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Sample records for leukozyten differentialblutbild natrium

  1. Optische Bildgebung der Autoimmunarthritis mit DiD markierten Leukozyten

    OpenAIRE

    Kau, Julia

    2008-01-01

    Zielsetzung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob die Optische Bildgebung nach Injektion von ex vivo DiD markierten Leukozyten, in der Lage ist, eine Entzündung der Synovialmembran in Ratten mit einer Antigen-induzierten Monoarthritis des rechten Kniegelenkes aufzudecken. Die Optische Bildgebung wurde auf ihre Fähigkeit zur Unterscheidung zwischen arthritischen und gesunden Kniegelenken und zwischen nichttherapierten und Kortison-therapierten Kniegelenken unt...

  2. Asupan Sumber Natrium, Rasio Kalium Natrium, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Listiyaningsih Atun

    2015-03-01

    showed that physical activity was the most significant risk factor of hypertention (p=0.035, OR 4.7, CI 95% 1.12-19.67. Keywords: hypertention, intake, physical activity, potassium, sodium ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Natrium dan kalium adalah kation utama dalam cairan ekstraseluler tubuh yang mempunyai fungsi mengatur keseimbangan cairan dan asam basa tubuh serta berperan dalam transmisi saraf dan kontraksi otot. Asupan yang berlebih dapat menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan tubuh, sehingga dapat menyebabkan oedema, asites dan hipertensi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dari natrium dan kalium pada kejadian tekanan darah tinggi. Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Sleman pada bulan Juli 2013 dengan desain kontrol berpasangan. Variabel bebas adalah asupan natrium, rasio kalium natrium dan aktivitas fisik, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah status hipertensi. Subyek sebanyak 50 pasien, 25 subyek hipertensi dan 25 pasien non hipertensi, matching berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia. Metode sampling menggunakan accidental sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien baru, usia > 18 tahun, bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian, dan dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik. Informasi mengenai asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner semi quantitative food frequency untuk satu bulan yang lalu, aktivitas fisik didapatkan dengan kuesioner aktivitas fisik selama satu minggu yang lalu. Seluruh pertanyaan ditanyakan bersamaan dengan pemeriksaan tekanan darah. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil. 84 persen kasus mempunyai aktivitas fisik kurang dibandingkan dengan 52 persen pada subyek non hipertensi. Kedua kelompok tersebut berbeda dalam asupan natrium dan kalium, yaitu sebanyak 84 persen subyek hipertensi mempunyai asupan natrium lebih, dan 52 persen subyek non hipertensi mempunyai asupan natrium sedang. Kesimpulan. Asupan natrium tinggi dapat meningkatkan resiko tekanan darah tinggi (p=0.016; OR=5.7; CI 95% 1

  3. Fisiologi dan Gangguan Keseimbangan Natrium, Kalium dan Klorida serta Pemeriksaan Laboratorium

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    Rismawati Yaswir

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available AbstrakElektrolit adalah senyawa di dalam larutan yang berdisosiasi menjadi partikel yang bermuatan (ion positifatau negatif. Sebagian besar proses metabolisme memerlukan dan dipengaruhi oleh elektrolit. Konsentrasielektrolit yang tidak normal dapat menyebabkan banyak gangguan. Pemeliharaan tekanan osmotik dan distribusibeberapa kompartemen cairan tubuh manusia adalah fungsi utama empat elektrolit mayor, yaitu natrium (Na+,kalium (K+, klorida (Cl-, dan bikarbonat (HCO3-. Pemeriksaan keempat elektrolit mayor tersebut dalam klinisdikenal sebagai ”profil elektrolit. Natrium adalah kation terbanyak dalam cairan ekstrasel, kalium kation terbanyakdalam cairan intrasel dan klorida merupakan anion terbanyak dalam cairan ekstrasel. Jumlah natrium, kalium danklorida dalam tubuh merupakan cermin keseimbangan antara yang masuk terutama dari saluran cerna dan yangkeluar terutama melalui ginjal. Gangguan keseimbangan natrium, kalium dan klorida berupa hipo- dan hiper-. Hipoterjadibila konsentrasi elektrolit tersebut dalam tubuh turun lebih dari beberapa miliekuivalen dibawah nilai normaldan hiper- bila konsentrasinya meningkat diatas normal.Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk menentukan kadarnatrium, kalium dan klorida adalah dengan metode elektroda ion selektif, spektrofotometer emisi nyala,spektrofotometer atom serapan, spektrofotometri berdasarkan aktivasi enzim, pemeriksaan kadar klorida denganmetode titrasi merkurimeter, dan pemeriksaan kadar klorida dengan metode titrasi kolorimetrik-amperometrik.Kata kunci: elektrolit, keseimbangan, gangguan keseimbanganAbstractElectrolyte is compound in condensation which is disociation become particle which is charged (ionnegative or positive. Most metabolism processes need and influenced by electrolyte. Electrolyte concentrationwhich abnormal can cause many troubles. Conservancy of osmotic pressure and distribution some human beingbody fluid compartment are especial function four major electrolyte, that is natrium (Na

  4. EEG- ringstudie van lasalocid-natrium in voeders

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Beek, W.M.J.; Herben, P.J.; Buizer, F.G.; Broex, N.; Worp, van de H.

    1983-01-01

    Lasalocid-natrium is een coccidiostaticum dat gebruikt wordt bij kippen op een doseringsniveau tussen 75 en 125 mg/kg. De analyse van het produc in voeder kan zowel microbiologisch als analytisch chemisch geschieden. Door de Belgische EEG-delegatie werden twee monsters mengvoeder gezonden om de

  5. Perkiraan Asupan Iodium dan Natrium Menggunakan Urin 24 Jam pada Anak dan Dewasa

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    Djoko Kartono

    2015-01-01

    deficiency area but considerably high intake of sodium based on the analysis of a 24 hour urine collection. Keywords: adult, children, iodine, sodium, 24 hours urine.   ABSTRAK Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas 2007 mendapatkan angka hipertensi yang tinggi (31.7%. Pertanyaannya, masih relevankah program fortifikasi iodium dalam garam karena konsumsi garam berkorelasi dengan hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini menilai kadar iodium urin dan natrium urin serta perkiraan asupan natrium dan iodium. Disain studi potong lintang dengan sampel keluarga: bapak, ibu, anak 6-12 tahun. Lokasi di tiga desa di Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang. Sebanyak 99 keluarga menjadi sampel penelitian. Variabel dikumpulkan mencakup berat dan tinggi badan, kadar iodium   garam, volume urin 24 jam, kadar iodium urin dan natrium urin. Perkiraan asupan iodium dan natrium menggunakan nilai iodium dan natrium urin dan volume urin. Jenis garam yang dikonsumsi (97% bentuk bata, rerata kadar iodium 20.4 ppm dan konsumsi garam 8.0 ± 4.7 gram per orang per hari. Median dan rerata volume urin 1500 mL dan 1523 ± 623 mL. Median dan rerata ekskresi iodium urin (EIU 93 dan 105 ± 61 μg/L. Proporsi EIU subyek < 100 μg/L 55.6% dan EIU ≥ 300 μg/L 1%. Median dan rerata ekskresi natrium urin (ENU 2588 mg/L (ppm dan 2732 ± 986 mg/L. Proporsi ENU ≥ 2300 mg/L 62%. Frekuensi konsumsi sumber iodium dan natrium: 47.5% subyek mengonsumsi mi instan dan snack 1-2 kali seminggu, 98% mengonsumsi vetsin/kecap/saus ≥ 1 kali sehari. Frekuensi makan makanan asin: 53.9% subyek mengonsumsi 1-2 kali seminggu dan 26.9% mengonsumsi roti/biskuit/cake 1-2 kali seminggu. Median dan rerata asupan iodium (bapak, ibu, anak 113 μg/L dan 126 ± 73 μg/L. Median dan rerata asupan natrium (bapak, ibu, anak 3131 mg/L dan 3306 ± 1193 mg/L. Ringkasnya, garam merupakan sumber utama asupan iodium dan natrium walaupun kadar iodium dalam garam cukup rendah dibanding standar nasional industri. Lokasi penelitian merupakan daerah kekurangan

