WorldWideScience

Sample records for ling yun xian

  1. [Research on the original plants of Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kotaka, Shuji

    2008-01-01

    Since the Heian period, Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi) has been used as part of the ceremony believed to help in a healthy pregnancy and safe birth. The purpose of this report is to consider which plants are original Xian Zhao Zi plants. Past research lists certain plants as Xian Zhao Zi, but it was difficult to draw any conclusions.

  2. Art, class and gender in Joseon dynasty Korea: representations of lower-class women by the scholar-painter Yun Duseo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chung, Saehyang P

    2011-01-01

    This paper examines several pioneering genre paintings by the important scholar painter Yun Duseo (1668-1715), with its focus on their artistic sources which have not yet been explored so far. Painted on ramie, 'Women Picking Potherbs' is one of the most intriguing examples among Yun Duseo's oeuvre, which encompasses a broad variety of themes, including genre imagery, landscapes, portraits, dragons, and horses. Even among Yun Duseo's genre paintings, 'Women Picking Potherbs' is extraordinary, as recent scholarship regards it as the earliest independent representation of lower-class women in the history of Korean art. In particular, Yun Duseo painted two women who were working ourdoors to gather spring potherbs. In a conservative Confucian society, it was extraordinary women who were working outdoors. Hence, Yun Duseo occupies a highly important place in Korean painting. Furthermore, even though Yun Duseo came from the upper-class, he often painted images of lower class people working. It is possible that Yun Duseo was familiar with the book titled "Tian gong kai wu" (Exploitation of the Works of Nature) which was published in the 17th century. By identifying the probable body of his artistic sources in the book known as "Tian gong kai wu," it will be possible to assess the innovations and limitations found in 'Women Picking Potherbs'.

  3. YI LING QI

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. YI LING QI. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 40 Issue 7 December 2017 pp 1329-1333. Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 hybridized CdS nanoparticles · QING YING LIU YI LING QI YI FAN ZHENG XU CHUN SONG · More Details ...

  4. Biotransformation and metabolic profile of Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, with rat intestinal microflora by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Meng-Xue; Tang, Xi-Yang; Zhang, Feng-Xiang; Yao, Zhi-Hong; Yao, Xin-Sheng; Dai, Yi

    2018-04-01

    Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The safety and efficacy of XLGB have been confirmed based on the principle of evidence-based medicine. XLGB is usually administered orally, after which its multiple components are brought into contact with intestinal microflora in the alimentary tract and biotransformed. However, investigations on the comprehensive metabolic profile of XLGB are absent. In this study, 12 representative compounds bearing different typical structures (including iridoid glycosides, prenylated flavonol glycosides, prenylated flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, steroidal saponins, coumarins and monoterpene phenols) were selected and then investigated for their biotransformation in rat intestinal microflora. In addition, the metabolic profile of XLGB in rat intestinal microflora was investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 87 biotransformation components were identified from incubated solutions of 12 representative compounds and XLGB, which underwent 16 metabolic reactions (including deglycosylation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, epoxidation, hydroxylation, dehydration, hydration, hydrolysis, methylation, isomerization, cyclization, pyrolysis reaction, amino acid conjugation and nucleophilic addition reaction with NH 3 ). This demonstrated that the deglycosylation reaction by cleavage of the sugar moieties is the main metabolic pathway of a variety of glycosides, including prenylated flavonol glycosides, coumarin glycosides, iridoid glycosides and saponins. In addition, compared with the biotransformation of 12 representative compounds, a different biotransformed fate was observed in the XLGB incubated samples of rat intestinal microflora. It is worth noting that the amino acid conjugation was first discovered

  5. Analizadores Multilingües en FreeLing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lluís Padró

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available FreeLing es una librería de código abierto para el procesamiento multilíngüe automático, que proporciona una amplia gama de servicios de análisis lingüístico para diversos idiomas. FreeLing ofrece a los desarrolladores de aplicaciones de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural funciones de análisis y anotación lingüística de textos, con la consiguiente reducción del coste de construcción de dichas aplicaciones. FreeLing es personalizable y ampliable, y está fuertemente orientado a aplicaciones del mundo real en términos de velocidad y robustez. Los desarrolladores pueden utilizar los recursos lingüísticos por defecto (diccionarios, lexicones, gramáticas, etc, ampliarlos, adaptarlos a dominios particulares, o –dado que la librería es de código abierto– desarrollar otros nuevos para idiomas específicos o necesidades especiales de las aplicaciones. Este artículo presenta los principales cambios y mejoras incluidos en la versión 3.0 de FreeLing, y resume algunos proyectos industriales relevantes en los que se ha utilizado.

  6. Bordieu e a lingüística aplicada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Procura-se no presente trabalho: (a analisar as concepções de Bourdieu no que diz respeito à competência lingüística e ao tratamento dos fatos lingüísticos; (b traçar um paralelo entre essas concepções e a lingüística aplicada; e (c definir a sua postura como sendo a de um lingüista aplicado.

  7. Bordieu e a lingüística aplicada

    OpenAIRE

    Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz

    2001-01-01

    Procura-se no presente trabalho: (a) analisar as concepções de Bourdieu no que diz respeito à competência lingüística e ao tratamento dos fatos lingüísticos; (b) traçar um paralelo entre essas concepções e a lingüística aplicada; e (c) definir a sua postura como sendo a de um lingüista aplicado.

  8. ling af lydisolation og efterklangstid i praksis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kristensen, J.

    Meddelelsen omhandler undersøgelser af mulighederne for at forbedre reproducerbarheden ved måling af luftlydisolation, trinlydniveau og efterklangstid under betingelser, der svarer til måling i den indflytningsfærdige bygning. Der omtales resultater fra måling med to forskellige udformninger af h...

  9. ling af virksomheders administrative byrder

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Langsted, Lars Bo

    2004-01-01

    Selskabsstyrelsen har offentliggjort rapporten: "Rapport om måling af virksomhedernes administrative byrder ved årsregnskabsloven og rapport om revisionshonorar for B-virksomheder."......Selskabsstyrelsen har offentliggjort rapporten: "Rapport om måling af virksomhedernes administrative byrder ved årsregnskabsloven og rapport om revisionshonorar for B-virksomheder."...

  10. Summertime ozone formation in Xi'an and surrounding areas, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. Feng

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available In this study, the ozone (O3 formation in China's northwest city of Xi'an and surrounding areas is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting atmospheric chemistry (WRF-Chem model during the period from 22 to 24 August 2013, corresponding to a heavy air pollution episode with high concentrations of O3 and PM2.5. The model generally performs well compared to measurements in simulating the surface temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction, near-surface O3 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, and aerosol constituents. High aerosol concentrations in Xi'an and surrounding areas significantly decrease the photolysis frequencies and can reduce O3 concentrations by more than 50 µg m−3 (around 25 ppb on average. Sensitivity studies show that the O3 production regime in Xi'an and surrounding areas is complicated, varying from NOx to VOC (volatile organic compound-sensitive chemistry. The industrial emissions contribute the most to the O3 concentrations compared to biogenic and other anthropogenic sources, but neither individual anthropogenic emission nor biogenic emission plays a dominant role in the O3 formation. Under high O3 and PM2.5 concentrations, a 50 % reduction in all the anthropogenic emissions only decreases near-surface O3 concentrations by about 14 % during daytime. The complicated O3 production regime and high aerosol levels pose a challenge for O3 control strategies in Xi'an and surrounding areas. Further investigation regarding O3 control strategies will need to be performed, taking into consideration the rapid changes in anthropogenic emissions that are not reflected in the current emission inventories and the uncertainties in the meteorological field simulations.

  11. [Comparison of academic viewpoints between Yun Tie-qiao and Lu Yuan-lei].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Zhi-qing; Bi, Li-juan; Yang, Xing-lin

    2010-07-01

    Both Yun Tie-qiao and Lu Yuan-lei are medical professionals coming from the literary field with versatile and in-depth knowledge and extensive experience in medical education and clinical practice, all closely related to modern TCM development. Yun, the elder, insisted on reforming TCM and was early to advocate the academic idea of amalgamating western and traditional Chinese medicine; while Lu, the younger, insisted on the idea of "scientizing TCM" and was the representative of amalgamating western and traditional Chinese medicine in the later stage. They shared many common viewpoints, including venerating Zhang Zhongjing, stressing exogenous cold pathogens, advocating reformation and amalgamation of western medicine and TCM and objecting to the abolishment of TCM. However, there were discrepancies between them, including the relationship between the Inner Canon and the Essay on Exogenous Cold Diseases, warm disease theory, pulse theory, titles of TCM diseases and Japanese Kampo medicine. A comparison of them and noting their valuable contributions will be beneficial for the promotion of the development of TCM.

  12. Calculation of anti-seismic design for Xi'an pulsed reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Shuian

    2002-01-01

    The author describes the reactor safety rule, safety regulation and design code that must be observed to anti-seismic design in Xi'an pulsed reactor. It includes the classification of reactor installation, determination of seismic loads, calculate contents, program, method, results and synthetically evaluation. According to the different anti-seismic structure character of reactor installation, an appropriate method was selected to calculate the seismic response. The results were evaluated synthetically using the design code and design requirement. The evaluate results showed that the anti-seismic design function of reactor installation of Xi'an pules reactor is well, and the structure integrality and normal property of reactor installation can be protect under the designed classification of the earthquake

  13. Distribution and source analysis of aluminum in rivers near Xi'an City, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Dongqi; He, Yanling; Liang, Jidong; Liu, Pei; Zhuang, Pengyu

    2013-02-01

    To study the status and source of aluminum (Al) contamination, a total of 21 sampling sites along six rivers near Xi'an City (Shaanxi province, China) were investigated during 2008-2010. The results indicated that the average concentration of total Al (Al(t)) in the six rivers increased by 1.6 times from 2008 to 2010. The spatial distribution of Al(t) concentrations in the rivers near Xi'an City was significantly different, ranged from 367 μg/L (Bahe River) to 1,978 μg/L (Taiping River). The Al(t) concentration was highest near an industrial area for pulp and paper-making (2,773 μg/L), where the Al level greatly exceeded the water quality criteria of both the USA (Criterion Continuous Concentration, 87 μg/L) and Canada (100 μg/L). The average concentration of inorganic monometric aluminum (Al(im)) was 72 μg/L which would pose threats to fishes and other aquatic lives in the rivers. The concentrations of exchangeable Al (Al(ex)) in the sediment of the Taiping River sampled were relatively high, making it to be an alternative explanation of increasing Al concentrations in the rivers near Xi'an City. Furthermore, an increasing Al level has been detected in the upstream watershed near Xi'an City in recent years, which might indicate another notable pollution source of Al.

  14. Atmospheric particle characterization, distribution, and deposition in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, Central China

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao Zongze; Yang Yuhua; Lu, Julia; Zhang Chengxiao

    2011-01-01

    Physical characterization and chemical analysis of settled dusts collected in Xi'an from November 2007 to December 2008 show that (1) dust deposition rates ranged from 14.6 to 350.4 g m -2 yr -1 . The average deposition rate (76.7 g m -2 yr -1 ) ranks the 11th out of 56 dust deposition rates observed throughout the world. The coal-burning power was the major particle source; (2) on average (except site 4), ∼10% of the settled dusts having size 70% having size <30 μm; (3) the concentrations for 20 out of 27 elements analyzed were upto 18 times higher than their soil background values in China. With such high deposition rates of dusts that contain elevated levels of toxic elements, actions should be taken to reduce emission and studies are needed to assess the potential impacts of settled particles on surface ecosystem, water resource, and human health in the area. - Research highlights: → High atmospheric dust deposition rate in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. → Coal-burning power plan being a major source of particulate matter in Xi'an area. → High levels of toxic elements in the settled dusts. → Enrichment of heavy metals (e.g., Pb, Ni, Cu) in fine particles. - Atmospheric dust deposition rate is high and the levels of toxic elements associated with the settled dusts are elevated in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

  15. [Heavy metals pollution and analysis of seasonal variation runoff in Xi'an].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yuan, Hong-Lin; Li, Xing-Yu; Wang, Xiao-Chang

    2014-11-01

    In order to explore heavy metals pollution situation,changes in characteristics, the correlation between each heavy mental and pollution source analysis of Xi'an various regions in different season in one year. This study collected several samples of Xi'an rainfall typical urban trunk roads throughout the year in 2013 and used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the level of Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Al, Cd of the samples, then, analyzed the seasonal change of heavy mental. Studies have shown that: the heavy metal of Xi'an road runoff pollutes seriously, the concentration of Fe over three times of the national standard and maintain the higher levels throughout the year, meanwhile the concentration with the intensity of human activities increases. The concentration of Mn and Zn in one year show a trends: winter > autumn > summer> spring. Pb concentration increases with the increase in traffic volume, while showing: winter > spring > summer > autumn. Factor analysis shows: Fe and Al was affected by the same sources-natural sources; Zn, Cd affected by anthropogenic sources of large; Mn, Pb affected by the larger traffic sources.

  16. The extent and nature of television food advertising to children in Xi?an, China

    OpenAIRE

    Li, Danyang; Wang, Ting; Cheng, Yue; Zhang, Min; Yang, Xue; Zhu, Zhonghai; Liu, Danli; Yang, Wenfang; Zeng, Lingxia

    2016-01-01

    Background To explore the extent and nature of television food advertising especially unhealthy food advertising to primary school children in Xi?an, China. Methods Television data were recorded for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days between 6:00 and 22:00 during May and June in 2012 from a total of five television channels most popular with children in Xi?an. Pearson ? 2 tests and logistic regression were applied to determine differences in the proportion of healthy food, unhealthy food and misce...

  17. Las ideas lingüísticas de John R. Firth

    OpenAIRE

    Battaner Moro, Elena

    2014-01-01

    Esta monografía es la primera publicada a nivel nacional e internacional que describe y analiza la obra y la teoría lingüística de John R. Firth (1890-1960). John Rupert Firth (1890-1960) fue un lingüista británico que expuso sus tesis sobre el lenguaje, las lenguas y la lingüística entre los años 1930 y 1960. Desarrolló su trabajo principalmente en la Universidad de Londres; en concreto, en el Departamento de Lingüística y Fonética de la School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), cuya di...

  18. FY 1999 Report on overseas geological structure surveys. Joint Japan-China Yu Xian exploitation project; 1999 nendo kaigai chishitsu kozo nado chosa hokokusho. Nippon Chugoku sekitan kyodo tansa Yu Xian project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2000-03-01

    This project is based on the (agreement of the joint exploitation project for Yu Xian block in Yu Xian coal mine, Province of Hepei by Japan's NEDO and China's Coal Geological Bureau), signed on October 4, 1996. The joint project mainly comprises seismic exploitation and test drilling, Japan being mainly responsible for the former and China for the latter. The final report will be drawn jointly for the geological survey results necessary for designing coal mines. The Yu Xian block contains the Jurassic coal seams, which are covered by the Quaternary bed and not exposed to the surface. The Quaternary bed base is 50 to 400 m deep from the surface, and coal seams are 300 to 700 m deep also from the surface. A total of 11 coal seams are located in the Xiahuayuan strata as the coal-bearing strata. The first and fifth seams are most promising ones. In particular, the fifth seam is thick (0.2 to 6.91 m thick) and distributed throughout the block. It is estimated that 8 coal seams have a total coal quantity of approximately 346 million tons. (NEDO)

  19. Radon - kilder og måling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Torben Valdbjørn; Wraber, Ida Kristina

    Når man skal vurdere en bygnings indeklima er det vigtigt at have viden om radonindholdet. Denne viden får man ved måling, da radon hverken kan ses, lugtes, høres, smages eller føles. Denne anvisning redegør for radons oprindelse og indvirkning på menneskers sundhed. Anvisningen beskriver metoder...... til måling og analyse af radonindholdet i en bygnings indeluft. Læseren får indsigt i, hvordan man relativt let med standardiserede metoder kan eftervise, om en bygning opfylder bygningsreglementets krav til radon i indeluften. Anvisningen henvender sig til bygningsejere, bygherrer, projekterende og...

  20. Source contributions of fine particulate matter during one winter haze episodes in Xi'an, China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, X.; Wu, Q.

    2017-12-01

    Long-term exposure to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is found to be associated with adverse effects on human health, ecological environment and climate change. Identification the major source regions of fine particulate matter are essential to proposing proper joint prevention and control strategies for heavy haze mitigation. In this work, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) together with the Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) and the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF), have been applied to analyze the major source regions of PM2.5 in Xi'an during the heavy haze episodes in winter (29, December, 2016 - 5 January 2017), and the framework of the model system is shown in Fig. 1. Firstly, according to the model evaluation of the daily PM2.5 concentrations for the two months, the model has well performance, and the fraction of predictions within a factor of 2 of the observations (FAC2) is 84%, while the correlation coefficient (R) is 0.80 in Xi'an. By using the PSAT in CAMx model, a detailed source region contribution matrix is derived for all points within the Xi'an region and its six surrounding areas, and long-range regional transport. The results show that the local emission in Xi'an is the mainly sources at downtown area, which contributing 72.9% as shown in Fig.2, and the contribution rate of transportations between adjacent areas depends on wind direction. Meanwhile, three different suburban areas selected for detailed analysis in fine particles sources. Comparing to downtown area, the sources of suburban areas are more multiply, and the transportations make the contribution 40%-82%. In the suburban areas, regional inflows play an important role in the fine particles concentrations, indicating a strong need for regional joint emission control efforts. The results enhance the quantitative understanding of the PM2.5 source regions and provide a basis for policymaking to advance the control of pollution

  1. Differential sensitivity of five cyanobacterial strains to ammonium toxicity and its inhibitory mechanism on the photosynthesis of rice-field cyanobacterium Ge-Xian-Mi (Nostoc)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dai Guozheng; Deblois, Charles P.; Liu Shuwen; Juneau, Philippe; Qiu Baosheng

    2008-01-01

    Effects of two fertilizers, NH 4 Cl and KCl, on the growth of the edible cyanobacterium Ge-Xian-Mi (Nostoc) and four other cyanobacterial strains were compared at pH 8.3 ± 0.2 and 25 deg. C. Their growth was decreased by at least 65% at 10 mmol L -1 NH 4 Cl but no inhibitory effect was observed at the same level of KCl. Meanwhile, the strains exhibited a great variation of sensitivity to NH 4 + toxicity in the order: Ge-Xian-Mi > Anabaena azotica FACHB 118 > Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 > M. aeruginosa FACHB 315 > Synechococcus FACHB 805. The 96-h EC 50 value for relative growth rate with regard to NH 4 + for Ge-Xian-Mi was 1.105 mmol L -1 , which was much less than the NH 4 + concentration in many agricultural soils (2-20 mmol L -1 ). This indicated that the use of ammonium as nitrogen fertilizer was responsible for the reduced resource of Ge-Xian-Mi in the paddy field. After 96 h exposure to 1 mmol L -1 NH 4 Cl, the photosynthetic rate, F v /F m value, saturating irradiance for photosynthesis and PSII activity of Ge-Xian-Mi colonies were remarkably decreased. The chlorophyll synthesis of Ge-Xian-Mi was more sensitive to NH 4 + toxicity than phycobiliproteins. Thus, the functional absorption cross section of Ge-Xian-Mi PSII was increased markedly at NH 4 Cl levels ≥1 mmol L -1 and the electron transport on the acceptor side of PSII was significantly accelerated by NH 4 Cl addition ≥3 mmol L -1 . Dark respiration of Ge-Xian-Mi was significantly increased by 246% and 384% at 5 and 10 mmol L -1 NH 4 Cl, respectively. The rapid fluorescence rise kinetics indicated that the oxygen-evolving complex of PSII was the inhibitory site of NH 4 +

  2. Igualtat lingüística, una eina de la política lingüística de la Universitat de València

    OpenAIRE

    Esteve, Alfons; Ramos, Rafael

    2015-01-01

    El 2011, les universitats públiques valencianes, conjuntament amb l’Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, van publicar Els usos lingüístics a les universitats públiques valencianes, estudi que va motivar un nou impuls a la planificació lingüística en l’àmbit universitari. 

  3. Reply to: Comments on “Particle Swarm Optimization with Fractional-Order Velocity”

    OpenAIRE

    Machado, J. A. Tenreiro; Pires, E. J. Solteiro; Couceiro, Micael S.

    2014-01-01

    We agree with Ling-Yun et al. [5] and Zhang and Duan comments [2] about the typing error in equation (9) of the manuscript [8]. The correct formula was initially proposed in [6, 7]. The formula adopted in our algorithms discussed in our papers [1, 3, 4, 8] is, in fact, the following: ...

  4. Differential sensitivity of five cyanobacterial strains to ammonium toxicity and its inhibitory mechanism on the photosynthesis of rice-field cyanobacterium Ge-Xian-Mi (Nostoc)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dai Guozheng [College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei (China); Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei (China); Deblois, Charles P. [Department des Sciences Biologiques, TOXEN, Canada Research Chair on Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 8888 Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8 (Canada); Liu Shuwen [College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei (China); Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei (China); Juneau, Philippe [Department des Sciences Biologiques, TOXEN, Canada Research Chair on Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Succursale Centre-ville, C.P. 8888 Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8 (Canada); Qiu Baosheng [College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei (China); Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei (China)], E-mail: bsqiu@public.wh.hb.cn

    2008-08-29

    Effects of two fertilizers, NH{sub 4}Cl and KCl, on the growth of the edible cyanobacterium Ge-Xian-Mi (Nostoc) and four other cyanobacterial strains were compared at pH 8.3 {+-} 0.2 and 25 deg. C. Their growth was decreased by at least 65% at 10 mmol L{sup -1} NH{sub 4}Cl but no inhibitory effect was observed at the same level of KCl. Meanwhile, the strains exhibited a great variation of sensitivity to NH{sub 4}{sup +} toxicity in the order: Ge-Xian-Mi > Anabaena azotica FACHB 118 > Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 > M. aeruginosa FACHB 315 > Synechococcus FACHB 805. The 96-h EC{sub 50} value for relative growth rate with regard to NH{sub 4}{sup +} for Ge-Xian-Mi was 1.105 mmol L{sup -1}, which was much less than the NH{sub 4}{sup +} concentration in many agricultural soils (2-20 mmol L{sup -1}). This indicated that the use of ammonium as nitrogen fertilizer was responsible for the reduced resource of Ge-Xian-Mi in the paddy field. After 96 h exposure to 1 mmol L{sup -1} NH{sub 4}Cl, the photosynthetic rate, F{sub v}/F{sub m} value, saturating irradiance for photosynthesis and PSII activity of Ge-Xian-Mi colonies were remarkably decreased. The chlorophyll synthesis of Ge-Xian-Mi was more sensitive to NH{sub 4}{sup +} toxicity than phycobiliproteins. Thus, the functional absorption cross section of Ge-Xian-Mi PSII was increased markedly at NH{sub 4}Cl levels {>=}1 mmol L{sup -1} and the electron transport on the acceptor side of PSII was significantly accelerated by NH{sub 4}Cl addition {>=}3 mmol L{sup -1}. Dark respiration of Ge-Xian-Mi was significantly increased by 246% and 384% at 5 and 10 mmol L{sup -1} NH{sub 4}Cl, respectively. The rapid fluorescence rise kinetics indicated that the oxygen-evolving complex of PSII was the inhibitory site of NH{sub 4}{sup +}.

  5. Fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhi-gang Mei

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae (Gegen, salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen, radix curcuma (Jianghuang, hawthorn (Shanzha, salvia chinensis (Shijianchuan, sinapis alba (Baijiezi, astragalus (Huangqi, panax japonicas (Zhujieshen, atractylodes macrocephala koidz (Baizhu, radix paeoniae alba (Baishao, bupleurum (Chaihu, chrysanthemum (Juhua, rhizoma cyperi (Xiangfu and gastrodin (Tianma, whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus, bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes. Shuan-Tong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke, migraine, and vascular dementia. Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells. However, the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood. Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 mL/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced. The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores. Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side. In addition, Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax. Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days, four times, reversed the above changes. These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.

  6. El cambio lingüístico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HECTOR JUVENAL BUSTOS RUIZ

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios lingüísticos son habitualmente analizados dentro del marco de una teoría del aprendizaje pero sin referencia al contexto histórico. Es el conjunto de las luchas entre los grupos sociales lo que da origen a esas transformaciones como lo muestran, por ejemplo, los cambios fonéticos observados en ciertas grandes ciudades norteamericanas, incluso si la pequeña burguesía juega en esas luchas un rol particularmente importante. Uno de los factores de la innovación social y lingüística es, en efecto, la disposición al ascenso social: todos los agentes (clases medias, mujeres, etc. socialmente inclinados a ascender contri- buyen a cambiar y a hacer cambiar en la medida misma en que hay que cambiar, a veces hasta denegarse, si es necesario, para ascender.

  7. Rehumanisasi Pendidikan Akuntansi melalui Pendekatan Epistemologi 3ling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kurnia Ekasari

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this research is to rehumanize accounting education by employing 3ling epistemology. The method used in this research consisted of 3 steps: ngerti, ngrasa, and ngelakoni. This research concluded that dehumanization in accounting education has become accepted reality. Humanization in accounting education could be implemented by integrating ethics, moral and spirituality both in accounting and accounting education and it could be done by inserting ngrasa in learning process. Humanizing accounting education will lead to human welfare. The implementation of 3ling epistemology could change the student’s perception about accounting.

  8. 10. Temadag indenfor Koordinatmåling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Erik; De Chiffre, Leonardo

    2004-01-01

    Temadag om Optisk koordinatmåling, 3D digitalisering og Reverse Engineering Conference on Optical Coordinate Metrology, 3D Digitisation and Reverse Engineering Konferencemappe Oktober 2004 Editorer: Leonardo De Chiffre & Erik Larsen Institut for Produktion og Ledelse Danmarks Tekniske Universitet...

  9. Algorithm and assessment work of active fire detection based on FengYun-3C/VIRR

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Z.; Chen, F.

    2017-12-01

    The wildfire is one of the most destructive and uncontrollable disasters and causes huge environmental, ecological, social effects. To better serve scientific research and practical fire management, an algorithm and corresponding validation work of active fire detection based on FengYun-3C/VIRR data, which is an optical sensor onboard the Chinese polar-orbiting meteorological sun-synchronous satellite, is hereby introduced. While the main structure heritages the `contextual algorithm', some new concepts including `infrared channel slope' are introduced for better adaptions to different situations. The validation work contains three parts: 1) comparing with the current FengYun-3C fire product GFR; 2) comparing with MODIS fire products; 3) comparing with Landsat series data. Study areas are selected from different places all over the world from 2014 to 2016. The results showed great improvement on GFR files on accuracy of both positioning and detection rate. In most study areas, the results match well with MODIS products and Landsat series data (with over 85% match degree) despite the differences in imaging time. However, detection rates and match degrees in Africa and South-east Asia are not satisfied (around 70%), where the occurrences of numerous small fire events and corresponding smokes may strongly affect the results of the algorithm. This is our future research direction and one of the main improvements requires achieving.

  10. Un vistazo a los pilares de la Lingüística Moderna: Saussure, Chomsky Y Van Dijk. Del Estructuralismo a la Lingüística textual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSELYN CORREDOR TAPIAS

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo pretende dar un vistazo a los postulados básicos del estructuralismo, del generativismo y de la lingüística del texto - con sus principales figuras: Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Avram Chomsky y Teun Adrian Van Dijk, puesto que estas corrientes se consideran como los grandes paradigmas de la lingüística moderna.

  11. Las actitudes hacia las lenguas y el aprendizaje lingüístico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judit JANÉS CARULLA

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En el aprendizaje de segundas o terceras lenguas se debe destacar el importante papel que juegan las actitudes lingüísticas. En este artículo, en primer lugar nos acercamos conceptualmente a este tipo de actitudes para después centrarnos en cómo los factores actitudinales y motivacionales influyen en el aprendizaje lingüístico. De acuerdo con lo expuesto y siguiendo la terminología de Lambert, en segundo lugar nos detenemos en cómo el tipo de motivación que tienen los sujetos (instrumental o de integración determina su grado de competencia lingüística y en cómo las actitudes presentes en la familia influyen en las actitudes que desarrollan estos sujetos hacia las otras comunidades lingüísticas. Repasamos también el debate existente entorno a toda esta temática, y subrayamos las principales variables que pueden originar o cambiar las actitudes lingüísticas, realzando el papel de la familia, la escuela y los mass media. Finalmente, resumimos brevemente un estudio centrado en las actitudes ante las lenguas de los escolares de origen inmigrante en Cataluña.

  12. Modellering og måling af metan-emission fra kvæg

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Storm, I; Hellwing, Anne Louise Frydendahl; Nielsen, N I

    2011-01-01

    Udvikling af og kendskab til de metoder, der bruges til måling af kvægs metan-emission udgør en vigtig del af forskningen indenfor området. I dette indlæg præsenteres de mest anvendte metoder til måling og estimation af kvægs metan-emission, herunder modeller, in vitro inkubation, kammer-metoder,......-metoder, SF6-metoden og CO2-metoden. De enkelte metoder beskrives og fordele, ulemper og anvendelsesområder sammenlignes. Dette er vigtig baggrundsinformation for forståelse og fortolkning af øvrige forskningsresultater og for at kunne planlægge fremtidige projekter.......Udvikling af og kendskab til de metoder, der bruges til måling af kvægs metan-emission udgør en vigtig del af forskningen indenfor området. I dette indlæg præsenteres de mest anvendte metoder til måling og estimation af kvægs metan-emission, herunder modeller, in vitro inkubation, kammer...

  13. ling af radon i bygninger

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Torben Valdbjørn

    endvidere til at vurdere radon­eksponeringen i forhold til det nationale referenceniveau. Anvisningen dækker radonmåling i boliger og andre bygninger, fx kontorer, skoler og institutioner. Den henvender sig til bygningsejere, bygherrer, projekterende og brugere af bygninger. Desuden henvender anvisningen...

  14. Investigation and Analysis on Psychological Health Situation for Middle and Primary School Students in Xianning City

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hong Yanping

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper is used to know about the psychological health situation for middle and primary school students in Xianning City and provide a certain empirical basis for meaningful development of psychological health education and psychological assistance. This paper uses the MHT scale prepared by Bucheng Zhou professor et al. to conduct a test for 1000 students in 7 middle and primary schools in Xianning City. The detection rate of psychological health problem accounts for 1.6% where the positive detection rate of study anxiety ranks first (43.2%. The psychological health situations have much difference in sex (t = -4. 624, P<0. 001, and it’s lower in male students than female ones. There is a significant difference between the psychological health situation for only and non-only children (t = -2. 519, P<0. 01.There is a significant difference on the psychological health situation for primary school, middle school and high school students (F = 11. 3, P<0. 001, and the psychological health situation of primary school students is better than that for middle school students. It can be concluded that the psychological health situation of middle and primary school students in Xianning City is fairly good, and the psychological health situation for male student, only children and primary school student is also fairly good.

  15. Quality control of Ling'ao nuclear power station civil construction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu Buliang; Ye Changyuan

    2001-01-01

    Based on the quality control model adopted during Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station construction, the author briefly introduces quality control process of some main civil construction activities (reinforced concrete, steel liner, steel works and prestressing force) of nuclear power station, and makes some descriptions on non-conformance control of civil works. These quality control processes described come from the concrete practice during civil construction of Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station, and are based on Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station construction experience

  16. Actitudes lingüísticas en Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darío Rojas

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Santiago, hacia al español de Chile y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes: El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Entre nuestros hallazgos, destacan los siguientes: 1 los santiaguinos muestran seguridad lingüística en comparación con variedades regionales del español de Chile, pero una gran inseguridad cuando se comparan con el habla de otros países; 2 sus actitudes se ven influenciadas tanto por características lingüísticas (modelo ideal de lengua, conservador y de raigambre colonial como por características extralingüísticas (estatus social; 3 el concepto de mayor peso dentro de la ideología lingüística de los santiaguinos es la corrección idiomática, que se articula con otros dos conceptos clave: el de unidad lingüística y el de entendimiento (o comprensión lingüística. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of Spanish speakers from Santiago, towards Spanish spoken in Chile and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 persons based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. Our main findings are the following: 1 Santiaguinos show linguistic confidence when they compare their speech to regional varieties of Chilean Spanish, but they show great insecurity when they compare their speech to those of other

  17. Introducció: Lingüística forense

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Planas, Ana M.

    2011-01-01

    En l’opinió comuna, no experta, l’estudi de les llengües naturals humanes és bonic i gratificant per a l’esperit, però només capacita —a qui s’hi ha dedicat— per a l’activitat docent. A més a més, es pensa que l’estudi de la lingüística es limita al que coneixem com a lingüística interna (o microlingüística), és a dir, l’estudi dels nivells fonètic, fonològic, morfològic, sintàctic, semàntic i pragmàtic de les llengües, anant de les unitats més petites a les més grosses. El cert és que actual...

  18. Applying a Multiple Screening Program Aided by a Guideline-driven Computerized Decision Support System—A Pilot Experience in Yun-Lin, Taiwan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jou-Wei Lin

    2007-01-01

    Conclusion: A computer-aided screening program driven by the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations has been successfully implemented in Yun-Lin, Taiwan, and provided useful information about local epidemiology and implications for future health policy making. [J Formos Med Assoc 2007; 106(1:58-68

  19. Vibrationsmåling på Vilsundbroen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kirkegaard, Poul Henning; Hansen, Lars Pilegaard

    Denne rapport Vibrationsmåling på Vilsundbroen beskriver målinger udført i april måned 1995 for Rambøll, Hannemann & Højlund af Laboratoriet for Bærende Konstruktioner, Instituttet for Bygningsteknik, Aalborg Universitet. Målingerne er udført i relation til renoveringen af Vilsundbroen, hvor der...

  20. Ecosystem Services Insights into Water Resources Management in China: A Case of Xi'an City.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Jingya; Li, Jing; Gao, Ziyi; Yang, Min; Qin, Keyu; Yang, Xiaonan

    2016-11-24

    Global climate and environmental changes are endangering global water resources; and several approaches have been tested to manage and reduce the pressure on these decreasing resources. This study uses the case study of Xi'an City in China to test reasonable and effective methods to address water resource shortages. The study generated a framework combining ecosystem services and water resource management. Seven ecosystem indicators were classified as supply services, regulating services, or cultural services. Index values for each indicator were calculated, and based on questionnaire results, each index's weight was calculated. Using the Likert method, we calculated ecosystem service supplies in every region of the city. We found that the ecosystem's service capability is closely related to water resources, providing a method for managing water resources. Using Xi'an City as an example, we apply the ecosystem services concept to water resources management, providing a method for decision makers.

  1. Propuesta para una lingüística del hipertexto o ciberlingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Rodríguez John Alexander

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Gracias a que en la actualidad la idea del lenguaje tal y como era pensado en los comienzos de la lingüística ha evolucionado extraordinariamente para extenderse a otro tipo de manifestaciones menos convencionales, el hipertexto tiene cabida como objeto de la reflexión y de la práctica lingüísticas. El trabajo con hipertextos nos acerca al reto de dotar de una forma adecuada a los contenidos hipertextuales. La navegación, interactividad, escritura, lectura, generación, integración, representación y diseño hipertextual constituyen problemas técnicos abiertos a las prácticas lingüísticas. Todo esto nos hace ver la necesidad de una disciplina que se encargue del estudio y el desarrollo del hipertexto en cuanto unidad lingüística.

  2. Performance Variation of Spent Resin in Mixed Bed From Water Purifying System of Xi'an Pulse Reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Hua; Ma Yan; Xiao Yan; Liu Yueheng; Yang Yongqing

    2010-01-01

    Detailed physical and chemical characteristic analysis was performed on the spent cation and anion resins in the mixed bed from Xi'an Pulse Reactor water purifying system.The exchange performance variations of used resins and the contributions from different factors to the variation were discussed.Based on the obtained information of the impurities in the used resin, the contamination state of the water in the Xi'an Pulse Reactor water pool, the corrosion state of the structural material in the reactor was presented. The spent anion resin almost completely losses its exchange performance,while the remaining exchange capacity in the spent cation resin is still high.The radiation field from the reactor operation contributes little to the degradation of the performance of the resins. The exchange capacity loss of the spent anion resin is due to the exchange of its active groups into abundant carbonate and a certain amount of organics. The impurity amount in the anion and cation exchange resins is low,which suggests(that) the water in the Xi'an Pulse Reactor water pool is little contaminated. A certain extent of corrosion is occurred on the structural material in the swimming pool of the reactor. The results provide important referential data for the operational safety of the water purifying system of similar research reactor. (authors)

  3. Test and application of thermal neutron radiography facility at Xi'an pulsed reactor

    CERN Document Server

    Yang Jun; Zhao Xiang Feng; Wang Dao Hua

    2002-01-01

    A thermal neutron radiography facility at Xi'an Pulsed Reactor is described as well as its characteristics and application. The experiment results show the inherent unsharpness of BAS ND is 0.15 mm. The efficient thermal neutron n/gamma ratio is lower in not only steady state configuration but also pulsing state configuration and it is improved using Pb filter

  4. Art as a Political Act: Expression of Cultural Identity, Self-Identity, and Gender by Suk Nam Yun and Yong Soon Min

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caruso, Hwa Young Choi

    2005-01-01

    This cross-cultural study explored the lives of two contemporary Korean/Korean American women artists--Suk Nam Yun and Yong Soon Min--who live in Seoul, South Korea, and Los Angeles, California. The author's research focused on the artists' identity formation, artistic expression, professional achievements, and the role of art as a political act.…

  5. Ciência Lingüística: da origem saussureana ao percurso sociolingüístico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solyany Soares Salgado

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available

    Este artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre as diretrizes tomadas pela ciência Lingüística na tentativa de oferecer um melhor aparato teórico para a compreensão dos fenômenos lingüísticos. Neste trabalho, as propostas teóricas originadas de reflexões feitas por autores como Saussure, Bakhtin, Chomsky e Labov são levadas em consideração para mostrar, entre outras coisas, que os lingüistas estão vendo, cada vez mais, a possibilidade de se trabalhar aspectos em comum de teorias lingüísticas diferentes para melhor explicar o objeto de estudo.

  6. Lingüística computacional y esteganografía lingüística. Distribuyendo información oculta con recursos mínimos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz Muñoz, Alfonso

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Computational linguistics and linguistic steganography could allow to design useful systems in the protection / privacy of digital communications and digital language watermarking. However, building these systems is not always possible provided a series of conditions are not met. This article investigates whether it is possible to design procedures to hide information in natural language using minimal linguistic and computational resources. An algorithm is proposed and implemented, arguing for the usefulness and security of such proposals.La lingüística computacional puede ser aprovechada junto a la ciencia de la esteganografía lingüística para diseñar sistemas útiles en la protección/privacidad de las comunicaciones digitales y en el marcado digital de textos. No obstante, para poder llevar a cabo tal tarea se requiere de una serie de condiciones que no siempre se dan. En este artículo se investiga si es posible diseñar procedimientos que permitan ocultar información en lenguaje natural utilizando la mínima cantidad de recursos tanto lingüísticos como computacionales. Se propone un algoritmo y se implementa, razonando posteriormente a favor de la utilidad y la seguridad de propuestas de este tipo.

  7. Las proyecciones de la lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tobón de Castro Lucia

    1989-07-01

    Full Text Available

    A menudo se nos pregunta qué es la ciencia, qué fenómenos deben tener lugar o que condiciones deben cumplirse para que una determinada disciplina logre la dimensión de ciencia.  Tratare de responder a estos interrogantes, dentro del campo particular de la ciencia del lenguaje. Cuando quiera que alguien se aproxime al proceso de desarrollo de la lingüística, lo encara como un hecho histórico, como el inventario de los aportes de figuras descollantes ligadas por la sucesión en el tiempo. En

    este ensayo quiero proponer como tesis que la lingüística, como toda ciencia, es una construcción de la mente humana, una creación de la humanidad y es en esa dimensión como debemos estudiar su proceso evolutivo. Por esto he seleccionado como tema las proyecciones de la lingüística dando al término proyección dos sentidos: el primero; representa los hitos que han hecho de la lingüística un proceso científico y, el segundo, las etapas que aún debe cumplir para ser a cabalidad la ciencia

    del lenguaje.  Consecuente con el

  8. Regional differences analysis of land use efficiency and obstacle degree in Xianning-Yueyang-Jiujiang area

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chengshun Song

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available This paper established an evaluation index system for the land use efficiency from social, economic, ecological and environmental aspects, and adopted the variation coefficient TOPSIS method and obstacle degree model to analyze the regional differences of land use efficiency and obstacle degree in Xianning, Yueyang and Jiujiang. The results showed that: (1 During 2000-2010, the land use efficiency in these regions had an increasing tendency and the regional differences were small. In Yueyang and Jiujiang, there were four stages, that is low, moderate, good and excellent; while in Xianning, there were only three stages, that is low, moderate and good; (2 The economic level was the greatest obstacle factor affecting the land use efficiency in these regions, followed by the environmental quality, ecological status, social development, and the regional differences in these aspects were not so obvious; (3 Per area financial revenue, the output of comprehensive utilization of “three wastes” and per capita GDP were the top three obstacle factors and the regional differences in these aspects were not so obvious.

  9. Control rod drop accident analysis for the mixed core project in Ling Ao NPS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Shishun; Zhou Zhou; Xiao Min

    2004-01-01

    AFA-2G assemblies in Ling Ao NPS (LNPS) have been replaced gradually by AFA-3G assemblies from cycle 2 and subsequent cycles. the enrichment of the fuels will be increased from 3.2% to 3.7% from cycle 3 in Ling Ao. Therefore, the study of ling Ao mixed core and increased enrichment have been performed since 2001. Lots of accidents need to be re-analyzed in Ling Ao NPS in order to verify its safety requirements for the new fuel management. Control rod drop accident for LNPS was re-analyzed in 2001 in frame of FRAMATOME ANP analytical methodology. The analytical codes used in the accident analysis include SCIENCE, ESPADON, CINEMA, CANTAL and FLICA III. The control rod drop accident analysis is performed with respect to the 10 reference cycles of the generic fuel management design for Ling Ao mixed core and increased enrichment study. The pre-drop FδH for the first transition cycles and other cycles are 1.52 and 1.55, respectively. For detected dropped rod configurations, the negative flux rate protection system actuates a reactor trip. For the non-detected dropped rod configurations, the minimum DNBR values have been evaluated with conservative analysis methodology and assumptions and the DNBR fuel design limit is respected the analytical results shows that, for all the non-detected dropped rod configurations, the minimum DNB margin is about 2% which occurs in AFA-2G fuel assembly in the first transition cycle. (author)

  10. Lingüística de Corpus: histórico e problemática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SARDINHA Tony Berber

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho oferece uma retrospectiva da Lingüística de Corpus, uma área de pesquisa que tem experimentado um crescimento vertiginoso nos últimos anos e que tem tido um impacto considerável na lingüística. A retrospectiva inclui tanto um painel histórico quanto um posicionamento em relação aos debates correntes e desenvolvimentos futuros da área. Os conceitos principais em voga na área são apresentados e discutidos. O trabalho ainda comenta os fatos mais marcantes na Lingüística de Corpus em relação à teoria e à prática, elencando os principais corpora em existência bem como as mais importantes contribuições no campo de programas de computador para análise e exploração desses corpora.

  11. School-Based Intervention for Nutrition Promotion in Mi Yun County, Beijing, China: Does a Health-Promoting School Approach Improve Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Dongxu; Stewart, Donald; Chang, Chun

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the school-based nutrition programme using the health-promoting school (HPS) framework was effective to improve parents' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB) in relation to nutrition in rural Mi Yun County, Beijing. Design/methodology/approach: A cluster-randomised intervention trial…

  12. Development of source range measurement instrument in Xi'an pulsed reactor

    CERN Document Server

    Wang Li

    2002-01-01

    Source range measurement instrument in Xi'an pulsed reactor is key equipment of low-side measuring in source range. At the same time, it is also weighty component of out-of-pile neutron-flux level observation system. The authors have done some researching and renovating based on the similar type devices used in nuclear reactor to improve the meter sensitivity, measuring range, noise proof features, reliability in running and maintainability which belong to the main performance index of the instrument. The design ideas, configurations, working principle, performance indexes, technique features and effect in utilizing are introduced briefly

  13. University of Nottingham Ningbo China and Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University: Globalization of Higher Education in China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Yi

    2013-01-01

    This essay studies the University of Nottingham Ningbo China and Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University--the two Chinese campuses established respectively by the University of Nottingham and the University of Liverpool. They represent successful models of globalization of higher education in China; however their rationale, strategies, curricula,…

  14. Ling classification describes endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and successful peroral endoscopy myotomy prevents endoscopic progression of achalasia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Wen-Gang; Linghu, En-Qiang; Chai, Ning-Li; Li, Hui-Kai

    2017-05-14

    To verify the hypothesis that the Ling classification describes the endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and determine the ability of successful peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) to prevent endoscopic progression of achalasia. We retrospectively reviewed the endoscopic findings, symptom duration, and manometric data in patients with achalasia. A total of 359 patients (197 women, 162 men) with a mean age of 42.1 years (range, 12-75 years) were evaluated. Symptom duration ranged from 2 to 360 mo, with a median of 36 mo. Patients were classified with Ling type I ( n = 119), IIa ( n = 106), IIb ( n = 60), IIc ( n = 60), or III ( n = 14), according to the Ling classification. Of the 359 patients, 349 underwent POEM, among whom 21 had an endoscopic follow-up for more than 2 years. Pre-treatment and post-treatment Ling classifications of these 21 patients were compared. Symptom duration increased significantly with increasing Ling classification (from I to III) ( P achalasia and may be able to serve as an endoscopic assessment criterion for achalasia. Successful POEM (Eckardt score ≤ 3) seems to have the ability to prevent endoscopic evolvement of achalasia. However, studies with larger populations are warranted to confirm our findings.

  15. Development of Ling-zhi industry in China – emanated from the artificial cultivation in the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saifei Li

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Ling-zhi is a medicinal herb that generally refers to a fungus in the genus Ganoderma. It has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Mycologists at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS first artificially cultivated the Ling-zhi fruiting body in the late 1960s (X.J. Liu’s team. In IMCAS, different research teams have extensively studied Ling-zhi in the aspects of national resource surveys, systematic taxonomy, chemical analysis, and processing for medicinal and health applications. The research results from IMCAS have provided essential support and prompted the development of the Ling-zhi industry in China to some extent. This review aims to summarize the history of research on Ling-zhi in IMCAS and its role in the development of the Ling-zhi economy.

  16. Internet y los recursos lingüísticos para la lengua española : diccionarios y corpus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Polonca Kocjančič

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Las obras de referencia y los diversos recursos lingüísticos conforman un nexo de unión entre una lengua en su totalidad y el usuario que busca información sobre cualquier aspecto de la lengua que emplea, sea materna o extranjera. Las nuevas tecnologías han abierto un universo nuevo y representan un elemento que hay que considerar en la difusión de la información lingüística, con algunos recursos bien conocidos y otros nuevos, que investigan enfoques alternativos de la organización de la información lingüística.

  17. El aprendizaje integrado de la lengua española y los contenidos de áreas no lingüísticas en los proyectos lingüísticos de centro

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Camacho, Alejandro

    2013-01-01

    La generalización de los proyectos lingüísticos de centro implica una profunda revisión en la práctica didáctica en la lengua de instrucción para adecuarla a la nueva realidad de los programas de bilingüismo. Este artículo ofrece una propuesta concreta para incorporar la lengua española a la metodología que integra el aprendizaje de contenidos no lingüísticos y lenguas; en ámbitos como la ortografía, el trabajo sobre los géneros textuales y la comprensión lectora de textos d...

  18. Cooperation Performance Evaluation between Seaport and Dry Port; Case of Qingdao Port and Xi'an Port

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jian Li

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Along with the drastic competition among ports, the strive for the vast economic hinterland and the supply of goods have become strategic problems for port operators. At the same time, port enterprises are paying more and more attention to the construction of dry ports. This article establishes the port cooperation performance evaluation index based on the balanced score card method and uses the grey relational degree method to evaluate the cooperation performance between seaports and dry ports. Finally using Qingdao port and Xi'an port as an example, and Zhengzhou port and Lanzhou port as benchmarks, the application of this evaluation method is introduced in detail. The conclusion reveals that cooperation between Qingdao port and Xi'an port has deficiencies in customer satisfaction, financial cooperation and non-market tools. Alongside this, the author proposes related issues about information management in the supply chain, competition position and the scope of hinterland. This article, combined with the related theory of supply chain and performance evaluation, puts forward a set of relatively complete cooperation performance evaluations between seaports and dry ports, which provide scientific theory support for better cooperation.

  19. Actitudes lingüísticas en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Bernal

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Bogotá, hacia al español de Colombia y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigaciones (NRC. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran que el habla de la capital cuenta con alto prestigio entre los bogotanos, en comparación con menor estima por las hablas de la costa del Caribe y la región nariñense, al sur del país; asimismo sienten una alta autoestima lingüística, ya que consideran el habla colombiana como parte esencial de la identidad nacional y poseedora de una corrección lingüística que supera la del español hablado en España, México y la Argentina. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Bogotá, towards Spanish spoken in Colombia and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Norwegian Research Council (NRC. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 persons, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results of the project show that Spanish spoken in the capital has higher prestige than Spanish spoken on the Caribbean coast and in Nariño, the southern region of the country; the respondents show high linguistic self-esteem for Colombian Spanish, which they consider an essential part of their national identity, the linguistic correctness of which goes beyond that of Spanish spoken in Spain, Mexico and Argentina.

  20. Wu-Ling-San formula prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Wu-Ling-San (WLS) formula has been proved to prevent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first prospective, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial of WLS in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis prevention. All patients who enrolled were asked to drink enough fluid to urinate at least 2 L ...

  1. The design of KRT digital system in Ling'ao Ⅱ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun Yuanjun; Zhang Renyan; Zhao Weijun

    2013-01-01

    In the design of KRT system in Ling Ao Ⅱ, it requires the hardware composition shall be similar to that of Ling Ao Ⅰ. At the same time, the KRT system should be digitized and centralized. In order to realize the goal, the KRT system will be divided into the lower and upper parts. The local sensor at the lower part will transform the analog signal to digital signal in the local display unit; then the digital signals are sent to the upper part (cabinet) by RS-485; the cabinet collects the signals, saves and displays them in the server or operation workstation. or sends them to the DCS. On the other hand, the digital signals will be treated into analog or on/off signals in cabinet and transmitted to other systems. (authors)

  2. O campo da Lingüística Documentária

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Fátima Gonçalves Moreira Tálamo

    Full Text Available Proposição do campo da Lingüística Documentária cuja função primordial é a de estabelecer parâmetros e modelos de elaboração de códigos para o processamento da informação - construção e recuperação - com o objetivo de responder à questão, nuclear da área de Ciência da Informação, relacionada à transformação de conteúdos registrados em elementos estruturados. Para isso, enfatizam-se, tanto os traços que relacionam este campo à revolução lingüística em curso desde o século 20, como as interfaces que tal campo mantém com as disciplinas que abordam a linguagem sob os aspectos sintático, semântico, conceitual e comunicacional, definindo-se seus problemas específicos bem como discutindo seus vértices conceituais.

  3. TL dating of pottery sherds and baked soil from the Xian Terracotta Army Site, Shaanxi Province, China

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu Yanchou; Zhang Jingzhao; Xie Jun

    1988-01-01

    Six ceramics and two baked soil samples collected from the famous Xian Terracotta Army Site have been dated by using fine grain (2-8 μ) thermoluminescence (TL) technique. Five samples of pottery sherds exhibited peak TL at about 275 0 C and 395 0 C gave the TL age ranges from 2.13 ± 0.14 ka to 2.25 ± 0.14 ka and a mean TL age of 2.20 ± 0.15 ka, with a good plateau in the range of 290-400 0 C. Another sample, however, showed a larger peak at 365 0 C and could not be dated because of serious fading. TL ages of 1.93 ± 0.13 ka and 2.20 ± 0.19 ka have been also obtained from the baked soil samples with a plateau between 300 and 350 0 C. The TL dates of the ceramics and baked soil are consistent with C-14 dates on charcoal samples taken from the same layer in Xian Terracotta Army Site. It is consistent with other evidence that the Terracotta Army figures were made about 2200 yr ago and that the site burned down soon afterwards. (author)

  4. Dificuldades lingüísticas na aquisição da escrita e agressividade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fermino Fernandes Sisto

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa estudou a relação entre dificuldades lingüísticas da escrita e agressividade em estudantes de oito a doze anos. Participaram 834 alunos de escolas estaduais e particulares. Foi aplicada a Escala de Agressividade para Crianças e Jovens, que fornece medidas de agressividade geral e nas situações familiar e escolar e o ADAPE, que consiste em um ditado composto por palavras com dificuldades lingüísticas. As dificuldades lingüísticas e as medidas de agressividade escolar indicaram grandes semelhanças nos resultados das segundas e terceiras séries, fornecendo correlações significativas e positivas, ou seja, conforme aumentaram os erros na escrita, aumentaram também as pontuações em agressividade escolar. Entretanto, com os alunos da quarta série, houve uma nítida diferenciação entre os gêneros. Enquanto que as meninas forneceram coeficientes positivos e alguns muito altos, os meninos registraram correlações negativas, indicando que conforme aumentaram os erros, diminuiu a agressividade escolar.

  5. Convergências lexicais: a área dos olhos no Atlas Lingüístico Galego e no Atlas Lingüístico do Paraná

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanderci de Andrade Aguilera

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This article presents some points of convergence between the lexical variants of two geolinguistic corpora: volume V of the Atlas Lingüístico Galego - ALGa (García et alii 2005 and the Atlas Lingüístico do Paraná – ALPR (Aguilera 1994 together with the Atlas Lingüístico do Paraná II - ALPR II (Altino 2005. Within the Human Body semantic field, items referring to the eye area were examined. Geolinguistic and lexicological methods were used in the analysis, since we were looking for information about spatial distribution and lexical documentation of variants common to both corpora. The analysis indicated that certain variants surviving in rural Paraná speech are linked to Galician forms, and that some metonymic and lexical creation processes act similarly in both languages. We also found analogous sociolinguistic features of the lexical item capela in three different language areas: Galician, European Portuguese and Paraná dialect. This convergence is illustrated by (i the diatopic distribution of variants such as capela in the dialect of Paraná and its presence, though sparse, in Galician, (ii the attribution of more than one meaning to the same concept, such as pestana which, according to both atlases, may mean either ‘eyelid’ or ‘eyelash’, and (iii the creation of folk terms through semantic extension or the use of more generic terms such as piel ‘skin’, tapa ‘cover’, papo ‘maw’ (in ALGa and pele ‘skin’, couro ‘hide’ (in ALPR rather than the learned form pálpebra ‘eyelid.’

  6. Assimilation of Feng-Yun-3B satellite microwave humidity sounder data over land

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Keyi; Bormann, Niels; English, Stephen; Zhu, Jiang

    2018-03-01

    The ECMWF has been assimilating Feng-Yun-3B (FY-3B) satellite microwave humidity sounder (MWHS) data over ocean in an operational forecasting system since 24 September 2014. It is more difficult, however, to assimilate microwave observations over land and sea ice than over the open ocean due to higher uncertainties in land surface temperature, surface emissivity and less effective cloud screening. We compare approaches in which the emissivity is retrieved dynamically from MWHS channel 1 [150 GHz (vertical polarization)] with the use of an evolving emissivity atlas from 89 GHz observations from the MWHS onboard NOAA and EUMETSAT satellites. The assimilation of the additional data over land improves the fit of short-range forecasts to other observations, notably ATMS (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) humidity channels, and the forecast impacts are mainly neutral to slightly positive over the first five days. The forecast impacts are better in boreal summer and the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the techniques tested allow for effective assimilation of MWHS/FY-3B data over land.

