Sample records for loans interim financing
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7 CFR 1735.75 - Interim financing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interim financing. 1735.75 Section 1735.75... Involving Loan Funds § 1735.75 Interim financing. (a) A borrower may submit a written request for RUS approval of interim financing if it is necessary to close an acquisition before the loan to finance the...
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13 CFR 120.890 - Source of interim financing.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Source of interim financing. 120... Development Company Loan Program (504) Interim Financing § 120.890 Source of interim financing. A Project may use interim financing for all Project costs except the Borrower's contribution. Any source (including...
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7 CFR 1710.109 - Reimbursement of general funds and interim financing.
2010-01-01
... LOANS AND GUARANTEES Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1710.109 Reimbursement of general funds and... replace interim financing used to finance equipment and facilities that were included in an RUS-approved...
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7 CFR 1738.21 - Interim financing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interim financing. 1738.21 Section 1738.21... Interim financing. (a) Upon notification by RUS that an applicant's application is considered complete, the applicant may enter into an interim financing agreement with a lender other than RUS or use its...
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78 FR 33755 - Project Financing Loans
2013-06-05
... CFR Part 1710 [0572-AC21] Project Financing Loans AGENCY: Rural Utilities Service, USDA. ACTION... also considering regulations to clarify the agency's procedures for single asset/project financing... parameters necessary to more effectively and prudently use project financing in the RUS electric loan program...
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7 CFR 3560.71 - Construction financing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Construction financing. 3560.71 Section 3560.71... Construction financing. (a) Construction financing plan. Prior to loan approval, applicants must submit to the Agency for its concurrence a plan for the construction financing and securing of the loan. (b) Interim...
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13 CFR 107.810 - Financings in the form of Loans.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of Loans... INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses: Types of Financing § 107.810 Financings in the form of Loans. You may make Loans to...
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26 CFR 1.141-5 - Private loan financing test.
2010-04-01
... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Private loan financing test. 1.141-5 Section 1... loan financing test. (a) In general. Bonds of an issue are private activity bonds if more than the... determining whether the private loan financing test is met. In determining whether the proceeds of an issue...
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Export financing of nuclear power plants - banks experience
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Loeber
1977-01-01
1) Dimension and volume of the export financing of a nuclear power plant: 1.1) export orders of a new dimension; 1.2) individual loans occurring in connection with the export of a nuclear power plant: a) financial loans for maturities falling due under the export portion of the project; b) financial loans for the settlement of down- and interim payments to be made in connection with the export portion of the project; c) financial loans for the payment of local costs; d) loans for the financing of fuel elements; 2) governmental export insurance; 3) export financing in the individual industrial countries: USA, France, Great Britain, Japan (EXIMBANK), FRG. (orig./HP) [de
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7 CFR 4290.810 - Financings in the form of Loans.
2010-01-01
...-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY...-Types of Financings § 4290.810 Financings in the form of Loans. You are permitted to make Loans to an...
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Shopping Center Financing: Pricing Loan Default Risk
Peter Chinloy; James Musumeci
1994-01-01
The financing structure of a shopping center is decomposed into an income security and two put options. These put options are respectively held by the borrower against the lender for default, and by the lender against an insurer or reinsurer. The prices of the put option depend on the loan-to-value ration of the loan and on the risk of the investment. The interest rate charged on the loan is the sum of four components: a riskless rate, lender production costs, and the net price of the put opt...
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Performance of Loan Repayment Determinants in Ethiopian Micro Finance - An Analysis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shaik Abdul Majeeb PASHA
2014-05-01
Full Text Available Micro finance involves the provision of micro-credit, savings, and other services to the poor that are excluded by the commercial banks for collateral and other reasons. Microfinance is relatively new to Ethiopia and came to existence during 1994-95. Out of which Sidama Micro Finance Institution (SMFI is one among 31Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs to serve needy people in Ethiopia. Based on this researchers’ intended to study major socio- economic factors and loan related factors that determines loan repayment performance of borrowers in SMFI. In fact, the identifying and analyzing such determining factors of loan repayment rate is vital in the achievement of profitability and sustainability of MFIs. In this connection, researchers’ collected data from primary and secondary resources and analyzed by using Binary logistic model is used. Through the study 14 determinants’ are selected for evaluation, out of which 9 variables are significant and remaining insignificant are found. Based on the analysis, researchers are recommended that proper training should be provided, reasonable amount of loan which should be useful to their business. Further, more age people and well business experience people can able to repay their loan amount` timely to micro finance institution.
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31 CFR 515.208 - Restrictions on loans, credits and other financing.
2010-07-01
... other financing. 515.208 Section 515.208 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 515.208 Restrictions on loans, credits and other financing. No United States... provide other financing for the purpose of financing transactions involving confiscated property the claim...
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Loan collaterals and collateral substitutes in rural finance: a review ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Loan collaterals and collateral substitutes in rural finance: a review. ... have difficulties in obtaining loans from banks and other financial institutions because ... The limited availability of conventional collaterals in rural financial markets has led ...
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2011-03-16
...; Representation for CCC and FSA Loans Authorization To File a Financing Statement AGENCY: Commodity Credit... Commodity Credit Corporation or Farm Service Agency Loans and Authorization To File A Financing Statement... Financing Statement and Related Documents. OMB Control Number: 0560-0215. Expiration Date of Approval...
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Loan versus Bond Financing of Czech Companies and the influence of the Global Recession
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mačí Jan
2017-03-01
Full Text Available European economies are traditionally considered to be bank based regarding the debt financing. However, in times of crises in the bank sector, this feature may indicate a weakness of these economies when the credit squeeze phenomenon may occur and companies’ competitiveness might be negatively affected thanks to unstable financing possibilities. In such conditions, a shift from bank loans to bonds might be expected. That is why this paper focuses on mutual development of corporate bond and business loan markets in the developing Czech economy in the years 2006–2014 with regard to the impacts of the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. The main goal of this article is to identify whether, thanks to the impacts of the global recession in 2009, there was a shift in Czech economy in business financing from the loans to bonds in a similar fashion as in the case of East Asian economies after their financial crisis in the nineties. Since Czech companies practically do not use short-term bonds, a mutual relationship is examined between amounts of long-term corporate bonds and economic development captured by the GDP per capita, and between long-term business loans and development of long-term corporate bonds. The main findings of this study are that since the global financial crisis, bond financing of businesses has been growing faster than loan financing. Czech economy thus shifts and becomes more bond market-based. The development of bond financing is positively correlated with the GDP per capita. Time series of both loans and bonds develop along the same trend. However, residual components are correlated negatively, which confirms the standing of loans and bonds as substitutes. Two main practical implications may be derived from this study. First, a growing usage of bonds increases demands on the market regulator, especially in the field of monitoring. Second, the growing bond market leads to the increased effectiveness, which makes additional
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7 CFR 1710.151 - Required findings for all loans.
2010-01-01
.... Adequate electric service will be made available to the widest practical number of rural users in the... financial and managerial controls will be included in loan documents. See § 1710.113. (d) Interim financing... laws; the rules and policies of the state authority; precedents in other similar cases; statements made...
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Public School Finance Problems in Texas. An Interim Report.
Texas Research League, Austin.
The U.S. District Court ruling in Rodriguez vs San Antonio Independent School District, which struck down Texas' school finance system as inequitable and unconstitutional, provided the impetus for publishing this interim report. The report documents the growing cost of State-supported public school programs--the primary concern prior to the…
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fekri Ali Shawtari
2015-12-01
Full Text Available The paper investigates whether there is a significance difference between the practices of discretionary loan/finance loss provisions between Islamic and conventional banks. Same time, the paper tests whether the efficiency may influence the behaviour of discretionary loans/finance loss provisions, taken into consideration other micro and macro variables. The study utilizes panel data runs over 1996–2011 with unbalanced observations for 16 banks, of which 4 Islamic banks. In order to achieve research objectives, the two-stage approach is adopted to examine the factors that may influence the behaviour of discretionary loan/finance loss provisions with specific emphasize on the efficiency. Furthermore, efficiency scores are estimated using Data Envelopment Windows Analysis. The findings of the research show that Islamic banks employ the discretionary loans/finance loss provisions to manage their earnings. However, the magnitude of discretion of accruals is significantly lower than conventional banks with exception for foreign banks which have reported lower discretionary loans/finance loss provisions than Islamic banks. Moreover, the analysis showed that efficiency affects the overall discretionary loans/finance loss provision positively, although this impact is shaped differently for Islamic and conventional banks.
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Denmark; Systemic Issues in Mortgage Loans and Covered Bond Finance: Technical Note
International Monetary Fund
2014-01-01
This technical note analyzes systemic issues in mortgage loans and covered bond finance in Denmark. Mortgage lending has seen significant product innovation in recent years. Loans with adjustable interest rates and/or interest-only periods, which have been introduced since the late 1990s, had grown to 75 percent and 53 percent, respectively, of total outstanding mortgage loans at the end of 2013. The major changes in the characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans have naturally been ref...
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Atuahene, Francis
2008-01-01
Student loans program is one of the most controversial phenomena in financing higher education in Ghana, but its importance as a cost sharing mechanism is incontestable. This paper describes the challenge of financing higher education in Ghana. It provides a critique of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) Student Loans Scheme,…
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2010-04-06
... with access to long-term (up to 20-year) fixed-rate loans at relatively low interest rates to finance certain categories of eligible CDBG projects. Historically, section 108 guarantee authority has been... local governments in nonentitlement areas. The July 22, 2009, interim rule implemented the expansion of...
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7 CFR 1737.41 - Procedure for obtaining approval.
2010-01-01
... RUS financing. (3) The proposed interim financing presents unacceptable loan security risks to RUS, or..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO INSURED AND GUARANTEED TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOANS Interim Financing of Construction of Telephone Facilities § 1737.41 Procedure for obtaining...
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Use this T&C for DERA Smartway financing projects where an eligible nonprofit grantee is implementing a loan program and loan Recipients will use the loan funds for activities that trigger Davis Bacon.
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2010-10-26
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Conditional Commitment for a Federal Loan Guarantee for Project Financing for... based on the analysis in the Final Environmental Impact Statement for Project Financing for Southwest... support of debt financing for transmission infrastructure investment projects located in the United States...
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75 FR 23152 - Board of Directors of Federal Home Loan Bank System Office of Finance
2010-05-03
...Governed by the Federal Housing Finance Agency's (FHFA) regulations, the Federal Home Loan Bank System's (Bank System) Office of Finance issues debt (``consolidated obligations'') as agent for the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) on which the Banks are jointly and severally liable and publishes combined financial reports on the Banks so that members of the Bank System, investors in the consolidated obligations, and other interested parties can assess the strength of the Bank System that stands behind them. The Office of Finance (OF) is governed by a board of directors, the composition and functions of which are determined by FHFA's regulations. FHFA's experience with the Bank System and with the OF's combined financial reports during the recent period of market stress suggests that the OF and the Bank System could benefit from a reconstituted board and strengthened audit committee. This regulation is intended to achieve that end.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Schilken, Peter; Cicmanova, Jana; Turner, Ian; Van Liefland, Stijn; Kaiser, Maaike; Ethuin, Perrine; Bernair, Corinne; Bertolotti, Enzo; Mordacci, Marco; Fraval, Jacques; Beaupetit, Helene; Safiulins, Timurs; Latisevs, Jevgenijs; Wenzel, Philipp; Dehghan, Bahram; Rask Nielsen, Poul
2017-02-01
Financing the energy retrofitting of buildings is a great challenge. With investments ranging from euros 200 to euros 1,200 /m 2 (CITYnvest study, 2015), access to attractive and long-term financing is perceived as the primary barrier to carrying out ambitious energy retrofits, in particular those aiming at achieving 50-75% energy savings. In this guidebook, Energy Cities' members share their experience and guide you through the process of setting up a soft loan financing scheme. The Stuttgart's 'care-free energy renovation package' and third party investment scheme are described in detail in a dedicated case study. The guidebook is intended for local and regional authorities, energy agencies and their associations, national energy agencies, ministries and fund managers, organisations providing training to cities and regions, banks and financing institutions. In short, all organisations and actors who could be interested in replicating these financing schemes or who could support cities and regions in doing so. The guidebook consists of four chapters: Chapter 1: an introduction to soft loan schemes. Chapter 2: step-by-step guidance on how to build a soft loan financing scheme, including an overview of three already tested alternative business models. Chapter 3: summary and recommendations. Chapter 4: case studies, including Stuttgart's third party investment scheme
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2010-07-01
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loans to finance the purchase of manufactured homes and the cost of necessary site preparation. 36.4251 Section 36.4251 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (CONTINUED) LOAN GUARANTY Guaranty of Loans to Veterans to Purchase Manufactured...
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7 CFR 1738.19 - Facilities financed.
2010-01-01
... AGRICULTURE RURAL BROADBAND ACCESS LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1738.19 Facilities financed. (a) RUS makes broadband loans to finance the construction, improvement, and acquisition... broadband loans to finance broadband facilities leased under the terms of a capital lease as defined in...
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2010-06-02
...; Eligibility and Scope of Financing; Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding... INFORMATION CONTACT: Elna Luopa, Senior Corporate Analyst, Office of Regulatory Policy, Farm Credit...
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7 CFR 1735.17 - Facilities financed.
2010-01-01
... Basic Policies § 1735.17 Facilities financed. (a) RUS makes hardship and guaranteed loans to finance the... section. (b) RUS makes concurrent RUS cost-of-money and RTB loans to finance the improvement, expansion... type of loan to finance the following items: (1) Station apparatus (including PBX and key systems) not...
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31 CFR 25.400 - Loan provisions.
2010-07-01
... SALES LOANS MADE BY THE DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY AND FOREIGN MILITARY SALES LOANS MADE BY THE FEDERAL FINANCING BANK AND GUARANTEED BY THE DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY Form of Private Loan § 25... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan provisions. 25.400 Section 25...
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The financing of new mining ventures
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Etheredge, D.A.; Lilja, J.R.
1983-01-01
Various options are presented for tackling the problem in mining today of the high capital costs required for a new mine combined with the front end exposure that the exploiters face. Equity finance from the producers, private investors, oil companies, consumers and governments is discussed as well as loan finance from export credit agencies, international agencies, production-related loans, leasing and commercial bank loans. The future in financing mining is outlined and it is proposed that the future will lie in smaller projects financed primarily with equity. (U.K.)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Goldberg, M.; Cliburn, J. K.; Coughlin, J.
2011-04-01
This report examines the economic impacts (including job creation) from the Boulder County, Colorado, ClimateSmart Loan Program (CSLP), an example of Property-Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing. The CSLP was the first test of PACE financing on a multi-jurisdictional level (involving individual cities as well as the county government). It was also the first PACE program to comprehensively address energy efficiency measures and renewable energy, and it was the first funded by a public offering of both taxable and tax-exempt bonds.
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78 FR 73415 - Information To Be Distributed to the Federal Home Loan Banks and the Office of Finance
2013-12-06
...Section 20A of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (Bank Act), requires the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) to make available to the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) such reports, records, or other information as may be available, relating to the condition of any Bank in order to enable each Bank to evaluate the financial condition of one or more of the other Banks individually and the Bank System as a whole. FHFA has adopted, and published in this issue of the Federal Register, a regulation to implement the statutory information sharing provisions, which will be located at 12 CFR part 1260. As required by Sec. 1260.2(b) of that regulation, FHFA is providing this notification to the Banks and the Bank System's Office of Finance of the categories of information that it will distribute under part 1260 beginning on the effective date noted below.
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78 FR 28953 - William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program
2013-05-16
.... Ford Federal Direct Loan Program; Interim Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 95... [Docket ID ED-2013-OPE-0066] RIN 1840-AD13 William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program AGENCY: Office of... Secretary amends the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program (Direct Loan Program) regulations to...
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24 CFR 201.20 - Property improvement loan eligibility.
2010-04-01
... estimated cost. (2) The loan proceeds shall be used only to finance property improvements that substantially protect or improve the basic livability or utility of the property. The Secretary will establish a list of... the Secretary before making a loan. (3) The loan proceeds shall only be used to finance property...
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2010-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan terms. 260.9 Section 260.9 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS GOVERNING LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES UNDER THE RAILROAD REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT FINANCING PROGRAM Overview § 260.9 Loan terms. The maximum repayment period for direct loans and guaranteed...
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13 CFR 120.900 - Sources of permanent financing.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sources of permanent financing... Development Company Loan Program (504) Permanent Financing § 120.900 Sources of permanent financing. Permanent financing for each Project must come from three sources: the Borrower's contribution, Third-Party Loans, and...
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12 CFR 541.18 - Interim Federal savings association.
2010-01-01
... an existing savings and loan holding company or to facilitate any other transaction the Office may... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interim Federal savings association. 541.18... REGULATIONS AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.18 Interim Federal savings association. The term...
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Financing Distributed Generation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Walker, A.
2001-01-01
This paper introduces the engineer who is undertaking distributed generation projects to a wide range of financing options. Distributed generation systems (such as internal combustion engines, small gas turbines, fuel cells and photovoltaics) all require an initial investment, which is recovered over time through revenues or savings. An understanding of the cost of capital and financing structures helps the engineer develop realistic expectations and not be offended by the common requirements of financing organizations. This paper discusses several mechanisms for financing distributed generation projects: appropriations; debt (commercial bank loan); mortgage; home equity loan; limited partnership; vendor financing; general obligation bond; revenue bond; lease; Energy Savings Performance Contract; utility programs; chauffage (end-use purchase); and grants. The paper also discusses financial strategies for businesses focusing on distributed generation: venture capital; informal investors (''business angels''); bank and debt financing; and the stock market
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13 CFR 120.881 - Ineligible Projects for 504 loans.
2010-01-01
... financing real or personal property located outside the United States or its possessions). ... Development Company Loan Program (504) Loan-Making Policies Specific to 504 Loans § 120.881 Ineligible... A of this part, the following Projects are ineligible for 504 financing: (a) Relocation of any of...
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25 CFR 101.2 - Kinds of loans.
2010-04-01
... associations, corporations and partnerships, to finance economic enterprises operated for profit, the operation... training programs. Loans may also be made by the United States to tribes for loaning to or investing in... thereof, corporations and partnerships, to finance economic enterprises operated for profit, the operation...
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Banking on Solar: Debt Finance in Today's Distributed Market (Poster)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Louder, T.
2014-10-01
Over the last two years, several entities - from banks to credit unions to solar finance companies -have rolled out distributed solar-specific loan programs in the United States. These solar-specific loans are a distinct loan in that the underwriting, loan terms, lender security interest, and other programmatic aspects are designed exclusively for the financing of solar installations. Until recently, loan financing for distributed solar installations was largely through home equity loans, commercial loans, and other standardized loan products available to homeowners and businesses for general expenditures. However, as the U.S. solar market matures, so too are its financing options, and solar-specific loans stand to gain market share. This poster was presented at the Solar Power International conference in Las Vegas, NV in October 2014.
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Financing Distributed Generation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Walker, A.
2001-06-29
This paper introduces the engineer who is undertaking distributed generation projects to a wide range of financing options. Distributed generation systems (such as internal combustion engines, small gas turbines, fuel cells and photovoltaics) all require an initial investment, which is recovered over time through revenues or savings. An understanding of the cost of capital and financing structures helps the engineer develop realistic expectations and not be offended by the common requirements of financing organizations. This paper discusses several mechanisms for financing distributed generation projects: appropriations; debt (commercial bank loan); mortgage; home equity loan; limited partnership; vendor financing; general obligation bond; revenue bond; lease; Energy Savings Performance Contract; utility programs; chauffage (end-use purchase); and grants. The paper also discusses financial strategies for businesses focusing on distributed generation: venture capital; informal investors (''business angels''); bank and debt financing; and the stock market.
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31 CFR 585.406 - Extensions of credits or loans.
2010-07-01
... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Extensions of credits or loans. 585.406 Section 585.406 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... Interpretations § 585.406 Extensions of credits or loans. (a) The prohibition in § 585.210 applies to the...
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76 FR 29147 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments
2011-05-20
...-AA32 Federal Home Loan Bank Investments AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency; Federal Housing Finance...-adopting existing investment regulations that apply to the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) and that were...' investment in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and certain asset-backed securities (ABS) that were previously...
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Private Loans: Facts and Trends
Institute for College Access & Success, 2014
2014-01-01
Private loans are one of the riskiest ways to finance a college education. Like credit cards, they typically have variable interest rates. Both variable and fixed rates are higher for those who can least afford them--as high as 13% in June 2014. Private loans are not eligible for the important deferment, income-based repayment, or loan forgiveness…
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7 CFR 1717.853 - Loan terms and conditions.
2010-01-01
... Accommodations and Subordinations for 100 Percent Private Financing § 1717.853 Loan terms and conditions. (a) Terms and conditions. A loan, bond or other financing instrument, for which a lien accommodation or... also waive its right of approval in other cases. RUS's decision to waive its right of approval will...
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Mainstream and alternative sources of finance in Dutch agriculture
Meulen, van der H.A.B.; Asseldonk, van M.A.P.M.
2017-01-01
In this paper mainstream and alternative sources of finance in
Dutch agriculture is analysed. Dutch farmers make use of
different sources of finance whereby bank loans continue to
serve as the major source of debt financing. The average bank
loan was approximately 740,000 euro per -
7 CFR 1710.106 - Uses of loan funds.
2010-01-01
... and Basic Policies § 1710.106 Uses of loan funds. (a) Funds from loans made or guaranteed by RUS may be used to finance: (1) Distribution facilities. (i) The construction of new distribution facilities... station service, and the borrower is unable to finance the acquisition from other sources. See § 1710.107...
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7 CFR 1421.104 - Marketing assistance loan making.
2010-01-01
... cost for terminating the financing statement for marketing assistance loans disbursed under paragraph... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Marketing assistance loan making. 1421.104 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance...
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Financing Your Small Business: A Workbook for Financing Small Business.
Compton, Clark W.
Designed to assist established businesspeople with the development of a loan proposal, this workbook offers information on sources of financing and step-by-step guidance on applying for a loan. After chapter I discusses borrowers' and lenders' attitudes towards money, chapter II offers suggestions for determining financial needs. Chapter III lists…
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31 CFR 575.406 - Extensions of credits or loans to Iraq.
2010-07-01
... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Extensions of credits or loans to Iraq. 575.406 Section 575.406 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Interpretations § 575.406 Extensions of credits or loans to Iraq. (a) The prohibition in § 575.210 applies to the...
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Participatory financing for green growth
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Laville, Dorine; Phantharangsi, Maryvonne; Monnoyer-Smith, Laurence; Demeulenaere, Laurence; Lequeux, Typhaine; Cuny, Alicia
2017-01-01
As for the French Ministry of the Environment, participatory financing can be an innovating and mobilising tool to finance projects related to the energy and ecological transition, and as such a financing is promoted by the law on energy transition for a green growth, this publication presents this type of financing. It evokes its legal framework, its different forms (loan to companies, loan to individuals, gift, capital investment), its safe legal framework (definition of different types of status). It outlines how it can be a lever for energy and ecological transition even if green projects are difficult to quantify. It evokes the future introduction of a label, and the introduction of legal and regulatory measures to develop the renewable energy sector
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Sustainable house construction and green financing. Explanation for 'green mortgages'
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1997-05-01
The Dutch government finances the sustainable construction of new houses by means of so-called 'green loans'. Extra costs for the construction of a sustainable house are compensated by a lower interest rate for a green loan. In this brochure it is explained when green financing of house construction is possible and how to apply for such loans
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2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Financing. 882.405 Section 882.405... § 882.405 Financing. (a) Types. Any type of public or private financing may be utilized with the... Contract as security for financing. An Owner may pledge, or offer as security for any loan or obligation...
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7 CFR 1710.119 - Loan processing priorities.
2010-01-01
... and Basic Policies § 1710.119 Loan processing priorities. (a) Generally loans are processed in... in effect at the time the facilities were originally constructed; (3) To finance the capital needs of...
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2010-05-28
...: Federal Home Loan Bank Mortgage Refinancing Authority AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency. ACTION... Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) to permit the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) until July 30, 2010... Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) (collectively, Enterprises), the Banks, and...
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48 CFR 1532.003 - Simplified acquisition procedures financing.
2010-10-01
... procedures financing. 1532.003 Section 1532.003 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING 1532.003 Simplified acquisition procedures financing. (a) Scope. This subpart provides for authorization of advance and interim payments on...
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ALTERNATIVE MODELS OF FINANCING REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cristina, GRADEA
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Public financing of infrastructure proved under performing at uneconomic prices, and because of political interference in the management of funds, understanding the problem leading to the adoption of private funding variant, an effective way of private funding being the financing of the project. Project financing is a concept that assessed by means of financing a specific technique. In this context, those granting funds usually through loans typically are only interested in cash flows and project profit, which are a source of funds for repayment of loans; they are less interested in the creditworthiness of those employed in the project (organizations, governments, communities and so on. This approach has led to the emergence of new ways of financing projects, new types of projects, such as regional and rural development.
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7 CFR 1710.102 - Borrower eligibility for different types of loans.
2010-01-01
... LOANS AND GUARANTEES Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1710.102 Borrower eligibility for different... grid renewable energy systems. (See 7 CFR part 1712). These guarantees are normally used to finance bulk transmission and generation facilities, but they may also be used to finance distribution and...
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Philippines: Population: USAID loan.
The Philippines and the United States Agency for International Development signed an agreement on Christmas Day for a US $5.7 million loan and a US $6 million grant for the country's population program. The loan, which matures in 40 years, carries a 2% interest per year for the first 10 years, and 3% thereafter. A 10-year grace period is provided. The US $11.7 million loan and grant package is the first part of USAID's pledge of US $26.9 million in loan and US $29.8 million in grants for the population project. The agreement was signed by Finance Minister Cesar Virata and USAID director Anthony Schwarzwalder. The total loan package of US $57.7 million will be given in the next 5 years.
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2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Financing. 884.114 Section 884.114... HOUSING PROJECTS Applicability, Scope and Basic Policies § 884.114 Financing. (a) Types. Eligible projects... contract as security for financing. (1) An Owner may pledge, or offer as security for any loan or...
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Financing - general considerations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1977-01-01
Various aspects of the problems of financing a multinational regional fuel cycle centre (RFCC) are briefly discussed. Some of the points covered are: financing by participants; floating long-term loans on capital markets outside the countries of the participants; and export credits for the purchase of equipment manufactured outside the countries of the participants
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Muyinda, B.
2008-01-01
The study was conducted on Vision Finance a microfinance institution of World Vision in Rwanda. The major research question focussed on determining the factors that have contributed default on loans disbursed to PLWHA clients by Vision Finance. Results show that chronic illness and death disrupt
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13 CFR 120.476 - Prohibited financing.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prohibited financing. 120.476... Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.476 Prohibited financing. An SBLC may not make a loan to a small business that has received financing (or a commitment for financing) from an SBIC that is an Associate of...
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Understanding Loan Aversion in Education
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Angela Boatman
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Although prior research has suggested that some students may be averse to taking out loans to finance their college education, there is little empirical evidence showing the extent to which loan aversion exists or how it affects different populations of students. This study provides the first large-scale quantitative evidence of levels of loan aversion in the United States. Using survey data collected on more than 6,000 individuals, we examine the frequency of loan aversion in three distinct populations. Depending on the measure, between 20 and 40% of high school seniors exhibit loan aversion with lower rates among community college students and adults not in college. Women are less likely to express loan-averse attitudes than men, and Hispanic respondents are more likely to be loan averse than White respondents.
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75 FR 68534 - Federal Home Loan Bank Liabilities
2010-11-08
... combine provisions now found in the Finance Board regulations part 965, Sources of Funds, and part 969... FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD 12 CFR Parts 965, 966, 969, and 987 FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY 12 CFR Part 1270 RIN 2590-AA36 Federal Home Loan Bank Liabilities AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance...
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Collateralised loan obligations (CLOs): A primer
Jobst, Andreas A.
2002-01-01
The following descriptive paper surveys the various types of loan securitisation and provides a working definition of so-called collateralised loan obligations (CLOs). Free of the common rhetoric and slogans, which sometimes substitute for understanding of the complex nature of structured finance, this paper describes the theoretical foundations of this specialised form of loan securitisation. Not only the distinctive properties of CLOs, but also the information economics inherent in the tran...
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7 CFR 1717.154 - Transitional assistance in connection with new loans.
2010-01-01
... and efficiencies to be realized from the merger and the relative importance of loan priority to... at least one of the merging parties is an active borrower. (b) Supplemental financing.(1) RUS generally requires that an applicant for a municipal rate loan obtain a portion of its debt financing from a...
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Application of BSDE in Standard Inventory Financing Loan
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hui Zhang
2017-01-01
Full Text Available This paper examines the issue of loans obtained by the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs from banks through the mortgage inventory of goods. And the loan-to-value (LTV ratio which affects the loan business is a very critical factor. In this paper, we provide a general framework to determine a bank’s optimal loan-to-value (LTV ratio when we consider the collateral value in the financial market with Knightian uncertainty. We assume that the short-term prices of the collateral follow a geometric Brownian motion. We use a set of equivalent martingale measures to build the models about a bank’s maximum and minimum levels of risk tolerance in an environment with Knightian uncertainty. The models about the LTV ratios are established with the bank’s maximum and minimum risk preferences. Applying backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs, we get the explicit solutions of the models. Applying the explicit solutions, we can obtain an interval solution for the optimal LTV ratio. Our numerical analysis shows that the LTV ratio in the Knightian uncertainty-neutral environment belongs to the interval solutions derived from the models.
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13 CFR 120.891 - Certifications of disbursement and completion.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Certifications of disbursement and completion. 120.891 Section 120.891 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Interim Financing § 120.891 Certifications of disbursement...
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State Clean Energy Policies Analysis: State, Utility, and Municipal Loan Programs
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lantz, E.
2010-05-01
High initial costs can impede the deployment of clean energy technologies. Financing can reduce these costs. And, state, municipal, and utility-sponsored loan programs have emerged to fill the gap between clean energy technology financing needs and private sector lending. In general, public loan programs are more favorable to clean energy technologies than are those offered by traditional lending institutions; however, public loan programs address only the high up-front costs of clean energy systems, and the technology installed under these loan programs rarely supports clean energy production at levels that have a notable impact on the broader energy sector. This report discusses ways to increase the impact of these loan programs and suggests related policy design considerations.
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Geothermal Money Book [Geothermal Outreach and Project Financing
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Elizabeth Battocletti
2004-02-01
Small business lending is big business and growing. Loans under $1 million totaled $460 billion in June 2001, up $23 billion from 2000. The number of loans under $100,000 continued to grow at a rapid rate, growing by 10.1%. The dollar value of loans under $100,000 increased 4.4%; those of $100,000-$250,000 by 4.1%; and those between $250,000 and $1 million by 6.4%. But getting a loan can be difficult if a business owner does not know how to find small business-friendly lenders, how to best approach them, and the specific criteria they use to evaluate a loan application. This is where the Geothermal Money Book comes in. Once a business and financing plan and financial proposal are written, the Geothermal Money Book takes the next step, helping small geothermal businesses locate and obtain financing. The Geothermal Money Book will: Explain the specific criteria potential financing sources use to evaluate a proposal for debt financing; Describe the Small Business Administration's (SBA) programs to promote lending to small businesses; List specific small-business friendly lenders for small geothermal businesses, including those which participate in SBA programs; Identify federal and state incentives which are relevant to direct use and small-scale (< 1 megawatt) power generation geothermal projects; and Provide an extensive state directory of financing sources and state financial incentives for the 19 states involved in the GeoPowering the West (GPW). GPW is a U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored activity to dramatically increase the use of geothermal energy in the western United States by promoting environmentally compatible heat and power, along with industrial growth and economic development. The Geothermal Money Book will not: Substitute for financial advice; Overcome the high exploration, development, and financing costs associated with smaller geothermal projects; Remedy the lack of financing for the exploration stage of a geothermal project; or Solve
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Micro Finance in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects | Nwanyanwu ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
finance industry are inadequate finance, high risk, heavy transaction cost, mounting loan ... management of funds meant for credit disbursement, the capital base of micro finance institutions should be strengthened in order to mobilize domestic ...
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76 FR 33121 - Record Retention for Regulated Entities and Office of Finance
2011-06-08
...The Federal Housing Finance Agency is issuing a final regulation to set forth record retention requirements for the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Office of Finance.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Helen Higgs
2014-03-01
Full Text Available This paper models the price and income elasticity of retail finance in Australia using aggregate quarterly data and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL approach. We particularly focus on the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC from 2007 onwards on retail finance demand and analyse four submarkets (period analysed in brackets: owneroccupied housing loans (Sep 1985–June 2010, term loans (for motor vehicles, household goods and debt consolidation, etc. (Dec 1988–Jun 2010, credit card loans (Mar 1990–Jun 2010, and margin loans (Sep 2000–Jun 2010. Other than the indicator lending rates and annual full-time earnings respectively used as proxies for the price and income effects, we specify a large number of other variables as demand factors, particularly reflecting the value of the asset for which retail finance demand is derived. These variously include the yield on indexed bonds as a proxy for inflation expectations, median housing prices, consumer sentiment indices as measures of consumer confidence, motor vehicle and retail trade sales, housing debt-to-housing assets as a measure of leverage, the proportion of protected margin lending, the available credit limit on credit cards, and the All Ordinaries Index. In the long run, we find significant price elasticities only for term loans and margin loans, and significant income elasticities of demand for housing loans, term loans and margin loans. We also find that the GFC only significantly affected the longrun demand for term loans and margin loans. In the short run, we find that the GFC has had a significant effect on the price elasticity of demand for term loans and margin loans. Expected inflation is also a key factor affecting retail finance demand. Overall, most of the submarkets in the analysis indicate that retail finance demand is certainly price inelastic but more income elastic than conventionally thought.