  6. Measuring natrium alginate content of brown algae spesies Padina sp. as the basic matter for making dental impression material (Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material

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    Nurlindah Hamrun

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available One of the most important procedure in denture fabrication and orthodontic treatment is molding the patient’s detail oral cavity to determine the treatment planning. This procedure does by using alginate impression material or irreversible hydrocolloid which is the basic material is natrium alginate which is imported from abroad because it is extracted from brown algae which habitat is not in Indonesia so it is causes the impression material is relative expensive which is impact to high cost of dental treatment. Indonesia as the archipelago country has availability of abundant brown algae Padina sp. especially in Puntondo-Punaga seashore, South Sulawesi, but it has not cultivate yet by the local society because it is never discover by alginate industry so it is just grow wild and it’s potency is useless. This experiment purposes to identified how much natrium alginate is producted from Padina Sp. extraction as the basic matter of irreversible hydrocolloid. The design of this study is conducted by experimental design with one shot case study method. Early stage research, extraction of alginate in form of natrium alginate. After that it is weighted by using analytical weight in milligram (mg unit. Then, it is compare with the standard natrium alginate to observe the similarity of molecule by using FTIR device. Data were analyzed using uji rerata. Based on extracted Padina sp, produced 12.86 g natrium alginate content or 28,4% from the alga dry weight total was used which is 45 g. Based on FTIR test, showed that extracted natrium alginate is similar with the standard natrium alginate with the found of hidroxyl, carboxylate, and eter group which is composer of natrium alginate. From both of infra red spectrum pattern, it was observed unsignificant difference. Extracted natrium alginate Padinasp is same with the standard natrium alginate and it has content 12.86 g.

  7. KANDUNGAN NATRIUM (Na DAN GARAM (NaCl DALAM IKAN ASIN KERING MENTAH DAN GORENG DI PASAR ANYAR BOGOR

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    Heru Yuniati

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan natrium (Na dan garam (NaCl dalam 10 jenis ikan asin kering yang beredar di Pasar Anyar Bogor. Analisis natrium dilakukan terhadap ikan asin mentah, setelah dicuci, dan setelah digoreng dengan menggunakan flamefometer. Analisis garam dilakukan dengan titrasi argentometri terhadap ikan asin mentah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, kandungan Na dan garam dalam ikan asin sangat beragam besarnya berturut-turut berkisar antara 0,3-8,1% dan 5,7-21,2%. Ikan asin yang mempunyai kadar Na dan garam tinggi adalah ikan sepat, peda putih dan gabus. Jumlah air dalam ikan asin juga bervariasi, berkisar antara 10,3-46,8%. pencucian dan penggorengan dapat menurunkan kadar garam ataupun natrium sebesar 37,4%.

  8. Perbedaan Asupan Natrium Dan Kalium Pada Penderita Hipertensi Dan Normotensi Masyarakat Etnik Minangkabau di Kota Padang

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    Mifthahul Jannah

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available AbstrakHipertensi adalah peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik ≥140 mmHg atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥90 mmHg. Penyakit ini disebut juga the silent killer karena tidak menunjukkan gejala. Salah satu faktor penyebab hipertensi adalah tingginya asupan natrium dan rendahnya asupan kalium. Rasio Na:K yang dianjurkan adalah 1:1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan natrium dan kalium pada penderita hipertensi dan normotensi masyararakat Etnik Minangkabau di Kota Padang. Desain penelitian study comparative dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah masyarakat etnik Minangkabau usia 35-65 tahun di 4 kecamatan terpilih di Kota Padang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 254 orang yang diambil secara multi stage random sampling. Data responden dikumpulkan dengan kuisioner, tekanan darah dengan sphygmomanometer, asupan natrium dan kalium dengan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square pada p-value< 0,05 dan uji beda rata-rata dengan metode Independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rerata sistolik pada normotensi 118,87 mmHg dan diastolik pada normotensi 76,74 mmHg. Rerata sistolik pada hipertensi 154,50 mmHg dan diastolik pada hipertensi 90,59 mmHg. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara asupan natrium, asupan kalium dan rasio asupan Na:K dengan tekanan darah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak ada hubungan antara asupan natrium, asupan kalium dan rasio asupan Na:K dengan tekanan darah.Kata kunci: natrium, kalium, rasio Na:K, tekanan darah, normotensi, hipertensiAbstractHypertension is the blood pressure escalation of systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. This is also called the silent killer because it does not show any symptoms. One of the factors causes hypertension is high sodium and low potassium intakes. The ratio of Na:K that is suggested is 1:1. The objective of this study is to know the differences sodium and potassium intake in patients hypertension and normotension on

  9. PENGUKURAN KADAR NATRIUM ALGINAT DARI ALGA COKELAT SPESIES Sargassum sp. SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR PEMBUATAN BAHAN CETAK KEDOKTERAN GIGI (IRREVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID/DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIAL)

    OpenAIRE

    MUTMAINNAH SUNAR, SITI

    2016-01-01

    2015 Pengukuran Kadar Natrium Alginate dari Alga Cokelat Spesies Sargassum sp. sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Bahan Cetak Kedokteran Gigi (Irreversible Hydrocolloid/Dental Impression Material) Siti Mutmainnah Sunar Abstrak Latar belakang : Irreversible hydrocolloid merupakan bahan cetak yang relatif sering digunakan di bidang kedokteran gigi. Namun, bahan baku dari bahan cetak ini masih diimpor dari luar negeri. Natrium alginate sebagai bahan baku masih menggunakan ekstraksi alga c...