  7. El lingüista y las patologías del lenguaje

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Pérez, Milagros

    1999-01-01

    Se definen tres dimensiones básicas en las que la Lingüística resulta clave para aproximarse a las patologías del lenguaje, a saber, el enfoque, los procedimientos descriptivos y los sistemas de estimación de las disfunciones

  8. Risk of loss power for ATWT in Daya Bay and Ling'ao nuclear power stations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo Cheng

    2010-01-01

    In order to analyze the differences between the Anticipated Transient Without Reactor Trip (ATWT) and other reactor protection methods, this paper analyzes in detail the realizing means of ATWT and the effect of lost of power supply on the units based on Daya Bay and Ling'ao Nuclear Power Stations by system wiring diagram. Based on the comprehensive analysis,this paper proposes the sequence for powering when recovering the power source after ATWT power supply (LCC/LNE) loss for Daya Bay and Ling'ao Nuclear Power Stations. (authors)

  9. Marcas lingüísticas do narrador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ismael Angelo Cintra

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available

    Faz-se uma análise do narrador a partir dos aspectos linguisticos. Tal análise c centrada, não na categoria verbal da pessoa — um elemento geralmente associado á questão do foco narrativo —, mas antes cm outros elementos verbais que colocam em jogo as relações entre o sujeito e o discurso. São também discutidos alguns problemas terminológicos relacionados com a abordagem lingüística para o estudo do loco narrativo.

  10. Plant landscape design and its social service function of Shanghai Qibao GaoXian Roof Garden Market

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dai Wenbin

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available With the rapid development of urban social economy,the original green area of the cities has been decreasing continually. In order to meet the humanistic,natural and economic demands of the urban green space,this paper takes the Shanghai Qibao GaoXian Roof Garden Market as an example further studing the social service functions of the market such as leisure meeting,garden life,flower market,education on nature,festival exhibition and so on.

  11. Fumigation treatment of Four Yellow Qing Ling Water with artificial tears for dry eyes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yan-Yan Chen

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of fumigation treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(Four Yellow Qing Ling Waterfor dry eye, and to provide the reference for clinical treatment of dry eye. METHODS: Totally 82 patients(164 eyeswere randomly divided into two groups from June 2016 to December 2016 in Ophthalmology Department of our hospital. The patients in control group were given artificial tears; the patients in the observation group were given artificial tears and fumigation treatment of traditional Chinese(Four Yellow Qing Ling Wateronce a day. After treatment for 14d, the Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt, break-up time(BUT, cornea fluorescein staining(FLand clinical efficacy of two groups were compared. RESULTS: The efficiency rate of observation group was significantly better than the control group(87.8% vs 70.7%, Pvs 6.38±2.52mm/5min, Pvs 6.35±2.29s, Pvs 1.26±0.84, PCONCLUSION: The fumigation treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(Four Yellow Qing Ling Watercombined with artificial tears for dry eyes can improve the clinical symptoms of dry eye syndrome.

  12. O curso de lingüística geral: apontamentos de uma leitura da análise do discurso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanice Maria Oliveira Sargentini

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available Leitor atento do Curso de Lingüística Geral, Michel Pêcheux, do mirante da ciência das formações sociais, procura encontrar as contradições do pensamento saussuriano para propor um conjunto de questões para a Lingüística, intervindo em seus domínios e objetos. Uma dessas contradições pode ser evidenciada no conceito saussuriano de analogia. Para Pêcheux, embora Saussure tenha se esforçado para ligar a analogia à lingua, é possível evidenciar que a 'fala' saussuriana traz novamente à tona a problemática do sujeito. Com objetivo de negar e, ao mesmo tempo, superar esse antropologismo psicologista veiculado pelo conceito saussuriano de fala, Pêcheux, entendendo que o sistema lingüístico é dotado de uma autonomia relativa em relação ao seu exterior— as classes sociais —propõe a noção de processo discursivo. Essa noção daria coita de explicar como as palavras mudam de sentido segundo as posições sustentadas por aqueles que as empregam. Nosso objetivo é refletir sobre a negação e a superação operadas por Pêcheux em relação à leitura de uma das recepções do Curso de Lingüística Geral de Saussure, evidenciando que tal gesto relaciona-se mais com o projeto politico da Análise do Discurso do que efetivamente com os escritos saussurianos presentes no Curso de Lingüística Geral.

  13. El papel de la teoría y de la aplicación en la construcción de disciplinas lingüísticas. El caso de la 'Lingüística Clínica' y áreas conexas

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Pérez, Milagros

    1998-01-01

    El trabajo traza líneas de desarrollo y derroteros de la Lingüística Clínica. Desde los inicios en la terapéutica del habla y en la afasiología, con la paulatina introducción de modelos conductuales y comunicativos, hasta la actualidad del ámbito clínico consolidado como una esfera de investigación destacada en el conjunto de aplicaciones de la Lingüística.

  14. AHP 47: UNCLE STON PA VISITS XI'AN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sangs rgyas bkra shis སངས་རྒྱས་བཀྲ་ཤིས།

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Uncle Ston pa heard people talking about monks from his home community who visited such big cities as Beijing and Shanghai where they met many rich Chinese. They made a lot of money and then bought expensive cars and houses when they got back home. Uncle Ston pa thought about it and then decided to go to Zi ling by bus. When he arrived, he went to a store and bought an outfit of monk's clothes. By this time, he was very hungry and went to the area near the train station where many Tibetans operated businesses. He met a man he knew and said, "Hello! What are you doing here? Such a lucky coincidence to meet you here!"

  15. Las actitudes lingüísticas en el español de San José, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annette Calvo Shadid

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de cuatro distritos de la capital, San José, frente al español Costa Rica y el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. La presente investigación constituye un estudio sociolingüístico cuantitativo y es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 404 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En el artículo se abordan las actitudes lingüísticas desde tres tipos de percepciones, a saber, percepciones cognitivo-lingüísticas y actitudes afectivas sobre el español nacional, opiniones sobre la corrección lingüística y los medios de comunicación y sobre la unidad o diversidad del español; percepciones cognitivo-lingüísticas sobre el español de los otros países, y actitudes afectivas y preferencias por otras variedades lingüísticas del idioma. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of Spanish speakers from four districts of the capital, San José, towards Spanish spoken in Costa Rica and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is based on a quantitative sociolinguistic study and is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 404 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The linguistic attitudes are studied from three types of perceptions, namely, cognitive-linguistic perceptions and affective attitudes on national Spanish, opinions about the linguistic correction and the media, and about the unity or diversity of the Spanish language

  16. FY 2000 report on the survey of the overseas geological structure. Japan-China joint coal exploration - Yu Xian project; 2000 nendo kaigai chishitsu kozo nado chosa hokokusho. Nippon Chugoku sekitan kyodo tansa Yu Xian project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2001-03-01

    The geological survey was carried out which is needed for coal mine design in the Yu Xian coal mine area, Yu Xian coal field, Hebei province, China. The term of survey was 5 years from 1996 to 2000. Activities are mainly for seismic survey and boring survey. Japan was in charge of the seismic survey, and China in charge of the boring survey. Both attained the goal. The results of the activities were summed up in the following 7 items: 1) outline of the survey; 2) general investigation; 3) state of the exploration related materials/machinery; 4) field survey; 5) items of survey; 6) results of the survey; 7) conclusion. In 6), the geological analysis, coal quality survey and coal amount survey were conducted. In the geological analysis, analyzed were the succession of strata, geological structure, and the situation of existence of coal seams. In 7), the following were made clear: geological structure of the survey area, coal seam, coal quality, hydrological geology, other conditions of drilling technology, and coal amount. The coal amount was 328.34 million tons in a total of A/B/C class coals. The total coal amount of Nos. 1 and 5 coal seams was 259.79 million tons, which was 79.1% of the total coal amount in all area. The average thickness of Nos. 1 and 5 coal seams, which are the main minable coal seams, was 3.10m and 2.66m, respectively. (NEDO)

  17. Impact on air quality of measures to reduce CO2 emissions from road traffic in Basel, Rotterdam, Xi'an and Suzhou

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Keuken, M.P.; Jonkers, S.; Verhagen, H.L.M.; Perez, L.; Truëb, S.; Okkerse, W.J.; Liu, J.; Pan, X.C.; Zheng, L.; Wang, H.; Xu, R.; Sabel, C.E.

    2014-01-01

    Two traffic scenarios to reduce CO2 emissions from road traffic in two European cities (Basel and Rotterdam) and two Chinese cities (Xi'an and Suzhou) were evaluated in terms of their impact on air quality. The two scenarios, one modelling a reduction of private vehicle kilometres driven by 10% on

  18. Diacronía y sincronía del contacto lingüístico en Patagonia sur

    OpenAIRE

    Virkel, Ana Ester

    2012-01-01

    Desde su integración al Estado argentino, la región patagónica fue receptora de inmigrantes de muy diversas procedencias, quienes, integrándose con las etnias aborígenes preexistentes, configuraron un contexto multiétnico y multicultural, con la consiguiente diversidad lingüística. El propósito de este trabajo es trazar un esquemático itinerario a través de la historia lingüística de Chubut, Patagonia sur, focalizando el interés en una serie de procesos migratorios que impactan de modo sus...

  19. Concentrations, sources and health effects of parent, oxygenated- and nitrated- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in middle-school air in Xi'an, China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Jingzhi; Xu, Hongmei; Guinot, Benjamin; Li, Lijuan; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Liu, Suixin; Li, Xiaoping; Cao, Junji

    2017-08-01

    Indoor and outdoor concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs), and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) associated with PM2.5 particles were monitored in a middle-school classroom from 8 to 22 March 2012 in Xi'an, China. The total PAHs ranged from 49.6 to 140.0 ng/m3 in outdoors and 50.3 to 111.6 ng/m3 in indoors, while OPAHs and NPAHs showed averages of 19.1 and 16.4 ng/m3, 0.1039 and 0.0785 ng/m3 for outdoor and indoor air, respectively. Strong correlations were found between indoor (I) and outdoor (O), and the I/O ratios were school in Xi'an. Indoor pollutants were mostly influenced by outdoor air. Biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emission were main sources for PAHs. Secondary formation was the main source for OPAHs and NPAHs. Inhalation cancer risks assessment of PAHs showed there were potential health risks for students during sampling time.

  20. La teoría del decir: la nueva lingüística según Ortega y Gasset

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Agustin, Oscar Garcia

    2000-01-01

    estudio sincrónico de la lengua. A partir de ahí, Ortega busca el sentido de la palabra en el decir. Este proceso conlleva reflexiones sobre el uso de la lengua, que entroncan con las realizadas posteriormente por la Pragmática y la Lingüística del Texto. La lengua, como producto social, deriva en...... supuestos compartidos, en parte, por el Análisis Crítico del Discurso y, como producto individual -de la necesidad de decir-, se relaciona directamente con la filosofía del lenguaje.......En diversos artículos Ortega y Gasset sugirió la necesidad de una nueva lingüística, la teoría del decir, que sorprende por la validez y actualidad de sus apreciaciones. Partiendo de la crítica a los límites de la lingüística concebida por Saussure, rebate la dicotomía entre lengua y habla y el...

  1. Natural radioactivity in some building materials of Xi'an, China

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu Xinwei

    2005-01-01

    Eight kinds of building materials collected from Xi'an, China were analyzed for the natural radioactivity of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K using γ-ray spectroscopy. The concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the selected building materials ranges from 19.5 to 68.3Bqkg -1 , 13.4 to 51.7Bqkg -1 and 63.2 to 713.9Bqkg -1 , respectively. The measured activity concentrations for these natural radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and with the world average activity of soil. The radium equivalent activities (Ra eq ), external hazard index (H ex ) and the internal radiation hazard index (H in ) associated with the natural radionuclides were calculated. The Ra eq values of all building materials are lower than the limit of 370Bqkg -1 , equivalent to a γ-dose of 1.5mSvyr -1 . The values of H ex and H in are less than unity

  2. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among school-aged children in Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yi, Xiaoqing; Yin, Chunyan; Chang, Ming; Xiao, Yanfeng

    2012-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with obesity among school-aged children in Xi'an city. The body mass index of 6,740 children aged 7-18 years was compared with the Working Group on Obesity in China cut-off value to estimate the prevalence of obesity. A case-control study of obese and non-obese children was carried out to study risk factors for obesity. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on possible risk factors causing obesity. Univariate analysis was performed first to compare the distribution of risk factors between cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent risk factors of obesity. The results showed that the overall prevalence of obesity among school-aged children was 4.11% (4.63% for males and 3.57% for females). A total of 516 subjects (258 pairs of cases and controls) were included in the final analysis. High maternal education and a longer sleeping time were shown to be protective factors against obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.148, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.074-0.296 and OR 0.472, 95% CI 0.342-0.652, respectively). Whereas family history of diabetes (OR 5.498, 95% CI 2.606-11.600), parental overweight (OR 3.720, 95% CI 2.068-6.689), and watching television, playing video games, and using computers (OR 1.564, 95% CI 1.133-2.159) were associated with a higher obesity risk. The prevalence of childhood obesity in Xi'an has become a concern, and sleeping time, sedentary behavior, and family factors have pronounced effects on the prevalence of obesity.

  3. Estimating PM2.5 Concentrations in Xi'an City Using a Generalized Additive Model with Multi-Source Monitoring Data.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yong-Ze Song

    Full Text Available Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5 represents a severe environmental problem and is of negative impact on human health. Xi'an City, with a population of 6.5 million, is among the highest concentrations of PM2.5 in China. In 2013, in total, there were 191 days in Xi'an City on which PM2.5 concentrations were greater than 100 μg/m3. Recently, a few studies have explored the potential causes of high PM2.5 concentration using remote sensing data such as the MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT product. Linear regression is a commonly used method to find statistical relationships among PM2.5 concentrations and other pollutants, including CO, NO2, SO2, and O3, which can be indicative of emission sources. The relationships of these variables, however, are usually complicated and non-linear. Therefore, a generalized additive model (GAM is used to estimate the statistical relationships between potential variables and PM2.5 concentrations. This model contains linear functions of SO2 and CO, univariate smoothing non-linear functions of NO2, O3, AOT and temperature, and bivariate smoothing non-linear functions of location and wind variables. The model can explain 69.50% of PM2.5 concentrations, with R2 = 0.691, which improves the result of a stepwise linear regression (R2 = 0.582 by 18.73%. The two most significant variables, CO concentration and AOT, represent 20.65% and 19.54% of the deviance, respectively, while the three other gas-phase concentrations, SO2, NO2, and O3 account for 10.88% of the total deviance. These results show that in Xi'an City, the traffic and other industrial emissions are the primary source of PM2.5. Temperature, location, and wind variables also non-linearly related with PM2.5.

  4. Repensando la educación inicial del profesorado para la diversidad lingüística y cultural en el aula

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Jennifer Coelho

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Los sistemas educativos europeos están afrontando en las últimas décadas numerosos retos relacionados con el tratamiento de la diversidad cultural y lingüística. La necesidad de afrontar dicha diversidad requiere de planteamientos globales dirigidos al conjunto de la población en aras de construir una sociedad cohesionada lingüística, social y culturalmente. En este artículo exponemos algunos de los principales problemas que afectan a la formación inicial del profesorado por lo que se refiere a la gestión y el tratamiento de la diversidad cultural y lingüística así como diferentes proyectos y enfoques que justamente tienen por objetivo establecer su formación competencial.  

  5. Investigation on natural radioactive nuclide contents of rock products in Xi'an construction materials market

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Chunlin; Han Feng; Shang Aiguo; Li Tiantuo; Guo Huiping; Yie Lichao; Li Guifang

    2001-01-01

    The author reports the investigation results on natural radioactive nuclide contents of rock products from Xi'an construction materials market. The products were classified according to the national standard. The results show that natural radioactive nuclide contents in sampled rock products are in normal radioactive background levels. The radio-activity ranges of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K are 2.7 - 181.8, 0.92 - 271.0, 0.63 - 148.0, 1.8 - 1245 Bq·kg -1 , respectively. According to the national standard (JC 518-93), the application of some rock products must be limited

  6. Seasonal variation, spatial distribution and source apportionment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at nineteen communities in Xi'an, China: The effects of suburban scattered emissions in winter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Jingzhi; Cao, Junji; Dong, Zhibao; Guinot, Benjamin; Gao, Meiling; Huang, Rujin; Han, Yongming; Huang, Yu; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Shen, Zhenxing

    2017-12-01

    Seasonal variation and spatial distribution of PM 2.5 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated at urban residential, commercial area, university, suburban region, and industry in Xi'an, during summer and winter time at 2013. Much higher levels of total PAHs were obtained in winter. Spatial distributions by kriging interpolations principle showed that relative high PAHs were detected in western Xi'an in both summer and winter, with decreasing trends in winter from the old city wall to the 2 nd -3rd ring road except for the suburban region and industry. Coefficients of diversity and statistics by SPSS method demonstrated that PAHs in suburban have significant differences (t winter and summer in urban, which different with the suburban. The coal combustion was the main source for PAHs in suburban region, which accounted for 46.6% in winter and sharp decreased to 19.2% in summer. Scattered emissions from uncontrolled coal combustion represent an important source of PAHs in suburban in winter and there were about 135 persons in Xi'an will suffer from lung cancer for lifetime exposure at winter levels. Further studies are needed to specify the effluence of the scattered emission in suburban to the city and to develop a strategy for controlling those emissions and lighten possible health effects. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. The extent and nature of television food advertising to children in Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Danyang; Wang, Ting; Cheng, Yue; Zhang, Min; Yang, Xue; Zhu, Zhonghai; Liu, Danli; Yang, Wenfang; Zeng, Lingxia

    2016-08-11

    To explore the extent and nature of television food advertising especially unhealthy food advertising to primary school children in Xi'an, China. Television data were recorded for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days between 6:00 and 22:00 during May and June in 2012 from a total of five television channels most popular with children in Xi'an. Pearson χ (2) tests and logistic regression were applied to determine differences in the proportion of healthy food, unhealthy food and miscellaneous food advertisements for different channels, programs, dates, viewing periods and the use of persuasive marketing tactics. Of the 5527 advertisements transcribed, 25.5 % were for food, among which 48.1 % were considered to be unhealthy. The frequency of food advertisements was 6 per hour per channel, including 3 unhealthy food advertisements. Compared with healthy and miscellaneous food advertisements, more unhealthy food advertisements were shown during afternoon, weekends and children's non-peak viewing times as well as on children's television channels, central television channels and non-children's programmes. Unhealthy foods contributed the highest proportion of all food advertisements containing promotional characters (51.7 %) and premium offers (59.1 %). Both promotional characters and premium offers appeared more on non-children's television channels. The majority of food advertisements were for unhealthy food. More unhealthy food ads were shown in children's non-peak time and afternoon as well as non-children's channels. More children-oriented persuasive marketing tactics were used in unhealthy food ads especially in non-children's channels. Therefore, intervening in the entrance of unhealthy foods into the market and establishing regulations related to food advertising especially unhealthy food advertisements are important strategies to prevent children's exposure to unhealthy food and childhood obesity.

  8. Inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron fluxes with POES electron measurements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Yang; Ni, Binbin; Xiang, Zheng; Zhang, Xianguo; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Gu, Xudong; Fu, Song; Cao, Xing; Zou, Zhengyang

    2018-05-01

    We perform an L-shell dependent inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron measurements with POES measurements based on rough orbital conjunctions within 5 min × 0.1 L × 0.5 MLT. By comparing electron flux data between the U.S. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and Chinese sun-synchronous satellites including FY-3B and FY-3C for a whole year of 2014, we attempt to remove less reliable data and evaluate systematic uncertainties associated with the FY-3B and FY-3C datasets, expecting to quantify the inter-satellite calibration factors for the 150-350 keV energy channel at L = 2-7. Compared to the POES data, the FY-3B and FY-3C data generally exhibit a similar trend of electron flux variations but more or less underestimate them within a factor of 5 for the medium electron energy 150-350 keV channel. Good consistency in the flux conjunctions after the inter-calibration procedures gives us certain confidence to generalize our method to calibrate electron flux measurements from various satellite instruments.

  9. Naturaleza y origen de los demonios en la épica tibetana de Gesar de Ling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bertha Aceves Torres

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available El poema épico del héroe tibetano Gesar de Ling nace de tradición oral, posteriormente es escrito en diversas lenguas, y sus interpretaciones orales, en el Tíbet, perduran hasta nuestros días. El conflicto que desata las acciones en el relato es el enfrentamiento del héroe contra los seres demoníacos, que asolan y subyugan al pueblo tibetano. La categoría de demonios en el occidente difiere de la naturaleza de los demonios en el budismo tibetano. La subyugación de los demonios por Gesar de Ling, que se efectúa en el poema, corresponde a uno de los objetivos del budismo a su llegada al Tíbet.

  10. La llengua catalana, pedra de toc de la diversitat lingüística europea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isidor Marí Mayans

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available La UE es troba a les portes d'una ampliació que comportarà la incorporació de deu noves llengües oficials, moltes de les quals amb unes dimensions demogràfiques i una vitalitat cultural inferiors a la llengua catalana. L'article comenta que la situació actual del català a la UE és injustificable i escandalosa i que ho resultarà encara més després de l'ampliació. La previsible modificació del règim lingüístic de la UE tendirà a la reducció de les llengües de treball per raons d'eficiència, però l'ampliació de les llengües oficials hauria de permetre incloure-hi llengües com la catalana, que ja són oficials en el seu territori. Tampoc hi ha cap raó perquè el català resulti exclòs dels programes lingüístics europeus, en els quals participen fins i tot llengües de països externs a la UE. Les comunitats lingüístiques amb poders legislatius han de poder regular l'ús públic de les llengües en el seu espai igual que els estats; altrament la mateixa UE indica que sols la independència política garanteix un tracte igualitari.

  11. Lingüística aplicada e o ensino de línguas estrangeiras no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Robert Schmitz

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Procura-se neste trabalho apresentar um esboço de Lingüística Aplicada e o Ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras no mundo e também no Brasil. Conclui-se que a disciplina está em pleno desenvolvimento com contribuições pertinentes para o ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, além de outras áreas de conhecimento tais como língua pátria, ensino bilíngüe, tradução, alfabetização e letramento. Destaca-se no artigo o estado da arte em Lingüística Aplicada no Brasil que atinge no momento, especialmente no campo de ensino de línguas estrangeiras, a sua maturidade após vinte anos de atividade.

  12. Saussure e o discurso: o Curso de Lingüística Geral lido pela análise do discurso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Piovezani

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available

    Qual o lugar da Lingüística e, mais particularmente, de Saussure na constituição e nos desenvolvimentos da Análise do Discurso? Com vistas a refletir sobre a leitura que o grupo em torno de Michel Pêcheux fez do Curso de Lingüística Geral, não buscaremos responder sumariamente a essa questão, antes, tentaremos expor algumas de suas contingências e examinar certas respostas que a ela poderiam ser dadas, considerando as condições de sua emergência e as razões de sua formulação. No intuito de compreender certos aspectos da recepção de Saussure pela AD, recorremos a princípios discursivos e a contribuições da Historiografia lingüística francesa.

  13. Opciones educativas culturalmente sensibles a la diversidad y la implementación de los derechos lingüísticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Ernesto Behares

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413915 Este trabajo analiza algunas cuestiones teóricas vinculadas a la instrumentalización de los derechos lingüísticos en contextos educativos. En particular, discute las relaciones entre las pedagogías culturalmente sensibles a la diversidad y la instrumentación escolar de derechos lingüísticos de niños y comunidades. Se estudian las tendencias de instrumentación política ligadas a los conceptos de tolerancia, promoción y herencia.

  14. Conexões entre produção textual e consciência lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soroka, Jaqueline Golbspan

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo examina a conexão entre consciência lingüística e produção textual, enfatizando os mecanismos coesivos e as etapas subjacentes ao processo de organização textual. Trata-se de uma investigação interdisciplinar a tipo exploratório, baseada nos pressupostos teóricos da psicologia cognitiva, da psicolingüística e da lingüística textual. Com o objetivo de verificar se o desempenho na produção textual - em termos de uso dos mecanismos coesivos - relaciona-se positivamente com o desenvolvimento da consciência lingüística, e se escritores com déficit na escrita redacional poderiam se beneficiar com uma abordagem terapêutica que estimule suas habilidades para refletir sobre a libguagem, foi desenvolvida nesta pesquisa uma etapa de 30 sessões de tratamento psicopedagógico grupal. Três sujeitos pré-adolescentes, de 11 a 14 anos de idade, integram o grupo (um dos sujeitos encontrava-se repetindo a 5ª série e os demais cursavam a 6ª série do 1º grau. Concluímos que a estimulação das habilidades metalingüísticas podem auxiliar os sujeitos com dificuldades escolares e desenvolver proficiência na produção textual, no que diz respeito ao monitoramento do uso dos mecanismos coesivos

  15. Sobre la naturaleza de la investigación lingüística: Antecedentes y perspectivas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Félix Quesada Castillo

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objeto propiciar una reflexión sobre las diferentes propuestas de explicación acerca de la naturaleza del lenguaje.Se hace un somero repaso sobre los antecedentes de la lingüística para concluir en una reflexión en torno a las perspectivas actuales.En vista de que la lengua constituye un sistema subyacente que genera las expresiones del comportamiento verbal, una teoría lingüística adecuada exige un enfoque internalista. Según esta perspectiva, el ser humano es capaz de hablar una lengua por cuanto está dotado de una facultad dellenguaje, o de un órgano de la mente/cerebro, y esta dotación genética explica el aprendizaje de una lengua y la capacidad de usar la lengua, debido a la conexión entre el módulo de la facultad del lenguaje (estado asumido al hablar una lengua cualquiera y los sistemas o módulos de la performance. Este avance alcanzado por el desarrollo de la teoría generativaactual ha conducido a proponer la biolingüística como ciencia del lenguaje, lo que conduce a integrar la lingüística con las demás ciencias del cerebro, debilitándose su vínculo con las ciencias sociales. Palabras claves: Enfoque internalista, facultad de lenguaje, mente/cerebro, biolingüística.

  16. L'antropologia lingüística : etnografia i conceptes

    OpenAIRE

    Argenter, Joan A. (Joan Albert)

    2011-01-01

    Entenent que la recerca etnogràfica és pròpia de l'antropologia lingüística, l'article se centra en els treballs que n'han fet un ús metodològic i heurístic. Des d'un punt de vista conceptual s'aborden els conceptes de significat social, comunitat i context, i també la funció de la indexicalitat, en particular la no referencial. A continuació, s'identifiquen diversos fenòmens estudiats per la sociolingüística catalana sota aquest patró i se'n destaquen contribucions significatives en...

  17. Planificación lingüística y política educativa. Análisis y estudio de caso: Lituania

    OpenAIRE

    Montalbán Benítez, Eva M.

    2015-01-01

    La planificación lingüística y política educativa propone soluciones a la hora de establecer el uso de las lenguas en una comunidad. Este trabajo se centra en un estudio de la delimitación de la disciplina, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las lenguas minoritarias en Europa. A partir del estudio de caso, Lituania, vamos a comprobar las posibles repercusiones que tiene la política lingüística para la planificación de las lenguas.

  18. Estudio del perfil lingüístico de los jóvenes que abandonan prematuramente la escuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Ángeles Jiménez Jiménez

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available En el abandono escolar temprano influyen muchos factores, entre ellos, la competencia comunicativa del alumnado. En Melilla2, ciudad con el índice de fracaso escolar más elevado de España, se realizó una investigación cuyo objetivo era definir el perfil personal y lingüístico del joven que abandona sus estudios antes de los 24 años. Se trabajó con una metodología mixta para unir los resultados de una encuesta realizada a estos jóvenes con la información aportada por un grupo de discusión. Los resultados atienden a: características personales, familiares, escolares y capacidades lingüísticas. Como conclusión, este perfil corresponde a una persona bereber, sin género definido, de entre 16 y 17 años, que usa el español y el “tamazight” en su vida diaria, y tiene un bajo rendimiento académico; además, el nivel de estudios y socioeconómico familiar es bajo. Respecto a sus capacidades lingüísticas, su hábito lector es muy escaso y tiene dificultades en comprensión oral.

  19. N-gramas sintácticos y su uso en la lingüistica computacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grigori Sidorov

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, estamos introduciendo un nuevo concepto que se utilizará en la lingüística computacional, se llama n-gramas sintácticos: son n-gramas que se construyen siguiendo un árbol sintáctico. Es equivalente a introducir la información sintáctica en los métodos de aprendizaje automático, que siempre era un problema muy difícil. Discutimos los elementos que pueden formar estos n-gramas: palabras, clases gramaticales (POS tags, nombres de relaciones sintácticas, caracteres. Consideramos dos ejemplos de cómo se puede obtener los n-gramas sintácticos basándonos en un árbol sintáctico, tanto para el español como para el inglés. Adicionalmente, presentamos un modelo más utilizando de solución de problemas de la lingüística computacional, específicamente, el modelo de espacio vectorial.

  20. Didáctica y Lingüística: un desafío desde la universidad para la educación básica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MIREYA CISNEROS ESTUPIÑÁN

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Aunque se ha avanzado considerablemente en las orientaciones sobre la enseñanza de la lengua materna, persiste una escasez de estudios orientados, no solo al tema de la lectura y la escritura, sino a una didáctica más global que incluya la lingüística como objeto de saber, base para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Tal situación repercute en los procesos de formación de los programas de Licenciatura en Español y Literatura donde se enfatiza en la enseñanza de la teoría lingüística, más que en la búsqueda de alternativas didácticas adaptables a las necesidades del contexto y a los objetivos de enseñanza. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la adecuación de los saberes impartidos en la formación de docentes de Español, en el marco de una transposición didáctica entre la lingüística teórica y la lingüística escolar.

  1. The spatial distribution of commuting CO2 emissions and the influential factors: A case study in Xi'an, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuan-Yuan Liu

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available As the transport sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, the effect of urbanization on transport CO2 emissions in developing cities has become a key issue under global climate change. Examining the case of Xi'an, this paper aims to explore the spatial distribution of commuting CO2 emissions and influencing factors in the new, urban industry zones and city centers considering Xi'an's transition from a monocentric to a polycentric city in the process of urbanization. Based on household survey data from 1501 respondents, there are obvious differences in commuting CO2 emissions between new industry zones and city centers: City centers feature lower household emissions of 2.86 kg CO2 per week, whereas new industry zones generally have higher household emissions of 3.20 kg CO2 per week. Contrary to previous research results, not all new industry zones have high levels of CO2 emissions; with the rapid development of various types of industries, even a minimum level of household emissions of 2.53 kg CO2 per week is possible. The uneven distribution of commuting CO2 emissions is not uniformly affected by spatial parameters such as job–housing balance, residential density, employment density, and land use diversity. Optimum combination of the spatial parameters and travel pattern along with corresponding transport infrastructure construction may be an appropriate path to reduction and control of emissions from commuting.

  2. Instrumentos lingüísticos académicos y norma estándar del español: la nueva política lingüística panhispánica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Lauria

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available El contexto de globalización económica y de integraciones regionales impulsó una renovación de los instrumentos lingüísticos académicos. Esta renovación vino de la mano de un aparente cambio en el interés político y teórico de la Real Academia Española capaz de representar el estatuto de lengua internacional del español. En el presente artículo examinamos los discursos que la Academia elaboró en los últimos años con el fin de convalidar sus instrumentos normativos. Para ello, analizamos la Nueva política lingüística panhispánica,documento que expresa las principales líneas de esta nueva política sobre el español, el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas y la Prepublicación de la Nueva Gramática de la Lengua Española en tanto manifestaciones concretas de dicha política. Concluimos que la nueva política lingüística panhispánicaresulta ser más una operación discursiva que otra cosa. En efecto, lejos de fomentar una distribución equitativa y multilateral de las funciones en la estructura organizativa, continúan reproduciéndose las antiguas jerarquíasen la toma de decisiones, sosteniendo una clara centralización en los procesos de estandarización en el mundo hispánico. -- The context of the economical globalization and the regional integration has promoted a renovation of the linguistic devices used by the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language. This renovation came along with an apparent turn in the political and theoretical interests of the Academy —institution that iscapable of representing the statute of Spanish as an international language. In this article, we examine the discourses that the Academy devised in the last few years in order to validate their normative devices. In that sense,we analyze the Nueva política lingüística panhispánica —document that depicts the principal outlines of this new policy regarding Spanish—, and the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas and the Prepublicación de la

  3. Analysis of direct containment heating in Ling'ao-2 nuclear power plant model With FCI-CMFD software

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Xi; Yang Yanhua; Huang Xi

    2010-01-01

    Ling'ao 2 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) model was established in the paper. Three dimensional numerical calculation code MC3D was used for analyzing the potential direct containment heating (DCH) accident in the model. MC3D is a special software for fuel coolant interaction (FCI) analysis. In order to predict the accident accurately, initial conditions provided by the SBO accident calculation and the geometric model of Ling'ao 2 NPP were combined to simulate the process of the accident. The calculation gives temperature field, droplet Janume fraction field, velocity field, and the pressure variation in the containment in the case of accident. The result shows that DCH will cause the pressure rising rapidly in the containment and in some local areas temperature rises too. (authors)

  4. Actitudes lingüísticas en México. Entre el chovinismo y el malinchismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Morett

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de México, hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico sobre sus preferencias y opiniones de las variantes dialectales mexicanas y del mundo hispanohablante. El análisis identifica factores lingüísticos y extralingüísticos que devienen en percepciones cognitivas y actitudes afectivas de orgullo, aceptación, rechazo y estigmatización. Se dedicó especial atención a las creencias sobre la corrección lingüística y al rol de los medios de comunicación en la propagación de estereotipos. En relación con investigaciones precedentes, la española y la mexicana se mantuvieron como las variantes más prestigiosas, aunque en varios aspectos se registró una mayor autoestima lingüística y, al mismo tiempo, una creciente conciencia y aceptación hacia la diversidad intralingüística y cultural, especialmente hacia las hablas de otros países hispanohablantes. Se concluye que las creencias sobre los grupos sociales se encuentran en la base de las actitudes lingüísticas, antes que los criterios inherentes al lenguaje. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Mexico City, towards Spanish spoken in the country, and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400

  5. La Política Lingüística en la Nueva España La Política Lingüística en la Nueva España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Charles Wright Carr

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available El dominio de la Nueva España por el Estado español produjo cambios en el uso de las lenguas. La novedad principal fue la introducción y difusión del idioma castellano. De manera paralela algunos europeos, especialmente los misioneros, estudiaban las lenguas indígenas, a la vez que muchos criollos y mestizos aprendían los idiomas nativos desde su infancia. Desde la época Prehispánica el náhuatl servía en algunas regiones de la Nueva España como lengua franca; la Iglesia y la Corona fomentaron y extendieron esta práctica. A pesar de los intentos de homogeneizar el panorama lingüístico novohispano, sin embargo, no bastaban ni el castellano ni el náhuatl para las labores misioneras y administrativas en los pueblos donde se hablaban otras lenguas. Estas comunidades lingüísticas conservaban sus hablas ancestrales. En el presente trabajo se habla de la legislación lingüística dispuesta por la monarquía española durante el periodo Novohispano, rastreando su impacto en los pueblos indígenas. The domination of New Spain by the Spanish state brought about changes in language use. The biggest change was the introduction and diffusion of the Spanish language. At the same time some Europeans, notably the missionaries, studied the indigenous languages, while many creoles and mestizos learned the native tongues during their infancy. Since pre-Hispanic times Nahuatl had served as a lingua franca in some regions of New Spain; the Catholic Church and the Spanish Crown encouraged and extended this practice. In spite of the attempts to homogenize the linguistic panorama of New Spain, however, neither Spanish nor Nahuatl were suffi cient for the missionary and administrative work in the towns where other languages were spoken. These linguistic communities preserved their ancestral tongues. In this article the linguistic legislation issued by the Spanish monarchy during the early colonial period is discussed, tracing its impact in the Indian

  6. Significado musical y significado lingüistico

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    Fernández Rodríguez-Escalona, Guillermo

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The present paper deals with the problem of meaning in the field of Music from the perspective of the Theory of Language. In the author’s view, there has been an excessive use of the term “meaning” within the area of Musical Semantics, which may lead not only to a terminological lack of precision but also to a confusion of concepts which are more precise in Linguistics than in Musical Theory. Starting from the analysis of the different trends on the presence of meaning in music, as well as its similarities with the linguistic meaning, the author states that both music and language are abilities for the human being to express himself. Nonetheless, language, through its representative meaning, is able to code the experience a person may have of the world. Even though the semantic representation has nothing to do with the musical expression, the latter shares with language a modal meaning connected with the experience the subject has of himself.

    En este trabajo se aborda el problema del significado de la Música desde la perspectiva de la Teoría del lenguaje. En los estudios de semántica musical se hace un uso abusivo del término significado, lo cual lleva no solamente a imprecisiones terminológicas, sino también a confundir conceptos más matizados en la Lingüistica que en la Teoría musical. Partiendo del examen de distintas posiciones sobre la presencia del significado en la música y sus homologías con el significado lingüistico, se llega a la propuesta de que música y lenguaje forman parte de la capacidad expresiva del hombre, pero se diferencian en que el lenguaje, por medio del significado representativo, codifica la experiencia que el sujeto tiene del mundo. Y aunque la representación semántica es un procedimiento ajeno a la expresión musical, esta comparte con el lenguaje un contenido modal relacionado con la experiencia que el sujeto tiene de sí mismo.

  7. Content of Heavy Metal in the Dust of Leisure Squares and Its Health Risk Assessment-A Case Study of Yanta District in Xi'an.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shao, Tianjie; Pan, Lihuan; Chen, Zhiqing; Wang, Ruiyuan; Li, Wenjing; Qin, Qing; He, Yuran

    2018-02-25

    Taking Yanta District in Xi'an as the research object, the present study measures the contents of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), and Chromium (Cr) in dust samples and further assesses the health risk of heavy metals intake through dust based on the assessment method of human exposure risk proposed by U.S. EPA, with an aim to investigate the content of heavy metal in the dust of leisure squares and its exposure risk. As the results indicate, the average contents of five heavy metals are obviously higher than the soil background value in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr are obviously enriched in urban surface dust in Shaanxi Province, due to the influence of human activities. In addition, it can also be found that the non-carcinogen exposure risk in children is significantly higher than that in adults with the risk values of these five heavy metals all one order of magnitude higher than those of adults. Irrespective of whether addressing the results for children or adults, the non-carcinogen exposure doses of five heavy metals are sorted as Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. According to the present situation, for a child, the total non-carcinogenic risk values of five heavy metals have exceeded the safety limit in 11 of the 20 leisure squares in Yanta District of Xi'an. That means the leisure squares are no longer suitable for physical and recreational activities. For the five heavy metals, the average non-carcinogenic risk value of Cr is largest, and causes the largest threat to health in Yanta District, Xi'an. The carcinogenic exposure doses of the heavy metals Cr, Cd, and Ni are very low in respiratory pathways and there is no carcinogenic health risk. In general, the Cr content in dust in domestic cities is higher than that of foreign cities; however, the Pb content is much lower.

  8. Tesis sobre la lingüística del hablar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evgenia Vucheva

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} El artículo presenta un programa para la descripción del lenguaje en sus principales dimensiones ontológicas: la designación, el significado y el sentido. Se exponen de forma concisa los tres planos semánticos del hablar (universal, histórico e individual, así como las unidades y categorías que les corresponden. Asimismo se establecen las respectivas delimitaciones teóricas y metodológicas para su estudio sistemático. Nuestro objetivo principal es trazar las pautas hacia la descripción del hablar como actividad humana compleja, como el producto de la interacción de fenómenos cognitivos, lingüísticos y psicosociales. En este sentido, el trabajo es un intento de buscar el programa integral, elaborado sobre una base lingüística, para trazar las posibles vías hacia una concepción coherente del hablar como fenómeno humano singular, de naturaleza pluridimensional, pero al mismo tiempo unitaria. 

  9. Machine for checking the radioactive contamination of clothing (1961); Machine a controler le linge du point de vue de sa contamination radioactive (1961)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mimaud, R; Cottignies, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre de Production de Plutonium, Marcoule (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-07-01

    This machine is designed to check working clothes after decontamination treatment. It checks automatically for {alpha} and {beta} {gamma} The clothing is carried on a moving belt under a rack of Geiger-Muller counters followed by zinc sulphide scintillators linked to photomultipliers. During its passage under these probes two separate counting systems count the {beta} {gamma} and the {alpha} activities. If a certain fixed rate is reached, a basket reserved for contaminated linen moves into position in front of the belt to collect the clothing; if this rate is not attained the linen is collected in another basket. The starting and stopping of counting, and the return to zero, are controlled by means of 3 photoelectric cells which detect the arrival of the clothing before and after scanning, and its delivery into the baskets. (authors) [French] Cette machine est destinee a controler les vetements de travail apres le traitement de decontamination. Elle effectue automatiquement un controle en {alpha} et en {beta} {gamma}. Le linge entraine par un tapis roulant passe sous une rampe de compteurs Geiger-Muller puis sous des scintillateurs au sulfure de zinc associes a des photomultiplicateurs. Pendant son passage sous ces sondes, deux chaines de comptage distinctes comptent l'activite {beta} {gamma} et l'activite {alpha}. Si un certain taux fixe est atteint, un panier reserve au linge contamine se positionne devant le tapis pour recueillir le linge; dans le cas contraire, le linge est recueilli dans un autre panier. Les operations de debut de comptage, arret de comptage et remise a zero de l'ensemble sont commandees a l'aide de 3 cellules photoelectriques qui detectent l'arrivee du linge avant et apres les sondes, ainsi que sa retombee dans les paniers. (auteurs)

  10. ¿Qué es un déficit lingüístico?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montserrat Veyrat Rigat

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} El punto de partida para nuestras reflexiones es la aportación del sistema lingüístico al ser humano: por una parte, la capacidad de convertir los datos analógicos y originarios que le llegan de su experiencia con la naturaleza en datos digitalizados y formalizados. Esto le permite anclarse en el mundo utilizando para ello un código lingüístico  determinado. Por otra parte, el lenguaje le confiere al mismo tiempo la capacidad para liberarse y ser creativo, como se patentiza en la creación poética, metafórica, Irónica . sin que ello suponga en ningun caso anomalía en su conducta, lingüística o de otro tipo. En el equilibrio de estas dos funciones que le atribuimos al lenguaje encontramos la "normalidad" del sistema cualquier desestabilización incontrolada en dicha nivelación funcional podría contemplarse como un déficit del lenguaje. También hemos considerado la estrecha relación entre los procesos de adquisición y aprendizaje y este aspecto funcional del lenguaje

  11. Fuel management study on quarter core refueling for Ling Ao NPP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Hong; Li Jinggang

    2012-01-01

    The fuel management study on quarter core refueling is introduced for Ling Ao NPP. Starting from the selection of the objective of fuel management for quarter core refueling, the code and method used and the analysis carried out are explained in details to reach the final loading pattern chosen. The start-up physics test results are listed to demonstrate the realized quarter core fuel management. In the end, the advantage and disadvantage after turning to quarter core refueling has been given for the power plant from the fuel management point of view. (authors)

  12. Problemática lingüístico-educativa de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalia Bondarenko Pisemskaya

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se examina la situación de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela y de sus respectivas lenguas; se presentan los antecedentes y los alcances del Régimen de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe y se analizan las implicaciones de las políticas lingüísticas del Estado venezolano en materia lingüístico-educativa. La investigación, de tipo documental, se realizó a través de una metodología cualitativa, a partir de análisis teóricos y de una entrevista focalizada semiestructurada. Se concluye que a pesar de los esfuerzos del Estado, son los propios indígenas los que deben hacerse responsables tanto de su destino como de sus lenguas, rigiéndose por el principio de la autodeterminación, sin tanta intervención por parte del Estado.

  13. The Species Identity of the Widely Cultivated Ganoderma, ‘G. lucidum’ (Ling-zhi), in China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xin-Cun; Xi, Rui-Jiao; Li, Yi; Wang, Dong-Mei; Yao, Yi-Jian

    2012-01-01

    Ling-zhi, a widely cultivated fungus in China, has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Although the name ‘Ganoderma lucidum’, a species originally described from England, has been applied to the fungus, their identities are not the same. This study aims to clarify the identity of this medicinally and economically important fungus. Specimens of Ling-zhi from China (field collections and cultivated basidiomata of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’), G. lucidum from UK and other related Ganoderma species, were examined both morphologically and molecularly. High variability of basidioma morphology was found in the cultivated specimens of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’, while some microscopic characters were more or less consistent, i.e. short clavate cutis elements, Bovista-type ligative hyphae and strongly echinulate basidiospores. These characters were also found in the holotype of G. sichuanense, a species originally described from Sichuan, China, and in recent collections made in the type locality of the species, which matched the diagnostic characters in the prologue. For comparison, specimens of closely related species, G. lucidum, G. multipileum, G. resinaceum, G. tropicum and G. weberianum, were also examined. DNA sequences were obtained from field collections, cultivated basidiomata and living strains of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’, specimens from the type locality of G. sichuanense, and specimens of the closely related species studied. Three-gene combined analyses (ITS+IGS+rpb2) were performed and the results indicated that the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’ shared almost identical sequences with G. sichuanense. Based on both morphological and molecular data, the identity of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’ (Ling-zhi) is considered conspecific with G. sichuanense. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided in addition to discussion of nomenclature implications. PMID:22911713

  14. Política, planificación y minorias lingüísticas en Europa: ¿qué porvenir para el próximo siglo?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soledad Pérez

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available En Europa, las relaciones internacionales han aumentado de manera tan notable desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial que los contactos entre los pueblos de lenguas diferentes se han multiplicado gracias a los medios de transporte y de comunicación. Europa se caracteriza por una gran diversidad lingüística, consecuencia de la evolución histórica de los países, de las migraciones de poblaciones, de los flujos de refugiados. de las políticas económicas, culturales, lingüísticas y educativas. Las fronteras de las lenguas no siempre coinciden con las fronteras políticas y administrativas de los Estados, lo que puede fomentar el desarrollo de los conflictos. Las minorías lingüísticas reivindican el derecho a la enseñanza en La lengua materna. Se han encontrado, sin embargo, varias soluciones a este problema, tales como la introducción de las lenguas regionales en el currículo y/o la educación bilingüe en las regiones lingüísticas. La pregunta clave de este artículo es: ¿qué educación bilingüe (lengua materna/lengua mayoritaria del país es posible en el próximo siglo?. 

  15. Aproximación al modelo lingüístico español: un apunte crítico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio López Castillo

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo no se trata tanto de un completo desarrollo del régimen constitucional de las lenguas españolas, como de una crítica formulación de algunas de las consecuencias más notorias—así, en particular, en relación con la evolución del régimen lingüístico en el sistema público educativo— de una confluencia de políticas y derechos lingüísticos, tanto más (inequívoca, cuanto más intenso es el proceso de inmersión en la respectiva lengua propia, como bien acredita, en el tracto que va del (derogado Estatuto de 1979 al (recurrido Estatuto de 2006, la política de progresiva afirmación de la centralidad de la lengua catalana en la escuela pública.

  16. Los indicadores lingüísticos: un factor para medir capital intelectual en las organizaciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Vergara Silva

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available Se plantean las formas de interactuar con el lenguaje en la organización. Los avances en la lingüística cognitiva permiten no solo relacionar la cognición y el lenguaje de la organización, sino además, analizar el discurso organizacional que han construido las personas sobre su empresa

  17. Nyt system til kontinuerlig måling af vejes bæreevne

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skar, Asmus; Andersen, Mathias Bækbo; Larsen, Jack

    2018-01-01

    Med det formål at øge både sikkerheden og effektiviteten, minimere trafikforstyrrelser, samt gøre bæreevnemålinger tilgængelige for alle typer af brugere har Dynatest i samarbejde med DTU udviklet et nyt system til kontinuerlig måling af vejes bæreevne. Projektet, under navnet ”Advanced and Widel...... Available Pavement Assessment Tools for Infrastructure Evaluation” (AWAPAVE), er finansieret med støtte fra Innovationsfonden og løber over perioden 2016-2018....

  18. Human Reliability analysis for digitized nuclear power plants: Case study on the LingAo II nuclear power plant

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zou, Yan Hua; Zhang, Li [Institute of Human Factors Engineering AND Safety Management, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang (China); Dai, Cao; Li, Peng Cheng; Qing, Tao [Human Factors Institute, University of South China, Hengyang (China)

    2017-03-15

    The main control room (MCR) in advanced nuclear power plants (NPPs) has changed from analog to digital control system (DCS). Operation and control have become more automated, centralized, and accurate due to the digitalization of NPPs, which has improved the efficiency and security of the system. New issues associated with human reliability inevitably arise due to the adoption of new accident procedures and digitalization of main control rooms in NPPs. The LingAo II NPP is the first digital NPP in China to apply the state-oriented procedure. In order to address issues related to human reliability analysis for DCS and DCS + state-oriented procedure, the Hunan Institute of Technology conducted a research project based on a cooperative agreement with the LingDong Nuclear Power Co. Ltd. This paper is a brief introduction to the project.

  19. Human Reliability Analysis for Digitized Nuclear Power Plants: Case Study on the LingAo II Nuclear Power Plant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanhua Zou

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The main control room (MCR in advanced nuclear power plants (NPPs has changed from analog to digital control system (DCS. Operation and control have become more automated, centralized, and accurate due to the digitalization of NPPs, which has improved the efficiency and security of the system. New issues associated with human reliability inevitably arise due to the adoption of new accident procedures and digitalization of main control rooms in NPPs. The LingAo II NPP is the first digital NPP in China to apply the state-oriented procedure. In order to address issues related to human reliability analysis for DCS and DCS + state-oriented procedure, the Hunan Institute of Technology conducted a research project based on a cooperative agreement with the LingDong Nuclear Power Co. Ltd. This paper is a brief introduction to the project.

  20. Una mirada hacia las actitudes lingüísticas en Puerto Rico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla M. Mojica De León

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de San Juan de Puerto Rico hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Se presentan los resultados que revelan las actitudes lingüísticas de los puertorriqueños hacia su español, las diversas creencias cognitivas y afectivas que las motivan y la percepción que muestran hacia el resto de las variedades del español. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que los puertorriqueños presentan una actitud positiva hacia su variedad y la variante peninsular, aunque rechazan algunos fenómenos lingüísticos de ambos dialectos. Se constata, además, que el habla de los grupos migratorios, representada en nuestro caso por la variedad dominicana, se percibe con menos prestigio. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from San Juan de Puerto Rico towards Spanish spoken in the country and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results of the study reveal the linguistic attitudes of Puerto Ricans toward their variety of Spanish, their cognitive and affective beliefs, and the perception they have of the other varieties of the Spanish language. Our findings confirm that Puerto Ricans have positive attitudes towards their own variety and the

  1. Population structure and genetic diversity of Sinibrama macrops from Ou River and Ling River based on mtDNA D-loop region analysis, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Liangjie; Chenoweth, Erica L; Liu, Qigen

    2018-03-01

    In order to understand the influence of human activities such as habitat fragmentation on freshwater fish population evolution, we investigated and compared the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Sinibrama macrops populations in the Oujiang River and Ling River. Mitochondrial control region sequences (D-loop region) of 131 specimens from six populations were obtained and analyzed. The diversity of main stream in the Ou River was lower than that in Ling River. Changtan population showed the lowest diversity (H = 0.646 ± 0.077; π = 0.00060 ± 0.00820). Pairwise F ST , gene flow (Nm), and genetic distance (Da) indicated that Longquan and Changtan significantly differentiate from other populations. Nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA) showed some clades and total cladogram experienced isolation by distance. In conclusion, the populations from severely fragmented Ou River have the lower diversity and more intense differentiation than that from the mainstream of Ling River, Changtan population present the lowest diversity and were isolated by the dam construction.

  2. Perfil pragmático de crianças surdas em diferentes fases lingüísticas Deaf children's pragmatic profile in different linguistic phases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ida Lichtig

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a interferência da fase lingüística no perfil comunicativo de crianças surdas. MÉTODOS: Trinta crianças surdas participaram deste estudo, sendo 15 crianças em fase pré-lingüística e 15 em fase lingüística (independente da modalidade comunicativa - língua oral ou língua de sinais, na faixa etária de 41 a 59 meses. Foram analisadas 30 gravações das habilidades comunicativas da criança, em situação de interação com a examinadora. Foi utilizado o Protocolo do Perfil Pragmático das Habilidades Iniciais da Comunicação para identificar quais as habilidades comunicativas ocorridas e qual a sua freqüência de ocorrência. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos apresentaram basicamente as mesmas habilidades comunicativas; entretanto, o grupo Lingüístico apresentou maior freqüência de ocorr��ncia, principalmente nas habilidades relativas a intenções comunicativas e respostas para comunicação. CONCLUSÕES: Há relação direta entre a complexidade lingüística (independente da modalidade e o perfil comunicativo da criança surda, ou seja, a criança em fase lingüística apresenta maior freqüência de ocorrência no uso das habilidades comunicativas mais complexas e elaboradas.PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to ascertain and to assess the interference of deaf children's linguistic level in their communicative abilities. METHODS:Thirty deaf children participated in this study, 15 in the pre-linguistic phase and 15 in the linguistic phase, independent of the communicative modality used - either oral or sign language. Their age ranged from 41 to 59 months. Thirty videotape recordings of the deaf children's communicative abilities assessment during their interaction with the examiner were analyzed. The Communicative Abilities Pragmatic Profile was used in order to identify the communicative abilities and their frequency of occurrence. RESULTS: Both groups basically presented the same

  3. Historia Funcional de Morfologías Lingüísticas y su Efecto en un Ajuste Convencional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nataly Yáñez Ramírez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se observó si diferentes historias funcionales construidas durante la adquisición de un conjunto de morfologías lingüísticas facilitaban un ajuste convencional. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en tres grupos, expuestos a entrenamientos construidos bajo la lógica de diferentes niveles de interacción: contextual, suplementario o selector (Ribes y López, 1985; y posteriormente se evaluó su ejecución en una tarea convencional. El entrenamiento cuyo criterio de ajuste era de tipo selector fue la que más facilitó tanto la adquisición de las morfologías lingüísticas como su uso en la tarea, efecto que pareció más evidente en los hablantes que en los escuchas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los entrenamientos contextual y suplementario. Los resultados se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas.

  4. Actitudes Lingüísticas en Guatemala. Creencias y actitudes lingüísticas respecto al español de los chapines capitalinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Luisa Acevedo

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de Guatemala, hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 402 personas, previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En el artículo se presentan las actitudes cognitivas y afectivas de los guatemaltecos hacia las variantes de la lengua española en el ámbito nacional y en el de los demás países hispanohablantes; asimismo se presentan las opiniones y preferencias de los entrevistados sobre el uso de la lengua de los medios de comunicación en el país y sobre la unidad y la corrección lingüísticas. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Guatemala City towards Spanish spoken in the country and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. The article is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 402 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This article presents Guatemalans' cognitive and affective attitudes towards different Spanish varieties in the country and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. Their opinions and preferences are also described regarding the use of language in the media, and about language unity and linguistic correctness.

  5. Herramientas para el análisis político del plano extra-lingüístico del discurso desde la perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau

    OpenAIRE

    Fair, Hernán

    2014-01-01

    La teoría del discurso de Ernesto Laclau ha relegado notablemente el análisis y la reflexividad acerca del componente extra-lingüístico del discurso, en desmedro de los factores lingüísticos. Sin embargo, existe una pluralidad de fragmentos de los textos laclonianos que destacan su importancia en los procesos políticos. El presente trabajo toma como base estas contribuciones para analizar esta dimensión central de los procesos de construcción de hegemonías. Integrando la perspectiva de Lac...