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13 CFR 120.892 - Certifications of no adverse change.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Certifications of no adverse change. 120.892 Section 120.892 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Interim Financing § 120.892 Certifications of no adverse...
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13 CFR 120.801 - How a 504 Project is financed.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How a 504 Project is financed. 120.801 Section 120.801 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) § 120.801 How a 504 Project is financed. (a) One or more small...
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Export financing of nuclear power plants - banks experience
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Loeber
1976-01-01
Export financing of a nuclear power plant to be exported from Germany, is, in principle, provided by German commercial banks and KfW (Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau). As a rule, 50 per cent of the financing of maturities falling due under the export portion of the loan will be taken over by a banking syndicate of approximately 25 member banks, and the remaining 50 per cent would be provided by KfW. KfW and the commercial banks must grant their loans at the respective money market conditions. The banks' and KfW's loans will normally be disbursed pro rata delivery. (HP) [de
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Specialized financing techniques
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shepherd, J.
1992-01-01
Specific financing techniques applicable to wind energy projects in Canada are discussed. A limited partnership is the classic Canadian approach to tax-advantaged financing. For a typical wind project, the limited partners would get an internal rate of return of around 8% over 20 years as well as income tax deductions on Class 34 investments. This rate can be improved if the investors borrow some of the money; they get tax-free cash flow while having deductible loan interest, raising their rate of return after taxes to ca 9-10%. Special situation investors can get to take all of the Class 34 deduction right away, raising their return up to the 12% range. These investors include principal business corporations (such as utilities or oil companies), or companies who have sold their business. A second type of financing structure is related to inflation-indexed debt. The loan is structured like a mortgage, with the annual payments indexed to inflation but nevertheless low enough to provide an early positive cash flow from the project. Other possible financing structures are the immigrant investor fund and the provincial incentive corporations
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mahapatra, Krushna; Gustavsson, Leif; Haavik, Trond
energy use behaviour of the occupants and the difficulty to predict future energy prices. The options to finance energy efficiency renovations include homeowners’ own resources, mortgage refinancing, flex loan, personal loan, financing by service providers, preferential loan, subsidies/grants, credit...... for the homeowners, and banks will have a less risky asset in their portfolio. In situations where homeowners cannot avail additional mortgage financing, e.g. those who recently purchased a house and used the limit to such loans, banks may consider an energy efficient renovation plan prepared by an entrepreneur...
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Financing power projects in emerging markets
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Matsumoto, G.T.
1996-01-01
Financing for power generation projects in the developing countries of the world has been provided by the United States Export-Import Bank. The loans provided by its new Project Finance Division, totalling $8.3 billion are described. The future of project financing for the power generation industry should, it is argued, rest not with government financing agencies, but with private sector financial markets. (UK)
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Financing Agricultural Enterprises By Cooperative Societies In ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The study was on cooperative societies financing of agricultural enterprises in Mbaise Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The objectives includes, identification of sources of finance for the cooperative societies and types of agricultural enterprises financed, profitability of the enterprises and the members or loan beneficiaries ...
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77 FR 15933 - Conservation Loan Program
2012-03-19
... to these regulations based on the comments. FSA is making a minor amendment to the definition of... key decision making for the entity and could be the ones making the important decisions regarding... interim rule (75 FR 54005-54016) on September 3, 2010, to add CL loan making and servicing provisions to...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Thompson, Peter; Borgeson, Merrian; Kramer, Chris; Zimring, Mark; Goldman, Charles
2014-05-30
Under the Clean Energy Works (CEW) program, Craft3 developed a loan product that widened access to financing for homeowners, offered long term funding, and collected repayments through the customer?s utility bill. The program?s success led Craft3 to pursue the sale of the loan portfolio to both mitigate its own risks and replenish funds for lending. This sale breaks new ground for energy efficiency finance and is notable as it was completed even with many novel program design elements. It replenished Craft3?s program capital and uncovered some valuable lessons that may facilitate future transactions. However, the lack of data history and the unproven nature of the loan portfolio meant that Craft3 had to limit the risk of losses to Self-Help, the purchaser of the portfolio. It remains to be seen whether this experience will pave the way for more sales of on-bill energy efficiency loan portfolios. This case study illustrates how certain program design decisions can sometimes both facilitate programmatic objectives and possibly present challenges for the sale of a portfolio of energy efficiency loans.
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12 CFR 614.4233 - International loans.
2010-01-01
... conditions: (a) The loan shall be denominated in a currency to eliminate foreign exchange risk on repayment... majority ownership interest, financing may be extended for the full value of the transaction; otherwise, financing may be extended only to approximate the percent of ownership. [55 FR 24884, June 19, 1990, as...
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7 CFR 3565.204 - Maximum loan amount.
2010-01-01
... project. The lender shall recommend to the Agency an adjustment in the loan amount if appropriate as a result of this review. (2) Where the project financing combines a guaranteed loan with Low-Income Housing Tax Credits or other Federal assistance, the project must conform to the policies regarding necessary...
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2010-01-01
... bond counsel firm which has experience in municipal financing with such investors as investment dealers... counsel may be more expeditious. However, it will be the decision of the applicant whether or not to... income tax statutes. (d) Interim financing from commercial sources during construction period for loans...
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12 CFR 980.6 - Finance Board consent.
2010-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Finance Board consent. 980.6 Section 980.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW BUSINESS ACTIVITIES § 980.6 Finance Board consent. The Finance Board may at any time provide consent for a Bank to undertake a particular new business activity and...
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13 CFR 120.391 - What is the Builders Loan Program?
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What is the Builders Loan Program? 120.391 Section 120.391 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS...)(9) of the Act, SBA may make or guarantee loans to finance small general contractors to construct or...
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Mechanism Research on Standardized Development of Rural Private Finance
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2010-01-01
In generalizing the researching conditions of researchers on private finance,the paper introduces the connoted meaning of rural private finance broadly and narrowly.The paper states the forms of rural private finance(including private loaning,private bank,rural private collecting,financing organizations,cooperatives,NGO,small loaning organizations and so on),the relations between rural private finance and rural economic relations,pointing out that it is the combination of the strong and the weak,which may generate benefits with the operation of marketing mechanisms.The paper analyzes the historical causes,supervision causes and cultural causes of rural private finance,discussing mechanisms of standardized development of rural private finance:firstly,standardize the organization management mechanisms,including scaled controlling mechanisms and bank management mechanisms;secondly,complete finance supervision mechanisms;thirdly,moderate government intervention,including affording liberal policy environment and reducing the improper intervention;fourthly,upgrading qualities mechanisms,including cultivating the rural credit culture and improving the quality of regulatory personnel.
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Introducing Commercial Finance into the Water Sector in Developing Countries
Bender, Kevin
2017-01-01
This guidance note provides an introduction to the role of commercial finance in the water and sanitation sector. Its aim is to help readers (development specialists) explore applications in their own countries. The note focuses primarily on commercial bank loans, and throughout the document the term commercial finance refers to commercial loans from domestic banks. However, much of the gu...
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75 FR 60347 - Information Sharing Among Federal Home Loan Banks
2010-09-30
... business days between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. at the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fourth Floor... FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD 12 CFR Part 914 FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY 12 CFR Part 1260 RIN 2590-AA35 Information Sharing Among Federal Home Loan Banks AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency...
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The Role Played by Agricultural Policy-based Finance in New Village Construction
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2011-01-01
The necessity of the agricultural policy-based finance in terms of supporting the new village construction is analyzed: in the first place, the theoretical roots of agricultural policy-based finance supporting new village construction are "market failure" and "government intervention"; in the second place, the continual decline of agriculture and the "rural financial market failure" in recent years have become the objective evidence and historical mission for agricultural policy-based finance to support new village construction; in the third place, the combination of agricultural policy-based finance and new village construction is conducive to solving the "three agriculture" problems and facilitating the reform of new village construction. The feasibility of the support is analyzed: firstly, agricultural policy-based finance boasts the status and position of the "primary drive" in new village construction; secondly, the nation continuously deepens the reform of rural financial system and policy-based banks and strengthens the functions of Agricultural Development Bank, which provides policies for agricultural policy-based finance to support new village construction; thirdly, the 14 years’ reform and development of Agricultural Development Bank and the eleventh five year plan lay sound practical basis for the support of agricultural policy-based finance to new village construction. Based on the necessity and feasibility, the following six aspects are analyzed to fully display the function of the "first engine" of agricultural policy-related finance to new village construction. Firstly, strengthening the credit and loan aid to grain and cotton and some other agricultural products in the circulation domain; secondly, strengthening the credit and loan aid to agricultural industrialization in processing field; thirdly, intensifying the credit and loan aid to agricultural comprehensive development, rural infrastructure construction, application and promotion of
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Corporate fraud and bank loans:Evidence from china
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yunsen; Chen; Song; Zhu; Yutao; Wang
2011-01-01
Receiving punishment from regulators for corporate fraud can affect financing contracts between a firm and its bank,as both the firm’s credit risk and information risk increase after punishment By focusing on Chinese firms’borrowing behavior after events of corporate fraud,we find that firms’bank loans after punishment are not only significantly lower,but are also less than those for non-fraudulent firms.In addition,loan interest rates after punishment are not only higher than before,but also higher than those for their non-fraudulent counterparts.In addition,we find that corporate fraud indirectly destabilizes the"performance-bank loan"relationship.Our results suggest that corporate fraud negatively affects a firm’s ability to source debt financing,which provides new evidence about the economic consequences of fraud.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Balint, J.
1995-01-01
The main activities of the Export Development Corporation (EDC) were described, as well as some of the changes currently being implemented. EDC is Canada's official export credit agency, providing risk management services such as insurance, loans, guarantees, equity and leasing. EDC's project finance initiative started in 1991, and focused mainly on the up-front process. It has established itself as a recognized leader in project financing. It has over 15 years experience in a variety of sectors and countries. Energy projects financed to date include hydro projects in India, Argentina and Pakistan, and thermal projects in Thailand, China, Indonesia and Egypt. Lending criteria used to select projects were outlined, along with the risks endemic to project financing
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77 FR 38015 - Community Programs Guaranteed Loans
2012-06-26
... section. This is based upon the Agency's experience to date in financing this type of project and the... sections, in order to clarify the types of projects that are eligible for a Community Facilities Guaranteed... Program by limiting the risk to the guaranteed loan portfolio. RHS is seeking to prohibit the financing of...
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75 FR 23631 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments
2010-05-04
... 2590-AA32 Federal Home Loan Bank Investments AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency, Federal Housing... Finance Agency (FHFA) is proposing to re- organize and re-adopt existing investment regulations that apply... incorporate into the new part 1267 limits on the Banks' investment in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and...
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Finance Companies and Small Business Borrowers: An Empirical Investigation
Haynes, George; Watts, Myles
1996-01-01
Finance companies have been perceived as isolated and insignificant lenders, attracting high risk borrowers and charging these borrowers relatively high prices. Using the 1988 National Survey of Small Business Finance, this study examines the relationship between finance companies and other lenders, describes the characteristics of borrowers attracted to finance companies and assesses whether finance companies charge higher loan prices and impose more stringent collateral requirements on thei...
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Financing of permanent working capital in agriculture
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vučković Branko
2017-01-01
Full Text Available In this paper, we attempted to present the problem of establishing adequate structure of financing medium agricultural enterprises and to point out the necessity for permanent working capital in those agricultural enterprises which can’t cover fixed assets, long-term placements and portion of inventories (raw material and spare parts, production in process with own equity and long-term sources of financing. For the purpose of analysing adequate structure of financing medium agricultural enterprises, we will use one of the most popular methods, such as case study and ratio analysis. Results of the research show that in primary agricultural production, next to standard long-term investment loans and short-term loans for investment in agricultural production, there is a necessity for financing in the permanent working capital which could assist continuity of production process and enable conditions for more profitable business in agriculture. It also should be noted that real and book value on this level of permanent working capital differs substantially.
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44 CFR 206.364 - Loan application.
2010-10-01
... assets for a stated period of time, and the proposed means of financing the expenditures. For loan... within sixty days of the date of the disapproval. Decision by the Assistant Administrator for the...
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The Bank's Choice of Financing and the Correlation Structure of Loan Returns
Ioannidou, V.; Pierides, Y.
2003-01-01
This paper examines how the correlation structure of loan returns within a bank s loan portfolio a.ects its choice of .nancing when the bank faces binding capital constraints and there is asymmetric information about the quality of its loans.The paper uses an asymmetric information model similar to
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The Interim Financial Reporting in the Spirit of the IAS 34 Norm
Ovidia Doinea
2008-01-01
The role of an interim financial reporting is to allow the information users to acknowledge the activity of an entity on period shorter than financial exercise from the perspective of the available profits and cash flows generated as well as from the point of view of its financial position and liquidity. The interim financial reporting includes a complete or condensed set of financial statements which target to update the last financial reporting, usually the annual report. The interim financ...
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The international Finance Corporation and financing of sustainable energy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Younger, D.R.
1999-01-01
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest multilateral source of loan and equity financing for private sector projects in the developing world. IFC participates in an investment only when it can make a special contribution that complements the role of market operators. Since its founding 40 years ago, IFC has provided more than $18.8 billion in financing for 1,706 companies in developing countries. Its share capital is provided by its 170 member countries, which collectively determine its policies and activities. Strong shareholder support and a substantial paid-in capital base have allowed IFC to raise funds for its lending activities through its triple-A rated bond issues in international financial markets. (orig.)
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7 CFR 1488.6 - Amendments to financing agreement.
2010-01-01
... been delivered, CCC will consider requests to increase the amount of the sale registration value for... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FINANCING OF SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC...
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76 FR 79050 - Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Goals: Mortgage Reporting Amendments
2011-12-21
... FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY 12 CFR Part 1281 RIN 2590-AA48 Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Goals... governing housing goals for the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) to make those requirements consistent with... Section 1205 of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) amended the Federal Home Loan Bank...
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7 CFR 1786.167 - Restrictions to additional RUS financing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions to additional RUS financing. 1786.167... additional RUS financing. (a) No borrower that prepays an electric loan at a discount as provided under this... borrower is unable to obtain financing at reasonable terms to restore the system from non-RUS sources...
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12 CFR 918.5 - Approval by Finance Board.
2010-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Approval by Finance Board. 918.5 Section 918.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS BANK DIRECTOR COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES § 918.5 Approval by Finance Board. Payments made to directors in compliance with the limits on annual...
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An Economic Theory of Islamic Finance Regulation
Al-Jarhi, Mabid
2015-01-01
We argue that regulation can improve the performance of conventional banks up to a limit, but cannot eliminate the deficiencies resulting from the use of the conventional loan contract. Islamic finance requires complicated and costly procedures compared to conventional finance. Yet, it has significant macroeconomic benefits, which cannot be internalized by individual banks. Therefore, Islamic bankers tend to mimic conventional finance in order to cut costs and maximize short-term profits....
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Promoting renewables through soft loans
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Marcks, C.
1999-01-01
The DtA, founded in 1950s, is a federal institution owned by the German government. It assists the government to implement its economic, environmental and social policy. Financial assistance is being granted mainly through soft loans. Such loans are a flexible instrument, permitting to partially correct prices without severely distorting market forces. They assure total financing while spreading the subsidy over the entire period of the engagement. This avoids windfall opportunities often related to direct subsidies. Investors, therefore, have an intrinsic motivation to only submit sound and profitable projects. (orig./RHM)
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Bank finance versus bond finance: what explains the differences between US and Europe?
De Fiore, Fiorella; Uhlig, Harald
2005-01-01
We present a dynamic general equilibrium model with agency costs, where heterogeneous firms choose among two alternative instruments of external finance - corporate bonds and bank loans. We characterize the financing choice of firms and the endogenous financial structure of the economy. The calibrated model is used to address questions such as: What explains differences in the financial structure of the US and the euro area? What are the implications of these differences for allocations? We f...
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31 CFR 538.208 - Prohibited grant or extension of credits or loans to the Government of Sudan.
2010-07-01
... loans to the Government of Sudan. Except as otherwise authorized, the grant or extension of credits or... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Prohibited grant or extension of credits or loans to the Government of Sudan. 538.208 Section 538.208 Money and Finance: Treasury...
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7 CFR 4290.845 - Maximum rate of amortization on Loans and Debt Securities.
2010-01-01
...) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Structuring Rbic Financing of Eligible Enterprises-Types of Financings § 4290.845 Maximum rate of amortization on Loans and Debt Securities. The...
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7 CFR 1980.454 - Conditions precedent to issuance of the Loan Note Guarantee.
2010-01-01
... percent in loan amounts between $1 million and $10 million. 4. Basic credit requirements of all loans. B... experience of the new lender before the request is approved. If approved, notify the Finance Office of the...
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Chan, Ka Fai
2011-01-01
Project finance is a financing arrangement for projects, and it is characterised by the creation of a legally independent project company financed with non- or limited recourse loans. It is observed that the popularity of project finance is increasing in the recent decades, despite of the impact of Asian financial crisis. Especially in emerging markets, project finance is very common among the public-private partnership projects. It is possible that project finance yields some benefits in pro...
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How to finance new energy-conservation equipment: investment in saving
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lipscombe, G
1977-11-01
A London banker outlines how companies can finance the new equipment needed to lower fuel consumption and reduce fuel bills. He notes that internal financing is the custom, but that the new urgency placed on efficient plant operation has broadened the options for financing capital projects. Financial considerations involve simple payback periods or a more sophisticated appraisal of an energy project's life-time effect on cash flow. Financiers will take into account whether there is a government grant, fuel cost savings, project costs, and tax allowances, although there are disadvantages in the discount approach. Outside sources of capital include bank drafts, term loans, leasing facilities, hire-purchase, and government loans. Each company must determine the best type of financing for its needs, but the opportunities improve when the energy manager, company accountant, and bank manager understand each other.
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2011-08-18
... Product/Purpose: The loan, guarantee, or grant application is to support the expansion of business to the... Department of Agriculture to make or guarantee loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities... result in: (a) A transfer of any employment or business activity from one area to another by the loan...
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Tax-exempt bank loans still an option for providers.
Ostlund, Grant; Cheney, John E
2011-07-01
In evaluating the potential for tax-exempt bank financing, healthcare organizations should carefully consider: Pricing. Loan structure. Security requirements (such as financial covenants and default remedies).
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13 CFR 108.610 - Required certifications for Loans and Investments.
2010-01-01
... financing. By executing this document, both parties certify that the concern is a Small Business. For... the concern is a Small Business. (b) SBA Form 652, a certification by the concern you are financing... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Required certifications for Loans...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anyangah, Joshua Okeyo
2010-01-01
This paper develops a screening model to examine the relationship between alternative sources of private capital and investment in environmentally sound technologies (ESTs). In the model, a polluter (agent) must secure investment funds from the international financial markets in order to upgrade its production and abatement technology. The requisite capital can be obtained via either market loans (debt finance) or foreign direct investment (FDI). Under debt finance, the foreign financier supplies only capital and the relationship between the two parties is more 'arms-length'. By contrast, under FDI, the investor delivers both capital and managerial skills. We use the model to derive the implications of debt finance for optimal investment decisions and compare them to those obtained under FDI. Investment incentives are more pronounced under debt finance. (author)
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12 CFR 980.5 - Notice by the Finance Board.
2010-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice by the Finance Board. 980.5 Section 980.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW BUSINESS ACTIVITIES § 980.5 Notice by the Finance Board. (a) Issuance. Within sixty days after receipt of a notice of new business activity under § 980.3, th...
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A Study on the Pricing Model for 3PL of Inventory Financing
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhilan Song
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Being a new research area, logistics finance solves the contradiction between banks and SMEs (small and medium enterprises about financing; it is beneficial to financial market and logistics market development too. As a service innovation, it unites the interests of bank, 3PL (third-party logistics providers, and SMEs and integrates material, finance, and information. Logistics finance has been developed in recent years in China, but the research is not enough on 3PL enterprises. On the background of that, the paper makes a research in the field of logistics finance with different pricing methods, based on the perspective of third-party logistics enterprises. This paper proposes a pricing model of inventory financing that can maximize the cash flow of 3PL enterprise, when the default rate of the small- and medium-sized enterprise is affected by the pledge price. And then this paper studies the model of inventory financing that can maximize the cash flow of enterprise under the condition of the existence of cash discount rate. The core factors affecting the loan-to-value ratio were established through analysis of mathematical model. We also consider the loan-to-value ratio of cash discount rate in the model. Results show that in the pledge of the known function and cash discount the price change can be calculated to meet enterprise cash flow lending rates and get biggest loan-to-value ratio.
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2010-04-01
... DEVELOPMENT (SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SECTION 202 DIRECT LOAN PROGRAM, SECTION 202 SUPPORTIVE...) SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS PROGRAM FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION Definitions and Other Requirements... of the Department of Agriculture compatible with the Section 8 program; and (4) Financing by tax...
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2010-04-01
... DEVELOPMENT (SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SECTION 202 DIRECT LOAN PROGRAM, SECTION 202 SUPPORTIVE...) SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS PROGRAM FOR SUBSTANTIAL REHABILITATION Definitions and Other... insurance programs under the National Housing Act; and (3) Financing by tax-exmpt bonds or other obligations...
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2010-03-31
...NMFS announces the availability of long-term direct loans made underthe Fisheries Finance Program (FFP). The FFP provides financing for the purchase of used vessels or the reconstruction of vessels (limited to reconstructions that do not add to fishing capacity); refinancing for existing debt obligations; financing or refinancing fisheries shoreside facilities or aquacultural facilities; and the purchase or refinancing of Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) in the North Pacific. FFP loans are not issued for purposes which could contribute to over capitalization of the fishing industry.
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Financing Of Small And Medium-Size Enterprises In Cameroon ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Financing Of Small And Medium-Size Enterprises In Cameroon. ... Available data from the banking sector shows that as much as 78.7% of all ... SMEs and large companies pay back their loans better than the other ... Even the SME loan repayment rate of 62.9% is still low by World Bank ... AJOL African Journals Online.
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7 CFR 1951.881 - Loan servicing.
2010-01-01
... when in conflict with these regulations. The loan is governed by terms of existing legal documents of... accounting records for each intermediary. The Finance Office will: (1) Coordinate with the Administrator or... of the proper accounting procedure. (2) Send monthly statements to the National Office reflecting all...
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Toward Effective Policies for Innovation Financing in Asia | Page 2 ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
Researchers will undertake a comparative study of innovation financing schemes in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. The research will focus on venture capital financing schemes, research and development (R&D) tax incentives, loan and grant programs, capital market rules/regulations, etc. The project will ...
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Corporate fraud and bank loans: Evidence from china
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yunsen Chen
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Receiving punishment from regulators for corporate fraud can affect financing contracts between a firm and its bank, as both the firm’s credit risk and information risk increase after punishment. By focusing on Chinese firms’ borrowing behavior after events of corporate fraud, we find that firms’ bank loans after punishment are not only significantly lower, but are also less than those for non-fraudulent firms. In addition, loan interest rates after punishment are not only higher than before, but also higher than those for their non-fraudulent counterparts. In addition, we find that corporate fraud indirectly destabilizes the “performance-bank loan” relationship. Our results suggest that corporate fraud negatively affects a firm’s ability to source debt financing, which provides new evidence about the economic consequences of fraud.
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FINANCING MECHANISMS OF AGRICULTURE IN ROMANIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
BUMBESCU SORINA SIMONA
2015-03-01
Full Text Available The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of the agriculture financing ways, existing an interdependence relationship between the stage of agriculture development and its funding mechanisms. This article presents in a complex way, the general theoretical framework of the agriculture financing, and the practical methods of agriculture finance from bank loans to European programs and projects, the impact of EU funds on agriculture. The research leads to two important categories of tangible results; on one hand it highlights the most important and used ways to finance the Romanian agriculture, and on the other hand, there is analised the impact of EU funds on rural development, their absorption.
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小企业融资缺口及来源特征分析%Analysis on Financing Gap and Financing Source in Small Businesses
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
蔡真
2012-01-01
According to the investigation of financing gap and financing source of small businesses, we find that the business size and age are typical factors impacting financing of small business.Comparing the current financing source and willingness of small businesses with their start-up period,we can find that the problem of financing difficulty is still serious,although the choices of small businesses' financing expand with their growth age.The analysis on loan's source shows that small business get more proportions of loan from big banks than from small ones for the development of small businesses' loan technology based on "hard information". However,big banks scarcely provide long-term capital for small businesses.%根据对小企业融资缺口和来源特征的调查分析,小企业融资难存在典型的规模和年龄特征。对小企业初创和当前融资来源以及融资意愿的比较发现,尽管伴随企业成长,融资方式的选择有所扩展,但依然存在深度的融资难问题。对贷款来源的分析表明,基于＂硬信息＂的小企业贷款技术的发展,大银行对小企业的融资比例超过小银行,但小企业依然很难从大银行获得长期资金。
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Jianfang Zhou; Jingjing Wang; Jianping Ding
2014-01-01
Purpose-After loan interest rate upper limit deregulation in October 2004,the financing environment in China changed dramatically,and the banks were eligible for risk compensation.The purpose of this paper is to focus on the influence of the loan interest rate librealization on firms' loan maturity structure.Design/methodology/approach-Based on Rajan's (1992) model the authors constructed a tradeoff model of how the banks choose long-term and short-term loans scales,and further analyzed banks' loan term decisions under the loan interest rate upper limit deregulation or collateral cases.Then the authors used an unbalanced panel data set of 586 Chinese listed manufacturing companies and 9,376 observations during the period 1996-2011 to testify the theoretical conclusion.Furthermore,the authors studied the effect on firms with different characteristics of ownership or scale.Findings-The results show that the loan interest rate liberalization significantly decreases the private companies' reliance on short-term loans and increases sensitivity to interest rates of stateowned companies' long-term loans.But the results also show that the companies' ownership still plays a key role on the long-term loans availability.When monetary policy tightened,small companies still have to borrow short-term loans for long-term purposes.As the bank industry is still dominated by state-owned banks and the deposit interest rate has upper limits,the effect of the loan interest rate liberalization on easing long-term credit constraints is limited.Originality/value-From a new perspective,the content and findings of this paper contribute to the study of the effect of the interest rate liberalization on China economy.
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The International Finance Corporation and Forest Loss: A Cross-National Analysis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
John Shandra
2015-08-01
Full Text Available We conduct the first cross-national study to consider the impact of the World Banks International Finance Corporation loans on forests. In doing so, we analyze data for a sample of sixty-one low and middle income nations for the period of 1990 to 2005. We find substantial support for dependency theory that low and middle income nations that receive an International Finance Corporation loan tend to have higher rates of deforestation than low and middle income nations that do not receive such a loan. We also find that other aspects of World Bank lending affect forest loss including structural adjustment and investment lending. We conclude with a discussion of the findings, theoretical implications, methodological implications, policy implications, and possible directions for future research.
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IREDA guidelines for loan assistance
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1992-01-01
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd. (IREDA) is a public sector undertaking of the Government of India. It was established in 1987 and works under Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (DNES). Its functions are to promote, develop and finance new and renewable sources of energy (NRSE). Guidelines for loan assistance from IREDA for different renewable energy sources are given. (M.G.B.)
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Susi Desmaryani
2016-01-01
The problems of SMEs today are generally only able to survive but rarely oriented towards growth and capacity development of the company. One of the problems that hinder the growth of SMEs is financing problems. The government has tried to provide financing assistance in the form of soft loans, one of which is KUPEM, but SMEs do not have the commitment to running the business with loans that have been granted by the government. This study aims to determine the implementation strategy of Peopl...
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7 CFR 1951.230 - Transfer of security and assumption of loans.
2010-01-01
... reflected in Finance Office records. (2) If the loan is evidenced and secured by a bond, procedures will be... of the borrower's counsel and OGC. The interest rate will be the rate currently reflected in Finance... Public Law 103-354 office), and will be added to the basic fee. (ii) Transfer fees will be deposited in...
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Thompson, Kris; Coon, Jill; Handford, Leandrea
2011-01-01
With the move to the doctor of physical therapy (DPT) degree and increasing tuition costs, there is concern about financing entry-level education. The purposes of this study were to identify how students finance their DPT education and to describe the financial impact after graduation. A written survey was used to collect data on financing DPT education, student debt, and the financial impact on graduates. There were 92 subjects who had graduated from one program. Frequencies as well as nonparametric statistics using cross-tabulations and chi-squared statistics were calculated. The response rate was 55%. Of the respondents, 86% had student loans, 66% worked during school, 57% received some family assistance, and 21% had some scholarship support. The amount of monthly loan repayment was not statistically related to the ability to save for a house, the ability to obtain a loan for a house or car, or the decision to have children. Saving for the future (p = 0.016) and lifestyle choices (p = 0.035) were related to the amount of monthly loan repayment. Major sources of funding were student loans, employment income, and/or family assistance. Respondent's ability to save for the future and lifestyle choices were negatively impacted when loan debt increased. Physical therapist education programs should consider offering debt planning and counseling.
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Marlim project finance; 'Project finance' de Marlim
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
D' Almeida, Albino Lopes [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)
2004-07-01
Project Finance is often used worldwide to raise the funds to develop big projects, particularly in the area of power and infra-structure. It is designed to support a singular project and a specific purpose company is created to obtain the financing. The debt payment is secured by the enterprise's cash flow, avoiding real guarantee requirements. The lenders receive the future revenues and the property of the assets to be built. The risks are mitigated by agreements exhaustively negotiated among the parties. One of the most important Project Finances performed in Brazil is the Marlim Project, structured in order to complete the development of the Marlim oil field. This is the biggest Brazilian oil field, producing more than 500,000 barrels a day, almost 35% of the national production. This paper presents the general concepts related to this type of financing and general information about the project, including its structuring, negotiation and closing. The total commitment reaches US$ 1.5 billion obtained in both domestic and international markets through equity, bridge loan, bonds and commercial papers. Its whole life is 10 years, using 2 special purpose companies in its configuration. (author)
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Deitch, Kenneth M.
A National Education Loan Bank (NELB) is proposed as an alternative to existing federal loan programs for education, such as the National Direct Student Loan program and the Guaranteed Student Loan program. The history and structures of these two programs are detailed: financing, costs, insurance arrangements, agencies, volume, and interest rates.…
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
高晨红
2013-01-01
小额信贷机构在促进经济增长、增加就业、推动科技创新等方面具有不可替代的作用。但较之于国外发展较为成熟的经济体，我国的小额信贷机构尚处于探索阶段，信贷资金来源受限难以满足现金需求，融资杠杆率低制约着其资本收益率，这些都限制着我国小额信贷机构的可持续发展。对比国外成功经验，我国应给予小额信贷机构更多政策扶持，提高其融资杠杆率，拓宽其资金来源。%Micro-finance institutions have an irreplaceable role in promoting economic growth, increasing employment, promoting innovation of science and technology etc.. The petty loan companies in recent years the rapid development of our country. But economies compared with foreign mature, micro-finance institutions of China is still in the exploratory stage, the credit limited sources of funding to meet the demands for cash, leverage ratio is low restricted small loan company capital profit rate, these are restricting the sustainable development of China's micro-finance institutions. Micro-finance institutions compared to the foreign successful funding and financing leverage, China should give more policy support, improve the financing lever small loan rate, broaden the sources of funding of small loan companies.
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PENGARUH NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silviana Agustami
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Profitability is one of the essential elements in the process of assessing performance in banking finance. Bank needs to keep its profitability to maintain the continuity of its corporation. In the process of attaining income and making profit, a bank commonly does many efforts. One of them is through offering the credits to the public. However, in fact, credit which becomes the basis to run the company has the risk of failure when the clients/ debtors have to pay the loan back on its deadline/ Non Performing Loan (NPL. The objective of this study is to find out whether NPL influences negatively or not towards the bank profitability. This study employed the basic regression analysis method through linearity and normality tests. The data used is the financial statement of PT. Bank OCBC NISP, Tbk in 2002 until 2010 published by Bank Indonesia. Based on the revealed elaboration and the data analysis about the influence of NPL towards profitability, it can be concluded that the condition of Non-Performing Loan (NPL in PT. Bank OCBC NISP, Tbk is good in general since it is still below the NPL value regulated by Bank Indonesia which is 5%. Meanwhile, the profitability based on the return on assets (ROA in PT. Bank OCBC NISP tends to be below the minimum standard which is 1,5%, but it is classified in high category in the framework of performance determination of banking finance governed by Bank Indonesia. In PT. Bank OCBC NISP, Tbk, Non-Performing Loan (NPL influences negatively towards profitability.
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7 CFR 4280.29 - Supplemental financing required for the Ultimate Recipient Project.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Supplemental financing required for the Ultimate Recipient Project. 4280.29 Section 4280.29 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... AND GRANTS Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant Programs § 4280.29 Supplemental financing...
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The Effect of Micro Enterprise Financing on Farmers Welfare in Abia ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The chow's test revealed a significant difference between the welfare of the farmers with micro loan and those without micro credit. Micro enterprise farmers who obtained micro credit to finance their business had better welfare status that those that did not. Key words: Micro Enterprise, Financing, Welfare, Abia State, ...
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The optimal financing mode in a three-stage supply chain under capital constraint of retailers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhang Yuanyuan
2017-01-01
Full Text Available In real life, there is a problem of capital fracture in some enterprises especially small and medium enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain. In order to research how retailers choose the optimal financing mode, this paper analyzes the double channel and three- stage supply chain under capital constraint of retailers, uses multi-objective nonlinear programming method, constructs the delayed payment financing model and the loan financing model respectively and gives the optimal decentralized decisions of suppliers, manufacturers and retailers under the two modes. The research shows that under the coexistence of the delayed payment financing model and the loan financing model, when the delayed payment rate is equal to the lending rate, if the retailers choose the delayed payment model, then it can not only increase the profits but also improve the market competitiveness and expand the market. This provides certain theory and numerical reference basis for retailers to choose a financing model.