  10. Efektivitas Penambahan Natrium Diklofenak terhadap Larutan Obat Dilatasi Pupil pada Pasien Retinopati Diabetik

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    Arief S. Kartasasmita

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Pemeriksaan fundus memerlukan akses visualisasi yang baik. Pada penderita diabetes melitus, pupil sulit lebar menggunakan obat pelebar pupil standar sehingga perlu ditambahkan agen pelebar pupil. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo periode Januari sampai Juli 2014 menggunakan metode double masked rendomized cotrolled trial terhadap 64 mata dari 32 subjek penelitian yang telah didiagnosis menderita retinopati diabetika dengan tingkat yang sama antara mata kiri dan kanan. Dibuat larutan kombinasi campuran 10 mL tropikamid 0,5%/fenilefrin 0,5%, 10 mL fenilefrin 5% dan 10 ml 0,1% Na diklofenak (larutan I dan campuran 10 mL tropikamid 0,5%/fenilefrin 0,5%, dan 10 mL fenilefrin 5% (larutan II. Setiap subjek mendapat salah satu larutan pada mata dan larutan yang lain pada sebelahnya secara acak. Dilakukan pemantauan dengan cara memotret pupil pada menit ke-15, 20, dan 25 pada kedua mata. Lebar pupil kedua kelompok perlakuan diukur dengan perangkat lunak khusus (image processing. Dari penenelitian terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara penggunaan larutan I dan larutan II dalam melebarkan pupil baik pada menit ke-15 (t=2,02; p=0,047, menit ke 20 (t=2,23; p=0,029, dan pada menit ke-25 (t=2,041; p=0,045. Larutan kombinasi fenilefrin, tropikamid, dan natrium diklofenak menghasilkan efek dilatasi pupil yang lebih baik dibanding dengan larutan kombinasi fenilefrin dan tropikamid saja pada kasus retinopati diabetes. [MKB. 2017;49(3:199–207] Kata kunci: Dilatasi pupil, natrium diklofenak, retinopati diabetika Effectiveness of Sodium Diclofenac Addition to Pupil Dilatation Agent on Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Fundus examination requires good visualization of fundus. In diabetic patients, it is difficult for the pupil to dilate using the standard pupilarry dilating agent. To achieve proper dilation, special agents have to be added to the standard dilation agent. The study was conducted in Cicendo Eye Hospital from January to July 2014, using

  11. The effects of Co60 gamma rays on the absorption of salicylic natrium orally given to white rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wiharto, Kunto; Kamal, Zainul; Mulyanto; Muryono, H.

    1982-01-01

    The effects of Co 60 gamma rays on the absorption of salicylic natrium orally taken by white rats after being irradiated were studied. Patients treated with radiation used to be given analgesic drugs to elicit pain. Effects of radiation on the physiology of gastrointestinal tracts of such patients are to be studied. Based on this perception some white rats were irradiated with Co 60 gamma rays at the cumulative doses of 500, 750, and 1000 rads which were fractionated to 5 daily doses of 100, 150, and 200 rads. Salicylate concentration in the rat's blood was measured with spectrophotometer. It was found that the greater the radiation dose was given, the less salicylic natrium was absorbed and at a certain dose saturation point happened. (RUW)

  12. PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM METABISULFIT DAN SUHU PEMASAKAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI VAKUM TERHADAP KUALITAS GULA MERAH TEBU

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    Dewi Maya Maharani

    2015-02-01

    gula merah menunjukkan kualitas yang paling baik. Nilai masing-masing parameternya dari perlakuan terbaik sebagai berikut: parameter kimia dan fisik dengankadar air 8,97%, gula reduksi 7,96 %, kadar abu 2,65%, total padatan tak larut 0,60 %, nilai kekerasan 15,68 kg/cm2, parameter organoleptik denganwarna 5,50, rasa 5,04 dan tekstur 5,36. Kata kunci: Nira tebu, natrium metabisulfit, suhu, evaporator vakum, gula merah

  13. KONTRIBUSI JENIS BAHAN MAKANAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI NATRIUM PADA ANAK USIA 6-18 TAHUN DI INDONESIA (FOOD CONTRIBUTION IN SODIUM INTAKE OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG AGE [6-18 YEARS] IN INDONESIA

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    Sri Prihatini

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Hypertension, heart disease and stroke are a major cause of death in Indonesia. In 2013, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia about 25,8 persen. WHO concluded that excess sodium consumption showing a positive straightline relationship with increased incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The aim of data analysis was to get information about  the contribution of sodium intake in children aged 6-18 years. The data came from Individual Food Consumption Study in 2014. The 24 hours recall were done in 2014 was administered to 34.956 children and young people boys and girls aged 6-18 years. Sodium intake were estimated indirectly from food consumption data. The analysis showed that the average of sodium intake in children age 6-18 years were 2609 mg /day, of which as much as 55.3 percent consume more than 2000 mg/day. The food groups that highly contribute to sodium intake were from seasoning (51.8%, cereals and cereals product (21.16%, fish and fish product (10.69%, meat and meat products (4.78%. The main source of sodium intake in children 6-18 years age came from salt (43.9%, followed by noodles (13.2%, other condiment (7.9% and fresh fish (5.4% processed fish (5.3% in consecutive. While  other foods contribute less than 5 percent of sodium.ABSTRAK Saat ini, hipertensi, penyakit jantung dan stroke menjadi penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Menurut hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas tahun 2013, prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 25,8 persen. Data WHO menunjukkan bahwa kelebihan konsumsi Natrium berkaitan dengan peningkatan kejadian hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan analisis data untuk memperoleh informasi kontribusi bahan makanan terhadap asupan Natrium pada anak usia 6-18 tahun. Data yang digunakan adalah data Studi Konsumsi Makanan Individu 2014. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 34.956 anak usia 6-18 tahun. Jumlah asupan Natrium diperoleh dari data recall 1x24 jam. Hasil analisis

  14. Perbedaan Tolerabilitas Meloxicam dengan Natrium Diklofenak terhadap Saluran Cerna pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di PoliklinikPenyakit Saraf Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta 2011

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    Lailan Azizah

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak Obat anti inflamasi non steroid dihubungkan dengan insiden efek samping yang tinggi terhadap saluran cerna. Penghambatan enzim siklooksigenase merupakan dasar efikasi dan toksisitas obat anti inflamasi non steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi jenis obat anti inflamasi non steroid yang digunakan di poliklinik penyakit saraf Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut (Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta dan mengevaluasi tolerabilitas meloxicam 15 mg dengan natrium diklofenak 100 mg terhadap saluran cerna. Metode penelitian ini observasi cross-sectional dan cohortprospektif pada periode Desember 2010–Maret 2011. Pengambilan data mengenai keluhan dispepsia terkait penggunaan obat anti inflamasi non steroid terdiri dari nyeri abdomen atas, mual, muntah, kembung abdomen, dan cepat kenyang dilakukan melalui wawancara berdasarkan kuesioner the porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire (PADYQyaitu sebelum, setelah 2 minggu, dan setelah 4 minggu pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan obat anti inflamasi non steroid paling banyak diresepkan di poliklinik penyakit saraf Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo adalah meloxicam (48,21%, selanjutnya natrium diklofenak (31,07%, asam mefenamat (15,36%, piroxicam (3,93% dan asetaminofen (1,43%. Meloxicam secara bermakna menunjukkan risiko yang lebih kecil terhadap insiden saluran cerna daripada natrium diklofenak setelah 2 minggu pengobatan dalam hal keluhan nyeri abdomen atas dan kembung abdomen dengannilai kebermaknaan pengujian masing-masing sebesar 0,020 dan 0,037. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui meloxicam memiliki tolerabilitas saluran cerna lebih baik daripada natrium diklofenak setelah 2 minggu pengobatan. AbstractPerbedaan Tolerabilitas Meloxicam dengan Natrium Diklofenak terhadap Saluran Cerna pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Poliklinik Penyakit Saraf Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut Dr. Mintohardjo, Jakarta 2011. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs are associated with a high incidence of

  15. Kajian Sifat Fisik Dan Kimia Tepung Labu Kuning (Cucurbita Maxima) Dengan Perlakuan Blanching Dan Perendaman Natrium Metabisulfit (Na2s2o5)

    OpenAIRE

    Purwanto, Chatrine Chrisandy; Ishartani, Dwi; Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji

    2013-01-01

    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan kimia tepung labu kuning yang diberi perlakuan blanching dan perendaman natrium metabisulfit. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap utama, yaitu pembuatan tepung labu kuning dan pengujian sifat fisik dan kimia tepung labu kuning. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua kali ulangan analisa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Bila ada perbedaan antar perlakuan maka dilan...