  6. ¿Quién necesita una lengua? Política y planificación lingüística en el departamento del Cauca

    OpenAIRE

    Geny Gonzales Castaño

    2012-01-01

    El propósito de este artículo es realizar una reflexión acerca de la forma en la cual las motivaciones políticas que trazan los límites y condiciones de la planificación lingüística hoy, se establecen en relación con las políticas de reconocimiento y administración de la diversidad cultural y lingüística por parte del estado colombiano. Para este fin me centraré en el caso del proceso de fortalecimiento de lengua nam trik o namuy wam, hablada en el departamento del Cauca.

  7. Experience feedback of operation events in Ling'ao phase Ⅱ nuclear power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiao Zhi; Tao Shusheng; Sun Guochen; Zhang Zengqing

    2012-01-01

    As a new operating nuclear power plant, Ling'ao Phase Ⅱ occurred 20 pieces of operational events in one year of first cycle. By analyzing the events in this paper, the causes of the events are mainly concentrated in three aspects: interface between commissioning and operating, DCS system and the management of human factors. Finally, author gives some suggestions on experience feedback, as a reference to other similar nuclear power plants. (authors)

  8. Psicogênese da língua escrita, universais lingüísticos e teorias de alfabetização

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Antonio Gomes Senna

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    O que há entre universais lingüísticos e a psicogênese da língua escrita? Neste artigo, levanto algumas questões polêmicas sobre um possível problema conceituai no uso da lingüística chomskyana numa teoria semiótica de alfabetização. Os universais de Chomsky - baseados no Dispositivo de Aquisição da Linguagem (LAD e numa mente modular - podem comprometer todo o projeto de abordagem psicogenética do desenvolvimento da língua escrita, uma vez que não existe nenhuma motivação filogenética, com base na qual se possa tratar da alfabetização de modo similar Tao empregado para explicar a aquisição da língua materna.

  9. [Models for biomass estimation of four shrub species planted in urban area of Xi'an city, Northwest China].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Zheng-Yang; Liu, Jian-Jun

    2014-01-01

    Four common greening shrub species (i. e. Ligustrum quihoui, Buxus bodinieri, Berberis xinganensis and Buxus megistophylla) in Xi'an City were selected to develop the highest correlation and best-fit estimation models for the organ (branch, leaf and root) and total biomass against different independent variables. The results indicated that the organ and total biomass optimal models of the four shrubs were power functional model (CAR model) except for the leaf biomass model of B. megistophylla which was logarithmic functional model (VAR model). The independent variables included basal diameter, crown diameter, crown diameter multiplied by height, canopy area and canopy volume. B. megistophylla significantly differed from the other three shrub species in the independent variable selection, which were basal diameter and crown-related factors, respectively.

  10. Quantitative study on spatio-temporal change of urban landscape pattern based on RS/GIS: a case of Xi'an metropolitan area in China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Meiwu; Zong, Yueguang; Ma, Qiang; Li, Jian

    2007-06-01

    The study on landscape pattern is an important field of urban land use and ecological change. Since 1990s, the widely accepted Patch-Corridor-Matrix model is generally used in qualitative description of landscape pattern. In recent years, quantitative evaluation on urban landscape dynamics is becoming hot in research. By making a critical review on existing research methods of landscape pattern, a new approach based on RS/GIS is put forward in this paper, comprising three steps, "General pattern characteristics - Gradient differentiation feature- Directional signature of the landscape", and we call it GGD. This method is applied to the case study of Xi'an metropolitan area in China. The result shows that the method is effective on quantitative study of urban landscape. The preparation of the method GGD is setting up research platform based on RS and GIS. By using the software of Geographical Information System (Arcgis9.0 & Erdas), the authors got the interpretation of remote sensing images of different years, and carried on the division of the landscape type of the research region. By calculating various index of landscape level with software Fragstats3.3 as an assistant tool and adopting three steps of GGD combined with landscape index, this paper can assesses the landscape spatial pattern of urban area: 1) General pattern characteristics analysis is to get transition probability of various landscape through Markov chain and to predict the landscape transformation by introducing CA model. The analysis emphasizes on total landscape structure and its change over time; 2) Gradient characteristic analysis, which makes gradient zone by taking city as a center outwardly with certain distance and contrastively analyzes the landscape index of each subarea, stresses the spatial character of landscape pattern, verifies urban morphology theories and provides the quantitative warranty for establishment of urban modality. Therefore, the analysis is useful for supervising urban

  11. La lingüística cognitiva y la lingüística aplicada a una ciencia para la comunicación transdisciplinar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flor Ángela Tobón Marulanda

    Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa hermenéutica sobre la lingüística cognitiva y la lingüística aplicada, relacionadas con otras ciencias en un contexto específico de la comunidad científica especializada. Desde una visión integral y holística de las ciencias biomédicas y humanas, asimismo, se estudian los lenguajes técnico-científicos de la ciencia y de la tecnología para facilitar la interrelación cognitiva entre las diferentes disciplinas. Este estudio permite crear capacidades para evaluar el acervo léxico en contexto, útil para la transmisión y la transformación del conocimiento en un lenguaje propio acorde a la exigencia del método científico. El objetivo consistió en indagar sobre la relación de la unidad léxica con su nexo cognitivo a una unidad terminológica de uso cotidiano en la información y en la comunicación académica de la práctica médico-legal forense. Los resultados establecen diferencia y precisan cierta comprensión de la significación de unidades léxicas ambiguas de mayor relevancia y frecuencia, utilizadas en este ámbito del conocimiento, en cuatro categorías de análisis; según las características propias de la disciplina en dialogo con otras ciencias en contexto. Se evidencia la importancia de educar durante el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje significativo de la disciplina en contexto, desde la metalingüística del objeto de estudio dimensionado y relacionado con otros objetos de estudio, que permita el proceso cognitivo del lenguaje técnico-científico transdisciplinar, la apropiación social y la circulación del conocimiento aplicado a las prácticas médico legales integrales en relación entre la Psicofarmacología, la Psiquiatría, la Antropología y la Psicología, con las ciencias biomédicas y humanas.

  12. Competencia lingüística del alumnado inmigrante en un contexto bilingüe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Navarro

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Es bien conocida la relevancia que en los últimos años está teniendo el fenómeno de la inmigración en Cataluña (España. En consecuencia, nuestras escuelas se han transformado en centros donde la pluralidad étnica, religiosa, cultural y lingüística es cada día más evidente. Pero, a diferencia de otros territorios del Estado español, una de las características fundamentales de nuestro Sistema Educativo es su organización bajo los parámetros de la educación bilingüe. De esta manera, además de un profundo dominio del catalán, lengua propia de Cataluña y lengua usada como vehicular y de aprendizaje en la enseñanza, se persigue un buen conocimiento de la lengua castellana. En este contexto, diferentes estudios llevados a cabo en países con larga tradición en la recepción de inmigrantes, así como los escasos trabajos desarrollados en Cataluña y en el Estado español, ponen en evidencia el papel clave del dominio de la lengua de la escuela tanto de cara a garantizar el éxito escolar como para la integración y la cohesión social.Con este marco de fondo, nos situamos en el caso del Instituto de Educación Secundaria (IES de Guissona, en la comarca de la Segarra (Cataluña, donde por circunstancias diversas el fenómeno migratorio ha sido muy importante a lo largo de la última década. El objetivo de nuestra investigación es el análisis de las competencias lingüísticas del alumnado de dicho centro, tomando como referencia el nivel de competencia lingüística de sus iguales autóctonos. En concreto, a partir de una muestra de 28 niños y niñas inmigrantes que fueron comparados con un grupo de 93 escolares autóctonos de su misma edad y nivel escolar, nuestro trabajo analiza el desarrollo de diferentes habilidades en lengua catalana y castellana.

  13. El ciberlenguaje como variedad lingüística Cyberlanguage like linguistic variety

    OpenAIRE

    Betancourt Arango Amanda

    2010-01-01

    La presentación del ciberlenguaje como una de las variantes de la lengua incluye una discusión sobre su carácter como forma intermedia entre la oralidad y la escritura y las fuerzas responsables de los cambios lingüísticos. Por una parte, la vertiente popular que ha dado origen a la evolución constante de la lengua y, por otra, la culta que se esfuerza por recuperar la forma etimológica. Aquí se destaca el uso innovador del ciberlenguaje que deja de lado el aspecto normativo de la gramática y...

  14. La lingüística en el contexto de la inteligencia artificial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morales Ascencio Bernardo

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available

    En el presente artículo se reseñan algunos conceptos fundamentales sobre Inteligencia Artificial que sirven de base para reconocer la identidad y las proyecciones de la lingüística en el área de la informática, en consonancia con las exigencias de la tecnología moderna. Se destacan la posibilidad e importancia del procesamiento automático del lenguaje natural y el sentido que para ello tienen los conocimientos pragmáticos, Por último, se reseñan algunas ideas sobre las llamadas industrias de la lengua.

  15. Variação lingüística e alfabetização: um estudo com crianças da primeira série do ensino fundamental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sylvia Domingos Barrera

    Full Text Available A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a influência da variação lingüística sobre a aquisição da linguagem escrita. Participaram da pesquisa 65 alunos de três classes da primeira série de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental. O material utilizado para avaliar o nível de variação lingüística das crianças foi aplicado no início do ano escolar. As provas utilizadas para avaliar os níveis de leitura e escrita foram aplicadas no início e final do ano letivo. A análise estatística mostrou correlação negativa significativa entre os níveis iniciais de variação lingüística e o desempenho final das crianças em leitura, sugerindo que a utilização de linguagem não-padrão pelos alunos pode dificultar o processo de alfabetização, sobretudo quando não trabalhada adequadamente pelas professoras. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a importância de uma efetiva difusão dos conhecimentos lingüísticos e sociolingüísticos, através dos cursos de formação de professores alfabetizadores.

  16. Habilidades lingüísticas sobre nomenclatura microbiana en profesionales de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Arpajón Peña, Yunier; Rodríguez Uramis, Mónica; Sosa Pérez, Ana Ludys

    2014-01-01

    Introducción: en los programas de estudios donde se aplican la Microbiología o Parasitología Médica aparece en todos los casos como objetivo nombrar a los microorganismos. Objetivo: analizar el estado de las habilidades lingüísticas sobre taxonomía microbiana en profesionales de la salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo donde fueron revisados 270 trabajos científicos escritos, relacionados con estas dos especialidades médicas y se efectuaron 250 entrevistas a profesionales de las d...

  17. Mantenimiento o sustitución de rasgos lingüísticos indexados socialmente: migrantes de zonas andinas en Lima

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carola Mick

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEste artículo investiga la relación entre la formación de “mundos de vida comunicativos individuales” y la construcción de la identidad en migrantes peruanas procedentes de la zona de los Andes en Lima. A partir del análisis lingüístico y discursivo de un corpus de entrevistas semidirigidas con veintidós mujeres migrantes mostramos cómo las ideologías lingüísticas, las que menosprecian rasgos dialectales considerados como típicos de migrantes andinos y las que prestigian los “rasgos limeños”, condicionan el comportamiento lingüístico de las migrantes y se transforman en herramientas útiles para el posicionamiento discursivo individual de las informantes frente a estos estereotipos.AbstractThis article enquires the relationship between the formation of “individual communicative lifeworlds” and the construction of identity in 22 semidirective interviews with Peruvian migrant domestic workers in Lima originating from the Andean regions. With the help of a combined linguistic and discursive analysis we demonstrate the way in which language ideologies condition and enable the formation of individual communicative lifeworlds of the speakers. The stigmatization of linguistic characteristics that are considered as typical of “Andean” speakers and the high esteem of linguistic forms considered as typical for people originating in Lima favour linguistic accommodation, but in order to explain all the variation in the corpus we need to take into consideration the individual linguistic and discursive positioning of each speaker.

  18. 俳倡优伶辨略%Relationship and differences among Pai, Chang, You and Ling

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    黎国韬

    2011-01-01

    According to literature, Ling and You came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period, while Pai and Chang appeared in the Warring States Period. As to the performance function, Chang was in charge of singing and Ling making musical instrument and music rule. Both Pai and Chang were in charge of dance, but their duties had slight differences. The emergence of the four types of musicians was due to the social background of great revolution of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.%据文献记载,伶和优大致产生于春秋时代,俳和倡大致产生于战国时代,其出现有先后之别。从表演功能方面看,他们最初也颇有不同,倡主要是司唱,伶主要是司造乐器及掌管乐律,俳与倡虽同样司舞,但亦有细微的区别。此四者的出现,还与春秋战国时期大变革的社会背景有一定关系。

  19. Extracción de contextos definitorios en textos de especialidad a partir del reconocimiento de patrones lingüísticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Sierra

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available La extracción automática de definiciones a partir de textos de especialidad es una tarea cada vez más demandante para diferentes aplicaciones del Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural, tales como lexicografía computacional, extracción de información, semántica computacional, sistemas pregunta-respuesta, minería de textos, Web semántica y aprendizaje automático. Este artículo presenta un panorama de los trabajos realizados en el Grupo de Ingeniería Lingüística en el tema, desde los aspectos teóricos, la revisión del estado del arte, los estudios lingüísticos sobre definiciones y contextos definitorios, la metodología para la extracción automática y hasta diversas aplicaciones. 

  20. La historia lingüística andina : una visión de consenso en transformación.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Adelaar, W.F.H.; Malvestitti, M.; Dreidemie, P.

    2014-01-01

    La investigación histórica y lingüística de las lenguas andinas ha sido el objeto de un consenso relativamente general durante varias décadas. La presente contribución se propone dar un inventario de unas propuestas recientes de carácter radical, que ponen en cuestión los fundamentos de aquel

  1. A liderança como intersubjetividade lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Uribe Rivera

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo traz uma síntese de várias concepções de liderança e seu objetivo é destacar a importância crescente da visão do líder como instância da aprendizagem organizacional, de base coletiva, e coordenador de processos de comunicação lingüística cujo telos é o consenso sobre a imagem, a estrutura e a dinâmica de funcionamento das organizações. Sustentamos que, além de capacidades de análise estratégica, o líder deve desenvolver competências comunicativas e apoiar a mudança para gerir com mais eficácia as relações intersubjetivas dos atores organizacionais, tornando a organização competente.

  2. Selección y evaluación de fuentes de información para la elaboración de un corpus lingüístico

    OpenAIRE

    Valls Rodríguez, Núria

    2016-01-01

    El presente trabajo pretende analizar y seleccionar diversas fuentes bibliográficas que sirvan de ayuda para hacer un corpus lingüístico, concretamente en el ámbito de la cocina y la gastronomía. Para ello, se presenta una primera parte introductoria sobre la teoría de los corpus lingüísticos y sus elementos más destacados como por ejemplo su definición, su historia y sus particularidades más relevantes. En los siguientes capítulos, se desarrolla el análisis y selección de fuentes bibliográfi...

  3. Sobre la letra rayada. en torno a la articulación de los códigos somáticos y lingüísticos

    OpenAIRE

    BURlTICÁ, FABIO

    2010-01-01

    Se pretende considerar elproceso de inscripción en el cuerpo, de las huellas de su relación con otros cuerpos, las cuales corifigurarian un código somático primario que -en un proceso de subjetivación normal-se articularia con el código lingüístico. Si el código somático tiene comofunción la expresión del sentido, sobre el lingüístico recae lafunción de expresión de la significación. De esta manera, la palabra se plantea como el sepulcro del sentido y cuna del significado. A...

  4. ¿Homo loquens neanderthalensis? En torno a las capacidades simbólicas y lingüísticas del Neandertal.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Balari, Sergio

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El reciente análisis de ADN fósil de dos Neandertales procedentes de la Cueva El Sidrón (Asturias ha revelado que los Neandertales poseían las mutaciones del gen FOXP2 consideradas especificas de los humanos modernos. Dado que FOXP2 está implicado en el desarollo y uso del lenguaje, tal hallazgo está provocando una revisión de las capacidades simbólicas y comunicativas atribuidas hasta ahora a la referida especie. El objetivo de este trabajo es triple: (1 aclaramos que dichas mutaciones no pueden considerarse causa suficiente para atribuir a un organismo una facultad lingüística compleja; (2 el hallazgo no puede, por tanto, usarse para defender que los Neandertales tenían una facultad lingüistíca de tipo moderno; (3 defendemos que la asimetría comportamental entre Neandertales y humanos modernos que muestra el registro arqueológico tampoco es compatible con tal visión.

  5. Correlation Investigation as to the Mental Health of the Prison Guard in Xi'an Police Station

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Feng Xue

    2005-01-01

    Based on the symptom check list 90,EPQ scale and the simplified coping style questionaire,the author made a relative study on psychological health,personality character and coping style of 267 prison guard of police bureau in Xi'an city .The study shows this:   ①The mental health,personality character and coping style could be effected by many factors,such as gender,age,educational background,income,origin,satisfactory degree of working enviroment and some others.The mental health,personality character and coping style could effect each other.②The psychological health state of 267 prison guard is much worse than that of domestic common people.③The personality character of 267 prison guard shows much higher hostility and lower nervous than that of domestic common people.④The coping style of 267 prison guard often take positive coping styles.⑤Psychological health,personality character and coping style of prison guard are closely related.

  6. Nuevos modos de interacción educativa: análisis lingüístico de un foro virtual Novos modos de interação educativa: análise lingüística de um foro virtual New Modes of Educational Interaction: Linguistic Analysis of a Virtual Forum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexánder Arbey Sánchez-Upegui

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available El artículo, resultado de investigación, propone estrategias para lograr una adecuada interacción educativa entre estudiantes y docentes, a partir del análisis de un foro virtual universitario. El foro es una comunicación grupal, dialógica, temática, asincrónica y argumentativa, orientada a generar un proceso de construcción de conocimiento. El marco conceptual y metodológico de la investigación se centró en elementos del discurso especializado de carácter educativo, como: el análisis lingüístico de la interacción mediatizada por computador, la ciberpragmática, la teoría de la cortesía, la argumentación y el principio cooperativo de la comunicación. Como conclusión general, puede decirse que la formación de estudiantes y docentes en estrategias de argumentación, corrección lingüística e interacción, desde una perspectiva lingüístico-textual y ciberpragmática, es imprescindible para el desarrollo de competencias colaborativas, comunicativas y científicas en la educación superior virtual.Este artigo, resultado de pesquisa, oferece algumas estratégias para conseguir uma adequada interação educativa entre estudantes e docentes, partindo da análise de um foro virtual universitário. O foro é uma comunicação grupal, dialógica, temática, assíncrona e argumentativa, dirigida a produzir um processo de construção de conhecimento. O marco teórico e metodológico da pesquisa se fundamentou em elementos especializados do discurso educativo, como a análise lingüística da interação assistida por ordenador, a ciberpragmática, a teoria da cortesia, a argumentação e o princípio cooperativo da comunicação. Como conclusão, se afirma que a formação de estudantes e docentes em estratégias de argumentação, correção lingüística e interação, desde uma perspectiva lingüístico-textual e ciberpragmática, é indispensável para o desenvolvimento das competências colaborativas, comunicativas e cient

  7. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not prediabetes, in Xi'an, China: a five-year cohort study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ming, Jie; Xu, Shaoyong; Gao, Bin; Liu, Guocai; Ji, Yufei; Yang, Fan; Jia, Yunan; Fang, Yujie; Ji, Qiuhe

    2015-11-01

    Emerging studies have focused the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but the results were inconsistent. In addition, few studies have put focus on the association between NAFLD and the risk of prediabetes. We aimed to investigate whether NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography could predict the risk of future T2DM and prediabetes in Chinese population. The population-based cohort study held in Xi'an, Northwestern China, was based on China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey. During a follow-up of 5 years, 508 healthy subjects were included as study sample. NAFLD was determined by abdominal ultrasonography. T2DM and prediabetes were diagnosed based on oral glucose tolerance test. Of 508 subjects, 97 (19.1%) were diagnosed as NAFLD and 411 (80.9%) were as non-NAFLD; 20 (3.9%) developed diabetes and 85 (16.7%) developed prediabetes during follow-up. The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes in the NAFLD group was 20.6 and 51.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively, whereas that in non-NAFLD group was 4.9 and 29.2 per 1000 person-years respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) of T2DM and prediabetes in the NAFLD group was 4.462 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.855-10.734, P liver disease was a significant predictor for future diabetes, but not for prediabetes, in Xi'an, China. More cohort studies are needed to confirm our findings. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  8. Lingüística y formación profesional: el caso de la Licenciatura en Educación Indígena de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional-Ajusco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucina García García

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente texto es una reflexión a partir de mi experiencia como profesora de la Licenciatura en Educación indígena de la UPN-Ajusco. A lo largo del documento hago consideraciones sobre la pertinencia de incluir contenidos lingüísticos en la formación de profesionales en el campo de la educación Intercultural Bilingüe y enfatizo la perspectiva desde la cual deben trabajarse dichos contenidos. Desde esta óptica, afirmo que es desde la lingüística aplicada que se debe considerar el trabajo con los elementos lingüísticos y que, dicha perspectiva, debemanejarse como metodología, retomando su dimensión social, perspectiva considerada en el Plan Curricular de la Licenciatura en Educación Indígena que se imparte en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional.

  9. La experiencia visual de los sordos. Consideraciones políticas, lingüísticas y epistemológicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Peluso

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este trabajo pretende deconstruir la concepción, largamente extendida del carácter visual de los sordos. Esta concepción supone, en general, una banalización de las relaciones que los sordos establecen con el mundo circundante y se nutre de una perspectiva discapacitológica de la sordera. En el caso de la educación, esta banalización llevaría a la idea de que el carácter visual de los sordos puede y debe ser construido pedagógicamente. Nosotros mostraremos que la relación de los sordos con lo visual cobra particular sentido cuando pensamos que la lengua del grupo discurre por el canal visual y que eso confiere particularidades a su experiencia lingüística y discursiva. Los sordos organizan el mundo lingüístico y enunciativo en el plano visual y, desde esa perspectiva, se puede considerar que el carácter visual de los sordos no les es externo, sino constitutivo de su subjetividad y de la forma en que organizan la realidad.

  10. Competencias lingüísticas de docentes de párvulos. Un análisis del discurso conversacional de profesionales de la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Ruperta Pérez Lisboa

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Recibido 02 de junio de 2013 • Corregido 27 de setiembre de 2013 • Aceptado 01 de octubre de 2013 Las competencias lingüísticas de docentes de párvulos son un referente continuo en el desarrollo del lenguaje de niñas y niños. Esto, porque son un modelo, debido a que utilizan constantemente la comunicación oral para trabajar, jugar o dar instrucciones. En relación con esta premisa, esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar las competencias lingüísticas de un grupo de educadoras de párvulos del nivel transición menor.  Con base en la observación de docentes que trabajan en la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles –de la zona poniente de la provincia de Santiago–, se realizó un estudio relativo al discurso conversacional de las profesionales. Se plantea que la posesión de mayores competencias lingüísticas, por parte de educadores, favorece el desarrollo del lenguaje oral de los párvulos.

  11. An abundance estimate of ling ( Molva molva ) and cod ( Gadus morhua ) in the Skagerrak and the northeastern North Sea, 1872

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Poulsen, R.T.; Cooper, A.B.; Holm, P.

    2007-01-01

    that long-term, historical abundance estimates are relevant to the determination of biomass reference points in fisheries management. Situated within the field of historical ecology, this paper presents findings on the abundance of ling and cod in 1872. Calculations are based on historical CPUE and catch...

  12. Modelo didáctico de la comprensión de textos escritos desde una perspectiva lingüistico-pedagógica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Odalis Lorié Gonz.ález

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Se aborda un modelo didáctico de la comprensión de textos escritos desde una perspectiva lingüfstico-pedagógica. Se concibe a\tpartir de la preparación de los estudiantes de primer año inicial de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Primaria, favoreciendo el desarrollo de modos de actuación profesional. Se destacanlas relaciones dialécticas que se establecen entre: la dimensión desciframiento de significados. la dimensión de orientación y la dimensión de intervención metodológica, cuyo referente teórico es el Enfoque Histórico - Culturalde Vigotsky y sus seguidores, con énfasis en la Zona de Desarrollo Próximo, y el Enfoque Cognitivo Comunicativo y Sociocultura,l de Angeilna Roméu Escobar que se fundamenta en la Lingüistica Textual.

  13. Discriminación lingüística y contracultura escolar indígena en la Ciudad de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Hernández-Rosete

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La discriminación lingüística escolar es una forma de racismo cuya resistencia está poco documentada. En este artículo analizamos las creencias que favorecen la discriminación escolar de indígenas migrantes bilingües y describimos algunas de las respuestas que además existen como mecanismos de contracultura escolar. Realizamos una investigación fenomenológica de tipo constructivista social, cuyo trabajo de campo se realizó en dos escuelas del barrio de La Merced ubicado en la Ciudad de México. Encontramos que la pobreza, la condición migrante y el trabajo infantil persisten como estigmas en la vida escolar. Sin embargo la dificultad para hablar español es quizá la causa de violencia escolar más severa porque se naturaliza a través de apodos y burlas, pero paradójicamente genera un modelo de bilingüismo contracultural que fortalece las identidades lingüísticas de forma lúdica.

  14. Competencias lingüísticas y alumnado inmigrante en Cataluña. El caso del colectivo de origen hispanohablante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Navarro

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad se constata una presencia elevada de alumnado de origen extranjero en los centros educativos del Estado español en general y en Cataluña en particular. En este contexto, el desarrollo de niveles de competencia lingüística suficientes para poder seguir la escolaridad sea uno de los elementos que genera una mayor preocupación en la escuela. En el caso de Cataluña, tiene especial relevancia al tratarse de un sistema educativo organizado bajo los parámetros de la educación bilingüe. Con este marco de fondo, se analiza la competencia lingüística en catalán y castellano de 262 alumnos inmigrantes, atendiendo específicamente al hecho de ≪ser o no ser hispanohablante≫. Los resultados fueron comparados con 341 alumnos autóctonos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los datos resultantes de testar dicha competencia, contrastada con los obtenidos por sus iguales autóctonos, muestran diferencias a favor de estos últimos realmente importantes.

  15. Breve recorrido histórico-lingüístico en la Sicilia de la Guerra de las Vísperas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salvatore Bartolotta

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde el punto de vista de la historia lingüistica, 1282 representa un cambio significativo en la vida siciliana. Además de una dirección política diferente, y por lo tanto lingüistica (hacia la Península Ibérica más que hacia Francia, que la isla empezó a experimentar y que probablemente permanecería durante algunos siglos, la consecuencia más significativa de las Vísperas, por lo que nos interesa, fue la ruptura de relaciones con la parte meridional de la península.From the point of view of linguistic history, 1282 represents a significant change in Sicilian life. Apart form a different political direction, and therefore linguistic (towards the Iberian Península more than towards Franco, that the island started to experiment and that would probably remain for a few centuries, the most significant consequence of the Vespers, as far as we are concerned, was the break-up of relations with the southern part of the península.

  16. El juego lingüístico: una herramienta pedagógica en las clases de idiomas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ildefonso Gustavo Díaz Sandoval

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Linguistic games constitute instruments and techniques that used in the learning of the language, they make this a much more motivational, active and interesting process. They are pedagogic activities that should be kept in mind in the designing of the curriculum and, therefore, to be part of our daily activities in the classroom, because they are instruments of language learning. They also help the professor to be closer to the students in a pleasant way and this contributes to facilitate the teaching-learning process.The present work consists on the compilation of a total of 40 linguistic games as useful pedagogic tools for the classes of foreign language. The author of the compilation dedicates a chapter where the importance of these games for English classes is approached. Also, he offers suggestions and recommendations from the linguistic, psicopedagogic and methodological and educational point of view to reach satisfactory results when the games are applied.Los juegos lingüísticos constituyen instrumentos y técnicas que utilizados en el aprendizaje del idioma, hacen de éste un proceso más motivante, activo e interesante. Son actividades pedagógicas que deben ser tenidos en cuenta en el diseño del currículo y, por tanto, formar parte de nuestras actividades cotidianas en el aula, porque son instrumentos de aprendizaje del idioma. También ayudan al profesor a estar más cerca de los estudiantes de una forma agradable contribuyendo a facilitar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El presente trabajo consiste en la compilación de un total de 40 juegos lingüísticos como herramientas pedagógicas útiles para las clases de idioma extranjero. El autor de la compilación dedica un capítulo donde se aborda detalladamente la importancia  que tienen los juegos para las clases de inglés, así como  brinda sugerencias y recomendaciones  desde el punto de vista lingüístico, psicopedagógico-metodológico y educativo para alcanzar

  17. Metal contamination in campus dust of Xi'an, China: A study based on multivariate statistics and spatial distribution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Hao; Lu, Xinwei; Li, Loretta Y.; Gao, Tianning; Chang, Yuyu

    2014-01-01

    The concentrations of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in campus dust from kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools and universities of Xi'an, China were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to analyze the data and to identify possible sources of these metals in the dust. The spatial distributions of metals in urban dust of Xi'an were analyzed based on the metal concentrations in campus dusts using the geostatistics method. The results indicate that dust samples from campuses have elevated metal concentrations, especially for Pb, Zn, Co, Cu, Cr and Ba, with the mean values of 7.1, 5.6, 3.7, 2.9, 2.5 and 1.9 times the background values for Shaanxi soil, respectively. The enrichment factor results indicate that Mn, Ni, V, As and Ba in the campus dust were deficiently to minimally enriched, mainly affected by nature and partly by anthropogenic sources, while Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the campus dust and especially Pb and Zn were mostly affected by human activities. As and Cu, Mn and Ni, Ba and V, and Pb and Zn had similar distribution patterns. The southwest high-tech industrial area and south commercial and residential areas have relatively high levels of most metals. Three main sources were identified based on correlation coefficient analysis, PCA, CA, as well as spatial distribution characteristics. As, Ni, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cr have mixed sources — nature, traffic, as well as fossil fuel combustion and weathering of materials. Ba and V are mainly derived from nature, but partly also from industrial emissions, as well as construction sources, while Co principally originates from construction. - Highlights: • Metal content in dust from schools was determined by XRF. • Spatial distribution of metals in urban dust was focused on campus samples. • Multivariate statistic and spatial distribution were used to identify metal sources.

  18. Clasificación automática del registro lingüístico en textos del español: un análisis contrastivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Roberto Rodríguez

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Las aplicaciones colaborativas como los Sistemas de Recomendación se pueden beneficiar de la clasificación de textos en registros lingüísticos. En primer lugar, el registro lingüístico proporciona información sobre el perfil de los usuarios y sobre el contexto de la recomendación. En segundo lugar, considerar las características de cada tipo de texto puede ayudar a mejorar los métodos actuales de procesamiento de lenguaje natural. En este trabajo contrastamos dos enfoques, uno morfosintáctico y el otro léxico, para categorizar textos por registro en español. Para su evaluación aplicamos 38 algoritmos de aprendizaje automático con los que obtuvimos niveles de precisión superiores al 89%.

  19. Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. J. Cao

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Continuous measurements of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC were taken during the high-pollution fall and winter seasons at Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China from September 2003 through February 2004. Battery-powered mini-volume samplers collected PM2.5 samples daily and PM10 samples every third day. Samples were also obtained from the plumes of residential coal combustion, motor-vehicle exhaust, and biomass burning sources. These samples were analyzed for OC/EC by thermal/optical reflectance (TOR following the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE protocol. OC and EC levels at Xi'an are higher than most urban cities in Asia. Average PM2.5 OC concentrations in fall and winter were 34.1±18.0 μg m−3 and 61.9±;33.2 μg m−3, respectively; while EC concentrations were 11.3±6.9 μg m−3 and 12.3±5.3 μg m−3, respectively. Most of the OC and EC were in the PM2.5 fraction. OC was strongly correlated (R>0.95 with EC in the autumn and moderately correlated (R=0.81 with EC during winter. Carbonaceous aerosol (OC×1.6+EC accounted for 48.8%±10.1% of the PM2.5 mass during fall and 45.9±7.5% during winter. The average OC/EC ratio was 3.3 in fall and 5.1 in winter, with individual OC/EC ratios nearly always exceeding 2.0. The higher wintertime OC/EC corresponded to increased residential coal combustion for heating. Total carbon (TC was associated with source contributions using absolute principal component analysis (APCA with eight thermally-derived carbon fractions. During fall, 73% of TC was attributed to gasoline engine exhaust, 23% to diesel exhaust, and 4% to biomass burning. During winter, 44% of TC was attributed to gasoline engine exhaust, 44% to coal burning, 9% to biomass burning, and 3% to diesel engine exhaust.

  20. El debate Santos – Zuluaga, el uso de formas y secuencias recurrentes como mecanismos lingüístico-discursivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bayter Henry Hernández

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Nos proponemos analizar los mecanismos lingüístico-discursivos movilizados por los dos candidatos a las últimas elecciones colombianas de 2014. Nuestro objetivo es poner de manifiesto las diferentes estructuras discursivas utilizadas por los dos candidatos durante el debate entre la primera y la segunda vuelta del 9 de junio de 2014.

  1. Planificació lingüística i ensenyament a Andalusia: la dimensió intercultural dins del Pla de Foment del Plurilingüisme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arantza Galiardo López

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El Pla de Foment del Plurilingüisme a Andalusia va veure la llum el 2005 en una regió monolingüe, on no hi ha conflicte lingüístic, i ho va fer amb la pretensió d'impulsar –segons les seves pròpies paraules- «una Política Lingüística per a la societat andalusa» (PFP, 2005:1, i contribuir al desenvolupament de la competència plurilingüe i intercultural de la ciutadania andalusa mitjançant la implantació en el sistema educatiu públic de la metodologia d'Aprenentatge integrat de continguts i llengua estrangera i el currículum integrat. Malgrat ser una comunitat monolingüe, la nova societat andalusa està formada de fet per persones d'origen ètnic variat –fruit dels naturals processos migratoris– que aporten les seves llengües d'origen a un mapa lingüístic ara més ric. Aprofitant la presència d'alumnat al·lòfon i la creixent mundialització de la comunicació, el Pla aspirava a la inclusió d'aquestes altres llengües. Ens preguntarem en aquest estudi de quina forma es pretenia assolir una mesura objectiva i analitzarem de forma crítica la normativa en el seu desenvolupament en aquests deu anys després de la seva posada en funcionament.

  2. School environment factors were associated with BMI among adolescents in Xi'an City, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dibley Michael J

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background School environment influences students' behaviours. The purpose of this research was to identify school environment factors associated with BMI. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1792 school-aged adolescents from 30 schools in six districts in Xi'an City in 2004. Height and weight were taken from students by trained field staff. School environment characteristics such as physical factors (school facilities, school shops and fast food outlets in school area, school curricula and policies were collected from school doctors using school environment questionnaire. School environment factors were identified in linear mixed effect models with BMI as outcome and adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Results After adjusted for socio-demographic factors, BMI was associated with the availability of soft drinks at school shops, the availability and the number of western food outlet in the school vicinity. School curricula such as sports-meeting and health education session were also associated with BMI. Conclusions Urgent actions are needed to address the obesogenic elements of school environments. Community and school policy makers should make efforts for students to avoid exposure to fast food outlet in school area and soft drinks at school shops, and to improve school curricula to promote healthy behaviours.

  3. Correction of sub-pixel topographical effects on land surface albedo retrieved from geostationary satellite (FengYun-2D) observations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roupioz, L; Nerry, F; Jia, L; Menenti, M

    2014-01-01

    The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is characterised by a very strong relief which affects albedo retrieval from satellite data. The objective of this study is to highlight the effects of sub-pixel topography and to account for those effects when retrieving land surface albedo from geostationary satellite FengYun-2D (FY-2D) data with 1.25km spatial resolution using the high spatial resolution (30 m) data of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ASTER. The methodology integrates the effects of sub-pixel topography on the estimation of the total irradiance received at the surface, allowing the computation of the topographically corrected surface reflectance. Furthermore, surface albedo is estimated by applying the parametric BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) model called RPV (Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete) to the terrain corrected surface reflectance. The results, evaluated against ground measurements collected over several experimental sites on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, document the advantage of integrating the sub-pixel topography effects in the land surface reflectance at 1km resolution to estimate the land surface albedo. The results obtained after using sub-pixel topographic correction are compared with the ones obtained after using pixel level topographic correction. The preliminary results imply that, in highly rugged terrain, the sub-pixel topography correction method gives more accurate results. The pixel level correction tends to overestimate surface albedo

  4. Configuraciones retórico-lingüísticas del resumen en artículos científicos de economía: Contrastes en el interior de la disciplina

    OpenAIRE

    Stagnaro, Daniela

    2015-01-01

    En las últimas décadas, la lingüística especializada ha contribuido al conocimiento del discurso académico-científico, especialmente, de las características lingüístico- retóricas de géneros centrales de la comunicación científica. Entre ellos, el artículo científico y su resumen han recibido amplia atención por su centralidad en el proceso de investigación. Sin embargo, la bibliografía tiende a tratar el discurso de cada disciplina de manera homogénea sin considerar las ramas o los posiciona...

  5. Fiscal 1998 overseas geological structure survey. Japan-China joint coal survey Mei-Xian project; 1998 nendo kaigai chishitsu kozo nado chosa hokokusho. Nippon Chugoku sekitan kyodo tansa Mei-Xian project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-03-01

    Japan-China joint coal survey was made through seismic prospecting by Japanese group and drilling prospecting by Chinese group. Mei-Xian mine property includes coal seams of the Jurassic period, and is covered with the quaternary period stratum without any coal seam. The base of the quaternary period stratum exists at depth of 50-400m, while the coal seams at depth of 300-700m. Among 11 existing seams, the 1st and 5th seams are main objects for prospecting. The 5th seam of 0.2-8.96m (2.95m in average) thick is the most expected important one, distributing all over the mine property. The 5th seam also has branch seams spreading over 2.5km from east to west and 1.2km from south to north in the center part of the mine property. The 1st seam of 0-8.62m (2.90m in average) thick is most thick in the south part of the mine property. The theoretical amount of coal deposits in the whole coal seam is estimated to be nearly 290,000,000t by Chinese group (nearly 50% of it in the 5th seam). That is also estimated to be nearly 346,000,000t by Japanese group (155,000,000t in the 5th seam). Both 1st and 5th seams are composed of sub-bituminous coal. (NEDO)

  6. Las lenguas inmigrantes en el IES Eclipse: un análisis desde la política lingüística de la Comunidad de Madrid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel Solís Casco

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available La política lingüística educativa europea se caracteriza por el progresivo fomento del multilingüismo entre sus ciudadanos y el reconocimiento de la riqueza cultural de las lenguas asentadas en Europa. Sin embargo, no todas las lenguas han obtenido el mismo grado de promoción ni de reconocimiento en los sistemas educativos europeos. En el caso de las lenguas inmigrantes su estatus y grado de visibilidad apenas ha variado desde que en los setenta se publicaron las primeras normas para su regulación. A través de un estudio de caso, que forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la política lingüística educativa llevada a cabo en la Comunidad de Madrid, se estudia la visibilidad de las lenguas inmigrantes en un centro educativo de Secundaria y la ideología lingüística respecto a estas lenguas. Siguiendo el método etnográfico, a partir del estudio de documentos oficiales del centro y del paisaje lingüístico del instituto, se llega a la conclusión de que en el contexto educativo prevalece una ideología lingüística de invisibilización de las lenguas inmigrantes, a pesar de la normativa y de los estudios que han demostrado los beneficios de valorar las lenguas inmigrantes en la escuela. European educational language policy has moved from monolingualism to the promotion of multilingualism among Europeans and to the acknowledgement of the cultural richness of the languages found in Europe. Nevertheless, not all the languages have achieved the same degree of support or acknowledgement in European educational systems. For example, neither the status of languages spoken by immigrants nor their and their presence in classrooms has increased since the first laws governing their use in educational establishments were passed in the late seventies. In this article, through a case study forming part of a larger study regarding educational language-policy undertaken in the Madrid region, the presence of immigrant mother-tongues at a

  7. [Effect of air pollution on pregnancy outcome of women at reproductive age in Xi'an, 2010-2013].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, L L; Bai, R H; Zhang, Q; Yan, H

    2016-11-10

    Objective: To compare the differences in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in different area, and confirm if the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is closely associated with air pollution. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the central urban area and the rural-urban area of Xi'an through a questionnaire survey conducted among the local reproductive women selected through multistage stratified random sampling during 2010-2013, all the reproductive women surveyed were in pregnancy or had definite pregnancy outcomes. Results: The annual average of SO 2 concentration in the central urban area was 38-54 μg/m 3 , higher than that in the rural-urban area (29-43 μg/m 3 ). The annual average NO 2 concentration in the central urban area was 29-87 μg/m 3 , higher than that in the rural-urban area (22-42 μg/m 3 ). The incidence of birth defects was higher in the central urban area than in the rural-urban area (2.1% vs. 1.0%), the difference was significant ( P air pollution.

  8. Actitudes lingüísticas en Cuba. Cambios positivos hacia la variante nacional de lengua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roxana Sobrino Triana

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de La Habana, frente al español de Cuba y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El análisis está centrado en las denominaciones dadas a la lengua española, las percepciones cognitivo-lingüísticas y las actitudes, tanto positivas como negativas, que manifiestan los informantes hacia su variedad nacional y el resto de los países hispanohablantes, así como las opiniones sobre corrección y unidad lingüísticas. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca la valoración positiva hacia la variante cubana, en relación con investigaciones anteriores. El estudio contribuye a actualizar el panorama sobre actitudes en Cuba y se suma a la serie de trabajos, que con una metodología común, se han realizado en el mundo hispánico dentro del proyecto LIAS. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Havana, towards Spanish spoken in Cuba and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The analysis addresses several issues, such as the various names given to the Spanish language in Cuba, the cognitive linguistic perceptions and the positive and negative attitudes of Cuban speakers towards Spanish, as well as their opinions

  9. La lingüística hoy: su (reconfiguración a través de los diferentes objetos de estudio Modern linguistics: its (reconfiguration through the different obJects of study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Mahecha Bermúdez

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se sitúa en el ámbito de la historiografía lingüística. El propósito es mostrar las condiciones extra e interdisciplinares que permiten la configuración de objetos de estudio particulares a medida que las comunidades científicas evolucionan. Se verá que la lingüística actual (cognitiva es el resultado de un largo proceso de pulimento del objeto de estudio de la lingüística general, considerada aquella no solo como campo disciplinar, sino también como una actividad "cerebral" humana.This work is located within the field of Linguistic Historiography. The goal is to show the extra and interdisciplinary conditions that allow for the configuration of a particular object of study along with the evolution of the scientific communities. It will be demonstrated that current linguistics (cognitive linguistics is the result of a long process of improvement of the object of study of general linguistics and that cognitive linguistics is not only a discipline but also an activity of the human brain.

  10. Estimulación temprana y desarrollo lingüístico en niños sordos con Implante coclear: el primer año de experiencia auditiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Moreno-Torres

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio analiza el desarrollo de un grupo de 10 niños sordos a los que se ha colocado un implante coclear (IC antes de los dos años. El objetivo es comprobar en qué medida el desarrollo post-IC se ve afectado por el grado de estimulación temprana recibida. Se obtienen datos de percepción (cuestionario parental, y producción lingüística y prelingüística (vídeos de producción espontánea y cuestionarios. Además, se realizó una valoración del grado de estimulación recibido pre y post-implante. Los resultados muestran grandes diferencias intra-grupo: 1 en el ritmo de desarrollo lingüístico (léxico productivo a los 12 meses de experiencia auditiva; y 2 en el grado de estimulación. El análisis estadístico mostró que el grado de estimulación a los 12 meses es el único factor de los estudiados que correlaciona con el desarrollo lingüístico tras 12 meses. No correlacionan: edad al implantarse, percepción a los tres meses, ni balbuceo canónico. Tales resultados confirman la gran importancia del entorno, y en particular de la familia, en la rehabilitación del niño implantado.

  11. Technical improvement of ATE system of Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plant Phase II

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu Xingbao; Xiong Jingchuan; Liang Qiaohong

    2009-01-01

    In order to solve the problem that the content of SO 4 2- in Steam Generator significantly increased beyond the criteria after the use of the condensate treatment (ATE) system in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant and Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plant Phase I, technical improvement have been conducted on the sizes of the fore cation bed and the mixed bed, water distributing devices, ion exchange resins and separation facility. The effectiveness for the ion exchange of the mixed bed is improved, the resolved substance of cation resin is decreased; it is more impossible for fragments and powder which would lead high SO 4 2- content in Steam Generator. Finally, the quality of the steam-water could be improved and ensured. (authors)

  12. Multiple phenological responses to climate change among 42 plant species in Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dai, Junhu; Wang, Huanjiong; Ge, Quansheng

    2013-09-01

    Phenological data of 42 woody plants in a temperate deciduous forest from the Chinese Phenological Observation Network (CPON) and the corresponding meteorological data from 1963 to 2011 in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China were collected and analyzed. The first leaf date (FLD), leaf coloring date (LCD) and first flower date (FFD) are revealed as strong biological signals of climatic change. The FLD, LCD and FFD of most species are sensitive to average temperature during a certain period before phenophase onset. Regional precipitation also has a significant impact on phenophases of about half of the species investigated. Affected by climate change, the FLD and FFD of these species have advanced by 5.54 days and 10.20 days on average during 2003-2011 compared with the period 1963-1996, respectively. Meanwhile, the LCD has delayed by 10.59 days, and growing season length has extended 16.13 days. Diverse responses of phenology commonly exist among different species and functional groups during the study period. Especially for FFD, the deviations between the above two periods ranged from -20.68 to -2.79 days; biotic pollination species showed a significantly greater advance than abiotic pollination species. These results were conducive to the understanding of possible changes in both the structure of plant communities and interspecific relationships in the context of climate change.

  13. A 1HNMR-Based Metabonomics Study of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Intervention Effects of Er-Xian Decoction in Ovariectomized Rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luping Qin

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available A metabonomics method using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR was applied to obtain a systematic view of the development and progression of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA, 26 and 34 characteristic resonances were found respectively in urine and plasma of ovariectomized rats (Variable importance, VIP value ≥1.0, and the significant altered metabolites identified in the plasma and urine were 10 and 9, respectively. Changes in these metabolites were related to the pathways of lipid, energy and amino acid metabolism, some of which involved the oxidative system. The described method was also used to analyze the therapeutic effects of Er-Xian Decoction (EXD, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis in China. The results showed that EXD administration could provide satisfactory effects on osteoporosis through partially regulating the perturbed pathways of lipid, energy and amino acid metabolism and improving the anti-oxidative ability.

  14. Caos, complexidade e Lingüística Aplicada: diálogos transdisciplinares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônio Carlos Soares Martins

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste texto, apresentamos um panorama de estudos na área da Lingüística Aplicada que discutem questões relativas ao processo de desenvolvimento de segunda língua, bem como aspectos relacionados aos ambientes interacionais de aprendizagem na perspectiva das teorias do Caos e Complexidade. Para isso, discutimos as principais noções da perspectiva da complexidade, retomando alguns aspectos da física clássica e contemporânea.In this paper, we present a panorama of studies in the area of Applied Linguistics that discuss questions regarding second language development as well as aspects related to interactional learning environments in the light of Chaos and Complexity theories. To accomplish this, we discuss the main notions of complexity through the rethinking of some aspects of classic and contemporary physics.

  15. La cortesía lingüística en la publicidad editorial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernández Asunción Escribano

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Todas las estrategias corteses que refuerzan la imagen o el territorio de los dos polos del proceso comunicativo, emisor y receptor, o que mitigan la vulneración de ambos, se ponen en la retórica publicitaria editorial al servicio de la venta de los productos editoriales y librescos. La cortesía es recurrida, por tanto, en este ámbito comercial como modo de acercamiento al posible comprador mediante los refuerzos valorizantes de la imagen y del territorio, propios o ajenos, y atenuadores, en el caso de los actos descorteses. En este estudio nos acercamos a ocho maneras en las que la retórica editorial recurre a la cortesía para conseguir incrementar sus ventas mediante los usos lingüísticos intensificadores o mitigadores con los que las editoriales construyen y proyectan su mejor identidad.

  16. Problemas psicologicos en la comunicacion lingüistica en el Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Gonzales Moreyra

    1983-06-01

    Full Text Available Sustentándose en una hipótesis socio-lingüística de Alberto Escobar sobre la existencia de siete formas dialectales del español en el Perú, sehan explorado siete grupos representativos de dichos dialectos en áreas psicolingüísticas relacionadas con la percepción y producción delhabla, la memoria, las asociaciones verbales, la lectura de la redundancia. El autor halló que a las formas dialectales corresponden procesos psicológicos estadísticamente diferenciados que muestran pérdidas en el tratamiento de la información proveniente de una fuente que se expresa en la norma culta limeña. Se discute, además de los aspectos comunicacionales y psicológicos,algunas implicancias sociales y pedagógicas de estos hechos.

  17. Sincretismo lingüístico lexicográfico culinario gastronómico en el dialecto “puntanerense”

    OpenAIRE

    Li Chan, Elisa

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo de este estudio es describir algunos aportes sociolingüísticos, dentro del ámbito gastronómico - culinario, del dialecto chino Cantones al dialecto puntarenense. El contacto comercial constante y la integración social de inmigrantes chinos, provenientes de la parte sur de China, con la población del centro de Puntarenas; como consecuencia del contacto laboral, socio-cultural y lingüístico entres chinos y puntarenenses, debido al flujo migratorio de chinos que empezó hace 150 años ...

  18. Nuestra variedad lingüística como variedad biológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danilo Salamanca

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available El estudio se centra en señalar problemas esenciales sobre las consecuencias culturales ante la pérdida de idiomas ancestrales, en particular referido al patrimonio lingüístico indígena centroamericano. Señala algunas relaciones entre este proceso y las discusiones sobre la protección de los ecosistemas biológicos de la región, y llama la atención sobre las políticas que existen o deberían existir, para recuperar y preservar tanto el componente cultural (los idiomas como el natural. This study examines essential problems related to the cultural consequences due to the loss of ancestral languages, especially Central American Indigenous languages. It mentions relationships between this process and discussions about the protection of biological ecosystems in the region, and addresses policies that exist, or should exist, to recover and preserve both cultural (linguistic and natural components.

  19. Fundamentos lingüísticos del lenguaje periodístico y jurídico-administrativo

    OpenAIRE

    Carlos Oliva Marañón; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

    2011-01-01

    El lenguaje humano está en constante evolución y el léxico es su repertorio más mutable. El objetivo de esta investigación es el estudio del léxico de la Administración para una mejor comprensión por parte de los ciudadanos. Este lenguaje presenta una idiosincrasia definida, no sólo de léxico, gramática y estilo, sino también de teoría lingüística. Los lenguajes periodístico y jurídico-administrativo constituyen una sinergia entre la lengua global, la lengua general y el lenguaje de especiali...

  20. Actitudes lingüísticas en la Argentina. El español en Buenos Aires: Una aproximación a las representaciones de sus hablantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Llull

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, hacia al español de la Argentina y el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos de campo recolectados arrojó resultados de interés en torno a la mayoría de los tópicos analizados y especialmente en lo referente a aspectos tales como la valoración positiva de la propia variedad lingüística; la resistencia a identificar a España como la única fuente de la norma lingüística de la lengua española; el rechazo a la unificación de la lengua y, por consiguiente, la defensa de la diversidad lingüística como portadora de riqueza cultural. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Buenos Aires City, towards Spanish spoken in Argentina and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The analysis of the data rendered interesting results on most of the analyzed topics; especially important was the positive appraisal of Argentineans' own linguistic variety; the strong resistance against identifying Spain as the only source of the linguistic norm for the Spanish language; and the rejection of language unification, defending in this way

  1. [Study on the content and carbon isotopic composition of water dissolved inorganic carbon from rivers around Xi'an City].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Wei; Li, Xiang-Zhong; Liu, Wei-Guo

    2013-04-01

    In this study, the content and isotopic compositions of water dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from four typical rivers (Chanhe, Bahe, Laohe and Heihe) around Xi'an City were studied to trace the possible sources of DIC. The results of this study showed that the content of DIC in the four rivers varied from 0.34 to 5.66 mmol x L(-1) with an average value of 1.23 mmol x L(-1). In general, the content of DIC increased from the headstream to the river mouth. The delta13C(DIC) of four rivers ranged from -13.3 per thousand to -7.2 per thousand, with an average value of -10.1 per thousand. The delta13C(DIC) values of river water were all negative (average value of -12.6 per thousand) at the headstream of four rivers, but the delta13C(DIC) values of downstream water were more positive (with an average value of -9.4 per thousand). In addition, delta13C(DIC) of river water showed relatively negative values (the average value of delta13C(DIC) was -10.5 per thousand) near the estuary of the rivers. The variation of the DIC content and its carbon isotope suggested that the DIC sources of the rivers varied from the headstream to the river mouth. The negative delta13C(DIC) value indicated that the DIC may originate from the soil CO2 at the headstream of the rivers. On the other hand, the delta13C(DIC) values of river water at the middle and lower reaches of rivers were more positive, and it showed that soil CO2 produced by respiration of the C4 plants (like corn) and soil carbonates with positive delta13C values may be imported into river water. Meanwhile, the input of pollutants with low delta13C(DIC) values may result in a decrease of delta13C(DIC) values in the rivers. The study indicated that the DIC content and carbon isotope may be used to trace the sources of DIC in rivers around Xi'an City. Our study may provide some basic information for tracing the sources of DIC of rivers in the small watershed area in the Loess Plateau of China.

  2. An Investigation on Moving Rural Secondary Schools to Town in New Countryside Construction: Taking Ling County in Shandong Province as an Example

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Shuang

    2010-01-01

    Based on some problems lying in current rural secondary education taking Ling County as an example, this paper proves the necessity and feasibility of moving rural secondary schools to town in the current condition: it is an objective demand by the changes in students; it is a necessary demand to optimize resource allocation and to improve…

  3. Escuela e inmigración: una presentación de estudios sobre el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas y procesos de interdependencia entre lenguas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Huguet

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Al objeto de profundizar en el debate "inmigración-lengua-escuela", el trabajo presenta algunos datos derivados de la todavía escasa investigación sobre el tópico existente hasta el momento en España, poniendo especial énfasis en el caso catalán. Para ello, a partir de una breve revisión de la incidencia demográfica del fenómeno migratorio en el conjunto del Estado, mostramos los resultados de una serie de estudios centrados en: 1 el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas en la lengua de la escuela, y 2 el análisis de los procesos de interdependencia lingüística. Finalmente, se discuten posibles actuaciones que persiguen optimizar y reconsiderar la práctica educativa en las aulas multilingües.