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2011-02-09
... otherwise borrow capital. On occasion, RLFs also make loans to finance public infrastructure. As the loans... information; (c) ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents, including through the use...
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Loans of the European Investment Bank to gaseous plans
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1997-01-01
The European Investment Bank (EIB) has loaned 525 million Ecu (European currency unit) to Portugal to finance in particular the Transgas pipeline construction destined to the natural gas transport. It has also renewed its support to the construction and exploitation of a high pressure pipelines system for the transport and the distribution of natural gas in Greece. At last, it has loaned 180 million Ecu to Poland for the conversion of a worked-out gas deposit into a gas storage. (O.M.)
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Sustainable Development of New Rural Finance in China
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
NIE Yong
2012-01-01
Rural finance is the weakest link in China’s financial system. There are still many problems in the traditional rural finance, such as poor business conditions, imperfectly competitive financial markets, and credit information asymmetry; the phenomenon of farmers’ loans difficulty has not been fundamentally changed. In order to improve the current situation of rural finance, the state proposes to develop new rural finance and innovate upon rural financial system. The new rural finance has many good development advantages, such as adequate information, flexible operation, and good potential quality of the assets. It is necessary to innovate upon financial products and services, establish the purpose of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers, strengthen the supervision of credit, and improve the financial infrastructure construction, so as to achieve sustainable developments.
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77 FR 1955 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2012-01-12
... Product/Purpose: The loan, guarantee, or grant application is to finance building construction and to... Dakota. The NAICS industry code for this enterprise is: 311611 (beef produced in slaughtering plants... grants to finance industrial and business activities in rural areas. The Secretary of Labor must review...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vujović Slavoljub
2014-01-01
Full Text Available This paper researches which of the possible financing models (self-financing, loan, mutual fund, issuing securities and leasing is the most convenient for tourism financing on the grounds of opinions and views of student population. Taking into account that future social and economic development depends on student population, that in every society intellectual endeavor (science and art exists ever since man exists, that the overall progress of mankind is based on the great intellectual endeavor of former civilizations, as well as the fact that Western Serbia has remarkable natural and anthropogenic characteristics suitable for valorization for the purpose of tourism development, the research questions were formulated and the research was performed. The methods used were: analysis, correlation, deduction and induction. Field research has been of the primary importance and it was based on questionnaires, interviews and in-depth interview. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 46001 i br. 47007
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Analysis of Bonds as an Instrument for Financing Mining Investments
Ranosz, Robert
2017-06-01
The purpose of this article is to examine the structure of financing for mining enterprises in the years 2007-2013, with particular emphasis on bonds. The document pays special attention to Polish mining enterprises. The financing structure analysis was based on data collected from financial statements (cash flows) of the largest mining companies in Poland, and their comparison with the results of global mining enterprises pursuant to reports prepared by international advisory firms. The article takes into account capital sources such as: corporate bonds, bank loans and issue of shares. As indicated by the performed analysis, mining enterprises both around the world and in Poland are increasingly eager to take advantage of obtaining business financing from issue of corporate bonds. It should also be recognized that in the analyzed period, both global and Polish mining enterprises deviate from forms of financing such as issue of shares. This may be caused by the fact that the bonds market in Poland is becoming increasingly popular, mainly due to interest rate on bonds being lower in comparison with bank loans. Another reason may be that banks and potential buyers of shares are less eager to finance this type of investment due to a relatively substantial risk acceptable to bondholders.
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13 CFR 307.9 - Revolving Loan Fund Plan.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revolving Loan Fund Plan. 307.9... economic development plan, if applicable, and business development objectives, and shall describe the RLF's financing strategy, policy and portfolio standards. (2) Part II of the Plan titled “Operational Procedures...
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The Relationship between Housing Finance and Macroeconomics Variables in Malaysia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Binti Mohd Shukor Nur Baizura
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Housing finance is one of the factors that contribute in the overall economy growth of the country. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship of housing finance variable and the macroeconomic variables in Malaysia. By adopting time series technique of Vector Auto regression (VAR and Impulse Response to determine the dynamic relationship between the macroeconomic and housing finance variable. The cointegration result shows that there exists a long run relationship between the macroeconomic variable and housing finance variable. The finding from impulse response function indicates that Gross Domestic Product (GDP response positively to the Primary Mortgage Market (PMM, which shows that during the good economy there are more housing loan extends by the banking institution. Meanwhile, interest rate response negatively to Secondary Mortgage Market (SMM, which implies that during the financial crisis, more housing loan sold to the Secondary Mortgage Market as one of the measure by the government to increase liquidity in banking institutions. As a conclusion, there is presence of relationship between the variable which change in one variable will affect the other variable in the long run.
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Simon Johnson; John McMillan; Christopher Woodruff
2002-01-01
Which is the tighter constraint on private sector investment: weak property rights or limited access to external finance? From a survey of new firms in post-communist countries, we find that weak property rights discourage firms from reinvesting their profits, even when bank loans are available. Where property rights are relatively strong, firms reinvest their profits; where they are relatively weak, entrepreneurs do not want to invest from retained earnings.
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An introduction to the mathematics of finance
Pollard, A H
1968-01-01
An Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance provides a simple, nonmathematical introduction to the mathematics of finance. Topics discussed in this book include simple interest; compound interest-annual compounding; annuities-certain; use of compound interest; and sinking funds. The equations of value; compounding more frequently than annually; and contracts at """"flat"""" rates of interest are also deliberated. This text likewise elaborates on the loans repayable by equal annual installments when interest is charged only on the amount of principal from time to time outstanding. Exercis
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Ordering the Preference Hierarchies for Internal Finance, Bank Loans, Bond and Share Issues
Leo de Haan; Jeroen Hinloopen
2002-01-01
We estimate the incremental financing decision for a sample of some 150Dutch companies for the years 1984 through 1997, thereby distinguishinginternal finance and three types of external finance: bank borrowing, bondissues and share issues. First, we estimate a multinomial logit model whichconfirms several predictions of both the static trade-off theory and thepecking-order theory as to the determinants of financing choices. Next, weuse ordered probit models to determine which financing hiera...
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Financing nuclear programmes in developing countries
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
McKenzie, N.C.
1977-01-01
The paper discusses the following topics: The implications for a developing nation's economy of acquiring nuclear plants with the attendant high capital cost but low operating cost; political factors and safeguards provisions; turnkey versus non-turnkey contracts; spreading exchange and other risks through multi-national consortia; maximizing local content; cash flow considerations; availability of aid or other direct government to government loans; packaging of export finance from different countries; downpayments and local costs; Eurodollar markets, bank syndications and bond issues, domestic markets; available security, central bank or government guarantees; special considerations, barter deals, leasing; and finance for the fuel cycle. (author)
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Financing nuclear programmes in developing countries
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
McKenzie, N.C.
1977-01-01
The following topics are discussed: the implications for a developing nation's economy of acquiring nuclear plants with the attendant high capital cost but low operating cost; political factors and safeguards provisions; turnkey versus non-turnkey contracts; spreading exchange and other risks through multi-national consortia; maximising local content; cash flow considerations; availability of aid or other direct government to government loans; packaging of export finance from different countries; downpayments and local costs; eurodollar markets, bank syndications and bond issues, and domestic markets; available security, central bank or government guarantees; special considerations, barter deals, leasing, and finance for the fuel cycle
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In Sickness and in Debt: Do Mounting Medical Bills Predict Payday Loan Debt?
Bickham, Trey; Lim, Younghee
2015-01-01
Cash-strapped families sometimes turn to small, short-term loans with exorbitant fees—payday loans—to cope with mounting medical bills. Given that about three-fourths of payday loan customers are repeat borrowers, consumer advocates and policymakers have increasingly raised voices of concern about the use of payday loans to finance various household expenses, including, among other things, medical bills. The present study hypothesized that increases in medical debt are associated with increases in payday loan debt among a sample of Chapter 7 bankruptcy filers. The results of a multivariate tobit regression analysis showed that medical debt was associated with increased payday loan debt, controlling for various types of debt and other socioeconomic variables. This article concludes with implications of the results for social work policy- and direct-practice.
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75 FR 81145 - Members of Federal Home Loan Banks
2010-12-27
... financial reports must show that it originates or purchases such loans. In theory, an applicant could... context of the home financing policy requirement, the absence of any qualitative standards as to the form... members. With respect to the 10 percent requirement, initial research indicates that, of the approximately...
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LEASING ARRANGEMENTS AS A FORM OF FINANCING BUSINESS ENTITIES IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
DRAGICA ODZAKLIESKA
2015-03-01
Full Text Available In the modern conditions for working, the problems with providing appropriate sources for financing business entities are more emphasized. In fact, the access to the financing sources is one of the limiting factors for the business entities development. If the business entity is able to satisfy completely or on a higher degree its financing needs from its own sources, then it gains significant competitive advantage and possibility for growth, by decreasing the costs for financing and minimizing the risk. But, these sources most often are not sufficient for business financing. In R. Macedonia, most usually used sources for work financing are the bank loans, which is a result mainly to the nonsufficiently developed financial market, and generally, the low degree of the economic development. However, the bank loans are expensive source of financing, which is negatively reflected into the financial result of the business entities. Because of that, the business entities get down to use alternative financing sources, such as: portfolio investments, foreign direct investments, issue of shares and bonds and specific sources of financing ( factoring financing, forfeiting financing, leasing and financing by franchise. In this paper, the accent will be put on the leasing as a specific form for financing the business entities in R. Macedonia. A research for that how much the business entities are acquainted with the advantages of using this financing source, how much the leasing is present as a financing form and if there are limiting factors in its use, will be conducted. At the end, on the basis of the obtained results from the research, some measures and recommendations for higher leasing implementation in the business entities in Republic of Macedonia will be given
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Financing strategy for Indonesian Nuclear Power Project
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Subki, I.M.; Arbie, B.; Adiwardojo; Seotrisnanto, A.Y.
1998-01-01
In anticipation of the introduction in the early 2000s of a nuclear power plant, the Government of Indonesia (GOI), through the National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) , has formulated a Bid Invitation Specification (BIS) in parallel with the completion of the NPP Feasibility Study. This BIS formulation assumed an open international tender for the first unit of the NPP with project financing as a conventional loan. The GOI's recent policy is to minimize government financial support for power development. This paper summarizes a financing strategy for the Indonesian NPP project to make the NPP economically viable, and provides a general discussion on project financing using a conventional approach, Build--Own-Operate (BOO) and a counter-purchase approach. Innovative approaches for financing are still being pursued in order to obtain an optimum solution for investors and owners, to fulfill the Indonesian government's requirements. (author)
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Mukhabarah as Sharia Financing Model in Beef Cattle Farm Entrepise
Asnawi, A.; Amrawaty, A. A.; Nirwana
2018-02-01
Financing constraints on beef cattle farm nowadays have received attention by the government through distributed various assistance programs and program loans through implementing banks. The existing financing schemes are all still conventional yet sharia-based. The purpose of this research is to formulate financing pattern for sharia beef cattle farm. A qualitative and descriptive approach is used to formulate the pattern by considering the profit-sharing practices of the beef cattle farmers. The results of this study have formulated a financing pattern that integrates government, implementing banks, beef cattle farmers group and cooperative as well as breeders as its members. This pattern of financing is very accommodating of local culture that develops in rural communities. It is expected to be an input, especially in formulating a business financing policy Sharia-based beef cattle breeding.
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Financing private power in Eastern Europe
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sen, A.
1993-01-01
Finance is needed for upgrading Eastern Europe's electric power industries. Capacity is not a problem, as all countries have more than adequate capacity in the light of the deep industrial recession. However, much of the capacity is elderly and poorly maintained, so availability is low. Coal fired plant may have electrostatic precipitators, but no desulfurization or de-NO x equipment is present. Price rises in oil and gas imported from Russia have however increased interest in energy efficiency measures. Power generation is mainly coal or lignite based. Commercial banks will be little involved in financing. The best viable sources of large scale financing will be the IBRD, EIB, EBRD, and IFC, among the multilateral investment banks. Loans so far have mainly gone to Poland. The multilateral institutions have great experience in lending to developing countries, but long procurement processes are often involved. Raising finance is inevitably a difficult process. The financing of the Cracow Environmental Project, a model private power venture in Poland is described and discussed, with particular reference to contract, legal and economic problems
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Determinants of Funds Demand and Supply; Deepening Finance Access of Real Estate Investment in China
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lkhagvasuren Togtokhbuyan
2012-11-01
Full Text Available This huge gap between financing needs and the available financing capacity represents major constraints to growth opportunities in business financing, and accords with one of requirements strategy of stimulating real sector financing by mobilizing cheap long term saving. Real estate investment is a capital intensive venture and this implies that firms venturing into this sector need to have a strong capital structure to sustain development. There is high competition amongst the real developers in quest for funds from formal and informal sources to meet their financial needs. Many real Estate firms are experiencing a credit fix. In the recent move by the Peoples Bank of China to clamp down lending in the real estate sector; the People’s bank of China tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates which in effect lead to increased cost of capital. The central government has also encouraged banks to adopt slow lending to real estate projects. According to the People's Bank of China (PBOC, the increase in cumulative loans related to housing projects totaled ¥1.3 trillion ($198 billion in 2011, down 38 percent from 2010, and new loans to the property sector comprised 17.5 percent of total loans in 2011, down from 27 percent in 2010.The remaining prudent alternative is innovation for exploitation of other means of acquiring funds for real estate venture. Real estate investors need to deepen and broaden their options of financing their activities to avoid credit squeeze.
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Structure of financing investments in the energy sector
Kowal Barbara; Ranosz Robert; Sobczyk Wiktoria
2017-01-01
The purpose of this article is to discuss the issues of financing investments in the fuel and energy sector. The manner of financing business activities of every company depends on the decisions made by the management board, which need to take into consideration the effective striving for optimal level of the capital cost. The capital raised by the companies from the aforesaid sector may be in the form of equity or outside capital. This study depicts such sources of capital as bank loans a...
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Determinants of SME Finance: Evidence from Three Central European Countries
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rahman Ashiqur
2017-09-01
Full Text Available This paper explores the determinants of access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs in the context of three Central European countries: Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, and Hungary. The data set of the research is obtained from the BEEPS survey, which is conducted by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. This paper empirically analyses firms not only from the SMEs point of view, but also shows results for micro, small and medium enterprises separately. Additionally, we have analysed the determinants of access to finance for SMEs at each country level for an in-depth understanding of country-level variations in SME financing. The results indicate that micro firms and firms owned and operated by women are experiencing a shortage of credits from banks. On the other hand, we found a positive relationship between the pledge of collateral and access to finance. With respect to the medium firms, we found evidence that innovative firms have a larger amount of credit from banks. The empirical results also suggest that the loan size increases as the interest rates increase in particular for SMEs on the whole and for micro-firms, although the interest rate is in a negative relationship with the loan size in Czech Republic.
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How Law and Institutions Shape Financial Contracts: The Case of Bank Loans
Jun Qian; Philip E. Strahan
2005-01-01
We examine empirically how legal origin, creditor rights, property rights, legal formalism, and financial development affect the design of price and non-price terms of bank loans in almost 60 countries. Our results support the law and finance view that private contracts reflect differences in legal protection of creditors and the enforcement of contracts. Loans made to borrowers in countries where creditors can seize collateral in case of default are more likely to be secured, have longer mat...
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Concentration in corporate bank loans. What do we learn from European comparisons?
Christophe J. Godlewski; Ydriss Ziane
2009-01-01
The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants of creditor concentration in the use of bank loans by firms in a European cross-country framework. We analyze the influence of loan and borrower characteristics but also banking market structure and legal enforcement country-specific variables that are expected to influence the financial and strategic decision relative to the number of bank lenders. We find that firms tend to diversify sources of financing by reducing bank c...
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Safety of Municipal Loan in Ukraine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stetsenko Tetiana V.
2014-03-01
Full Text Available The goal of the article is justification of the necessity of legal regulation of actions of the bodies of local self-government when detecting signs of insolvency. Each stage of municipal loans management is analysed from the point of view of availability of legal rules, which do not allow making municipal loans by territorial communities of the cities with weak financial state or regulate sequence of actions of municipalities in default times. The following results were obtained: majority of legal restrictions in the sphere of local finance management are directed at prevention of ungrounded loans or have the form of sanctions, applied to local bodies, which perform their debt obligations with delay; the state formally controls the process of making municipal loans, avoiding financial responsibility; the national legislation does not contain the mechanism of regulation of actions of territorial communities, which experience difficulties when performing debt obligations. The article proves expediency of adoption of a uniform regulatory-legal act in Ukraine, which would regulate all economic relations connected with making municipal loans. This legal document shall contain a section about actions of the municipality-debtor when signs of default start to appear, announcement of default and declaration of the debtor insolvent (bankrupt. The article recommends the following structure of this section: regulation of the procedure of default announcement avoidance; announcement of default with the pre-trial restoration of the debtor’s solvency; and announcement of default with declaring the debtor bankrupt juridically.
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Innovative Forms of Financing the Creation and Development of Small Business
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yermak Svitlana O.
2017-06-01
Full Text Available For small enterprises, unlike large ones, the issue of fundraising emerges both in the process of their creation, development and current activity. Small enterprises are experiencing quite a high demand for additional sources of financing. The aim of the research is to study innovative forms of financing the creation and development of small enterprises, their advantages and disadvantages. At present in addition to traditional ways of raising capital, such as bank loans or public offering of shares among external investors (IPOs, there exist a number of alternative options. Among them the most common are grants, international programs, loans from international banks and financial institutions, such as EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IFC (International Finance Corporation, NEFCO (Nordic Environment Finance Corporation, KfW (Kreditanstalt f?r Wiederaufbau, fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and angel investment. The article studies in detail the last two ways of financing: their essence, components, positive and negative features, experience of application in Ukraine and the world. The research shows that crowdfunding is suitable for business development at the early stages, that is, for those enterprises that require, for example, to complete prototyping and start mass production of their first product. Business angels can be a good choice for enterprises that already have a permanent customer base and want to grow their business.
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Toward Effective Policies for Innovation Financing in Asia | CRDI ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
The question of how to support innovations and innovative businesses in the ... policies that promote the long-term viability and competitiveness of small and ... of innovation financing schemes in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. ... tax incentives, loan and grant programs, capital market rules/regulations, etc.
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Energy Efficiency Finance Programs: Use Case Analysis to Define Data Needs and Guidelines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Thompson, Peter [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Larsen, Peter [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Kramer, Chris [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Goldman, Charles [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
2014-07-01
There are over 200 energy efficiency loan programs—across 49 U.S. states—administered by utilities, state/local government agencies, or private lenders.1 This distributed model has led to significant variation in program design and implementation practices including how data is collected and used. The challenge of consolidating and aggregating data across independently administered programs has been illustrated by a recent pilot of an open source database for energy efficiency financing program data. This project was led by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), the Investor Confidence Project, the Clean Energy Finance Center (CEFC), and the University of Chicago. This partnership discussed data collection practices with a number of existing energy efficiency loan programs and identified four programs that were suitable and willing to participate in the pilot database (Diamond 2014).2 The partnership collected information related to ~12,000 loans with an aggregate value of ~$100M across the four programs. Of the 95 data fields collected across the four programs, 30 fields were common between two or more programs and only seven data fields were common across all programs. The results of that pilot study illustrate the inconsistencies in current data definition and collection practices among energy efficiency finance programs and may contribute to certain barriers.
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SME Financing in Europe: Cross-Country Determinant of Bank Loan Maturity
Koeter-Kant, J.; Hernandez-Canovas, G.
2011-01-01
This article examines the influence of cross-country differences on bank loan maturity for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using a sample of 3366 SMEs from 19 European countries. It analyses a country's legal and institutional environment while controlling for banking structure, economic
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Assessment of effectiveness of Chinese aid in competence building and financing development in Sudan
Nour S.
2014-01-01
Assessment of effectiveness of Chinese aid in competence building and financing development in Sudan by S. Nour [abstract] This paper discusses the effectiveness of Chinese aid for competence building and financing development in Sudan using new primary data at the micro level. We find that Chinese aid and loans to Sudan caused mixed positive-negative impacts. The positive impact is competence building and providing alternative complementary sources of finance to complement domestic capital a...
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CERN debt to the Pension Fund (Bank loan)
2006-01-01
The Finance Committee is invited to recommend the Council and the Council is invited to approve the taking out of a loan with FORTIS BANK with the purpose of the repayment of the Organization's debt to the Pension Fund, in accordance with the conditions set out in the Annex 2, thereby authorising the CERN Management to sign the Agreement on 23 June 2006.
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2010-07-23
... business venture to acquire land, pay for design and entitlement work, and cover short-term operating... Department of Agriculture to make or guarantee loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities...
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PACE and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zimring, Mark; Fuller, Merrian
2010-03-17
The FHFA regulates Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks (the government-sponsored enterprises - GSEs). On June 18, 2009, James B. Lockhart III, then Director of FHFA, released a letter expressing concern about the negative impact of energy loan tax assessment programs (ELTAPs) - also known as Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs - on both the housing finance system and homeowner program participants. Subsequently, a number of PACE proponents responded to the concerns laid out in the FHFA letter. In early Fall 2009, word circulated that FHFA was planning to follow its June letter with guidance to other agencies, possibly including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, discouraging them from buying loans on properties subject to PACE-type assessment liens. This triggered a second round of stakeholder letters, several of which were addressed to President Obama. On October 18, 2009, the White House, in what some believe was an attempt to obviate the need for FHFA guidance, released a Policy Framework for PACE Financing Programs that outlined best practices guidance for homeowner and lender protection. As of February 2010, FHFA and the GSEs have agreed to monitor PACE programs and work with stakeholders and the Administration to consider additional guidance beyond the Policy Framework and to collect more information on PACE program efficacy and risks. A summary of the communications timeline and highlights of the communications are provided.
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13 CFR 307.15 - Prudent management of Revolving Loan Funds.
2010-01-01
... effect from time to time in the United States and the provisions outlined in OMB Circular A-133 and the... RLF Recipient's financial statements to show the fair market value of an RLF's loan portfolio... doing so compromises the ability of the RLF Recipient to implement its financing strategy. (d) Private...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Leventis, Greg [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Markets and Policy Group; Schiller, Steve [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Markets and Policy Group; Kramer, Chris [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Futures Group; Schwartz, Lisa [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Markets and Policy Group
2017-06-30
The city of Dubuque, Iowa, aimed for a twofer — lower energy costs for public facilities and reduced air emissions. To achieve that goal, the city partnered with the Iowa Economic Development Authority to establish a revolving loan fund to finance energy efficiency and other energy projects at city facilities. But the city needed to understand approaches for financing energy projects to achieve both of their goals in a manner that would not be considered debt — in this case, obligations booked as a liability on the city’s balance sheet. With funding from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Climate Action Champions Initiative, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) provided technical assistance to the city to identify strategies to achieve these goals. Revolving loans use a source of money to fund initial cost-saving projects, such as energy efficiency investments, then use the repayments and interest from these loans to support subsequent projects. Berkeley Lab and the city examined two approaches to explore whether revolving loans could potentially be treated as non-debt: 1) financing arrangements containing a non-appropriation clause and 2) shared savings agreements. This fact sheet discusses both, including considerations that may factor into their treatment as debt from an accounting perspective.
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Determinants Of Rural Agricultural Financing By The United Bank ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This study examined the determinants of rural agricultural financing by the United Bank for Africa (UBA) and the need for extension services in Imo State, Nigeria. Eighty (80) rural farmer loan beneficiaries from the UBA were sampled and administered with structured questionnaire. Results showed that the major significant ...
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Financing for nuclear power in developing countries: Case study of China
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
He Jiachen; Shen Wenquan; Zhang Luqing
2000-01-01
This paper describes the Chinese experience in financing the construction of its nuclear power plants. The key issue was utilization of a specific combination of export credit and commercial loans on both the international and domestic financial market. (author)
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McKillip, Ryan; Ernst, Michael; Ahn, James; Tekian, Ara; Shappell, Eric
2018-04-26
Introduction Resident financial health has been linked to wellness and resiliency, yet financial literacy among residents is highly variable. While some medical school curricula include budgeting and student loan education, content on managing finances as a resident is usually lacking. We sought to quantitatively assess residents' financial circumstances, needs, and interests to inform the design of a resident personal finance curriculum. Methods Surveys were sent to residents in eight specialties at an academic medical center. Likert-type responses allowed respondents to rate their level of comfort (1 = Very Uncomfortable, 7 = Very Comfortable) and interest (1 = Very Uninterested, 7 = Very Interested) in various personal finance topics including budgeting, loan repayment, disability insurance, life insurance, home buying, and retirement planning. Details regarding financial circumstances, including assets, liabilities, and insurance, were also collected. Results of questions that utilized a Likert-type scale are reported as median (interquartile range). Results Of 346 residents surveyed, 144 (41.6%) responded. Residents were from Internal Medicine (56, 38.9%), Pediatrics (34, 23.6%), Emergency Medicine (18, 12.5%), and other specialties (36, 25.0%). Ninety-one (63.2%) reported educational loans, with an average balance of $191,730. Credit card balances exceeding $3,000 were reported by 11 (7.6%) respondents. One-hundred-two (70.1%) reported emergency savings, but only 65 (45.1%) reported having a retirement account (average balance $27,608). Respondents rated highest comfort levels with budgeting (5[4-6]), and lowest level of comfort with disability insurance (2[2-4]) and home buying (2[2-5]). Interest in learning each topic was high (6[5-7]), with retirement planning (6[5-7]), investing (6[5-7]), and home buying (6[5-7]) the topics of highest interest. Conclusion These results highlight the deficits in personal finance literacy among residents. Future work should
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Iroham, Chukwuemeka O; Okagbue, Hilary I; Ogunkoya, Olalekan A; Owolabi, James D
2017-06-01
In this article, two sets of questionnaires were administered to professionals and clients (commercial banks) on their willingness to negotiate the professional fees charged by the Estate Valuers assuming that the mortgage in valuation was financed by bank loan. A range of fees options were provided. Other factors such as the business environment and mortgage valuation can influence the negotiated fees when the data obtained from the survey data is analyzed.
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Debts of Cyprus Households: Lessons from the First Cyprus Survey of Consumer Finances
Michael Haliassos; Christis Hassapis; Alex Karagrigoriou; George Kyriacou; Michalis C. Michael; George Syrichas
2003-01-01
This paper describes participation of Cyprus households in various debts using data from the first (1999) Cyprus Survey of Consumer Finances. It complements our previous paper that described household participation in various types of assets (Haliassos et al., 2001). Debts considered encompass personal unsecured loans, including credit card debt, and loans secured by housing collateral, mainly mortgage debt. Findings are of policy interest, as they show the extent of household participation i...
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2010-01-01
... income; however, interest must be reasonable. The proposal may be denied if Rural Development financing... the loan will be filed against the property securing the Rural Development loan or against project... by the borrower and Rural Development at the time of the advance and the financial position of the...
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Strategies for financing energy projects in East Central Europe
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fortino, S.E. [Texaco Inc., White Plains, NY (United States)
1995-12-01
This paper discusses financing options available for energy (power/steam) projects in East Central Europe. It is intended to be an overview and practical guide to such options in today`s environment. A survey is made of the principal multilateral and other financial institutions providing funding and/or credit support in the region. These include the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the export credit agencies, and the commercial banks. Specific guarantee and other support mechanisms which some of these institutions provide are covered, including the latest developments. In addition to loan financing, potential sources of equity financing are discussed. Next, a description of the credit rating process by such institutions as Standard and Poor`s, and an example of a successful rating effort in the Czech Republic, lead into a discussion of accessing foreign and domestic bond markets to finance energy projects in the region.
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The International Finance Corporation and financing of sustainable energy
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-12-01
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest multilateral source of loan and equity financing for private sector projects in the developing world. IFC participates in an investment only when it can make a special contribution that complements the role of market operators. Since its founding 40 years ago, IFC has provided more than $18.8 billion in financing for 1,706 companies in developing countries. Its share capital is provided by its 170 member countries, which collectively determine its policies and activities. Strong shareholder support and a substantial paid-in capital base have allowed IFC to raise funds for its lending activities through its triple-A rated bond issues in international financial markets. IFC created an Infrastructure Department in 1992 in response to the growing demand for its services in this area. During fiscal 1996 IFC approved 33 projects for new investments of $715 million of which 27% were in the power sector. In recognition of the continuing demand growth for private power investments an expanded Power Department has been formed to handle IFC`s investments in electric power generation projects using renewable resources such as: run-of-the-river hydro, geothermal, biomass cogeneration, wind energy, and solar (photovoltaic, solar thermal, etc.), as well as conventional thermal generation projects, transmission and distribution projects, and energy efficiency investments.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chukwuemeka O. Iroham
2017-06-01
Full Text Available In this article, two sets of questionnaires were administered to professionals and clients (commercial banks on their willingness to negotiate the professional fees charged by the Estate Valuers assuming that the mortgage in valuation was financed by bank loan. A range of fees options were provided. Other factors such as the business environment and mortgage valuation can influence the negotiated fees when the data obtained from the survey data is analyzed.
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Boatman, Angela; Evans, Brent; Soliz, Adela
2016-01-01
Student loans are a crucial aspect of financing a college education for millions of Americans, yet we have surprisingly little empirical evidence concerning individuals' unwillingness to borrow money for educational purposes. This study provides the first large-scale quantitative evidence of levels of loan aversion in the United States. Using…
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Banking financing for SME's : Evidence across countries and bank ownership types
Beck, T.H.L.; Demirgüc-Kunt, A.; Martinez Peria, M.
2011-01-01
Using data for 91 large banks from 45 countries, this paper finds that foreign, domestic private, and government-owned banks use different lending technologies and organizational structures for SME financing. The extent, type, and pricing of SME loans, however, is not strongly correlated with
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Bluestone, Barry; And Others
A proposal written by a group of economists suggests investing a portion of the Social Security surplus in a revolving loan fund designed to enable American students and workers to finance their own post-secondary education, vocational training, or re-training. The plan would make available to every American a line of credit to finance the costs…
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Government-Leading Student Loan Schemes A Comparative Study of Hong Kong and Mainland China
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antonia Jiewei Lu
2014-02-01
Full Text Available Having a careful examination of government-leading student loan schemes in China and Hong Kong, we can find a lot of differences and learn something from these two counterparts which are very typical country or area faced by challenges in financing higher education in the context of transition from elitism to mass higher education. This research attempts to make a comparison of government-leading student loan schemes between Hong Kong and China in the new century. Then emphasis is put on the principles or core values namely efficiency, equity and adequacy, and determining their implications presented in student loan schemes in these two counterparts. Finally, the paper arrives at some recommendations for improvements in them.
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The Borrower's Guide to Financing Solar Energy Systems - A Federal Overview
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eiffert, P.
1999-03-30
This booklet describes authorized lending programs and loan guarantees provided by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and several Federal agencies, including DOE, that consumers and businesses can use to finance solar heat or electric systems and energy efficient mortgages.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andewi Rokhmawati
2017-07-01
Full Text Available To prevent investment growth in 2013 to 2015 from decreasing, the Industrial Ministry provided fiscal incentives to stimulate investment-growth. Nevertheless, the investment growth of manufacturing firms still declined. This condition indicated that fiscal stimulus might be ineffective to prevent investment-growth from declining. The decline of investment might be influenced by the increase of firm financial constraints to access a source of long term debts. This study aimed to examine the influence of financial constraints in moderating the effect of financing decisions from internal financing sources on investment. The population of the study was all listed-manufacturing firms in Indonesia from 2013 to 2015. Samples were chosen based on the availability of firms’ financial report covering the period of the study. The study concluded that financial constraints significantly weaken the effect of internal funding decision on investment. Unconstrained firms had a higher beta than constrained firms. Although unconstrained firms had an opportunity to choose their source of funding, they preferred to finance their investment from cash flows because the cost of debts might be much higher than the cost of equity.Hence, to help firms to finance their feasible investment opportunity, the government should not only provide tax incentives but also provide a low-interest loan.
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76 FR 49477 - Termination of Federal Home Loan Bank Resolution Funding Corporation Obligation
2011-08-10
... FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY [No. 2011-N-08] Termination of Federal Home Loan Bank Resolution... Banks (Banks) have satisfied their statutory obligation to contribute a percentage of their annual net earnings toward the interest payments due on bonds issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation (RefCorp...
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Trade Credit and Access to Finance of Retailers in Ethiopia
Beck, T.H.L.; Hoseini, Mohammad; Uras, Burak
2018-01-01
Using data on 5,500 Ethiopian retailers, we document that there is lower use of trade credit in areas with more access to bank finance. Among firms within an area, however, receiving a bank loan increases the use of trade credit by informal firms, but has no association with trade credit of formal
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Engaging the banks: financing small-scale renewables in the developing world
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Usher, E.; Touhami, M.
2006-01-01
This article reports on the UN Environment Programme's (UNEP's) work in supporting the banking and financing sector by creating clean energy finance markets in developing countries. Details are given of the shifting of cash markets to credit, financing solar home systems in India, solar thermal lending in Tunisia, the financing of hotel based solar water heating in Morocco, and the Green Village Credit initiatives in the Yunnan province of China. The importance of providing banks with information needed to gain awareness and experience of renewable energy systems is stressed. The fundamentals of a bank engagement programme, financial catalysts, structuring market oriented approaches, and linking bank lending to policy making are discussed along with the need to shift to credit enhancements to help banks set up their first loan portfolios
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Engaging the banks: financing small-scale renewables in the developing world
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Usher, E.; Touhami, M.
2006-05-15
This article reports on the UN Environment Programme's (UNEP's) work in supporting the banking and financing sector by creating clean energy finance markets in developing countries. Details are given of the shifting of cash markets to credit, financing solar home systems in India, solar thermal lending in Tunisia, the financing of hotel based solar water heating in Morocco, and the Green Village Credit initiatives in the Yunnan province of China. The importance of providing banks with information needed to gain awareness and experience of renewable energy systems is stressed. The fundamentals of a bank engagement programme, financial catalysts, structuring market oriented approaches, and linking bank lending to policy making are discussed along with the need to shift to credit enhancements to help banks set up their first loan portfolios.