  16. Measuring natrium alginate content of brown algae spesies Padina sp. as the basic matter for making dental impression material (Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material)

    OpenAIRE

    Nurlindah Hamrun; Suci Amalia Rachman

    2016-01-01

    One of the most important procedure in denture fabrication and orthodontic treatment is molding the patient’s detail oral cavity to determine the treatment planning. This procedure does by using alginate impression material or irreversible hydrocolloid which is the basic material is natrium alginate which is imported from abroad because it is extracted from brown algae which habitat is not in Indonesia so it is causes the impression material is relative expensive which is impact to high cost ...

  17. Pengaruh Penambahan Garam Natrium Dalam Proses Pengendapan Limbah Pengolahan Gambir Terhadap Rendemen Tanin

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    Hendri Muchtar

    2013-06-01

      natrium bikarbonat dan larutan jenuh air kapur. Tahap pengendapan pH larutan diatur dengan menambahkan  NaHCO3 atau air kapur jenuh sedemikian rupa sampai pH 8.   Penambahan  garam NaCl atau garam dapur pada bahan tersebut di atas dengan konsentrasi antara 50 g/L, 100 g/L,  150 g/L, 200 g/L, 250 g/L, 300 g/L, 350g/L, 400 g/L pada 200 ml limbah cair pengolahan gambir. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh endapan yang optimal adalah  dengan penambahan NaCl   teknis dengan konsentrasi 300 g/L dengan menggunakan pengatur pH natrium bikarbonat dengan rendemen sebesar 30,05 %. Penambahan NaCl dengan konsentrasi diatas 300 g/L memberikan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda.  Zat warna tanin dari limbah cair pengolahan gambir berupa  tepung soga berwarna cokelat.

  18. Studi Ketebalan Elektroda Pada Produksi Gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen Oleh Generator Hho Tipe Basah Dengan Katalis NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat

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    Ihsan Sopandi

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak. Salah satu energi alternatif yang efektif dikembangkan sekarang ini untuk mengganti bahan bakar minyak yaitu hidrogen. Untuk mendapatkan gas hidrogen dapat  dilakukan melalui proses elektrolisis air dengan memecahkan senyawa H2O menjadi gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen dengan bantuan listrik arus searah (Direct Current melalui media elektroda berupa plat stainless steel 304. Pada penelitian ini, akan diteliti hasil produksi gas HHO oleh generator HHO tipe basah dengan metode elektrolisa H2O menggunakan variasi ketebalan elektroda jenis stainless steel 304 yaitu 0,8 mm, 1 mm dan 1,2 mm dengan katalis NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat pada larutan elektrolitnya. Karakteristik yang diketahui meliputi konsumsi daya listrik yang digunakan oleh generator, volume gas yg dihasilkan,  laju produksi gas HHO yang dihasilkan dan efisiensi generator. Hasil penelitian dan pengujian generator HHO tipe basah ini didapatkan generator terbaik pada ketebalan elektroda 1 mm diperoleh data hasil pengujian dengan daya HHO yang digunakan sebesar 59,11 Watt, laju produksi gas HHO yang dihasilkan sebanyak 0,00054 kg/s dan efisiensi generator HHO sebesar 9,42 %.   Study On The  Electrode Thickness In HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen Gas Production By Wet Type HHO Generator With Catalyst NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat Abstract. One of the alternative energy that effective and currently being developed to replace fossil fuels is hydrogen. To obtain the hydrogen gas can be done through the process of electrolysis of water by breaking the compound H2O into HHO (Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen gas by using an electric direct current through the medium of 304 stainless steel plate  as an electrode. This research will be developing and observing HHO gas production process using HHO generator wet type (wet cell through electrolysis H2O with thickness variation of electrode that used 0.8 mm, 1 mm and 1.2 mm of electrode 304 stainless steel plate with NaHCO3 (Nathrium Bicarbonat

  19. A Meta Analysis of Radiosensitivity on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer 
by Metronidazole Amino Acidum Natrium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Weiwei REN

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Background and objective The efficacy and safety of radiosensitivity on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC using metronidazole amino acidum natrium (CMNa are yet to be proven. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of radiosensitivity on NSCLC by CMNa to provide references for further clinical practice and research. Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs were obtained from the Cochrane library, Pubmed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wan Fang databases. Dates were searched through other means. RCTs of radiosensitivity on NSCLC by CMNa were included. The data included in the study were evaluated and analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 21 RCTs were included. The results of the meta-analyses showed that the total effective rate of the test group that received CMNa plus radiotherapy was higher than that of the control group that received radiotherapy alone (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 2.47-4.39, P<0.000,01 or radiotherapy plus placebo (OR=3.65, 95%CI: 2.25-5.92, P<0.000,01, respectively. No significant differences were found in the quality of life between one and two-year survival rates (P>0.05. No significant differences were found among radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, hematological toxicity, and cardiotoxicity (P>0.05. Conclusion CMNa plus radiotherapy elicit beneficial effects in the treatment of NSCLC and produce fewer adverse effects. Therefore, this technique can be recommended and applied in clinics.

  20. Natrium dischargement from peripheral blood as a predominant factor influenced by the administration of banana (Musa paradisiaca) on elderly female hypertensive patient

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pramono, A.; Noriko, N.; Komara, S. B.

    2017-04-01

    Hypertension is more common in eldery female that triggered by diet and lifestyle changes. Bananas were not only useful for the food, but also for hypertension therapy and preserving life. Administration of bananas decreased blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This study aims to identify of factors that influenced by the administration of banana (Musa paradisiaca) on elderly female hypertensive patient. Twenty of eldery female patient were divided into 2 respondents group: control (11 patients) and treatment (9 patients). The treatment groups received banana twice a day during 2 weeks, but the control group didn’t. Here, we showed the administration of banana significantly decreased blood pressure on elderly female hypertensive patient (p = 0.00) in both systole and diastole. There was a significant decrease in sodium levels (p = 0.037) in the blood, but potassium levels remained the same. Erythrocyte sedimentation level (p = 0.136) and trombocyte count (p = 0.176) in treatment group, were not affected by banana administration. Taken together, banana administration on elderly female hypertensive patient decreased the blood pressure significantly, greatly affected by the natrium dischargement from the blood. Thus, our findings contribute to preliminary comprehension of banana effect on hypertension reduction.