  4. A UV multifunctional Raman lidar system for the observation and analysis of atmospheric temperature, humidity, aerosols and their conveying characteristics over Xi'an

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yufeng, Wang; Qiang, Fu; Meina, Zhao; Fei, Gao; Huige, Di; Yuehui, Song; Dengxin, Hua

    2018-01-01

    To monitor the variability and the correlation of multiple atmospheric parameters in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, a ground-based ultraviolet multifunctional Raman lidar system was established to simultaneously measure the atmospheric parameters in Xi'an (34.233°N, 108.911°E). A set of dichroic mirrors (DMs) and narrow-band interference filters (IFs) with narrow angles of incidence were utilized to construct a high-efficiency 5-channel polychromator. A series of high-quality data obtained from October 2013 to December 2015 under different weather conditions were used to investigate the functionality of the Raman lidar system and to study the variability of multiple atmospheric parameters in the whole stratosphere. Their conveying characteristics are also investigated using back trajectories with a hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model (HYSPLIT). The lidar system can be operated efficiently under weather conditions with a cloud backscattering ratio of less than 18 and an atmospheric visibility of 3 km. We observed an obvious temperature inversion phenomenon at the tropopause height of 17-18 km and occasional temperature inversion layers below the boundary layer. The rapidly changing atmospheric water vapor is mostly concentrated at the lower troposphere, below ∼4-5 km, accounting for ∼90% of the total water vapor content at 0.5-10 km. The back trajectory analysis shows that the air flow from the northwest and the west mainly contributes to the transport of aerosols and water vapor over Xi'an. The simultaneous continuous observational results demonstrate the variability and correlation among the multiple atmospheric parameters, and the accumulated water vapor density in the bottom layer causes an increase in the aerosol extinction coefficient and enhances the relative humidity in the early morning. The long-term observations provide a large amount of reliable atmospheric data below the lower stratosphere, and can be

  5. The biomechanics study of rabbit osteoporosis models treated by 99Tcm-MDP combined with GuKangLing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao Kejia; Zhao Guoding; Ye Zhiwei; Mei Xiaogang; Tian Yingmin; Yan Chushun; Wang Wei; Li Wei; Cai Zhengyu; Song Haiping

    2011-01-01

    Objective: To study the bone biomechanics of the rabbit osteoporosis models induced by dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (DX) using a combined treatment modality of 99 Tc-MDP and GuKangLing. Methods: Rabbits were intramuscularly injected with DX (2 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks. The animal osteoporosis model group (Group C) and normal group (Group A) were compared to confirm the model was available. Another control group (Group B), the osteoporosis control group (Group D) were set for the comparison at the end of the experiment. The 99 Tc-MDP therapy group (Group E), GuKangLing therapy group (Group F) and 99 Tc-MDP plus GuKangLing therapy group (Group G) were included in the study. The treatment lasted for 16 weeks. The bone biomechanics, cytopathology bone histomorphology, bone mineral density (BMD), X-ray, CT, bone scintigraphy and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and P (bone gla protein) were chosen as the markers or methods to evaluate the treatment results (excellent, effective and invalid). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used for group comparison analysis. Results: Cytopathology result indicated that there was no bone trabecular destruction in Group A. However, there was distinct bone destruction in Group C. The bone biomechanics (left femur head (265.914 ±52.773) N, L 4 (369.671 ±94.919) N), BMD (left femur (0.238 ±0.016) g/cm 2 , L 4 (0.236 ±0.016) g/cm 2 ) and bone histomorphology ((66.230 ± 10.848)%) in Group C reduced clearly as compared with Group A ((405.343±55.410) N, (750.870±53.718) N, (0.294±0.017) g/cm 2 , (0.302±0.023) g/cm 2 , (131.500 ± 21.846)%) (t ≥4.550, all P<0.01). Radionuclide bone scan also showed that the uptake of tracers was higher by the main arthrosis in Group C than that in Group A. Vertebra was not clearly visualized on bone scan image. There were significant differences between Group A and Group C in serum BALP and P ((45.000±7.303) vs (12.485 ±1.512) U/L, (0.168±0.018) vs (0.115

  6. Application of life cycle assessment for an evaluation of wastewater treatment and reuse project--case study of Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Q H; Wang, X C; Xiong, J Q; Chen, R; Cao, B

    2010-03-01

    In order to illuminate the benefit of a wastewater treatment and reuse project, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model was proposed by combining the process-based LCA and the input-output based LCA in one framework and using energy consumption as the sole parameter for quantitative evaluation of the project. The life cycle consumption was evaluated mainly by life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis taking into account the construction phase, operation phase and demolishment phase of the project. For evaluating the life cycle benefit of treated water reuse, attention was paid to the decrease of secondary effluent discharge and water saving. As a result of comprehensive LCA analysis of a case project in Xi'an, China, it was understood that the life cycle benefit gained from treated wastewater reuse much surpassed the life cycle energy consumption. The advantage of wastewater treatment and reuse was well shown by LCA analysis using the proposed model. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Effects of urban grass coverage on rainfall-induced runoff in Xi'an loess region in China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jing Li

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of grass coverage on rainfall-runoff processes. A total of 80 grass blocks planted with well-grown manilagrass, together with their root systems, were sampled from an eastern suburban area of Xi'an City in the northwest arid area of China and sent to a laboratory for rainfall simulation experiments. The runoff and infiltration processes of a slope with different grass coverage ratios and vegetation patterns were analyzed. The results show that the runoff coefficient decreases with the increase of the grass coverage ratio, and the influence of grass coverage on the reduction of runoff shows a high degree of spatial variation. At a constant grass coverage ratio, as the area of grass coverage moves downward, the runoff coefficient, total runoff, and flood peak discharge gradually decrease, and the flood peak occurs later. With the increase of the grass coverage ratio, the flood peak discharge gradually decreases, and the flood peak occurs later as well. In conclusion, a high grass coverage ratio with the area of grass coverage located at the lower part of the slope will lead to satisfactory regulatory effects on rainfall-induced runoff.

  8. [Study on pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an City during the spring festival].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Bian-Hong; Zhang, Cheng-Zhong; Wang, Ge-Hui

    2013-02-01

    The samples of PM2.5 with 8 times periods were collected using Automated Cartridge Collection Unit (ACCU) of Rupprecht& Patashnick (R&P)Corporation, and monitored by R&P1400a instrument of TEOM series online during 2011 Spring Festival in Xi'an city. The organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) contents of 3 h integrated PM2.5 were analyzed to evaluate the influence of firework display on the carbonaceous components in urban air. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was found increased significantly from 00:00 A. M. to 02:59 A. M. at the Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve than the non-firework periods, reaching 1514.8 microg.m-3 at 01:00 A. M. The mass concentrations of OC, EC, WSOC, and WIOC during the same time period were 123.3 microg.m-3, 18.6 microg.m-3, 66.7 microg.m-3, and 56.6 microg.m-3, about 1.7, 1.2, 1.4, and 2.2 times higher than the average in normal days, respectively. Correlation analysis among WSOC, OC, and EC contents in PM25 showed that firework emission was an obvious source of carbonaceous aerosol in the Spring Festival vacation. However, it only contributes to 9. 4% for aerosol in fireworks emission.

  9. Questões de linguagem: notas sobre jornalismo, história e lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manoel Luiz Gonçalves Corrêa

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Este trabalho analisa alguns problemas lingüísticos que afetam as práticas da produção e da leitura do texto. Pela noção de deslizamento, busca-se enquadrar essas práticas no interior de uma concepção de linguagem (2º deslizamento, ao mesmo tempo em que se procura mostrar a existência, no uso da linguagem, de um processo de referencialização que oculta a coexistência e o movimento (1º deslizamento entre os fatores tradicionalmente considerados como básicos numa situação de comunicação (referente, remetente e destinatário.

  10. Los intercambios virtuales lingüísticos y culturales en educación superior: un estudio de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Victoria Guadamillas Gómez

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available El estudio describe una intervención docente llevada a cabo en el campo de la telecolaboración interinstitucional y con el doble objetivo de incrementar el tiempo de práctica oral para la mejora lingüística (inglés/español y favorecer la toma de conciencia intercultural entre estudiantes universitarios en los contextos español y británico. La metodología aplicada da cuenta de las percepciones de estos participantes de manera cualitativa y del grado de implicación y participación de los discentes. En primer lugar, en este estudio de caso abordamos el término telecolaboración y recogemos aportaciones recientes en este ámbito; en segundo lugar, presentamos el proyecto y sus tres fases principales: toma de decisiones, desarrollo y evaluación. A continuación, analizamos los resultados de participación y los comentarios positivos y negativos obtenidos de los universitarios, según se refieran a los aspectos lingüísticos o culturales o a otros más generales relacionados con la experiencia de participación. Por último, en la discusión y las conclusiones hablamos del éxito de esta experiencia, el cual reside en la planificación y el diseño de tareas que han originado una alta participación.

  11. Consideraciones gráficas y lingüísticas del lenguaje cibernético: el chat y el Messenger.

    OpenAIRE

    Cabedo Nebot, Adrián

    2009-01-01

    Este trabajo pretende estudiar el comportamiento lingüístico de intercambios comunicativos en plataformas cibernéticas como el chat o el Messenger. Así mismo, el planteamiento inicial es investigar si el lenguaje cibernético constituye un código particular, diferenciado del código del lenguaje habitual. This work tries to study linguistic behavior of communicative exchanges in cybernetic platforms like chat or Messenger. Likewise, the initial approach is to investigate if the cybernetic la...

  12. Desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas en lengua inglesa a través de cuentos infantiles

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Rodríguez, Andrea

    2014-01-01

    Actualmente, la mayoría de los centros presentan un programa bilingüe, y el inglés es la lengua extranjera más demandada. Durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de esta segunda lengua, uno de los subgéneros de la literatura infantil, el cuento, se convertirá en una perfecta herramienta de trabajo ya que, explotando todos los recursos que nos ofrece, desarrollaremos en nuestros alumnos las cuatro habilidades lingüísticas inglesas: writing, reading, listening y speaking. En este Trabajo de...

  13. Two New Members of Freshwater Red Algae in Taiwan: Compsopogon tenellus Ling et Xie and C. chalybeus Kützing (Compsopogonaceae, Rhodophyta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shao-Lun Liu

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Two freshwater red algae, Compsopogon tenellus Ling et Xie and C. chalybeus Kützing, are first reported to the freshwater algal flora of Taiwan. In this study, we describe in detail the morphology of them and compare the ecological differences of their habitats. Both of them were found in clear, warm (24-27 °C and running stream in low altitude plain areas of southern Taiwan.

  14. A Hydrological Tomography Collocated with Time-varying Gravimetry for Hydrogeology -An Example in Yun-Lin Alluvial Plain and Ming-Ju Basin in Taiwan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, K. H.; Cheng, C. C.; Hwang, C.

    2016-12-01

    A new inversion technique featured by the collocation of hydrological modeling and gravimetry observation is presented in this report. Initially this study started from a project attempting to build a sequence of hydrodynamic models of ground water system, which was applied to identify the supplement areas of alluvial plains and basins along the west coast of Taiwan. To calibrate the decent hydro-geological parameters for the modeling, geological evolution were carefully investigated and absolute gravity observations, along with other on-site hydrological monitoring data were specially introduced. It was discovered in the data processing that the time-varying gravimetrical data are highly sensitive to certain boundary conditions in the hydrodynamic model, which are correspondent with respective geological features. A new inversion technique coined by the term "hydrological tomography" is therefore developed by reversing the boundary condition into the unknowns to be solved. An example of accurate estimate for water storage and precipitation infiltration of a costal alluvial plain Yun-Lin is presented. In the mean time, the study of an anticline structure of the upstream basin Ming-Ju is also presented to demonstrate how a geological formation is outlined when the gravimetrical data and hydrodynamic model are re-directed into an inversion.

  15. Actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes de San Salvador, El Salvador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erick Rivera Orellana

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de San Salvador hacia al español de El Salvador y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los estudios sobre actitudes lingüísticas en el país son escasos y este es el estudio que más dimensiones abarca respecto de cómo los salvadoreños que habitan en la capital se identifican con el idioma que hablan, cómo valoran o califican las formas de hablar de los habitantes de su entorno y cómo reaccionan ante formas de hablar el español en otros países, tanto de aquellos que conocen directamente como de otros con los cuales tienen una relación indirecta, principalmente a través de los medios de comunicación. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from San Salvador towards Spanish spoken in El Salvador and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. Studies of linguistic attitudes are scarce in the country and this research study is the first one with a broad scope regarding how people living in the capital identify themselves with the way they speak; how they value or characterize the way people around them speak, and how they react to the way people speak Spanish in other countries that they know personally or through

  16. FY 2000 survey of the geological structure overseas, etc. Japan-China joint coal exploration - Yu Xian project; 2000 nendo kaigai chishitsu kozo nado chosa - futai shiryoshu. Nippon Chugoku sekitan kyodo tansa Yu Xian project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2001-03-01

    This data book summarized the proceedings and the technical report of the management committee on the Japan-China geological structure survey based on the consultation concluded between NEDO and China's bureau of coal field geology and a report meeting on the Yu Xian project. In the exploration, conducted were the boring survey of 10 boreholes, seismic survey of 2D (71 traverse lines, 180.105km) and 3D (1.5km{sup 2}), VSP (6 holes (345 shots)) and the low velocity band survey (2,072 shots). The geological structure of the area presented the syncline structure with a gentle line associated with foldings and a number of faults and was classified into the medium class or the class of a little complication in the Chinese standard. The number of the faults confirmed in this exploration totaled 57. Coal reserves by coal seam were 157.22 million tons at No. 5 seam and 102.57 million tons at No. 1 seam. The total amount of the two seams was 79.1% of the total coal amount in all area. The coal quality of Nos. 1 and 5 was brown coal - flame coal in the Chinese classification, and subbituminous coal B - subbituminous coal C in the ASTM classification. The coal, however, cannot be used for process raw coal. There is a technical potentiality of the fixed bed pressurized gasification. (NEDO)

  17. Multi-satellites normalization of the FengYun-2s visible detectors by the MVP method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yuan; Rong, Zhi-guo; Zhang, Li-jun; Sun, Ling; Xu, Na

    2013-08-01

    After January 13, 2012, FY-2F had successfully launched, the total number of the in orbit operating FengYun-2 geostationary meteorological satellites reached three. For accurate and efficient application of multi-satellite observation data, the study of the multi-satellites normalization of the visible detector was urgent. The method required to be non-rely on the in orbit calibration. So as to validate the calibration results before and after the launch; calculate day updating surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF); at the same time track the long-term decay phenomenon of the detector's linearity and responsivity. By research of the typical BRDF model, the normalization method was designed. Which could effectively solute the interference of surface directional reflectance characteristics, non-rely on visible detector in orbit calibration. That was the Median Vertical Plane (MVP) method. The MVP method was based on the symmetry of principal plane, which were the directional reflective properties of the general surface targets. Two geostationary satellites were taken as the endpoint of a segment, targets on the intersecting line of the segment's MVP and the earth surface could be used as a normalization reference target (NRT). Observation on the NRT by two satellites at the moment the sun passing through the MVP brought the same observation zenith, solar zenith, and opposite relative direction angle. At that time, the linear regression coefficients of the satellite output data were the required normalization coefficients. The normalization coefficients between FY-2D, FY-2E and FY-2F were calculated, and the self-test method of the normalized results was designed and realized. The results showed the differences of the responsivity between satellites could up to 10.1%(FY-2E to FY-2F); the differences of the output reflectance calculated by the broadcast calibration look-up table could up to 21.1%(FY-2D to FY-2F); the differences of the output

  18. Analysis of heavy metals in the re-suspended road dusts from different functional areas in Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Qian; Lu, Xinwei; Pan, Huiyun

    2016-10-01

    A study on heavy metal pollution was undertaken in the re-suspended road dusts from different functional areas in Xi'an City of China to investigate the impacts of human activities and land uses on urban environment. The concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and their accumulations were analyzed using enrichment factor. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, combined with the concentration property and enrichment factor, were used to identify the possible sources of heavy metals investigated. The investigated re-suspended road dusts had Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations higher than background levels. Samples from different functional areas had diverse heavy metal concentration levels. Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn presented moderate/significant enrichment in the samples. The source analyses indicated that Mn, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn had the mixed sources of nature and traffic, Cr and Cu mainly originated from traffic source, while Co was primarily derived from construction source. Traffic and construction activities had a significant impact on urban environment. This preliminary research provides a valuable basis for urban environment protection and management.

  19. Persuasión lingüística para la defensa de la tierra: El Título Primordial de Santiago Sula

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Puente González

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Los pueblos de indios de la Nueva España crearon, a fines de la época colonial, una forma de  defender sus territorios ante la amenaza de colonos españoles, criollos y otros indios que usurpaban ilegalmente terrenos e intentaban rentabilizar el control de las tierras. Empezaron a producir un tipo de textos, sus Títulos Primordiales, que presentaban en los juicios para demostrar la titularidad de sus posesiones. No son textos del tipo administrativo, sino que insertan narraciones con los acontecimientos pasados más importantes para la comunidad. Pero principalmente son escritos que fueron pensados para persuadir a los receptores de la veracidad de sus argumentos. Buscaban convencer, en lo lingüístico y textual, para tener efecto en la vida real: que no se les arrebatase sus tierras. En este trabajo se abordará la aproximación a este tipo textual mediante el estudio, desde la pragmática lingüística y el análisis del discurso, del Título Primordial de Santiago Sula, un documento paradigmático del género. Con ello se quiere demostrar que el Título Primordial de Santiago Sulase caracteriza por una estructura argumentativa con un narrador que dispone de distintos tipos de argumentos y otras estrategias textuales para reforzar la única conclusión final: la defensa dela tierra.

  20. Actitudes lingüísticas en Honduras. Un estudio sociolingüístico sobre el español de Honduras frente al de otros países de habla hispana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hilcia Hernández

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Tegucigalpa, hacia al español de Honduras y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Se muestran los resultados del análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo desde una perspectiva sociolingüística y dejan al descubierto no solo las actitudes lingüísticas positivas y negativas, sino también expresiones de lealtad por la variedad lingüística nacional, opiniones sobre la corrección lingüística y la alta estima hacia el español de Honduras en relación con el español de los demás países hispanohablantes. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Tegucigalpa, towards Spanish spoken in Honduras and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results from the qualitative and quantities analysis are drawn using a sociolinguistic perspective and show not only the positive and negative linguistic attitudes towards specific varieties of Spanish, but also expressions of linguistic loyalty towards the national variety of the Spanish language, opinions about linguistic correctness and the high degree of appreciation towards Honduran Spanish compared to the variants of Spanish spoken in the other Spanish-speaking countries.

  1. Alternância de código lingüístico no cotidiano de um lar

    OpenAIRE

    Lima,Diógenes Cândido de

    2007-01-01

    Alternância de código é um tópico bastante controvertido. Por um lado, é visto como o aspecto mais criativo do falar bilíngüe e, por outro, como um sinal de decomposição lingüística. Comenta-se que falantes bilíngües alternam seu código porque não são capazes de aprender duas línguas de maneira adequada nem mantê-las separadamente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo observar exemplos de alternância de código que ocorreram nas conversações da informante, falante nativa da língua inglesa e fluent...

  2. Discriminación lingüística y contracultura escolar indígena en la Ciudad de México

    OpenAIRE

    Daniel Hernández-Rosete; Olivia Maya

    2016-01-01

    La discriminación lingüística escolar es una forma de racismo cuya resistencia está poco documentada. En este artículo analizamos las creencias que favorecen la discriminación escolar de indígenas migrantes bilingües y describimos algunas de las respuestas que además existen como mecanismos de contracultura escolar. Realizamos una investigación fenomenológica de tipo constructivista social, cuyo trabajo de campo se realizó en dos escuelas del barrio de La Merced ubicado en la Ciudad de México...

  3. El pensamiento animal y su expresión lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Danón

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Nuestros intentos por hallar palabras que capturen de modo preciso los contenidos de los pensamientos de los animales suelen tropezar con dificultades persistentes. En este trabajo evaluaré dos explicaciones de este fenómeno discutidas por Beck (2013: la explicación basada en el carácter poco familiar de los contenidos animales –que él rechaza– y la basada en diferencias de formato –que resulta su favorita–. En primer lugar, objetaré las razones por las cuales Beck descarta la explicación basada en el carácter poco familiar de los contenidos. En segundo lugar argumentaré que, aunque algunas dificultades para expresar lingüísticamente los pensamientos animales pueden surgir por diferencias de formato, hay otras que no parecen deberse a este factor. Luego sugeriré que, a fin de comprender adecuadamente el problema que nos ocupa, deberíamos elaborar una explicación dual que apele, en algunos casos, a las diferencias de contenido y, en otros, a las diferencias de formato.

  4. Da análise de questões sobre concordância em provas de concursos públicos a uma reflexão sobre normativismo e política lingüística no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Eveli Seganfredo

    2003-01-01

    Este trabalho visa a, através da análise – sob a perspectiva da sociolingüística variacionista – de questões de concordância nominal e verbal de provas de língua portuguesa de concursos públicos de nível médio, proceder a uma reflexão sobre o normativismo e a política lingüística no Brasil. Os concursos públicos são apresentados como agentes promotores de uma política lingüística aparentemente difusa. Eles vêm interferindo na e, muitas vezes, determinando a elaboração de currículos e programa...

  5. Variability in permanent tooth size of three ancient populations in Xi'an, northern China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Shi-You; Kang, Ting; Liu, Dai-Yun; Duan, Yin-Zhong; Shao, Jin-Ling

    2012-11-01

    This paper compares permanent dental dimensions between three ancient populations that belonged to the same biological population throughout a temporal range of 2000 years to detect temporal trends and metric variation in dentition. The samples analysed were dental remains of 4502 permanent teeth from 321 individuals, which were excavated from three archaeological sites: Chang'an (1000-1300 years BP), Shanren (2200 years BP) and Shaolingyuan (3000 years BP) in the Xi'an region (northern China). For each tooth three standard measurements were taken: Mesiodistal (MD) diameter of crown, labiolingual or buccolingual (BL) diameter of crown and length of root (LR). Three ancient population samples generally displayed the same dental dimensions (p>0.05), whereas some tooth types varied. The Shaolingyuan had larger canine and the smallest maxillary second molars and the Chang'an had the largest mandibular first molars in the MD dimension. The Shanren had the smallest maxillary third molars and mandibular central incisors, and the Chang'an had the smallest maxillary lateral incisors in the BL dimension. In the LR measures, statistically significant differences of five tooth types showed that the Chang'an were smaller than the Shaolingyuan and the Shanren. Comparisons of coefficients of variation for teeth showed that the length of root and third molar usually displayed greater variation. Decreasing or increasing trend for crown size does not occur between the ancient populations, while changes in crown size of a few tooth types fluctuate. The root size is more variable than the crown size and is likely to reflect a degenerated trend in a few tooth types. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. La influencia de la música en la inteligencia lingüística y cinética-corporal

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz García de la Plaza, María Dolores

    2015-01-01

    El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado trata de dar a conocer la importancia que poseen las inteligencias múltiples en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Dado al amplio abanico que estas abarcan, nos hemos centrado en la lingüística y cinética-corporal, viendo cuáles son sus repercusiones en el desarrollo de los niños. Además, se ha estudiado cómo influye la música en la etapa de Educación Infantil: La suma de las inteligencias y la educación musical imprime un carácter más completo y global ...

  7. Pensando con Bourdieu contra Bourdieu: una crítica metodológica del mercado lingüístico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cendales Andrés

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Con base en la metodología de la lógica situacional que Popper (1997 formula para las ciencias
    sociales, este artículo discute la consistencia metodológica con la cual Bourdieu (2000 usa la
    noción de mercado lingüístico en el análisis sociológico sobre el discurso. Se muestra la existencia
    de dos nociones de racionalidad económica, de tal manera que, los agentes de decisión, al mismo
    tiempo actúan con una dotación de racionalidad sustantiva y otra de racionalidad acotada.

  8. The pilot project RiesLing. An efficient automation and innovative control system functions for grids with an enhanced amount of decentralized power generation; Das Pilotprojekt RiesLing. Effiziente Automatisierung und innovative Leitsystemfunktionen fuer Netze mit hohem Anteil an dezentraler Erzeugung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Backes, Juergen; Jaeger, Thomas [EnBW Ostwuerttemberg Donau-Ries AG, Ellwangen (Germany); Bader, Daniel [EnBW Netzgesellschaft Ostwuerttemberg Donauries GmbH, Ellwangen (Germany); Koerner, Christian [EnBW Regional AG, Stuttgart (Germany); Kaempfer, Stefan; Kautsch, Stephan [ABB AG, Mannheim (Germany)

    2012-07-01

    The challenges imposed by the political target of an increased share of renewables in electrical energy supply are being broadly discussed. The vision is the Smart Grid - the intelligent energy system. By means of communication and information technology it seems possible to coordinate the control of the grid infrastructure as well as the power consumed or produced by the customers' facilities in a way that allows a safe and secure operation minimizing cost and providing a sustainable supply. The project RiesLing (Projekt im Ries - Leittechnik intelligent gemacht, translated ''implementation of an intelligent grid control in the Ries area'') focuses on the development and the practical test of solutions which are considered core components of a Smart Grid. The region of its implementation is the Noerdlinger Ries, a region in the north-western part of Bavaria and in close vicinity to the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. This area combines a maximum load of around 50 MW with a maximum generation of around 120 MW, mostly from Photovoltaic modules and biogas fuelled engines. The RiesLing project has been initiated in mid 2011. Its technical implementation, set up as 3 separate packages, will be finished until end of 2012. The implementation phase will be followed by a practical test phase to optimize the technical solution and to derive practical operation experience. The project thus will end by December 2013. The technical packages (TP) 1 and 2 are dealing with technical solutions for online-monitoring and remote operation of medium voltage (MV)/low voltage (LV) transformer substations. The solutions tested cover upgrading existing substations as well as renewal of MV switchgear. One of these substations integrates an electronic voltage regulation based on a series transformer (''boost transformer'') connected to an electronic converter. TP 3 takes advantage of the technical infrastructure implemented in TP 1 and TP 2

  9. De la deconstrucción del signo lingüístico a la escritura como huella en Jacques Derrida

    OpenAIRE

    Barreto Ramírez, Martha Helena

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo se compone de dos capítulos: El primero titulado: La deconstrucción del signo lingüístico y el segundo: La escritura como huella, cada capítulo esta compuesto de subtemas para una mayor comprensión del texto.En el primero, se muestran algunos rasgos de la estrategia deconstructiva que plantea Derrida a la metafísica de la escritura fonética que dirigió etnocentrismo y el fonocentrismo de la época y es tratado en tres subtemas: 1): La escritura fonética y el pensamiento metafísico...

  10. Formas lingüisticas en inglés para la atracción, captación y persuasión del cliente 2.0 del ambito turístico

    OpenAIRE

    Benavente Sánchez, Humberto

    2014-01-01

    Este trabajo versa sobre las estrategias lingüísticas utilizadas en el medio web en lengua anglosajona. Se profundiza en la promoción turística en internet y en la importancia del inglés a nivel internacional. Grado en Turismo

  11. Commercial sex behaviours among involuntary male bachelors: findings from a survey of migrants in Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xueyan; Li, Shuzhuo; Attané, Isabelle; Feldman, Marcus W

    2015-06-01

    The highly male-biased sex ratio at birth has produced a severe male 'marriage squeeze' in China. However, with an imbalanced sex ratio, the marriage-squeezed or involuntary bachelors can meet their sexual needs only through ways other than marriage. To investigate the commercial sex behaviours of involuntary bachelors, we conducted a survey on reproductive health and family living among male migrant bachelors in Xi'an City, the capital of Shaanxi Province, from December 2009 to January 2010. The prevalence of commercial sex use was 37.2% among unmarried men, 30.1% among married but separated men and 17.2% among married and cohabitating men (χ(2) = 31.33; P = 0.000; df = 2). Marital status, knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), age and income were associated with the prevalence and frequency of commercial sex behaviours. Condom use was less frequent among involuntary bachelors and was significantly associated with knowledge about AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, the frequency of commercial sex behaviours, marital status and age. The higher prevalence of commercial sex behaviours and the lower frequency of condom use indicate a higher risk of disease from commercial sex among involuntary bachelors, implicating both individual and public health. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  12. La influencia de las estancias en el extranjero en el proceso de aprendizaje de segundas lenguas: análisis de experiencias a través de los relatos de vida lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pinar, Alex

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un trabajo de investigación sobre la influencia de las estancias en el extranjero en el proceso de aprendizaje de una lengua y el modo en que éstas favorecen la adquisición de competencias comunicativas, el conocimiento de la dimensión cultural de la L2 y el desarrollo de habilidades y actitudes interculturales. A partir de un relato de vida lingüística se analizan las experiencias y creencias de una informante que tiene certificaciones oficiales de nivel C2 en tres idiomas para determinar de qué modo estudiar en el extranjero ha influido en su formación lingüística.

  13. Ser y estar. Fenomenología y lingüística: Un acercamiento a la comprensión de la cultura latinoamericana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Witton Becerra Mayorga

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La fenomenología en la tradición del pensamiento europeo es la corriente filosófica de inflexión que permite pensar otros modos de ser de la cultura de otros pueblos, de otros ethos , como lo es el del hombre latinoamericano. En el siguiente trabajo me permito postular para el caso de América Latina una nueva forma de concebir la cultura desde las bases de la fenomenología como punto de inexión del pensamiento occi - dental que posibilita crear nuevos espacios de conformación de nuestro modo de ser. Lo primero que hago es definir las profundas separaciones entre la lingüística tradicional y positiva con una lingüística de la significación cercana a los postulados de una feno - menología del lenguaje. Luego de esto, bosquejo una legitimación del pensamiento situado para referirme al caso de la inexión de la fenomenología para pensar la cultura latinoamericana haciendo énfasis en la literatura. Y, nalmente, trato la cuestión del ser y el estar como característica gramatical y ontológica de Latinoamérica como punto eje para pensar nuestra cultura en nuestro tiempo, en una época de crisis.

  14. TEACHERS’ ACCOUNTS OF LANGUAGE VARIATIONS Relatos de Professores sobre Variações Lingüísticas Não-Padrão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João A. Telles

    1998-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper focuses on teachers' stigmatizing perspectives of their students' nonstandard varieties of Portuguese. Theoretically, the study was grounded on Personal Construct Psychology, Perspective Transformation in Teacher Education, Transformative Bidialectalism and Critical Language Awareness. The objectives were to jointly access and assess the teachers’ implicit theories about nonstandard language and to verify to what extent these theories affected their classroom pedagogy. My research questions turned to how the participating teachers understood nonstandard language; and to how their understandings are reflected on their language teaching. The viewing of the teachers’ videotaped classes and Repertory Grid activities inspired reflective conversations with the two teacher participants on their language and classroom experiences. These conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed and their analysis followed the thematizing approach of Hermeneutic Phenomenology. The study revealed teachers’ implicit theories about language variation defining pedagogies based on deficit and standard grammar perspectives. These pedagogies are in constant interaction with the teachers’ lived experiences, the contextual restrictions of schools and the limitations of teacher education programs.O presente trabalho trata das perspectivas estigmatizantes que duas professoras de língua portuguesa trazem em relação às variações lingüísticas não-padrão de seus alunos. Teoricamente, meu estudo se embasa na Psicologia dos Construtos Pessoais, Transformação de Perspectivas na Educação de Professores, Bi-dialetalismo Transformador e Sensibilidade Crítica à Linguagem. Meus objetivos foram acessar e ponderar sobre as teorias implícitas das professoras sobre linguagem não-padrão e verificar como tais teorias afetam suas pedagogias. Suas aulas foram gravadas em vídeo e atividades com Mapas do Repertório de seus conceitos sobre língua portuguesa

  15. Holocene monsoon variability inferred from Targo Xian peat bog in the Tangra Yumco basin, central Tibetan Plateau

    Science.gov (United States)

    Henkel, Karoline; Haberzettl, Torsten; Miehe, Sabine; Frenzel, Peter; Daut, Gerhard; Dietze, Elisabeth; Kasper, Thomas; Ahlborn, Marieke; Mäusbacher, Roland

    2013-04-01

    The Tibetan Plateau is the greatest plateau on Earth with an average altitude of 4,500 m asl. Due to its high elevation, large area and significant role in the formation of the Asian Monsoon Systems (e.g., Indian Ocean and East-Asian Summer Monsoon) it is considered to react very sensitive to climate variations. The numerous lake systems on the Tibetan Plateau represent excellent archives reflecting variations in the strength of the monsoon system in terms of hydrological changes expressed in lake level fluctuations. For example, terraces and lacustrine deposits around the saline lake Tangra Yumco indicate lake level highstands up to ~215 m higher than the present lake level. To study Holocene lake level variations we investigated a 3.6 m long sediment core recovered from a peat bog (near the Targo Xian settlement, 30°46'N, 86°40'E) on a recessional lake level terrace ~150 m above the present shoreline of Tangra Yumco. In particular, our analyses of sedimentological (grain size), geochemical (CNS and ICP-OES) and mineralogical (XRD) data allow a detailed and high-resolution interpretation of the hydrological conditions during the Holocene. The existence of two carbonate layers in the Targo Xian record, separated by a sand layer and intercalated in peat sequences at the bottom and top of the core, provide evidence for two stable lake stages at the coring position. Peat at the bottom of the core, which is radiocarbon-dated to 11,130 +130/-345 cal BP, indicates wetland conditions similar to the Recent situation (Miehe et al., submitted). After a transition zone, a layer of pure aragonitic lake marl gives evidence for a lake stage. During this stage, high values of the total inorganic carbon (TIC) and Ca/Ti ratios as well as low C/N ratios point to a stable lake due to wet climatic conditions. This carbonate layer can be correlated with a 2-3 m thick carbonate layer found in outcrops around the present lake Tangra Yumco presenting a high lake level until approx. 2

  16. La Comprensión Lectora en el Desarrollo de las Habilidades Lingüísticas de los Idiomas Quechua e Inglés en los Estudiantes de Pregrado de la Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión

    OpenAIRE

    Escudero Escudero, Melchor Epifanio; Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión; Escudero Villanueva, Yulliana de Lourdes; Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión

    2017-01-01

    Objetivo: Explicar cómo la compresión lectora influye en el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas de los idiomas quechua e inglés en los estudiantes de Pregrado de la Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión. Métodos: Se aplicó un diseño preexperimental con pretest y postest para medir el cambio ocurrido desde el pretest hasta el postest de la comprensión lectora en el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas de los idiomas quechua e inglés, teniendo como muestra de estudio a...

  17. La lexicografía y su relación con otras disciplinas independientes como la lingüística y la ciencia de la información

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tarp, Sven

    2015-01-01

    los importantes resultados que se han logado dentro de otras disciplinas independientes, como p.ej. la lingüística y la ciencia de la información, ya que recomienda que se haga amplio uso de estos resultados pero solo después de hacerlos pasar por un filtro que determina lo que es relevante o...

  18. A vueltas con la interculturalidad: hacia una lingüística intercultural para estudiantes alemanes de ELE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Castro, Marta

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios sobre la interculturalidad aplicados al aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras han cobrado gran importancia en las últimas décadas. Son muchas las contribuciones existentes sobre cómo incorporar el componente (intercultural, el factor social y la comunicación no verbal en la clase de ELE, pero escasas son las investigaciones que intentan promover la enseñanza de una lingüística intercultural. El presente trabajo pretende ser una propuesta de aplicación intercultural de la gramática en la clase de ELE en un contexto de enseñanza germánico con el fin de agilizar el aprendizaje y la adquisición de la competencia comunicativa en la lengua meta.

  19. Evaluación de la inteligencia lingüística en Educación Inafanil según el modelo de Gardner

    OpenAIRE

    Paíno Tesedo, Tamara

    2017-01-01

    En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) que exponemos se trata de una iniciación a la investigación educativa. El presente estudio pretende analizar los conocimientos y encontrar la forma de evaluar las Inteligencias Múltiples, concretamente una de las ocho propuestas por Howard Gardner, la Inteligencia Lingüística. La primera búsqueda de este trabajo es la indagación sobre los estudios e investigaciones de Howard Gardner, centrándonos esencialmente en el análisis la teoría del autor que...

  20. Teores de colesterol de lingüiças de frango "light" e tradicionais submetidas a diferentes condições de estocagem Cholesterol content in light and traditional chicken sausages when submitted to different to storage conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta S. Madruga

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se na presente pesquisa investigar os teores de gorduras e colesterol de lingüiças de frango processadas sob a forma "light" e "tradicional", quando submetidas a condições de estocagem sob refrigeração e congelamento. Na elaboração das lingüiças tipo frescal utilizou-se carne de frango branca, escura e pele, adicionados de condimentos naturais e antioxidantes comerciais ou ácido ascórbico. Seis tratamentos e doze formulações foram desenvolvidos, sendo que seis formulações foram de lingüiças tradicionais e seis de lingüiças "light". O tratamento 1 constou de produtos sem adição de antioxidante, denominado controle; o tratamento 2 foi formulado com o antioxidante ácido ascórbico 0,25%; os tratamentos 3, 4 e 5 foram formulados com antioxidantes comercias ("Kraki", "Duas Rodas" e "Adicon", conforme especificações dos fabricantes, e finalmente, o tratamento 6 que constou de formulação idêntica ao tratamento 5, porém adicionado de líquido defumante. As lingüiças foram estocadas a temperatura de refrigeração (5-10°C por 22 dias, e de congelamento (-20°C por 90 dias. Foram determinados na matéria-prima (carne de frango e pele e nas lingüiças armazenadas, os teores de gordura e colesterol. Os resultados mostraram que os teores de colesterol variaram em função da formulação das lingüiças tradicional e "light", apresentando estas, em relação às tradicionais, uma redução significativa destes componentes. A estocagem refrigerada e congelada influenciou significativamente (PThe present research had the purpose of investigating the percentages of fats and cholesterol on chicken sausages processed under the form "light" and "traditional", when submitted to conditions of stockpiling of cooling and freezing. In the elaboration of sausages was used white and dark chicken meat and skin, added of natural, commercial antioxidant seasonings and ascorbic acid. Six treatments and twelve formulations were

  1. Impact of Gobi desert dust on aerosol chemistry of Xi'an, inland China during spring 2009: differences in composition and size distribution between the urban ground surface and the mountain atmosphere

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. H. Wang

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Composition and size distribution of atmospheric aerosols from Xi'an city (~400 m, altitude in inland China during the spring of 2009 including a massive dust event on 24 April were measured and compared with a parallel measurement at the summit (2060 m, altitude of Mt. Hua, an alpine site nearby Xi'an. EC (elemental carbon, OC (organic carbon and major ions in the city were 2–22 times higher than those on the mountaintop during the whole sampling period. Compared to that in the non-dust period a sharp increase in OC was observed at both sites during the dust period, which was mainly caused by an input of biogenic organics from the Gobi desert. However, adsorption/heterogeneous reaction of gaseous organics with dust was another important source of OC in the urban, contributing 22% of OC in the dust event. In contrast to the mountain atmosphere where fine particles were less acidic when dust was present, the urban fine particles became more acidic in the dust event than in the non-dust event, mainly due to enhanced heterogeneous formation of nitrate and diluted NH3. Cl and NO3 in the urban air during the dust event significantly shifted toward coarse particles. Such redistributions were further pronounced on the mountaintop when dust was present, resulting in both ions almost entirely staying in coarse particles. On the contrary, no significant spatial difference in size distribution of SO42− was found between the urban ground surface and the mountain atmosphere, which dominated in the fine mode (<2.1 μm during the nonevent and comparably distributed in the fine (<2.1 μm and coarse (>2.1 μm modes during the dust event.

  2. Especulaciones lingüísticas sobre el hebreo en la España del siglo XVI y principios del XVII

    OpenAIRE

    Perea Siller, Francisco Javier

    2003-01-01

    Las especulaciones en torno a la lengua hebrea durante el siglo XVI y principios del XVII en España arrojan luz sobre algunos temas principales de la reflexión lingüística de la época: el origen del lenguaje y la identidad de la lengua primitiva, el carácter motivado o arbitrario de las lenguas, el parentesco entre las lenguas primitivas y actuales, y el problema de la lengua más antigua de España. Se han tratado estos temas, dividiendo la tesis en dos partes: la primera analiza las discusion...

  3. Actitudes lingüísticas en Uruguay. Tensiones entre la variedad y la identidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth García de los Santos

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Montevideo hacia al español de Uruguay y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigaciones (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados presentan el grado de identificación de los hablantes frente a su variedad del español (creencias, lealtad hacia la norma propia y las actitudes de los hablantes respecto a las variedades entendidas como de mayor o menor prestigio; se encuentran ciertas regularidades en las causas que determinan estas actitudes. El estudio analizar el grado de tolerancia a las diferencias lingüísticas de acuerdo a distintos géneros discursivos (noticias de radio y televisión, información telefónica, publicidades y los resultados muestran que el contexto y el medio de comunicación son importantes para la manera en la que el hablante reacciona al uso del lenguaje. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish-speakers from Montevideo towards Spanish spoken in Uruguay and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results describe the degree of identification of the speakers with their own variety of Spanish (beliefs, loyalty to the norm and their attitudes toward linguistic varieties of high or low prestige, and the findings

  4. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. Wenfeng Luo1 Xiaoxia Zhao2 Shuyuan Lv1 Haiyan Zhu1. School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710121, China; School of Physics and Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China ...

  5. Actitudes lingüísticas hacia el castellano en Bolivia. Entre la fidelidad y la conciencia lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Juana Aguilar

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de La Paz, hacia al español de Bolivia y el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en La Paz, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En análisis muestra, en general, una actitud positiva de parte de los hablantes bolivianos hacia su propia variedad de habla española. Se concluye también que los entrevistados son conscientes de que existen diversas variantes del español, no solamente dentro de su país, sino también fuera de este, las cuales reconocen como diferentes entre sí y las que no perciben como incorrectas o correctas, mejores o peores que otras. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from La Paz, towards Spanish spoken in Bolivia and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in La Paz, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The analysis shows, in general, that Spanish speakers in Bolivia have a positive attitude towards their own variety of the language. It is also shown that the interviewees are aware that there are other varieties of the Spanish language, not only in their country, but also in the other Spanish-speaking countries. They do not characterize these varieties as incorrect or correct, better or worse, but only consider them as different from the others.

  6. Effects of modern and ancient human activities on mercury in the environment in Xi'an area, Shannxi Province, P.R. China

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin Yongqing; Wang Xiaojuan; Lu Julia; Zhang Chengxiao; Duan Qingbo

    2008-01-01

    Samples of water, soil, sediment, and pomegranate were collected from Xi'an and the Qinshihuang Mausoleum in Shaanxi Province, China to assess the effects of human activities on mercury in the environment. The total mercury concentrations ranged from 3.9 to 992.7 ng L -1 for the water samples, 40.6 to 2204.0 ng g -1 for the soil samples, 14.2 to 376.7 ng g -1 for the sediment samples, and 0.22 to 1.74 ng g -1 for the pomegranates samples. The higher values in the water samples collected from the rivers closer to and downstream of the city resulted from wastewater discharges. The effects of the mercury buried in the Qinshihuang Mausoleum thousands of years ago on the environment were neither significant nor widespread. Immediate actions should be taken to stop the direct and continuous discharges of industrial and residential wastewaters to prevent mercury and other pollutants from accumulating and spreading in the area. - Urban activities are sources of mercury to the environment and the pomegranates grown over the burial mound of the Qinshihuang Mausoleum are not mercury-contaminated

  7. Incremento de la competencia lingüística en dos sujetos con parálisis cerebral mediante el dispositivo Makey-Makey

    OpenAIRE

    Calleja-Reina, Marina; Luque-Liñán, María Luisa; Liranza Grajales, Ana Isabel

    2015-01-01

    Incremento de la competencia lingüística en dos sujetos con Parálisis Cerebral mediante el dispositivo Makey-Makey. Un estudio de caso Las personas con PC presentan un riesgo considerable de sufrir problemas de comunicación. Estos problemas de comunicación pueden surgir a consecuencia de déficits en el control motor del habla, en la cognición, en el lenguaje, en la percepción/sensación o una combinación de todos ellos (Hustad & Miles, 2010). En este trabajo se muestran dos casos de Parális...

  8. [Textual research on Chen Ye and his Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes) of the Song Dynasty].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xuedan; Zhang, Ruqing; Chen, Dexing

    2014-01-01

    Chen Ye, an official of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as Chen Rihua as his styled name, was born in Changle, Fuzhou in the reign of Shaoxing, and died during the reign of Duanping. He had been consecutively in the positions of Jiang shi lang (Court Gentleman for Ceremonial Service), Zhi zhou (Prefect) of Lingding, the Ti xing (Judicial Commissioner) of Guangdong, the Zong ling (Overseer-general) of Sichuan, Shan ding (Reviser), Shu lin and other positions in Tongzhou, Yuanzhou. His works included 1 volume of Gu ling xian sheng nian pu (Mr. Guling's Chronological Biography), 1 volume of Tan xie (On Humor), 1 volume of Shi hua (Poetry), 8 volumes of Jin yuan li shu (Jin Yuan's Smart Technique), 3 volumes of Yi jian zhi lei bian (Classified Compilation of Yijian's Annals), (Zeng guang) Suo sui lu (Augmented Records of Trivial Matters), 5 volumes of Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes). He also compiled the 8-volume Yin jiang zhi (Yinjiang's Annals), published the 2-volume Jia cang ji yao fang (Collected Essential Recipes from Family Preservation), and other proses and poetry. Jia cang jing yan fang was a formulary compiled by Chen Ye, which was lost. Altogether 74 of its recipes were cited in Fu ren da quan liang fang (Complete Effective Prescriptions for Women's Diseases), Shou qin yang lao shu (A Book for Pursuing Seniors' Longevity and Healthcare), Pu ji fang (Prescriptions for Universal Relief) and Yong le da dian (Yongle Encyclopedia).

  9. El papel de los estudios lingüísticos en la investigación psicosocial : el caso de las pasiones y los sentimientos

    OpenAIRE

    Harré, Rom

    2002-01-01

    Entendiendo la conversación como el modelo principal para comprender los episodios sociales, este trabajo pretende plantear un nuevo paradigma en psicología social y explorar sus aportaciones en la investigación psicosocial. Las destrezas lingüísticas se presentan como el medio a partir del cual se construyen los episodios sociales, y conceptos como acción, acto y posición son planteados como conceptos útiles para entender la vida cotidiana. A continuación se intenta desarrollar la aplicabili...

  10. Vertical distribution of optical and microphysical properties of smog aerosols measured by multi-wavelength polarization lidar in Xi'an, China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di, Huige; Hua, Hangbo; Cui, Yan; Hua, Dengxin; He, Tingyao; Wang, Yufeng; Yan, Qing

    2017-02-01

    In this study, a multi-wavelength polarization lidar was developed at the Lidar Center for Atmosphere Remote Sensing, in Xi'an, China to study the vertical distribution of the optical and microphysical properties of smog aerosols. To better understand smog, two events with different haze conditions observed in January 2015 were analyzed in detail. Using these data, we performed a vertical characterization of smog evolution using the lidar range-squared-corrected signal and the aerosol depolarization ratio. Using inversion with regularization, we retrieved the vertical distribution of aerosol microphysical properties, including volume size distribution, volume concentration, number concentration and effective radius. We also used the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to analyze aerosol sources during the two episodes. Our results show that the most polluted area in the lower troposphere during smog episodes is located below a height of 1 km above the ground level; under more severe smog conditions, it can be below 0.5 km. In the case of severe smog, we found a large number of spherical and fine particles concentrated in the very low troposphere, even below 0.5 km. Surprisingly, a dust layer with a slight depolarization ratio was observed above the smog layer.

  11. Actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes de Managua, Nicaragua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zobeyda Catalina Zamora Úbeda

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Managua, hacia al español de Nicaragua y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico, en la capital del país. Esta investigación acerca de las actitudes lingüísticas hacia el español de Nicaragua y el de los demás países de habla hispana es la primera de su tipo en el país. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que mayoritariamente se nombra español a la lengua que se habla. El español de la capital es el que más les agrada a los entrevistados y estos lo perciben como un habla muy similar a la de la región del Pacífico. Por otro lado, el habla de la región Central se considera diferente y no gusta tanto. En lo relacionado con las variantes hispanoamericanas, consideran que el español peninsular es bastante correcto mientras que el de Costa Rica no lo es. A pesar de este hecho, los datos muestran que hay señales de que los nicaragüenses sienten una creciente autoestima por su propia variante de la lengua española. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from the city of Managua, towards Spanish spoken in Nicaragua and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Norwegian Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This research study of language

  12. Actitudes lingüísticas en Panamá. Incursión en la percepción sociolingüística y la valoración de la lengua por los hispanohablantes panameños

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tarahy Tinoco

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de Panamá hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. La necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios sobre actitudes lingüísticas en Panamá ha resultado imperiosa, puesto que las investigaciones de esa naturaleza son escasas. Este trabajo es el primero en estudiar la percepción que tienen los panameños sobre su lengua, el español hablado en Panamá, de las variantes dialectales americanas, de la peninsular, y su conciencia lingüística sobre la unidad de la lengua española y la corrección lingüística. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Panama City towards Spanish spoken in the country, and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The need to carry out studies on linguistic attitudes in Panama has been very important because this type of studies is scarce in the country. This research study is the first to analyze the perceptions of Panamanian citizens towards their own variety: Spanish spoken in Panama, as well as their perceptions of the American and peninsular varieties of Spanish, and of their awareness of language unity and linguistic correctness.

  13. Contamination characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in topsoil from an area in Xi'an city, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Xiuduan; Lu, Xinwei

    2018-04-30

    As soil-extractable elements potentially pose ecological and health risks, identifying their contamination characteristics and sources is crucial. Therefore, to understand topsoil trace elements in the urban ring zone from the Second Ring Road to the Third Ring of Xi'an city in China, we determined the concentrations of Zn, Co, V, As, Cu, Mn, Ba, Ni and Pb, and analyzed the sources of the contamination. The results showed that the individual pollution indices of Pb, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba, Ni, Mn, As, and V were 1.79, 1.48, 1.41, 1.33, 1.20, 1.07, 1.04, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively. Evaluation with the aid of the pollution load index (PLI) indicated slight soil contamination by these elements in the study area. Using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method, we identified four sources of contamination, namely (1) a natural source, (2) traffic emission source, (3) industrial emission source, and (4) mixed source. PMF is an effective tool for source apportionment of heavy metals in topsoil. The contribution rates of the natural source, traffic source, mixed source, and industrial source to the heavy metal contamination were specified as 25.04%, 24.71%, 24.99%, and 25.26%, respectively. Considering the above, any attempt to reduce the soil environmental cost of urban development, has to take into account the heavy metal contamination of the topsoil from industries, traffic, and other activities. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. El cuerpo en la lingüística cognitiva. La metáfora conceptual y el embodiment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Soledad Gonzalez

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo da cuenta del modo en el que la lingüística cognitiva aborda el tema del cuerpo en relación con el lenguaje, entendido este como un correlato del pensamiento. Uno de los ejes de abordaje del lenguaje que caracteriza a este enfoque teórico es el de la metáfora conceptual, noción postulada por Lakoff y Johnson (2001. Los autores conciben la metáfora como un fenómeno del pensamiento que se refleja en el lenguaje, que está omnipresente en la vida cotidiana y que permite la estructuración de la experiencia. La experiencia a la que hacen referencia es, fundamentalmente, corporal. La influencia de la experiencia corporal en la conceptualización recibe el nombre de embodiment o embodied mind (Lakoff, 1987: 12.

  15. Prevalence and predictors of mild cognitive impairment in Xi'an: a community-based study among the elders.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiangni Su

    Full Text Available Mild cognitive impairment (MCI is an intermediate stage between normal cognitive function and dementia among aging individuals. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of MCI and explore the possible risk factors including gender disparities among community-dwelling older individuals. The study was conducted in Xi'an, China. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 815 individuals, 60 years and older were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Cognitive function was measured using the mini-mental status examination (MMSE, the Chinese version of the Dementia Rating Scales (CDRS was used to apply the diagnostic of non-dementia, and activities of daily living (ADL and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL systems were used to functional status. The association between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of chronic diseases and MCI were evaluated separately for men and women using the Pearson χ²-test and binary logistic regression. Of the 815 community-dwelling individuals, 145 were found to have MCI. Overall, the prevalence of MCI was 18.5%, with a prevalence of 19.6% in women (105/535, and 15.3% (40/261 in men. The results of the binary logistical regression analysis indicated that age and history of stroke were associated with MCI in men. For women, the risk factors were lower level of educational and lack of religious attendance. Results suggested that the factors capable of influencing MCI differed profoundly between older men and older women. For this reason, different preventative measures should be adopted to delay or reverse cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older men and women.

  16. El Sesgo Lingüístico y los Estereotipos de Género: La Maternidad para las Mujeres no Madres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Consuelo Paterna

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio del rol maternal desde la perspectiva de género, viene confirmando la reproducción de los estereotipos sexuales. El presente estudio analiza la representación social de la maternidad y no-maternidad en una muestra de 90 mujeres no madres con empleo. Un análisis de contenido y la aplicación del modelo de categorías lingüísticas fueron usados para analizar las respuestas producidas en una tarea de asociación libre. Los datos muestran que las participantes producen un estereotipo positivo de la maternidad y negativo de la no-maternidad. Los resultados se comentan con relación a otros estudios realizados con madres en los que se obtienen datos similares

  17. Transferencia de procedimientos de investigación lingüística a la enseñanza de la lengua materna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez Prieto Ana Cristina

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available

    A partir de la metodología de investigación adoptada para establecer el grado de desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en lengua materna de niños en diferentes grados de escolaridad, el presente documento introduce una serie de pautas metodológicas para incrementar dicha competencia. El principio básico de esta metodología es la producción y comprensión de textos orales y escritos de diverso tipo, una vez se haya establecido el conocimiento ideativo, lingüístico y expresivo (Coseríu, 1991 que posee el niño, conjunto de saberes que constituyen su competencia comunicativa.

  18. El procesamiento informático de los materiales del Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica de Tomás Navarro Tomás

    OpenAIRE

    García Mouton, Pilar

    2010-01-01

    Estas páginas dan noticia de la puesta en marcha de un proyecto intramural del CSIC para elaborar y editar definitivamente, en soporte informático, los materiales del Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica, que Tomás Navarro Tomás dirigió en la primera mitad del siglo XX.

  19. Pulau Ling: an important seabird hotspot on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdulmaula Hamza

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Pulau Ling is a small rocky island located to the south of Pulau Redang, forming with other southeast small islands, the Redang Archipelago, in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. The island was highlighted in the early 1950s as an important seabird site, although little was then known on the status of seabirds on the island. Field visits were made between May 2015 and September 2015 to assess the importance of this small island to seabird species. Four tern species were identified: two of them, black-naped tern Sterna sumatrana and bridled tern Onychoprion anaethetus, were found to breed there, while the other two species, great crested tern Thalasseus bergii and roseate tern Sterna dougallii were found to use the island as a stopover site without any evidence of breeding. Furthermore, the Pacific Eastern Reef egret Egretta sacra (the black morph, was also found to breed on the island. Other species encountered included white-bellied sea eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (recorded once in June 2015, soaring over the island. These preliminary data show the importance of such small rocky outcrops for tropical breeding and migrating seabirds, where food availability and lack of disturbance may be the two main drivers for diversity and survival.

  20. Primeras aproximaciones a la anotación lingüístico-ontológica de documentos de Web Semántica: OntoTag

    OpenAIRE

    Aguado de Cea, G.; Álvarez de Mon Rego, I.; Pareja-Lora, A.

    2003-01-01

    A instancias de lo que se ha dado en llamar la Web Semántica, la Inteligencia Artificial ha investigado exhaustivamente la anotación semántica de páginas web. La anotación (semántica) de textos se desarrolló primeramente en la Lingüística de Corpus; sin embargo, la Inteligencia Artificial, al centrarse en una anotación basada en ontologías, parece haber pasado por alto sus resultados. Este artículo muestra nuestras primeras experiencias en la integración de ambos campos, según las cuales una ...

  1. Long-lived radionuclides as chronometers and tracers of environmental processes at the Xi'an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry center

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, W.; Hou, X.; Du, Y.; Kong, X.; Cheng, P.; Zhang, L.; Fan, Y.; Zhang, L.; Niu, Z.; Dong, G.; Chen, N.; Li, M.; Zhu, Y.