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Alternatives of financing for new nuclear reactors in Mexico
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alonso, A.; Palacios, J.C.; Ramirez, J.R.; Longoria, L.C.; Valle, E. del
2009-01-01
Financing plays a very important role for the deployment of new nuclear reactors units in any country. Two financing alternatives can be used to support such project: the first one is that the utility provide from its own resources the capital for the investment; and the second one through international and national credits to support the nuclear project. To be a loan candidate the viability of the nuclear project must be demonstrated, it implies among other things to have a qualified national infrastructure. Also, the utility must have an international credit record in good status by the international qualifying companies. Both things are met by the Mexican Utility 'Comision Federal de Electricidad', therefore exist the possibility to build new nuclear reactors in Mexico. Here we assess both alternatives financing and own resources projects
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Financing the development of renewable energy projects of territorial interest
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Regnier, Yannick; Bailleul, Esther; Claustre, Raphael; Bessiere, Patrick; Boumard, Erwan; Peulemeulle, Justine; Causse, Laurent; Coton, Patrice; Djemouai, Nadia; Dubus, Jean-Michel; Duffes, Thomas; Gauduchon, Marie-Veronique; Raguet, Alex; Ghewy, Etienne; Heitz, Philippe; Jedliczka, Marc; Jourdain, Pierre; Julien, Emmanuel; Marcenac, Guillaume; Marillier, Frederic; Massias, Louis; Picot, Roland; Poize, Noemie; Quantin, Jacques; Rabian, Jean; Rocaboy, Dominique; Rumolino, Claudio; Sabin, Patrick; Saultier, Patrick; Tincelin-Salomon, Claire; Trillaud, Nicolas; Vachette, Philippe; Verhaeghe, Laure
2016-11-01
This report highlights the relationship between a territorial project (its autonomous strategy) and projects of renewable energy which could and should be developed. It focuses on large projects of electric power production, notably those based on solar and wind energy for which such a territorial anchoring is not as obvious as for the production of heat or gas (heat networks are necessarily local, and biomass production and supply as well). Thus, its outlines how these projects can be a benefit for a territory, the stakes of participation for the different local actors, and discusses how such a participation is to be organised. It describes different aspects of the way a project development phase is to be financed: stakes (financing needs, risks, peculiarities of local financing, project management and governance), financing typologies, development ease and safety, support of development financing (capital-risk tools, intervention of local public companies, advance payments, subsidies). The last part addresses how to locally finance the other project phases (stakes during construction and exploitation, intervention modes by participation, financial tools or loans)
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Susi Desmaryani
2016-11-01
Full Text Available The problems of SMEs today are generally only able to survive but rarely oriented towards growth and capacity development of the company. One of the problems that hinder the growth of SMEs is financing problems. The government has tried to provide financing assistance in the form of soft loans, one of which is KUPEM, but SMEs do not have the commitment to running the business with loans that have been granted by the government. This study aims to determine the implementation strategy of People Economic Empowerment Business Loan (KUPEM in the Province of Jambi. The research method used was a case study with descriptive research type. The sample consists of 125 respondents. Sampling is conducted in a nonprobability sampling and purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the implementation of KUPEM by the Provincial Government of Jambi through internal analysis indicates the value of the power factor is still below the weakness factor. External analysis of People Economic Empowerment Business Loan still has a big opportunity than a threat factor. Therefore, People Economic Empowerment Business Loan continues because it can help the growth of the community effort by making strategic changes. Result of the study recommend to strengthen internal factors which are the analytical skills of relevant agencies that are trusted to provide recommendations for KUPEM loans, (1 Relevant agencies create mentoring programs to enhance the ability of SMEs actors, (2 Through the relevant agencies forming a group of associations between groups of SMEs, (3 Increasing motivation to make MSMEs business through counseling activity, and improve the competence of field educators, (4 Conduct analysis of the suitability of business in accordance with local conditions (in this case the state of nature, the public taste and the target market.
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Debt financing structure within the state-owned corporations in Kenya
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Micah Odhiambo Nyamita
2015-05-01
Full Text Available The current public sector financial management reforms agenda within the state-owned corporations in Kenya aimed at integrating and aligning their performance to vision 2030, has not yet achieved the traction required. This study, therefore, examined the different types of debt financing strategies applied by the various state-owned corporations in Kenya, in comparison to those applied by state-owned corporations from developed and developing economies. The study specifically revealed that private debt financing, through bank loans and payables is commonly used amongst Kenyan state-owned corporations. While, most state-owned corporations from developed and developing economies, such as in America, Europe, Asia and South Africa, use public debt financing, through financial securities, traded in both domestic and international capital markets.
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42 CFR 417.937 - Loan and loan guarantee provisions.
2010-10-01
... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan and loan guarantee provisions. 417.937 Section... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Administration of Outstanding Loans and Loan Guarantees § 417.937 Loan and loan guarantee provisions. (a) Disbursement of loan proceeds. The principal amount of any loan made or...
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7 CFR 1751.103 - Loan and loan advance requirements.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan and loan advance requirements. 1751.103 Section... Telecommunications Modernization Plan § 1751.103 Loan and loan advance requirements. (a) For information about loan... February 13, 1996, RUS will make RUS hardship loans, RUS cost-of-money loans, and RTB loans for facilities...
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FINANCING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSESTS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
USHA SWAMINATHAN
2016-01-01
Amplifying any property needs assessment to be marketable. This paper reads on the prospects of intangible property especially the Intellectual Property (IP) being evaluated in terms of financing by institutions to progressively grow more by widening their business and to make available advances based on IP. Arrangements engaging in the safety measures of intangible property encompassed and facilitated title-holders of IP privileges to comprise a loan of money as more undemanding and protecte...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Frisari, Gianleo; Stadelmann, Martin
2015-01-01
Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a promising technology for low-carbon energy systems, as combined with thermal storage it can store solar energy as heat, and deliver power more flexibly and when most needed by the grid. However, its high cost prevents its rapid deployment and affects its affordability in emerging economies. International financial institutions (IFIs) have emerged as key players to enable CSP in emerging economies, especially when cooperating with national policymakers. Through the analysis of two CSP plants in India and Morocco where IFIs provided the lion's share of finance, this paper aims to assess the effectiveness of their support and estimate the impact of IFIs financing on electricity production costs and mobilization of private investments. The two case studies show that public financial institutions can play a leading role in reducing the cost of CSP support on public budgets by providing concessional loans in countries where public and/or private finance would be too expensive, or extending maturities where commercial investors are present but poorly suited for project finance. Finally, we show that, combined with competitive tariff setting mechanism (tenders and auctions), public financial support can also be a cost-effective tool to engage private investors in CSP. -- Highlights: •We analyze the financial model of two large-scale concentrated solar power (CSP) plants in two emerging markets (India and Morocco). •We focus on the role of policies and public finance in reducing investment risks and generation costs. •Development banks' concessional loans can reduce the weight of CSP support on public budgets. •Even when non-concessional, development banks' loans can reduce investment costs by extending debt maturities. •Competitive tariff setting mechanisms can ensure cost-effectiveness of public financial support
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Gratton, David G; Aquilino, Steven A
2004-04-01
Interim restorations are a critical component of fixed prosthodontic treatment, biologically and biomechanically. Interim restoration serves an important diagnostic role as a functional and esthetic try-in and as a blueprint for the design of the definitive prosthesis. When selecting materials for any interim restoration, clinicians must consider physical properties, handling properties, patient acceptance, and material cost. Although no single material meets all the requirements and material classification alone of a given product is not a predictor of clinical performance, bis-acryl materials are typically best suited to single-unit restorations, and poly(methylmethacrylate) interim materials are generally ideal for multi-unit, complex, long-term, interim fixed prostheses. As with most dental procedures, the technique used for fabrication has a greater effect on the final result than the specific material chosen.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Marty-Gauquie, H.
1992-01-01
The European Investment Bank (BEI), the world's leading international financing institution, with an annual loans total of 15.3 billion Ecus in 1991, every year finances a number of projects for the treatment of refuse, with energy recovery from waste and heat distribution. This article describes the missions of the BEI and the parameters taken into account for authorizing investment. (author). 2 figs., 2 tabs
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FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO FINANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs OF BANGLADESH
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mohammed CHOWDHURY
2017-12-01
Full Text Available This study addresses the issues that impede SMEs of Bangladesh in obtaining finance from the financial institutions. To accomplish our goals we collected data from a sample of 86 SMEs to investigate the problems and suggest policy recommendations. We collected data by directly interviewing the respondents with the help of a questionnaire for self-guidance. We also used secondary data for this purpose. Findings revealed that the size and age of the firms, education and skills of the owners, and unfavorable credit terms such as high interest rates, lack of collateral security, corruption by bank officials etc. are some of the biggest hurdles that SMEs in Bangladesh face in getting loans from financial institutions. The limitation is that the study has included one city in its sample population. A nationwide study where there are SMEs in large numbers could lead to better results for this kind of study. The implication is that small businesses, as opposed to the larger ones, face funding obstacles and are discriminated by the financial institutions in granting loans. Built on current literatures and research on SMEs, specially in regard to their ability to access finance, this study captures the information relating to problems identified by SMEs in having access to finance and suggesting the ways and means needed for strengthening the SMEs access to finance for their expansion and growth.
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77 FR 31892 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2012-05-30
... the receipt of a ``Certification of Non-Relocation and Market and Capacity Information Report'' (Form... States Department of Agriculture to make or guarantee loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities in rural areas. The Secretary of Labor must review the application for financial assistance for...
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78 FR 37584 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2013-06-21
... the receipt of a ``Certification of Non-Relocation and Market and Capacity Information Report'' (Form... Department of Agriculture to make or guarantee loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities in rural areas. The Secretary of Labor must review the application for financial assistance for the...
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77 FR 22612 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2012-04-16
... the receipt of a ``Certification of Non-Relocation and Market and Capacity Information Report'' (Form... States Department of Agriculture to make or guarantee loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities in rural areas. The Secretary of Labor must review the application for financial assistance for...
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76 FR 32989 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2011-06-07
... real estate and construction of a new location of Buc-ee's (gas station and convenience store), which...: 447110 (gasoline stations with convenience stores). DATES: All interested parties may submit comments in... Department of Agriculture to make or guarantee loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities...
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Shifting the Climate Finance Paradigm: Nine Key Challenges for Developed Countries
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Curtin, Joseph
2013-03-13
In 2009, developed countries committed to part-funding the cost of adapting to the impacts of climate change and of low carbon development in developing countries. From 2010 to 2012, fast start finance began to flow from developed country exchequers. However, the climate finance paradigm is now shifting. A transition from loans and grants provided from scarce exchequer resources to innovative instruments for leveraging private capital and mitigating investment risk is required in the coming period. But what are the implications for developed countries? This policy brief explores the policy context defining the current climate finance debate; examines the extent to which commitments have been met; and identifies nine key challenges for developed countries as they enter the new climate finance paradigm, drawing on the lessons of the fast start finance period. This is the second in a series of Environment Nexus policy briefs by leading experts in the fields of agriculture, energy, climate change and water.
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Loan officers' perceptions concerning earth-sheltered housing: risk, complexity, and advantage
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hanzai-Kashi, A; Combs, E R
1984-01-01
The lack of available financing is a major impediment to the construction of earth-sheltered housing. A broad-based study of lending institutions, this study describes the perceptions of loan officers toward earth-sheltered housing and their perception of their institution's lending policies in terms of their concerns. The survey finds that a majority of the loan officers perceive more stringent terms and larger down payments for earth-sheltered housing because of their concerns for financial risk, complexity, and relative advantage. Methods to reduce the risk and complexity and to increase the relative advantage would involve marketing research, certification and warranty programs, secondary mortgages markets, and other techniques. 8 references, 5 tables.
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Financing Renewable Energy in the European Energy Market
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
De Jager, D.; Klessmann, C.; Stricker, E.; Winkel, T.; De Visser, E.; Koper, M. [Ecofys, Utrecht (Netherlands); Ragwitz, M.; Held, A. [Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe (Germany); Resch, G.; Busch, S.; Panzer, C. [Energy Economics Group EEG, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna (Austria); Gazzo, A.; Roulleau, T.; Gousseland, P.; Henriet, M.; Bouille, A. [Ernst and Young, London (United Kingdom)
2011-01-15
The Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RES) sets the overall target to reach 20% renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in 2020. This target is broken down into binding individual Member State targets. Reaching these targets will require a huge mobilization of investments in renewable energies in the coming decade. In order to improve financing and coordination with a view to the achievement of the 20 % target, Article 23 (7) of the Directive requires the Commission to present an analysis and action plan with a view to: (a) The better use of structural funds and framework programmes; (b) The better and increased use of funds from the European Investment Bank and other public finance institutions; (c) Better access to risk capital; (d) The better coordination of Community and national funding and other forms of support; (e) The better coordination in support of renewable energy initiatives whose success depends on action by actors in several Member States. This report presents the results of the title project. The study provides an up to date and thorough assessment of the costs of renewable energy and the support and financing instruments available for renewable energy R and D, demonstration projects and large-scale deployment. This includes details of each Member State's expenditure (via grants, support schemes, loans etc.) and use of Community funds, including loans of the EIB (European Investment Bank) and the EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development). It also explores the possible instruments for use in the future and constraints in the capital market, which hinder the development of renewable energy. Finally, it develops recommendations for improving financing and support instruments, improving the sector's access to capital, and closing the financing gap for reaching the 2020 targets. The chapters of the report represent separate tasks: (1) Costs of renewable energy
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Financing dengue vaccine introduction in the Americas: challenges and opportunities.
Constenla, Dagna; Clark, Samantha
2016-01-01
Dengue has escalated in the region of the Americas unabated despite major investments in integrated vector control and prevention strategies. An effective and affordable dengue vaccine can play a critical role in reducing the human and economic costs of the disease by preventing millions around the world from getting sick. However, there are considerable challenges on the path towards vaccine introduction. These include lack of sufficient financing tools, absence of capacity within national level decision-making bodies, and demands that new vaccines place on stressed health systems. Various financing models can be used to overcome these challenges including setting up procurement mechanisms, integrating regional and domestic taxes, and setting up low interest multilateral loans. In this paper we review these challenges and opportunities of financing dengue vaccine introduction in the Americas.
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76 FR 32989 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2011-06-07
.../Purpose: The loan, guarantee, or grant application is to obtain financing for infrastructure updates... will be located in Burlington, Iowa. The NAICS industry code for this enterprise is: 311812 (commercial..., Assistant Secretary for Employment and Training. [FR Doc. 2011-13937 Filed 6-6-11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE...
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Do Creditor Rights Increase Employment Risk? Evidence from Loan Covenants
Liang, J. Nellie; Falato, Antonio
2013-01-01
Using a regression discontinuity design, we provide evidence that incentive conflicts between firms and their creditors have a large impact on employees. There are sharp and substantial employment cuts following loan covenant violations, when creditors exercise their ex post control rights. The negative impact of violations on employment is stronger for firms that face more severe agency and financing frictions and those whose employees have weaker bargaining power. Employment cuts following ...
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2003-01-01
The European Investment Bank (EIB) is lending EUR 300 million to finance the final phase of construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN , the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The EIB loan will also help to finance the instrumentation to record and analyse the high-energy particle collisions at the LHC. A loan to enable construction of this major project was foreseen by CERN's governing Council when it approved the LHC in 1996.
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The National Housing Fund, Mortgage Finance and Capital Formation in Nigeria
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
ADETILOYE Kehinde Adekunle
2013-07-01
Full Text Available Mortgage financing is one of the ways by which housing stocks are added and capital formation takes place in an economy. This paper examined the impact of the National Housing Fund (NHF, a government agency, in the process of capital formation in Nigeria. The paper adopted some key variables among which are capital formation, lending rate and capital expenditure and the various aspects of mortgage loans in the economy. The paper employed the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS techniques to measure the impact of the various units. It discovers that the mortgage loan generally is significant and insurance companies advances for mortgage is also significant while the National Housing Fund (NHF is not significant. This is however due to many problems bedevilling the Fund. The paper recommends among others, the deepening of the mortgage finance market, further assistance to the help to the National Housing Fund and while the government incentivises the firms involved in lending on mortgage fiscally to improve performance and capital stocks in the economy.
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76 FR 21041 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program
2011-04-14
..., equipment and start-up costs of a cooperative based full-service retail grocery store that will carry mostly... convenience) stores). DATES: All interested parties may submit comments in writing no later than April 28... loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities in rural areas. The Secretary of Labor...
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SURVEY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY BALANCE IN LOAN MARKETS: CENTRAL BANK'S EXPERIENCE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. Naumenkova
2014-09-01
Full Text Available This article examines the existing Bank Lending Survey (BLS approaches to the assessment of the non-price lending conditions' impact on the credit market balance. BLS responses provided domestic central banks an early and reliable signal about the deterioration of financing conditions and the financial access. The monitoring pattern stipulate by using the core indicators: net percentage, diffusion index, Bank Lending Tightness (BLT. The priority tasks for National Bank of Ukraine for Bank Lending Survey were put forward by author. Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey (SLOOS on Bank Lending Practices address changes in the supply of, and demand for, bank loans to businesses and households over the past months.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Junker, H.J.
1990-01-01
The energy industry in the European Community is outlined in brief in the first section. It includes a description of the structure and organization of the various companies operating power stations, featuring such keywords as centralized-decentralized and shareholding. The general considerations of the banking sector are then dealt with. From the banker's point of view, the risk factor of a loan depends on whether the load is to be used for the financing of a brand new power station based either on fossil fuels, nuclear power or alternative sources of energy or whether the load is to be used for modernization purposes. In this respect the credit rating of the borrower, including shareholders, profitability, capital investment volume in relation to company size, project risk and methods of furnishing security shall be discussed. Having dealt with these basic questions, the specific factors relating to financing for modernization purposes are examined. A distinction must be made between voluntary and mandatory modernization measures. The assessment of modernization required by law is generally based on whether the mandatory standards an be fulfilled by investing the least possible expenditure. On the other hand, the banker assesses voluntary modernization mainly in light of the resulting effects on the financial standing of the borrower. If satisfactory results are achieved from the examination of these points, the question of security must be considered when evaluating the residual exposure. All considerations culminate in the selection of the appropriate form of financing. In addition to the traditional bank loan and project financing, government support and special forms of financing are also discussed
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bramasto Nugroho
2017-08-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to analyze policy effectiveness of loan for delaying timber harvesting for smallholder private forest business (Pinjaman Tunda Tebang Hutan Rakyat; hereinafter will be referred as PTT-HR. The analysis will be used to provide recommendations for improving PTT-HR scheme included scaling out and scaling up of the scheme for improving economic benefits and supporting smallholder private forest business as well as for strengthening farmer's welfare. Field survey was conducted in October–November 2013 in two districts in Central of Java, Indonesia namely Blora and Wonosobo District as recipient of PTT-HR from Public Service Agency for Forest Development Financing Center (BLU Center of P2H Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that PTT-HR policy has implemented effectively based on evaluation parameter derived from the objectives of policy namely the age of the stands for loan collateral, the capabilities for improving farmer's welfare, utilization of loan, perception of the farmers regarding to the ease of the process and purpose of loan utilization, and the capability of loan repayment. However, this research has not been answered the aspect of PTT-HR policy implementation efficiency
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Financing the UK's renewable energy boom
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lindley, D.
1996-01-01
The opportunity to invest in and operate renewable energy power projects in the United Kingdom is the result of the financial measures established by the Electricity Act 1989, which created the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation. In the three different orders specified so far, approximately 1400 MW (declared net capacity) of contracts have been awarded to schemes generating electricity from wind, hydro, landfill gas, sewage gas, waste combustion and other combustion (using forestry wastes and biomass) schemes. The majority of projects that have become operational so far have been financed either on 'balance sheet' or by a combination of non-recourse or limited recourse project loans and investor equity. In order to fulfil the government's goal to have 1500 MW (declared net capacity) of electricity from renewables by 2000 and a total investment of in excess of 1.5 billion pounds will be required. This paper reviews the terms of the Non Fossil Fuel Obligation, gives details of contracts awarded so far, reviews the financing methods used, summarises the project risk and the means of mitigation and provides case histories of several different renewable energy projects financed in the UK. (author) 11 tabs., 10 refs
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LOANS PROVIDED BY CHINESE GOVERNMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marina SOLOVIOVA
2016-01-01
Full Text Available As external development partners have put on hold their financial support for Moldova, contracting loans from China sparks an increasing interest. Because debates on this topic take place with very little information available, in this article we have made a synthesis of official data disseminated by the Chinese authorities, estimations made by the OECD and other organizations, records from the archive of the National Bank of Moldova, documents from the state register of legal acts, as well as of data published by the press. The results show that, although loans provided by the Chinese government are not an alternative to the loans offered by the IMF and other traditional creditors for budget and balance of payments support, they have a range of peculiar advantages and can be a convenient means of financing projects in the area of energy, industry, and agriculture.
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Romanian SMEs Financing Options:
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ioan E. Nistor
2013-11-01
Full Text Available One of the most pressing problems faced by micro, small and medium sized enterprises (henceforth SMEs in Europe is the access to sufficient funds to sustain their long term growth. Romanian SMEs make no exception. In this context the present paper focuses on analyzing the extent to which external funding sources have contributed to the value added created by the Romanian SMEs between 2007 and 2011.The investigation’s results indicate the existence of a causal link between some forms of external financing (namely bank loans, leasing, factoring, guarantee products and European funds and the value added created by the Romanian micro, small and medium sized enterprises in the aforementioned period.
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PROPOSED CHANGES TO TAX LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA: INTEREST-FREE LOANS AS A TOOLIN ESTATE PLANNING?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. J. Preston
2016-07-01
Full Text Available Estate planning often involves the sale of an asset by an estate planner (the ownerof the asset to aninter vivostrust, as a related family trust. It also often happensthat the buying trust does not have the necessary funds to pay the purchase price.In this situation it is common practice to finance the sale by means of an interest-free loan agreement. The buying trust becomes the owner of the property, whilethe purchase price remains due and payable to the seller, without the loan amountaccruing interest. The result achieved by the estate planner is that potential furthergrowth of the asset soldis shifted to thetrust, resulting in an estate duty benefit forthe seller. The debate surrounding the use of the interest-free loan as an estateplanning tool has been polarised for years with most researchers concluding thatthe interest-free loan remains a useful estate planning tool. Doubts regarding theuse of such agreements and the trust for estate planning have recently neemrenewed. Since 2013, several statements by the different Ministers of Finance, intheir respective budget speeches, indicated that governmentwill propose taxavoidance legislation that will directly impact the taxation of trusts and connectedparties to a trust. This study will focus on the effect which the recent proposedchanges to the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962 might have on the use of interest-freeloans as an estate planning tool. The study is qualitative in nature with documentanalysis at its core. The main aim is to provide more clarity to estate planners inthis regard. The research concludes that the interest-free loan still has someadvantage as an estate planning tool, but if estate planning is done with only taxplanning and tax savings as motivation, that advantagemay disappear.
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13 CFR 307.14 - Revolving Loan Fund semi-annual report and Income and Expense Statement.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revolving Loan Fund semi-annual report and Income and Expense Statement. 307.14 Section 307.14 Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC...) any modifications to the RLF Plan to ensure effective use of the RLF as a strategic financing tool. (c...
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2013-02-06
...: Notice. SUMMARY: This proposed notice would make changes to the loan-to-value (LTV) financing available... Division at 202-708-3055 (this is not a toll-free number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access this number via TTY by calling the toll-free Federal Relay Service at 800-877-8339. Copies...
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12 CFR 201.104 - Eligibility of consumer loans and finance company paper.
2010-01-01
... are acquired by a finance company from a dealer-seller of such homes. (e) The principles stated above..., marketing, and carrying of agricultural products or the breeding, raising, fattening, or marketing of...
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76 FR 78827 - Loan Guaranty Revised Loan Modification Procedures
2011-12-20
... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 38 CFR Part 36 RIN 2900-AN78 Loan Guaranty Revised Loan... amends a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Loan Guaranty regulation related to modification of guaranteed housing loans in default. Specifically, changes are made to requirements related to maximum...
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Bobinaite, V.; Konstantinaviciute, I.
2018-04-01
The paper aims at demonstrating the relevance of financing instruments, their terms and financing strategies in relation to the cost of wind power production and the ability of wind power plant (PP) to participate in the electricity market in Lithuania. The extended approach to the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is applied. The feature of the extended approach lies in considering the lifetime cost and revenue received from the support measures. The research results have substantiated the relevance of financing instruments, their terms and strategies in relation to their impact on the LCOE and competitiveness of wind PP. It has been found that financing of wind PP through the traditional financing instruments (simple shares and bank loans) makes use of venture capital and bonds coming even in the absence of any support. It has been estimated that strategies consisting of different proportions of hard and soft loans, bonds, own and venture capital result in the average LCOE of 5.1-5.7 EURct/kWh (2000 kW), when the expected electricity selling price is 5.4 EURct/kWh. The financing strategies with higher shares of equity could impact by around 6 % higher LCOE compared to the strategies encompassing higher shares of debt. However, seeking to motivate venture capitalists, bond holders or other new financiers entering the wind power sector, support measures (feed-in tariff or investment subsidy) are relevant in case of 250 kW wind PP. It has been estimated that under the unsupported financing strategies, the average LCOE of 250 kW wind PP will be 7.8-8.8 EURct/kWh, but it will reduce by around 50 % if feed-in tariff or 50 % investment subsidy is applied.
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PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF DAN BAGI HASIL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sri Indah Nikensari
2012-08-01
Full Text Available Economic development in Indonesia require funding from many sources. One source of funding is from the Islamic banks in recent years experienced a very rapid expansion, both of the institution and the assets and the distribution of funds. This study aims to look at the link between non-performing financing (NPF (X1 and the profit sharing ratio (X2 to the amount of mudharabah financing (Y in Islamic banks and Islamic business units in Indonesia. But in the process of analysis, because of autocorrelation, then added the other explanatory variables are mudharabah financing at the previous period (X3. The results showed a significant effect of the profit sharing ratio received by the bank (X2, then the mudharabah financing at the previous period (X3 to the mudharabah financing at current period (Y, but the magnitude of the NPF last period had no significant effect to the amount of mudarabah financing at current period. The lack of effect of NPF to the meaninglessness of financing was indicated that the handling of non-performing loans (NPF used rescheduling and reconditioning scheme and financing into qordhul hasan. Although partially NPF had no significant effect to the financing, but together these three explanatory variables have a significant impact on financing. The coefficient of determination indicates the amount of 0.991, which means that 99% more variation in the mudharabah financing can be explained by the three explanatory variables.
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Financing renewable energy: Obstacles and solutions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Brown, M.H.
1994-06-01
The majority of renewable energy technology projects now being developed use long term project financing to raise capital. The financial community scrutinizes renewables more closely than some conventionally fueled electric generation facilities because it perceives renewables as risky and expensive. Renewables pay for this perceived risk through higher interest charges and other more restrictive loan covenants. Risks that are not eliminated in the power sales agreement or through some other means generally result in higher project costs during financing. In part, this situation is a product of the private placement market and project finance process in which renewable energy facilities must function. The project finance process attracts banks and institutional lenders as well as equity investors (often pension funds) who do not want to place their capital at great risk. Energy project finance exists on the basis of a secure revenue stream and a thorough understanding of electric generation technology. Renewables, like all energy projects, operating in uncertain regulatory environments are often difficult to finance. In the uncertain regulatory environment in which renewables now operate, investors and lenders are nervous about challenges to existing contracts between independent power producers and utilities. Challenges to existing contracts could foretell challenges to contracts in the future. Investors and lenders now look to state regulatory environments as an indicator of project risk. Renewable energy technology evolves quickly. Yet, often the information about technological evolution is not available to those who invest in the energy projects. Or, those who have invested in new renewable energy technology in the past have lost money and are nervous about doing so in the future - even though technology may have improved. Inadequate or unfavorable information is a barrier to the development of renewables.
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Financing wind energy projects
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Blom, P.
1996-01-01
Triodos Bank has more than 10 years of experience with developing and financing wind projects in the Netherlands. Over 50 Megawatt has been installed with direct involvement of the bank. The experience is both as a bank and as a venture capital fund. In this contribution the perspective will be more from a venture capital point of view than as a bank. The bank's activities in the wind energy sector started in 1986 by forming a joint venture with an engineering bureau, experienced i wind energy but not yet in developing wind projects. From 1989 onwards the joint venture started to build wind farms, both as a private company and in a joint venture with utilities. The European Investment Bank became involved with a long-term debt finance facility (15 years, fixed interest loan). The main difficulties were long-term commitments from landowners (Dike authorities) and utilities with regard to power contracts. The development got really stuck when utilities refused to pay a fair price anymore. Also, site development became more and more difficult. Even the poor technical performance improved drastically and did not frighten developers and banks too much. (author)
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An Assessment of SMEs’ Financing by Commercial Banks in Zimbabwe
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stanley Sachikonye
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs play a key role in the world economy and contribute significantly to an economy’s output, income and employment. This paper seeks to assess the extent to which Zimbabwe’s commercial banks finance SMEs. Document analysis and an extensive review of the literature was undertaken to contextualize and draw a framework of analysis for the study. The literature shows that SMEs are of great socio-economic importance in developing countries but access to financial services for SMEs in Zimbabwe remains low. Zimbabwe’s economic challenges since 2000 to dollarization in 2009, the informalization of the SME sector, customers’ financial illiteracy and lack of training, lack of collateral security for loans, a high non-performing loans ratio, the lack of understanding of SMEs’ needs by banks, the inaccessibility of banks and the general lack of financial innovation are some of the major reasons for the low level of SME financing. A harmonised approach to policy suggestions for SMEs, lending institutions, the central bank and government to ensure the viability and growth of the SME sector are required and outlined. The research helps to formalize the SME sector considering its attendant benefits to the relevant players in the economy.
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Importance of public warehouse system for financing agribusiness sector
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zakić Vladimir
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the economic viability of the use of warehouse receipts for the storage of wheat and corn, based on the analysis of trends in product prices, storage costs in public warehouses and interest rate of loans against warehouse receipts. Agricultural producers are urged to sell grain at the harvest time when the price of agricultural products is usually lowest, mostly because of their needs for financial sources. Instead of selling products, farmers can store them in the public warehouses and use short-time financing by lending against warehouse receipt with usually lowest interest rate. In following months, farmers can sell products at higher price and repay short-term loan. This study showed that strategy of using public warehouses and postponing the sale of grains after harvest is profitable strategy for agricultural producers.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shukun Wang
2014-04-01
Full Text Available Financial support, agriculture loan and insurance are the main funding modes for the development of agriculture. This study firstly uses software eviews6.0 to make an analysis of the current state of the Trade between Guangxi and CAFTA, and then makes a study of the data of the funds and the trading volume of Guangxi-ASEAN, and comes to the conclusion that the funds involved has an effect on the trade volume. Generally, government fiscal support curbs the trade while the agricultural loan and the agricultural insurance promote it; however, the case in Guangxi seems the opposite. The trade volume is promoted by government financial support while curbed by loan and insurance.
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2013-12-23
... 20, 2014. Communications may be addressed to Federal Housing Finance Agency, (OPAR), [email protected] . Communications to FHFA may be made public and posted without change on the FHFA Web site at... 2011 loan limit reduction was substantively smaller. BILLING CODE 8070-01-P [[Page 77455
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Ecuador's energy policy mix: Development versus conservation and nationalism with Chinese loans
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Escribano, Gonzalo
2013-01-01
Ecuador's energy policy faces a complex variety of political and economic objectives that are difficult to reconcile in a consistent manner. Ecuador is a small oil producer and exporter with significant renewable (mainly hydropower) resources, hosting some of the richest biodiversity areas in the world, part of which are inhabited by so far indigenous un-contacted people. Being a developing country, tensions arise between conservation aims and development imperatives, as well as between resource nationalism and much-needed foreign financing. However, the really limiting factor for the country's energy development seems to be its constraints in financing the government's development and redistributive policies. Resorting to Chinese loans-for-oil may be part of the solution in the short term, but it does not substitute for a more consistent energy policy. Ecuador's case illustrates the dilemmas of energy policy in natural resource-rich developing countries when confronted with diverging political economy, social, environmental and macro-financial goals. - Highlights: ► Ecuador's energy policy lacks coherence and is plagued with inconsistencies. ► Its three main drivers are development, conservation and resource nationalism. ► Fulfilling President Correa's social agenda requires increasing oil production. ► Conservation demands have been subjected to developmental imperatives. ► Chinese loans and investments limit resource nationalism and favour pragmatism
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rainer Goehring; Martin Beverungen; Phil Smith
2006-01-01
The contract for the design, construction and commissioning (turn-key) of an interim spent fuel store facility (ISFSF) has been awarded to a Consortium of GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklear Service and RWE NUKEM GmbH under the lead of RWE NUKEM. The contract was signed on the 12.01.2005. The Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility (ISFSF) is financed by the Ignalina Decommissioning Support Fund which is managed by EBRD. All spent fuel assemblies, currently stored in the spent fuel pits at the reactors plus future arising (about 18000 in total) will be loaded in the CONSTOR R RBMK1500/M2 containers, which are stored in the new facility. The initial contract has been awarded for 3500 spent fuel assemblies. (authors)
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Ethnical discrimination in Europe: Field evidence from the finance industry.