  1. Physical characteristic of brown algae (Phaeophyta from madura strait as irreversible hydrocolloid impression material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Prihartini Widiyanti

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Background: Brown algae is a raw material for producing natrium alginates. One type of brown algae is Sargassum sp, a member of Phaeophyta division. Sargassum sp could be found in Madura strait Indonesia. Natrium alginate can be extracted from Sargassum sp. The demand of alginate in Indonesia is mainly fulfilled from abroad, meanwhile Sargassum sp is abundantly available. Purpose: The purpose of study were to explore the potency of brown alga Sargassum sp from Madura strait as hydrocolloid impression material and to examine its physical characteristic. Methods: The methods of research including extraction natrium alginate from Sargassum sp, synthesis of dental impression material and the test of porosity, density, viscosity, and water content of impression material which fulfilled the standard of material used in clinical application in dentistry. Results: Extraction result of Sargassum sp was natrium alginate powder with cream colour, odorless, and water soluble. The water content of natrium alginate was 21.64% and the viscosity was 0.7 cPs. The best porosity result in the sample with the addition of trinatrium phosphate 4% was 3.61%. Density value of impression material was 3 gr/cm3. Conclusion: The research suggested that brown algae Sargassum sp from Madura strait is potential as hydrocolloid impression material, due to its physical properties which close to dental impression material, but still need further research to optimize the physical characteristic.Latar belakang: Alga coklat adalah sumber bahan baku material natrium alginat. Salah satu jenis alga coklat adalah Sargassum sp yang merupakan anggota divisi Phaeophyta. Sargassum sp dapat ditemukan di Selat Madura Indonesia. Natrium alginat dapat diekstraksi dari Sargassum sp. Kebutuhan akan bahan ini di Indonesia sebagian besar dipenuhi dari impor, padahal ketersediaan Sargassum sp di Indonesia sangat melimpah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi alga coklat

  2. PENGIKATAN GARAM EMPEDU OLEH SUSU KEDELAI TERFERMENTASI DAN STABILITASNYA TERHADAP PEPSIN DAN PANKREATIN [Binding of Bile Salts by Fermented Soymilk and Its Stability Against Pepsin and Pancreatin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusmarini1*

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Processed soybean products especially the fermented ones have beneficial health effects since they are capable of reducing the level of plasmacholesterol (hypocholesterolemic effect. One of the mechanisms is by increasing the binding of bile salt. This research was aimed to assess the ability of soymilk, fermented soymilk products and fermented soymilk products combined with enzymatic hydrolysis to bind bile salts. The stability of the binding against hydrolysis by digestive enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin was also evaluated. Fermented soybean products inoculated with isolates of L. plantarum 1 R.11.1.2 was be able to bind 1.40 μmol/100 mg protein (62.26% of natrium taurocholate. This binding ability is slightly higher than that of soymilk to natrium taurocholate, i.e.1.33 μmol/100 mg protein (59.04%. Addition of a protease enzyme specific to hydrophobic amino acid (thermolysin on fermented soymilk products was able to enhance the ability of bind natrium taurocholate. Enzymatic hydrolysis products having a molecular weight of <7 kDa could bind 1.51 μmol/100 mg protein natrium taurocholate (67.4%. There was a significant increase in the binding, i.e. 7.9% by the fermented products or an increase of 13.5% from soymilk. Meanwhile peptides measuring ≥7 kDa showed no binding ability against natrium taurocholate.

  3. Preparation and evaluation of oral multiparticulate formulations of acid-labile drugs

    OpenAIRE

    Huang, Fang

    2017-01-01

    Säure-labile Medikamente werden leicht in saurem Medium abgebaut, welche hauptsächlich als enterisch beschichtete Dosierungsformen für die orale Verabreichung formuliert wurden. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, orale multipartikuläre Formulierungen von säure-labilen Medikamenten, mit Ilaprazol, Lansoprazol und Rabeprazol Natrium als Modellarzneistoffe vorzubereiten. Der Einfluss der Wirkstofflöslichkeit von Lansoprazol und Rabeprazol Natrium und des Kerntyps, wurde auf das Übe...

  4. Physical characteristic of brown algae (Phaeophyta) from madura strait as irreversible hydrocolloid impression material

    OpenAIRE

    Prihartini Widiyanti; Siswanto Siswanto

    2012-01-01

    Background: Brown algae is a raw material for producing natrium alginates. One type of brown algae is Sargassum sp, a member of Phaeophyta division. Sargassum sp could be found in Madura strait Indonesia. Natrium alginate can be extracted from Sargassum sp. The demand of alginate in Indonesia is mainly fulfilled from abroad, meanwhile Sargassum sp is abundantly available. Purpose: The purpose of study were to explore the potency of brown alga Sargassum sp from Madura strait as hydrocolloid im...

  5. SYNTHESIS NEW POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT SODIUM SALT OF PENTAGAMAVUNON-0

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enade Perdana Istyastono

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Inflammation is the response of living tissues to injury. The process affects physiological changes such as erythema, edema, asthma and fever. Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs have been developed since they could inhibit inflammation process because of its ability to inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandin, one of inflammation mediators, through inhibition of cyclooxigenase (COX enzymes. Molecules, which have been reported having anti-inflammatory activity, for example, are curcumin, some curcumin derivatives and curcumin analogues. One of curcumin analogues that has been  developed is pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0 whose IUPAC name is 2,5-bis(4'-hidroxy-3'-methoxy-benzylidenecyclo-pentanone. But PGV-0, which is like curcumin, practically insoluble in water, so it causes problems in the development. The aim of this research is to synthesize a derivative of PGV-0, a natrium salt of PGV-0 (natrium pentagamavunonate-0/Na-pentagamavunonate-0, which is hoped to have a better anti-inflammatory activity and solubility in water than PGV-0. PGV-0 was synthesized by reacting vanillin and cyclopentanone catalized by acid. Na-pentagamavunonate-0 was synthesized with PGV-0 as a starting material using an appropriate method. This research was able to synthesize new compound that was estimated as a natrium salt of PGV-0 (natrium pentagamavunonate-0/Na-pentagamavunonate-0.   Keywords: Curcumin, PGV-0, Na-pentagamavunonate-0, anti-inflammation

  6. Continuous method of natrium purification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Batoux, B.; Laurent-Atthalin, A.; Salmon, M.