    2017-12-01

    Long-lived radionuclides with half-lives ranging from 103 to 108 years have wide applications in geochronology and environmental tracer studies. A wide range of climatic, geologic, and environmental records preserved in diverse natural archives can be characterized by measuring their concentrations, using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Relying on the operation of the Xi'an 3 MV multi-element AMS since 2006, multi-radionuclides such as 14C, 10Be, 26Al, and 129I have been widely used for the above studies. Here some representative works on the four radionuclides can be briefly summarized as (1) we have successfully obtained temporal and spatial distribution of fossil fuel CO2 in certain cities in China by analyzing Δ14C from atmospheric CO2 and one year growth plants respectively, providing direct scientific data for government's emission cutting policy; (2) we have mathematically disentangled geomagnetic field and precipitation signals in Chinese loess 10Be, and firstly confirmed that the timing of Brunhes-Matuyama (B/M) reversal in loess was synchronous with that of marine sediments; (3) we have explored the paired in situ 10Be and 26Al double dating methodology for exposure dating, which has been successfully applied in fluvial terraces investigations in Tibet and glacial evolution tracing in East Antarctica; and (4) we have evaluated the radiation risk after Fukushima nuclear accident based on the 129I observation. All the above mentioned progress has opened up the new directions in AMS applications and we hope to show more new results in the near future.

  2. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Fcc metals; surface segregation; modified analytic embedded-atom method and surface energy. ... College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710062, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian ...

  3. Lingüística de interações moleculares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romeu Cardoso Guimarães

    1991-12-01

    Full Text Available As moléculas biológicas mais interessantes são longos polímeros. Em analogia com a linguagem humana alfabética, estes podem ser chamados de textos, e analisados, quanto à estrutura primária, como sequência de letras (monômeros; como nucleotídeos, aminoácidos, etc. ou de palavras (códigos de oligômeros, de até 5-6 letras. Considera-se que o estudo das palavras, em abordagem de tipo lingüístico, possa contribuir para o entendimento das interações (comunicações moleculares. As linguagens e dialetos, moleculares e humanos, são contrastados. A linguagem molecular se distingue peculiarmente da humana, por exemplo, por utilizar forma tridimensional, dinâmica temporal, ausência de espaçamento e pontuação, e sobreposição de significados. Apresenta-se um método matemático para descoberta, de palavras em textos. A palavra AAA (trinca de adeninas foi estudada na evolução do RNA ribossômico 5S. Observou-se que esta palavra é mais freqüente em organismos menos complexos e menos freqüente nos mais complexos, das linhagens de fungos, plantas e vertebrados. Nas duas últimas, reduziu-se também o grau de variabilidade gênica. Pelo contrário, grau moderado de freqüência da palavra persistiu em toda a linhagem dos invertebrados, com manutenção paralela de alto nível de variabilidade gênica. Nas mitocôndrias, plastídeos e micoplasmas, a freqüência da palavra AAA foi aumentada, de acordo com sua necessidade de interações com maior amplitude de variação. Esses comportamentos indicam que a palavra monótona AAA permite ambigüidade de interações. Com a evolução da complexidade orgânica e da maior especificidade molecular, as palavras ambíguas foram progressivamente evitadas.

  4. Actitudes Lingüísticas en España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aitor Yraola

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Madrid hacia al español de España y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. Este artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la alta autoestima de Castilla y Madrid como puntos referenciales del idioma español y la apreciación positiva de su propia variante, mientras que hacia las regiones del Norte y del Sur presentan actitudes negativas. Respecto de los países hispanoamericanos, resultaron conocidas y apreciadas las hablas de Colombia, Argentina y Chile. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Madrid towards Spanish spoken in Spain and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results presented in this article reflect the high self-esteem of Castile and Madrid as central references of the Spanish language, and the positive attitude towards their spoken variety of the language, while the regions of Northern and Southern Spain are perceived in a negative way. Regarding the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, Spanish spoken in Colombia, Argentina and Chile is appreciated.

  5. Prácticas preprofesionales en la carrera de Idiomas y Lingüística de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí: fortalezas y debilidades

    OpenAIRE

    Chávez Loor, María Dolores; Ortiz Cárdenas, Tania

    2016-01-01

    En este artículo se exponen los resultados de un estudio realizado en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2015 sobre las prácticas preprofesionales que se desarrollan en la carrera de Idiomas y Lingüística de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Primeramente, se hizo un análisis de los documentos normativos que regulan este tipo de actividad docente y, con posterioridad, se realizó un taller con estudiantes y profesores de prácticas preprofesionales de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias...

  6. Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: Seasonal variations and sources

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, T.; Cao, J. J.; Tie, X. X.; Shen, Z. X.; Liu, S. X.; Ding, H.; Han, Y. M.; Wang, G. H.; Ho, K. F.; Qiang, J.; Li, W. T.

    2011-10-01

    Daily PM 2.5 and water-soluble inorganic ions (Na +, NH 4+, K +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Cl -, NO 3- and SO 42-) were collected in Xi'an (34.23°N, 108.88°E), China from March 2006 to March 2007. PM 2.5 was collected using battery-powered mini-volume samplers. And the ions were determined by ion chromatography from the measured aerosol mass. The annual average mass concentration of PM 2.5 was found to be 194.1 ± 78.6 μg m - 3 , which exceeded substantially the international guidelines for health concerns. The seasonal average mass concentration of PM 2.5 was highest in winter (266.8 μg m - 3 ) and lowest in summer (138.6 μg m - 3 ). The three highest abundant ions were SO 42-, NO 3-, and NH 4+, with average concentrations of 35.6 ± 19.5 μg m - 3 , 16.4 ± 10.1 μg m - 3 , and 11.4 ± 6.8 μg m - 3 , which were accounted for 18.7%, 8.0%, and 5.7% of the PM 2.5 mass, respectively. The major ions were in the species of (NH 4) 2SO 4, NH 4HSO 4 and NH 4NO 3, and their concentrations were highest in winter, due to high coal combustion. The concentrations of Ca 2+ were higher in spring than other seasons, due to the higher mineral dust concentrations. Ca 2+ was strongly correlated with CO 32-, which was calculated as the difference in the measured cations minus anions. Ion balance calculations indicate that the PM 2.5 was acidic, and this result is consistent with the measurement of pH values. Sulfur oxidation ratio was higher in summer and autumn, which implies that the formation of secondary sulfate-rich particles is favored by warm and relatively moist weather. Nitrogen oxidation ratio was highest in autumn.

  7. Treatment of muscular rheumatism with 99Tc-MDP (one case report)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Jincheng

    2001-01-01

    Objective: To observe the value of using Yun Ke ( 99 Tc-MDP) to cure muscular rheumatism. Methods: A 10 years old male patient was diagnosed with muscular rheumatism. His symptoms were wandering and muscular pain and tenderness at lumbosacral region, abdomen and double crus. He was given therapy with Yun Ke everyday, intravenous injection of 5 mg for 30 days. Results: After intravenous injection of Yun Ke within 8 to 72 hours, the pain in the left crus, the lumbosacral portion and the right crus was reduced in respective order. Finally, the pain disappeared, and only the abdominal pain remained. Between 6 and 30 days, the area of abdominal pain reduced little by little to the size of 1.0 x 1.0 cm 2 , which was beside the navel. On the 33 rd day after the initial treatment, we injected him in the previous mentioned area with prednisone and the pain disappeared. Conclusion: Yun Ke ( 99 Tc-MDP) is a new medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, and we believe muscular rheumatism is a new indication of Yun Ke

  8. Exploring Northwest China's agricultural water-saving strategy: analysis of water use efficiency based on an SE-DEA model conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mu, L; Fang, L; Wang, H; Chen, L; Yang, Y; Qu, X J; Wang, C Y; Yuan, Y; Wang, S B; Wang, Y N

    Worldwide, water scarcity threatens delivery of water to urban centers. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is often recommended to reduce water demand, especially in water-scarce areas. In this paper, agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is examined using the super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in Xi'an in Northwest China at a temporal and spatial level. The grey systems analysis technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. From the perspective of temporal scales, the AWUE increased year by year during 2004-2012, and the highest (2.05) was obtained in 2009. Additionally, the AWUE was the best in the urban area at the spatial scale. Moreover, the key influencing factors of the AWUE are the financial situations and agricultural water-saving technology. Finally, we identified several knowledge gaps and proposed water-saving strategies for increasing AWUE and reducing its water demand by: (1) improving irrigation practices (timing and amounts) based on compatible water-saving techniques; (2) maximizing regional WUE by managing water resources and allocation at regional scales as well as enhancing coordination among Chinese water governance institutes.

  9. Detección de dificultades comunicativo-lingüísticas en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de niños/as nacidos prematuros con un peso menor a 1501 gramos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Coronado Marín

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación pretende contribuir al conocimiento del perfil educativo en cuanto al rendimiento e identificar nuevas morbilidades en la etapa escolar de los recién nacidos prematuros menores de 1501 gramos nacidos en el año 2000 en el Hospital Universitario La Paz de Madrid. Para ello, desde un abordaje interdisciplinar, realizamos un estudio cuasi experimental, prospectivo y de corte transversal, con una muestra de 44 participantes. Se evaluó el lenguaje mediante la prueba BLOC-SR obteniéndose unos resultados que muestran un perfil comunicativo-lingüístico bajo, además de una tasa de repetición de curso del 36%. Los datos muestran correlaciones positivas entre variables biomédicas, como peso al nacimiento, edad gestacional, talla o APGAR y variables psicoeducativas. Concluimos que los participantes en nuestro estudio muestran mayor tendencia a presentar dificultades en el área comunicativo-lingüística a esta edad cronológica. Paralelamente se ha encontrado influencia de factores biomédicos en el lenguaje, configurándolo como una de las nuevas morbilidades relacionadas con la prematuridad.

  10. Immunosuppression in Graves' ophthalmopathy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tian Rong; Kuang Anren; Qin Weishi; Zhang Huimin

    2000-01-01

    Objective: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is a disease that seriously threatens the health of patients. But up to now, no optimal therapies have been established. Immunosuppressive treatment is usually used in the management of GO, but they may cause side effects. Recently, 99 Tc-MDP, commercially named 'Yun Ke', is used in the management of autoimmune disease. Therefore, a randomized trial was done to compare the values in the treatment of GO with between Yun Ke and immunosuppression. Methods: 42 consecutive patients with moderate or severe GO were randomly assigned to receive either Yun Ke therapy or immunosuppressive therapy. The degree of ocular involvement and responses to the treatment were evaluated by numerical scoring (ophthalmopathy index, OI) and clinical assessment. Therapy outcome was assessed 4 months after the start of treatment by the change in the highest NOSPECS class and OI. Data analysis was performed with the SPASS statistic software. Chi-square test was used to compare percentages, logistic regression was performed to identify which variables might correlated with the treatment outcome. Results: The remarkably effective outcome was observed in 14 (67%) cases in immunosuppression treated group and 13 (62%) cases in Yun Ke treated group. There were no significant differences in the degree of improvements in ocular involvements. There was a marked decrease of thyroid antibody titres in both groups. The variables found to correlated significantly with treatment outcome were thyroid antibody titres and GO activity. Side effects were more frequent and severe during immunosuppressive therapy. No side effects were found during Yun Ke treatment. Conclusion: Yun Ke and immunosuppression appeared to be equally effective in the management of GO, but Yun Ke is safer for patients during treatment

  11. Estimación de la inteligencia lingística-verbal y lógico-matemática según el género y la ubicación geográfica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aida Sandoval

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio forma parte del proyecto de investigación Estimación de la Inteligencia Implícita relacionada con el Género, la Educación y la Cultura del Venezolano que se está desarrollando a nivel nacional, con la finalidad de analizar de manera comparativa la estimación que sobre su propia inteligencia, realizaron los habitantes de las ciudades de Valera-La Puerta, Maracaibo, Caracas y Puerto Ordaz-Caripe, pertenecientes tanto a la zona rural como urbana y de acuerdo con las teorías implícitas de la inteligencia, lo que las personas de diferente género y ubicación geográfica, estiman sobre su funcionamiento intelectual lingístico-verbal y lógico-matemático. A tal efecto se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, empírica, de campo con una muestra accidental, intencional. Basado en las teorías implícitas de la inteligencia y las teorías de las inteligencias múltiples de Gardner, se tomaron en cuenta para efectos de la investigación las inteligencias lingística-verbal y lógico-matemática de los habitantes de estas ciudades. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la aplicación del cuestionario Estimación de la inteligencia realizado por Añez, González, González, Lauretti, y Sandoval (2011 dirigido a padres y madres. En esta investigación se utilizó el siguiente baremo: 1 Retrasado, 2 Inteligencia Muy Baja, 3 Inteligencia Baja, 4 Inteligencia Media, 5 Inteligencia Alta, 6 Inteligencia Muy Alta, 7 Superdotado. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que tanto hombres como mujeres se estimaron con capacidades lingísticas-verbales y lógico-matemáticas entre los niveles de inteligencia Alta y Media, en las poblaciones estudiadas.

  12. O termo estratégia: um conceito útil para a lingüística aplicada?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Robert Schmitz

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    O termo estratégia é usado em certos casos na literatura especializada de lingüística aplicada sem muita precisão, pois, para alguns pesquisadores, ele é uma técnica; para outros, é método, de ensino e, para outros ainda, refere-se aos hábitos de estudo ou estilo cognitivo dos aprendizes. Outro problema é a pletora de estratégias propostas sem rigor na demarcação de diferenças: estratégias de comunicação (communication strategies, estratégias de aprendizagem (learning strategies, estratégias de aquisição (acquisition strategies e estratégias de ensino (teaching strategies. Apesar desses problemas, as pesquisas na área de estratégias são promissoras, já que o treinamento explícito em sua utilização ensina os aprendizes a: (i saber usar novas estratégias, (ii avaliar a eficiência de diferentes tipos; e (iii decidir quando é procedente transferir uma determinada estratégia para uma nova situação.

  13. Debate sobre la indeterminación de la traducción lingüística propuesta por W.V. Quine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrzej Lukomski

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo pretende invitar a una discusión frente a la pro - puesta de Quine, quien plantea la hipótesis de la indeterminación de la traducción lingüística. El debate que se libró alrededor de esta hipótesis quisiera trasladarlo al campo de las ciencias naturales con el fin de buscar la fundamentación de un nuevo sistema de racionalidad, que permite superar el modelo positivista de las ciencias naturales, el cual, con sus suposiciones reduccionistas, obstaculiza el trabajo interdisciplinar que se propone en los tiempos de globalización. En la propuesta quiniana, a mi modo de ver, podemos encontrar valiosos elementos teóricos que abren las posibilidades a nuevos paradigmas de la ciencia.

  14. Knowledge of HIV and willingness to conduct oral rapid HIV testing among dentists in Xi'an China.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lirong Wang

    Full Text Available China is considered a country of low HIV prevalence (780,000 people living with HIV, however, HIV infections among high-risk populations continue to grow at alarming rates. Voluntary Counseling and Testing services were first implemented in 2003, and oral rapid HIV testing (ORHT began in 2012. Dentists, as oral health experts, would be well placed to conduct ORHT. We assessed willingness of dentists to undertake ORHT in their clinical practice.A cross-sectional, paper-based survey of dentists from the Xi'an region of China was conducted from April to June 2013. Dentists were recruited from Shaanxi Stomatological Association using a stratified sampling methodology. A 40-item survey was used to measure knowledge of HIV, attitudes toward people living with HIV and willingness to conduct ORHT.477 dentists completed the survey with a mean HIV knowledge test score of 13.2/18 (SD 1.9. If made available in the dental setting, 276 (57.9% preferred to use blood to diagnose HIV, only 190 (39.8% preferred saliva or both. Four hundred and thirty-five (91.2% thought that ORHT was needed in dental clinics. Female dentists felt more accepting of ORHT than males (93.8% vs. 87.8%; χ2=5.145; p<0.05. 42.6% of the participants who responded thought that lack of education on ORHT for dentists was the most urgent problem to solve for ORHT, 144 (31.3% thought that lack of support for ORHT from patients was the most urgent problem. There was statistically significant difference among dental hospital, dentistry and department of dentistry (χ2=24.176; p<0.05.The majority of Chinese dentists thought that ORHT was needed in the dental setting. Providing opportunities for dentists and dental students to learn about HIV testing guidelines and practices is needed as well as feasibility and implementation science research.

  15. Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Jie; Shang, Suhang; Li, Pei; Deng, Meiying; Chen, Chen; Jiang, Yu; Dang, Liangjun; Qu, Qiumin

    2017-09-08

    Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. Data for the study consisted of 1,782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi'an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]=9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305-62.979; P=.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR=0.969; 95%CI 0.939-0.999; P=.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40-65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 (P=.044), whereas in the>65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 (P=.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR>1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  16. Actitudes lingüísticas en República Dominicana. Conciencia e identidad lingüísticas en la ciudad de Santo Domingo

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    Glennys Miguelina Serverino Cerda

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Santo Domingo hacia al español de la República Dominicana y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 401 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran el nivel de identificación que tienen los dominicanos sobre su dialecto, el cual es bajo, ya que solo se prefiere ante circunstancias especiales justificadas por la necesidad de comunicarse y de que el mensaje llegue correctamente. Asimismo se observa que los capitalinos prefieren la propia variante de español y luego las de España, Colombia y Venezuela, pero también se identifican con el habla de los países caribeños vecinos, especialmente con el habla cubana. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish-speakers from Santo Domingo towards Spanish spoken in the Dominican Republic and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 401 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results demonstrate the limited extent to which Dominicans identify with their dialect, as they prefer it only under particular circumstances justified by the necessity of communicating and in order to make sure to get the message correctly across. Similarly the observation was made that people from the capital prefer their own variant of Spanish and thereafter those of Spain, Colombia and

  17. El niño entre cuatro y cinco años: características de su desarrollo socioemocional, psicomotriz y cognitivo-lingüístico

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    Jeanneth Cerdas Núñez

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo corresponde a un perfil teórico del infante costarricense cuya edad oscila entre cuatro y cinco años. Contempla algunas de las características del desarrollo socioemocional, psicomotriz y cognitivo-lingüístico de esta población. Su propósito es enriquecer el Programa de Estudio del Ciclo Materno Infantil propuesto por el Ministerio de Educación Pública, brindando al docente que atiende infantes del Grupo Interactivo II, información básica que le permita identificar la etapa del desarrollo en que se encuentran estos niños, de manera que les pueda ofrecer un proceso educativo acorde a sus necesidades e intereses. La caracterización que se expone se definió con el aporte de diversos especialistas en el campo de la salud y la educación. Razón por la cual los datos presentados no estuvieron sujetos a estandarización alguna, sino que se describen con base en el conocimiento y la experiencia de cada uno de los profesionales citados. Se complementa la información con la teoría que aporta la bibliografía existente con respecto al desarrollo del niño. Para efectos de presentación, el perfil que se describe se ha dividido en cuatro apartados: características generales del desarrollo físico, área socioemocional, área psicomotriz y área cognitivo-lingüística

  18. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Yuhong Zhang1 2 Keqing Lu1 Jianbang Guo1 Xuewen Long1 Xiaohong Hu1 Kehao Li1. State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119 China; School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, ...

  19. Development of a machine for sorting laundry according to its radioactive contamination (1962); Conception et mise en oeuvre d'une machine a trier le linge en fonction de sa contamination par des produits radioactifs (1962)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cohendy, G; Alles, M; Pellerin, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre de Production de Plutonium, Marcoule (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1962-07-01

    A the Marcoule Plutonium Production Centre special clothing is worn, in the active zones. A large fraction of these clothes is contaminated and must therefore be subjected to specialised treatments during washing in order to be reintroduced subsequently without danger. Because of the large amount of clothes to be treated it has become necessary to install a special semi-automatic machine; the role of the operator is limited to placing the clothing in the machine and to removing the baskets of sorted clothes. The machine itself has been designed and built by the Mechanics Section. The Radiation Protection Service chose the sorting method which is based on {beta} radiation and uses Geiger counters actuating an appropriate electronic system; the Service also developed this system, depending on the various degrees of contamination of the treated clothing. (authors) [French] Le Centre de Production de Plutonium de Marcoule utilise des vetements speciaux pour travailler dans les zones actives. Une proportion importante de ces vetements se contamine et doit, de ce fait, subir des traitements appropries au cours du lavage, de facon a pouvoir etre reintroduits sans danger dans le circuit d'utilisation. Devant l'importance des quantites a traiter, il est apparu necessaire de mettre en place une machine speciale, semi-automatique; le role de l'operateur, consiste en effet uniquement a introduire le linge dans la machine et a extraire de celle-ci les paniers de linge trie. La Section de Mecanique a concu et realise la machine proprement dite. Le Service de Protection contre les Radiations a choisi le mode de tri qui s'effectue en {beta} a l'aide de compteurs Geiger actionnant une electronique appropriee et a assure la mise au point de cette electronique, en fonction des divers degres de contamination du linge a trier. (auteurs)

  20. A 10-year observation of PM2.5-bound nickel in Xi'an, China: Effects of source control on its trend and associated health risks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Hongmei; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Cao, Junji; Guinot, Benjamin; Kan, Haidong; Shen, Zhenxing; Ho, Kin Fai; Liu, Suixin; Zhao, Zhuzi; Li, Jianjun; Zhang, Ningning; Zhu, Chongshu; Zhang, Qian; Huang, Rujin

    2017-01-24

    This study presents the first long term (10-year period, 2004-2013) datasets of PM 2.5 -bound nickel (Ni) concentration obtained from the daily sample in urban of Xi'an, Northwestern China. The Ni concentration trend, pollution sources, and the potential health risks associated to Ni were investigated. The Ni concentrations increased from 2004 to 2008, but then decreased due to coal consumption reduction, energy structure reconstruction, tighter emission rules and the improvement of the industrial and motor vehicle waste control techniques. With the comparison of distributions between workday and non-workday periods, the effectiveness of local and regional air pollution control policies and contributions of hypothetical Ni sources (industrial and automobile exhausts) were evaluated, demonstrating the health benefits to the populations during the ten years. Mean Ni cancer risk was higher than the threshold value of 10 -6 , suggesting that carcinogenic Ni still was a concern to the residents. Our findings conclude that there are still needs to establish more strict strategies and guidelines for atmospheric Ni in our living area, assisting to balance the relationship between economic growth and environmental conservation in China.

  1. Fundamentos lingüísticos del lenguaje periodístico y jurídico-administrativo. Linguistic foundations of the Journalistic and Juridical-Administrative Language

    OpenAIRE

    Oliva Marañón, Carlos

    2012-01-01

    El lenguaje humano está en constante evolución y el léxico es su repertorio más mutable. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del léxico de la Administración para una mejor comprensión por parte de los ciudadanos. Este lenguaje presenta una idiosincrasia definida, no sólo de léxico, gramática y estilo, sino también de teoría lingüística. Los lenguajes periodístico y jurídico-administrativo constituyen una sinergia entre la lengua global, la lengua general y el lenguaje de especialidad. L...

  2. El género judicial. Materiales para su uso lingüístico / The judicial genre. Materials for its Linguistic study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Ridao Rodrigo

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: El objetivo de este libro es contribuir al estudio del género judicial mediante la utilización de corpus orales. En el ámbito anglosajón, la lingüística forense ha sido una línea de trabajo muy cultivada por diversos investigadores, como lingüistas, sociólogos, psicólogos o traductores; pues nos encontramos ante un campo de análisis interdisciplinar. Estamos convencidos de que en español se han realizado pocos estudios sobre juicios orales debido a las dificultades que conlleva conseguir el corpus. Por ello, en este volumen nos hemos propuesto presentar las transcripciones de doce juicios. Igualmente, en la introducción facilitamos algunos datos relevantes relacionados con el devenir histórico de este género discursivo. A su vez, hacemos una breve presentación del estado de la cuestión. Dentro de la explicación de las variables sociosemióticas que configuran los juicios, destacamos los participantes y las relaciones de poder, así como la distribución del espacio y del tiempo.Abstract: The aim of the following book is to contribute to the study of the judicial genre by using oral corpus of speech. With respect to Anglo-Saxon context, forensic linguistics has been a line of work cultivated by many different researchers, including linguists, sociologists, psychologists, and translators; therefore, we find ourselves among a vast field of interdisciplinary analyses. We are convinced that there have been very few studies conducted regarding trials in Spanish due to the difficulties of obtaining the oral corpus. For that reason, in this volume we have proposed to present the transcriptions of twelve trials. Likewise, in the introduction we provide research relevant to the historic evolution of this field. Shortly after, we make a brief background. Within the explanation of the socio-semiotic variables that shape each trial, we point out the participants and the relevance of power, such as the distribution of space and time.

  3. Representaciones y creencias en torno a la evaluación lingüística del adulto mayor con trastorno cognitivo leve

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Vallés

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Debido a los cambios demográficos que experimenta la población mundial cada día es más frecuente que los equipos de atención en el área de la logopedia deban atender adultos mayores con trastorno cognitivo leve (TCL, es decir, personas que presentan problemas en su memoria y otras funciones mentales, sin que los mismos interfieran con el desarrollo de sus actividades cotidianas (Speling et. al., 2011. Esta situación obliga a desarrollar acciones desde una nueva perspectiva epistemológica, ontológica y metodológica, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo donde las personas mayores de 65 años se pueden enfrentar al aislamiento y la falta de servicios de salud pública, producto de una serie de representaciones negativas en torno al envejecimiento que atentan sobre su calidad de vida y determinan que los programas de formación profesional del logopeda deban abordar temas relacionados con el envejecimiento como proceso complejo y multifactorial. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las representaciones sociales que deban ser consideradas a la hora de elaborar una propuesta de evaluación lingüística dirigida al adulto mayor con TCL desde una perspectiva discursiva que permita el estudio del componente pragmático. Se plantea como alternativa el uso del análisis de la conversación entre pacientes e interlocutores claves como herramienta diagnóstica y la incorporación a los programas de formación profesional en Logopedia de contenidos sobre Psiquiatría, Lingüística Clínica, Geriatría y Gerontología a fin de alcanzar una práctica ajustada a los complejos marcos sociales donde se desarrolla actualmente la práctica logopédica en países en desarrollo.

  4. Los peligros de la interpretación de las evidencias indirectas sobre la evolución del lenguaje: dextralidad y capacidad lingüística de los Neandertales

    OpenAIRE

    Benítez Burraco, Antonio; Longa Martínez, Víctor Manuel

    2011-01-01

    La cuestión de las capacidades lingüísticas de Homo neanderthalensis ha sido muy debatida, y se han sostenido muy diferentes argumentos a favor de esas capacidades. Reciente-mente, Frayer & al. (2010, 2011) han defendido que los Neandertales tenían capacidades lin-güísticas similares a las de los humanos modernos. Esos trabajos son interesantes, dado que sostienen que esa idea es apoyada por diferentes evidencias (dextralidad, anatomía, conducta moderna, simbolismo o ADN fósil). El presente a...

  5. Aproveitamento industrial de marisco na produção de lingüiça Shellfish industrial utilization to produce sausage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliete da Silva Bispo

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudadas as condições do processamento e a aceitabilidade da lingüiça de vongole (Anomalocardia brasiliana, além de avaliar a estabilidade do produto congelado sob os aspectos químico, físico-químico, microbiológico e sensorial. O produto final obedeceu a seguinte formulação: 48% vongole, 5% proteína texturizada de soja, 15% água, 25% gordura suína, 3% albumina, 2% pré-mistura (sais de cura e NaCl, 1,5% condimentos e 0,5% urucum. O produto congelado ficou armazenado à temperatura de -18ºC durante três meses; periodicamente foi avaliado quanto ao pH, umidade, proteínas, lipídios, NBV, índice de peróxidos, reação de Kreiss, quanto à presença de microrganismos patogênicos e toxigênicos e quanto à aparência, aroma, sabor, textura. Os resultados apontaram que a lingüiça de vongole teve uma boa aceitação, com IA entre 78-87% para todos os atributos avaliados, especialmente em relação ao sabor e textura. As amostras foram avaliadas como sabor ideal de marisco e sabor ideal de condimentos por 66,67% e 73,33% dos provadores, respectivamente. Os resultados com o teste de atitude de intenção de compra mostraram que 46,67% dos consumidores tinham intenção provável ou certa de compra do produto. Os resultados da avaliação microbiológica, físico-química, química e sensorial da lingüiça de vongole, indicaram que o produto manteve-se estável, durante 90 dias de armazenamento a temperatura de -18ºC.It was studied the process and the acceptibility of the vongole (Anomalocardia brasiliana sausage, beyond to evaluate the stability of the frozen product as to chemical, physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects. The vongole sausage had the following formulation: 48% vongole, 5% soy protein, 15% water, 25% swine fat, 3% albumin, 2% blend of cure salts and NaCl, 1.5% flavouring, 0.5% colouring. The final product was stored during three months at -18ºC, and the shelf life study included pH, moisture

  6. Interactive relations of type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity to cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study in rural area of Xi'an in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yanbo; Shang, Suhang; Fei, Yulang; Chen, Chen; Jiang, Yu; Dang, Liangjun; Liu, Jie; Ma, Louyan; Wei, Meng; Qu, Qiumin

    2018-01-01

    Type 2 diabetes and obesity, which are frequently comorbid, have been associated with cognitive impairment. We aim to examine the potential modulating effect between obesity and diabetes on cognitive impairment. We recruited 865 adults (aged ≥55years) lived in a village of Xi'an in China from October 2014 to March 2015. All participants underwent biomedical and neuropsychological assessment. Relations of diabetes and abdominal obesity to cognitive impairment were examined in multiple regression models. A total of 155 participants (17.9%) presented with the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Diabetes or obesity alone wasn't significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Interaction analysis showed a significant interaction between abdominal obesity and diabetes on cognitive impairment. Stratified multivariate analysis revealed that the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment was positive in participants with abdominal obesity (OR 2.436, 95% CI 1.345-4.411, p=0.003, in diabetics with high WC, and OR 2.348, 95% CI 1.373-4.014, p=0.002, in diabetics with high WHR), but negative in those without abdominal obesity. Type 2 diabetes interacts with abdominal obesity to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment by more than two times. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Microarray Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Antiarthritic Activity of Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan

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    Hua Yu

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Rheumatoid arthritis (RA is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin. Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL is an herbal mixture that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine over several decades to treat chronic inflammatory diseases including RA. However, the mechanism of the anti-arthritic action of this herbal remedy is poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, we determined by microarray analysis the effects of HLXL on the global gene expression profile of the draining lymph node cells (LNC in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA model of human RA. In LNC restimulated in vitro with the disease-related antigen mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65, 84 differentially expressed genes (DEG (64 upregulated and 20 downregulated versus 120 DEG (94 upregulated and 26 downregulated were identified in HLXL-treated versus vehicle (Water-treated rats, respectively, and 62 DEG (45 upregulated and 17 downregulated were shared between the two groups. The most affected pathways in response to HLXL treatment included immune response, inflammation, cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and metabolic processes, many of which are directly relevant to arthritis pathogenesis. These results would advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-arthritic activity of HLXL.

  8. Fundamentos lingüísticos del lenguaje periodístico y jurídico-administrativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Oliva Marañón

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El lenguaje humano está en constante evolución y el léxico es su repertorio más mutable. El objetivo de esta investigación es el estudio del léxico de la Administración para una mejor comprensión por parte de los ciudadanos. Este lenguaje presenta una idiosincrasia definida, no sólo de léxico, gramática y estilo, sino también de teoría lingüística. Los lenguajes periodístico y jurídico-administrativo constituyen una sinergia entre la lengua global, la lengua general y el lenguaje de especialidad. Los lenguajes específicos son de carácter mixto, a medio camino entre los lenguajes artificiales y las lenguas naturales con peculiaridades propias de carácter semiótico. Se concluye, por un lado, que el lenguaje administrativo es una realidad de percepción pasiva, ajena al circuito verbal de la comunicación que se da en la lengua común; y, por otro, que el lenguaje de la Administración es un código elaborado y prefijado que el ciudadano ha de aprender, aunque pierda parcialmente el control verbal. 

  9. Generalized Split-Window Algorithm for Estimate of Land Surface Temperature from Chinese Geostationary FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FY-2C Data

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jun Xia

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available On the basis of the radiative transfer theory, this paper addressed the estimate ofLand Surface Temperature (LST from the Chinese first operational geostationarymeteorological satellite-FengYun-2C (FY-2C data in two thermal infrared channels (IR1,10.3-11.3 μ m and IR2, 11.5-12.5 μ m , using the Generalized Split-Window (GSWalgorithm proposed by Wan and Dozier (1996. The coefficients in the GSW algorithmcorresponding to a series of overlapping ranging of the mean emissivity, the atmosphericWater Vapor Content (WVC, and the LST were derived using a statistical regressionmethod from the numerical values simulated with an accurate atmospheric radiativetransfer model MODTRAN 4 over a wide range of atmospheric and surface conditions.The simulation analysis showed that the LST could be estimated by the GSW algorithmwith the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE less than 1 K for the sub-ranges with theViewing Zenith Angle (VZA less than 30° or for the sub-rangs with VZA less than 60°and the atmospheric WVC less than 3.5 g/cm2 provided that the Land Surface Emissivities(LSEs are known. In order to determine the range for the optimum coefficients of theGSW algorithm, the LSEs could be derived from the data in MODIS channels 31 and 32 provided by MODIS/Terra LST product MOD11B1, or be estimated either according tothe land surface classification or using the method proposed by Jiang et al. (2006; and theWVC could be obtained from MODIS total precipitable water product MOD05, or beretrieved using Li et al.’ method (2003. The sensitivity and error analyses in term of theuncertainty of the LSE and WVC as well as the instrumental noise were performed. Inaddition, in order to compare the different formulations of the split-window algorithms,several recently proposed split-window algorithms were used to estimate the LST with thesame simulated FY-2C data. The result of the intercomparsion showed that most of thealgorithms give

  10. El ciberlenguaje como variedad lingüística Cyberlanguage like linguistic variety

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Betancourt Arango Amanda

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La presentación del ciberlenguaje como una de las variantes de la lengua incluye una discusión sobre su carácter como forma intermedia entre la oralidad y la escritura y las fuerzas responsables de los cambios lingüísticos. Por una parte, la vertiente popular que ha dado origen a la evolución constante de la lengua y, por otra, la culta que se esfuerza por recuperar la forma etimológica. Aquí se destaca el uso innovador del ciberlenguaje que deja de lado el aspecto normativo de la gramática y saca a flote la creatividad de los usuarios. El corpus para el análisis consta de algunos mensajes de texto y muestras del Chat entre adolescentes y algunas muestras del correo electrónico usual en el ambiente académico universitario. This presentation of cyberlanguage as one of language’s varieties includes a discussion about its character as an intermediate mode between written and spoken language and the powers that are responsible for linguistic change. On the one hand, we have the popular use of language that has given birth to the constant evolution of it. On the other hand, there is the educated part that makes an effort to keep the etymological form. Here we emphasize the innovative use of cyber language that leaves out the grammar facets and raises the creativity of the lingo users. The analysis corpus consists of text messages and pieces of chat dialogues used by teenagers and some e-mails examples that are used at the university environment.

  11. Schedule control in Ling Ao nuclear power project

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Ahai

    2007-01-01

    Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station (LANP) is first one built up by self-reliance in China with power capacity 990x2 MWe. The results of quality control, schedule control and cost control are satisfactory. The commercial operation days of Unit 1 and Unit 2 were 28th May 2002 and 8th Jan. 2003 respectively, which were 48 days and 66 days in advance of the project schedule. This paper presents the practices of self-reliance schedule control system in LANP. The paper includes 10 sections: schedule control system; targets of schedule control; schedule control at early stage of project; construction schedule; scheduling practice; Point curves; schedule control of design and procurement; a good practice of construction schedule control on site; commissioning and startup schedule; schedule control culture. Three figures are attached. The main contents of the self-reliance schedule control system are as follows: to draw up reasonable schedules and targets; to setup management mechanism and procedures; to organize powerful project management team; to establish close monitoring system; to provide timely progress reports and statistics information. Five kinds of schedule control targets are introduced, i.e. bar-chart schedule; milesones; Point curves; interface management; hydraulic test schedule of auxiliary piping loops; EMR/EMC/EESR issuance schedules. Six levels of bar-chart schedules were adopted in LANP, but the bar-chart schedules were not satisfactory for complicated erection condition on site, even using six levels of schedules. So a kind of Point curves was developed and their advantages are explained. Scheduling method of three elements: activity, duration, logic, which was adopted in LANP, is introduced. The duration of each piping activities in LANP level 2 project schedule was calculated based on the relevant working Point quantities. The analysis and adjustment of Point curves are illustrated, i.e. balance of monthly quantities; possible production in the peakload

  12. A campo traviesa entre los Círculos Lingüísticos: la problemática de la semiótica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Goutman Bender

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, la autora analiza la problemática de la semiótica a la luz de algunos de sus exponentes más descollantes (Mathesius, Jakobson, Havránek y Mukarovský, Bogatyrev, Trubetskói, Courtenay, Saussure, Carnap, Peirce así como de las escuelas que crearon (los círculos Lingüísticos de Praga, Moscú y Viena. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la problemática de la semiótica tiene que ver con la significación y con la comunicación; con el sistema de signos y con la producción de signos; con el lenguaje observado y con el lenguaje vivido así como con el modo como unos y otros se vinculan. Concluye que no hay modo de separar cultura, lengua y semiótica.

  13. Application of point system in the project control of Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie ahai

    2005-01-01

    Schedule control and cost control are very complicated issues even we set up the detail schedules and engineering measurements requirements for erection of a nuclear power project. In order to solve these problems, a Point System is used in Ling Ao (LA) Nuclear Power Project. This paper introduces the method. The Point System is a measurement system of workload. The measurement unit of any erection works is a Point only. A Point of workload is defined as the equivalent measurement quantities, which could be completed by a relevant skill worker within an hour. A set of procedure manuals for different installations has been set up. The calculation models of equipment installation, piping, cabling are addressed for example in the paper. The application of the Point System in the schedule control is shown in the paper. The following issues are highlighted: to define the duration of a piping activity in the Project Level 2 Schedule, to draught the curves of Point Schedules for different erection fields, to analyze the productive efficiency, to define erection quota of each month for different erection teams, to follow up the erection progress on site. The application of the Point System in the payment of erection contract is outlined. The calculation formula of a monthly payment is given. The advantage of the payment calculation method is discussed, for example, more accurate, very easy and clearly to check the measurement quantities completed on site, to control lump-sum cost. (authors)

  14. Biogeochemical characteristics of Kuan-Tzu-Ling, Chung-Lun and Bao-Lai hot springs in southern Taiwan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maity, Jyoti Prakash; Liu, Chia-Chuan; Nath, Bibhash; Bundschuh, Jochen; Kar, Sandeep; Jean, Jiin-Shuh; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Liu, Jiann-Hong; Atla, Shashi B; Chen, Chien-Yen

    2011-01-01

    Hot springs are the important natural sources of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. Kuan-Tzu-Ling (KTL), Chung-Lun (CL) and Bao-Lai (BL) are well-known hot springs in southern Taiwan. Fluid and mud (sediments) samples were collected from the eruption points of three hot springs for detailed biogeochemical characterization. The fluid sample displays relatively high concentrations of Na(+) and Cl(-) compared with K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), NO(2) (-), and SO(4) (2-), suggesting a possible marine origin. The concentrations of Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, V and Zn were significantly higher in the mud sediments compared with fluids, whereas high concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Se, Sr and Rb were observed in the fluids. This suggests that electronegative elements were released during sediment-water interactions. High As concentration in the fluids was observed to be associated with low redox (Eh) conditions. The FTIR spectra of the humic acid fractions of the sediments showed the presence of possible functional groups of secondary amines, ureas, urethanesm (amide), and silicon. The sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacterium 99% similar to Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans (GU329907) were rich in the CL hot spring while mesophilic, proteolytic, thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacterium that 99% similar to Clostridium sulfidigenes (GU329908) were rich in the BL hot spring.

  15. A bibliometria na exploração de bases de dados: a importância da Lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Mugnaini

    Full Text Available A utilização das bases de dados para levantamento do estado da arte, procedimento necessário a qualquer pesquisador, exige dos mesmos a definição de estratégias para a recuperação eficaz da informação. A Bibliometria pode ser uma ferramenta útil neste processo, permitindo a filtragem de grandes quantidades de informação. Por se tratar de uma análise estatística de dados, a qualidade destes dados é de vital importância e o procedimento de indexação para representação da informação se torna essencial. Pretende-se aclarar a importância da Estatística, Lingüística e Indexação para a Ciência da Informação, focalizando alguns aspectos de suas relações e destacando a necessidade da utilização conjunta dessas disciplinas.

  16. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics; Volume 80; Issue 3. Peakons and compactons on the background of periodic wave. Chao-Qing Dai Cui-Yun Liu ... Author Affiliations. Chao-Qing Dai1 Cui-Yun Liu1. School of Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, People's Republic of China ...

  17. Aproximación al estudio de las actitudes lingüÍsticas en un contexto de contacto de español y portugués en el área urbana trifronteriza B rasil-Colombia-Perú An overview of the study of linguistic attitudes in the context of language contact between spanish and portuguese of the tri-border area, Brasil-Colombia-Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Liliana Rojas Molina

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar las actitudes lingüísticas de los habitantes de la trifrontera Brasil-Colombia-Perú frente al portugués y español del área, así como frente al fenómeno de alternancias e interferencias lingüísticas surgidas del contacto. A través de la técnica de la entrevista y la observación directa, se describen las actitudes desde sus dimensiones cognitiva, afectiva y conductual, y se descubren altos porcentajes de valoraciones y autovaloraciones negativas frente a las formas de habla estudiadas, lo cual sugiere una situación de discriminación lingüística que se suma al de discriminación social existente. Se propone, entonces, el comienzo de discusiones alrededor de políticas lingüísticas que apunten a la promoción de las formas de habla locales a través de los medios de comunicación existentes y los escenarios educativos, con el propósito de garantizar procesos de consolidación de la democratización lingüística y, en consecuencia, de equidad y justicia social.The aim of the present work is to describe and analyze the linguistic attitude of people at the tri-border among Brazil, Colombia, and Peru towards the Spanish and Portuguese varieties spoken in the area, and towards the phenomenon of codeswitching and interference resulting from linguistic contact. By means of interviews and direct observation, the article attempts to describe the linguistic attitude from three dimensions: cognitive, affective and behavioral. Data analysis shows that there is a high level of negative attitude and negative self-attitude towards these speech varieties. Results indicate a situation of linguistic stigmatization that is added to the ongoing social discrimination. Thus, the study proposes the implementation of linguistic policies that promote the local speech forms through mass media and education in order to guarantee a process of consolidation of linguistic democracy, which in turn will

  18. En torno a la fundamentación del enfoque lingüístico en la construcción de las tesis de maestría desde la perspectiva actual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Odalis Lorié González

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de las argumentaciones científicas realizadas por los aspirantes en los talleres y defensas de maestrías, en las que se corroboraron algunas insuficiencias, en esta ocasión se hace referencia a imprecisiones en la fundamentación teórica del objeto de la investigación a partir del enfoque didáctico y lingüístico asumido. El propósito, entonces, es ofrecer al aspirante una herramienta de cómo fundamentar el enfoque escogido como sustento de su propuesta investigativa.

  19. En torno a la fundamentación del enfoque lingüístico en la construcción de las tesis de maestría desde la perspectiva actual

    OpenAIRE

    Odalis Lorié González; Cristina Savón Leyva

    2017-01-01

    El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de las argumentaciones científicas realizadas por los aspirantes en los talleres y defensas de maestrías, en las que se corroboraron algunas insuficiencias, en esta ocasión se hace referencia a imprecisiones en la fundamentación teórica del objeto de la investigación a partir del enfoque didáctico y lingüístico asumido. El propósito, entonces, es ofrecer al aspirante una herramienta de cómo fundamentar el enfoque escogido como sustento de su propuesta in...

  20. Ear diseases among secondary school students in Xi'an, China: The role of portable audio device use, insomnia and academic stress

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    He Ya

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Hearing impairment negatively impacts students' development of academic, language and social skills. Even minimal unilateral hearing loss can hinder educational performance. We investigated the prevalence of ear diseases among secondary school students in the city of Xi'an, China in order to provide a foundation for evidence-based hearing healthcare. Methods A stratified random sampling survey was conducted in 29 secondary schools. Demographics and medical histories were collected, and otologic examinations were performed. Questionnaires were administered to assess insomnia, academic stress and use of portable audio devices. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hearing impairment, and the association of sensorineural hearing loss with insomnia, academic stress and the use of portable audio devices was analyzed with the chi-square test. Results The percentage of students with some form of ear disease was 3.32%. External ear disease, middle ear disease and sensorineural hearing loss occurred in 1.21%, 0.64% and 1.47% of the students, respectively. Boys had a relatively higher prevalence of ear disease than girls. According to our survey, the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss increased significantly among the students with insomnia and extended use of portable audio devices, but not among those with elevated levels of academic stress. Hearing aids and surgical treatment were needed in 1.47% and 0.89% of the students, respectively. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of ear disease among secondary school students, and this should be given more attention. Insomnia and the excessive use of portable audio devices may be related to adolescent sensorineural hearing loss. It is important to establish and comply with an evidence-based preventive strategy.

  1. Algunas particularidades socioculturales y lingüísticas del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de ELE a inmigrantes rusohablantes en España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kunetsov, Georgy

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo basado en la memoria final del Máster en Enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera (UIMP, 2007-2008, tutora Claudia Fernández Silva trata algunos aspectos socioculturales y lingüísticos del alumnado inmigrante procedente de los países de la extinta URSS y las particularidades del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje que influyen en el trabajo de un profesor de ELE en España. Se da un breve análisis de las principales dificultades morfológicas, sintácticas y otras, al igual que del bagaje sociocultural y emocional del inmigrante rusohablante y el papel del profesor en el proceso de integración.

  2. Modified Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan Suppresses Adjuvant Arthritis by Inhibiting Chemokines and Matrix-Degrading Enzymes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Rheumatoid arthritis (RA is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints that can lead to deformities and disability. The prolonged use of conventionally used drugs is associated with severe adverse reactions. Therefore, safer and less expensive therapeutic products are continually being sought. Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling dan (HLXL, a traditional Chinese herbal mixture, and its modified versions possess anti-arthritic activity. In this paper, we examined the influence of modified HLXL on two of the key mediators of arthritic inflammation and tissue damage, namely, chemokines and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA model of RA. We treated arthritic Lewis rats with HLXL (2.3 g/kg by daily gavage beginning at the onset of AA. The control rats received the vehicle. At the peak phase of AA, rats were sacrificed and their draining lymph node cells (LNC and spleen adherent cells (SAC were tested. The HLXL-treated rats showed a significant reduction in the levels of chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and GRO/KC, MMPs (MMP 2 and 9, as well as cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17 that induce them, compared to the control vehicle-treated rats. Thus, HLXL controls arthritis in part by suppressing the mediators of immune pathology, and it might offer a promising alternative/adjunct treatment for RA.

  3. Actitudes lingüísticas en Paraguay. Identidad lingüística de los hablantes de lengua materna castellana en Asunción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Beatriz Chiquito

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de Asunción, hacia el español del Paraguay y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El artículo resalta la particularidad del bilingüismo del país y la situación de diglosia entre el guaraní y el castellano; el mayor prestigio del castellano de Asunción frente al habla de las ciudades fronterizas con Brasil y Argentina, en las cuales se hablan el portugués brasileño, el guaraní y el español argentino, además del español paraguayo. Los resultados del estudio confirman el prestigio del castellano, cuyo papel oficial se mantiene, a pesar del creciente prestigio del guaraní, impulsado por las nuevas leyes de educación bilingüe y el establecimiento de la Academia de la Lengua Guaraní. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers of Asunción, towards Spanish spoken in Paraguay and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The article highlights the special situation of bilingualism in the country and the diglosic relationship between Guarani and Spanish; the higher prestige of the Spanish variety spoken in Asunción, compared to the ones spoken in the Paraguayan cities on the border with Brazil and Argentina

  4. Reconstructing the spatial pattern of historical forest land in China in the past 300 years

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xuhong; Jin, Xiaobin; Xiang, Xiaomin; Fan, Yeting; Shan, Wei; Zhou, Yinkang

    2018-06-01

    The reconstruction of the historical forest spatial distribution is of a great significance to understanding land surface cover in historical periods as well as its climate and ecological effects. Based on the maximum scope of historical forest land before human intervention, the characteristics of human behaviors in farmland reclamation and deforestation for heating and timber, we create a spatial evolution model to reconstruct the spatial pattern of historical forest land. The model integrates the land suitability for reclamation, the difficulty of deforestation, the attractiveness of timber trading markets and the abundance of forest resources to calibrate the potential scope of historical forest land with the rationale that the higher the probability of deforestation for reclamation and wood, the greater the likelihood that the forest land will be deforested. Compared to the satellite-based forest land distribution in 2000, about 78.5% of our reconstructed historical forest grids are of the absolute error between 25% and -25% while as many as 95.85% of those grids are of the absolute error between 50% and -50%, which indirectly validates the feasibility of our reconstructed model. Then, we simulate the spatial distribution of forest land in China in 1661, 1724, 1820, 1887, 1933 and 1952 with the grid resolution of 1 km × 1 km. Our result shows that (1) the reconstructed historical forest land in China in the past 300 years concentrates in DaXingAnLing, XiaoXingAnLing, ChangBaiShan, HengDuanShan, DaBaShan, WuYiShan, DaBieShan, XueFengShang and etc.; (2) in terms of the spatial evolution, historical forest land shrank gradually in LiaoHe plains, SongHuaJiang-NenJiang plains and SanJiang plains of eastnorth of China, Sichuan basins and YunNan-GuiZhou Plateaus; and (3) these observations are consistent to the proceeding of agriculture reclamation in China in past 300 years towards Northeast China and Southwest China.

  5. Effects of organic additives on microstructure and mechanical ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China ... porosity are of interest for engineering applications, as gas filters ... Flow diagram for fabricating porous silicon nitride samples.

  6. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in urban soil in the typical semi-arid city of Xi'an, Northwest China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Lijun; Liu, Mengmei; Tao, Wendong; Zhang, Wenjuan; Wang, Li; Shi, Xingmin; Lu, Xinwei; Li, Xiaoping

    2018-01-01

    A total of 62 urban soil samples were collected in the city of Xi'an in Northwest China, and analyzed for six U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority phthalate esters (PAEs). Unlike earlier studies on PAEs in agricultural soil as well as urban soil in humid climates, this paper for the first time comprehensively assessed pollution characteristics and health risks of human exposure to PAEs in urban soil in a typical semi-arid climate. The total concentrations of the six PAEs (Σ6PAEs) in the urban soil varied between 193.0 and 19146.4 μg kg -1 with a mean of 1369.3 μg kg -1 . The PAEs were dominated by di-n-butyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Magnetic susceptibility and soil texture were controlling factors influencing the concentrations of PAEs in the urban soil. The concentrations of benzyl butyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and Σ6PAEs increased from the first to third ring roads, while the concentrations of di-n-octyl phthalate decreased. Relatively higher levels of PAEs were observed in industrial, traffic, and residential areas. The PAEs in the urban soil originated mainly from the application of plasticizers or additives, use of cosmetics and personal care products, emissions of construction materials and home furnishings, industrial processes, and atmospheric deposition. The concentrations of some PAEs in the urban soil exceeded soil allowable concentrations and environmental risk levels. The non-cancer and carcinogenic risks of human exposure to the PAEs were relatively low. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. A novel missense mutation in collagenous domain of EDA gene in a ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an,. Shaanxi 710061 .... The mutation p.P220L of EDA responsible for XLHED affects the evolu- tionarily highly .... for University Students (no.

  8. Efectos de la Dislexia en las Habilidades Lingúisticas del Idioma Inglés en Niños de Segundo Ciclo de Nivel Primario de Colegios Particulares Bilingues de la U.G.E.L. Norte, Arequipa 2004

    OpenAIRE

    Pastor de Jones Ingrid Victoria

    2006-01-01

    El presente trabajo de investigación se denomina: EFECTOS de la DISLEXIA en las HABILIDADES LINGÜÍSTICAS DEL IDIOMA INGLES EN NIÑOS DEL SEGUNDO CICLO DEL NIVEL PRIMARIO DE COLEGIOS PARTICULARES BILINGÜES DE LA U.G.E.L. NORTE Arequipa, 2004. Las variables a investigar son: Variable independiente: Dislexia. Indicadores Dyseidesia, Dysphonesia y Dysnekinesia Variable dependiente: Habilidades lingüísticas del idioma Inglés: Indicadores: Listening, Speaking, Reading, Wri...

  9. Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. Dongmei Ren1 Yaming Lu2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Basic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China ...

  10. Dimedone Derivative

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an ... A, and similar functionality of test drug, the effect ... Oral. Ibuprofen suspension was purchased as Motrin. (100 mg/ 5ml; McNeil).

  11. HIGHLY ACTIVE CaO FOR THE TRANSESTERIFICATION TO ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Preferred Customer

    1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an Shannxi, ... acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of the modified CaO was greatly enhanced ... same properties as diesel, to supply or replace such fossil fuel[1, 2].

  12. Los fenómenos históricos como catalizadores del cambio lingüístico: el Inglés medieval

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Carmen Guarddon Anelo

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Conocer la verdadera naturaleza del lenguaje se enfrenta a una dicotomía clásica que se estableció en el pasado siglo y que aún sigue vigente. La cuestión es si constituye un sistema autónomo de referencia, arbitrario y regido por sus propios algoritmos o si por el contrario es una facultad más del sistema cognitivo humano, eso sí, de alta complejidad. Los estudios diacrónicos parecen proporcionar sólida evidencia a favor de la segunda opción. En concreto, el inglés medieval en la etapa que va desde los siglos XI a XV experimentó una vorágine de cambios a diversos niveles que aún hoy en día resultan sorprendentes no sólo a anglicistas sino a diacronistas en general. Está demostrado que muchos de estos cambios fueron motivados por los eventos históricos que acaecieron a esta comunidad lingüística. Esto nos indica que la lengua refleja irremisiblemente el devenir de sus usuarios y evoluciona con los mismos. Por lo tanto, su carácter autónomo no debe promulgarse más allá de las características inherentes de la anatomía de los órganos implicados en la producción y comprensión lingüísticas, así como de las propias constricciones del código.The knowledge of the true nature of language faces a long-running dichotomy which came on the scene in the last century and is still in force. The point is whether language constitutes an autonomous reference system, arbitrary and ruled by its own algorithms or, on the other hand, is one more faculty of the human cognitive system, though highly complex. Diachronic analyses seem to provide solid evidence supporting the latter option. Specifically, Medieval English, from the 11th to the 15th c. experienced an astonishing number of changes at different levels. These changes still puzzle not only experts in English philology but diachronic linguists in general. It has been proved that most of these developments were motivated by the historical events that occurred in this linguistic

  13. Multiple timescale analysis of the urban heat island effect based on the Community Land Model: a case study of the city of Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Meiling; Shen, Huanfeng; Han, Xujun; Li, Huifang; Zhang, Liangpei

    2017-12-06

    Urban heat islands (UHIs) are the phenomenon of urban regions usually being warmer than rural regions, which significantly impacts both the regional ecosystem and societal activities. Numerical simulation can provide spatially and temporally continuous datasets for UHI analysis. In this study, a spatially and temporally continuous ground temperature dataset of Xi'an, China was obtained through numerical simulation based on the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5), at a temporal resolution of 30 min and a spatial resolution of 0.05 ∘ × 0.05 ∘ . Based on the ground temperature, the seasonal average UHI intensity (UHII) was calculated and the seasonal variation of the UHI effect was analyzed. The monthly variation tendency of the urban heat stress was also investigated. Based on the diurnal cycle of ground temperature and the UHI effect in each season, the variation tendencies of the maximum, minimum, and average UHII were analyzed. The results show that the urban heat stress in summer is the strongest among all four seasons. The heat stress in urban areas is very significant in July, and the UHII is the weakest in January. Regarding the diurnal cycle of UHII, the maximum always appears at 06:30 UTC to 07:30 UTC, while the minimum intensity of the UHI effect occurs at different times in the different seasons. The results of this study could provide a reference for policymakers about how to reduce the damage caused by heat stress.