Stefan, Matthias; Holzmeister, Felix; Müllauer, Alexander; Kirchler, Michael
2018-01-01
The integration of ethnical minorities has been a hotly discussed topic in the political, societal, and economic debate. Persistent discrimination of ethnical minorities can hinder successful integration. Given that unequal access to investment and financing opportunities can cause social and economic disparities due to inferior economic prospects, we conducted a field experiment on ethnical discrimination in the finance sector with 1,218 banks in seven European countries. We contacted banks via e-mail, either with domestic or Arabic sounding names, asking for contact details only. We find pronounced discrimination in terms of a substantially lower response rate to e-mails from Arabic senders. Remarkably, the observed discrimination effect is robust for loan- and investment-related requests, across rural and urban locations of banks, and across countries.
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75 FR 53007 - Gulf Opportunity Pilot Loan Program (GO Loan Pilot)
2010-08-30
... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Gulf Opportunity Pilot Loan Program (GO Loan Pilot) AGENCY: U.S...'s GO Loan Pilot until September 30, 2011. Due to the scope and magnitude of the devastation to... streamlined and centralized loan processing available through the GO Loan Pilot to small businesses in the...
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75 FR 66699 - Farm Loan Programs Loan Making Activities; Correction
2010-10-29
... Loan Programs Loan Making Activities; Correction AGENCY: Farm Service Agency, USDA. ACTION: Proposed rule; correction. SUMMARY: This document contains a correction to the proposed rule titled ``Farm Loan Programs Loan Making Activities'' that was published September 23, 2010. The Farm Service Agency (FSA) is...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bolinger, Mark A; Bolinger, Mark
2008-02-01
Readily accessible credit has often been cited as a necessary ingredient to open up the market for residential photovoltaic (PV) systems. Though financing does not reduce the high up-front cost of PV, by spreading that cost over some portion of the system's life, financing can certainly make PV systems more affordable. As a result, a number of states have, in the past, set up special residential loan programs targeting the installation of renewable energy systems and/or energy efficiency improvements, and often featuring low interest rates, longer terms, and no-hassle application requirements. Historically, these loan programs have met with mixed success (particularly for PV), for a variety of reasons, including: (1) historical lack of homeowner interest in PV, (2) lack of program awareness, (3) reduced appeal in a low-interest-rate environment, and (4) a tendency for early PV adopters to be wealthy, and not in need of financing. Although some of these barriers have begun to fade--most notably, homeowner interest in PV has grown in some states, particularly those that offer solar rebates--the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) introduced one additional roadblock to the success of low-interest PV loan programs: a residential solar investment tax credit (ITC), subject to the Federal government's 'anti-double-dipping' rules. Specifically, the residential solar ITC--equal to 30% of the system's tax basis, capped at $2000--will be reduced or offset if the system also benefits from what is known as 'subsidized energy financing', which is likely to include most government-sponsored low-interest loan programs. Within this context, it has been interesting to note the recent flurry of announcements from several U.S cities concerning a new type of PV financing program. Led by the City of Berkeley, California, these cities propose to offer their residents the ability to finance the installation of a PV system using
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2011-04-18
....37 billion in loan guarantees to support the financing of the ISEGS project. The conditional... operation of this project were analyzed in the Proposed California Desert Conservation Area Plan Amendment... comments, which BLM incorporated. DOE determined that the project analyzed in the Final EIS was...
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The Effects of Financing on Enterprise Performance
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nicoleta BARBUTA-MISU
2010-08-01
Full Text Available In this paper we are proposing to approach a theme very topical in our country: choose of the most profitable and comfortable sources of financing. The major objective of research in this work is the foundation of essential decisions in the enterprise activitythat faces one of the most pressing problems: the search for a reliable source of funding. This foundation is based on the compared calculation to a series of financial indicators. Also, we are reflecting the impact of the operational leasing compared to the banking credit on the enterprise's financial situation, assessing the financial indicators, static and in dynamics by discounting of the financial flows generated, and choice of financing source considered the best and most advantageous to the enterprise “SCENT”. In theend of the paper are presented synthetic the main conclusions drawn from the analysis, related on operational leasing and its benefits and limits compared with the banking loan.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adela IONESCU
2014-05-01
Full Text Available A loan is probably the most important financial decision we make in life. In a time when lack of time affects us in every way, including financially, we can only appeal to specialists if we want fast, reliable and quality long-term services. „The notion of “creditor” includes all legal entities, branches of credit institution and nonbankingfinancial institutions that operate in Romania and grant or undertake to grant loans in itscommercial of professional activity”. In the case of loans, the "specialist" has been called loan broker. Loan broker is a person trained in intermediating bank loans who offers advice on choosing the best financial solutions for each client. Through partnerships with banks in Romania, the broker has access to their credit products and assist customers in choosing the loan that best suits their financial needs and possibilities. Moreover, the broker will help in preparing loan application to be submitted to the bank and pursue it to its completion. Loan broker can be defined as the person authorized by the bank or non-bank financial institutions to promote their products through direct contact with natural or legal persons wishing to contract a loan, without any of the parties to have exclusivity. There can be defined as an independent bank or non-bank financial institution, as an intermediary between customers and banks. Through its financial advisors , the company helps customers overcome the difficulty of understanding the credit products, difficulties arising from the multitude of factors that compose such a product, especially in the case of a housing loan or mortgage. Each financial institution is doing everything possible through such partnerships to attract the largest possible portfolio of clients, therefore is developing a real network of brokers to be partners for local or national level (depending on the sites coverage of the branches of each institution on one or more types of credit products. The
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Jallade, Jean-Pierre
The student loan program run by the Instituto Colombiano de Credito Educativo y Estudios Tecnicos en el Exterior (ICETEX) has three main objectives: to increase the country's supply of highly skilled manpower, to achieve more equality of educational opportunity, and to provide a meaningful source of finance for higher education. An analysis of…
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Europe vs. the U.S. A New Look at the Syndicated Loan Pricing Puzzle
Burietz, Aurore; Oosterlinck, Kim; Szafarz, Ariane
2017-01-01
According to the syndicated loan pricing puzzle (Carey and Nini, Journal of Finance, 2007) interest rates charged to corporate borrowers are lower in Europe than in the U.S. Our investigation suggests that controlling for region-specific credit ratings makes the Europe-U.S. gap insignificant, and solves the puzzle. We speculate that the puzzle originates from the lack of uniformity of accounting standards.
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"Lines of Credit and Relationship Lending in Small Firm Finance"
Allen N. Berger; Gregory E. Udell
1994-01-01
This paper examines the role of relationship lending using a data set on small firm finance. The abilities to acquire private information over time about borrower quality and to use this information in designing debt contracts largely define the unique nature of commercial banking. Recently, a theoretical literature on relationship lending has appeared which provides predictions about how loan interest rates evolve over the course of a bank-borrower relationship. The study focuses on small, m...
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76 FR 27986 - Funding for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan Programs
2011-05-13
... for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan Programs AGENCY: Farm Service Agency, USDA. ACTION... or guaranteed loan applications for the Conservation Loan (CL) Program because of lack of program... provisions to the existing direct and guaranteed loan regulations found in 7 CFR parts 761, 762, 764, 765...
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77 FR 13530 - Funding for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan Programs
2012-03-07
... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Farm Service Agency Funding for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan... Service Agency (FSA) now has funding for and is accepting guaranteed loan applications for the Conservation Loan (CL) Program. Due to a lack of program funding for direct CLs, direct loan applications are...
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The EPSA Project Finance Mapping Tool
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hadley, Stanton W. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Chinthavali, Supriya [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
2016-07-01
The Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office of DOE has requested a tool to compare the impact of various Federal policies on the financial viability of generation resources across the country. Policy options could include production tax credits, investment tax credits, solar renewable energy credits, tax abatement, accelerated depreciation, tax-free loans, and others. The tool would model the finances of projects in all fifty states, and possibly other geographic units like utility service territories and RTO/ISO territories. The tool would consider the facility s cost, financing, production, and revenues under different capital and market structures to determine things like levelized cost of energy, return on equity, and cost impacts on others (e.g., load-serving entities, society.) The tool would compare the cost and value of the facility to the local regional alternatives to determine how and where policy levers may provide sufficient incremental value to motivate investment. The results will be displayed through a purpose-built visualization that maps geographic variations and shows associated figures and tables.
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75 FR 56487 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC
2010-09-16
...-AC62 Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration. ACTION... authority to purchase from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation loans to farmers, ranchers, producers... Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation loans to farmers, ranchers, producers or harvesters of aquatic...
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Enhancing Cooperative Loan Scheme Through Automated Loan ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
2013-03-01
Mar 1, 2013 ... Financial transactions through manual system of operation .... Integrated Financial Accounting. The accounting processes for loans are supported within Loans ... principal and interest, and print checks, payment receipts, or ...
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of micro and macro aspects of agricultural finance
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Veselinović Branislav
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The epicenter of this analysis is to provide an overview of the current situation in micro and macro agricultural finance in Serbia and the EU. One of the goals of this research is to consider the weaknesses and potentials of agricultural policy in Serbia, through comparison with more developed countries. In this qualitative and quantitative analysis, authors used comparation method, analysis and synthesis method, inductive and deductive method, and a local and international literature review. There are several important conclusions which can be drawn from this manuscript. Access to finance among farmers and agricultural SMEs is among the poorest of any sector in Serbia. The Serbian financial sector offers a poor range of loan products to the agricultural sector. Therefore, existing mechanisms for micro and macro agricultural finance in Serbia are not adequate and a change should be made in approach.
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2013-02-28
... Telecommunications Company Limited. Guarantor(s): N/A. Description of Items Being Exported: To finance the... EXPORT-IMPORT BANK [Public Notice 2013-0015] Application for Final Commitment for a Long-Term Loan... States. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This Notice is to inform the public, in accordance with Section 3(c)(10...
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Ethnical discrimination in Europe: Field evidence from the finance industry
Stefan, Matthias; Holzmeister, Felix; Müllauer, Alexander
2018-01-01
The integration of ethnical minorities has been a hotly discussed topic in the political, societal, and economic debate. Persistent discrimination of ethnical minorities can hinder successful integration. Given that unequal access to investment and financing opportunities can cause social and economic disparities due to inferior economic prospects, we conducted a field experiment on ethnical discrimination in the finance sector with 1,218 banks in seven European countries. We contacted banks via e-mail, either with domestic or Arabic sounding names, asking for contact details only. We find pronounced discrimination in terms of a substantially lower response rate to e-mails from Arabic senders. Remarkably, the observed discrimination effect is robust for loan- and investment-related requests, across rural and urban locations of banks, and across countries. PMID:29377964
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76 FR 60960 - Gulf Opportunity Pilot Loan Program (GO Loan Pilot)
2011-09-30
... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Gulf Opportunity Pilot Loan Program (GO Loan Pilot) AGENCY: U.S.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the extension of SBA's GO Loan Pilot, with modifications, until December 31... processing available through the GO Loan Pilot to small businesses in the eligible parishes/counties through...
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Bank Systemic Risk-Taking and Loan Pricing : Evidence from Syndicated Loans
Gong, D.
2014-01-01
In this paper we document evidence of systemic risk taking from syndicated loan pricing. Using U.S. syndicated loan data, we find that the borrower's idiosyncratic risk is positively priced whereas systematic risk is negatively related to loan spreads, controlling for firm, loan and bank specific
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Student Loans Driving You Crazy? A Borrower's Guide to Direct Consolidation Loans.
Office of Federal Student Aid (ED), Washington, DC.
This booklet describes the Direct Consolidation Loan program students can use to combine one or more student loans into a new loan. Things to consider before seeking a consolidation loan are outlined. Direct consolidation loans offer a number of advantages; they are free, result in one lender and one monthly payment, and offer flexible repayment…
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76 FR 30246 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC
2011-05-25
... FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 614 RIN 3052-AC62 Loan Policies and Operations; Loan... Administration (FCA or we) issues this final rule to amend its regulations on loan policies and operations. This... purchase from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) loans to farmers, ranchers, producers or...
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NEW ATTRACTION MECHANISM OF INVESTMENT RESOURCES FOR FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. S. Popkova
2013-01-01
Full Text Available The paper analyzes revenue-yielding bonds as an efficient tool of governmental and municipal management. Conditions required for issue of security papers have considered in the paper. The paper describes main stages of the infrastructure bonded loan implementation. The global experience in financing construction and upgrading of infrastructure facilities through the bond issue has been investigated in the paper. The contains an analysis of risks while executing infrastructure projects and proposes methods for their minimization.
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Cost and ways of financing of the geological disposal of radioactive waste
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Venet, P.; Baetsle, L.H.; Barthoux, A.; Engelmann, H.J.
1986-01-01
In the paper, the costs of geological disposal of radioactive waste are initially evaluated for a certain number of representative cases of present tendencies in the European Community. These expenses comprise research, development and site validation costs, transport and interim storage costs and finally expenditure relating to various investment and exploitation phases of the disposal site as well as its closure. The possible ways of financing are subsequently reviewed and the financial charges which resulted are calculated for each considered scenario. (author)
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Hydropower projects financing through the public private partnership a future powered by hydro
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Oprea, Traian; Teleanu, Mihai; Dobrescu, Dan
2004-01-01
/////In the frame of economy type that characterized Romania before 1990, the infrastructure and public utilities development, from which the hydropower sector is integral part, was ensured from public funds. The power generation belongs to the public services, which make profits on an average or long terms, in the benefit of the society. The demand for these services is increasing because of both economical increasing and the private sector weight in economy increasing. But, the quality increasing of these services needs investments, that is access to the long-term loans. Romanian banks are not prepared for long-run loans, and the international agencies don't have sufficient investment funds for all necessary projects. One of the options is or, could be, the transfer of entirely responsibility for infrastructure in the private sector hands, but this is not feasible in many cases. For this reason the government can choose a middle way realizing a private public partnership for solving the problem of the investment funds. In a general manner, this scenario consists in the fact of appealing to the private sector to finance, build and operate, for a limited period, an infrastructure, power or tourism project, necessary to the development. The impact zone between the public sector interest and private sector interest defined the concept of 'private public partnership' in its multiple alternatives (BOT, BOO, BOOT, ROT, etc.). The first official mentioning of a project in private public development under the name of BOOT 'Build, Own, Operate, Transfer' has been used in Turkey, in 1984, by the prime-minister ever since, Turgut Ozal, as part of a huge development program through the privatization in the power sector, infrastructure and tourism. The 'private public partnership' concept was studied and promoted, beginning with '95 years by the European Community too, with the view of this financing model utilization to the infrastructure projects development. One of the most
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78 FR 64294 - Loan Guaranty: Mandatory Electronic Delivery of Loan Files for Review
2013-10-28
... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS Loan Guaranty: Mandatory Electronic Delivery of Loan Files for... Affairs (VA) Loan Guaranty Service (LGY) announces a new policy with regard to lender submission of VA- guaranteed closed loan files for review. Currently, lenders can submit loan files selected for review by LGY...
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SMES' SECTOR ACCESS TO FINANCE: AN OVERVIEW
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Roman Angela
2011-07-01
availability and even lack of statistical data regarding the SMEs financing situation from various countries, including Romania, impose certain limits to the researches in the field, which can be overcome as policy makers realize the vital importance of developing and monitoring specific indicators regarding the financing of this type of enterprises, such as the share of loans granted to SMEs, based on their size, experience and sectors of activity, that would be useful for public authorities, creditors and investors.
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Feeg, Veronica D; Mancino, Diane J
2014-01-01
The purpose of this study is to describe nursing student loan debt and financial choices from a secondary analysis of the National Student Nurses Association Annual New Graduate Survey. The findings in the secondary analysis show loan debt incurred by nursing students comparable to loan debt reported recently for all new college graduates in general. However, comparing types of programs and types of schools yielded clear variations. More than one-third of new graduates who reported having loans to repay were unemployed; more than one-quarter of those who worked part-time and one-quarter of those who worked full-time to finance their education were unemployed; and almost one-third of students whose parents had paid for their education were unemployed. New graduates from for-profit schools were more likely to report they had accumulated high debt to pay for school than all new graduates combined. Nursing students enter the job market with substantial financial debt that may impact their future. Educators and policymakers need to address these growing concerns to sustain a healthy supply of nurses.
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Solar Stimulus: Perceptions of banks and credit unions towards solar loans in Massachusetts
Bahirwani, Suveer
Access to finance for residential solar photovoltaic systems (PV) is an essential element of the clean energy economy. Perceptions about solar PV and solar loans among lenders at banks and credit unions shape the availability of lending products for residential solar PV. In March 2015, interviews were carried out among select informants and subsequently, between April and May 2015, a survey was conducted to gauge the perceptions of lenders in Massachusetts. Lenders have a range of concerns with the market and the provision of solar loans. These concerns can be grouped around risk, market size or viability and policy uncertainty. In summary, lending for this segment is not a priority for banks and credit unions in Massachusetts at this time. Recommendations are offered for the lending community and policymakers to improve adoption. Questions for further research are also presented.
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A model of the demand for Islamic banks debt-based financing instrument
Jusoh, Mansor; Khalid, Norlin
2013-04-01
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the demand for debt-based financing instruments of the Islamic banks. Debt-based financing, such as through baibithamanajil and al-murabahah, is by far the most prominent of the Islamic bank financing and yet it has been largely ignored in Islamic economics literature. Most studies instead have been focusing on equity-based financing of al-mudharabah and al-musyarakah. Islamic bank offers debt-based financing through various instruments derived under the principle of exchange (ukud al-mu'awadhat) or more specifically, the contract of deferred sale. Under such arrangement, Islamic debt is created when goods are purchased and the payments are deferred. Thus, unlike debt of the conventional bank which is a form of financial loan contract to facilitate demand for liquid assets, this Islamic debt is created in response to the demand to purchase goods by deferred payment. In this paper we set an analytical framework that is based on an infinitely lived representative agent model (ILRA model) to analyze the demand for goods to be purchased by deferred payment. The resulting demand will then be used to derive the demand for Islamic debt. We also investigate theoretically, factors that may have an impact on the demand for Islamic debt.
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On the Path to SunShot: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in Financing Solar
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Feldman, David [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Bolinger, Mark [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
2016-05-01
This report analyzes solar financing strategies and their role in achieving the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot goals. Financing is critical to solar deployment, because the costs of solar technologies are paid up front, while their benefits are realized over decades. Solar financing has been shaped by government solar incentives, particularly federal tax incentives, which have spawned complex tax-equity structures that monetize tax benefits for project sponsors who otherwise could not use them efficiently. Although these structures have helped expand solar deployment, they are relatively costly and inefficient. This has spurred solar stakeholders to develop lower-cost financing solutions such as securitization of solar project portfolios, solar-specific loan products, and methods for incorporating residential solar's value into home values. To move solar further toward an unsubsidized SunShot future, additional financial innovation must occur. Development of a larger, more mature U.S. solar industry will likely increase financial transparency and investor confidence, which in turn will enable simpler, lower-cost financing methods. Utility-scale solar might be financed more like conventional generation assets are today, non-residential solar might be financed more like a new roof, and residential solar might be financed more like an expensive appliance. Assuming a constant, SunShot-level installed photovoltaic (PV) system price, such financing innovations could reduce PV's levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by an estimated 25%-50% compared with historical financing approaches. These results suggest that financing can adapt to changing conditions and might ease the transition away from a reliance on tax incentives while driving solar's LCOE toward the SunShot goals.
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On the Path to SunShot - Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in Financing Solar
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Feldham, David [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Bolinger, Mark [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
2016-05-01
Financial innovations—independent of technology-cost improvements—could cut the cost of solar energy to customers and businesses by 30%–60% (see Feldman and Bolinger 2016). Financing is critical to solar deployment, because the costs of solar technologies are paid up front, while their benefits are realized over decades. Solar financing has been shaped by the government incentives designed to accelerate solar deployment. This is particularly true for federal tax incentives, which have spawned complex tax-equity structures that monetize tax benefits for project sponsors who otherwise could not use them efficiently. Although these structures have helped expand solar deployment, they are relatively costly and inefficient. This has spurred solar stakeholders to develop lower-cost financing solutions such as securitization of solar project portfolios, solar-specific loan products, and methods for incorporating residential PV’s value into home values. To move solar further toward an unsubsidized SunShot future, additional financial innovation must occur. Development of a larger, more mature U.S. solar industry will likely increase financial transparency and investor confidence, which in turn will enable simpler, lower-cost financing methods. Utility-scale solar might be financed more like conventional generation assets are today, non-residential solar might be financed more like a new roof, and residential solar might be financed more like an expensive appliance. Assuming a constant, SunShot-level installed PV system price, such financing innovations could reduce PV’s LCOE by an estimated 30%–60% (depending on the sector) compared with historical financing approaches.
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1983-09-21
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) adds a new section to regulations for making and guaranteeing loans for construction and modernization of hospitals and medical facilities and to regulations for guaranteeing loans for the construction of teaching facilities for health professions personnel. Under these regulations HHS will not approve the modification of the terms of an existing loan guaranteed under Title VI or Title VII of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act if the modification would permit use of the guarantee (or guaranteed loan) as collateral for tax-exempt financing.
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Fenton, A H
1976-07-01
The construction of an interim overdenture using existing removable partial dentures with natural tooth crowns and artificial teeth can be a simple and economical method of providing patients with dentures while tissues heal and teeth are prepared and restored. A more definite prognosis for both the patient and his remaining dentition can be established before the final overdenture is completed. The procedures necessary to provide three types of interim overdentures have been outlined. Patients tolerate this method of changing their dentitions extremely well.
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Does the Student-Loan Burden Weigh into the Decision to Start a Family?
Gicheva, Dora
2011-01-01
I examine the relationship between student debt and the timing of marriage. The life-cycle consumption smoothing model implies that student loans should have a very small effect on consumption at any given point in time and should not affect the timing of family formation. I use the Survey of Consumer Finances to show that the amount of student borrowing is negatively related to the probability of marriage, but the strength of this relationship diminishes with age. I use exogenous variations ...
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Radioactive waste interim storage in Germany
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
2015-12-01
The short summary on the radioactive waste interim storage in Germany covers the following issues: importance of interim storage in the frame of radioactive waste management, responsibilities and regulations, waste forms, storage containers, transport of vitrified high-level radioactive wastes from the reprocessing plants, central interim storage facilities (Gorleben, Ahaus, Nord/Lubmin), local interim storage facilities at nuclear power plant sites, federal state collecting facilities, safety, radiation exposure in Germany.
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Borrow or Serve? An Economic Analysis of Options for Financing a Medical School Education.
Marcu, Mircea I; Kellermann, Arthur L; Hunter, Christine; Curtis, Jerri; Rice, Charles; Wilensky, Gail R
2017-07-01
To understand the long-term economic implications of key pathways for financing a medical school education. The authors calculated the net present value (NPV) of cash flow over a 30-year career for a 2013 matriculant associated with (1) self-financing, (2) federally guaranteed loans, (3) the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, (4) the National Health Service Corps, (5) the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program, and (6) matriculation at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. They calculated the NPV for students pursuing one of four specialties in two cities with divergent tax policies. Borrowers were assumed to have a median level of debt ($180,000), and conservative projections of inflation, discount rates, and income growth were employed. Sensitivity analyses examined different discount and income growth rates, alternative repayment strategies, and various lengths of public-sector service by scholarship recipients. For those wealthy enough to pay cash or fortunate enough to secure a no-strings scholarship, self-financing produced the highest NPV in almost every scenario. Borrowers start practice $300,000 to $400,000 behind their peers who secure a national service scholarship, but those who enter a highly paid specialty, such as orthopedic surgery, overtake their national service counterparts 4 to 11 years after residency. Those in lower-paid specialties take much longer. Borrowers who enter primary care never close the gap. Over time, the value of a medical degree offsets the high up-front cost. Debt avoidance confers substantial economic benefits, particularly for students interested in primary care.
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Federal Student Aid, US Department of Education, 2014
2014-01-01
For those needing a loan to attend college, think federal aid first. Federal student loans usually offer borrowers lower interest rates and have more flexible repayment terms and options than private student loans. This brief report answers the following questions about federal aid: (1) What is a federal student loan?; (2) What is a private…
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Beyond Financial Need: Predictors of Student Loans and Student Loan Attitudes
Norvilitis, Jill M.; Bat, Meghan J.
2016-01-01
Although public concern about student loan debt has been increasing, little research has examined predictors of debt beyond financial need or demographic factors. The present study explored the role of several psychological and attitudinal variables in student loan debt among 189 college students. Results indicate that loan initiative and loan…
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38 CFR 36.4204 - Loan purposes, maximum loan amounts and terms.
2010-07-01
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan purposes, maximum loan amounts and terms. 36.4204 Section 36.4204 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF... constructing a suitable pad for the manufactured home. (e) The maximum permissible loan terms shall not exceed...
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A Canadian loan fund for residential energy efficiency and renewable energy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tampier, M.
2008-01-01
Financing is a major need in the residential sector. Only a few programs in Canada provide low-interest financing for renewable energy. This presentation discussed the leveraging of cheap capital that could be used to enable public and private offers. With financial incentives, the renewable energy market was expected to at least double. A financial incentive fund could be one of several tools to achieve net zero energy housing, and address fuel poverty. A business plan is also required to move closer towards realization. The presentation described a report that outlines similar programs within and outside Canada, and presented estimates on future market size. Key data that was provided in the presentation included market potential; start-up capital for the fund; and average loan size to intermediaries. Next steps were also discussed with particular reference to lobbying the federal government to pick up this idea; having provincial governments and utilities join in this effort; and involvement of industry associations who have a tangible product. 1 fig
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EFFECT OF MICRO FINANCE ON POVERTY REDUCTION OF SMALL SCALE FARMERS OF PAKISTAN
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zaheer Ahmad SAEED
2013-01-01
Full Text Available This study revealed the impact of micro finance with regard to poverty alleviation, employment generation opportunities, upraise in the standards of living of the small farmers of Pakistan along with the access of such finances and their financial cost. Small farmers often rely on the loans and finance from the formal and informal sources of finance. There is low rate of sustainability in the micro finance sector. These schemes remain for a small time period. Another challenge is that there is a need of replicable and scalable model. There is also a requirement of formalization of informal credit source which count for higher. There is high need of reducing the ambiguities in obtaining the credit from these sources. With respect to agriculture, the proportion of finance should be increase with the proportion to its contribution to the economy. The data for this study has been collected through a selfstructured questionnaire and respondents are small farmers who are availing the micro finance facility for any source; informal, formal or semi – informal. The data collected form 150 respondent from Sahiwal and Multan Region. The data has been analyzed through regression and correlation method with the use of SPSS for checking the relationship and impact of micro finance on the living of poor and employment generation. This paper also concluded that the financial cost of such finances is having significant role on the success of such schemes. The research is a contribution to the financial sector to set their focus according to the quality and quantity of micro credit to the agriculture sector.
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Development of a financing model for nuclear fuel cycle cost evaluation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Takahashi, Makoto; Yajima, Masayuki
1984-01-01
It is necessary to evaluate the prices of nuclear fuel pre- and post-processing in order to analyse the costs of the nuclear power generation. Those prices are directly related to the costs of construction and operation of facilities in the nuclear fuel cycle. In this report, we propose a model which evaluates financing of an undertaking that constructs and operates one of the facilities such as uranium enrichment, reprocessing or interim storage of spent fuels. The model is divided into two phases, the construction phase and the operation phase. In the construction phase, it calculates expenses during the facility construction and corresponding financings for each term. In the operation phase, the model refers to the results of the construction phase and performs calculations on profits and losses, cash-flow, and disposition to profits term by according to a certain operation schedule. Using this model, feasibility of the undertaking and effects of various pricing strategies on the nuclear fuel costs can be evaluated by simulations. (author)
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77 FR 51751 - Information Collection Request; Farm Loan Programs, Direct Loan Making
2012-08-27
... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Farm Service Agency Information Collection Request; Farm Loan Programs, Direct Loan Making AGENCY: Farm Service Agency, USDA. ACTION: Notice; request for comments. SUMMARY: In... approved information collection that supports Direct Loan Making programs. The information collection is in...
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Alternative sources of financing entrepreneurial undertakings in agriculture
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Njegomir Vladimir
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Insufficiency of internal financial resources and limited access to external sources of capital, as one of the key problems, local agricultural producers - entrepreneurs usualy describe with high cost of capital, complicated procedures, lack of transparency in regard to the settlement of credit requests and problems with security of loans. The aim of this study is to analyze the possibilities of facilitating access to increased volume of capital for domestic entrepreneurs in agriculture by using funding sources that are applied in developed economies for financing entrepreneurs. In order to achieve the stated aim, the subject of investigation in this paper is the analysis of alternative sources of financing, which use or increased adoption in Serbia would provide greater availability of capital for agricultural producers and others across the chain of agrobusiness complex and thus the promotion of entrepreneurial activity, and consequently, greater competitiveness and greater income of domestic agricultural producers and others across the chain of agrbusiness indirectly leading to increased economic growth and improvement of the welfare.
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Financing the Ranger uranium project
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hodge, S.J.; Miskelly, N.
1983-01-01
Construction of the Ranger uranium project located 230 km east of Darwin in the Northern Territory commenced in January 1979. Energy Resources of Australia Ltd was incorporated in February 1980 to acquire all the rights in the project. The total cost to ERA of these rights was $407 million. In October 1980 ERA'S cash requirements were estimated to be $553 million. Overseas participants (power utilities who had agreed to purchase uranium yellowcake under contract) arranged to take up 25% of the equity capital, Peko-Wallsend Ltd and EZ Industries Ltd were allotted 30.5% each and 14% was issued to Australian residents. The loan and equity financing arrangements required the successful resolution of many complex and interlocking factors, including technical and economic feasibility, agreement with aboriginal interests, compliance with Government policies and securing of sales contracts
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7 CFR 1738.30 - Rural broadband access loans and loan guarantees.
2010-01-01
... interest at a rate set by the lender consistent with the current applicable market rate for a loan of... Derivative or any Guaranteed-Amount Debt Derivative; or (B) Any holder of the Guaranteed Loan Note or any Guaranteed Loan Portion Note or any Derivative, as the case may be, having a claim to payments on the...
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Analysis of Financing Model of Public Rental Construction%公租房建设融资模式研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
吕明革
2014-01-01
The construction of public rental needs much money and usually takes a long time , thus it can not only rely on limited financial investment , so financing becomes a bottleneck restricting the construction of public rental .At present, bank loans and project financing are two main financing models of the public rental , while PPP, REITs and other ways are rarely used .This paper introduces the traditional financing methods , focusing on the PPP and REITs . The paper summarizes the pros and cons of nine financing models and concludes that bank loans , project financing , BT, BOT, PPP, TOT, bonds, public rental REITs and ABS can pave the way for opening up social capital into the field of investment and construction of public rental channel .It is suggested that China raise housing finance though multiple channels , and seek to comply with China's specific situation of public rental financing model .%公租房建设资金需求量大、占用时间长，依靠有限的财政投入难以满足，因此，公租房融资成为制约公租房建设的瓶颈。目前，公租房融资主要使用银行贷款、项目融资等方式，而其他市场化融资方式使用较少。为拓宽公租房融资渠道，应积极引入并大力发展REITs、PPP等模式。其中，REITs模式的市场化程度较高，专业性更强，要求有完善的法律体系作保障；而PPP模式强调在政府引导下引入私人资本，以分担风险和成本。总体来说，REITs、PPP都将是中国公租房融资有益尝试。
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Sewing machines and bank loans, farming and family planning.
Sai, F A; Nsarkoh, J D
1980-03-01
Half of a $10,000 grant was given by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) to finance the rural development project activities of Danfa, a village of about 835 people in Ghana. In this community the women are hard working but doubly disadvantaged. Along with a high illiteracy rate, the women are limited by inadequate income due to underemployment, under productivity, unfavorable farming conditions, and a lack of resources. Large families, frequent pregnancies, poor mother and child health, and high infant mortality all make matters worse for both the rural farm wife and her family. The project began with a nucleus of women that soon grew to between 24-30. Members soon formed small groups according to their occupational interests. The women grasped the self-help idea immediately. Once or twice a month there were demonstrations and the group worked together in such activities as making soap and pomade, preparing meals, and sewing. Meetings generally ended with a general group brainstorming and then members gathered in smaller groups to review their activities and plan for the future. During the 1st year of the project the men in the group rarely attended meetings. The group gave priority attention to their community's urgent need for working capital. 15 women farmers who met the criteria determined by the group received loans in the 1st round; only 8 satisfied the criteria in the 2nd round. At the beginning of the small loans scheme, the group decided to seek bigger loans from the bank if members proved credit worthy. This requirement was satisfied, and the group began negotiations for a loan with the Agricultural Development Bank. The group received the total group loan. The Ghana Home Science Association considers the project to be successful in several respects. Team spirit has developed the group, and the women play important and respected roles. Family planning problems are regularly presented for discussion, but it is difficult to correlate
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McDonough, Patricia; Calderone, Shannon
2010-01-01
In the last forty years, federal and state financial aid policy has fundamentally shifted the way in which students and families finance college costs. Whereas grants once served an important function in equalizing college opportunity, loans are now considered a key lever against escalating postsecondary costs (McPherson and Shapiro, 1998). This…
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 2201.19 Section 2201.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) LOCAL TELEVISION LOAN GUARANTEE BOARD LOCAL TELEVISION LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM-PROGRAM REGULATIONS Loan Guarantees § 2201.19 Loan terms. (a) All Loans...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1990-01-01
When NUEXCO was organized in 1968, its founders conceived of a business based on uranium loans. The concept was relatively straightforward; those who found themselves with excess supplies of uranium would deposit those excesses in NUEXCO's open-quotes bank,close quotes and those who found themselves temporarily short of uranium could borrow from the bank. The borrower would pay interest based on the quantity of uranium borrowed and the duration of the loan, and the bank would collect the interest, deduct its service fee for arranging the loan, and pay the balance to those whose deposits were borrowed. In fact, the original plan was to call the firm Nuclear Bank Corporation, until it was discovered that using the word open-quotes Bankclose quotes in the name would subject the firm to various US banking regulations. Thus, Nuclear Bank Corporation became Nuclear Exchange Corporation, which was later shortened to NUEXCO. Neither the nuclear fuel market nor NUEXCO's business developed quite as its founders had anticipated. From almost the very beginning, the brokerage of uranium purchases and sales became a more significant activity for NUEXCO than arranging uranium loans. Nevertheless, loan transactions have played an important role in the international nuclear fuel market, requiring the development of special knowledge and commercial techniques
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WAYS OF OBTAINING FINANCING BY TOUR OPERATORS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
CARLAN ADRIANA
2015-12-01
Full Text Available domanin.Romania is a country with highly touristic potential that is not exploited to maximum. In order to reach a high quality level of tourism permanent development and modernization are needed and also the establishment of new businesses That conducts other activities other than those which takes place in our country. Ways of getting funds are multiple, depending on individual needs.To develop tourism activities it is necessary to require some funding that can come from various sources: auto-financing, loans from various banks or from third parties and grants offered by the European Union. There are many programs designed to support the development of tourism, such as ROP that allows people to access grants in order to implement projects for the establishment and the development of the activity in the touristic field. The purpose of this article is to highlight funding opportunities for the tourism operators and to assist them in choosing the appropriate form of financing of the current activity or the activity they want to implement in the future and description of how to obtain the necessary funds from various sources.