    1975-01-01

    An improvement of the known method for the production of highly pure sodium from technically pure sodium which still contains several hundred ppm metallic impurities is proposed. These impurities, first of all Ca and Ba, are separated by oxidation with sodium peroxide. The continuous method is new which can also be performed on a technically large scale and which results in a degree of purity of less than 10 ppm Ca. Under N 2 -atmosphere, highly dispersed sodium peroxide is added to a flow of sodium, and at 100 0 C to 150 0 C, thoroughly mixed, the suspension is heated under turbulence to 200 0 C to 300 0 C, and the forming oxides are separated. Exact data for an optimum reaction guide as well as a flow diagram are supplied. (UWI) [de

  7. Continuous method of natrium purification

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Batoux, B; Laurent-Atthalin, A; Salmon, M

    1975-05-28

    An improvement of the known method for the production of highly pure sodium from technically pure sodium which still contains several hundred ppm metallic impurities is proposed. These impurities, first of all Ca and Ba, are separated by oxidation with sodium peroxide. The new continuous method can be performed on a technically large scale and results in a degree of purity of less than 10 ppm Ca. Under N/sub 2/ -atmosphere, highly dispersed sodium peroxide is added to a flow of sodium, and at 100/sup 0/C to 150/sup 0/C, thoroughly mixed, the suspension is heated under turbulence to 200/sup 0/C to 300/sup 0/C, and the forming oxides are separated. Exact data for an optimum reaction guide as well as a flow diagram are supplied.

  8. A note on the manipulation of sodium and potassium concentrations in the rumen of reindeer and the possible effect on digestibility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans Staaland

    1987-06-01

    Full Text Available Rumen Na+ and K+ concentrations in reindeer were manipulated by introducing 4 M KC1 or 4 M NaCl into the reindeer rumen. A positive correlation was found between salivary and ruminal concentrations of Na+ and K+. Decreased ruminal Na+ concentrations seemed to decrease dry matter digestibility in nylon bags incubated in the rumen.Om manipulering av natrium og kalium konsentrasjoner i vomma hos rein og om de mulige effekter på fordøyeligheten.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Na+ og K+ konsentrasjoner i vomma hos rein ble regulert ved å gi reinen 4 M KC1 eller 4 M NaCl direkte i vomma. Det ble funnet en positiv korrelasjon mellom spytt og vomkonsentrasjoner av Na+ og K+. Redusert Na+ konsentrasjon i vomma synes å redusere tørrstoff-fordøyelighet i nylonposer plassert i vomma.Poron pötsin natrium- ja kaliumkonsentraation kokeellisesta mu-uttamisesta ja tämän mahdollisesta vaikutuksesta sulavuuteen.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Poron potsin natrium- ja kaliumkonsentraatioita muutettiin antamalla 4 M KC1 tai 4 M NaCl suo-raan potsiin. Syljen ja potsin Na ja K -konsentraatioiden vålillå todettiin positiivinen korrelaatio. Alentunut Na -konsentraatio potsisså nåyttåå våhentåvån kuiva-aineen sulavuutta potsiin sijoitetuissa nailonpusseissa.

  9. PA de Villiers A. Smith Melkwinningis 'n arbllidsintensieweproses en ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Die invloed van melkintervalle op melk-, bottervet- en proteienproduksie en bottervet-, proteien- en natriumkonsentrasie. Verandering in: Melkproduksie. Bottervet-. Proteitm-. Bottervet-. Proteiim-. Natrium- produksie produksie konsentrasie konsentrasie konsentrasie. A.g.v. toenemende melk- intervalle van: 12 tot 16 uur.

  10. MOULDING MIXTURES HARDENING PROCESS BASED ON LIGNIN-BASE SULPHONATE BINDER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. N. Ektova

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Hardening of agglutinant sands on lignosulphonate binding agent is the result of two processes: oxidation-reduction in the system lignosulphonate acids — persulfuric natrium in the early stages of hardening and hydration of cement in the latter stages.

  11. Filaggrin and skin reactivity to irritants - Epidemiological and Experimental studies

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bandier, Josefine

    2015-01-01

    grupper i henhold til børneeksem og filaggrinmutationsstatus. Vi analyserede hudens reaktion over for en kendt hudirriterende detergent, natrium lauryl sulfat (SLS), ved tre forskellige doser (0,25, 0,50 og 1% SLS). Graden af barrierepåvirkning blev vurderet ved laser Doppler flowmetry, transepidermalt...

  12. Study of the sulfuric acid leaching and bacterial leaching of low grade uranium ore by orbital shaker experiment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Guangyue; Liu Yulong; Wang Yongdong; Ding Dexin

    2009-01-01

    The sulphuric acid leaching and bacteria leaching by orbital shaker experiments were conducted for the low grade uranium ore from a uranium mine in Guangdong Province. The results show that, when the concentration of sulphuric acid and that of slurry were 30 g/L and 25%, respectively, the conditions were most favourable for sulphuric acid leaching and the rate of leaching reached 92.92%, that, when pH value was 1.5, inoculation amount, 10%, concentration of slurry, 10%, the conditions were most favourable for bacteria leaching and the rate of leaching reached 95.93%, that, compared with sulphuric acid leaching, bacteria leaching decreased sulphuric acid consumption by 17.2% and increased the rate of leaching by 3%, and that, under the most favourable conditions for suphuric acid leaching, if 1% natrium chlorate was added, the rate of leaching increased to 96.46%, but 10 kg of natrium chlorate was consumed for 1 ton of uranium ore. (authors)

  13. Preparasi Katalis Cu/Silika Gel dari Kristobalit Alam Sabang serta Uji Aktivitasnya pada Reaksi Dehidrogenasi Etanol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Surya Lubis

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Cu/Silica gel catalyst preparation by using silica content which is obtained from Sabang natural crystobalit has been done. Isolated silica from crystobalit is reacted with natrium hidroxide to produce silicate natrium that reacted further with sulphate acid to produce silica gel. Silica gel is characterized by infra red spektroscopy dan BET test. BET test result showed that silica gel obtained has specific surface area 260,04 m2/gram and ion Cu  impregnation into silica gel pores produce Cu/silica gel catalyst with spesific surace area 158,53 m/gram ith Cu2+ metal content = 193 ppm. Catalyst activation test Cu/silica gel at dehidrogenation reaction of etanol to produce asetaldehide was done at temperature 100oC – 300oC. Reseach showed that the highest asetaldehide consentration (20,24% is obtained at temperature 300oC.   Keywords: asetaldehide, crystobalit, Cu/silica gel, dehidrogenation, ethanol

  14. KETERTARIKAN LALAT BUAH BACTROCERA PADA EKSTRAK OLAHAN LIMBAH KAKAO BERPENGAWET

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dyah Rini Indriyanti

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Lalat buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae merupakan salah satu hama pen ting menyerang tanaman buah-buahan dan sayuran. B. carambolae di laboratorium tertarik pada olahan limbah kakao. Hasil uji coba di lapangan belum memuaskan karena olahan limbah kakao mudah rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji respon lalat buah Bactrocera yang diberi umpan ekstrak olahan limbah kakao berpenga wet. Pengawet yang digunakan yakni: Natrium klorida (NaCl, Natrium benzoat (C7H5NaO2 dan Potasium sorbat (C6H7KO2. Konsentrasi yang dipakai masing-masing pengawet 0,1%; 0,2% dan 0,3%. Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu ming gu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa daya tahan limbah yang diberi penga wet dan yang tidak dilihat secara secara fisik (warna dan tekstur tidak berbeda nyata, namun ada perbedaan bau. Limbah yang tidak diberi pengawet ada kecen derungan baunya tidak sedap dibanding yang diberi pengawet. Hal ini yang mempengaruhi ketertarikan lalat terhadap olahan limbah kakao. Respon ketertarikan lalat Bactrocera terhadap olahan limbah kakao yang diberi pengawet berbeda antara satu dengan yang lain. Respon ketertarikan tertinggi Bactrocera cenderung pada olahan limbah kakao yang diberi pengawet Natrium klorida 0,3%, Potasium sorbat 0,2% dan Natrium benzoat 0,1%.The fruit fly Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae is one of the important pests attacking crops of fruits and vegetables. In the laboratory, B. carambolae was attracted by the processed cocoa waste. The results of field trials have not been satisfactory yet, because the processed cocoa waste was easily damaged. The purpose of the study wast to examine the response of Bactrocera to the bait made of processed cocoa extract waste containing preservatives. The preservatives used were: Sodium chloride (NaCl, sodium benzoate (C7H5NaO2 and potassium sorbate (C6H7KO2. The concentration of each preservative was 0.1%; 0.2% and 0.3%. A one-week observation was made. The result showed that there was no