  14. Erratum!- in paper volume 19, Supplement 1, Year 2015, pp. S109-S115, DOI:10.2298/TSCI15S1S09C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Editorial

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available In the paper published in THERMAL SCIENCE Volume 19, Supplement 1, YEAR 2015, pp. S109-S115, DOI REFERENCE: 10.2298/TSCI15S1S09C Names and affiliations of the authors has been incorrectly written Istead of: THE DIFFUSION MODEL OF FRACTAL HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN FLUIDIZED BED A Local Fractional Arbitrary Euler-Lagrange Formula by Xu CHENG∗ and Xiao-Xun MA School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Correctly has to be written: THE DIFFUSION MODEL OF FRACTAL HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN FLUIDIZED BED A Local Fractional Arbitrary Euler-Lagrange Formula by Xu CHENG1∗ and Lin Wang2 - 1School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China - 2Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Link to the corrected article 10.2298/TSCI15S1S09C

  15. Habilidades cognitivo lingüísticas de pensamiento social en estudiantes de la Escuela Pedro Emilio Gil a través de la enseñanza y aprendizaje del derecho de opinión

    OpenAIRE

    Londoño Londoño, Saulo

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación que tuvo como objetivo interpretar las habilidades cognitivo lingüísticas de pensamiento social que emergen de una unidad didáctica respecto al derecho de opinión en estudiantes del grado segundo. Se sitúa dentro de la metodología cualitativa, abierta, flexible y participante. Trata cuestiones relacionadas al derecho de opinión como parte de la formación del pensamiento social. La estructura metodológica que se desarrollo es el Estudio de Caso según Stake (1999) y Yi...

  16. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, ...

  17. YUAN-BO SUN

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. YUAN-BO SUN. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 97 Issue 1 March 2018 pp 173-178 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Investigating multiple dysregulated pathways in rheumatoid arthritis based on pathway interaction network · XIAN-DONG SONG XIAN-XU SONG GUI-BO LIU ...

  18. Actitudes lingüísticas en Venezuela. Exploración de creencias hacia la variante nacional, la lengua española y el español dialectal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hecsil Yosibel Coello Millán

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Caracas hacia al español de Venezuela y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Se analizaron los datos cuantitativa y cualitativamente para identificar las opiniones y creencias de los hablantes y poder describir sus actitudes lingüísticas hacia el habla española de las regiones del país y de otros países hispanohablantes. Este estudio observa un cambio de actitud hacia la variante del español nacional y describe las creencias que comparten los caraqueños hacia el español Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish-speakers from Caracas towards Spanish spoken in Venezuela and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed in order to identify the opinions and beliefs of the speakers, and to be able to describe their linguistic attitudes towards the Spanish varieties of the different regions of the country. This study shows an attitudinal change towards the national variety of Spanish and describes the beliefs that caraqueños share towards the Spanish language.

  19. Composição centesimal e aceitação de lingüiça elaborada com reduzido teor de gordura e adicionada de concentrados protéicos de soro de leite

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira,Ana Cláudia Brandi; Fonseca,Leorges Moraes da; Santos,Wagner Luiz Moreira dos

    2009-01-01

    Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a composição centesimal e aceitação de lingüiças de carne suína fabricadas com Concentrado Protéico do Soro (WPC) ou com concentrado protéico, com elevado teor de b-lactoglobulina, como substitutos da gordura. Foram realizados sete tratamentos, um grupo controle, contendo 20% de gordura, e seis tratamentos com reduzido teor de gordura, contendo diferentes níveis de adição de WPC ou de fração de b-lactoglobulina, a saber, três tratamentos com 10% de gordura e ad...

  20. As ações lingüístico-discursivas no discurso jurídico: uma visão sobre a imagem da mulher nos crimes contra os costumes do código penal

    OpenAIRE

    Moraes, Carla Roselma Athayde; Guimarães, Gustavo Miranda; Silva, Priscilla Chantal Duarte; Marchesani, Silvana

    2014-01-01

    Este artigo propõe uma análise da imagem da mulher que se esboça em alguns artigos do Código Penal Brasileiro. Para isso, valemo-nos de algumas orientações teóricas daAnálise do Discurso, no que diz respeito às Formações Discursivas, Ação e Racionalidade e Intencionalidade. Através desse aparato teórico, o trabalho levanta algumas questões de ordem lingüístico-discursivas, fundadoras de um discurso que constrói uma determinada visão da mulher brasileira, no Código Penal.

  1. A negação: teoria da checagem e mudança lingüística Negation: checking theory and linguistic change

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lorenzo VITRAL

    1999-02-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo analisa o fenômeno da concordância negativa de acordo com a teoria da checagem do Programa Minimalista (Chomsky, 1995. Comparando os dados do português brasileiro com os de outras línguas, fomos levados a considerar fatos de natureza diacrônica que foram descritos através da noção de gramaticalização (Hopper & Traugott, 1993. Finalmente, fizemos a hipótese de que as etapas de mudança lingüística previstas por essa noção são "visíveis" para o sistema computacional.This paper proposes an analysis of the negative agreement phenomenon assuming the checking theory of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1995. After comparing Brazilian Portuguese with other languages, it was necessary to consider some diachronic facts described through the notion of grammaticalization (Hopper & Traugott, 1993. Finally, we claim that the stages of linguistic change presupposed by this notion are "visible" to the computational system.

  2. Potencial evocados corticales y evaluación lingüística de pacientes con implante coclear

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liudis Reina

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la utilidad del Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical (PEAC como herramienta objetiva que nos permita cuantificar el proceso de rehabilitación en pacientes con implante coclear. Se conformó una muestra de 20 pacientes, 12 del sexo masculino y con edades entre 7 y 16 años. Todos portadores de un Implante Coclear (IC modelo Clarion HiRes 90K. Todas las variables mostraron una correlación estadísticamente significativa con la etapa del proceso de rehabilitación en que se encontraba cada paciente. Los PEAC registrados en pacientes con IC muestran una morfología muy similar a la que se obtiene en sujetos normoyentes, registrándose los componentes que caracterizan esta respuesta (P1, N1, P2 y N2. Se evidenció una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre las etapas de rehabilitación y la latencia de los componentes P1 y N1. También hubo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el por ciento de fonemas erróneos calculados tras la aplicación de la prueba del Registro Fonológico Inducido y la latencia del componente P1. Contar con herramientas objetivas como el PEAC nos garantizaría un mayor y mejor aprovechamiento de la rehabilitación lingüística, así como podría ayudar a perfeccionar las técnicas de rehabilitación de los pacientes con implante coclear.

  3. 76 FR 40804 - Technical Amendment to the Authorization Validated End-User Regulations of the Export...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-12

    ... Di Sheng 3B001.c, 3B001.d, Street, BDA Beijing, 3B001.e, 3B001.f, China 100176. 3C001, 3C002, 3D002..., BDA Beijing, China 100176. Applied Materials (Xi'an) Ltd. No. 28 Xin Xi Ave., Xi'an High Tech Park...

  4. Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    In this paper, we prove an interesting reciprocity formula for a certain case of a general Dedekind sums using analytic methods and the Fourier expansion of the Bernoulli polynomials. Author Affiliations. Yuan Yi1. Research Center for Basic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of ...

  5. Análisis crítico de un proyecto lingüístico de centro en la comunidad valenciana a partir de la implantación de un programa plurilingüe en castellano

    OpenAIRE

    Gimeno Chorva, Cristina

    2015-01-01

    Treball Final de Màster en Comunicació Intercultural i d'Ensenyament de Llengües. Codi: SAN014. Curs: 2014/2015 Este trabajo se basa en el análisis crítico de un proyecto lingüístico de centro a partir de los supuestos establecidos en la nueva legislación valenciana en materia de plurilingüismo. Para llevar a cabo dicho análisis, se procederá a elaborar un marco teórico inicial con el fin de delimitar el concepto de plurilingüismo y aplicarlo al ámbito educativo, reflexionar so...

  6. Evolution of aerosol chemistry in Xi'an, inland China, during the dust storm period of 2013 - Part 1: Sources, chemical forms and formation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, G. H.; Cheng, C. L.; Huang, Y.; Tao, J.; Ren, Y. Q.; Wu, F.; Meng, J. J.; Li, J. J.; Cheng, Y. T.; Cao, J. J.; Liu, S. X.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, R.; Chen, Y. B.

    2014-11-01

    A total suspended particulate (TSP) sample was collected hourly in Xi'an, an inland megacity of China near the Loess Plateau, during a dust storm event of 2013 (9 March 18:00-12 March 10:00 LT), along with a size-resolved aerosol sampling and an online measurement of PM2.5. The TSP and size-resolved samples were determined for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and nitrogen (WSON), inorganic ions and elements to investigate chemistry evolution of dust particles. Hourly concentrations of Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+ and Ca2+ in the TSP samples reached up to 34, 12, 180, 72 and 28 μg m-3, respectively, when dust peak arrived over Xi'an. Chemical compositions of the TSP samples showed that during the whole observation period NH4+ and NO3- were linearly correlated with each other (r2=0.76) with a molar ratio of 1 : 1, while SO42- and Cl- were well correlated with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ (r2 > 0.85). Size distributions of NH4+ and NO3- presented a same pattern, which dominated in the coarse mode (> 2.1 μm) during the event and predominated in the fine mode (hours, but both exhibited two equivalent peaks in both the fine and the coarse modes during the non-event, due to the fine-mode accumulations of secondarily produced SO42- and biomass-burning-emitted Cl- and the coarse-mode enrichments of urban soil-derived SO42- and Cl-. Linear fit regression analysis further indicated that SO42- and Cl- in the dust samples possibly exist as Na2SO4, CaSO4 and NaCl, which directly originated from Gobi desert surface soil, while NH4+ and NO3- in the dust samples exist as NH4NO3. We propose a mechanism to explain these observations in which aqueous phase of dust particle surface is formed via uptake of water vapor by hygroscopic salts such as Na2SO4 and NaCl, followed by heterogeneous formation of nitrate on the liquid phase and subsequent absorption of ammonia. Our data indicate that 54 ± 20% and 60 ± 23% of NH4+ and NO3- during the dust period

  7. Case report

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    2016-05-31

    May 31, 2016 ... 1Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China ... tuberculous pleurisy and the image of the patient is rare, special and not typical and it looks like a halo sign. ... those suffering from multiple organ tuberculosis patients. ... were given and a high protein diet was recommended after the.

  8. Valuing Xi’an : A Chinese capital city for 13 dynasties

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ng, M.K.; Zhai, B.; Zhao, Y.; Li, J.

    2016-01-01

    Xi'an, the capital city of Chinese dynasties featured the first planned urban settlement in China and was one of the largest cities in the first millennium of world history. Xi?an was a historic and cultural city where over 3000 years of urban history continued to unfold. The expansion of the Qin

  9. A tradução de marcadores culturais em Sargento Getúlio à luz da lingüística de corpus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisangela Fernandes Martins

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a tradução de marcadores culturais em Sergeant Getulio em relação ao seu original Sargento Getúlio, ambos do escritor e autotradutor João Ubaldo Ribeiro. A fundamentação teórica apóia-se nos Estudos da Tradução baseados em corpus de Baker e de Camargo, na Lingüística de Corpus de Berber Sardinha, nos trabalhos sobre domínios culturais de Nida e de Aubert, e na proposta das modalidades tradutórias reformuladas por Aubert. Quantos aos procedimentos metodológicos, usamos as ferramentas de busca disponibilizadas pelo programa WordSmith Tools, versão 4.0. Os resultados obtidos revelam que João Ubaldo Ribeiro busca uma maior aproximação entre o leitor de língua inglesa e a mensagem do original por meio do uso de recursos da modulação, da explicitação e da adaptação ao traduzir, para o inglês, marcadores culturais específicos da realidade brasileira.

  10. On the 2m 2m 2m-th power mean of Dirichlet L-functions with the ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The main purpose is to use the analytic method to study the 2 m -th power mean of Dirichlet -functions with the weight of the general trigonometric sums and give ... School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China; The School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an ...

  11. Herbal Fufang Xian Ling Gu Bao prevents corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head—A first multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zi-Rong Li

    2018-01-01

    The translational potential of this article: The translation potential of this clinical trial is that the initially officially approved clinical indication for XLGB for treatment of osteoporosis has been now also proven to be effective for a new clinical application.

  12. Relação processador lingüístico-gramática em perspectiva: problemas de unificação em contexto minimalista Processor-grammar relationship in perspective: unification problems in minimalist context

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Letícia Maria Sicuro Corrêa

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available A possibilidade de uma derivação minimalista representar a computação sintática implementada em tempo real é considerada. Parte-se de um histórico da relação entre Lingüística Gerativista e Psicolingüística, ressaltando-se o que há de convergente entre esses campos a partir do Minimalismo. Duas dificuldades para a unificação processador-gramática em um único algoritmo são identificadas: a direcionalidade (ascendente da derivação ante a incrementalidade do processamento lingüístico; a necessidade de se prever movimento sintático com e sem custo. Propõe-se um modelo misto (descente/ascendente no qual a direcionalidade da computação on-line é função do modo como elementos de categorias funcionais e lexicais se relacionam com o sistema conceitual/intencional na língua em uso. Apenas movimento sintático que responde a demandas discursivas é implementado em tempo real.The possibility of a minimalist derivation to represent on-line computation is considered. The relationship between Generative Linguistics and Psycholinguistics is put in perspective in order to highlight convergent developments. Two difficulties are identified in the unification grammar-language processor in a single algorithm: The directionality of the derivation (bottom-up, vis-à-vis incremental processing; predicting costly and uncostly syntactic movement. A top-down/bottom-up model is proposed in which the directionality of the computation is a function of the relationship between elements of functional and lexical categories with the conceptual/intentional system, is actual language use. Syntactic movement that stems from discourse demands is the sole movement operation implemented on-line.

  13. La reconstrucción de un pasado lingüístico através de la narrativa presente: lengua, historia e identidad en El Nacimiento de los Negros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Esteban Hernandez

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available El Nacimiento de los Negros, el asentamiento más importante de los negrosmascogos, se encuentra dentro de los límites municipales de Músquiz, Coahuila,México. La lengua original y mayoritaria de la comunidad era hasta hace algunasdécadas el afroseminol, una lengua emparentada al criollo de base inglesa queaún se habla en el sureste de los Estados Unidos. En el siguiente trabajo trazola historia sociolingüística de la comunidad, basándome en las referenciashistóricas disponibles en la memoria colectiva y en la evidencia histórica conque cuenta la comunidad misma. Concilio dos fuentes que nos proporcionarándatos y pruebas que nos permitirán delinear la trayectoria lingüística del grupo.Utilizo los aspectos de la historia escrita que me son disponibles y que se centranen los principales acontecimientos que han experimentado los mascogoscomo grupo en el área fronteriza. Incorporo también el análisis de narrativasrecogidas en entrevistas sociolingüísticas que se hicieron entre informantes deedad ya muy avanzada en la comunidad que asumen una identidad mascoga porser descendientes directos de padre o madre de origen afroseminol. El análisisseñala que el desplazamiento lingüístico, como resultado del contacto culturalen Nacimiento de los Negros, inició la integración de los negros mascogos ala cultura nacional. Sin embargo, el contexto sociohistórico marcó la pautadel proceso de aculturación. En el presente trabajo ofrezco datos testimonialesque apoyan las cuatro fases sociohistóricas, que arguyo, influyeron en dichoproceso: 1 la etapa de arrendamiento militar y persecución, 2 la etapa detransición y neutralidad, 3 la etapa de fuerte integración a la cultura nacionaly 4 la etapa de integración y dependencia económica. Las etapas se distinguenentre sí por el mantenimiento del criollo de base inglesa en la primera fase, elinicio de la desplazamiento en las siguientes y el desplazamiento casi total enla última.

  14. Los idiomas iberorrománicos en los elementos de lingüística románica de Petar Skok

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pavao Tekavčić

    1992-12-01

    Full Text Available La cultura hispánica, una de las más prestigiosas del mundo, está presente también, desde hace mucho tiempo, entre las naciones eslavas meridionales. Además de evidentes influencias literarias (véase el recientemente aparecido primer tomo de nuestra revista, un elemento de esta presencia es el conocimiento de las lenguas romanicas de la Península Ibérica, en primer lugar naturalmente del castellano. En las páginas que siguen entendemos el estudio de las lenguas iberorrománicas a nivel universitario, lo que abarca además la evolución de los tres idiomas desde el latín hasta su estado actual: es decir, su gramática histórica (el termíno es, desde hace algún tiempo, un tanto odioso, pero clara y cómodo. Más aun, el estudio histórico de las lenguas iberorromanicas incluye tambien Ia comparaci6n con otros idiomas emparentados (gramatica romanica comparativa y Ia determinacion del Iugar de los idiomas romanicos de Iberia en la Romania. Estas disciplinas, que a primera vista pueden parecer reservadas a especialistas de lingüística histórica románica, son en realidad importantes partes de la cultura de una nación, y son una de las no mínimas piedrezuelas del gran mosaico llamado Romania.

  15. Sugerencias metodológicas para realizar trabajo de campo lingüístico en la Amazonía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David W. Fleck

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo, propongo una metodología y ofrezco algunas recomendaciones de carácter práctico para realizar trabajo descriptivo con lenguas poco estudiadas, a partir de mi propia experiencia de campo en la Amazonía occidental. Los temas desarrollados aquí incluyen la evaluación y uso de la literatura lingüística disponible, la preparación para la permanencia en el campo, el trato con los hablantes de la lengua en cuestión, las técnicas de recolección de datos y la escritura del trabajo descriptivo. El énfasis del artículo se centra en la búsqueda de estrategias para que la recolección de materiales sea lo más objetiva y rigurosa posible y para que las descripciones sean más responsables y confiables.---In this article, I propose a methodology and some practical recommendations to make descriptive fieldwork with little-described languages based on my own field experience in the Western Amazonia. The topics I develop here include the evaluation and use of the linguistic literature available, the preparation for the permanence in the field, the relationship with the language speakers, the techniques for gathering data and the process of writing a descriptive piece of work. I try to stress the importance of strategies to make the collection of the data as objective and rigorous as possible and the description as responsible and reliable as it can be.

  16. The compound Chinese medicine "Kang Fu Ling" protects against high power microwave-induced myocardial injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xueyan; Gao, Yabing; Dong, Ji; Wang, Shuiming; Yao, Binwei; Zhang, Jing; Hu, Shaohua; Xu, Xinping; Zuo, Hongyan; Wang, Lifeng; Zhou, Hongmei; Zhao, Li; Peng, Ruiyun

    2014-01-01

    The prevention and treatment of Microwave-caused cardiovascular injury remains elusive. This study investigated the cardiovascular protective effects of compound Chinese medicine "Kang Fu Ling" (KFL) against high power microwave (HPM)-induced myocardial injury and the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in KFL protection. Male Wistar rats (100) were divided into 5 equal groups: no treatment, radiation only, or radiation followed by treatment with KFL at 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/day. Electrocardiography was used to Electrophysiological examination. Histological and ultrastructural changes in heart tissue and isolated mitochondria were observed by light microscope and electron microscopy. mPTP opening and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Connexin-43 (Cx-43) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) was detected by western blotting. At 7 days after radiation, rats without KFL treatment showed a significantly lower heart rate (P<0.01) than untreated controls and a J point shift. Myocyte swelling and rearrangement were evident. Mitochondria exhibited rupture, and decreased fluorescence intensity, suggesting opening of mPTP and a consequent reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment with 1.5 g/kg/day KFL for 7 d, the heart rate increased significantly (P<0.01), and the J point shift was reduced flavorfully (P<0.05) compared to untreated, irradiated rats; myocytes and mitochondria were of normal morphology. The fluorescence intensities of dye-treated mitochondria were also increased, suggesting inhibition of mPTP opening and preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The microwave-induced decrease of Cx-43 and VDAC protein expression was significantly reversed. Microwave radiation can cause electrophysiological, histological and

  17. The compound Chinese medicine "Kang Fu Ling" protects against high power microwave-induced myocardial injury.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xueyan Zhang

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The prevention and treatment of Microwave-caused cardiovascular injury remains elusive. This study investigated the cardiovascular protective effects of compound Chinese medicine "Kang Fu Ling" (KFL against high power microwave (HPM-induced myocardial injury and the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP opening in KFL protection. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (100 were divided into 5 equal groups: no treatment, radiation only, or radiation followed by treatment with KFL at 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/day. Electrocardiography was used to Electrophysiological examination. Histological and ultrastructural changes in heart tissue and isolated mitochondria were observed by light microscope and electron microscopy. mPTP opening and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Connexin-43 (Cx-43 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC was detected by western blotting. RESULTS: At 7 days after radiation, rats without KFL treatment showed a significantly lower heart rate (P<0.01 than untreated controls and a J point shift. Myocyte swelling and rearrangement were evident. Mitochondria exhibited rupture, and decreased fluorescence intensity, suggesting opening of mPTP and a consequent reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment with 1.5 g/kg/day KFL for 7 d, the heart rate increased significantly (P<0.01, and the J point shift was reduced flavorfully (P<0.05 compared to untreated, irradiated rats; myocytes and mitochondria were of normal morphology. The fluorescence intensities of dye-treated mitochondria were also increased, suggesting inhibition of mPTP opening and preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The microwave-induced decrease of Cx-43 and VDAC protein expression was significantly reversed. CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation can

  18. 地铁隧道活塞风实测及特征分析%Subway piston wind measurement and analysis of Xi'an metro Line 2

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    齐江浩; 赵蕾; 王君; 李德辉; 郭永桢; 邓保顺

    2016-01-01

    A station of Xi'an Metro Line 2 is selected as study object.The wind speed and temperature in run-ning tunnel and piston ventilation shafts of uplink and downlink is analyzed.The airflow movement,piston wind regular pattern of running tunnel and piston ventilation shafts during train running in the coldest month of winter and the hottest month of summer is also studied.According to the result,for the station with platform screen doors,piston wind greatly influence the surroundings of tunnel and piston ventilation shaft.The subway piston wind is significantly influenced by indoor and outdoor difference in temperature,structure of tunnel,the workings of train,air resistance,trains meeting and so on.%对西安地铁2号线某站上、下行线隧道以及活塞风道中的风速和温度进行监测,分析冬季最冷月和夏季最热月列车行驶过程中隧道与活塞风道内气流的运动特性及其动态变化规律.研究结果表明:对于安装有屏蔽门的车站,列车活塞风对隧道空间和活塞风道环境影响巨大,活塞风大小主要受室外与地下温度差异、隧道结构、列车运行状况、行驶空气阻力、空气与壁面之间的摩擦及列车会车情况等因素影响.

  19. The washout effects of rainfall on atmospheric particulate pollution in two Chinese cities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Ling-Chuan; Zhang, Yonghui; Lin, Hualiang; Zeng, Weilin; Liu, Tao; Xiao, Jianpeng; Rutherford, Shannon; You, Jing; Ma, Wenjun

    2016-08-01

    Though rainfall is recognized as one of the main mechanisms to reduce atmospheric particulate pollution, few studies have quantified this effect, particularly the corresponding lag effect and threshold. This study aimed to investigate the association between rainfall and air quality using a distributed lag non-linear model. Daily data on ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm and from 2.5 to 10 μm) and meteorological factors were collected in Guangzhou and Xi'an from 2013 to 2014. A better washout effect was found for PM2.5-10 than for PM2.5, and the rainfall thresholds for both particle fractions were 7 mm in Guangzhou and 1 mm in Xi'an. The decrease in PM2.5 levels following rain lasted for 3 and 6 days in Guangzhou and Xi'an, respectively. Rainfall had a better washout effect in Xi'an compared with that in Guangzhou. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of the washout effects of rainfall on particulate pollution, which may help to understand the category and sustainability of dust-haze and enforce anthropogenic control measures in time. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase is a novel predictor for poor prognosis in gastric cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xian Y

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Yun Xian,1,* Shu Zhang,2,* Xudong Wang,3 Jin Qin,2 Wei Wang,2 Han Wu4 1School of Public Health, Nantong University, 2Department of Pathology, 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, 4Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH acts as a key metabolic enzyme in the rate-limiting step in serine biosynthesis and plays an important role in metastasis of several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of PHGDH in gastric cancer (GC. Methods: The messenger RNA expression of PHGDH was determined in 20 pairs of cancerous and adjacent nontumor tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry of PHGDH was performed on tissue microarray, composed of 482 GC and 64 matched adjacent nontumor tissues acquired from surgery, 20 chronic gastritis, 18 intestinal metaplasia, and 31 low-grade and 66 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias acquired through gastric endoscopic biopsy. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to perform survival analyses. Results: Both PHGDH messenger RNA and protein product exhibited GC tissue-preferred expression, when compared with benign tissues. The high PHGDH expression was significantly correlated with histological type (P=0.011, tumor stage (P=0.014, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (P<0.001. A negative correlation was found between PHGDH expression and the 5-year survival rate of patients with GC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that PHGDH was an independent prognostic factor for outcome in GC. Conclusion: PHGDH is important in predicting patient outcomes and is a potential target for the development of therapeutic approaches to GC. Keywords: metabolism, gastric cancer, prognosis, serine biosynthesis

  1. Desempenho cognitivo-linguístico de escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem Rendimiento cognitivo-lingüístico de estudiantes con trastornos de aprendizaje Cognitive-linguistic performance of students with learning disabilities

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    Cláudia Silva

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available O estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar e comparar o desempenho cognitivo-linguístico de escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem com escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico. Participaram 40 escolares de 8 a 12 anos de idade, de 2ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental de escolas municipais da cidade de Marília - SP, divididos em GI (escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico e GII (escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem. Como procedimento foi utilizado o Teste de Desempenho Cognitivo-Linguístico, versões coletiva e individual. Os resultados evidenciaram desempenho superior do GI em relação ao GII nas habilidades de leitura, escrita, velocidade de processamento, processamento auditivo e visual. Concluiu-se que o desempenho inferior do GII nas habilidades indica uma limitação no desempenho linguístico desses escolares se comparados com os do GI, exceto na habilidade de consciência fonológica, em que, os grupos apresentaram dificuldades semelhantes, sugerindo que essa dificuldade não seja específica de escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem.El estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar y comparar el rendimiento cognitivo-lingüístico de estudiantes con trastornos de aprendizaje con estudiantes con buen rendimiento académico. Los participantes fueron 40 niños escolares de 8 a 12 años de edad, de 2º a 4º grados de la escuela primaria de la ciudad de Marília-SP. Fueron divididos en GI (estudiantes con buen rendimiento académico y GII (estudiantes con trastornos de aprendizaje. El procedimiento utilizado fue la prueba de rendimiento cognitivo-lingüístico, colectivo e individual. Los resultados sugieren desempeño superior del GI si comparado con GII en las habilidades de lectura, escrita, velocidad de procesamiento, procesamiento auditivo y visual. Conclusión: el rendimiento inferior de GII en las habilidades apuntando a una limitación en la actuación lingüística de los estudiantes frente al GI, excepto en la habilidad de

  2. Análisis de las competencias lingüísticas y digitales en el marco de los estudios universitarios de turismo en España (Analysing the language and digital competences within the framework of the university tourism studies in Spain)

    OpenAIRE

    López Pérez, Mª Carmen; Manjón García, Juan Vicente

    2009-01-01

    Resumen: Los estudios de turismo en España, como el resto de las titulaciones universitarias, están inmersosen la adaptación de sus Planes de estudios al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Las competencias, y másen concreto las competencias profesionales, captan gran parte de la atención en la reformulación pedagógica deldiseño de los Grados. En nuestro caso, las lingüísticas y las referidas a las TIC´s centran la investigación, ya queambas son imprescindibles a la hora de definir el perf...

  3. Electrical circuit model of ITO/AZO/Ge photodetector.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patel, Malkeshkumar; Kim, Joondong

    2017-10-01

    In this data article, ITO/AZO/Ge photodetector was investigated for electrical circuit model. Due to the double (ITO and AZO) transparent metal-oxide films (DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2016.03.007) (Yun et al., 2016) [1], the Ge heterojunction device has a better interface quality due to the AZO layer with a low electrical resistance due to the ITO layer (Yun et al., 2015) [2]. The electrical and interfacial benefitted ITO/AZO/Ge heterojunction shows the quality Schottky junction. In order to investigate the device, the ITO/AZO/Ge heterojunction was analyzed by R-C circuit model using the impedance spectroscopy.

  4. Distancias lingüísticas y culturales: Dios en los refraneros de espanõl y el portugués

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    Germán Zárate-Sández

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el uso de la palabra Dios/Deus en los refraneros del español y el portugués. Se analizaron 917 proverbios en dos corpus, uno para cada lengua. Un primer análisis identificó un alto grado de semejanzas en las categorías temáticas en las que se agruparon los refranes, lo que se atribuye a un substrato común en el entendimiento de Dios en ambas culturas. Sin embargo, al nivel de refranes individuales, el análisis reveló un bajo nivel de coincidencias entre los dos idiomas (alrededor del 25%. Estas semejanzas están compuestas mayoritariamente por referencias generales a Dios y a la religión, mientras que las diferencias (75% surgen principalmente de refranes que contienen experiencias y valoraciones más concretas y de la vida cotidiana de cada comunidad. La estructura sintáctica y la selección léxica parecen aportar también a la diferenciación entre los dos corpus, especialmente al priorizar elementos de la forma del proverbio (tales como asonancia y uso de metáforas. Finalmente, los resultados se discuten considerando diferencias culturales y lingüísticas entre los dos idiomas, siguiendo la premisa de que los proverbios forman un género discursivo que permite estudiar sistemáticamente ciertos procesoshistóricos de una comunidad de habla (OBELKEVICH, 1987.

  5. A multiple-dimension liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry data strategy for the rapid discovery and identification of unknown compounds from a Chinese herbal formula (Er-xian decoction).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Caihong; Zhang, Jinlan; Wu, Caisheng; Wang, Zhe

    2017-10-06

    It is very important to rapidly discover and identify the multiple components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. High performance liquid chromatography with high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS) has been widely used to analyze TCM formula and contains multiple-dimension data including retention time (RT), high resolution mass (HRMS), multiple-stage mass spectrometric (MS n ), and isotope intensity distribution (IID) data. So it is very necessary to exploit a useful strategy to utilize multiple-dimension data to rapidly probe structural information and identify chemical compounds. In this study, a new strategy to initiatively use the multiple-dimension LC-MS data has been developed to discover and identify unknown compounds of TCM in many styles. The strategy guarantees the fast discovery of candidate structural information and provides efficient structure clues for identification. The strategy contains four steps in sequence: (1) to discover potential compounds and obtain sub-structure information by the mass spectral tree similarity filter (MTSF) technique, based on HRMS and MS n data; (2) to classify potential compounds into known chemical classes by discriminant analysis (DA) on the basis of RT and HRMS data; (3) to hit the candidate structural information of compounds by intersection sub-structure between MTSF and DA (M,D-INSS); (4) to annotate and confirm candidate structures by IID data. This strategy allowed for the high exclusion efficiency (greater than 41%) of irrelevant ions in er-xian decoction (EXD) while providing accurate structural information of 553 potential compounds and identifying 66 candidates, therefore accelerating and simplifying the discovery and identification of unknown compounds in TCM formula. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Foro de investigación, UBACyT F114, "Servio y la custodia de la autoridad lingüística: análisis de la especificidad genérico discursiva de Vergili Carmina Commentarii (libri I-II)

    OpenAIRE

    Pégolo, Liliana

    2007-01-01

    En el marco de la conjunción genérica del tardoantiguo, el comentario resulta una práctica metatextual ejercida sobre la tradición anterior que obedecía a la formación escolar de los futuros cuerpos de la administración imperial. Los Commentarii de Servio a la Eneida de Virgilio sintetizan de manera paradigmática la mirada sincrética sobre el pasado literario, ya que se incluyen percepciones en el orden mitológico, filosófico e histórico, sin excluir lo específicamente lingüístico. La época a...

  7. Electrical circuit model of ITO/AZO/Ge photodetector

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malkeshkumar Patel

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available In this data article, ITO/AZO/Ge photodetector was investigated for electrical circuit model. Due to the double (ITO and AZO transparent metal-oxide films (DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2016.03.007 (Yun et al., 2016 [1], the Ge heterojunction device has a better interface quality due to the AZO layer with a low electrical resistance due to the ITO layer (Yun et al., 2015 [2]. The electrical and interfacial benefitted ITO/AZO/Ge heterojunction shows the quality Schottky junction. In order to investigate the device, the ITO/AZO/Ge heterojunction was analyzed by R–C circuit model using the impedance spectroscopy.

  8. MARIA BEATRIZ FONTANELLA DE WEINBERG, El español bonaerense. Cuatro siglos de evolución lingüistica (1 580-1980 . Buenos Aires, Hachette, 1987.174p.

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    José Luis Rivarola

    1988-06-01

    Full Text Available La evolución lingüística del español de Buenos Aires ha sido materia de varios trabajos anteriores de la autora quien en este libro reúne los resultados de sus investigaciones en un panorama que abarca cuatro siglos. Hasta donde llega mi información, es el primer trabajo de conjunto que comprende todo el desarrollo histórico de un español regional americano; con esto ya queda anticipada su novedad y su importancia, pues es un hecho conocido que la historia del español de América no ha sido objeto de estudios sistemáticos de conjunto y de amplio alcance cronológico. Además, se sustenta en el examen de un amplio corpus documental, para cuya información y evaluación se ha tenido muy presente la fiabilidad de la transcripción y la representatividad sociolingüística; este corpus se completa con fuentes secundarias, especialmente ricas a partir del s. XIX (tratados preceptivos, literatura costumbrista.

  9. Proteasome activity related with the daily physical activity of COPD patients

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    Lee KY

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Kang-Yun Lee,1,2,* Tzu-Tao Chen,1,* Ling-Ling Chiang,1,3 Hsiao-Chi Chuang,1,3 Po-Hao Feng,1,2 Wen-Te Liu,1–3 Kuan-Yuan Chen,1 Shu-Chuan Ho1,3 1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 2Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 3School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: COPD is a debilitating disease that affects patients’ daily lives. One’s daily physical activity (DPA decreases due to multifactorial causes, and this decrease is correlated with a poor prognosis in COPD patients. Muscle wasting may at least be partly due to increased activity of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and apoptosis.Methods: This study investigated the relationships among DPA, circulating proteasome activity, and protein carbonyl in COPD patients and healthy subjects (HSs. This study included 57 participants (42 patients and 15 healthy subjects. Ambulatory DPA was measured using actigraphy, and oxygen saturation was measured with a pulse oximeter.Results: COPD patients had lower DPA, lower 6 min walking distance (6MWD, lower delta saturation pulse oxygenation (SpO2 during the 6MWT, and lower delta SpO2 during DPA than HSs. COPD patients had higher proteasome activity and protein carbonyl than HSs. Circulating proteasome activity was significantly negatively correlated with DPA (r=−0.568, P<0.05 in COPD patients, whereas delta SpO2 during the 6MWT was significantly positively correlated with proteasome activity (r=0.685, P<0.05 in HSs. Protein carbonyl was significantly negatively correlated with the body mass index (r=−0.318, P<0.05, mid-arm circumference (r=0.350, P<0.05, calf circumference (r=0.322, P<0.05, forced expiratory volume in the first second (r=−0.441, P<0

  10. Detección de trastornos alimentarios en niños: adaptación lingüística y conceptual del Children's Eating Attitudes Test (CHEAT Detection of eating disorders in children: linguistic and conceptual adaptation of the Children´S Eating Attitudes Test (CHEAT

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    Luciana Elizathe

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar la adaptación lingüística y conceptual del Children`s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT, Maloney, McGuire, & Daniels, 1988, uno de los instrumentos de screening más utilizados internacionalmente para detectar trastornos alimentarios (TA en niños. Con este fin, se procedió a realizar una traducción del instrumento del idioma original -inglés- al idioma local-castellano-. Este primer borrador fue administrado a una primera prueba piloto con niños de entre 9 y 12 años, tras la cual se realizaron modificaciones en la mayoría de los reactivos a fin de adecuarlos al nivel de comprensión y a las expresiones lingüísticas propias de los niños de nuestro medio. A continuación, cinco expertos en TA analizaron el segundo borrador obtenido y evaluaron la adecuación de los ítems para detectar TA en niños. Por último se procedió a evaluar la versión final en una segunda prueba piloto con niños de entre 12 y 13 años. Se mantuvo dicha versión, dado que no se detectaron dificultades. Finalmente, puede concluirse que se cuenta con una adaptación lingüística y conceptualmente adecuada a niños y niñas de nuestro contexto cultural.The purpose of this work is to present the linguistic and conceptual adaptation of the Children´s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT, Maloney, McGuire & Daniels, 1988, one of the best known screening instruments to detect eating disorders (ED in children. With this end, a translation from the original language -english- to the local one -spanish- was performed. The first draft was tested with children between the ages of 9 to 12 years old, and after that some of the items had to be modified in order to obtain a reliable test of the understanding and linguistic expressions used by the local children. Next, five experts in ED analyzed a second draft and evaluated and assessed the adequacy of the items to evaluate ED in children. Last, a final test was conducted with children

  11. Salmonella spp. em carcaças, carne mecanicamente separada, lingüiças e cortes comerciais de frango Salmonella spp. in carcasses, mechanically deboned meat, sausages and chicken meat

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    Angela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Alimentos de origem animal representam papel fundamental na epidemiologia das salmoneloses humanas. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, a carne de frango ainda é passível de contaminação bacteriana, especialmente por microrganismos do gênero Salmonella, que podem encontrar-se albergados no trato intestinal ou em outra parte do corpo das aves. O presente trabalho objetivou pesquisar a ocorrência de Salmonella em carne de frango e derivados procedentes da região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram analisadas, através do método convencional de cultivo, 45 amostras de carcaças, 60 de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS, 25 de lingüiça de frango, 20 de peito, e 15 de coxa e sobre-coxa. Salmonella spp. foi encontrada em 13,3% (6/45 das carcaças, 25% (15/60 das amostras de CMS, 16% (4/25 das lingüiças, 30% (6/20 dos peitos e 13,3% (2/15 das coxas e sobre-coxas analisadas. Do total de 165 amostras analisadas, 33 (20% apresentaram contaminação por Salmonella estando, portanto, impróprias para o consumo conforme legislação brasileira.Food of animal origin represents an important role in the epidemiology of human salmonellosis. In spite of the technological improvement, the chicken meat is subjected to bacterial contamination, mainly by microorganisms of the genus Salmonella that can be found in the intestinal tract or elsewhere on the chicken body. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella in chicken meat and cuts from the Northeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil. By conventional cultivation microbiological methods, 45 samples of carcasses, 60 samples of mechanically deboned meat (MDM, 25 samples of chicken sausages, 20 samples of chest, and 15 samples of chicken leg and thigh. Salmonella was found in 13.3% (6/45 of the carcass, 25% (15/60 of the MDM, 16% (4/25 of the sausages, 30% (6/20 of the chests and 13.3% (2/15 of the tight analysed. The results showed that 33 (20% out of 165 samples were

  12. "Te Enseño a Jugar": Caracterización de Movimientos Interaccionales y Formas Lingüísticas Mediante las Cuales se Regula la Interacción Lúdica "I Teach You How to Play": Description of the Interactional Movements and Linguistics Forms Used to Regulate Play Interactions

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    Alejandra Stein

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available El lenguaje regula la actividad humana, incluyendo el juego; simultáneamente, el juego constituye un medio para el desarrollo lingüístico (Katherine Nelson, 1996; Vigotsky, 1988. El juego resulta un contexto privilegiado para los usos regulativos del lenguaje y para el desarrollo del discurso instructivo (Graves, 1992. Se analiza una muestra intencional conformada por 31 situaciones de juego en las que participaron en el hogar 10 niños de 4 años de barrios marginados de Argentina. El análisis cualitativo (Strauss & Corbin, 2002 mostró distintos movimientos interaccionales (modelado, preguntas, comparaciones y formas lingüísticas de regulación de la situación (imperativos, frases verbales de obligación usados por los adultos, que pueden contribuir al desarrollo del discurso instructivo de los niños.Language regulates human activity, including play; simultaneously, play is a means for linguistic development (Katherine Nelson, 1996; Vigotsky, 1988. Play situations are a privileged context for the regulative uses of language and for the development of instructional discourse (Graves, 1992. Within this framework, in this paper a purposive sample that includes 31 play situations is analyzed. In these situations participated 10 4-year-old children from marginalized neighbourhoods in Argentina. The qualitative analysis (Strauss & Corbin, 2002 showed that adults used different interactional movements (modelling, questions, comparisons alongside with linguistic forms of regulating the situation (imperatives, verbal phrases of obligation, all of which can contribute to the development of instructional discourse in children.

  13. Actitudes lingüísticas en Ecuador. Una tradición normativa que subsiste

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    Esthela Flores Mejía

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Quito, hacia al español del Ecuador y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 395 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El estudio presentado es el primero de esta naturaleza que se realiza en Ecuador; sus resultados muestran, de forma general, la forma de hablar de la provincia de Loja es la que cuenta con mayor prestigio, en contraste con el bajo aprecio por el habla de Guayaquil y Cuenca. Los habitantes de la Capital reconocen como similar la forma de hablar de las provincias aledañas a la suya y diferentes sobre todo a las provincias de la Costa. En líneas generales se puede establecer que, aunque hay algunas variantes del español que les agradan, como las que se hablan en España y en Colombia, el afecto y el prestigio que los ecuatorianos asignan a su propia forma de hablar es muy fuerte. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Quito, towards Spanish spoken in Ecuador and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 395 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This research study is the first of its kind in Ecuador. Its results show that the Spanish spoken in the Loja province has high prestige, in contrast to the Spanish spoken in Guayaquil and Cuenca. Residents of Quito, the

  14. Drought prediction and sustainable development of the ecological environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, X H; Lv, Z Q; Zhou, X Y; Jiang, N

    2017-12-01

    In the 1990s ecological early warning research began with the aim of elucidating the effect of drought in dry regions of the world. Drought has been a prevalent natural disaster, ravaging the Yun'nan province of China for over 5 years since 2009. Due to the extensive range, depth and devastating losses, the drought has reached a once-in-a-century severity. Yun'nan province suffered particularly badly from the drought, which took its toll on both the ecological environment and the sustainable economic development of the province. We chose to study Pu'er city in Yun'nun province for this research, and analysed the drought traits of Pu'er city utilizing geographic information technology. We applied the Mann-Kendall test for trend, linear tendency estimation and percentage of precipitation anomalies, as well as using combinations of monthly data searches of meteorological reports from 1980-2010. The results showed that except for a small rise in spring precipitation, the overall rainfall of Pu'er city showed a decreasing trend. The results of this study can provide an adequate and reliable theoretical basis and technological methods for use in government decision making, and promote research into early warning ecology.

  15. Análisis de los rasgos lingüísticos de Maus y sus interferencias en la traducción al español

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    Análisis de los rasgos lingüísticos de Maus y sus interferencias en la traducción al español

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Art Spiegelman abrió con Maus (1980-1991 un nuevo camino para la novela gráfica a nivel internacional: entrevistando a su padre, que le cuenta sus memorias sobre el Holocausto, presenta una historia de carácter confesional, inédita hasta entonces en este ámbito de manifestación artístico-literaria. Junto con la impactante representación de los personajes, destaca especialmente la historia de supervivencia en primera persona. En este trabajo, analizamos la importancia del lenguaje en Maus, y más concretamente los rasgos lingüísticos que caracterizan la forma de expresión del protagonista, cuya lengua materna no era el inglés, sino el polaco. Son numerosas las incoherencias y errores intencionados en el original (por ejemplo, “… I can tell you other stories, but such private things, I don’t want you should mention”. Para ello, trataremos de determinar si existen en estas incoherencias parámetros recurrentes y posibles influencias de otra(s lengua(s. Finalmente, analizaremos cómo han podido interferir estas pautas en la traducción al español de una de las novelas gráficas más destacadas del siglo XX y la primera ganadora del Premio Pulitzer en 1992.

  16. O Percurso de uma entrevista no Jornal: alguns procedimentos lingüístico-discursivos na passagem do oral para o escrito e suas conseqüências para a interpretação da enunciação

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    Valéria Aparecida Galioti Silva Prado

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available A passagem da modalidade oral para a escrita, procedimento freqüentena comunicação humana e, em especial para esta pesquisa, na imprensa escrita,produz alterações no discurso. O presente trabalho procura reconhecer algumas estratégias lingüístico-discursivas utilizadas pelos jornalistas na transmissão danotícia, analisando o percurso de uma entrevista, do seu pronunciamento oral atésua publicação no jornal, para verificar em que medida tais estratégias podem servir de instrumento de manipulação de idéias, além de buscar diferenças no trato da notícia nos dois jornais analisados, levando-se em conta o comprometimento de um deles com a fonte de informação.

  17. Galicia-Argentina y cómo gestionar la diversidad lingüística: las lenguas en las leyes sobre los servicios de comunicación audiovisual

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    Graciana Vázquez Villanueva

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la función otorgada a la(s lengua(s en dos leyes sobre servicios audiovisuales: la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual 26552 sancionada el 10/10/2009 por el Congreso nacional en Argentina y la Ley 9/2011, del 9/11/2011, de los Medios Públicos de Comunicación Audiovisual de Galicia. Realizamos una indagación glotopolitica a partir del contraste entre ambas leyes no sólo porque exponen distintas maneras de intervención del estado, sino porque otorgan a las lenguas una ubicación de privilegio (la ley argentina o de reducción (la ley gallega como consecuencia de la incidencia del proceso neoliberal. Nos detenemos en ciertos problemas que articulan fuertemente lo político y lo lingüístico en la medida en que la producción audiovisual en lengua propia se presenta como núcleo promotor de un imaginario socio-cultural, como espacio para la normalización de una lengua y como factor de cohesión social e identidad. Estudiamos, además, el discurso intelectual gallego que formula una clara resistencia a esta planificación estatal.

  18. Suppression of Ongoing Experimental Arthritis by a Chinese Herbal Formula (Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan Involves Changes in Antigen-Induced Immunological and Biochemical Mediators of Inflammation

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    Ying-Hua Yang

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Rheumatoid arthritis (RA is one of the major autoimmune diseases of global prevalence. The use of the anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of RA is associated with severe adverse reactions and toxicity. This limitation has necessitated the search for novel therapeutic products. We report here a traditional Chinese medicine-based herbal formula, Huo luo xiao ling dan (HLXL, which has potent antiarthritic activity as validated in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA model. HLXL (2.3 g/Kg was fed to Lewis (RT.11 rats daily by gavage beginning at the onset of arthritis and then continued through the observation period. HLXL inhibited the severity of ongoing AA. This suppression of arthritis was associated with significant alterations in the T cell proliferative and cytokine responses as well as the antibody response against the disease-related antigen, mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65. There was a reduction in the level of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β but enhancement of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level. In addition, there was inhibition of both the anti-Bhsp65 antibody response and the serum level of nitric oxide. Thus, HLXL is a promising CAM modality for further testing in RA patients.

  19. Actitudes lingüísticas en el Perú. Predominancia del castellano de la costa central y norte

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    Ana Gloria Arias Torres

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Lima hacia al español del Perú y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Como conclusión se ha comprobado que la mayoría de la población identifica su forma de hablar con las variedades de las zonas de la costa central y norte. Específicamente tienen valoración positiva las hablas de Lima y Trujillo; la valoración negativa se observa en algunas hablas de la capital, la sierra sur, la sierra central, y el oriente norte, por considerarlas formas muy diferentes, con acentos muy marcados. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Lima towards Spanish spoken in Peru and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results confirm that most of the population of the capital perceive their own speech to be very similar to the Spanish spoken in the central and northern regions of the country. The Spanish variety of Lima and Trujillo are valued positively, while some dialects of the capital, the southern and central sierras and the northeastern region are considered very different due to their strong accents.

  20. Efficacy of atorvastatin on the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liu L

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Ling-Yun Liu,1 Yang Liu,2 Mei-Yan Wu,2 Yan-Yan Sun,3 Fu-Zhe Ma2 1Department of Andrology, 2Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 3Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China Background: Results of studies on the efficacy of atorvastatin pretreatment on reducing the prevalence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI have been controversial.Objective: We undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN after CAG or PCI.Materials and methods: We undertook a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2017. A meta-analysis was carried out including randomized controlled trials (RCTs that compared atorvastatin pretreatment with pretreatment with a low-dose statin or placebo for CIAKI prevention in patients undergoing CAG. The main endpoint was CIN prevalence.Results: Nine RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. Atorvastatin pretreatment reduced the prevalence of CIN significantly (odds ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.27–0.79; p=0.004. The benefit of high-dose atorvastatin pretreatment was consistent when compared with the control group (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21–0.95; p=0.04.Conclusion: At high doses, atorvastatin pretreatment was associated with a significant reduction in the prevalence of CIAKI in patients undergoing CAG. Pretreatment with high-dose atorvastatin could be employed to prevent CIAKI. Keywords: atorvastatin, contrast-induced acute kidney injury, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, contrast-induced nephropathy, meta-analysis

  1. Comparative effects of different enteral feeding methods in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy: a network meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhang ZH

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Zhihong Zhang,1,2 Yu Zhu,1 Yun Ling,3 Lijuan Zhang,1 Hongwei Wan1 1Department of Nursing, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, 2Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 3Department of Human Resource, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Nasogastric tube (NGT and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy were frequently used in the head and neck cancer patients when malnutrition was present. Nevertheless, the evidence was inclusive in terms of the choice and the time of tube placement. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate the comparative effects of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (pPEG, reactive percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (rPEG, and NGT in the head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier were searched from inception to October 2015. Thirteen studies enrolling 1,631 participants were included in this network meta-analysis. The results indicated that both pPEG and NGT were superior to rPEG in the management of weight loss. pPEG was associated with the least rate of treatment interruption and nutrition-related hospital admission among pPEG, rPEG, and NGT. Meanwhile, there was no difference in tube-related complications. Our study suggested that pPEG might be a better choice in malnutrition management in the head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. However, its effects need to be further investigated in more randomized controlled trials. Keywords: malnutrition, tube feeding, weight loss, treatment interruption, readmission, complication

  2. Analysis of hospitalization expenditures and influencing factors for inpatients with coronary heart disease in a tier-3 hospital in Xi'an, China: A retrospective study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Jing-Mei; Zhang, Xian-Zhi; Hu, Xue-Jun; Chen, Huo-Liang; Yu, Min

    2017-12-01

    The medical costs for inpatients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have risen to unprecedented levels, putting tremendous financial pressure on their families and the entire society. The objective of this study was to examine the actual direct medical costs of inpatients with CHD and to analyze the influencing factors of those costs, to provide advice on the prevention and control of high medical costs of patients with CHD. A retrospective descriptive analysis of hospitalization expenditures data examined 10,301 inpatients with coronary heart disease of a tier-3 hospital in Xi'an from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The data included demographic information, the average length of stay, and different types of expenses incurred during the hospitalization period. The difference between different groups was analyzed using a univariate analysis, and the influencing factors of hospitalization expenditures were explored by the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. The average age of these patients was 60.0 years old, the average length of stay was 4.0 days, and the majority were males (7172, 69.6%). The average hospitalization expenses were $6791.38 (3294.16-9, 732.59), and the top 3 expenses were medical consumables, operation fees, and drugs. The influencing factors of hospitalization expenditures included the length of stay, the number of times of admission, the type of medical insurance schemes, whether have a surgery or not, the gender, the age, and the marriage status. The inpatients with CHD in this tier-3 hospital were mostly over 45 years old. The average medical cost of males was much higher than that of females. Our findings suggest that the solution for tremendous hospitalization expenditures should be that more attention is paid to controlling the high expense of medical consumables and that the traditional method of reducing medical expenses by shortening the length of stay is still important in nowadays. Furthermore, the type of medical

  3. Planning of decontamination and bleaching of textiles in an industrial cycle; Programmation des operations de decontamination et de blanchissage du linge dans un cycle industriel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boutot, Pierre; Schipfer, Pierre [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA, Centre de Production de Plutonium de Marcoule, Service de Protection contre les Radiations (France)

    1964-10-15

    This note describes the operational planning for the decontamination and bleaching of textiles (clothes, protections, etc.) worn by personnel, in industrial-type washing machines. Various tests have been conducted with contaminated cotton samples using different cleaning products (and quantities) and various temperature cycles. The performance of the washing cycle (soaking, pre-washing, washing, rinsing) is discussed in terms of decontamination and washing efficiency, textile wear and resistance to shrinkage, whiteness, etc. The experimental washing machine is described [French] Cette etude programme les operations de decontamination et de blanchissage du linge au sein d'un cycle de traitement tel qu'il apparait dans les machines a laver industrielles a fort indice de production. Les echantillons de cotonnade, contamines au moyen de produits de fission, sont de meme nature que le tissu des vetements de protection. En matiere de decontamination les meilleurs resultats sont obtenus apres un trempage faiblement acide et un prelavage au moyen d'un sequestrant. Dans le cadre du blanchissage, seule une lessive industrielle employee dans la phase de lavage peut conferer aux tissus la luminance que requiert leur bonne presentation. Les taches persistantes sont effacees par blanchiment au cours du rincage tiede. Une analyse terminale permet de constater que l'usure des vetements est davantage liee aux conditions d'utilisation qu'aux operations de lavage et de decontamination. (auteurs)

  4. 76 FR 22111 - Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-20

    ..., MD 20892. (Telephone Conference Call.) Contact Person: Lawrence Ka-Yun Ng, PhD, Scientific Review... Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: April 12, 2011. Jennifer S. Spaeth, Director, Office of Federal Advisory...

  5. 76 FR 47218 - Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-04

    ..., Bethesda, MD 20892, (Telephone Conference Call). Contact Person: Lawrence Ka-Yun Ng, PhD, Scientific Review..., HHS) Dated: July 28, 2011. Jennifer S. Spaeth, Director, Office of Federal Advisory Committee Policy...