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5 CFR 1655.14 - Loan payments.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan payments. 1655.14 Section 1655.14 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.14 Loan payments. (a) Loan payments must be made through payroll deduction in accordance with the loan agreement. Once loan...
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7 CFR 1737.92 - Loan documents.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan documents. 1737.92 Section 1737.92 Agriculture... PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO INSURED AND GUARANTEED TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOANS Final Loan Approval Procedures § 1737.92 Loan documents. Following approval of the loan, RUS shall forward the...
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The EIB and the financing of renewable energy sources
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Marty-Gauque, H.
2004-01-01
As a financial institution o the European Union, The European Investment Bank is working and to add substance to the commitments made by the Union and its Member States at Kyoto and subsequently at Johannesburg. Over the last two years, renewable energy sources have attracted funding of more than 1.1 billion from the bank, equivalent to 14% of the total loans granted to the energy sector 7.8 billion), compared to an average o 7.9 % over the previous five years. In order to obviate the detrimental characteristics presented by these investments from a financial viewpoint, in March, 2004 the bank set up a 'CCFF' (Climate Change Financing Facility) of 500 million. Additionally, along with the other financial institutions, the EIB is looking into he possibility of supporting the establishment of European carbon credit trading hubs. Where the economic assessment of these projects is concerned, the bank has decided to take account of external environmental and technological factors when calculating the internal profitability levels for renewable energy projects. Moreover, in order to deal with the problem of who exactly should bear the related risks, the bank is able to offer structured financing. For projects located outside the European Union, venture capital and technical assistance instruments make it possible to promote the emergence of innovative projects. Although we are witnessing the sustained growth of loans from the EIB in this sector, additional efforts still need to be made by the legislature in order to strengthen the framework for such projects including emissions quotas, mechanisms for ensuring the solvency of environmental on-costs and international trading rules adapted to take account of the possible distortion of competition, etc. (author)
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2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan amount. 400.202 Section 400.202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.202 Loan amount. (a) The aggregate amount of loan principal guaranteed...
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7 CFR 1710.407 - Loan documents.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan documents. 1710.407 Section 1710.407 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Application Requirements and Procedures for Loans § 1710.407 Loan documents. Following approval of a loan, RUS will forward...
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2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 400.204 Section 400.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the Program shall be...
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7 CFR 1710.406 - Loan approval.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan approval. 1710.406 Section 1710.406 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Application Requirements and Procedures for Loans § 1710.406 Loan approval. (a) A loan is approved when the Administrator...
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7 CFR 1735.22 - Loan security.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security. 1735.22 Section 1735.22 Agriculture... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1735.22 Loan security. (a) RUS makes loans only if, in the judgment of the Administrator, the...
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7 CFR 762.121 - Loan purposes.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan purposes. 762.121 Section 762.121 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.121 Loan purposes. (a) Operating Loan purposes. (1) Loan... the need to refinance; (viii) Payment of loan closing costs; (ix) Payment of costs associated with...
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7 CFR 1738.22 - Loan security.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security. 1738.22 Section 1738.22 Agriculture... RURAL BROADBAND ACCESS LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1738.22 Loan security. (a) RUS makes loans only if, in the judgment of the Administrator, the security therefore is...
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Signal, Louise; Lanumata, Tolotea; Bowers, Sharron
2012-08-01
Growth in the high-cost, unregulated fringe lender market (with these lenders commonly referred to as loan sharks) has occurred both internationally and in New Zealand in recent years. The credit practices of loan sharks create financial hardship for many people including Māori, Pacific and low-income New Zealanders. This paper reports on research that explored strategies for reducing the impact of the fringe lender market on Māori, Pacific and low-income New Zealanders. A narrative literature review and 10 key informant interviews were conducted to provide information on how best to intervene to reduce the impact of the fringe lender market for these people. The main interventions identified were: two regulatory approaches, one for capping interest rates and another to create codes of responsible lending; access to safe affordable micro-finance options; financial literacy education; and Pacific cultural change around fa'alavelave, which are the 'obligations' of giving. Protecting consumers from the unsafe practices of fringe lenders requires a combined approach of discouraging the undesirable practices of fringe lenders through regulation and encouraging the growth of safe, affordable micro-finance options. Financial literacy education is a valuable activity for directing consumer attention to the safest options, but in isolation will have limited effect if options are limited. Health promoters have a valuable role to play in implementing these interventions.
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76 FR 6555 - Loan Guaranty Revised Loan Modification Procedures
2011-02-07
... loan; and advances required to preserve the lien position, such as homeowner association fees, special... delinquent interest, advances, or other amounts due; extending the repayment terms; changing the interest... encountered two sets of circumstances that have caused difficulty in easily modifying loans to assist veterans...
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan term. 1436.7 Section 1436.7 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN PROGRAM REGULATIONS § 1436.7 Loan term. (a) For eligible facility loan commodities other than sugar, the term of the loan will be 7...
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7 CFR 764.401 - Loan decision.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan decision. 764.401 Section 764.401 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN MAKING Loan Decision and Closing § 764.401 Loan decision. (a) Loan approval. (1) The Agency will approve a loan only if it determines that: (i) The applicant's farm operating...
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2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan amount. 500.202 Section 500.202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAM Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loans § 500.202 Loan amount. The aggregate amount of loan...
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7 CFR 1710.113 - Loan security.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security. 1710.113 Section 1710.113 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1710.113 Loan security. (a) RUS makes loans only if, in the judgment of the...
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2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 500.204 Section 500.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAM Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loans § 500.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the...
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Financing offshore projects: The banker's approach to risk
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Beldam, R.A.
1994-01-01
The author has attempted to consider why companies chose to share risks with banks and looked in particular at the unique risk sharing aspect of project financing and how this may be reflected in the loan documentation. He also has considered the current market place and examined some trends for the future. The future challenge in the North Sea is going to be to use existing and new technology to reduce capital and operating costs, balanced with optimal recovery and safety. From a bank perspective, this type of work is extremely satisfying, if challenging, and the author has no doubt banks will continue to play their part in the future of offshore development wherever it occurs around the world
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Valérie Vierstraete; Eric Yergeau
2010-01-01
Financial hardship can significantly undermine post-secondary students’ ability to attain their academic goals: completing their training and obtaining degrees with good grades. This study considers which method of financing studies—loans and bursaries from the Government, student aid granted directly by universities, scholarships or on-campus jobs, off-campus jobs or parental financial contribution—will best help students attain academic success. For these purposes, we use a non-parametric d...
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Entrance Counseling Guide for Direct Loan Borrowers
Federal Student Aid, US Department of Education, 2010
2010-01-01
This guide describes the four types of loans offered by the Direct Loan Program[SM]: (1) Direct Subsidized Loans; (2) Direct Unsubsidized Loans; (3) Direct PLUS Loans; and (4) Direct Consolidation Loans. Among the topics covered in the guide are: Use of Your Loan Money, The Master Promissory Note, How Your Loans Will Be Disbursed (Paid Out),…
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2010-07-01
... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What collateral may I pledge if I am a Treasury Tax and Loan depositary under 31 CFR part 203, and what value will you assign to it? 380...) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT COLLATERAL ACCEPTABILITY AND...
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Credit Default and Business Cycles: An Empirical Investigation of Brazilian Retail Loans
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arnildo da Silva Correa
2014-09-01
Full Text Available We use microdata from the Credit Information System (SCR of the Central Bank of Brazil to study the relationship between credit default and business cycles. In particular, we study the first part of the argument underlying the discussion about procyclicality related to the Basel II Accord: that recessions might increase credit defaults and have adverse impacts on the losses in portfolios of lender institutions. We explore both time series and cross-sectional variation in the data. Our data on the individual level are composed of retail loan transactions in two modalities-Consumer Credit and Vehicle Financing-from 2003 to 2008. Our results support the idea of a negative relationship between business cycles and credit default, but less strong than suggested in previous studies that use corporate data. We also find low and dispersed default correlations, and smaller losses in Value at Risk (VaR experiments than those found in the literature. These results may be possibly explained by the fact that, in the retail sector, loans are given to a large number of individuals, which may help to diversify risks.
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Non performing loans: Obstacles within financial and economy sector
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mitrović Ranka
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Growth and development of company depend on the adequate selection of financial resources and optimization of financial structure. In other words, the success of a company is determined by the choice of high-quality financial sources and their maturity adjustment. In developed economic and developed financial systems, companies have a wide range of financial sources: emissions of shares, bonds, emissions of other long-term and short-term securities, borrowing from the bank and alternative sources of financing. However, the developing countries and undeveloped countries addressed to financial resources of investors and loans from banking institutions. In this context, it is necessary to build a stable banking system, which will support the strategic development of the company and provide daily liquidity of companies.
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24 CFR 201.41 - Loan servicing.
2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan servicing. 201.41 Section 201... DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES TITLE I PROPERTY IMPROVEMENT AND MANUFACTURED HOME LOANS Loan Administration § 201.41 Loan servicing. (a) Generally...
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7 CFR 1980.370 - Loan servicing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Loan servicing. 1980.370 Section 1980.370 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Rural Housing Loans § 1980.370 Loan servicing. RHS encourages Lenders to... sufficient servicing and counseling to meet the objectives of the loan. Loan servicing should be approached...
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7 CFR 1779.69 - Loan servicing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1779.69 Section 1779.69 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) WATER AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED LOANS § 1779.69 Loan servicing. (a) Lender responsibilities. The lender is responsible for servicing the entire loan in accordance with the lender's loan...
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76 FR 42470 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC; Effective Date
2011-07-19
... FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 614 RIN 3052-AC62 Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC; Effective Date AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration. ACTION: Notice of effective date... rule under part 614 on May 25, 2011 (76 FR 30246) amending our regulations on loan policies and...
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7 CFR 1610.4 - Loan applications.
2010-01-01
... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.4 Loan applications. No application for a loan will be considered for approval by the Bank... of the applicant for a Bank loan and the amount thereof. Loan application forms are available from...
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan rates. 1435.101 Section 1435.101 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program § 1435.101 Loan rates. (a) The national average loan rate for raw cane sugar produced from domestically grown sugarcane is: 18...
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 774.22 Section 774.22 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS EMERGENCY LOAN FOR SEED PRODUCERS PROGRAM § 774.22 Loan closing. (a) Conditions. The applicant must meet all conditions specified by the loan approval official in the notification of loan...
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2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan amounts. 201.10 Section 201.10... MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES TITLE I PROPERTY IMPROVEMENT AND MANUFACTURED HOME LOANS Loan and Note Provisions § 201.10 Loan amounts. (a) Property...
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 771.13 Section 771.13 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.13 Loan closing. (a) Conditions. The applicant must meet all conditions specified by the loan approval official in the notification of loan approval...
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New Hampshire Better Buildings - Final Interim Report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cramton, Karen [NH Office of Energy and Planning; Peters, Katherine
2014-02-20
With $10 million in funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Better Buildings Neighborhood Program, the NH Better Buildings program was established as an initiative that initially empowered the three “Beacon Communities” of Berlin, Nashua and Plymouth to achieve transformative energy savings and reductions in fossil fuel use and greenhouse gases through deep energy retrofits and complementary sustainable energy solutions. The program also enabled those Communities to provide leadership to other communities around the state as “beacons” of energy efficiency. The goal of the program was to reduce energy use by a minimum of 15% through energy efficiency upgrades in residential and commercial buildings in the communities. The program expanded statewide in April 2012 by issuing a competitive solicitation for additional commercial projects non-profit, and municipal energy efficiency projects from any community in the state, and a partnership with the state’s utility-run, ratepayer-funded residential Home Performance with ENERGY STAR® (HPwES) program. The NH Better Buildings program was administered by the New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning (OEP) and managed by the NH Community Development Finance Authority (CDFA). The program started in July 2010 and the last projects funded with American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) funds were completed in August 2013. The program will continue after the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act program period as a Revolving Loan Fund, enabling low-interest financing for deep energy retrofits into the future.
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7 CFR 3560.61 - Loan security.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security. 3560.61 Section 3560.61 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Direct Loan and Grant Origination § 3560.61 Loan security... collateral. (2) The amount of the loan against the collateral does not exceed its estimated security value...
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Behavioral finance: Finance with normal people
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Meir Statman
2014-06-01
Behavioral finance substitutes normal people for the rational people in standard finance. It substitutes behavioral portfolio theory for mean-variance portfolio theory, and behavioral asset pricing model for the CAPM and other models where expected returns are determined only by risk. Behavioral finance also distinguishes rational markets from hard-to-beat markets in the discussion of efficient markets, a distinction that is often blurred in standard finance, and it examines why so many investors believe that it is easy to beat the market. Moreover, behavioral finance expands the domain of finance beyond portfolios, asset pricing, and market efficiency and is set to continue that expansion while adhering to the scientific rigor introduced by standard finance.
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2012-11-01
..., and 685 Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education Loan Program, and William D. Ford... 685 RIN 1840-AD05 [Docket ID ED-2012-OPE-0010] Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education... (Perkins Loan) program, Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, and William D. Ford Federal Direct...
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan purposes. 771.5 Section 771.5 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.5 Loan purposes. (a) Loan funds may be used..., travel and office operations; (3) Salaries and benefits. (b) Loan funds may not be used to pay expenses...
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7 CFR 1980.310 - Loan purposes.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Loan purposes. 1980.310 Section 1980.310 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Rural Housing Loans § 1980.310 Loan purposes. The purpose of a loan guaranteed... applicant as a primary residence. The loan may be to purchase a new dwelling or an existing dwelling. The...
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2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan fee. 1655.21 Section 1655.21 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.21 Loan fee. The TSP will charge a participant a $50.00 loan fee when it disburses the loan and will deduct the fee from the...
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7 CFR 770.5 - Loan limitations.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan limitations. 770.5 Section 770.5 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS INDIAN TRIBAL LAND ACQUISITION LOANS § 770.5 Loan limitations. (a) Loan funds may not be... title. (b) The amount of loan funds used to acquire land may not exceed the market value of the land...
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Lessons from a European study[Financing Renewable Energy Systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Langniss, Ole [German Aerospace Center, Stuttgart (Germany); Helby, Peter [Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Environmental and Energy System Studies
2000-10-01
each country. The influence of the exogenous conditions were investigated with a cash-flow model. Some significant findings are: 1. The absence of standard investment plans leads to a significant creativity concerning the forms of organisation. 2. This financial creativity is mainly on the equity side, whereas loan financing is rarely innovative but rather relies on traditional forms of bank and building society finance. 3. Risk is predominantly carried by small investors, whereas the institutional investors involved are risk averse. The activity strongly depends on the existence of a large pool of small investors with a positive attitude towards risk. 4. In fact, the personal relationship between the developer and the bank is an essential requirement to be granted credit. The most common financial scheme is a medium-term loan with local banks. 5. For larger projects, project financing is getting more common in most of the countries. 6. Green funds are a big success in some countries. This results in banks to be very willing to invest in green projects, in this case capital is well available for RE projects. In other countries green funds do not exist at all. 7. The importance that national energy policy demonstrates its commitment for RE in a changing regulatory environment. This reduces the financial risk that investors and banks take within project financing schemes. 8. The availability and administration of initial investment support is crucial for project success. When distributing limited funds, in some cases governmental institutions are influenced by other policy goals as the creation of employment and the development of national technology. 9. A flexible attitude of the public institutions which carry out the policy of the national governments facilitates the introduction of RE substantially. This desirable flexible attitude can be found sometimes. 10. There is a wide in a credible system for monitoring and sanctionsontrolling, or arthat it is hard for
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2010-01-01
... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Types of Loans and... borrowers. (b) Loan documents. Successful applicants will be required to execute and deliver to RUS a...
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Burn site groundwater interim measures work plan.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Witt, Jonathan L. (North Wind, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID); Hall, Kevin A. (North Wind, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID)
2005-05-01
This Work Plan identifies and outlines interim measures to address nitrate contamination in groundwater at the Burn Site, Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico. The New Mexico Environment Department has required implementation of interim measures for nitrate-contaminated groundwater at the Burn Site. The purpose of interim measures is to prevent human or environmental exposure to nitrate-contaminated groundwater originating from the Burn Site. This Work Plan details a summary of current information about the Burn Site, interim measures activities for stabilization, and project management responsibilities to accomplish this purpose.
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24 CFR 35.1330 - Interim controls.
2010-04-01
... Lead-Paint Hazard Evaluation and Hazard Reduction Activities § 35.1330 Interim controls. Interim..., cleanable covering or coating, such as metal coil stock, plastic, polyurethane, or linoleum. (3) Surfaces...
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Warrick, Cheree
2014-01-01
If you have a dream of opening or expanding a practice, then bank lending is probably an option you've considered. However, many practitioners are under the false assumption that banks are currently not lending. Untrue! Between 2008 and 2012, banks have loaned an average of $216 billion to small businesses throughout the United States each year. There are two aspects to a bank loan package: (1) your loan application with tax information, asset information, etc.; and (2) your business plan. This article delves into the five reasons banks say "no" to a great healthcare practitioner and what you should include in your business plan to not only have the bank say "yes" to financing your business but also to create a situation where multiple banks are offering to lend you money.
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2012-07-17
... borrower's loans if the borrower receives a disbursement of a new title IV loan or receives a new TEACH... proposed regulations for programs authorized by title IV of the HEA, to obtain public involvement in the...-defaulted Direct Loan, except for a parent Direct PLUS loan or a Direct Consolidation loan that repaid a...
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Solid waste burial grounds interim safety analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Saito, G.H.
1994-01-01
This Interim Safety Analysis document supports the authorization basis for the interim operation and restrictions on interim operations for the near-surface land disposal of solid waste in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds. The Solid Waste Burial Grounds Interim Safety Basis supports the upgrade progress for the safety analysis report and the technical safety requirements for the operations in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds. Accident safety analysis scenarios have been analyzed based on the significant events identified in the preliminary hazards analysis. The interim safety analysis provides an evaluation of the operations in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds to determine if the radiological and hazardous material exposures will be acceptable from an overall health and safety standpoint to the worker, the onsite personnel, the public, and the environment
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Solid waste burial grounds interim safety analysis
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Saito, G.H.
1994-10-01
This Interim Safety Analysis document supports the authorization basis for the interim operation and restrictions on interim operations for the near-surface land disposal of solid waste in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds. The Solid Waste Burial Grounds Interim Safety Basis supports the upgrade progress for the safety analysis report and the technical safety requirements for the operations in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds. Accident safety analysis scenarios have been analyzed based on the significant events identified in the preliminary hazards analysis. The interim safety analysis provides an evaluation of the operations in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds to determine if the radiological and hazardous material exposures will be acceptable from an overall health and safety standpoint to the worker, the onsite personnel, the public, and the environment.
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7 CFR 1710.50 - Insured loans.
2010-01-01
... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Types of Loans and... determined pursuant to 7 CFR part 1714, and the borrower may elect to include in the loan documents a...
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7 CFR 1718.103 - Loan contract provisions.
2010-01-01
... AGRICULTURE LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Loan Contracts With Distribution Borrowers § 1718... security for the loan will be reasonably adequate and that the loan will be repaid according to the terms... other provisions as RUS may require to ensure loan repayment and reasonably adequate loan security. ...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jones, E.; Eto, J.
1997-09-01
Renewable energy technologies are capital intensive. Successful public policies for promoting renewable energy must address the significant resources needed to finance them. Public policies to support financing for renewable energy technologies must pay special attention to interactions with federal, state, and local taxes. These interactions are important because they can dramatically increase or decrease the effectiveness of a policy, and they determine the total cost of a policy to society as a whole. This report describes a comparative analysis of the cost of public policies to support financing for two end-use solar technologies: residential solar domestic hot water heating (SDHW) and residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. The analysis focuses on the cost of the technologies under five different ownership and financing scenarios. Four scenarios involve leasing the technologies to homeowners in return for a payment that is determined by the financing requirements of each form of ownership. For each scenario, the authors examine nine public policies that might be used to lower the cost of these technologies: investment tax credits (federal and state), production tax credits (federal and state), production incentives, low-interest loans, grants (taxable and two types of nontaxable), direct customer payments, property and sales tax reductions, and accelerated depreciation
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Information,Informal finance,and SME financing
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIN Justin Yifu; SUN Xifang
2006-01-01
Informal finance exists extensively and has been playing an important role in small-and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing in developing economies,This paper tries to rationalize the extensiveness of informal finance.SME financing suffers more serious information asymmetry to the extent that most SMEs are more opaque and can only provide less collateral.Informal lenders have an advantage over formal financial institutions in collecting "soft information" about SME borrowers.This paper establishes a model including formal and informal lenders and high-and low-risk borrowers with or without sufficient collateral and shows that the credit market in which informal finance is eliminated will allocate funds in some inefficient way,and the efficiency of allocating credit funds can be improved once informal finance is allowed to coexist with formal finance.
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75 FR 16821 - Housing Finance Agency Risk-Sharing Program
2010-04-02
...The proposed information collection requirement described below has been submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act. The Department is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Section 542(c) of the Risk Sharing Program authorizes qualified Housing Finance Agencies (HFAs) to underwrite and process loans. HUD provides full mortgage insurance on affordable multifamily housing project processed by HFAs under this program. Qualified HFAs are vested with the maximum amount of processing responsibilities. By entering into Risk-Sharing Agreement with HUD, HFAs contract to reimburse HUD for a portion of the loss from any defaults that occur while HUD insurance is in force.
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Islamic banks and finance and the possibility of agricultural investments in the Republic of Serbia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kačar Bahrija
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Financing the economy and agriculture as well in the Republic of Serbia in recent past present was realized and has been implemented with the financial and credit support of the state, as well as through expensive commercial bank loans and financial leasing. Bearing in mind the productive resources, the importance of agriculture to the national economy and employment of the population, and that the financing of agriculture in the Republic of Serbia, at its current level of development, should be implemented with the support of the state. States should work towards the establishment of specialized agricultural banks and by legislation facilitate the arrival of financial institutions which will place funds at favorable conditions such as the Islamic financial institutions do. Islamic financial institutions in the placement of funds-loans do not use the loan interest rate which is according to the Islamic beliefs unfair and unacceptable. The theoreticians of Islamic economy see an alternative in the fundamental values and teachings of Islam, the Quran and the Sunnah, which strictly prohibit interest. Islamic bank can make certain comparative advantages in respect to the other domestic banks. It is in a position to establish a sound business relationship with clients from Muslim countries for the local companies to perform in their markets, as well as with the performance of companies from Muslim countries on the Serbian market. A further advantage of this bank we see in the fact that one of its founders would be the IDB - Islamic Development Bank - the leading development bank of the Muslim world, whose experience in the implementation of development projects in Serbia can be of great benefit. However, the largest Islamic bank has potential in the establishment and development of business relationships and cooperation with a growing number of financial and other institutions whose operations are based on the principles of Shariah.
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Housing policy and the granting of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jhon Antuny Pabón-León
2017-02-01
Full Text Available This reflection article focuses on housing policy and the granting of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta from promulgation of housing policy. It is a descriptive study of quantitative approach, non-experimental, transectional supported in document review addressing three thematic areas: housing policies of the Government, the housing market and housing finance. The House today on day one of the problems that most affect society due among other factors to the growth of cities and next to it is tenure and housing needs. The crisis of housing in Colombia has been one of the most crippling economic problems in recent years and as a result new instruments are designed to provide effective access to housing and care for the potential beneficiaries. Thus arises the concern about what was the impact on the allocation of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta from promulgation of housing policy? It is concluded that although opinions differ on the effectiveness of housing policy clearly program presented a positive balance in the city of Cúcuta.
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7 CFR 1980.481 - Insured loans.
2010-01-01
... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.481 Insured loans. Applications...) Constructing and equipping industrial plants for lease to private businesses (not including loans for operating... concurrence prior to approval. B. Applications from private parties for insured loans will not be encouraged...
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Determinants of Debt: An Econometric Analysis Based on the Cyprus Survey of Consumer Finances
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Michalis Petrides
2008-03-01
Full Text Available This work is based on the Cyprus Survey of Consumer Finances (CySCF and focuses on the investigation of home secured loans and consumer credit card outstanding balances among Cypriot families. The CySCF runs on a triennial basis with the first database created in 1999 (CySCF1999. According to CySCF1999 and CySCF2002, the overall participation in home secured debt among all families declined from 29.95% in 1999 and 29.77% in 2002 to 25.77% in 2005 (CySCF2005. Credit cards were introduced in the early 1980s and grew significantly during the 1990s. The overall percentage of Cypriot households holding credit cards is estimated at 41.7% for 1999, 50% for 2002, and 48% for 2005. This work deals with the econometric analysis of home secured loans and consumer credit card outstanding balances and it provides results based on logit models. The main variables selected for home secured loans are the age, family status, specific attitude toward credit, employment status, and income. The resulting model exhibits a polynomial behaviour of degree two with respect to age. The main variables for consumer credit card balances are the age, education, general attitude, income code, home secured loans and riskiness. Worth noting is the high probability of having credit card balances for those households where the economically dominant unit is of low age with a positive attitude towards credit.
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Development of New Loan Payment Models with Piecewise Geometric Gradient Series
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erdal Aydemir
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Engineering economics plays an important role in decision making. Also, the cash flows, time value of money and interest rates are the most important research fields in mathematical finance. Generalized formulae obtained from a variety of models with the time value of money and cash flows are inadequate to solve some problems. In this study, a new generalized formulae is considered for the first time and derived from a loan payment model which is a certain number of payment amount determined by customer at the beginning of payment period and the other repayments with piecewise linear gradient series. As a result, some numerical examples with solutions are given for the developed models.
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Corporate boards and bank loan contracting
Francis, Bill; Hasan, Iftekhar; Koetter, Michael; Wu, Qiang
2012-01-01
We investigate the role of corporate boards in bank loan contracting. We find that when corporate boards are more independent, both price and nonprice loan terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral, covenants, and performance-pricing provisions) are more favorable, and syndicated loans comprise more lenders. In addition, board size, audit committee structure, and other board characteristics influence bank loan prices. However, they do not consistently affect all nonprice loan terms except for a...
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2010-01-01
... PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.7 Loan uses. Loan funds may be used for any of the following purposes related to the production or marketing of apples: (a) Payment of costs associated with..., processing or marketing purposes; or (h) Payment of loan closing costs. ...
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77 FR 59346 - Payday-Alternative Loans
2012-09-27
... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 701 RIN 3133-AE08 Payday-Alternative Loans AGENCY...: The NCUA Board (Board) is currently reviewing its regulation governing payday-alternative loans (PAL... to offer PAL loans, previously referred to as short- term, small amount loans, as an alternative to...
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7 CFR 1822.274 - Loan closing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 1822.274 Section 1822.274 Agriculture... SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS PRIMARILY FOR REAL ESTATE PURPOSES RURAL HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Housing Site Loan Policies...
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2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan design. 1735.73 Section 1735.73 Agriculture... Funds § 1735.73 Loan design. When loan funds are requested for an acquisition, details of the proposed acquisition shall be included in the Loan Design. See 7 CFR part 1737. ...
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44 CFR 206.371 - Loan program.
2010-10-01
... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan program. 206.371 Section... HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Community Disaster Loans § 206.371 Loan... Special Community Disaster Loan to any local government which has suffered a substantial loss of tax and...
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44 CFR 206.361 - Loan program.
2010-10-01
... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan program. 206.361 Section... HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Community Disaster Loans § 206.361 Loan... Community Disaster Loan to any local government which has suffered a substantial loss of tax and other...
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5 CFR 1655.12 - Loan agreement.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan agreement. 1655.12 Section 1655.12 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.12 Loan agreement. (a) Upon determining that a loan application meets the requirements of this part, the TSP record keeper...
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7 CFR 1434.18 - Loan repayments.
2010-01-01
... repayment rate for marketing assistance loans for honey under this part will be in effect on a short-term... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS NONRECOURSE MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOAN AND LDP REGULATIONS FOR HONEY § 1434.18 Loan repayments. (a) A honey producer may repay a nonrecourse marketing assistance...
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A new Loan-Stock Financial Instrument
Morozovsky, Alexander; Narasimhan, Rajan; Kholodenko, Yuri
2000-01-01
A new financial instrument (a new kind of a loan) is introduced. The loan-stock instrument (LSI) combines fixed rate instruments (loans, etc.) with other financial instruments that have higher volatilities and returns (stocks, mutual funds, currencies, derivatives, options, etc.). This new loan depends on the value of underlying security (for example, stock) in such a way that when underlying security increases, the value of loan decreases and backwards. The procedure to create a risk free po...
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Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana; Cunningham-Myrie, Colette; Fox, Kristin; Kirton, Claremont; Fraser, Raphael; McLeod, Georgia; Forrester, Terrence
2015-01-01
To determine whether there was a difference in wealth and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between microcredit loan beneficiaries and community-matched non-beneficiaries (controls). Seven hundred and twenty-six households of microcredit loan beneficiaries were matched with 726 controls by age, sex and community. A standardised interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on health and household expenditure. Weights, heights, waist circumference and blood pressure measurements were taken for an adult and one child (6-16 years) from each household. Amongst adults, there was no difference in the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension. More male (68.1% vs. 47.8%) and female beneficiaries (84.5% vs. 77.9%) were overweight/obese. More male (17.2% vs. 7.1%; P Microcredit financing is positively associated with wealth acquisition but worsened cardiovascular risk status. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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2010-07-07
..., or Direct Loan Program, excluding PLUS loans made under the FFEL and Direct Loan Programs to parents... that repaid a parent PLUS loan. Employee means an individual who, under Federal tax law, is considered... Internal Revenue Code. Involuntary separation due to misconduct means termination from [[Page 39001...
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COLLATERAL'S IMPORTANCE IN SMES FINANCING: WHAT IS THE BANKS RESPONSE? SOME EVIDENCE FOR ROMANIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Petria Nicolae
2011-07-01
Full Text Available Searching for funding, SMEs managers face various obstacles arising from information asymmetry, lack of experience, severe market conditions, and insufficient or unsatisfactory collaterals for banks (OECD 2006; Badulescu and Badulescu 2010; OECD 2000 and 2004; Lin and Sun 2006; Toivanen and Cresy, 2000. The collateral issue is extensively discussed in literature preventing moral hazard, the alignment the interests (Stiglitz and Weiss 1981:393-410; Chan and Thakor 1987:345-363; Jimenez and Saurina 2004, a means to discipline the borrowers behaviour (ex post given the existence of a credible threat (Aghion and Bolton 1992:473-494, or even banking behaviour on the market (Manove et al. 2001:726-744, Argentiero 2009. In the same time we find that the perception of firms, revealed by National Bank of Romania (NBR 2010 survey data, show that banks still use the collateral as a measure of pressure, in special in crisis times. For an important part of managers, the bank increased the level of required collateral for existing, renewing or new credits, asking for new covenants, revealing a paradox of crisis time: while the bank loans remained the favourite method of external financing needs of business, the banks often reduce their availability. Although the bank loan remains the favorite mean to support the growth ambitions, the higher level of collateral or lending costs are seen as principal obstacles by the majority of manager in EU. According to NBR survey, the influence of risk factors related to collateral had a climax at the end of 2008 and 2009, when the banks have tightened the requirement for loan guarantee. Using National Bank of Romania (NBR 2010 survey data, we show that the banks still use the collateral as a measure of pressure, in special in crisis times. For an important part of managers, the bank increased the level of required collateral for existing, renewing or new credits, asking for new covenants, revealing a paradox of crisis time
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5 CFR 1620.35 - Loan payments.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan payments. 1620.35 Section 1620.35... Nonappropriated Fund Employees § 1620.35 Loan payments. NAF instrumentalities must deduct and transmit TSP loan... CFR part 1655 and Board procedures. Loan payments may not be deducted and transmitted for employees...
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2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan term. 573.4 Section 573.4 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF... COMMUNITY FACILITIES LOAN GUARANTEE RECOVERY FUND § 573.4 Loan term. The term of the loan to be guaranteed...
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2010-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 1300.15 Section 1300.15... DISASTER RELIEF-AIR CARRIER GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Minimum Requirements and Application Procedures § 1300.15 Loan terms. (a) A loan guaranteed under the program shall be due and payable in full no later than...
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7 CFR 771.15 - Loan servicing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 771.15 Section 771.15 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.15 Loan servicing. (a) Advances. FSA may make... advances. (b) Payments. Payments will be made to FSA as set forth in loan agreements and debt instruments...
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2010-01-01
... SPECIAL PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN MAKING Loan Decision and Closing § 764.402 Loan closing. (a) Signature... information for the Agency to reconfirm approval and proceed with loan closing. (3) The Agency or closing... account will be used according to subpart B of part 761 of this chapter when these processes are not...