  15. Corrosion of reinforcement induced by environment containing ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    ... the action of chloride solutions may intensify the process of corrosion of steel reinforcement in comparison to the converse sequence of the action of mentioned media. At the same time the natrium chloride solution has been shown as a more aggressive medium opposite to the calcium and magnesium chloride solutions.

  16. Selective sodium removal from lithium chloride brine with novel ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Natrium superionic conductor (NASICON) ceramics present interesting sensitive and selective properties against alkaline cations due to their structure. The powder of Li1.4La0.4Zr1.6(PO4)3 has been synthesized by a solid phase reaction. The removal of sodium was studied in an extensive series of tests involving different ...

  17. Annual meeting on nuclear technology 1980. Technical meeting: Early detection methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1980-01-01

    The practical methods refer to the neutron noise analysis of BWR-type reactors, the development and implementation of an early detection system for BWR-type reactors and the possibilities of the noise analysis in natrium-cooled fast breeder reactors. The mathematical methods are concerned with the stochastic analysis, high-frequency acoustic monitoring and early detection of damage in PWR-type reactors. (DG) [de

  18. Barodiffusion phenomena at active transport of na+ and K+ ions through the cell membrane

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khrapijchuk, G.V.; Chalyi, A.V.; Nurishchenko, N.Je.

    2010-01-01

    The influence of ultrasound as the significant motive force of barodiffusion phenomena at the processes of active transport of Na + and K + ions through the cell membrane is considered. The dependence of membrane potential is theoretically estimated at active transport of natrium and potassium ions on the ultrasound intensity and pressure overfall between external and internal medium of the cell.

  19. Long-distance transport of natrium in bean plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marschner, H.; Ossenberg-Neuhaus, H.

    1976-01-01

    After Na + -application to a certain zone of the root or after application to the tip or to the base of a primary leaf or along the stem of bean plants, the long-distance transport of Na + was studied. The age of the plants was 8 d when root application took place, 10 d at the time of leaf application. After application to the root zone, the long-distance transport of Na + in the direction of the shoot was strongly prevented, and the transport in the direction of the root point could be neglected. Presence of K + in the ambient nutritive solution led to a strong increase of Na + efflux from the roots. Within 48 hrs., 30-40% of the Na + applied to a primary leaf were transported towards the roots. The Na + efflux to the ambient nutritive solution came from the basal regions; it was mostly more than 10% of the amount recepted through the leaf and was only slightly increased by the presence of K + in the external solution. In the case of Na + application through the hypokotyl, this Na + -efflux from the roots was even more than 25% within 12 hrs. Both with leaf and with stem application, only 1% of the Na + taken up was transported in the direction of the shoot point. The separation of the hypocotyl tissue in the bark and in the central cylinder showed the extremely high Na + storage capacity of the central cylinder. The transfer of Na + from the central cylinder into the bark seems to be fast in the hypocotyl, while the escape of Na + from the phloem of the bark into the central cylinder is rather limited. Long-distance transport of Na + in the phloem of the bark is highly basispetal and of high efficiency. Low Na + -contents in bean leaves are thus due to several regulation mechanisms: K + -stimulated Na + -efflux in the root, restricted long-distance transport in the xylemadue to high storage capacity of the xylemparenchyma, Na + influx pumps at the phloem in stem and leaf and strictly basipetal phloem-retransport of Na + in the root and efflux into the surrounding solution. (orig./MG) [de

  20. The Sr-90 waste treatment by using sodium carbonat as a carrier

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suroto.

    1978-01-01

    The coprecipitation processes of the Sr-90 wastes, with the lime-soda treatment, that followed by the mechanism of isomorph substitution, have shown a good performance in pH 7-8. Excess of natrium carbonate in the lime-soda treatment caused the decrease of the decontamination factor. This research shows that the coprecipitation by calcite-phosphate was better than the lime-soda treatment. (author)

  1. Phase diagrams of NaOCl-Na3PO4-H2O ternary system. Jiaensosan natrium-rinsan natrium-mizu sanseibun soheiko jotaizu

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hamano, A. (Sasebo College of Tehcnology, Nagasaki (Japan)); Kito, K. (Nippon Steel Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

    1993-10-30

    Sodium chlorate (NaOCl) aqueous solution is used widely as a bleach. Attempts have been made to extract crystals from this aqueous solution, but only with difficulty because of instability of the generated crystals. Generating Na3PO4 and solid solution has been attempted as a method to stabilize the crystals. The present study has prepared a phase equilibrium diagram for three components of NaOCl-Na3PO4-H2O at 5[degree]C and 10[degree]C for theoretical elucidation thereof. In the prepared diagram, the conjugate lines linking the saturated solution with the solution containing solid phase have not crossed at one point, but scattered on the solid phase line. This has made clear that no double salt has been generated, but solid solution has been produced. The mol ratio of NaOCl in the generated solid solution was 0.071 to 0.447 at 15[degree]C and 0.026 to 0.6 at 5[degree]C indicating that solid solution with composition of wider range than in literatures reported conventionally has been produced. 8 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

  2. Anwendung der isothermalen Mikrokalorimetrie zur physikochemischen Charakterisierung molekularer Interaktionen in pharmazeutischen Formulierungen

    OpenAIRE

    Schicke, Burkhard Christoph

    2010-01-01

    Die isothermalen Mikrokalorimetrie (IMC) ermöglicht die Erfassung von Wärmeflüssen im Mikrowattbereich. Der Nutzen und die Aussagekraft dieser Methode wurden bei folgenden physikochemischen Prozessen untersucht: Hydratation von Diclofenac-Natrium (DfNa) zum Tetrahydrat bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und relativen Feuchten, Kompatibilitäts¬untersuchungen von DfNa und amphiphiler Stärke bei 100% rH und Temperaturen bis zu 313 K, Kristallisationsverhalten von unterschiedlichen Triglycerid-Phosph...