  6. Fusion between fluid liposomes and intact bacteria: study of driving parameters and in vitro bactericidal efficacy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang Z

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Zhao Wang,1,2* Yufan Ma,1,3,4* Hayssam Khalil,1 Rutao Wang,1–3 Tingli Lu,1 Wen Zhao,1 Yang Zhang,3 Jamin Chen,1,2 Tao Chen,1–3  1Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 2Shaanxi Liposome Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 3Xi'an Libang Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Xi'an, 4School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work. Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a good model of antibiotic resistance. These organisms have an outer membrane with a low level of permeability to drugs that is often combined with multidrug efflux pumps, enzymatic inactivation of the drug, or alteration of its molecular target. The acute and growing problem of antibiotic resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics made it imperative to develop new liposome formulations for antibiotics, and investigate the fusion between liposome and bacterium. Methods: In this study, the factors involved in fluid liposome interaction with bacteria have been investigated. We also demonstrated a mechanism of fusion between liposomes (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DPPC]/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [DMPG] 9:1, mol/mol in a fluid state, and intact bacterial cells, by lipid mixing assay. Results: The observed fusion process is shown to be mainly dependent on several key factors. Perturbation of liposome fluidity by addition of cholesterol dramatically decreased the degree of fusion with P. aeruginosa from 44% to 5%. It was observed that fusion between fluid liposomes and bacteria and also the bactericidal activities were strongly dependent upon the properties of the bacteria themselves. The level of fusion detected when fluid liposomes were mixed with Escherichia coli (66% or P. aeruginosa (44% seems to be correlated to their outer membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE phospholipids

  7. Aplicación pedagógica de la lingüística de corpus a una clase de gramática avanzada de español como segunda lengua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paz, Yanira

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio recoge las experiencias de la enseñanza de un curso de gramática avanzada de español como segunda lengua usando la lingüística de corpus (LC como herramienta pedagógica. Si bien el uso pedagógico de LC en lenguas como el inglés ha sido ampliamente reportado, son escasos los estudios relacionados con el español. Como se desprenderá de estas experiencias, la LC permite el estudio de las estructuras de la lengua (objetivo de una clase de gramática avanzada y, al mismo tiempo, permite ver estas estructuras y sus usos en producciones reales y naturales aparte de presentarlas en contextos textuales y culturales auténticos. La LC se constituye, de esta manera, en una forma de aprendizaje mediante el uso de datos (‘data-driven learning’. El/la estudiante investigador/a usa datos, en un proceso inductivo, para llegar a la proposición de reglas gramaticales; todo lo contrario de lo que ha sido la enseñanza tradicional de la gramática del español como primera o segunda lengua.

  8. Peng et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(5):35-45 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Proff.Adewunmi

    as a kind of specific application of syndrome differentiation, You Gu Wu Yun, documented .... Zhi-Zhu-Wan (ZZW), a famous Chinese medical preparation used to treat functional dyspepsia, contains Aurantii fructus ..... Abdominal pain, vomiting,.

  9. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is a robust enhancer of anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma multicellular spheroids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cui J

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Jie Cui,1,2 Ya-Huan Guo,3 Hong-Yi Zhang,4 Li-Li Jiang,1 Jie-Qun Ma,1 Wen-Juan Wang,1 Min-Cong Wang,1 Cheng-Cheng Yang,1 Ke-Jun Nan,1 Li-Ping Song5 1Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 2Department of Oncology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, 3Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 4Department of Urology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, 5Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China Purpose: Celecoxib, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2, was investigated for enhancement of chemotherapeutic efficacy in cancer clinical trials. This study aimed to determine whether celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib or gefitinib is beneficial in HepG2 multicellular spheroids (MCSs, as well as elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 MCSs were used as in vitro models to investigate the effects of celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib or gefitinib treatment on cell growth, apoptosis, and signaling pathway. Results: MCSs showed resistance to drugs compared with monolayer cells. Celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib exhibited a synergistic action. Exposure to celecoxib (21.8 µmol/L plus 5-fluorouracil (8.1 × 10-3 g/L or sorafenib (4.4 µmol/L increased apoptosis but exerted no effect on COX2, phosphorylated epidermal growth-factor receptor (p-EGFR and phosphorylated (p-AKT expression. Gefitinib (5 µmol/L, which exhibits no growth-inhibition activity as a single agent, increased the inhibitory effect of celecoxib. Gefitinib (5 µmol/L plus celecoxib (21.8 µmol/L increased apoptosis. COX2, p-EGFR, and p-AKT were inhibited. Conclusion: Celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil or sorafenib or gefitinib may be superior to single-agent therapy in HepG2

  10. Calculation and evaluation of the tourism environmental carrying capacity of Xi'an%西安市旅游环境承载力测算与评价研究

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    闫博雅; 毕超

    2011-01-01

    Aim To calculate and evaluate the tourism environmental carrying capacity of Xi'an. Methods The Calculation model of the tourism environmental carrying capacity is used. Results The tourism environmental carrying capacity of Xi'an is 282 600 passengers per day and the lower ecological carrying capacity is the primary factor that constrained tourism environmental carrying capacity in Xi'an. Conclusion Urban tourism environmental carrying capacity is about twice of the number of tourists in Xi'an in 2010, it can be improved by enhancing the city's capacity in terms of solid waste and wastewater treatment in the future.%目的 测算西安市旅游环境承栽力并对测算结果进行评价.方法 运用旅游管理学中的旅游环境承栽力测算模型进行测算.结果 计算出西安市旅游环境承载力为每日28.26万人次,并且发现生态承栽力较低是制约其旅游环境承载力的首要因素.结论 西安市旅游环境承载力约是2010年西安市日均游客接待数量的2倍,可通过改善影响旅游生态承载力的固体废弃物、废水处理能力,大幅提升西安市旅游环境承栽力.

  11. Biosorption of Cr (III) from aqueous solution by the leaf biomass of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Michael Horsfall

    long time contact causes skin allergy and cancer. (Yun et al., 2001). ... same active metal binding sites such as carboxylate or amino groups ..... (silverleaf night shade). Proceedings of ... caviae, cell surface adsorption: Physical. Chemistry and ...

  12. The efficiency and safety of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Her2-positive breast cancer patients: a randomized meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chen ZL

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Zhe-Ling Chen, Yan-Wei Shen, Shu-Ting Li, Chun-Li Li, Ling-Xiao Zhang, Jiao Yang, Meng Lv, Ya-Yun Lin, Xin Wang, Jin Yang Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China Background: The addition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2 therapies to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC during treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer has been proposed as an effective way to improve the prognosis. However, the treatment outcomes of adding trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both to NAC were not unequivocal in randomized clinical trials. Based on these data, a meta-analysis was performed. Objective: The main objective was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to NAC for treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both, added to NAC. The main endpoint was a pathologically complete response (pCR rate, in breast only or in breast and lymph nodes. The drug safety and the influence of hormone-receptor status, comparing the clinical response and the rate of breast conservation, were evaluated. Results: A total of eight publications were included in the primary analysis, designed as two or three subgroups. The cumulative cases were 2,349 and the analyses of all the clinical trials showed that the pCR rate was significantly higher in the group receiving trastuzumab than that in the group with lapatinib, either in breast only (P=0.001 or in breast and lymph nodes (P=0.0001. Similar results could be seen in comparisons of the combination versus trastuzumab group. Further studies of subgroups divided into hormone receptor-positive or-negative patients showed that the addition of trastuzumab or dual Her2-targeted therapy significantly improved the pCR rate in patients who were hormone-insensitive. Regarding the toxic

  13. The Age-Dependent Relationship between Blood Pressure and Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Area of Xi'an, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shang, Suhang; Li, Pei; Deng, Meiying; Jiang, Yu; Chen, Chen; Qu, Qiumin

    2016-01-01

    Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, although the relationship between hypertension and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive impairment. Blood pressure and global cognitive function information was collected from 1799 participants (age 40-85) who lived in a village in the suburbs of Xi'an, China, during in-person interviews. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score lower than the cutoff value. The effect of age on the relationship between blood pressure parameters [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and high blood pressure (HBP, SBP≥140 mm Hg and/or DBP≥90 mm Hg)] and cognitive impairment was analyzed by logistic regression models using interaction and stratified analysis. Blood pressure and age were regarded as both continuous and categorical data. A total of 231 participants were diagnosed as having cognitive impairment based on our criteria. Interaction analysis for the total population showed that SBP (when regarded as continuous data) was positively correlated with cognitive impairment (OR = 1.130 [95% CI, 1.028-1.242] per 10mmHg, P = 0.011); however, the age by SBP interaction term was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.989 [95% CI, 0.982-0.997] per 10mmHg×year, P = 0.006), indicating that the relationship between SBP and cognitive impairment was age-dependent (OR = 1.130×0.989(age-55.5) per 10mmHg,40 ≤age≤85). When the blood pressure and age were considered as binary data, the results were similar to those obtained when they were considered as continuous variables. Stratified multivariate analysis revealed that the relationship between SBP (when regarded as continuous data) and cognitive impairment was positive for patients aged 40-49 years (OR = 1.349 [95% CI: 1

  14. The ScaLIng Macroweather Model (SLIMM): using scaling to forecast global-scale macroweather from months to decades

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lovejoy, S.; del Rio Amador, L.; Hébert, R.

    2015-09-01

    On scales of ≈ 10 days (the lifetime of planetary-scale structures), there is a drastic transition from high-frequency weather to low-frequency macroweather. This scale is close to the predictability limits of deterministic atmospheric models; thus, in GCM (general circulation model) macroweather forecasts, the weather is a high-frequency noise. However, neither the GCM noise nor the GCM climate is fully realistic. In this paper we show how simple stochastic models can be developed that use empirical data to force the statistics and climate to be realistic so that even a two-parameter model can perform as well as GCMs for annual global temperature forecasts. The key is to exploit the scaling of the dynamics and the large stochastic memories that we quantify. Since macroweather temporal (but not spatial) intermittency is low, we propose using the simplest model based on fractional Gaussian noise (fGn): the ScaLIng Macroweather Model (SLIMM). SLIMM is based on a stochastic ordinary differential equation, differing from usual linear stochastic models (such as the linear inverse modelling - LIM) in that it is of fractional rather than integer order. Whereas LIM implicitly assumes that there is no low-frequency memory, SLIMM has a huge memory that can be exploited. Although the basic mathematical forecast problem for fGn has been solved, we approach the problem in an original manner, notably using the method of innovations to obtain simpler results on forecast skill and on the size of the effective system memory. A key to successful stochastic forecasts of natural macroweather variability is to first remove the low-frequency anthropogenic component. A previous attempt to use fGn for forecasts had disappointing results because this was not done. We validate our theory using hindcasts of global and Northern Hemisphere temperatures at monthly and annual resolutions. Several nondimensional measures of forecast skill - with no adjustable parameters - show excellent

  15. Efficient delivery of Notch1 siRNA to SKOV3 cells by cationic cholesterol derivative-based liposome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhao Y

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Yun-Chun Zhao,1 Li Zhang,2 Shi-Sen Feng,3 Lu Hong,3 Hai-Li Zheng,3 Li-Li Chen,4 Xiao-Ling Zheng,1 Yi-Qing Ye,1 Meng-Dan Zhao,1 Wen-Xi Wang,3 Cai-Hong Zheng1 1Pharmacy Department, Women’s Hospital, 2Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 4Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Abstract: A novel cationic cholesterol derivative-based small interfering RNA (siRNA interference strategy was suggested to inhibit Notch1 activation in SKOV3 cells for the gene therapy of ovarian cancer. The cationic cholesterol derivative, N-(cholesterylhemisuccinoyl-amino-3-propyl-N, N-dimethylamine (DMAPA-chems liposome, was incubated with siRNA at different nitrogen-to-phosphate ratios to form stabilized, near-spherical siRNA/DMAPA-chems nanoparticles with sizes of 100–200 nm and zeta potentials of 40–50 mV. The siRNA/DMAPA-chems nanoparticles protected siRNA from nuclease degradation in 25% fetal bovine serum. The nanoparticles exhibited high cell uptake and Notch1 gene knockdown efficiency in SKOV3 cells at an nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio of 100 and an siRNA concentration of 50 nM. They also inhibited the growth and promoted the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells. These results may provide the potential for using cationic cholesterol derivatives as efficient nonviral siRNA carriers for the suppression of Notch1 activation in ovarian cancer cells. Keywords: siRNA, cationic cholesterol derivative, Notch1, ovarian cancer cells

  16. Vigencia de la teoría de la traducción de Andrei Fedorov

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bolaños Cuellar Sergio

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Este trabajo pretende reflexionar en primera instancia sobre el hecho de que la traducción es una operación lingüística que debe ser estudiada por esta disciplina. Reconocido este presupuesto, a menudo olvidado en la lingüística misma, se procede a recuperar y subrayar la importancia y vigencia de los planteamientos del autor ruso Andrei Fedorov en torno a las cuestiones básicas de la ciencia de la traducción: la conciliación de teoría y práctica, el estatus científico de la traducción, su naturaleza lingüística y algunos problemas lingüísticos lexicales, gramaticales y textuales.

  17. Synergism and rules from combination of Baicalin, Jasminoidin and Desoxycholic acid in refined Qing Kai Ling for treat ischemic stroke mice model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jian Li

    Full Text Available Refined Qing-Kai-Ling (QKL, a modified Chinese medicine, consists of three main ingredients (Baicalin, Jasminoidin and Desoxycholic acid, plays a synergistic effect on the treatment of the acute stage of ischemic stroke. However, the rules of the combination and synergism are still unknown. Based on the ischemic stroke mice model, all different kinds of combination of Baicalin, Jasminoidin, and Desoxycholic acid were investigated by the methods of neurological examination, microarray, and genomics analysis. As a result, it confirmed that the combination of three drugs offered a better therapeutical effect on ischemic stroke than monotherapy of each drug. Additionally, we used Ingenuity pathway Analysis (IPA and principal component analysis (PCA to extract the dominant information of expression changes in 373 ischemia-related genes. The results suggested that 5 principal components (PC1-5 could account for more than 95% energy in the gene data. Moreover, 3 clusters (PC1, PC2+PC5, and PC3+PC4 were addressed with cluster analysis. Furthermore, we matched PCs on the drug-target networks, the findings demonstrated that Baicalin related with PC1 that played the leading role in the combination; Jasminoidin related with PC2+PC5 that played a compensatory role; while Desoxycholic acid had the least performance alone which could relate with PC3+PC4 that played a compatible role. These manifestations were accorded with the principle of herbal formulae of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM, emperor-minister-adjuvant-courier. In conclusion, we firstly provided scientific evidence to the classic theory of TCM formulae, an initiating holistic viewpoint of combination therapy of TCM. This study also illustrated that PCA might be an applicable method to analyze the complicated data of drug combination.

  18. Metáforas de Lula e Alckmin nos debates de 2006 em uma perspectiva da Lingüística de Corpus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tony Berber Sardinha

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é contrastar o uso de metáforas pelos dois candidatos no segundo turno das eleições presidenciais de 2006, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e Geraldo Alckmin, para saber até que ponto Lula, que foi vitorioso nas urnas, usou metáforas de modo mais eficaz do que o outro candidato durante os debates televisados. Foi colhido um corpus de transcrições desses debates, que foi então analisado em termos da presença de metáforas lingüísticas e conceptuais. O uso de metáforas dos dois candidatos foi contrastado e a análise revelou que houve poucas diferenças entre os candidatos. Ambos usaram quantidades parecidas delas. A principal diferença entre eles foi em relação à ênfase. Alckmin pulverizou suas metáforas: colocou em cena um número maior delas, mas com poucas ocorrências de cada. Lula foi mais seletivo e o neutralizou, conseguindo concentrar seu discurso em metáforas mais afinadas com seus propósitos.The aim of this study is to contrast the use of metaphors by the two presidential contenders in the runoff of the Brazilian presidential race of 2006, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Geraldo Alckmin, in order to establish if Lula, who was victorious, actually used metaphors in a more effective way than his opponent on the television debates. Metaphor use by both candidates was compared, and the analysis revealed that there were few differences between the two candidates. Both used similar quantities of them. The main difference was stress. Alckmin scattered his metaphors, by putting in place a greater number of them, with few occurrences of each. Lula, on the other hand, was more selective and neutralized his opponent, thus being able to stress metaphors that were better suited to his needs.

  19. El enfoque pragmático en el diseño y proyección de pruebas de evaluación lingüística en edad infantil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milagros Fernández Pérez

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} El trabajo subraya la necesidad de aproximarse al lenguaje infantil desde presupuestos pragmáticos que permitan valorar la comunicación. Sobre todo porque (a los usos  lingüísticos se dan siempre en coordenadas de praxis; (b los patrones de lengua en niños no equivalen a los moldes codificados de los adultos; y (c los posibles trastornos y limitaciones sólo serán ponderables por su grado de eficacia comunicativa y de interacción.

  20. CONTEMPORARY URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CALABAR ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The result showed that the existing urban development spread could be reduced by more than 150% if the current trend of ... density at the core, people tend to seek for building lands at the .... of Wuhan, China, Yun (2011), showed that the.

  1. How we think about depression: The role of linguistic framing

    OpenAIRE

    Florencia Reali; Tania Soriano; Daniela Rodríguez

    2016-01-01

    Las descripciones de los desórdenes emocionales varían de acuerdo a la cultura y los contextos históricos. Recientemente, se ha propuesto que enmarcar lingüísticamente estos desórdenes como enfermedades --- en contraposición a consecuencias de factores psicosociales --- podría ser una estrategia para combatir estigmas. En este trabajo combinamos un análisis del corpus lingüístico y un estudio experimental para explorar las características y consecuencias del enmarque lingüístico en espa˜nol p...

  2. Un camino exitoso por recorrer. Estudio de la implementación de un PLC en un centro educativo.

    OpenAIRE

    Romero Oller, Laura

    2017-01-01

    El desarrollo de la competencia lingüística debe desarrollarse en los diferentes contextos en los que se encuentra inmerso el alumnado, por lo que no puede ser una tarea exclusiva del profesor del área de Lengua. El Proyecto Lingüístico de Centro tiene como objetivo la mejora de la competencia lingüística integrando las diferentes áreas del currículum mediante estrategias y actuaciones innovadoras. En esta investigación se lleva a cabo un estudio sobre la implementación de un Proy...

  3. Planteamientos teóricos y metodológicos de la enseñanza del italiano. Gramática, civilización y texto literario

    OpenAIRE

    Porras Castro, Soledad

    2005-01-01

    [ES] Partiendo de los objetivos de aprendizaje y formas lingüísticas marcados por el Consejo de Europa, hemos analizado las diferentes situaciones comunicativas y las habilidades lingüísticas: ascolto, parlato, lettura y scrittura. En un segundo momento hemos considerado el texto literario y sus aplicaciones a la civilización, considerando siempre el texto como una Unidad Didáctica. La traducción viene considerada siempre bajo el prisma de la Lingüística Aplicada y la Enseñanza de la Gramátic...

  4. [A review for a traditional Chinese medical journal Shou Shi Yi Bao].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Mei-Hua; Sun, Wen-Zhong

    2009-06-01

    Shou Shi Yi Bao was a journal of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) during the period from 1935 to 1937, and was originated by Chen Huan-yun, a TCM physician in Suzhou. It is mainly to transmit the knowledge of TCM and to promote the epidemic prevention capacity of local public. The editorial characteristics and historical value of the journal were explored in initial background, staff writers, editorial policies, contents and the Editor Chen's medical ideas. Shou Shi Yi Bao was supported by many famous TCM physicians, although the journal was originated from the civil society. It was an academic TCM journal with perfect practicability for orientating to the public and highlighting the academic spirit. Chen Huan-yun was a resolute defender of TCM, and had many opinions on clinical practice and lots of scientific suggestions on TCM development. Shou Shi Yi Bao reflected the main characteristics of TCM journals in 1930s. The journal was one of the important documents to study the TCM history during the period of the Republic of China in Jiangsu Province, and it also set a stage for the struggle between TCM and Western medicine at that time. The documentary information of the journal has literature and history values in reflecting the historical process of TCM self-improvement. The success of the journal was due to not only the broken-up sectarian bias and cooperation of the TCM practitioners but also the preponderant geographic and cultural circumstances of Suzhou as well as Chen Huan-yun's profound knowledge in traditional Chinese culture and medicine.

  5. Journal of Chemical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Chemical Sciences; Volume 129; Issue 10. Two new supramolecular compounds induced by novel vinylpyridine cationic templates: synthesis, structures and enhanced photocatalytic properties. MIN XIAO SU-MIN LI YUN-YIN NIU. REGULAR ARTICLE Volume 129 Issue 10 October 2017 pp ...

  6. Manumycin from a new Streptomyces strain shows antagonistic ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Manumycin from a new Streptomyces strain shows antagonistic effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)/vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains from Korean Hospitals. Yun Hee Choi, Seung Sik Cho, Jaya Ram Simkhada, Chi Nam Seong, Hyo Jeong Lee, Hong Seop Moon, Jin Cheol Yoo ...

  7. Studies on the increased heat effect within the rubber tree rows of man-made rubber-tea community

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma Youxin

    1994-01-01

    Differences in the various components of thermal balance and the microclimatic factors within lower layers of rubber tree rows between a man-made rubber-tea community(RTC)and a pure rubber garden(PRG)in the coldest month were studied in Xishuangbanna,Yun-nan province

  8. Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. Jung Rye Lee1 Choonkil Park2 Dong Yun Shin3. Department of Mathematics, Daejin University, Kyeonggi 487-711, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea; Department of Mathematics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea ...

  9. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. Yang Xian-Lin1 2 Tang Jia-Shi1. College of Mechanics and Aerospace, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Hunan Radio and Television University, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China ...

  10. IDRC in China

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    of rapid change and rising inequality. This research has ... As climate change affects their mountain envi- ronments ... tices and lifestyles, changes that are making ... Ocean. KAZAKHSTAN. KYRGYSTAN. TAJIKISTAN. RUSSIA. Lanzhou. Xi'an.

  11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Azamathulla Hazi Mohammad, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, ... Bai Chao-Ying, Chang'an University, Chang'an, Xi'an, China ..... Sikdar Pradip, Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management, Kolkata.

  12. Verdad y apertura de mundo. El problema de los juicios sintéticos a priori tras el giro lingüístico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina LAFONT

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza el impacto del giro lingüístico en la transformación de la concepción kantiana de los juicios sintéticos a priori. Se centra para ello en dos concepciones contemporáneas de los mismos, a saber, el a priori hermenéutico de Heidegger y el a priori contextual de Putnam, y saca a relucir expresamente tanto sus rasgos similares como sus importantes diferencias: mientras que la concepción heideggeriana mantiene el idealismo transcendental de Kant a través de la suposición hermenéutica de que el significado determina la referencia, la concepción de Putnam rompe por completo con la teoría kantiana de los juicios sintéticos a priori, según la cual éstos no pueden ser modificados por la sola experiencia, al tiempo que rechaza la suposición kantiana de que los juicios sintéticos a priori y aposteriori son dos clases permanentes de juicios. En contraste con Heidegger, Putnam es por eso capaz de mostrar que los juicios sintéticos apriori son modificables bajo condiciones especiales.ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the impact of the linguistic turn in the transformation of the Kantian conception of the synthetic a priori. It focuses on two contemporary conceptions of the synthetic apriori, namely, Heidegger's hermeneutic apriori and Putnam's contextual apriori and shows their strikingly similar features as well as their important differences: whereas Heidegger's conception retains Kant's transcendental idealism via the hermeneutic assumption that meaning determines reference, Putnam's conception breaks entirely of Kant's conception fo synthetic a priori judgments, namely, that they cannot be revised by experience alone, while rejecting the Kantian assumption that synthetic apriori and aposteriori are permanent statuses of judgments. In contradistinction to Heidegger, Putnam is thus able to show that synthetic apriori judgments are revisable under special conditions.

  13. Download this PDF file

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dr Olaleye

    Panel k: relative testicular weight, panel L: testicular cell count, panel M: relative epididymal weight, panel N: relative prostate gland weight ..... 66:375-377. Chen J.L., Longo F.J. (1996). .... Jung, E.Y., Lee, B.J., Yun, Y.W., Kang, J.K., Baek, I.J.,.

  14. A double inequality for bounding Toader mean by the centroidal mean

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    A double inequality for bounding Toader mean by the centroidal mean. YUN HUA1,∗ and FENG QI2. 1Department of Information Engineering, Weihai Vocational College, Weihai City,. Shandong Province 264210, China. 2College of Mathematics, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao City,. Inner Mongolia ...

  15. Afasia fluente. Materiales para su estudio.(Volumen 01 del Corpus PerLA)

    OpenAIRE

    Gallardo-Paúls, Beatriz; Sanmartín Sáez, Julia

    2005-01-01

    El corpus PerLA (“Percepción, Lenguaje y Afasia”), surge en el área de Lingüística General de la Universitat de València como respuesta a la necesidad de integrar el estudio de las patologías lingüísticas en las tendencias actuales de la pragmática y la lingüística de corpus. Para satisfacer las exigencias de estas disciplinas y disponer de datos con validez ecológica, se han realizado grabaciones a diferentes hablantes con afasia, en un contexto que intenta alejarse de las convenciones propi...

  16. Sistema de resum automàtic accessible via web service

    OpenAIRE

    Pedrajas Pérez, Samuel

    2015-01-01

    En este proyecto se presenta un sistema de resumen automático que utiliza el método de las cadenas léxicas. Se ha implementado como un módulo para FreeLing, que es una librería open source de análisis lingüístico, y hecho accesible vía web service en TextServer, la plataforma de webservices de TALP. In this project an automatic summarization system which uses the lexical chain method is shown. It has been implemented as a module for FreeLing, an open source language analysis tool suite, an...

  17. A MICROPOROUS METAL–ORGANIC FRAMEWORK WITH OPEN ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Xian, China; 2Key Laboratory for Research and Development of New Medical .... and Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan of undergraduates in Guangdong .... activity and thermodynamic studies of five coodrdinate cobalt(III) Schiff base ...

  18. Fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    4Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, ... availability (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate. Change 2007). ..... the covering of wheat straw that increased the soil temperature and thus ...

  19. Magnetic and microwave-absorbing properties of SrAl 4 Fe 8 O 19 ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The SEM analysis revealed that the coprecipitation process yielded a powder ... Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, ... Manuscript received: 12 September 2010; Manuscript revised: 16 January 2011 ...

  20. La situation politico-linguistique des langues régionales de France: le cas du breton (La situación político-lingüística de las lenguas regionales de Francia: el caso del bretón

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Costa Morales

    2014-11-01

    Desde el punto de vista lingüístico, Francia es un país muy diverso pesar de la supremacía del francés. Para ampliar esta diversidad, algunos esfuerzos tienden a revalorizar las lenguas regionales, incluso a nivel constitucional. Un caso representativo de esta tendencia es el bretón, lengua celta hablada en el oeste de Francia. En la región de Bretaña, existen varios movimientos político culturales muy activos cuyo objetivo es oficializar la lengua bretona, extenderla y modificar su estatuto y su imagen en la sociedad francesa y bretona. Desde hace algunos lustros, se pueden palpar los resultados de sus acciones; por ejemplo: el bretón en el sistema educativo y en los medios de comunicación y el bretón en el discurso político y el mundo de la cultura. Estos hechos marcan una cierta orientación; sin embargo, las lenguas regionales, particularmente el bretón, tienen dificultades para obtener una estabilidad y su futuro es incierto.

  1. Trivselsskala

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2016-01-01

    Ultra kort teoriforankret digitaliseret analog rating skala til brug for Android, iphone, tablets, pc, med henblik på måling af trivsel.......Ultra kort teoriforankret digitaliseret analog rating skala til brug for Android, iphone, tablets, pc, med henblik på måling af trivsel....

  2. Research Article Special Issue

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2017-09-10

    Sep 10, 2017 ... include revolvers, self-loading pistols, rifles, carbines, assault rifles, submachine .... This section provides related theory on spring that was modelled in the .... Zhong-Xian L. Development and experimental verification of a.

  3. SEXISMO LINGÜÍSTICO: APROXIMACIÓN A UN PROBLEMA COMPLEJO DE LA LINGÜÍSTICA CONTEMPORÁNEA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Bolaños Cuéllar

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta teórico-crítica acerca del problema del sexismo lingüístico en el español, desde la perspectiva de la lingüística contemporánea. Se parte de la premisa de que la mujer ha sido discriminada en múltiples ámbitos en las sociedades actuales y se revisa la problemática del cambio lingüístico y los principales factores en él involucrados. Se sostiene la tesis de que son los factores sociales los que inciden en los cambios de la lengua y no es en la lengua misma desde donde se generan. Se propone una definición de sexismo lingüístico y se analizan algunos ejemplos de los recursos que ofrece el español a través del masculino genérico y el desdoblamiento o la duplicación. Finalmente, se proponen ciertas conclusiones.

  4. SEXISMO LINGÜÍSTICO: APROXIMACIÓN A UN PROBLEMA COMPLEJO DE LA LINGÜÍSTICA CONTEMPORÁNEA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Bolaños Cuéllar

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta teórico-crítica acerca del problema del sexismo lingüístico en el español, desde la perspectiva de la lingüística contemporánea. Se parte de la premisa de que la mujer ha sido discriminada en múltiples ámbitos en las sociedades actuales y se revisa la problemática del cambio lingüístico y los principales factores en él involucrados. Se sostiene la tesis de que son los factores sociales los que inciden en los cambios de la lengua y no es en la lengua misma desde donde se generan. Se propone una definición de sexismo lingüístico y se analizan algunos ejemplos de los recursos que ofrece el español a través del masculino genérico y el desdoblamiento o la duplicación. Finalmente, se proponen ciertas conclusiones.

  5. [Hearing the impact of MP3 on a survey of middle school students].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Zhan; Li, Zonghua; Chen, Yang; He, Ya; Chunyu, Xiujie; Wang, Fangyuan; Zhang, Pengzhi; Gao, Lei; Qiu, Shuping; Liu, Shunli; Qiao, Li; Qiu, Jianhua

    2011-02-01

    To understand the usage of MP3 and effects on hearing of middle school students in Xi'an, and discuss controlling strategies. Stratified random cluster sampling method was used in the 1567 middle school students in Xi'an through questionnaire survey, ear examination and hearing examination, data were analysed by the SPSS13.0 statistical software. 1) The rate of holding MP3 in the middle school students was 85.2%. Average daily use time was (1.41 +/- 1.11) h. 2) The noise group of pure tone hearing threshold was significantly higher compared with the control group (PMP3. 3) The detection rate of symptoms increased with the increasing use of MP3. The usage of MP3 can harm hearing in middle school students, which can result in neurasthenic syndrome.

  6. Bifunctional xylanases and their potential use in biotechnology

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Khandeparker, R.; Numan, M.Th.

    . J Chromatography 919:389–394 33. Hong SY, Lee JS, Cho KM, Math RK, Kim YH, Hong SJ, Cho YU, Kim H, Yun HD (2006) Assembling a novel bifunctional cel- lulase–xylanase from Thermotoga maritima by end-to-end fusion. Biotechnol Lett 28:1857–1862 34...

  7. Journal of Chemical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Chemical Sciences; Volume 127; Issue 9. Three silver (I) supramolecular compounds constructed from pyridinium or methylimidazolium polycations: Synthesis, crystal structure and properties. Yao Li Wen Li Zhang Hai Juan Du Chao-Hai Wang Ya Bin Lu Yun-Yin Niu. Volume 127 Issue 9 ...

  8. A double inequality for bounding Toader mean by the centroidal mean

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Annual Meetings · Mid Year Meetings · Discussion Meetings · Public Lectures · Lecture Workshops · Refresher Courses · Symposia · Live Streaming. Home; Journals; Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences; Volume 124; Issue 4. A double inequality for bounding Toader mean by the centroidal mean. Yun Hua Feng Qi.

  9. Determining adaptive and adverse oxidative stress responses in human bronical epithelial cells exposed to zinc

    Science.gov (United States)

    Determining adaptive and adverse oxidative stress responses in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to zincJenna M. Currier1,2, Wan-Yun Cheng1, Rory Conolly1, Brian N. Chorley1Zinc is a ubiquitous contaminant of ambient air that presents an oxidant challenge to the human lung...

  10. Influence of metal elements on the evolution of CO and CH4 during ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ONOS

    2010-01-18

    Jan 18, 2010 ... State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, People's ... of sodium and aluminum on the evolution of gas species ..... as fuel and its thermochemical behaviour.

  11. Simultaneous control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2016-01-21

    Jan 21, 2016 ... Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 3Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an. Jiaotong .... guideline from the American Diabetes Association as. HbA1c <7%, BP ..... Animal insulin.

  12. Low bone mineral density in COPD patients with osteoporosis is related to low daily physical activity and high COPD assessment test scores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liu WT

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Wen-Te Liu,1,2,* Han-Pin Kuo,3,* Tien-Hua Liao,4 Ling-Ling Chiang,1 Li-Fei Chen,3 Min-Fang Hsu,5 Hsiao-Chi Chuang,1 Kang-Yun Lee,2,6 Chien-Da Huang,3 Shu-Chuan Ho11School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 2Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 3Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 4Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, 5Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 6Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: COPD patients have an increased prevalence of osteoporosis (OP compared with healthy people. Physical inactivity in COPD patients is a crucial risk factor for OP; the COPD assessment test (CAT is the newest assessment tool for the health status and daily activities of COPD patients. This study investigated the relationship among daily physical activity (DPA, CAT scores, and bone mineral density (BMD in COPD patients with or without OP. This study included 30 participants. Ambulatory DPA was measured using actigraphy and oxygen saturation by using a pulse oximeter. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. OP was defined as a T-score (standard deviations from a young, sex-specific reference mean BMD less than or equal to -2.5 SD for the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. We quantified oxygen desaturation during DPA by using a desaturation index and recorded all DPA, except during sleep. COPD patients with OP had lower DPA and higher CAT scores than those of patients without OP. DPA was significantly positively correlated with (lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck BMD (r=0.399, 0.602, 0.438, respectively

  13. Depoimento em 'primeira pessoa do singular' : descaminhos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Altman

    2002-01-01

    Lingüística. Havia apenas um professor muito bom, muito famoso, Francisco Ribeiro Sampaio, bom gramático, bom filólogo. Foi professor da Cláudia Lemos também, e de muitos outros que depois seguiram a carreira acadêmica. Não publicou nada de importante, e praticava conosco em aula uma análise técnico-gramatical, geralmente sobre os textos de Camões. Talvez falasse alguma coisa sobre lingüística, mas era a `Lingüística Comparativa' de Meillet, Bally, dos que se formaram em torno de Saussure ou o antecederam.

  14. Norma y prestigio en el español de América. Apuntes para una planificación de la lengua española

    OpenAIRE

    Moreno Fernández, Francisco

    1992-01-01

    Estas páginas pretenden desarrollar algunas de las ideas expuestas en el trabajo "Planificación lingüística y Dialectología" y proyectarlas sobre el español de América. Una planificación del español en el mundo hispánico es, hoy por hoy, una empresa difícil, dado que falta mucho por conocer de la realidad americana en sus facetas lingüística y socio-lingüística y de la actitud de sus propios hablantes hacia la lengua y sus usos. Mal puede planificarse cuando se conoce poco lo que ha de ser pl...

  15. Biological Components of Colour Preference in Infancy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franklin, Anna; Bevis, Laura; Ling, Yazhu; Hurlbert, Anya

    2010-01-01

    Adult colour preference has been summarized quantitatively in terms of weights on the two fundamental neural processes that underlie early colour encoding: the S-(L+M) ("blue-yellow") and L-M ("red-green") cone-opponent contrast channels ( Ling, Hurlbert & Robinson, 2006; Hurlbert & Ling, 2007). Here, we investigate whether colour preference in…

  16. Læringskala

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2016-01-01

    Ultra kort teoriforankret digitaliseret analog rating skala til brug for Android, iphone, tablets, pc, med henblik på måling af læring.......Ultra kort teoriforankret digitaliseret analog rating skala til brug for Android, iphone, tablets, pc, med henblik på måling af læring....

  17. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. JOAA-D-15-00122. Power spectrum density of stochastic oscillating accretion disk. G. B. Long, J. W. Ou and Y. G. Zheng. JOAA-D-15-00124. Stochastic oscillations of general relativistic disks described by a fractional Langevin equation with fractional Gaussian noise. Wang Zhi-Yun ...

  18. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy; Volume 37; Issue 2. Issue front cover thumbnail. Volume 37, Issue 2. June 2016. Article ID 8. Stochastic Oscillations of General Relativistic Disks Described by a Fractional Langevin Equation with Fractional Gaussian Noise · Wang Zhi-Yun Chen Pei-Jie · More Details ...

  19. Genomic dissection and prioritizing of candidate genes of QTL for ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Genomic dissection and prioritizing of candidate genes of QTL for regulating spontaneous arthritis on chromosome 1 in mice deficient for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Yanhong Cao, Jifei Zhang, Yan Jiao, Jian Yan, Feng Jiao, XiaoYun Liu, Robert W. Williams, Karen A. Hasty,. John M. Stuart and Weikuan Gu. J. Genet.

  20. NYYD Ensemble

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2002-01-01

    NYYD Ensemble'i duost Traksmann - Lukk E.-S. Tüüri teosega "Symbiosis", mis on salvestatud ka hiljuti ilmunud NYYD Ensemble'i CDle. 2. märtsil Rakvere Teatri väikeses saalis ja 3. märtsil Rotermanni Soolalaos, kavas Tüür, Kaumann, Berio, Reich, Yun, Hauta-aho, Buckinx

  1. Complejidad y competencia comunicativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco José Cantero Serena

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de "competencia comunicativa" excede con mucho de la simple categoría "competencia lingüística" (como suele emplearse en las lingüísticas teóricas tradicionales y se ha convertido en uno de los conceptos clave de la lingüística aplicada y la didáctica de la lengua: en ella se contemplan, además de la dimensión lingüística, las dimensiones discursiva, pragmática, sociocultural, mediadora y estratégica. Sin embargo, la manera de relacionar estos elementos operativos dista mucho de ser compleja: suelen relacionarse mecánicamente como una suma de saberes. En este trabajo presentamos un modelo de competencia comunicativa entendida, desde el pensamiento complejo, como un todo que va más allá de la suma de sus partes, y añadimos una perspectiva que contempla el carácter multilingüe de cualquier hablante, esto es, la interrelación de códigos que conforma la competencia de cada hablante: códigos verbales y no verbales, pero también las variedades lingüísticas que maneja el hablante -dialectales, de registro, etc.-, así como los distintos idiomas de los que -dado el caso- ha ido desarrollando algún tipo de interlengua

  2. [The Seongho () School's Study of the Ancient Learning () and Its Influence on the Debate about Materia Medica in the Late Joseon Dynasty].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Sung-San

    2015-08-01

    This study will determine the ways in which the ancient learning (gu xue, ) scholarship of the Seongho School, and its interest in the materia medica (ben cao xue, ) were related during the late Joseon period. The Seongho School centered its studies mainly on classical Chinese texts of the Han (206 BC-AD 220) and pre-Han (?-221 BC) (xian-qin lianghan, ) periods rather than those of the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). gu xue scholarship emerged during the Ming dynasty era (1368 -1644) as an alternative to the scholarly trends of the Song dynasty, which were dependent on Zhu Xi's (, 1130-1200) Neo-Confucianism and its interpretation of Han and pre-Han classical Chinese texts. This scholarly trend influenced Korean and Japanese literature, philosophy, and even medicine from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. Focusing on Korean scholarship, we find a great deal of research regarding the influence of gu xue on Korean classical Chinese literature and Confucian philosophy in the late Joseon period; however, no study has examined how this style of scholarship influenced the field of medicine during the same period. This study will investigate how the intellectuals of the Seongho School, who did the most to develop gu xue among Joseon intellectuals, were influenced by this style of scholarship in their study of the materia medica. Jeong Yak-yong (1762-1836), the representative intellectual of the Seongho School, did not focus on complicated metaphysical medical theories, such as the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theory (yin yang wu xing shui, ) or the Five Movements and Six Atmospheres theory (wu yun liu qi shui, ). Instead, his interests lay in the exact diagnoses of diseases and meticulous herbal prescriptions which formed an essential part of the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease (Shang han lun, ) written by Zhang Zhungjing (, 150-219) in the Han dynasty. The Treatise was compatible with the scholarly purpose of gu xue in that they both

  3. Treatment satisfaction with paliperidone extended-release tablets: open-label study in schizophrenia patients dissatisfied with previous antipsychotic medication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yang FD

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Fu De Yang,1 Juan Li,1 Yun Long Tan,1 Wei Ye Liang,1 Rongzhen Zhang,1 Ning Wang,1 Wei Feng,1 Shangli Cai,2 Jian Min Zhuo,2 Li Li Zhang2 1Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, 2Department of Medical Affairs, Xian Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in treatment satisfaction after switching to paliperidone extended-release (ER in Chinese schizophrenia patients dissatisfied with their previous antipsychotic treatment.Methods: In this 8-week, open-label, single-arm, multicenter, prospective study, 1,693 patients dissatisfied with previous antipsychotic medication were enrolled and switched to paliperidone ER tablets (3–12 mg/d based on clinical judgment. The primary efficacy end point was change in Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ score from baseline to week 8. The secondary end points included percentage of patients with MSQ score ≥4, as well as changes in Clinical Global Improvement-Severity (CGI-S and Personal and Social Performance (PSP scores.Results: MSQ scores increased significantly from baseline (mean [standard deviation {SD}]: 2.48 [0.55] to week 8 (5.47 [0.89], P<0.0001; primary end point, full analysis set. The percentage of patients with MSQ score ≥4 was 95.9% at week 8, indicating that most of the patients were satisfied with their treatment. Significant (P<0.0001 improvements from baseline to week 8 were noted in CGI-S score (2.37 [1.20] and PSP score (25.5 [15.0]. A total of 174 (10.28% patients experienced adverse events (AEs. The most common (>10 patients events were extrapyramidal disorder (n=84, 4.96%, poor quality sleep (n=18, 1.06% and akathisia (n=13, 0.77%. The majority of AEs were mild to moderate in severity. No deaths occurred.Conclusion: Treatment satisfaction improved after switching to paliperidone ER from the previous antipsychotic in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Keywords: atypical antipsychotics, open label

  4. Study of influence on micro-fabricated resistive switching organic ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    3Northwest Electric Power Design Institute of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Xi'an,. Shaanxi ... gives rise to an important application of organic thin film devices as ... This C-AFM measurement system is consisted with an AFM.

  5. Interacción, uso lingüístico y construcción del saber gramatical en la educación primaria / Interaction, linguistic usage and building grammatical knowledge in Primary Education

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariona Casas i Deseures

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Este artículo pone de relieve el papel de la interacción lingüística, entre iguales y con el apoyo del adulto, en la construcción del conocimiento gramatical. Presenta una investigación empírica que explora como 43 parejas de 3º y 6º de educación primaria de Cataluña reconocen tres valores del tiempo verbal del presente: habitual, atemporal y retrospectivo. En concreto, la investigación explora los obstáculos con que tropiezan los alumnos para reconocer estos valores y las estrategias que usan para superarlos. El estudio demuestra que para ayudar a los alumnos a comprender que el tiempo verbal del presente también se usa para expresar otros valores aparte del prototípico (simultaneidad con el acto de habla, es necesario que los aprendices reflexionen sobre estos usos. De los resultados se infiere que la interacción promueve el desarrollo de actividad metalingüística y que a partir de la reflexión se pueden establecer puentes entre el saber gramatical y los usos lingüísticos. También ponen de manifiesto que un aprendizaje escolar excesivamente formal (que construye el conocimiento sobre el verbo desde un punto de vista básicamente morfológico impide a los alumnos interpretar los tiempos verbales de acuerdo con otros criterios (semánticos, sintácticos y pragmáticos. Las conclusiones ratifican que determinadas concepciones de la práctica escolar constituyen un obstáculo para avanzar en la construcción del saber gramatical y apuntan la necesidad de revisar tanto los contenidos como las metodologías para aprender gramática en las aulas de primaria. Abstract: This article emphasizes the role of linguistic interaction, in peer-peer and peer-adult dialogue, in the construction of grammatical knowledge. Specifically, the study is part of an empirical research that explores the understanding of three uses of the present tense (habitual, timeless and retrospective by a group of students in their 3rd and 6th year of

  6. Social Medie-strategi og implementering

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2017-01-01

    20 arbejdsark bygget på en strategimodel for arbejdet med sociale medier. Fra målgruppeudvælgelse til implementering i praksis og måling.......20 arbejdsark bygget på en strategimodel for arbejdet med sociale medier. Fra målgruppeudvælgelse til implementering i praksis og måling....

  7. Numerical method for calculating latent heat storage inconstructions containing phase change

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rose, Jørgen; Lahme, Andreas; Uhre, Niels

    2009-01-01

    ling af kontorbygninger om sommeren bidrager væsentligt til elforbruget i Danmark. Udnyttelsen af faseskiftende materiale (PCM) kan bidrage til at reducere overtemperaturer om sommeren og udjævne temperatursvingninger i løbet af døgnet, hvorved behovet for både opvarmning og køling i bygninger ...

  8. Los monólogos humorísticos en la clase de e/le: análisis lingüístico y didáctico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Re

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available ESLos numerosos estudios en lingüística aplicada sobre motivación y enseñanza de lenguas llevados a cabo en los últimos años, juntos con el asentamiento definitivo del enfoque comunicativo en la praxis didáctica, demuestran que el empleo del texto humorístico en las clases de lengua extranjera puede convertirse en una herramienta de gran utilidad. Tanto es así que no solo la creación de manuales de español como lengua extranjera, sino también las numerosas aportaciones y contribuciones online de material didáctico se basan, cada vez más, en la explotación de textos auténticos, escritos y orales, del registro cómico y humorístico. Sin embargo, cualquier profesor de español como lengua extranjera (E/LE habrá experimentado cierto grado de frustración al “llevar a clase el humor español” sin alcanzar los resultados esperados. Las razones de aparente fracaso pueden depender de distintos factores, pero sobre todo obedecen a la variedad de contextos de aprendizaje y a los distintos tipos de alumnado. El manejo de materiales audiovisuales que incluyan prácticas de humor presenta evidentes ventajas, pero también numerosas dificultades.El objetivo de este artículo es buscar un punto de contacto entre el género humorístico y la enseñanza de E/LE. A partir de ejemplos de monólogos de programas de humor españoles, se destacarán algunos problemas y ventajas relacionados con la presentación didáctica de este tipo de textos: la inserción de unidades fraseológicas, los referentes socioculturales y la transgresión lingüística o corrección política, entre otros. De la misma manera, se subrayará la importancia de la explotación de dicho género textual en las clases de E/LE con el fin de afianzar algunas competencias o destrezas recogidas por los marcos teóricos internacionales y que, sin embargo, no se suelen incorporar a la práctica del aula. También se hará referencia a la formación del profesor y a su tarea de

  9. Increasing Student Achievement and Improving Self-Esteem through a Community Building Intervention

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lupo, Concetta M.

    2012-01-01

    This study focused on improving students' self-esteem through community building at an elementary school in a low socioeconomic community where over 55% of the students live below the poverty line. Orefield and Yun state in their 1999 article, "Resegregation of America's schools," "school level poverty is related to many…

  10. Sadhana | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Sadhana. Supratik Chakraborty. Articles written in Sadhana. Volume 27 Issue 2 April 2002 pp 129-162. Efficient algorithms for approximate time separation of events · Supratik Chakraborty David L Dill Kenneth Y Yun · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. Finding bounds on time separation of events is a ...

  11. Determination and evaluation of toxic elements in Chinese foodstuffs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun Laiyan; Lu Fengying; Zhou Wenping; Zhen Houxi; Su Rongwei; Liao Qingshang; Li Xuezeng; Wang Huaihui

    1988-01-01

    The concentrations of toxic elements As, Br, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se and Zn in various foodstuffs collected in Beijing, Shanghai, Xian and Wuhan were determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) methods were obtained with high or medium precision. According to the average daily intake of various foods, the daily intake of these toxic elements were estimated for each person in the four cities. They (in microgram) were 42.6, 166.3, 1738, 106.8, 7939, 1145 and 67.1 respectively for As, Cr, Cu, Se, Zn, Br and Pb in Beijing, 52.2, 167, 1213, 91.5, 6026, 519 and 89.9 in Shanghai, 46.2, 184, 1782, 119.2, 8729, 1132 and 133.4 in Xian, and 63.2, 142.1, 1556, 76.9, 7882, 528 and 73.7 in Wuhan. (author). 2 refs, 12 tabs

  12. Medicoteknik 4

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, John Aasted; Sørensen, John Kryger; Jeppesen, Lau

    2011-01-01

    Efter at have gennemført kurset vil den studerende være i stand til at - forstå principperne for måling af human fysiologiske signaler med elektroder for et udvalg af signaltyper, - anvende et praktisk elektrodebaseret målesystem til klinisk måling, - foretage en vurdering af fejlkilder ved elekt...

  13. Consideraciones sobre la naturaleza de los núcleos sintácticos. Hacia una representación sintáctica de dependencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Lloberes

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En el análisis sintáctico automático, la definición de criterios lingüísticos para gramáticas basadas en conocimiento lingüístico permite de desarrollar recursos coherentes y consistentes. La construcción de EsTxala y CaTxala, dos gramáticas de dependencias del español y del catalán para FreeLing (un entorno de herramientas de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, se ha llevado a cabo según el diseño previo de un repertorio de criterios ecléctico y crítico en relación con algunos de los formalismos lingüísticos implementados en el análisis automático del lenguaje, la Gramática de Dependencias y la Gramática Generativa. El objetivo de dicho repertorio es facilitar la coherencia y la consistencia de la representación sintáctica en el desarrollo de gramáticas para el análisis sintáctico automático.

  14. Hacia una visión integradora de la traducción: propuesta del modelo traductológico dinámico (MTD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bolaños Cuellar Sergio

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available

    En este trabajo se intenta mostrar que es posible aproximarse al estudio de la traducción desde una perspectiva integradora, donde se supere la antinomia entre lo lingüístico (científico y lo literario (no científico. Para ello, siguiendo los planteamientos de Rener (1989, se planeta un primer sentido de la integración al revisar el desarrollo histórico del pensamiento traductor en sus líneas de continuidad. Luego se propone resolver la aparente antinomia entre lo lingüístico y lo literario mediante el trivium de los estudios clásicos. Así mismo, se recuerda el escaso interés de la lingüística por la traducción y se postula un segundo sentido de la integración, a saber, punto de encuentro de las disciplinas lingüísticas, lo cual es recogido en el Modelo Traductológico Dinámico (MTD,junto con las teorías traductológicas textuales y contextuales.

  15. Language rights and language revitalization. Conference and dialogue with Maurizio Gnerre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurizio Gnerre

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available La discusión sobre los derechos lingüísticos, en la actualidad, ha ganado mucha vigencia ya que las lenguas no solo se describen, sino que tienen que ver con un proceso de revitalización identitaria y de organización política. Está claro que existe una gran conexión entre la cuestión lingüística y los derechos humanos ya que muchas de las discriminaciones pasan exactamente a través de discriminaciones lingüísticas o por la incapacidad de expresar conceptos por la falta de fortalecimiento o apoyo a las lenguas nativas.Hoy contamos con la Declaración Universal de Derechos Lingüísticos, producto de una serie de encuentros muy importantes llevados a cabo en Barcelona y Cataluña. No es un tema sin importancia el que este documento surja en estas ciudades. Cataluña -como ustedes saben- salió con mucha fuerza, después de muchos años, de la opresión y represión franquista.

  16. Decoding Xing-Ling codes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Rasmus Refslund

    2002-01-01

    This paper describes an efficient decoding method for a recent construction of good linear codes as well as an extension to the construction. Furthermore, asymptotic properties and list decoding of the codes are discussed.......This paper describes an efficient decoding method for a recent construction of good linear codes as well as an extension to the construction. Furthermore, asymptotic properties and list decoding of the codes are discussed....

  17. Multidimensional Approach to the Development of a Mandarin Chinese-Oriented Sound Test

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hung, Yu-Chen; Lin, Chun-Yi; Tsai, Li-Chiun; Lee, Ya-Jung

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: Because the Ling six-sound test is based on American English phonemes, it can yield unreliable results when administered to non-English speakers. In this study, we aimed to improve specifically the diagnostic palette for Mandarin Chinese users by developing an adapted version of the Ling six-sound test. Method: To determine the set of…

  18. Discurso e institucionalización

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Agustin, Oscar Garcia

    En los últimos años, el llamado giro lingüístico de las Ciencias Sociales ha reflejado el creciente interés por el lenguaje como parte constituyente de nuestra realidad. Por otro lado, se ha producido un giro social complementario en la Lingüística, derivado de la función social del lenguaje. En ...

  19. Carbon Dioxide as Secondary Refrigerant in Supermarkets

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Knudsen, Hans Jørgen Høgaard

    Resume I forbindelse med udfasning af HCFC- og HFC-kølemidlerne er opstået stor interesse for anvendelse af naturlige kølemidler samt indirekte køling i forbindelse med køling i supermarkeder. Som sekundært kølemiddel med faseskift kan kuldioxid anvendes. I supermarkeder med køleanlægget placeret...

  20. Sigma-2 ligands and PARP inhibitors synergistically trigger cell death in breast cancer cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McDonald, Elizabeth S.; Mankoff, Julia; Makvandi, Mehran; Chu, Wenhua; Chu, Yunxiang; Mach, Robert H.; Zeng, Chenbo

    2017-01-01

    The sigma-2 receptor is overexpressed in proliferating cells compared to quiescent cells and has been used as a target for imaging solid tumors by positron emission tomography. Recent work has suggested that the sigma-2 receptor may also be an effective therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of enzymes involved in DNA damage response. In this study, we looked for potential synergy of cytotoxicity between PARP inhibitors and sigma-2 receptor ligands in breast cancer cell lines. We showed that the PARP inhibitor, YUN3-6, sensitized mouse breast cancer cell line, EMT6, to sigma-2 receptor ligand (SV119, WC-26, and RHM-138) induced cell death determined by cell viability assay and colony forming assay. The PARP inhibitor, olaparib, sensitized tumor cells to a different sigma-2 receptor ligand SW43-induced apoptosis and cell death in human triple negative cell line, MDA-MB-231. Olaparib inhibited PARP activity and cell proliferation, and arrested cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle in MDA-MB-231 cells. Subsequently cells became sensitized to SW43 induced cell death. In conclusion, the combination of sigma-2 receptor ligands and PARP inhibitors appears to hold promise for synergistically triggering cell death in certain types of breast cancer cells and merits further investigation. - Highlights: • PARPi, YUN3-6 and olaparib, and σ2 ligands, SV119 and SW43, were evaluated. • Mouse and human breast cancer cells, EMT6 and MDA-MB-231 respectively, were used. • YUN3-6 and SV119 synergistically triggered cell death in EMT6 cells. • Olaparib and SW43 additively triggered cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. • Olaparib arrested cells in G2/M in MDA-MB-231 cells.

  1. Fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Chao-Qing Dai and Cui-Yun Liu. There are usually two ways of constructing the N-soliton solution with respect to a given background solution. Both are based on the fact that the underlying Lax operator is reflectionless with respect to the background, but has N additional eigenvalues. One is via the inverse scattering ...

  2. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-01-27

    Jan 27, 2016 ... Author Affiliations. J. B. Su1 Z.-Q. Shen1 X. Chen1 Jiyune Yi2 D. R. Jiang1 Y. J. Yun3. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, South Korea. Department of Physics and Astronomy, ...