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DETERMINANTS OF BUSINESS LOAN DEFAULT IN GHANA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Akwaa-Sekyi, Ellis Kofi
2015-05-01
Full Text Available The initiation, funding, servicing and monitoring of loans by financial intermediaries has been done without regard to some critical factors which could have averted the likelihood of default. The study aimed at measuring the extent that owner-specific, borrower-specific, loan and lender-specific characteristics could determine the probability of loan default. The study used logistic regression for 224 business customers of a bank in Ghana from its nation-wide branches. The study found that owner’s extra income (ownership characteristics, multiple borrowing, diversion of loan purpose (borrower characteristics, loan price, loan purpose, loan age, repayment plan (loan characteristics and underfunding (lender characteristics significantly determined the probability of business loan default. The overall model predicted up to 78.5% of variations in the likelihood of default. The hierarchy of strong determinants given by their odd ratios were loan purpose (47.9 times, underfunding (19.2 times, diversion of loan purpose (11.7 times multiple borrowing (9.4 times and owner’s extra income (8.2 times. The study can conclude that financial intermediaries should be wary of the credit granting process taking cognisance of ownership, borrower, loan and lender characteristics especially the significant predictors. Combining quantitative and qualitative variables as determinants of default could be considered in future.
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7 CFR 1776.16 - Loan servicing.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1776.16 Section 1776.16 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.16 Loan servicing. (a) If RUS determines that HWWS loans may be serviced by CSC, then the grant recipient will enter into an agreement with...
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7 CFR 1927.56 - Scheduling loan closing.
2010-01-01
... REGULATIONS TITLE CLEARANCE AND LOAN CLOSING Real Estate Title Clearance and Loan Closing § 1927.56 Scheduling loan closing. The agency, in coordination with the closing agent, will arrange a loan closing and send loan closing instructions, on an agency form to the closing agent when the agency determines that the...
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42 CFR 57.1510 - Security for loans.
2010-10-01
... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Security for loans. 57.1510 Section 57.1510 Public... Security for loans. Each loan with respect to which a guarantee is made or interest subsidies are paid... TEACHING FACILITIES, EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND STUDENT LOANS Loan Guarantees and Interest...
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7 CFR 1427.170 - Quantity for loan.
2010-01-01
... to the preservation or safety of the loan collateral. Loans may be made on a lower percentage basis... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quantity for loan. 1427.170 Section 1427.170... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Recourse Seed Cotton Loans § 1427.170...
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7 CFR 1735.46 - Loan security documents.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security documents. 1735.46 Section 1735.46... § 1735.46 Loan security documents. (a) Loans are to be repaid according to their terms. RUS generally... subordinations. (b) Loan security documents of borrowers with loans approved after October 6, 1997 will provide...
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2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan terms. 1007.35 Section 1007.35... LOAN GUARANTEES FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN HOUSING § 1007.35 Loan terms. To be eligible for guarantee under this part, the loan shall: (a) Be made for a term not exceeding 30 years; (b) Bear interest (exclusive...
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Guide to Direct Consolidation Loans.
Department of Education, Washington, DC.
Intended for financial aid counselors, this document provides guidelines to the Federal Direct Consolidation Loan Program for borrowers who are in school, as well as those in repayment, or in default. An introductory section explains the basics of the consolidated loan program, loan categories, and interest rates. Next, standards for borrower…
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Credit reporting, relationship banking, and loan repayment
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tahereh Shirzad Kebria
2015-06-01
Full Text Available This paper presents an empirical investigation to determine factors influencing on loan repayment in one of Iranian banks named Sepah Bank over the period 2012-2013. The study selects a sample of 290 bank’s customers who received loans and, using logistic regression technique, tries to find whether or not qualitative as well as quantitative characteristics of loan receivers influence on repayment of loans. The results indicate that history of outstanding debt as well as customers’ past experiences with banks had meaningful relationships with having bad credit and non-payment of loans. In our survey, having a bad credit in the past had positive relationship with non-payment of loans but long-term customers had negative relationship with non-payment of loans. In addition, working capital turnover ratio, cash ratio, total liabilities, current assets and loan value had significant impact on non-repayment of the loan facilities.
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75 FR 27660 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC
2010-05-18
... business. \\2\\ While a System institution could not qualify as a franchise purchaser, it could possibly pair with a non-System lender where that lender could buy the deposits and other loans leaving the System institution to buy the agricultural loans. FCA regulations currently provide that a System institution may not...
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24 CFR 200.25 - Supplemental loans.
2010-04-01
... DEVELOPMENT GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO FHA PROGRAMS Requirements for Application, Commitment, and Endorsement... loans. A loan, advance of credit or purchase of an obligation representing a loan or advance of credit...
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76 FR 30904 - Rural Utilities Service Telecommunications Loan and Loan Guarantee Program
2011-05-27
..., this new approach will give our customers increased flexibility to find and deploy technology that... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Utilities Service Rural Utilities Service Telecommunications Loan and Loan Guarantee Program AGENCY: Rural Utilities Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of elimination of the...
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Energy for all for a loan of 3 euros per capita
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jourde, P. [CEA Cadarache, 13 - Saint Paul lez Durance (France); Cyphelly, I. [Alternativas, CMR Las Palmas (Spain); McNelis, B. [ITPower, The Manor House, Hampshire (United Kingdom)
2004-07-01
This presentation will focus on four aspects to implement self financed electrification programmes in developing countries: 1. Financial mechanisms: user owner, micro credit, and 2 years revolving fund Dry cells batteries, candles, kerosene lights used by 400 million non electrified houses cost on average 10 euros /month /family. Let us direct these funds towards high performance PV solutions. The SHS will be paid in 2 years to a micro credit organization After, it can finance village business development during 28 years. The 30 years loan starting the process needs 3 euros/capita. 2. High efficiency equipments, especially for village economical development. A new world of energy for the South, autonomous, using D.C. high efficiency equipments is to be developed where nothing exists. The technical barriers are the quality issue, the storage, the D.C. equipments and the motorization. 3 The Laboratory network PV GAP and ETF 9 brings together laboratories in developing countries for three purposes: quality (certification), training, assistance to electrification programmes and technology transfer. 4. Technology transfer network: Technology transfers allow the local manufacture of a maximum of materials out of PV cells. It will generate other local incomes and employment. (authors)
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Energy for all for a loan of 3 euros per capita
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jourde, P.; Cyphelly, I.; McNelis, B.
2004-01-01
This presentation will focus on four aspects to implement self financed electrification programmes in developing countries: 1. Financial mechanisms: user owner, micro credit, and 2 years revolving fund Dry cells batteries, candles, kerosene lights used by 400 million non electrified houses cost on average 10 euros /month /family. Let us direct these funds towards high performance PV solutions. The SHS will be paid in 2 years to a micro credit organization After, it can finance village business development during 28 years. The 30 years loan starting the process needs 3 euros/capita. 2. High efficiency equipments, especially for village economical development. A new world of energy for the South, autonomous, using D.C. high efficiency equipments is to be developed where nothing exists. The technical barriers are the quality issue, the storage, the D.C. equipments and the motorization. 3 The Laboratory network PV GAP and ETF 9 brings together laboratories in developing countries for three purposes: quality (certification), training, assistance to electrification programmes and technology transfer. 4. Technology transfer network: Technology transfers allow the local manufacture of a maximum of materials out of PV cells. It will generate other local incomes and employment. (authors)
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27 CFR 6.61 - Guaranteeing loans.
2010-04-01
... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Unlawful Inducements Guaranteeing Loans § 6.61 Guaranteeing loans. The act by an industry member of guaranteeing any loan or the repayment of any financial...
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Financing Preference Behaviour for Private Finance Initiative (PFI Projects
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yati Md Lasa
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Project Financing Initiative (PFI projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amount of capital for the development of public projects. The private sector has to seek cost-effective financing sources for their survival in the long-term concession. Conventional financing uses widely; however, Islamic financing promises better financing through profit and loss sharing. This paper reviews financing preferences for PFI projects and the factors influencing the choice of funding. The results show that religious perspective, quality of services, financing facilities and reputation are the factors that are expected will influence the financing preference behaviour, either Islamic or conventional finance.
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Access to finance for micro, small and medium business units in Serbian agribusiness
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sedlak Otilija
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Micro, small and medium business units contribute to development of agribusiness only if adequate financial resources for founding and development are given. This paper analyzes the possibilities of financing micro, small and medium legal entities in agribusiness in Serbia, compared to large enterprises. Empirical research included a survey comprising 119 agribusiness units, grouped into three categories dependent on their size. The aim was to confirm that there are substantial differences between units of different sizes, concerning possibilities of accessing bank loans and concerning the process of evaluation of conditions for credit approval. Also, aim was to determine differences between the uses of necessary key economic measures in agribusiness. Results showed significant differences between each group of business units for the majority of the observed parameters. Consequently the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs sector and especially entrepreneurs and farmers (micro units only have limited access to financial resources and more financing costs compared to large enterprises.
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Interim Administrators in Higher Education: A National Study
Huff, Marie Thielke; Neubrander, Judy
2015-01-01
The focus of this paper is on the roles and experiences of interim administrators in higher education. A survey was given to current and recent interim administrators in four-year public universities and colleges across the United States. The goals were to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using and serving as interims, and to solicit…
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1992-01-01
The subject Interim Measures/Interim Remedial Action plan/Environmental Assessment (IM/IRAP/EA) addresses residual free-phase volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination suspected in the subsurface within an area identified as Operable Unit No. 2 (OU2). This IM/IRAP/EA also addresses radionuclide contamination beneath the 903 Pad at OU2. Although subsurface VOC and radionuclide contamination on represent a source of OU2 ground-water contamination, they pose no immediate threat to public health or the environment. This IM/IRAP/EA identifies and evaluates interim remedial actions for removal of residual free-phase VOC contamination from three different subsurface environments at OU2. The term ''residual'' refers to the non-aqueous phase contamination remaining in the soil matrix (by capillary force) subsequent to the passage of non-aqueous or free-phase liquid through the subsurface. In addition to the proposed actions, this IM/IRAP/EA presents an assessment of the No Action Alternative. This document also considers an interim remedial action for the removal of radionuclides from beneath the 903 Pad
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78 FR 691 - Maximum Loan Amount for Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2013
2013-01-04
... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Business-Cooperative Service Maximum Loan Amount for Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2013 AGENCY: Rural Business-Cooperative Service, USDA. ACTION... and Industry (B&I) guaranteed loans of $25 million or less under certain circumstances. Due to the...
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2010-01-01
... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.612 Loan limits. The maximum loan amount will be 100 percent of the allowable total development costs of on-farm labor housing and...
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2012-05-31
...) instructions for reporting past due status on TDRs, many FICUs maintain separate, manual delinquency... loan delinquency based on restructured contract terms rather than the original loan terms. To that end... loan on nonaccrual status has no impact on the borrower's contractual obligation to the FICU. c...
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2010-04-01
... INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES Credits Against Tax § 1.42-3...)(D). Thus, any building with respect to which the proceeds of the loan are used during the tax year... building for that tax year and subsequent tax years for purposes of determining the applicable percentage...
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75 FR 14331 - Disaster Assistance Loan Program
2010-03-25
... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 13 CFR Part 123 RIN 3245-AF98 Disaster Assistance Loan Program...-term disaster loans to homeowners, renters, businesses, and non-profit organizations that have been... to disaster victims by raising the statutory loan limit for loans to businesses, increasing the...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Olmos, Luis; Ruester, Sophia; Liong, Siok-Jen
2012-01-01
Achieving climate policy goals requires mobilizing public funds to bring still immature clean technologies to competitiveness and create new technological options. The format of direct public support must be tailored to the characteristics of technologies addressed. Based on the experience accumulated with innovation programs, we have identified those features of innovation that should directly condition the choice of direct support instruments. These include the funding gap between the cost of innovation activities and the amount of private funds leveraged; the ability of technologies targeted to compete for public funds in the market; the probability that these technologies fail to reach the market; and the type of entity best suited to conduct these activities. Clean innovation features are matched to those of direct support instruments to provide recommendations on the use to be made of each type of instrument. Given the large financing gap of most clean energy innovation projects, public grants and contracts should finance a large part of clean pre-deployment innovation. However, public loans, equity investments, prizes and tax credits or rebates can successfully support certain innovation processes at a lower public cost. Principles derived are applied to identify the instrument best suited to a case example. - Highlights: ► Public financing instruments must be tailored to the features of supported innovation. ► Instruments should trigger desired innovation at the lowest public cost possible. ► They should strike the right balance between technology selection and competition. ► Public funds mobilized through them should reach the innovating entity. ► Public loans, equity investments, prizes, and rebates should be used in specific cases.
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Access to finance from different finance provider types
Wulandari, Eliana; Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.; Karmana, Maman H.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
2017-01-01
Analysing farmer knowledge of the requirements of finance providers can provide valuable insights to policy makers about ways to improve farmers’ access to finance. This study compares farmer knowledge of the requirements to obtain finance with the actual requirements set by different finance
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Energy renovation of single-family houses in Denmark utilising long-term financing based on equity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kragh, Jesper; Rose, Jørgen
2011-01-01
This paper aims to present an economic overview of the opportunities for energy renovation of single-family houses in Denmark financed over the long term. The paper focuses on the economic difference between energy savings and the repayment of investment. Taking out the average remaining 20% equity...... in long-term property mortgage loans and utilising it for extensive energy renovation improves both the economy and the extent of included measures. Approximately 30% of energy consumption in Denmark is used for space heating. The existing 1 million single-family houses account for approximately half...
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12 CFR 561.30 - Nonresidential construction loan.
2010-01-01
... REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.30 Nonresidential construction loan. The term nonresidential construction loan means a loan for construction of other than one or more dwelling units. ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nonresidential construction loan. 561.30...
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Decision on performing interim analysis for comparative clinical trials.
Pak, Kyongsun; Jacobus, Susanna; Uno, Hajime
2017-09-01
In randomized-controlled trials, interim analyses are often planned for possible early trial termination to claim superiority or futility of a new therapy. While unblinding is necessary to conduct the formal interim analysis in blinded studies, blinded data also have information about the potential treatment difference between the groups. We developed a blinded data monitoring tool that enables investigators to predict whether they observe such an unblinded interim analysis results that supports early termination of the trial. Investigators may skip some of the planned interim analyses if an early termination is unlikely. We specifically focused on blinded, randomized-controlled studies to compare binary endpoints of a new treatment with a control. Assuming one interim analysis is planned for early termination for superiority or futility, we conducted extensive simulation studies to assess the impact of the implementation of our tool on the size, power, expected number of interim analyses, and bias in the treatment effect. The numerical study showed the proposed monitoring tool does not affect size or power, but dramatically reduces the expected number of interim analyses when the effect of the treatment difference is small. The tool serves as a useful reference when interpreting the summary of the blinded data throughout the course of the trial, without losing integrity of the study. This tool could potentially save the study resources and budget by avoiding unnecessary interim analyses.
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Addendum to IFMIF-CDA interim report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Maekawa, Hiroshi; Ida, Mizuho [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; eds.
1996-08-01
During the second IFMIF-CDA Design Integration Workshop, the conceptual design and contents of `IFMIF-CDA Interim Report` were examined and discussed at both general and group meetings. Based on these discussion, the final IFMIF-CDA Report will be modified from the `Interim Report`. This report describes the outline of these modification. (author)
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Addendum to IFMIF-CDA interim report
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Maekawa, Hiroshi; Ida, Mizuho
1996-08-01
During the second IFMIF-CDA Design Integration Workshop, the conceptual design and contents of 'IFMIF-CDA Interim Report' were examined and discussed at both general and group meetings. Based on these discussion, the final IFMIF-CDA Report will be modified from the 'Interim Report'. This report describes the outline of these modification. (author)
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Offsets - An opportunity of Financing
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
PRIN, Coralie
2008-01-01
Nuclear Research Reactors sometimes need to implement projects to upgrade, revamp or convert their reactor, acquire new fuel elements, etc. However, as their activities are mainly of noncommercial nature, they sometimes lack of financial resources to implement these projects by themselves. Several solutions exist: loans, governmental budget, subsidies from international organizations (IAEA). Offsets are another source of financing. They also are free of charge for the reactor. The objective of offsets is to Identify, implement and finance projects that: directly create or sustain a local economic activity of high-added value, would not have happened without the Obligor's intervention, and are of crucial importance given the country's political background (favor employment, technology transfers, training and education, research and development, etc.). Companies worldwide are willing to finance local projects to fulfill their Offset Obligation. Local organizations or institutions are willing to invest to increase their activities but lack of financial resources. Offset regulations are an opportunity on both sides and are free for the local organization. The monetary value of an Offset obligation is calculated as a percentage of the main contract price (or as a percentage of the imported part value). That percentage depends on the Country's legislation and on the nature of the main contract (defense or civilian). This value has to be compensated by an equivalent economic value (a Project's cost is different from its value). There is two ways of assessing a value: - Political aspects: The Project is of political importance for the country (development of an export capability, technology and/or know-how transfers) and the project in line with the country's political priorities (employment, research, international presence, etc.). - Economic benefits: the project directly sustains or creates additional activities, turnover, R and D, employment, etc. It benefits directly
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tongsopit, Sopitsuda; Moungchareon, Sunee; Aksornkij, Apinya; Potisat, Tanai
2016-01-01
Diverse solar PV business models and financing options exist in the international landscape, helping expand and accelerate the adoption of rooftop solar PV systems. The conditions for their emergence are context specific, depending on the policies, regulations, incentives, and market conditions of each country. After a review of the international landscape, this paper compiles and analyzes business models and financing options for rooftop solar PV investment in Thailand that have emerged during the period between 2013 and 2015. Despite policy discontinuity for the support of rooftop solar systems, diverse business models and financing options are driving market expansion and expanding solar access to more Thai consumers. Drawing on our policy and regulatory analyses and in-depth interviews with business representatives, we identify four types of business models and one financing option. The business models include Roof Rental, Solar PPA, Solar Leasing, and Community Solar, and the financing option is the solar loan. We analyze the drivers for their emergence, barriers to their success, and the risks from the business owners' and consumers' viewpoints. Our policy recommendation is focused on crafting a net-metering regulation with evidence-based studies on the potential costs and benefits to different stakeholders. - Highlights: •Advances understanding on PV business models in urban developing countries' context. •Reviews emerging rooftop solar business models in Thailand. •Thailand has a dynamic solar market despite policy uncertainties.
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Gender and banking : Are women better loan officers?
Beck, T.H.L.; Behr, P.; Guttler, A.
2013-01-01
Using a unique data set for a commercial bank in Albania, we analyze gender differences in loan officers’ performance. Loans screened and monitored by female loan officers have a lower likelihood to turn problematic than loans handled by male loan officers. This effect cannot be explained by
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The role of building societies on the market of hypothec loaning: world experience and Russia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ellada Georgiyevna Pilavova
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Based on the study of international experience in modeling residential mortgage, the need to develop savings and loan institutions is justified - banks of building savings - as an institution to meet mass demand of the general population of Russia on the improvement of living conditions. In particular, the history of mortgage lending in Asia and Europe is described in details. Particular attention is paid to the models of the Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland and Germany. The percentage volume of housing loans to GDP in transition and developed countries is compared. The reasons for the backlog of Poland and the Czech Republic from more developed countries are investigated. It is concluded that exactly the building society was the starting point for the rapid evolution of housing finance in different countries. The advantageous features of this institution as reducing credit risk through specialization, providing a source of long-term money and effective tool for the selection of reliable borrowers to the banking sector, as well as beneficial effects on the economic culture of borrowers are indicated.
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HUD PowerSaver Pilot Loan Program
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zimring, Mark [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Hoffman, Ian [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
2010-12-10
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recently announced the creation of a pilot loan program for home energy improvements. The PowerSaver loan program is a new, energy-focused variant of the Title I Property Improvement Loan Insurance Program (Title I Program) and is planned for introduction in early 2011. The PowerSaver pilot will provide lender insurance for secured and unsecured loans up to $25,000 to single family homeowners. These loans will specifically target residential energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements. HUD estimates the two-year pilot will fund approximately 24,000 loans worth up to $300 million; the program is not capped. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), HUD's mortgage insurance unit, will provide up to $25 million in grants as incentives to participating lenders. FHA is seeking lenders in communities with existing programs for promoting residential energy upgrades.
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Sustainable Solutions for Nuclear used Fuels Interim Storage
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Arslan, Marc; Favet, Dominique; Issard, Herve; Le Jemtel, Amaury; Drevon, Caroline
2014-01-01
AREVA has a unique experience in providing sustainable solutions for used fuel management, fitted with the needs of different customers in the world and with regulation in different countries. These solutions entail both recycling and interim storage technologies. In a first part, we will describe the various types of solutions for Interim Storage of UNF that have been implemented around the world for interim storage at reactor or centralized Pad solution in canisters dry storage, vault type storages for dry storage, dry storage of transportation casks (dual purpose) pools for wet storage, The experience for all these different families of interim storages in which AREVA is involved is extensive and will be discussed with respect to the new challenges: increase of the duration of the interim storage (long term interim storage) increase of burn up of the fuels In a second part of the presentation, special recycling features will be presented. In that case, interim storage of the used fuels is ensured in pools. This provides in the long term good conditions for the behaviour of the fuel and its retrievability. With recycling, the final waste (Universal Canister of vitrified fission products and compacted hulls and end pieces): is stable and licensed in many countries for the final disposal (France, UK, Belgium, NL, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, upcoming: Spain, Australia, Italy). Presents neither safety criticality risks nor proliferation risks (AREVA conditioned HLW and LL-ILW are free of IAEA safeguard constraints thanks to AREVA process high recovery and purification yields). It can therefore be safely stored in interim storage for more than 100 years before final disposal. Some economic considerations will also be discussed. In particular, in the case of long term interim storage of used fuels, there are growing uncertainties regarding the future needs of repackaging and transportation, which can result in future cost overruns. Meanwhile, in the recycling policy
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Retention of long-term interim restorations with sodium fluoride enriched interim cement
Strash, Carolyn
Purpose: Interim fixed dental prostheses, or "provisional restorations", are fabricated to restore teeth when definitive prostheses are made indirectly. Patients undergoing extensive prosthodontic treatment frequently require provisionalization for several months or years. The ideal interim cement would retain the restoration for as long as needed and still allow for ease of removal. It would also avoid recurrent caries by preventing demineralization of tooth structure. This study aims to determine if adding sodium fluoride varnish to interim cement may assist in the retention of interim restorations. Materials and methods: stainless steel dies representing a crown preparation were fabricated. Provisional crowns were milled for the dies using CAD/CAM technology. Crowns were provisionally cemented onto the dies using TempBond NE and NexTemp provisional cements as well as a mixture of TempBond NE and Duraphat fluoride varnish. Samples were stored for 24h then tested or thermocycled for 2500 or 5000 cycles before being tested. Retentive strength of each cement was recorded using a universal testing machine. Results: TempBond NE and NexTemp cements performed similarly when tested after 24h. The addition of Duraphat significantly decreased the retention when added to TempBond NE. NexTemp cement had high variability in retention over all tested time periods. Thermocycling for 2500 and 5000 cycles significantly decreased the retention of all cements. Conclusions: The addition of Duraphat fluoride varnish significantly decreased the retention of TempBond NE and is therefore not recommended for clinical use. Thermocycling significantly reduced the retention of TempBond NE and NexTemp. This may suggest that use of these cements for three months, as simulated in this study, is not recommended.
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13 CFR 120.400 - Loan Guarantee Agreements.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan Guarantee Agreements. 120.400 Section 120.400 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders § 120... specific proposed loan that a Lender may submit. The existence of a Loan Guarantee Agreement does not limit...
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2010-01-01
... Basic Policies § 1710.100 General. RUS makes loans and loan guarantees to finance the construction of..., RUS may finance selected operating expenses of its borrowers. Loans made or guaranteed by the...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Leushacke, D.F.; Rittscher, D.
1996-01-01
In line with the decision taken in 1990 to shut down and decommission the Greifswald and Rheinsberg Nuclear Power Stations, the waste management concept of the Energiewerke Nord is based on direct and complete decommissioning of the six shut down reactor units within the next fifteen years. One key element of this concept is the construction and use of the Zwischenlager Nord (Nord Interim Store, ZLN) for holding the existing nuclear fuels and for interim and decay storage of the radioactive materials arising in decommissioning and demolition. The owner and operator of the store is Energiewerke Nord GmbH. The interim store has the functions of a processing and Energiewerke Nord GmbH. The interim store has the functions of a processing and treatment station and buffer store for the flows of residues arising. As a radioactive waste management station, it accommodates nuclear fuels, radioactive waste or residues which are not treated any further. It is used as a buffer store to allow the materials accumulating in disassembly to be stored temporarily before or after treatment in order to ensure continuous loading of the treatment plants. When operated as a processing station, the ZLN is able to handle nearly all types of radioactive waste and residues arising, except for nuclear fuels. These installations allow the treatment of radioactive residues to be separated from the demolition work both physically and in time. The possibilities of interium storage and buffer storage of untreated waste and waste packages make for high flexibility in logistics and waste management strategy. (orig.) [de
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Interim storage of radioactive waste packages
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1998-01-01
This report covers all the principal aspects of production and interim storage of radioactive waste packages. The latest design solutions of waste storage facilities and the operational experiences of developed countries are described and evaluated in order to assist developing Member States in decision making and design and construction of their own storage facilities. This report is applicable to any category of radioactive waste package prepared for interim storage, including conditioned spent fuel, high level waste and sealed radiation sources. This report addresses the following issues: safety principles and requirements for storage of waste packages; treatment and conditioning methods for the main categories of radioactive waste; examples of existing interim storage facilities for LILW, spent fuel and high level waste; operational experience of Member States in waste storage operations including control of storage conditions, surveillance of waste packages and observation of the behaviour of waste packages during storage; retrieval of waste packages from storage facilities; technical and administrative measures that will ensure optimal performance of waste packages subject to various periods of interim storage
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7 CFR 1737.60 - Telephone loan budget.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Telephone loan budget. 1737.60 Section 1737.60... Cost Estimation Procedures § 1737.60 Telephone loan budget. (a) RUS shall prepare a “Telephone Loan Budget” (RUS Form 493) showing all costs for the proposed project and the amount of loan and nonloan...
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Bank Consolidation and Consumer Loan Interest Rates
Charles Kahn; George Pennacchi; Ben Sopranzetti
2001-01-01
The recent wave of bank mergers has raised concern with its effect on competition. This paper examines the influence of concentration and merger activity on consumer loan interest rates. It uses Bank Rate Monitor, Inc. survey data on loan rates quoted weekly by large commercial banks in ten major U.S. cities during the 1989 to 1997 period. The pricing behavior of banks is analyzed for two types of loans: new automobile loans and unsecured personal loans. Market concentration is found to have ...
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24 CFR 201.40 - Post-disbursement loan requirements.
2010-04-01
...-disbursement loan requirements. (a) Discovery of misstatements of fact. If, after a loan has been made, the lender discovers any material misstatement of fact or that the loan proceeds have been misused by the... insurance of the loan shall not be affected unless such material misstatement of fact or misuse of loan...
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7 CFR 1610.5 - Minimum Bank loan.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum Bank loan. 1610.5 Section 1610.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.5 Minimum Bank loan. A Bank loan will not be made unless the applicant qualifies for a Bank...
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24 CFR 1007.30 - Security for loan.
2010-04-01
... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Security for loan. 1007.30 Section... SECTION 184A LOAN GUARANTEES FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN HOUSING § 1007.30 Security for loan. (a) In general. A... Lands is used as collateral or security for the loan, the following additional provisions apply: (1...
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Economic Loan Loss Provision and Expected Loss
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stefan Hlawatsch
2010-10-01
Full Text Available The intention of a loan loss provision is the anticipation of the loan's expected losses by adjusting the book value of the loan. Furthermore, this loan loss provision has to be compared to the expected loss according to Basel II and, in the case of a difference, liable equity has to be adjusted. This however assumes that the loan loss provision and the expected loss are based on a similar economic rationale, which is only valid conditionally in current loan loss provisioning methods according to IFRS. Therefore, differences between loan loss provisions and expected losses should only result from different approaches regarding the parameter estimation within each model and not due to different assumptions regarding the outcome of the model. The provisioning and accounting model developed in this paper overcomes the before-mentioned shortcomings and is consistent with an economic rationale of expected losses. Additionally, this model is based on a close-to-market valuation of the loan that is in favor of the basic idea of IFRS. Suggestions for changes in current accounting and capital requirement rules are provided.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bernard Ndirangu Wachira
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Household loans remain the engine to productivity and economic growth globally. Non-prime household loan is essential, because it enables the borrowers with no collateral to access credit from Microfinance Banks. The survival and sustainability of non-prime household loans globally is therefore significant. Credit risk however remains the main deterrent of the soundness of Microfinance Banks. This leads to the poor performance of microfinance institutions in many economies in the world. Several countries globally are making inroad in reducing the credit risks, which lead to the poor performance of Microfinance Banks. It is still unknown why the credit risk affects the performance of non-prime household loans in the Microfinance Banks domiciled in Kenya. The reason for conducting this study is to determine the level at which the third party loan guarantee and the performance of non-prime household loans relate to the Microfinance Banks in Kenya. Particularly, this study is to determine how the amount secured by guarantee, recoveries from guarantors, percentage of loan secured, and percentage recoveries from guarantors relate to the performance of nonprime household loans in the Microfinance Banks in Kenya. The population was 516 senior management employees of the banks. The researcher conducted a multiple regression analysis for determining the relationship between the amount secured by guarantee—recoveries from guarantors, percentage granted, and percentage recoveries—and the performance of non-prime household loans. The R and R2 were used for determining the strength of the relationship and the coefficient of determination at 0.05 level of significance of variables. The result of this study reveals that there exists a strong relationship between the dependent and independent variables, thereby contradicting the null hypothesis, which states that the relationship does not exist. The percentage of the recoveries from the guarantors over the
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Gender and Banking: Are Women Better Loan Officers?
Thorsten Beck; Patrick Behr; Andre Guettler
2013-01-01
We analyze gender differences associated with loan officer performance. Using a unique data set for a commercial bank in Albania over the period 1996 to 2006, we find that loans screened and monitored by female loan officers show statistically and economically significant lower default rates than loans handled by male loan officers. This effect comes in addition to a lower default rate of female borrowers and cannot be explained by sample selection, overconfidence of male loan officers or exp...
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7 CFR 1436.8 - Security for loan.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Security for loan. 1436.8 Section 1436.8 Agriculture... Security for loan. (a) Except as agreed to by CCC, all loans must be secured by a promissory note and... prior lien holders. (2) A loan will be considered to be adequately secured when the real estate security...
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49 CFR 22.57 - Loan reporting requirements.
2010-10-01
... indicates the date in which the loan has been activated/funded. The form is available at http://www.osdbu... repayment of the STLP loan, or upon expiration of the loan guarantee. The form is available at http://www... Report and form DOT F 2305-1 Guaranty Loan Status Report. These forms are available at http://www.osdbu...
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13 CFR 120.546 - Loan asset sales.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan asset sales. 120.546 Section....546 Loan asset sales. (a) General. Loan asset sales are governed by § 120.545(b)(4) and by this... consented to SBA's sale of the loan (guaranteed and unguaranteed portions) in an asset sale conducted or...
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7 CFR 771.14 - Loan monitoring.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan monitoring. 771.14 Section 771.14 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.14 Loan monitoring. (a) Annual and periodic... any potential problems or concerns. (b) Performance monitoring. At any time FSA determines it...
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Interlibrary Loan Communications Subsystem: Users Manual.
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., Dublin, OH.
The OCLC Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Communications Subsystem provides participating libraries with on-line control of ILL transactions. This user manual includes a glossary of terms related to the procedures in using the system. Sections describe computer entry, searching, loan request form, loan response form, ILL procedures, the special message…
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Race and Subprime Loan Pricing
Hernandez, Ruben; Owyang, Michael; Ghent, Andra
2011-01-01
In this paper we investigate whether race and ethnicity influenced subprime loan pricing during 2005, the peak of the subprime mortgage expansion. We combine loan-level data on the performance of non-prime securitized mortgages with individual- and neighborhood-level data on racial and ethnic characteristics for metropolitan areas in California and Florida. Using a model of rate determination that accounts for predicted loan performance, we evaluate the presence of disparate impact and dispar...
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7 CFR 1744.63 - The telephone loan budget.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false The telephone loan budget. 1744.63 Section 1744.63... Disbursement of Funds § 1744.63 The telephone loan budget. When the loan is made, RUS provides the borrower a Telephone Loan Budget, RUS Form 493. This budget divides the loan into budget accounts such as “Engineering...
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The determinants of loan contracts to business firms
Pham, Thi Thu Trà; Lensink, Robert
2006-01-01
This paper deals with loan contracting from a private bank in Vietnam. We focus on the main loan contract features that the bank uses in lending to business firms, namely loan maturity, collateral and loan interest rate. Based upon the simultaneous equation model of Dennis et al. (2000) and the bank’s loan contracting policies, we examine the possible interdependency of the three different loan contract terms. Also, we try to determine which firm characteristics and exogenous factors are rele...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nancy C. Deringer
2013-03-01
Full Text Available Higher education costs have increased substantially over the past two decades and, therefore, student loan debt has increased as well. Studies have shown that one earns more money over one’s lifetime if he/she has a four-year college degree. In fact, it is often substantially more depending upon one’s profession. However, for some individuals, the costs of funding higher education may be confusing and often times overwhelming. A study was completed at a university in the pacific northwest (n=778 which asked college students about their financial behaviors, credit card debt, student loan debt, discussions with parents, and in what topics or workshops they would like more information. Based on this data, faculty and graduate students from the school of family and consumer sciences and staff from the student financial aid office are creating workshops and curriculum to assist students in managing their debt and finances.