  3. East Asia: Southeast Asia

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-09-05

    supporting role in the founding of Malaysia. Some people describe their role as having a position but having no authority. During the cogon grass campaign...Pian Hon Yun Shih-chin’s luck was much greater than Kuo Wei- chieh’s. Although both are deputy ministers, their grass - roots power is weak. Kuo

  4. Composição centesimal e aceitação de lingüiça elaborada com reduzido teor de gordura e adicionada de concentrados protéicos de soro de leite Centesimal composition and acceptance of sausages produced with reduced tenor of fat and added of whey protein concentrates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Cláudia Brandi Ferreira

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a composição centesimal e aceitação de lingüiças de carne suína fabricadas com Concentrado Protéico do Soro (WPC ou com concentrado protéico, com elevado teor de b-lactoglobulina, como substitutos da gordura. Foram realizados sete tratamentos, um grupo controle, contendo 20% de gordura, e seis tratamentos com reduzido teor de gordura, contendo diferentes níveis de adição de WPC ou de fração de b-lactoglobulina, a saber, três tratamentos com 10% de gordura e adição de três diferentes concentrações de WPC (0,2%, 0,5% e 1,0% e três tratamentos com 10% de gordura e três diferentes níveis de concentrado protéico, com elevado teor de b-lactoglobulina (0,1%, 0,3% e 0,6%. O experimento foi realizado com cinco repetições, contendo todos os tratamentos. Foram realizadas análises em dois tempos de avaliação, um dia após a fabricação e após um período de sete dias de estocagem a aproximadamente 4°C. Foram realizadas análises de proteína (g/100g, gordura (g 100g-1, umidade (g 100g-1, estimativa de valor calórico (kcal 100g-1 e análise sensorial. Os resultados dos teores de proteína, gordura e valor calórico apresentaram diferença (P£0,05 entre o grupo controle e os demais tratamentos. Os resultados das análises de umidade e sensorial não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05. As proteínas lácteas foram eficazes na substituição da gordura de lingüiças de carne suína, em todos os tratamentos realizados, atendendo às especificações do Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade das Lingüiças do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, mantendo a qualidade sensorial.The objective of the research was to evaluate the composition and acceptance of pork sausages manufactured with whey protein concentrate (WPC or with protein concentrate containing high level of b-lactoglobulin (hereof called b-lactoglobulin as fat substitutes. Seven treatments were established, a

  5. Rural Principal Attitudes toward Poverty and the Poor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gholson, Melissa L.

    2015-01-01

    This study used Yun and Weaver's (2010) Attitudes toward Poverty Short Form (ATP-SF) of twenty-one items on a Likert-type scale to determine the poverty attitudes of 309 principals in a rural Appalachian state in the United States. The study compared the poverty attitudes from the ATP-SF scaled score as a dependent variable to the following…

  6. Making metals transparency for white light by surface plasmons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Ru-Wen; Huang, Xian-Rong; Fan, Ren-Hao; Li, Jia; Hu, Qing; Wang, Mu

    2012-02-01

    We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that metallic gratings consisting of narrow slits become transparent for extremely broad bandwidths under oblique incidence. This phenomenon can be explained by a concrete picture in which the incident wave drives free electrons on the conducting surfaces and part of the slit walls to form surface plasmons (SPs). The SPs then propagate on the slit walls but are abruptly discontinued by the bottom edges to form oscillating charges that emit the transmitted wave. This picture explicitly demonstrates the conversion between light and SPs and indicates clear guidelines for enhancing SP excitation and propagation. Making structured metals transparent may lead to a variety of applications. References: Xian-Rong Huang, Ru-Wen Peng, and Ren-Hao Fan, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2010)105, 243901; and Ren-Hao Fan, Ru-Wen Peng, Xian-Rong Huang, Jia Li, Qing Hu, and Mu Wang, manuscript prepared(2011).

  7. Process analysis of characteristics of the boundary layer during a heavy haze pollution episode in an inland megacity, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Shan; Liao, Tingting; Wang, Lili; Sun, Yang

    2016-02-01

    Ground observation data from 8 meteorological stations in Xi'an, air mass concentration data from 13 environmental quality monitoring sites in Xi'an, as well as radiosonde observation and wind profile radar data, were used in this study. Thereby, the process, causes and boundary layer meteorological characteristics of a heavy haze episode occurring from 16 to 25 December 2013 in Xi'an were analyzed. Principal component analysis showed that this haze pollution was mainly caused by the high-intensity emission and formation of gaseous pollutants (NO2, CO and SO2) and atmospheric particles (PM2.5 (fine particles) and PM10 (respirable suspended particle). The second cause was the relative humidity and continuous low temperature. The third cause was the allocation of the surface pressure field. The presence of a near-surface temperature inversion at the boundary layer formed favorable stratification conditions for the formation and maintenance of heavy haze pollution. The persistent thick haze layer weakened the solar radiation. Meanwhile, a warming effect in the urban canopy layer and in the transition zone from the urban friction sublayer to the urban canopy was indicated. All these conditions facilitated the maintenance and reinforcement of temperature inversion. The stable atmospheric stratification finally acted on the wind field in the boundary layer, and further weakened the exchange capacity of vertical turbulence. The superposition of a wind field with the horizontal gentle wind induced the typical air stagnation and finally caused the deterioration of air quality during this haze event. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  8. Bagatellid : maailm / Mirjam Tally

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tally, Mirjam, 1976-

    2008-01-01

    Helilooja Judith Weir sai Briti maineka autasu. Daniel Barenboim võttis Palestiina kodakondsuse. Portos keskendutakse sel aastal Põhjamaade muusikale. Wigmore Halli resideerivaks heliloojaks sai Luke Bedford. Sony Classics annab välja Glenn Gouldi eksklusiivse "Kogutud teosed". Tõusev täht - hiina naisdirigent Xian Zhang

  9. El gallego en la familia: entre la producción y la reproducción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Ramallo

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo abordamos el análisis de la evolución reciente del gallego en el ámbito familiar. En concreto, nos interesan los procesos de producción, reproducción y no reproducción de la lengua y sus consecuencias en la actual situación de substitución lingüística. En el periodo que va desde 1992 a 2008, la distribución de la lengua inicial se ha visto sensiblemente modificada, sobre todo por la penetración del español en la mayor parte de las familias. Sin embargo, el artículo pone de manifiesto los errores que plantea tomar la lengua inicial como única variable de referencia para medir la transmisión lingüística intergeneracional. Cuando esto se corrige, el análisis apunta a un notable ritmo de retención lingüística, tanto por gallego hablantes tradicionales como por neohablantes. Los datos proceden de nuestra propia explotación del módulo específico sobre conocimiento y uso del gallego incluido en la Enquisa de Condicións de Vida das Familias (Instituto Galego de Estatística 2003, 2008 cotejados con el Mapa Sociolingüístico de Galicia (1992. La parte final del texto valora brevemente la planificación lingüística de la Xunta en el ámbito de la transmisión lingüística familiar.

  10. Diversitat llingüística i educació

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inmaculada Mas Álvarez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Presentem les activitats conjuntes dutes a terme al 2n curs de formació de mestres (Llengua estrangera per a les assignatures de Lingüística i Llengua espanyola a la Universitat de Santiago de Compostela. Des d'un context universitari d'adaptació a l'Espai Europeu d'Educació Superior i tenint en compte que ens trobem en una comunitat bilingüe, els objectius comuns principals de las nostras programaciós han estat: contrarestar l'excessiva fragmentació entre les matèries lingüístiques, promoure la reflexió sobre la presa de consciència de la diversitat lingüística i cultural, fomentar l'aplicació de les TIC i potenciar el treball col.laboratiu.

  11. Influencia de la realización de actividades musicales en el proceso de la adquisición de la lectoescritura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Coral Italú Guerrero Arenas

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se reseñan investigaciones recientes dedicadas a estudiar la relación entre la actividad musical y el desarrollo lingüístico. Se pone especial atención en las investigaciones de corte correlacional en las que se establece la relación entre la percepción melódica y rítmica y la conciencia fonológica en niños de edad preescolar y escolar. De manera escueta se hace referencia a las estructuras y funciones fisiológicas implicadas en el procesamiento de la información lingüística y musical que pudieran dar cuenta de la interrelación existente entre las actividades musicales y procesos lingüísticos asociados a la lectoescritura.

  12. El orden de Babel: algunas notas sobre la conciencia lingüística de la clerecía letrada castellana en la primera mitad del siglo xiii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amaia Arizaleta

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Se comentan aquí una serie” de discursos redactados entre 1200 y 1250, todos ellos relacionados con el relato de la torre de Babel. Dichos textos dan fe de la existencia de un pensamiento común relativo a las lenguas y los pueblos en clérigos contemporáneos y de semejante alta cultura libresca, castellanos de origen o bien afectos a la causa de Castilla: Diego García, Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada y el anónimo de cuyo cálamo surgió el (Libro de Alexandre. Estos letrados, que participaron en permanencia de la lengua romance y la lengua latina, dieron prueba de su interés por la diversidad lingüística, e incluso propusieron algunas ideas innovadoras sobre la cuestión. Testigos y artífices de una cultura que ya no podía ser monolingüe, supieron escribir acerca del mito de la separación de las naciones.Il est ici question de quelques discours en rapport avec le récit de la tour de Babel qui furent composés entre 1200 et 1250. Leurs auteurs, Diego García, Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada et le poète anonyme auteur du (Libro de Alexandre, qui entretenaient des liens avec la cour et la chancellerie, semblent avoir partagé une pensée commune relative aux langues et aux peuples. Ces lettrés, d’origine castillane ou qui avaient épousé la cause castillane, s’intéressèrent à la diversité linguistique, et allèrent jusqu’à défendre certaines idées novatrices sur le fonctionnement d’une culture qui ne pouvait plus être monolingue.

  13. Libert-E Motor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sieloff, Susan F.; Kinnunen, Raymond; Chevarley, Joseph

    2011-01-01

    Kei Yun Wong has big dreams. She has been entrusted with the United States launch of Libert-E Motor, a new line of Chinese-manufactured electric scooters. With only $750,000 of her original budget of $3 million left, she needs to make sure that the launch succeeds, as it represents the initial step in her desire to create the first Chinese global…

  14. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-01-27

    Jan 27, 2016 ... Home; Journals; Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy; Volume 32; Issue 3. The Potential Well-Depth U Σ ( N ) Constraints on the Surface Gravitational Red-shift of a Proto Neutron Star. Xian-Feng Zhao. Volume 32 Issue 3 September 2011 pp 391-399 ...

  15. Osteoprotegerin polymorphisms are associated with alcohol ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-12-02

    Dec 2, 2016 ... 4The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's ... study is focussed on OPG gene polymorphisms associated with alcohol-induced ONFH. ... the risk of ONFH occurrence, and balanced on osteoclasts– ..... This work was supported by the National Natural Science Founda-.

  16. Zhou et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(4):175 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AJTCAM

    A STUDY OF EXTRACTION PROCESS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF. TOTAL PHENOLS FROM RHIZOMA IMPERATAE. Xian-rong Zhou* ..... Progress of Research on In Vitro Antioxidant Function Evaluation Methods,Meat Research, 11: 41-46. 4. Lai Wah Chan, Emily LC Cheah, Constance LL Saw, Wanyu ...

  17. Få blik for elevens læring og trivsel

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nissen, Poul

    2016-01-01

    Præsentation af to digitaliserede ultra korte analoge rating skalaer til brug for Android, iphone, tablets, pc, læringsskalaen og trivselsskalaen i forbindelse med måling af læring og trivsel.......Præsentation af to digitaliserede ultra korte analoge rating skalaer til brug for Android, iphone, tablets, pc, læringsskalaen og trivselsskalaen i forbindelse med måling af læring og trivsel....

  18. Osteoprotegerin polymorphisms are associated with alcohol ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    YIZHOU LI

    4The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China ... SNP rs11573856 was considered as a protective effect to the occurrence of alcohol-induced ... the risk of ONFH occurrence, and balanced on osteoclasts– ..... may indirectly bring down the function of negatively regulating.

  19. Osteoprotegerin polymorphisms are associated with alcohol ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    YIZHOU LI

    2016-12-02

    Dec 2, 2016 ... 4The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China. Abstract ... ture changes and collapse of femoral head, leading to bone ... and RANKL regulating the balance between osteoclasts– ..... This work was supported by the National Natural Science Founda- tion of ...

  20. O fórum via Internet como fonte histórica: uma análise do fórum "Índio Pataxó"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia Millena Biroli

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Este trabalho visa discutir, a partir da relação entre o falado e o escrito, algumas possibilidades de tratamento dos dados lingüísticos do gênero "fórum". O método a ser utilizado parte da relação falado/escrito nesse gênero textual na Internet e busca situar os dados desse material como fonte para o historiador. A discussão se situa, portanto, no limite entre uma perspectiva que entenderia o texto como informação sobre um fato, buscando nele "o fato" como dado; e uma outra que o entenderia como um acontecimento histórico, buscando nele sua própria historicidade. Essa discussão faz eco com regiões de limites metodologicamente correspondentes no campo da Lingüística e da Sociologia, a saber: na Lingüística, o limite entre uma visão que toma os dados como propriamente lingüísticos e uma outra que os toma como fatos discursivos; e, na Sociologia, o limite entre uma visão que toma o texto como reflexo de uma estrutura social e uma outra visão que toma o texto como prática social.

  1. Nem tudo o que escandaliza é aberração: "error communis facit jus"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Platão Savioli

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    O tema do certo e do errado em língua, que para os lingüistas é considerado com menosprezo e como uma falsa questão, é o que, na verdade, mais ocupa a atenção dos usuários do idioma em geral. O fundamento desse paradoxo pode provir da duplicidade do ponto de vista com que se considera a língua. Se para a língua, encarada como código, g erro não tem importância, o mesmo não se pode dizer quando ela é abordada do ponto de vista de fato social. O erro é encarado pelo lingüista como uma das virtualidades do sistema; pelo usuário, como causador de vergonha e medo. O silêncio do lingüista abre espaço para vozes menos credenciadas que implantam o medo e estimulam o sentimento de vergonha. Uma abordagem da correção lingüística com método e rigor científico é, pois, um grande serviço para os usuários e um bom negócio para autores e editores.

  2. Metáfora y estructura conceptual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emilia Castaño

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La lingüística cognitiva siempre ha argumentado que la metáfora no pertenece exclusivamente al lenguaje, sino que es una competencia que se basa en la habilidad humana de concebir un dominio de experiencia en términos de otro. Entendida así, la metáfora no puede ser otra cosa que un fenómeno conceptual. No obstante, pocos adeptos de la lingüística cognitiva han concentrados sus esfuerzos en catalogar manifestaciones metafóricas en ámbitos no lingüísticos. En este trabajo, sugerimos que es factible encontrar pruebas de que la metáfora es un proceso conceptual y, como tal, se manifiesta en esferas que no son estrictamente lingüísticas. Para ello, aportamos un seguido de evidencias muy diversas, como por ejemplo su papel en el razonamiento lógico-matemático de los niños en la fase preoperacional del desarrollo cognitivo, la programación de interfaces para aplicaciones informáticas y los resultados de tres estudios empíricos realizados recientemente en el campo  de la psicología cognitiva que analizan los efectos whorfianos en la conceptualización del tiempo y los efectos del espacio en la memoria emocional.

  3. Análisis lingüístico-comunicativo del tratamiento informativo de la guerra de Irak en la prensa venezolana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sylvia Fernández Franco

    2011-04-01

    áticas reproducen un modelo de producción y comprensión, de construcción y deconstrucción racional del conocimiento de la realidad, que presupone la formulación de argumentos y la puesta en escena de estrategias discursivas que implican una competencia comunicativa en los participantes, y para cuyo estudio resulta indispensable un acercamiento lingüístico-comunicativo. Mediante la aplicación de un modelo ecléctico de análisis del discurso, se presenta la caracterización de las estrategias argumentativas y de cortesía empleadas por periodistas venezolanos en la recontextualización de la guerra de Irak. Se proponen los lineamientos de un modelo de comprensión del tratamiento informativo del conflicto: el modelo PACEM (Pragmática, Acción Comunicativa, Estrategias y Mediación.

  4. Gendered features of learning and identity development

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Du, Xiangyun

    2005-01-01

    Hvad afholder unge kvinder fra at udanne sig til ingeniør? Xiang-Yun Du peger i sit ph.d.-studium på flere barrierer. Der er den traditionelle opfattelse, at en ingeniør er en mand. Unge piger har også et uklart billede af ingeniørfaget og kender ikke dets relevans, og unge piger vælger i øvrigt ...

  5. Dual functions of silver nanoparticles in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells, a suitable model for evaluating cytotoxicity- and differentiation-mediated cancer therapy

    OpenAIRE

    Han, Jae Woong; Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi; Choi, Yun-Jung; Kim, Jin-Hoi

    2017-01-01

    Jae Woong Han, Sangiliyandi Gurunathan, Yun-Jung Choi, Jin-Hoi Kim Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antibacterial and anticancer activity owing to their large surface-to-volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. Owing to their various applications, understanding the mechanisms of action, biological interactions, potential...

  6. Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. QING-XIAN HUANG. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 42 Issue 4 December 2017 pp 547-554 Article. Thymoquinone induces cytotoxicity and reprogramming of EMT in gastric cancer cells by targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway · LI-MIN FENG XUE-FENG WANG ...

  7. Distribution and linkage disequilibrium analysis of polymorphisms of ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2Five-Star Animal Health Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilian Province, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062,. People's .... showed that GH peptide sequence of mature protein in. Rongjiang pig ..... 1, white. (PIC value <0.25, low polymorphism; 0.25

  8. Injection device-related risk management toward safe administration of medications: experience in a university teaching hospital in The People’s Republic of China

    OpenAIRE

    Zhu, Ling-ling; Li, Wei; Song, Ping; Zhou, Quan

    2014-01-01

    Ling-ling Zhu,1 Wei Li,2 Ping Song,3 Quan Zhou3 1Geriatric VIP Ward, Division of Nursing, 2Division of Medical Administration, 3Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Abstract: The use of injection devices to administer intravenous or subcutaneous medications is common practice throughout a variety of health care settings. Studies suggest that one-half of all harmful medication errors origi...

  9. Mening eller måling?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kruse, Tove Elisabeth

    2008-01-01

    Artiklen diskuterer med udgangspunkt i regeringens universitetspolitiske strategi og tiltag , hvad der motiverer mennesker, der arbejder på et universitet, og hvad der giver deres arbejdsliv mening, og argumenterer for, at de stadigt mere udbredte præstationsmålinger, der ensretter og sammenligne...

  10. Ling Tao, Ph.D. | NREL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Conceptual process design and simulation Process integration, intensification, and synthesis Process , University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2004-2005 Patents "Continuous Production of Poly(Vinyl Butyral )," U.S. Patent No. 9,012,570 (2015) "Continuous Production of Poly(Vinyl Butyral)," E.P

  11. Un análisis paradigmático de los aportes de Ferdinand de Saussure y Noam Chomsky al campo de los estudios del lenguaje

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos Caicedo Doris Adriana

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan, desde una perspectiva paradigmática de las ciencias, algunas de las contribuciones de dos de los más importantes lingüistas del siglo XX, Ferdinand de Saussure y Noam Chomsky. La tesis central que se sustenta aquí es que existe evidencia proveniente de estos aportes a favor de la consolidación de la Lingüística como una ciencia madura en el estudio de la estructura del lenguaje humano, y de una comunidad científica, cuyos orígenes dan cuenta de lo que podría llamarse la prehistoria de la lingüística. Se recurre, para este propósito, a una línea de argumentación centrada en algunos conceptos propuestos por Thomas Kuhn en su libro La Estructura de las Revoluciones Científicas.

  12. Un análisis paradigmático de los aportes de F. de Saussure y N. Chomsky al campo de los estudios del lenguaje

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doris Adriana Santos Caicedo

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan, desde una perspectiva paradigmática de las ciencias, algunas de las contribuciones de dos de los más importantes lingüistas del siglo XX, Ferdinand de Saussure y Noam Chomsky. La tesis central que se sustenta aquí es que existe evidencia proveniente de estos aportes a favor de la consolidación de la Lingüística como una ciencia madura en el estudio de la estructura del lenguaje humano, y de una comunidad científica, cuyos orígenes dan cuenta de lo que podría llamarse la prehistoria de la lingüística. Se recurre, para este propósito, a una línea de argumentación centrada en algunos conceptos propuestos por Thomas Kuhn en su libro La Estructura de las Revoluciones Científicas

  13. O PARADOXO APLICADO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALEXANDRE COSTA e JOÃO WANDERLEY GERALDI

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available In this article we discuss the denial of the centrality of the linguistic epistemologyby the disciplinary discourse of Applied Linguistics. We intend to show that itsSIGNÓTICA, v. 19, n. 2, p. 157-175, jul./dez. 2007 173attempt at self-definition, by means of emphasis in its transdisciplinary relations,systematically erases its stable epistemologic base, conforming the positivedenial of Linguistics in favor of the affirmation of applied demands.KEY WORDS: linguistics, applied linguistics, epistemology.NOTASNeste artigo discutimos a negação da centralidade da epistemologia lingüísticapelo discurso disciplinar da Lingüística Aplicada. Pretendemos mostrar quesua tentativa de autodefinição por meio da ênfase em suas relações transdisciplinaresapaga sistematicamente sua base epistemológica estável, conformandouma negação positiva da Lingüística em favor da afirmação dasdemandas aplicadas.

  14. Comprehensive and Holistic Analysis of HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells and Tumor-Bearing Nude Mouse Model: Interactions Among Fractions Derived From the Chinese Medicine Formula Tian Xian Liquid in Effects on Human Colorectal Carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leigh, Annballaw Bridget; Cheung, Ho Pan; Lin, Li-Zhu; Ng, Tzi Bun; Lao, Lixing; Zhang, Yanbo; Zhang, Zhang-Jin; Tong, Yao; Sze, Stephen Cho Wing

    2017-09-01

    The Chinese medicine formula Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) has been used clinically for cancer therapy in China for more than 25 years. However, the comprehensive and holistic effects of its bioactive fractions for various antitumor therapeutic effects have not been unraveled. This is the first study to scientifically elucidate the holistic effect of Chinese medicine formula for treating colon cancer, hence allowing a better understanding of the essence of Chinese medicine formula, through the comparison of the actions of TXL and its functional constituent fractions, including ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU), and aqueous (WA) fractions. Tissue-specific proliferative/antiproliferative effects of these fractions on human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells and splenocytes were studied by using the MTT assay. Their modulations on the expression of markers of antiproliferation, antimetastasis, reversion of multidrug resistance in treated HT-29 cells were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, and their modulations in a xenografted nude mouse model were examined by Western blot analysis. Results revealed that EA fraction slightly inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells, but tissue-specifically exerted the most potent antiproliferative effect on splenocytes. On the contrary, only TXL and BU fraction tissue-specifically contributed to the proliferation of splenocytes, but inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells. WA fraction exerted the most potent antiproliferative effect on HT-29 cells and also the strongest inhibitory action on tumor size in the nude mouse model in our previous study. In the HT-29 model, TXL and WA fraction exerted the most pronounced effect on upregulation of p21 mRNA and protein; TXL, and EA and WA fractions exerted the effect on downregulation of G1 phase cell cycle protein, cyclin D1 mRNA and protein; EA and BU fractions exerted the most prominent anti-invasive effect on anti-invasion via downregulation of MMP-1 m

  15. Quantitative study on crack of meso-damage and fracture concrete ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    1School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China. 2Institute of Geotechnical ... lysis of the meso-fracture process of concrete materials is performed. The results demonstrate that the ... realize the quantitative analysis of micro cracks of concrete material (Ammouche et al 2000). The whole CT images of ...

  16. Download this PDF file

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dan Jiang 1*, Jian-Hong Zhou 2*, Jue Zhou 3 , Ying-Er Gu 2, Dong-Xia Yang 4, Qing .... Women were informed about the short- and long-term benefits of HRT. .... Current employment status .... randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of a Chinese herbal formula (Er-Xian decoction) for menopausal symptoms in Hong Kong.

  17. La inconcordancia de género y número en el contacto de lenguas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramírez Cruz Héctor

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza expresiones con estructuras gramaticales inconcordantes en un corpus oral transcrito, compuesto de 60 horas de grabación de historias de vida, textos mitológicos y otros relatos narrados en español por unos 243 informantes bilingües de territorios fronterizos de Colombia. Las expresiones son analizadas según el tipo de inconcordancia que presentan (de género, de número, de personanúmero y según el paradigma gramatical al que afectan (nominal, verbal o nomino-verbal. Se discute la pertinencia de su clasificación como interferencias lingüísticas desde dos perspectivas teóricas: por una parte la lingüística del contacto, en asociación con la sociolingüística y la dialectología, y, por otra parte, la psicología del aprendizaje, la psicolingüística y la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. Los datos se contrastan con resultados provenientes de escenarios de contacto del español con lenguas no amerindias para reforzar la tesis de la dificultad de la clasificación de los hechos de inconcordancia lingüística como interferencia lingüística.

  18. La fuerza ilocutiva en los debates medievales castellanos de controversia y su plasmación lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elena LEAL ABAD

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available La presencia de actos de habla indirectos en algunas tipologías de diálogos literarios medievales, especialmente en los que presentan un carácter didáctico-moralizante, no siempre obedece a la noción de cortesía. El espíritu de controversia de estos textos origina que la falta de coincidencia entre modalidad del enunciado y modalidad de la enunciación se relacione con un deseo de distanciamiento dialéctico entre los personajes de la interacción, que tratan de socavar la imagen del interlocutor a través de enunciados que pretenden deslegitimar, ridiculizar o descalificar al adversario. Estos valores descorteses de los enunciados interrogativos derivan fundamentalmente del propio contenido proposicional aunque también constituyen indicios importantes la asimetría de los personajes que intervienen y las propias características del género discursivo. No obstante, en este mismo contexto aparecen mecanismos que tratan de contrarrestar la fuerza ilocutiva de estos actos descorteses minimizando el desacuerdo. En las páginas que siguen se tratará de determinar qué formas y estrategias lingüísticas se adoptan para acometer este tipo de actos y su relación con estructuras propias de la interacción comunicativa con el objetivo de captar una posible evolución de recursos o constancia de los mismos a lo largo de la historia del español.La présence d'actes de langage indirects dans certaines typologies de dialogues littéraires médiévaux, en particulier dans ceux qui présentent un caractère didactico-moralisant, n'obéit pas toujours à la notion de courtoisie. L'esprit de polémique de ces textes engendre la mise en relation du manque de coïncidence entre modalité de l'énoncé et modalité de l'énonciation et d’un désir d'éloignement dialectique entre les personnages de l'interaction, qui essayent de miner l'image de l'interlocuteur au travers d’énoncés qui prétendent délégitimer, ridiculiser ou discréditer l

  19. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL USES OF THE MUSHROOM TRAMESTES VERSICOLOR

    OpenAIRE

    CÓRDOBA M., Ketty A.; RÍOS H., Alicia

    2012-01-01

    The use of products obtained from fungi (particularly mushrooms) has increased lately due to their broad applicability in different scientific and industrial fields. The genus Trametes comprises a group of white rot producing ligninolytic fungi, with medicinal properties, biotechnological importance and environmental applications. One of the most potentially useful species is T. versicolor, formerly known as Coriolus versicolor or Polyporus versicolor. Also known as Yun Zhi in China, is a fun...

  20. JPRS Report East Asia Southeast Asia

    Science.gov (United States)

    1987-06-05

    31 Mar 87) 20 Palm Oil Industry Promotion Moves Proposed (Lim Hock Chye ; BUSINESS TIMES, 1 May 87) .. 22 Paper Comments on 5th Malaysia Plan...1 [Article by Lim Hock Chye ] [Text] A GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY committee has recommended the Implementation of several measures to strengthen the...stopped due to lack of funds for providing subsidies. According to Deputy Education Minister (Yun Shih- Chin ), Chinese-language classes in several

  1. Frequency and pattern of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009: analysis of the national health insurance database.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chien, Pei-Shan; Tseng, Yu-Fang; Hsu, Yao-Chin; Lai, Yu-Kai; Weng, Shih-Feng

    2013-08-15

    Large-scale pharmaco-epidemiological studies of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treatment of urticaria are few, even though clinical trials showed some CHM are effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions for urticaria by analysing the population-based CHM database in Taiwan. This study was linked to and processed through the complete traditional CHM database of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan during 2009. We calculated the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions used for treatment of urticaria, of which the diagnosis was defined as the single ICD-9 Code of 708. Frequent itemset mining, as applied to data mining, was used to analyse co-prescription of CHM for patients with urticaria. There were 37,386 subjects who visited traditional Chinese Medicine clinics for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009 and received a total of 95,765 CHM prescriptions. Subjects between 18 and 35 years of age comprised the largest number of those treated (32.76%). In addition, women used CHM for urticaria more frequently than men (female:male = 1.94:1). There was an average of 5.54 items prescribed in the form of either individual Chinese herbs or a formula in a single CHM prescription for urticaria. Bai-Xian-Pi (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz) was the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herb while Xiao-Feng San was the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula. The most commonly prescribed CHM drug combination was Xiao-Feng San plus Bai-Xian-Pi while the most commonly prescribed triple drug combination was Xiao-Feng San, Bai-Xian-Pi, and Di-Fu Zi (Kochia scoparia). In view of the popularity of CHM such as Xiao-Feng San prescribed for the wind-heat pattern of urticaria in this study, a large-scale, randomized clinical trial is warranted to research their efficacy and safety.

  2. Different sub-monsoon signals in stable oxygen isotope in daily precipitation to the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaoxin Yang

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This study presents a stable oxygen isotope (δ18O record in daily precipitation from two sites located to the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau (TP: Yushu on the eastern TP and Xi'an on the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. It attempts to reveal the unique features associated with variations in atmospheric circulation patterns over inland China. For δ18O in daily precipitation at both stations, temperature effect is significant (p < 0.01 only during non-monsoon, while amount effect is significant only during monsoon. This suggests the coexistence of local recycling with large-scale atmospheric circulation on regional precipitation, which is further verified by the significant correlation of relative humidity with δ18O at both stations during monsoon season. The similarity of δ18O in regions under the supposedly same atmospheric circulation streams is tested for Yushu with that at Lhasa, Lulang and Delingha, demonstrating the lag days of δ18O depletion at Yushu with that at Lulang as varying from 15 to 25 d. This confirms the Bay of Bengal monsoon dominance over Yushu. Daily δ18O at Xi'an is compared with contemporary data at Changsha and Guangzhou, featuring a close correlation with the East Asian summer monsoon evolution processes over eastern China, and reflecting the Meiyu-Baiu front influence during July. Back-trajectory analysis in October–November at Xi'an identified the combined effect of cooling of the atmospheric column by the colder air from the west and the lifting of the warmer air from the east, which coexists with local water vapour source. Interactions of the three result in condensation at lower temperatures that is coupled with the long-distance transport of 2/3 of the available water vapour, thus leading to extremely low δ18O values in the post-monsoon precipitation.

  3. La formación lingüística de los profesores en el "enfoque comunicativo de la pedagogía del francés lengua extranjera"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roulet Eddy

    1984-07-01

    ";,";serif";; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">lingüísticas.

  4. Revisiting aspects of language in South Africa durting the Apartheid area

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mgwebi Lavin Snail

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, nuestro principal objetivo es mostrar como los africanos usaron su lengua para construir su nacionalismo, los africanos usaron el poder del estado para emplear la situación lingüística en Sudáfrica para implementar su política. La existencia de diferencias lingüísticas fue manipulada para crear varias naciones –“multiculturalismo” como prefirireron llamarlo los arquitectos del ApartheidPalabras Clave: Sudáfrica, Apartheid, lengua, diferencias lingüísticas, multi-nacionalismo___________________________Abstract:In this article, our aim is show how the Afrikaners succeeded in using their language to build their nationalism, the Afrikaners used the state power to use the language situation in South Africa to implement their policy of divide and rule. The existing linguistic differences were manipulated to create many nations called – “multi-nationalism “as the architects of Apartheid would prefer to call it.   Keywords: South Africa, Apartheid, language, linguistic differences, multi-nationalism.

  5. Ensenyar, avaluar, aprendre i investigar en l'aula universitària de la mà de la matèria Llengua per a Mestres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Begoña Gómez Devis

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Són moltes les qüestions que podem abordar a l’integrar l’acció de les tecnologies en contextos d’ensenyança presencial i el desenvolupament de l’àrea lingüística: des del comportament lingüístic ajustat a les interaccions oral i escrita, la creació d’un clima propici per a despertar i incentivar el diàleg i la creativitat, la interpretació i valoració de textos, la capacitació per a la investigació lingüística en la llengua com a sistema i en les seues relacions interlingüístiques, etc. No obstant això, el propòsit d’esta aportació és contribuir al desenvolupament i investigació de l’avaluació prenent com a pedra angular l’Avaluació Orientada a l’Aprenentatge (EOA i l’ús de plataformes virtuals.

  6. Estimation of wind speeds inside Super Typhoon Nepartak from AMSR2 low-frequency brightness temperatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Lei; Yin, Xiaobin; Shi, Hanqing; Wang, Zhenzhan; Xu, Qing

    2018-04-01

    Accurate estimations of typhoon-level winds are highly desired over the western Pacific Ocean. A wind speed retrieval algorithm is used to retrieve the wind speeds within Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016) using 6.9- and 10.7-GHz brightness temperatures from the Japanese Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor on board the Global Change Observation Mission-Water 1 (GCOM-W1) satellite. The results show that the retrieved wind speeds clearly represent the intensification process of Super Typhoon Nepartak. A good agreement is found between the retrieved wind speeds and the Soil Moisture Active Passive wind speed product. The mean bias is 0.51 m/s, and the root-mean-square difference is 1.93 m/s between them. The retrieved maximum wind speeds are 59.6 m/s at 04:45 UTC on July 6 and 71.3 m/s at 16:58 UTC on July 6. The two results demonstrate good agreement with the results reported by the China Meteorological Administration and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, Feng-Yun 2G (FY-2G) satellite infrared images, Feng-Yun 3C (FY-3C) microwave atmospheric sounder data, and AMSR2 brightness temperature images are also used to describe the development and structure of Super Typhoon Nepartak.

  7. Throughput, latency and cost comparisons of microcontroller-based implementations of wireless sensor network (WSN) in high jump sports

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad, Afandi; Roslan, Muhammad Faris; Amira, Abbes

    2017-09-01

    In high jump sports, approach take-off speed and force during the take-off are two (2) main important parts to gain maximum jump. To measure both parameters, wireless sensor network (WSN) that contains microcontroller and sensor are needed to describe the results of speed and force for jumpers. Most of the microcontroller exhibit transmission issues in terms of throughput, latency and cost. Thus, this study presents the comparison of wireless microcontrollers in terms of throughput, latency and cost, and the microcontroller that have best performances and cost will be implemented in high jump wearable device. In the experiments, three (3) parts have been integrated - input, process and output. Force (for ankle) and global positioning system (GPS) sensor (for body waist) acts as an input for data transmission. These data were then being processed by both microcontrollers, ESP8266 and Arduino Yun Mini to transmit the data from sensors to the server (host-PC) via message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol. The server acts as receiver and the results was calculated from the MQTT log files. At the end, results obtained have shown ESP8266 microcontroller had been chosen since it achieved high throughput, low latency and 11 times cheaper in term of prices compared to Arduino Yun Mini microcontroller.

  8. NIR: optimerer produktionen af gammeldags modnede sild

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Svensson, T.; Bro, Rasmus; Nielsen, Henrik Hauch

    2005-01-01

    ling med nærinfrarødt (NIR) lys er et godt supplement til de nuværende metoder til at følge modningen af sild saltede i tønder. Det viser resultaterne af et forskningsprojekt udført i samarbejde mellem Lykkeberg A/S, Danmarks Fiskeriundersøgelser og Den Kgl Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole. Ved hjælp...... af avanceret matematik er det nemt og hurtigt at bestemme modningsgraden af sild direkte fra en NIR måling....

  9. Lo escrito desde el análisis del discurso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Cassany

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar las principales aportacionesque se han realizado desde el ámbito lingüístico (pragmática,análisis del discurso, lingüística del texto, sociolingüística; ver Lavandera1985 y etnográfico {estudio de comunidades orales y escritas;ver Saville-Troike 1989, para orientar tanto la tarea investigadoradel linguista y del psicopedagogo de la lectoescritura como laactividad didáctica del docente en el aula.

  10. Printing Ancient Terracotta Warriors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gadecki, Victoria L.

    2010-01-01

    Standing in awe in Xian, China, at the Terra Cotta warrior archaeological site, the author thought of sharing this experience and excitement with her sixth-grade students. She decided to let her students carve patterns of the ancient soldiers to understand their place in Chinese history. They would make block prints and print multiple soldiers on…

  11. Probing High School Students' Cognitive Structures and Key Areas of Learning Difficulties on Ethanoic Acid Using the Flow Map Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Qing; Wang, Tingting; Zheng, Qi

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this study was primarily to explore high school students' cognitive structures and to identify their learning difficulties on ethanoic acid through the flow map method. The subjects of this study were 30 grade 1 students from Dong Yuan Road Senior High School in Xi'an, China. The interviews were conducted a week after the students…

  12. Mental Health Condition of the Only-Child: A Study of Urban and Rural High School Students in China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Chenying; Munakata, Tsunetsugu; Onuoha, Francis N.

    2005-01-01

    The mental health of the only-child continues to generate interest in research literature. The present study examines the issue in China, where the one-child phenomenon is highest due to deliberate government policy. Subjects are 299 and 333 students in two high-rank high schools in urban Harebin and rural Qing an Xian, respectively (mean age =…

  13. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics; Volume 90; Online resources. Genotyping of the k-casein and -lactoglobulin genes in Chinese Holstein, Jersey and water buffalo by PCR-RFLP. Da-Xi Ren Shu-Ying Miao You-Liang Chen Cai-Xia Zou Xian-Wei Liang Jian-Xin Liu. Volume 90 Online resources 2011 pp e1-e5 ...

  14. Cell of Origin and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Medulloblastomas

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-09-01

    AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0115 TITLE: Cell of Origin and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Medulloblastomas PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Kyuson Yun...CA130273 - Cell of Origin and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Medulloblastomas 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER W81XWH-14-1-0115 5c. PROGRAM...hypothesis, we originally proposed to transform neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vivo by expressing an activated form

  15. Resveratrol ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior: involvement of the HPA axis, inflammatory markers, BDNF, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats

    OpenAIRE

    Yang, Xin-Hua; Song, Su-Qi; Xu, Yun

    2017-01-01

    Xin-Hua Yang,1 Su-Qi Song,2 Yun Xu3 1Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Eighth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 2Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China Abstract: Classic antidepressant drugs are modestly effective across the population and most are associated with intolerable side effects. Recently, numerous lines of evidence suggest that resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenol, possesses benef...

  16. Interrelationships of Prenatal and Postnatal Growth, Hormones, Diet, and Breast Cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-03-01

    infants to investigate the association between maternal age, diet, preeclampsia , and infant birth weight, and hormone levels using the infants’ cord... etiology of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1983;47:757–62. 31. Wang CC, Vittinghoff E, Hua LS, Yun WH, Rong KM. Reducing pregnancy and induced abortion...the etiology of oral and pharyngeal cancer among women from the Southern United States. Cancer Res. 1984; 44: 1216–22. 8 Franco EL, Kowalski LP

  17. A Situational-Awareness System For Networked Infantry Including An Accelerometer-Based Shot-Identification Algorithm For Direct-Fire Weapons

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-09-01

    combine my love of shooting with my education. Dr. Xiaoping Yun graciously provided me with his wealth of technical knowledge. Dr. James Calusdian’s...expanding gasses forcing the projectile down the barrel restarting the process [10]. The major internal components of an AR15 are shown in Figure 1 with...of the three-plate system does not change, regardless of the movement of the middle plate, resulting in the relationship (2.11) Expanding

  18. Utilizing Robot Operating System (ROS) in Robot Vision and Control

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-09-01

    Palmer, “Development of a navigation system for semi-autonomous operation of wheelchairs,” in Proc. of the 8th IEEE/ASME Int. Conf. on Mechatronic ...and Embedded Systems and Applications, Suzhou, China, 2012, pp. 257-262. [30] G. Grisetti, C. Stachniss, and W. Burgard, “Improving grid-based SLAM...OPERATING SYSTEM (ROS) IN ROBOT VISION AND CONTROL by Joshua S. Lum September 2015 Thesis Advisor: Xiaoping Yun Co-Advisor: Zac Staples

  19. JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Problems of the Far East, No. 1, January-February 1987

    Science.gov (United States)

    1987-07-22

    Features of Socialism", Beijing zhengfa xuean xuebao, 1982, No. 1; Chen Zhong , On the Basic Features of Socialism, Xueshu yuekan, 1981, No. 1; etc. 18...34, Beijing daxue xuebao, 1985, No. 2, pp. 120-126; Yun Jing, "De- velopment of Collective and Individual Economies", Guangdong waishi, 1985, No. 1, pp. 8...Zhang Zhouyuan, et al, Shanghai, Renmin chubanshe, 1978-1979; On Distribution According to Work, A Collection of Articles, Beijing renmin chubanshe

  20. Ling Shu-hua’s Novels:Different Structure but Same Spirit Compared with the Soul of Era%凌叔华小说:与时代精魂异构而同质

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    吴政家; 凌端明

    2014-01-01

    中国的女性自古就受到男性话语的塑造,她们自身也认同并自觉担起了这种强加在她们身上的霸权话语。直到五四时期,在西方女权思潮的吹拂下,女性才意识到了自身的主体性和独特性。凌叔华小说以其细腻、平和、不动声色的女性叙事视角,异于同时代女作家的叙事策略,为我们展现了那一时代女性如何被塑造为“女人”的事实和她们部分人的觉醒、困顿和挣扎,呈现出与五四时代精魂异构而同质的个性。%The Chinese woman are modeled by power of men continues a long time, and they agree with these attitudes and bear the hegemonic discourse voluntarily. Female realized the subjectivity and unique in themselves under the blowing of western feminism until the period of May-4th. Ling SHu-hua’s novels with its perspective of female narrative different from others writers in the period of May-4th.Her novels displayed the fact of modeled women whose awaken and struggled .Its writing personality seems present different structure but contains the same nature just as the spirit of May-4th.

  1. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics

    OpenAIRE

    Laborda, Xavier

    2013-01-01

    La reseña presenta el libro que K. Allan ha editado, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics (2013), en la colección de la Oxford University Press sobre Lingüística. En la obra participan más de treinta especialistas, que tratan de la historia en Occidente y, en menor medida, en Oriente. Los ámbitos de estudio respetan un orden tradicional: el sonido, la sintaxis y el significado y, como relativa novedad, la lingüística aplicada. Un interés complementario de la obr...

  2. Google and beyond : web-as-corpus methodologies for translators

    OpenAIRE

    Ferraresi, Adriano

    2009-01-01

    Aquest article fa un repàs als plantejaments actuals sobre l'ús del web com a corpus lingüístic i emfatitza els avantatges (així com els inevitables riscos) que aquests poden introduir en el treball del traductor. Per tal d'il•lustrar aquest punt, es mostra un exemple de les diferents maneres en què un corpus derivat del web es pot aplicar profitosament a una tasca de traducció especialitzada.. Este artículo estudia los planteamientos actuales sobre el uso de la web como corpus lingüístico...

  3. LECTURA, ENSEÑANZA DE LENGUA Y DESERCIÓN ESTUDIANTIL EN SORDOS Y UNIVERSITARIOS

    OpenAIRE

    Larrinaga, Juan Andrés

    2016-01-01

    RESUMEN En este trabajo se analiza la relación de los estudiantes sordos y de los estudiantes universitarios ingresantes en lo concerniente a la lectura de textos académicos, se muestran los similares procesos de exclusión que ocurren sobre ambos grupos, se vinculan dichos procesos con la educación lingüística, básicamente en torno a las prácticas de lectura, y finalmente se reflexiona sobre las intervenciones del sistema educativo en la formación lingüística. Estos análisis y consideraciones...

  4. Cooperación y relevancia: dos aproximaciones pragmáticas a la interpretación

    OpenAIRE

    Yus Ramos, Francisco

    2003-01-01

    En las últimas décadas, los estudios del lenguaje humano y la interpretación han experimentado un importante giro desde posiciones tradicionales (que atribuían un excesivo valor al código lingüístico en detrimento de la práctica cotidiana del lenguaje) hacia el paradigma de la pragmática y la creciente importancia que esta perspectiva lingüística otorga a las diferentes variedades de información contextual en el desarrollo y la calidad de los intercambios conversacionales.

  5. Discurso e do sobre o futebol brasileiro : o poder midiático na regulação das identidades

    OpenAIRE

    Marcelo Fila Pecenin

    2007-01-01

    Estudos afirmam que o futebol é um dos maiores símbolos da identidade nacional brasileira. Por isso, foi e é tomado como objeto em diversos estudos inscritos nas Ciências Humanas. Contudo, o futebol ainda não foi devidamente estudado pelos lingüistas. Tendo em vista essa conjuntura, além de tentar promover a aproximação entre o futebol e os estudos lingüísticos, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é avaliar como o discurso da crônica futebolística exerce um poder regulador na c...

  6. Eficacia de un programa de lenguaje en niños con trastorno fonológico

    OpenAIRE

    José Luis GALLEGO ORTEGA; Isabel Angustias GÓMEZ PÉREZ; Mª Fernanda AYLLÓN BLANCO

    2016-01-01

    La atención temprana de carácter lingüístico se percibe como una acción de la máxima importancia para evitar que se obstaculicen los procesos comunicativos de los niños y sus posibilidades de participación escolar y social. Por ello, se han elaborado numerosos programas de lenguaje para facilitar el desarrollo temprano de las habilidades lingüísticas infantiles; sin embargo son muy escasos los programas que han sido evaluados experimentalmente. En este sentido, el estudio que se presenta mues...

  7. Ensenyar i aprendre coneixements gramaticals al voltant de la frase : una experiència a cicle inicial

    OpenAIRE

    Méndez i Navarro, Anna

    2012-01-01

    Amb l’objectiu de donar suport als centres en el tractament de les llengües en el context de l’actual diversitat lingüística i cultural, el Departament d’Ensenyament promou des del curs 2007-2008 el nou Projecte d’actualització de la metodologia d’Immersió Lingüística. El projecte consisteix bàsicament en facilitar a les escoles integrants els recursos formatius necessaris per assolir amb èxit aquest repte. Una de les activitats de les diverses accions formatives es complementa amb unes sessi...

  8. Combined Effects of Primary and Tertiary Blast on Rat Brain: Characterization of a Model of Blast-induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-01

    injury in U.S. military personnel. N Engl J Med 364, 2091–2100 (2011) 27. Lu J, Ng KC , Ling GS, Wu J, Poon JF, Kan EM, Tan MH, Wu YJ, Li P...Moochhala S, Yap E, Lee LK, Teo AL, Yeh IB, Ser- gio DM, Chua F, Kumar SD, Ling EA: Effect of blast exposure on the brain structure and cognition in the...12689448] 32. Henderson D, Bielefeld EC, Harris KC , Hu BH. The role of oxidative stress in noise-induced hearing loss. Ear Hear. 2006;27(1):1–19. [PMID

  9. Con otro acento. El spanglish visto desde esta orilla

    OpenAIRE

    Serra Alegre, Enric; Betti, Silvia

    2016-01-01

    Este libro colectivo proyecta una mirada distinta, abierta y crítica sobre las actitudes lingüísticas de una sociedad heterogénea y multicultural que vive en los Estados Unidos, los hispanounidenses. Un rasgo lingüístico, utilizado por buena parte de estos latinos, es el cambio de código, que se considera entre los aspectos más característicos del llamado popularmente spanglish. Cada uno de los trabajos recogidos en este volumen aporta un enfoque diferente y un tratamiento diferenciado del te...

  10. Earth fissures in Qinglong Graben in Yuncheng Basin, China

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Jianwei Qiao

    2018-02-14

    Feb 14, 2018 ... Key Laboratory of Western China Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Xi'an 710 054, Shaanxi, China. *Corresponding .... first to appear in edge and then extended to the center. ..... Miao D Y, Li Y L, Lv S H, Tian J M, Wang Y R and Si ... Wang J M, Wang C M and Liu K 2001 Progress in ground.

  11. Experimental investigation of the influence of the bond conditions on the shear bond strength between steel and self- compacting concrete using push-out tests

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Helincks, P.; De Corte, W.; Klusák, Jan; Boel, V.; De Schutter, D.

    525-526, č. 1 (2013), s. 205-208 ISSN 1013-9826. [Fracture and Damage Mechanics /11./. Xi'an, 18.09.2012-21.09.2012] R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP108/10/2049; GA ČR(CZ) GAP105/11/1551 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : steel-concrete joint * epoxy adhesive layer * push-out test Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics

  12. The phase structure of novel polycarbonate-based polyurethane-organoclay nanocomposites

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Pavličević, J.; Sinadinović-Fišer, S.; Špírková, Milena; Budinski-Simendic, J.; Borota, O.; Janković, M.; Knez, Ž.

    560/561, 2012 (2012), s. 771-775 ISSN 1022-6680. [2012 Spring International Conference on Material Sciences and Technology (MST-S). Xi'an, 27.05.2012-30.05.2012] R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP108/10/0195 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : polycarbonate-based polyurethane * hydrogen bonds * bentonite Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry

  13. A Molecular Framework for Understanding DCIS

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-10-01

    hour per response , including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and...LCM, RNAseq, DNAseq, evolution 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON...Nearest person month worked: 6 CM Funding support: philanthropic support Name : Jian Xian Project Role: senior research assistant - contributed to

  14. On the direction of a crack initiated from an orthotropic bi-material notch composed of materials with non-uniform fracture mechanics properties

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Profant, T.; Klusák, Jan; Ševeček, O.; Kotoul, M.

    525-526, č. 1 (2013), s. 545-548 ISSN 1013-9826. [Fracture and Damage Mechanics /11./. Xi'an, 18.09.2012-21.09.2012] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA101/09/1821; GA ČR GAP108/10/2049 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Orthotropic bi-material notch * generalized stress intensity factor * complex potentials Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics

  15. Gramática y producción textual: bases lingüísticas para la intervención didáctica | Grammar and Textual production: Linguistic Bases for Educational Intervention

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Perea Siller

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El aprendizaje de la gramática en la enseñanza secundaria continúa utilizando una metodología deductiva, a la vez que se presenta desconectada de los otros componentes de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Lengua castellana y literatura. Para escapar de los planteamientos deductivos, en primer lugar adoptamos un punto de vista discursivo; en segundo lugar, proponemos partir del conocimiento de la producción escrita de los estudiantes, caracterizada por la pobreza de recursos y la presencia de errores. La Lingüística de Corpus permite conocer el primer aspecto, por ejemplo, nexos para conectar partes del texto. Por su parte, el Análisis de Errores revela las incorrecciones que en mayor medida cometen los estudiantes, tales como problemas de correferencia en textos narrativos o solecismos y errores pragmáticos en textos argumentativos. Estas dificultades, situadas en contextos textuales concretos, deben proponerse como los principales objetos de aprendizaje de la gramática a la vez que deben incidir en la forma en la que el profesor afronta la gramática. Abstract Secondary schools still use a deductive approach in learning grammar. Besides, grammar learning continues to be disconnected from the other components of the teaching and learning of the subject Lengua Castellana y Literatura. To avoid the deductive approach, firstly we adopt a discursive point of view; secondly, we propose to start with the knowledge of our students’ written productions, which are characterized mainly by poverty of resources and the presence of errors. Corpus Linguistics allows us to know the first aspect, for example, links to connect parts of the text. Meanwhile, Error Analysis reveals the inaccuracies that the students produce, such as coreference problems in narrative texts or solecisms and pragmatic errors in argumentative texts. Such difficulties, situated in specific textual contexts, should be proposed as the main objects of grammar

  16. Introducción a la pragmática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jenaro Ortega Olivares

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Si concebimos la enseñanza de una lengua extranjera como enseñar a comunicarse en esa lengua, necesariamente tendremos que reflexionar sobre los principios generales de la comunicación lingüística. En este artículo, el autor expone los conceptos básicos de la pragmática, considerada aquí como la teoría de la comunicación lingüística. Después de una introducción sobre la comunicación, trata la teoría de los actos de habla; seguidamente se incorpora esta teoría en el marco más general del análisis de medios y fines. A continuación se exponen las máximas de Grice, con las cuales podemos dar cuenta de las acciones lingüísticas en el proceso de comunicación. En el apartado 3, se retorna a los actos de habla, asimilándolos a la concepción griceana.

  17. Presentación y contenido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flórez Arcilla Rubén Darío

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Este número de Forma y Función, recoge en buena medida algunas de las ponencias del Congreso Internacional de Lingüística organizado por el Departamento de Lingüística durante la gestión como directora de la Prof. Constanza Moya y de la coordinación en el postgrado de la profesora Luz Amparo Fajardo. El Congreso se llevó a cabo en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá durante los días 16, 17, 18, 19 y 20 de febrero del 2004. Fue un congreso excepcional que contó con la masiva presencia de nuestros estudiantes, de la comunidad académica colombiana y mostró la vitalidad de las investigaciones lingüísticas realizadas en Colombia además del creciente interés de la comunidad universitaria y la opinión ilustrada hacia los temas y las realidades del lenguaje. En especial fue una oportunidad para comunicar los resultados de las investigaciones de los profesores de nuestro departamento.

  18. Lengua, cultura e identidad. El mapudungun versus el español

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cancino, Rita

    Lengua, cultura e identidad: El Mapudungun versus el español. El caso de los mapuches de Chile.Durante los últimos años, en muchos países latinoamericanos, se han creado políticas lingüísticas que reconocen a las lenguas originarias como lenguas oficiales junto con el español. Sin embargo, en Chile...... interna del Mapudungún dando lugar a muchos préstamos lingüísticos innecesarios. Durante los últimos años se ha producido un proceso de recuperación de la cultura mapuche en la juventud en general. Ha habido una reconversión a la identidad mapuche con una recuperación del idioma mapuche y de los apellidos....... Especificidad de la relación lengua/cultura. En RLA. Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada, 25, pp. 25-37.Disponible enhttp://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=16301.UNICEF (2011). Incluir, sumar y escuchar: Infancia y adolescencia indígena. Disponible en http...

  19. The endemiology of helicobacter pylorus infection and gastro-intestinal disease in mine and related factory workers of Tongling city, Anhui

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    He Xiangyang; Jiang Zhonglin; Yang Shunqi; Mei Yanyan; Wen Qin; Cheng Yingzi; Wang Jianmiao

    2006-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the endemiology of H. pylorus infection and related gastro-intestinal disease in mine and factory workers of Tong-Ling area. Methods: 14 C-urea breath test, serum IgG and cytotoxin-producing H. pylorus antibodies determinations were performed in 1076 randomly selected adults among the mine and related factory workers in Tong - Ling area. Gastroscopy was done in 156 subjects (cytotoxin-producing H. pylorus antibody CagA-HP positive 108 and Cag-HP negative 48). Results: Seven hundred and twenty-one subjects of the 1076 (67.0%) examined were positive with the 14 C-urea breath and serological tests, among which 350 (48.5% of the 721 ) were Cag-HP positive. Factors affecting positiveness of HP infection were in the order of: working environment, gastro-intestinal symptoms, past history, vocation, age, history of previous contact, sex and non- hygiene life-style. Conclusion: The HP infection rate in Tong-Ling area was slightly higher than nationwide but with a lower CagA - HP positive rate. HP infection was mostly related to the working environment and life-style. (authors)

  20. La necesidad de una teoría independiente de la lexicografía

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tarp, Sven

    2013-01-01

    que también existen decenas de miles de diccionarios cuya producción no han requerido ningún conocimiento especializado de la lingüística sino que conocimientos de otras disciplinas científicas en función del tema concreto de cada diccionario. Sobre esta base este artículo defiende la necesidad de una......La lexicografía y la lingüística son dos disciplinas independientes aunque históricamente interrelacionadas a través de un sinfín de diccionarios para cuya producción han sido necesarios conocimientos de la lingüística. A pesar de esta interrelación entre las dos disciplinas es oportuno recordar...... teoría independiente de la lexicografía e introduce el criterio de relevancia, como criterio para evaluar los datos incluidos en los diccionarios y llegar a un conocimiento más profundo de lo que realmente necesitan los usuarios potenciales de los diccionarios. Finalmente discute los desafíos teóricos y...