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2010-01-01
... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Direct Loan and Grant Origination § 3560.72 Loan closing. (a... all cases, the borrower must: (1) Provide evidence that an Agency-approved accounting system is in... cost of the work performed in connection with the construction contract in accordance with 7 CFR part...
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29 CFR 4043.67 - Loan default.
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan default. 4043.67 Section 4043.67 Labor Regulations... CERTAIN OTHER NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS Advance Notice of Reportable Events § 4043.67 Loan default. (a) Reportable event and information required. Advance notice is required for a loan default, as described in...
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7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan Limitations. 761.8 Section 761.8 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS GENERAL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION General Provisions § 761.8 Loan Limitations. (a) Dollar... cannot exceed any of the following at the time of loan closing or assumption of indebtedness. If the...
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7 CFR 1951.885 - Loan classifications.
2010-01-01
... classifications is of obvious importance. However, the function of the Substandard classification is to indicate... seasoned loan, a loan must: (1) Have a remaining principal loan balance of two-thirds or less of the... intermediary's operation or an imbalanced position in the balance sheet which has not reached a point that...
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7 CFR 1435.104 - Loan maintenance.
2010-01-01
... quality and quantity as collateral to satisfy the processor's loan indebtedness to CCC. CCC shall not assume any loss in quantity or quality of the loan collateral. (2) The processor is responsible for... and in-process sugar pledged as loan collateral need not be stored identity preserved. (4) When the...
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2010-01-01
... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Direct Loan and Grant Origination § 3560.63 Loan limits. (a... Agency will analyze Federal Government and other assistance provided to any MFH project to establish the... differently in a Memorandum of Understanding between the Agency and the state agency that allocates low-income...
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Federal Student Loan Amounts and Terms for Loans Issued in 2016-17
Project on Student Debt, 2016
2016-01-01
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, enrolled at least half time in a qualified program at a participating school, not in default on a prior federal student loan, and not previously convicted of a drug offense while receiving federal financial aid are eligible to apply for a student loan. The chart presented in this report summarizes the interest…
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2010-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What are the restrictions on the sale of assets by the FDIC if the buyer wants to finance the purchase with a loan from the FDIC? 340.3 Section 340.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY RESTRICTIONS ON SALE OF ASSETS BY THE FEDERAL...
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Covenant Violations and Dynamic Loan Contracting
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Freudenberg, Felix; Imbierowicz, Björn; Saunders, Anthony
2017-01-01
This paper examines the dynamic allocation of control rights in private debt contracts of firms. We show that a covenant violation in the prior loan contract implies a stigma for borrowers which results in stricter loan contract terms in subsequent new loan contracts. Our analyses reject...... potentially other explanations such as firm characteristics or agency problems between the lender and firm management, shareholders or public debtholders. After covenant violations in the prior contract, new loans have on average 18 bps higher spreads and include more of those covenant types which also have...
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76 FR 58790 - Notice of Interim Approval
2011-09-22
... to the customers. Rate Scenario 3--Original Cumberland Marketing Policy The third rate alternative... an interim basis to the customers. Rate Scenario 3--Original Cumberland Marketing Policy The third... allocated on an interim basis to the customers. Rate Scenario 3--Original Cumberland Marketing Policy The...
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Evaluation Of Loan Disbursement And Repayment Of Supervised ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Evaluation Of Loan Disbursement And Repayment Of Supervised Credit ... bank as regard to loan supervision was scored low as a result of low rate of loan recovery, ... strategy to recover outstanding debts and reduce interest charge on loans.
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Financing Nuclear Power Plant Projects. A New Paradigm?
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Pehuet Lucet, Fabienne
2015-05-01
There are currently 435 operable nuclear power reactors around the world, with a further 71 under construction. Two main proven financing models were applied to nuclear plants in the past: the national model, and the corporate model. The historical model of financing is the national model. It allowed for the most efficient risk allocation model in then-regulated national electricity markets: government or state-owned utilities with government guarantee assumed the risks of building nuclear power plants locally. The national model has proven to be efficient in France, Russia and the USA where it was modified to support private business initiatives. It was then replicated in Japan, Korea and China where significant nuclear programs were developed. In the corporate business model, the owner of the plant assumes most of the risk, but various schemes are used to mitigate the owner's risk by transmitting large areas of risks to others: vendors for construction risk as in Finland, government through loans guarantees etc. As projects became international, a set of common principles were approved by OECD countries concerning financing and the role of Export Credit Agencies. The objective was to provide competition rules whereby exporters compete on the basis of the price and quality of their products rather than the financial terms provided. Various combinations of these models were and still are implemented. Pure Project Finance was not implemented for nuclear power plants, but the model nurtures reflections about new financing models. The context in which nuclear power projects are now decided and financed changed drastically: it is a new paradigm. Risk allocation and financial conditions are at the forefront of competition to win new nuclear projects' tenders insofar as reducing uncertainties is a decisive competition edge. In a context of electricity market deregulation and high construction risks, investors and lenders require more and more securities to
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The Interim Financial Statements: The Case of Greece
Rogdaki, E.I.; Kazantzis, Ch.
1999-01-01
The following paper refers to the accounting and auditing issues which emerge in the preparation of the interim financial statements of the companies: Firstly, the interim financial statements are defined as being the financial statements that provide useful information about the financial position and the financial results of a company which are realized and accrued during the fiscal year. The interim financial statements can be prepared on a monthly basis, on a quarterly basis or covering a...
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2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bank loans. 100.82 Section 100.82 Federal... Contributions § 100.82 Bank loans. (a) General provisions. A loan of money to a political committee or a candidate by a State bank, a federally chartered depository institution (including a national bank) or a...
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2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bank loans. 100.142 Section 100.142 Federal... Expenditures § 100.142 Bank loans. (a) General provisions. Repayment of a loan of money to a candidate or a political committee by a State bank, a federally chartered depository institution (including a national bank...
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NON-PERFORMING LOANS DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
ILIE RĂSCOLEAN
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Bad loans are essentially loans with arrears of 90 days or more, and the criterion of 90 days is the most common practice in different countries to determine indicators on the bad in lending. Credit risk is one of the most important financial risks facing the banking system is assumed by all credit institutions and may cause serious problems so that bank and the whole system if risk exposure is substantial. From this point of view, the most important function of bank management is to control the quality of the loan portfolio. This is because the poor quality of loans is the leading cause of bankruptcy. In accordance with the central bank, credit institutions are obliged to protect the bank's capital and the deposits of individuals and legal entities and to cover any loans that present uncertainties in recovery, to determine and utilize prudential value adjustments. The central bank aims NPL development using aggregated indicators on credit institutions. Conclusions are presented on developments and trends in non-performing loans in the portfolio of credit institutions in Romania.
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77 FR 76414 - William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program
2012-12-28
... Federal Direct Loan Program AGENCY: Department of Education. ACTION: Final regulations; correction... Loan (Perkins Loan) Program; the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program; and the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program, including the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
2014-03-01
What are the solutions to the municipal budget cuts? How can the cities finance their energy transition? What can we do to make it a driving force to boost the local economy and job creation? What are the new financial cash flows for this new economy? One of the solutions is to rethink financing solutions, and the local authorities that are engaged in energy transition are the best placed to do so. Many cities have voluntarily committed to reducing CO_2 emissions on their territories, notably by increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources. Nearly 6,500 cities are committed to the objective to meet and exceed the European Union 20% CO_2 reduction objective by 2020. They have already developed their Baseline Emissions Inventories and Sustainable Energy Action Plans and thus are well aware of the energy flows on their territories, energy saving potential and the cost-effectiveness of the planned measures. The next step is to secure their financing sources and here both the private and public sector play a key role. Governments at all levels (European, national, regional and local), financial institutions, businesses, citizens and other local stakeholders should channel part of their funds to measures that help achieving our common energy and climate goals. Local authorities' role is to motivate and coordinate players on their territory. For its part, the European Union increased the amount allocated to energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in its 2014-2020 budget, giving a signal that a shift towards a low carbon economy is one of its top priorities. This could be a significant boost for local energy transition. However, the European Commission also announced that the EU budget should be spent in a more sustainable way and announced a progressive move from grants to loans and innovative financial instruments, in particular for projects that are viable on the current market. Many front-running Covenant signatories dedicate their human
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yulius Yulius
2001-09-01
Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to study the implication of financial liberalization to the heavy reliance of firms to the indirect finance in Japanese experience. In order to analyze the goal of this article, we start to examine the causes of the main bank system in Japan before and the pre-war period. Then, this article discusses the impacts of financial liberalization to the to the heavy reliance on the indirect-financing for business firms in the light with Japan’s financial market, particularly the main bank system. Finally, this article also discusses the implication of loose relationship of big firms and major banks (main bank system to the recent financial condition in starting from the early of 1990s until now. This article discovered that financial liberalization, which started at the latter half of 1970s, has shaken the foundation of the main bank system. The major firms started to less dependent on the major banks and they issued the securities in domestic and international market. As a consequence, the SMBS still depend on the banks as their source of indirect financing. However, the competitiveness in the SMBS market turned to erode the bank profits that induced them to enter the risk activities, such as real estate. In addition, the bubble burst economy also triggered the boom in real estate. Naturally, as a nature of risk asset, loan to the real estate became the potential of bad loans that also was exacerbated the bubble burst in economy. Then, the financial crisis has revealed in 1990s.
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THE LOAN CONTRACT IN THE NEW CIVIL CODE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
LIVIA MOCANU
2012-05-01
Full Text Available The new Civil Code maintains, mainly, the stipulations of the Civil Code of 1865 regarding loan contracts, in its both forms (the loan for use and the loan for consumption. As a variety of the loan for consumption, a few new specific stipulations were included, regarding the loan with interest.This research is focused on the current regulation of the loan contract, including a series of changes, of which the most important refers to: the loan promise, the risk regarding the asset placed in a bailment, property transfer and the risk in the loan for consumption contract, loan return and the interest regime. Also, what kept my attention is the significant changes brought to the interest regime by the Law for applying the Civil Code, included for now in Chapter I of the O.G. no. 13/2011, regarding the legal compensatory interest and the penalty interest for financial duties, as well as for the regulation of certain financial-fiscal measures in the banking department.
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Personal finances of urology residents in Canada.
Teichman, J M; Tongco, W; MacNeily, A E; Smart, M
2000-12-01
We examined how Urology residents in Canada manage their personal finances. A survey instrument was designed to elicit information on demographics, expenses, savings and incomes. The questionnaire was completed by 40 Urology residents attending the 2000 Queen's Urology Exam Skills Training (QUEST) program. Twenty-eight residents (70%) had educational debt (median debt $50 000). Seventeen residents (45%) paid credit card interest charges within the last year. Four residents (10%) maintained an unpaid credit card balance > $7500 at 17% annual interest rate. Twenty-six residents (67%) contributed to Registered Retirement Savings Program (RRSP) accounts. Seventeen residents (44%) contributed to non-RRSP retirement accounts. Nineteen residents (50%) budgeted expenses. Median resident income was $45 000. Thirteen residents (34%) had cash reserves < $250. Many residents save little, and incur substantial debt over and above educational loans. Many residents would benefit from instruction concerning prudent financial management. Residents should be informed of the consequences of low saving and high debt.
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Effectiveness of interim remedial actions at a radioactive waste facility
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Devgun, J.S.; Beskid, N.J.; Peterson, J.M.; Seay, W.M.; McNamee, E.
1989-01-01
Over the past eight years, several interim remedial actions have been taken at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS), primarily to reduce radon and gamma radiation exposures and to consolidate radioactive waste into a waste containment facility. Interim remedial actions have included capping of vents, sealing of pipes, relocation of the perimeter fence (to limit radon risk), transfer and consolidation of waste, upgrading of storage buildings, construction of a clay cutoff wall (to limit the potential groundwater transport of contaminants), treatment and release of contaminated water, interim use of a synthetic liner, and emplacement of an interim clay cap. An interim waste containment facility was completed in 1986. 6 refs., 3 figs
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24 CFR 241.1100 - Prepayment privilege and charges.
2010-04-01
... AUTHORITIES SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCING FOR INSURED PROJECT MORTGAGES Insurance for Equity Loans and Acquisition... prepayment may not be included in a loan of $200,000 or less. (b) Prepayment of bond-financed loan. Where the lender has obtained the funds for the loan by the issuance and sale of bonds or bond anticipation notes...
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INVESTMENT FINANCING THROUGH THE "PROJECT FINANCE"
Molina Arenaza, Hércules; Del Carpio Gallegos, Javier
2014-01-01
This article analizes and compares the various aspects related to the "Project Finance" technique using projects financing in the Capital Market, both in developed countries and in developing countries. Likewise, the application's technique is illustrated by Antamina mining enterprise. El artículo analiza y compara los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la técnica del Project finance usado en el financiamiento de proyectos en el mercado de capitales, tanto en los países desarrollados com...
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Uranium loans: Delaying the day of reckoning
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1993-01-01
Spot market volume so far this year, by NUKEM's estimates, comes to just under 11 million lbs. It appears that existing loans are either being extended, or paid back with material borrowed from other sources. Therefore, there has been no significant amount of purchases on the spot market to pay back borrowed uranium. How do we know the loans have not been paid back with spot purchases? For one thing, the amount of uranium loans outstanding has increased. According to our current survey, there may now be as much as 32 million lbs U3O8 equivalent in outstanding loans. At current prices, it's cheaper to borrow than to buy uranium. So borrowers are gambling that prices will remain low for some time, allowing them to delay repayment of the loans. Borrowers then, in essence, are delaying the day of reckoning on these loans. How long they can do so is anyone's guess. As long as uranium is in abundance and utilities remain willing to lend it out, loan activity will likely remain at or near current levels. But when supplies tighten and the market swings in a more positive direction, borrowers may get caught scrambling to repay their loans as quickly as possible
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Project financing versus corporate financing under asymmetric information
Anton Miglo
2008-01-01
In recent years financing through the creation of an independent project company or financing by non-recourse debt has become an important part of corporate decisions. Shah and Thakor (JET, 1987) argue that project financing can be optimal when asymmetric information exists between firm's insiders and market participants. In contrast to that paper, we provide an asymmetric information argument for project financing without relying on corporate taxes, costly information production or an assump...
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7 CFR 1421.113 - Recourse marketing assistance loans.
2010-01-01
... assistance loan collateral may not be delivered or forfeited to CCC in satisfaction of the loan indebtedness... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Recourse marketing assistance loans. 1421.113 Section... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS GRAINS AND SIMILARLY HANDLED...
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Wang, Marian; Supiano, Beckie; Fuller, Andrea
2012-01-01
As the cost of college has spiraled ever upward and median family income has fallen, the loan program, called Parent PLUS, has become indispensable for increasing numbers of parents desperate to make their children's college plans work. Last year the government disbursed $10.6-billion in Parent PLUS loans to just under a million families. Even…
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jovičić Daliborka
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Financing agribusiness by warehouse receipts allows the agricultural producers to obtain working capital on the basis of agricultural products stored in licensed warehouses, as collateral. The implementation of the system of licensed warehouses and issuance of warehouse receipts as collateral for obtaining a bank loan is supported by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and it has had positive results in the neighbouring countries. The precondition for financing this project was to establish a Compensation Fund for providing insurance coverage for licensed warehouses against professional liability. However, in the lack of an adequate legal framework, the operational risk is possible to occur. Bearing in mind that Serbia has a tradition in insurance industry and a number of operating insurance companies, the issue is that of the economic benefit and the method of insuring against this risk. The paper will present a detailed analysis of the operation of the Fund, capital requirement, solvency margin and a critical review of the Law on Public Warehouses which regulates the rights and obligations of the Compensation Fund in the case of loss occurrence.
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2010-04-01
... collateral securing the loan under § 103.36(d)(2), and has a residual loss after doing so, it must send BIA... principal collateral securing the loan; or (iii) One hundred eighty calendar days after the date of the default. (b) For insured loans, after liquidating all loan collateral, the lender must submit a claim for...
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24 CFR 201.51 - Proceeding against the loan security.
2010-04-01
....51 Proceeding against the loan security. (a) Property improvement loans. (1) After acceleration of maturity on a secured property improvement loan, the lender may either proceed against the loan security... proceeds against the loan security, it may submit an insurance claim only if it complies with the...
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7 CFR 1427.23 - Cotton loan deficiency payments.
2010-01-01
..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Nonrecourse Cotton Loan and Loan... intentions to receive a loan deficiency payment on the identified commodity or (ii) A completed request for a... cotton based on a locked-in adjusted world price, provide identifying numbers for modules or other...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
ADRIANA IOŢA
2014-10-01
Full Text Available In the current economic context, with a major increase in the foreign business of the Romanian companies, there is a need to finance their activities from various sources in order to meet competition. For this reason I aimed, with this paper, to identify the way to finance current business of foreign trade companies. Considering that for the majority of foreign trade transactions settlement is performed after a maturity established by agreement between the partners, in this interval various payment obligations may occur, reason for which companies resort to short-term funding sources, usually of the revolving type. This paper presents on one hand the financial features of two forms of crediting current activity, most often contracted by companies engaged in foreign trade, as the credit line and the global working loans. In the case of the credit line we presented the accounting methodology applicable to a company that engaged in foreign trade, with the purpose of highlighting the accounting peculiarities of the records of the currency credit line, as well as the costs (interests, fees these imply.
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7 CFR 1718.104 - Availability of model loan contract.
2010-01-01
..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Loan Contracts With Distribution Borrowers § 1718.104 Availability of model loan contract. Single copies of the model loan contract (RUS... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Availability of model loan contract. 1718.104 Section...
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An Approach for Evaluating the Technical Quality of Interim Assessments
Li, Ying; Marion, Scott; Perie, Marianne; Gong, Brian
2010-01-01
Increasing numbers of schools and districts have expressed interest in interim assessment systems to prepare for summative assessments and to improve teaching and learning. However, with so many commercial interim assessments available, schools and districts are struggling to determine which interim assessment is most appropriate to their needs.…
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12 CFR 614.4470 - Loans subject to bank approval.
2010-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loans subject to bank approval. 614.4470 Section 614.4470 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS Loan Approval Requirements § 614.4470 Loans subject to bank approval. (a) The following loans...
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7 CFR 772.14 - Reamortization of AMP loans.
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reamortization of AMP loans. 772.14 Section 772.14... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SERVICING MINOR PROGRAM LOANS § 772.14 Reamortization of AMP loans. The Agency may approve reamortization of AMP loans provided: (a) There is no extension of the final maturity date...
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24 CFR 510.1 - Multi-family property loans.
2010-04-01
... any partnership which is a borrower on a section 312 loan shall be personally liable for repayment of the section 312 loan. Limited partners shall assume personal liability by co-signing the loan note as... not relieve the partnership or corporate borrower from securing the section 312 loan by a mortgage or...
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Rules versus discretion in loan rate setting
Cerqueiro, G.M.; Degryse, H.A.; Ongena, S.
2011-01-01
Loan rates for seemingly identical borrowers often exhibit substantial dispersion. This paper investigates the determinants of the dispersion in interest rates on loans granted by banks to small and medium sized enterprises. We associate this dispersion with the loan officers’ use of “discretion” in
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75 FR 9246 - Cooperative Share Loan Insurance
2010-03-01
... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-14] Cooperative Share Loan... comments on the subject proposal. New guidance for cooperative housing loan insurance will be published to update existing policies, and better enable mortgagees to submit cooperative share loans for FHA...
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2010-04-01
... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Repayment of certain loans by mutual savings banks, building and loan associations, and cooperative banks. 1.592-1 Section 1.592-1 Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Mutual Savings Banks, Etc. § 1.592-1 Repayment of certain loans by mutual savings banks, building...
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Disposal facility data for the interim performance
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Eiholzer, C.R.
1995-01-01
The purpose of this report is to identify and provide information on the waste package and disposal facility concepts to be used for the low-level waste tank interim performance assessment. Current concepts for the low-level waste form, canister, and the disposal facility will be used for the interim performance assessment. The concept for the waste form consists of vitrified glass cullet in a sulfur polymer cement matrix material. The waste form will be contained in a 2 x 2 x 8 meter carbon steel container. Two disposal facility concepts will be used for the interim performance assessment. These facility concepts are based on a preliminary disposal facility concept developed for estimating costs for a disposal options configuration study. These disposal concepts are based on vault type structures. None of the concepts given in this report have been approved by a Tank Waste Remediation Systems (TWRS) decision board. These concepts will only be used in th interim performance assessment. Future performance assessments will be based on approved designs
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13 CFR 120.315 - Interest rate and loan limit.
2010-01-01
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interest rate and loan limit. 120... Special Purpose Loans Disabled Assistance Loan Program (dal) § 120.315 Interest rate and loan limit. The interest rate on direct DAL loans is three percent. There is an administrative limit of $150,000 on a...
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42 CFR 57.213a - Loan cancellation reimbursement.
2010-10-01
... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan cancellation reimbursement. 57.213a Section 57... Professions Student Loans § 57.213a Loan cancellation reimbursement. (a) For loans made prior to October 22... credited to this insurance fund), and used only to reimburse the school for the institutional share of any...
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12 CFR 32.7 - Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans.
2010-01-01
... concerns about credit quality, undue concentrations in the bank's portfolio of residential real estate, small business, or small farm loans, or concerns about the bank's overall credit risk management systems...
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7 CFR 1703.112 - Expedited telecommunications loans
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Expedited telecommunications loans 1703.112 Section... § 1703.112 Expedited telecommunications loans RUS will expedite consideration and determination of an application submitted by an RUS telecommunications borrower for a loan under the Act or an advance of such...
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Exit Counseling Guide for Federal Student Loan Borrowers
Federal Student Aid, US Department of Education, 2010
2010-01-01
Student loans, unlike grants and work-study, are borrowed money that must be repaid, with interest, just like car loans and home mortgages. You cannot have these loans canceled because you didn't like the education you received, didn't get a job in your field of study or because you're having financial difficulty. Loans are legal obligations that…
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ernest Osas Ugiagbe
2014-04-01
Full Text Available The study examines the perceptions of the services of the micro finance Institutions by the women service users, and how the services of micro Institutions affect businesses of the beneficiaries of the micro credit loans. The research design for the study was the survey method. The instruments of data collection were structured questionnaires and in-depth interview. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered to the female participants, and senior management personnel of the micro credit institutions were interviewed. The cluster and simple random sampling were used to select the participants for the study. The leaders of registered unions were the informants. The result reveals that the poor services and attitude of officials of micro finance institutions and other problems like the regressive tax regimes, harsh economic climate and patriarchy are negatively affecting the business ventures of the loan beneficiaries and by implication the goals of poverty reduction via micro credit scheme . The women beneficiaries are groaning under the burden of loan repayment and meeting other obligations as mothers and wives. This study is applicable in the context of social policy development at this time when social services delivery is not only poor but at dismal level. The need for gender sensitive and social development becomes imperative. It is critical to social work practice in the context of advocacy, empowerment programs, facilitating and initiating service delivery and Community organizing by social workers that will enhance the war against Poverty and other social impediments against women empowerment in Nigeria. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE
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Cumulative Student Loan Debt in Minnesota, 2015
Williams-Wyche, Shaun
2016-01-01
To better understand student debt in Minnesota, the Minnesota Office of Higher Education (the Office) gathers information on cumulative student loan debt from Minnesota degree-granting institutions. These data detail the number of students with loans by institution, the cumulative student loan debt incurred at that institution, and the percentage…
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Credit Derivatives and Loan Pricing
Norden, L.; Wagner, W.B.
2007-01-01
This paper examines the relationship between the new markets for credit default swaps (CDS) and the pricing of syndicated loans to U.S. corporates. We find that changes in CDS spreads have a significantly positive coefficient and explain about 25% of subsequent monthly changes in aggregate loan
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1974-01-01
The offer of the United States to loan Californium-252 sources to the IAEA was made by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, then chairman of the USAEC, in his opening statement at the 15th. General Conference of the IAEA held in Vienna in 1971. The purpose of this loan was to make neutron emitting sources available to universities in the Member States for use in educational programmes. The sources, in the form of small needles designed for medical use in radiation therapy, were judged highly suitable for didactic applications due to their small size, limited activity and well documented radiological parameters. Subsequently, in May 1973, the Director General announced the availability of the Californium sources to the Member States. To date, numerous sources have been loaned to universities in Czechoslovakia, Costa Rica, the Federal Republic of Germany, Ghana, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Uruguay; additional applications for loans are being processed. It is anticipated that the loan programme will be terminated in 1975 once all the available sources have been distributed. n order to provide guidance for the Member States on the safe exploitation of these sources, a prototype use and storage facility was designed by IAEA staff of the Dosimetry Section of the Division of Life Sciences, and constructed at the IAEA laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria. Figures 2-5 illustrate some of the details of this container, which is being given to the Ghana Nuclear Centre in support of a training programme for students at the university in Accra. Further advice to users of these sources will be provided by the publication of an instructional syllabus, a laboratory manual for experiments and the safety precautions inherent in the proper handling of neutron emitting radionuclides, authored by Professors Erich J. Hall and Harald H. Rossi of Columbia University. The syllabus and manual will be published as part of the IAEA Technical Series in September
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1992-01-01
The subject Interim Measures/Interim Remedial Action plan/Environmental Assessment (IM/IRAP/EA) addresses residual free-phase volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination suspected in the subsurface within an area identified as Operable Unit No. 2 (OU2). This IM/IRAP/EA also addresses radionuclide contamination beneath the 903 Pad at OU2. Although subsurface VOC and radionuclide contamination on represent a source of OU2 ground-water contamination, they pose no immediate threat to public health or the environment. This volume contains five appendices
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cowan, A.
1998-01-01
Project financing was defined ('where a lender to a specific project has recourse only to the cash flow and assets of that project for repayment and security respectively') and its attributes were described. Project financing was said to be particularly well suited to power, pipeline, mining, telecommunications, petro-chemicals, road construction, and oil and gas projects, i.e. large infrastructure projects that are difficult to fund on-balance sheet, where the risk profile of a project does not fit the corporation's risk appetite, or where higher leverage is required. Sources of project financing were identified. The need to analyze and mitigate risks, and being aware that lenders always take a conservative view and gravitate towards the lowest common denominator, were considered the key to success in obtaining project financing funds. TransAlta Corporation's project financing experiences were used to illustrate the potential of this source of financing
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Student Loan Default Rates in Minnesota, 2007
Grimes, Tricia
2010-01-01
While Minnesota undergraduates are more likely to take out student loans, they are substantially less likely than their peers nationally to default on federal student loans. Fifty-four percent of Minnesota undergraduates took out student loans in 2007-2008, compared to 39 percent of undergraduates across the U.S. Minnesota undergraduates were also…
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Loan Market Competition and Bank Risk-Taking
Wagner, W.B.
2007-01-01
Recent literature (Boyd and De Nicoló, 2005) has argued that competition in the loan market lowers bank risk by reducing the risk-taking incentives of borrowers. We show that the impact of loan market competition on banks is reversed if banks can adjust their loan portfolios. The reason is that when
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CMM Interim Check Design of Experiments (U)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Montano, Joshua Daniel [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
2015-07-29
Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are widely used in industry, throughout the Nuclear Weapons Complex and at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to verify part conformance to design definition. Calibration cycles for CMMs at LANL are predominantly one year in length and include a weekly interim check to reduce risk. The CMM interim check makes use of Renishaw’s Machine Checking Gauge which is an off-the-shelf product simulates a large sphere within a CMM’s measurement volume and allows for error estimation. As verification on the interim check process a design of experiments investigation was proposed to test a couple of key factors (location and inspector). The results from the two-factor factorial experiment proved that location influenced results more than the inspector or interaction.
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Keener pricing for the industry, but only for top quality names
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1994-01-01
Loans to finance corporations producing energy from various sources are becoming increasingly common. This paper examines prices being paid for existing loans and predicts significant falls in corporate loan pricing in Europe. Various financing projects are described briefly and league tables of lending institutions are presented. (UK)
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Investigating on effects of different granting loans on bank deposits
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Seyed Kazem Ebrahimi
2013-02-01
Full Text Available This paper investigates the relationship between different granting loans and bank deposits in some governmental banks in province of Semnan, Iran. For the proposed study of this paper, equipment of resources includes cash account, zero-interest account, short term investment and long term investment and these are considered as dependent variables. There are also seven types of granting loans devoted to customers, which are partnership loans, zero-interest loans, civic participation, contract quantity loans, future contract loans, rent-purchase loans and installment sales loans. The study considers the financial information of 171 governmental banks located in province of Semnan, Iran over the period 2006-2011. The results of our study indicate that five variables maintain positive impact on dependent variable. The highest impact belongs to Partnership loans (0.34, followed by Sales loans (0.24, contract quantity loans (0.21 and Zero-interest loans (0.16 and Future contract loans (0.14 come in the last position. The study also uses Freedman test to rank dependent factors and the results indicate that short- term investment is number one priority followed by long term investment and the other two options including zero-interest and cash accounts are in lower priority.
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Permitting plan for the high-level waste interim storage
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Deffenbaugh, M.L.
1997-01-01
This document addresses the environmental permitting requirements for the transportation and interim storage of solidified high-level waste (HLW) produced during Phase 1 of the Hanford Site privatization effort. Solidified HLW consists of canisters containing vitrified HLW (glass) and containers that hold cesium separated during low-level waste pretreatment. The glass canisters and cesium containers will be transported to the Canister Storage Building (CSB) in a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-provided transportation cask via diesel-powered tractor trailer. Tri-Party Agreement (TPA) Milestone M-90 establishes a new major milestone, and associated interim milestones and target dates, governing acquisition and/or modification of facilities necessary for: (1) interim storage of Tank Waste Remediation Systems (TWRS) immobilized HLW (IHLW) and other canistered high-level waste forms; and (2) interim storage and disposal of TWRS immobilized low-activity tank waste (ILAW). An environmental requirements checklist and narrative was developed to identify the permitting path forward for the HLW interim storage (HLWIS) project (See Appendix B). This permitting plan will follow the permitting logic developed in that checklist
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Using collateral to secure loans
Yaron Leitner
2006-01-01
In “Using Collateral to Secure Loans,” Yaron Leitner asks: Why is collateral used to secure some loans, but not others? And why does collateral potentially involve more risk? He considers these questions, looking at some of the explanations for using collateral, focusing on its benefits and drawbacks.
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Collateral in Loan Classification and Provisioning
In W Song
2002-01-01
Adequate loan classification practices are an essential part of a sound and effective credit risk-management process in a bank. Failure to identify deterioration in credit quality in a timely manner can aggravate and prolong the problem. Two key issues arise with regard to the use of collateral in the context of loan classification and provisioning. In particular, the questions arise whether collateral should be taken into account in classifying a collateralized loan, and whether it should be...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Leseur, Alexia
2015-01-01
The author proposes an overview of the main possible solutions which can be envisaged to finance measures of adaptation to climate change, without considering conventional solutions such as subsidies, soft or not soft loans, guarantees, and so on. She also aims at identifying the main obstacles to be overcome for their implementation. For this purpose, she analysed seven examples of urban projects which have been implemented in France. Three types of innovative complementary financing tools are identified: tools to raise initial financing (public private partnership, green bonds, third-party investment), tools to collect revenues all along the project and to reimburse the initial investment (adapted or created taxes, mechanism of payment for environmental service, relationship with CO_2 quotas, and so on), and tools of risk management and financial cover in case of occurrence of climatic hazard (insurance, cat bonds)
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Nayor, David
2012-01-01
Doctors across the country who operate private medical practices are facing increasing financial obstacles, namely shrinking income as a result of rising costs and lower reimbursements. In addition, as hospitals have become overburdened many physicians have opened up private surgical centers; magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography and positron emission tomography scanning facilities; pathology labs; colonoscopy/endoscopy suites; lithotripsy centers; and other medical businesses typically performed within the hospital. Moreover, many doctors seek loans to purchase existing practices or for their capital contribution in medical partnerships. The past decade has thus seen a significant increase in the number of doctors taking out small business loans. Indeed, banks view the healthcare industry as a large growth market. This article includes practical information, advice, and resources to help doctors to secure bank financing for their practices, ancillary services business, real estate, and equipment on the best possible market terms.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alvarez, M.U.
1990-01-01
This paper presents the basic concepts and components of the project financing of large industrial facilities. Diagrams of a simple partnership structure and a simple leveraged lease structure are included. Finally, a Hypothetical Project is described with basic issues identified for discussion purposes. The topics of the paper include non-recourse financing, principal advantages and objectives, disadvantages, project financing participants and agreements, feasibility studies, organization of the project company, principal agreements in a project financing, insurance, and an examination of a hypothetical project
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Why Student Loans Are Different: Findings from Six Focus Groups of Student Loan Borrowers
Delisle, Jason; Holt, Alexander
2015-01-01
For all the attention student loans have received in the media and from policymakers in recent years, there is still remarkably little information on why and how borrowers struggle to repay them. Rising college prices and debt levels explain some of the troubles borrowers have with their loans, as does a slow economic recovery that has caused…
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Modelling home equity conversion loans with life insurance models
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Baškot Bojan
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Home equity represents a reserve that can be used for providing additional money for its owners during their retirement. Life insurance models can be successfully applied to model home equity conversion loans. The home equity conversion loan is a financial product that provides a certain flexibility by using home equity as a resource for a quality life during retirement. Home equity conversion loans do not have a predetermined maturity date, as do conventional loans. But, like every loan, it must be repaid. One potential advantage of using a home equity conversion loan during tough financial times instead of some types of need-based assistance is that eligibility is straightforward. Home equity conversion loans can be useful tools in the process of pension system reform.
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2010-05-10
... through the construction and permanent loan financing phases of a project. Those applications that meet... and will be in effect throughout both of the project's construction and permanent financing phases... loans. The Agency can guarantee the ``construction and permanent'' financing phases of a project. The...