  3. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SPUTUM STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE VITAL PROPERTIES OF TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu. D. Rodionova

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Goal of the study: to enhance efficiency of laboratory diagnostics of tuberculous infection through investigating the effect of various storage conditions of samples on the growth properties of Tuberculosis complex mycobacteria.Materials and Methods. 2058 samples of sputum collected by coughing were examined. All sputum samples were aliquoted into 5 parts stored under various conditions: in the fridge under +7°С for 2 hours; frozen for 7 days; by room indoor temperature for 48-72 hours; with the use preservative 10% solution of triple-substituted natrium phosphate for 48 hours; in the fridge under +7°С for 2 hours with consequent treatment by 1% solution of N-acetyl-L-cysteine.Results. The most optimal sputum storage conditions are freezing by -20°С, providing maximum safety of mycobacteria and minimum contamination of the samples with foreign bacteria. Sputum storage by indoor room temperature for 2-3 days reduces the number of positive results of cultures on nutritive media. Using 10% solution of triple-substituted natrium phosphate provides high positive results of bacterioscopic and cultural testing techniques. Time prolongation for biomaterials storage in the preservative solution for more than 72 hours results in the death tuberculous mycobacteria. 

  4. Experimental studies on the development of Falibaryt HD, a new high density barium meal for double contrast examination of the stomach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dietze, R.

    1985-01-01

    During the development of a new double contrast barium meal barium sulfate preparations with different densities, additives and particle size distributions were tested. Phantoms made of leather, rubber and dissected stomachs of cows and pigs. High density bariumsulfat suspension (200 - 250 % weight/volume) of low viscosity and suitable particle size spectrum containing additives improving the adherence (e.g. natrium citrate) displayed the best quality parameters for optimal imaging of the fine mucosal relief. (author)

  5. Indium-111 octreotide uptake in the surgical scar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Degirmenci, B.; Bekis, R.; Durak, H.; Derebeck, E. [Dokuz Eylul Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; Sen, M. [Dokuz Eylul Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

    1999-07-01

    Indium-111 octreotide uptake has been reported in various somatostatin receptor positive tumors, granulomas and autoimmune diseases in which activated leucocytes may play a role, subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma and angiofibroma. We present Indium-111 octreotide uptake in a surgical abdominal scar tissue 1.5 to 6 months after surgery in a patient who had been treated for recurrent carcinoid tumor in the rectosigmoid junction. Indium-111 octreotide uptake in a surgical scar may be related to the binding to somatostatin receptors in the activated lymphocytes and fibroblasts that is previously reported. (orig.) [German] In verschiedenen Somatostatinrezeptor-positiven Tumoren, Granulomen, bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, in denen aktivierte Leukozyten eine Rolle spielen, subcutanen kavernoesen Hammangiomen und Angiofibromen wurde ueber die Anreicherung von Indium-111-Oktreotid berichtet. Wir berichten ueber die Anreicherung von Indium-111-Oktreotid in einer chirurgischen Narbe ueber dem Abdomen nach 1,5 und 6 Monaten bei einem Patienten mit einem Rezidiv-Karzinoid im rektosigmoidalen Uebergang. Die Anreicherung von Indium-111-Oktreotid in chirurgischen Narbengewebe koennte in Zusammenhang stehen mit einer Bindung an Somatostationrezeptoren in aktivierten Lymphozyten und Fibroblasten, ueber die schon berichtet wurde. (orig.)

  6. Manual of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

    Science.gov (United States)

    1989-04-01

    added to form 2,000 ml solution. (3) Fresh guinea pig serum (GPS), which may be stored at -80’ C. (4) Dithiothreitol solution (DTT), 3 mg/ml, which...named Seoul virus, has been serol gically identified in Africa, North and South America, India, te Ihighlands of New Guinea , 3 Y/ j5 HFRS several...kalium and protein free and essentially natrium-free, is recommended. If parenteral alimentation is necessary, the usual treatment is to infuse

  7. Development of a new high density (HD) barium meal (Falibaryt HD) for double contrast investigation of the stomach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dietze, R.

    1986-01-01

    During the development of a new double contrast barium meal barium sulfate preparations with various densities, additives and particle size distributions were tested. Phantoms made of leather, rubber and the opened stomachs of cows and pigs were used. A HD bariumsulfate suspension (200 - 250% W/V) of low viscosity and suitable grain size spectrum containing additives improving the adherence (e.g. natrium citrate) showed the best quality parameters for an optimal imaging of the fine mucosal relief. (author)

  8. Studium vlastností tablet ze dvou typů mikrokrystalické celulosy

    OpenAIRE

    Lišková, Simona

    2010-01-01

    The thesis studies mechanical strenght and disintegration time of tablets from two types of Microcel - Microcel® MC - 12 a Microcel® MC - 500. These characteristics were studied depending on compression force (3, 4 and 5 kN) and addition of two types of lubricants (magnesium stearate, natrium stearyl fumarate) in two concentrations - 0, 5 % and 1 % and addition of two model active substances in concentration 50 % (acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid). For compression with active substance ...

  9. Interaction of kaolin containing ores with natrium and calcium chlorides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sokhibov, I.Sh.; Dadabaeva, G.; Mirzoev, B.; Safiev, H.; Boboev, Kh.E.

    1997-01-01

    The impact of different factors on ore agglomeration at presence of carbon activators CaCl 2 and NaCl 2 was studied. The impact of different factors on water and hydrochloric acid processing of obtained cake was studied as well. The temperature influence was studied at temperature range 600-1000 deg C during 90 min sintering. The obtained cakes were leached by water in acid medium and were used as coagulants for water purification from suspended matters.

  10. How solar power is preserved; Wie Sonnenstrom haltbar wird

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heup, Juergen; Rentzing, Sascha

    2013-06-15

    The expansion of photovoltaics only works, if stores are able to buffer the fluctuating solar energy. Economic technologies are still missing, but the researchers are pursuing several promising approaches (e. g. lithium batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, redox-flow batteries, hydrogen storage (power-to-gas), heat pump). [German] Der Ausbau der Photovoltaik funktioniert nur, wenn Speicher die schwankende Solarenergie puffern. Noch fehlen wirtschaftliche Technologien, doch die Forscher verfolgen einige viel versprechende Ansaetze (z.B. Lithium-Batterien, Natrium-Schwefel-Batterien, Redox-flow-Batterien, Wasserstoffspeicherung (Power-to-Gas), Waermepumpe).

  11. PENAMBAHAN ASAM ASETAT DAN FUMARAT UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN KUALITAS PIKEL UBI JALAR KUNING PASCA FERMENTASI (Addition of Acetic and Fumaric Acid to Maintain Quality of Fermented Yellow Sweet Potatoes Pickle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neti Yuliana

    2014-10-01

    bakteri bukan asam laktat, dan bakteri asam laktat masing masing <30 koloni/ml, total asam 1,35%, pH 3,18 dan total padatan terlarut 2,07o brix, warna orange pucat, beraroma asam dengan tingkat penerimaan panelis 87%. Berdasarkan penerimaan sensoris, perlakuan asam fumarat lebih baik daripada asam asetat ataupun kombinasai asam asetat-fumarat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam asetat, fumarat dan kombinasi keduanya dapat mempertahankan kualitas pikel ubi jalar kuning yang berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengganti pengawet benzoat. Kata Kunci: Pikel ubi jalar kuning, asetat, fumarat, natrium benzoat

  12. Chemical composition and water quality of Tashlyk Water-cooling reservoir of South-Ukraine NPP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kosheleva, S.I.; Gajdar, E.M.

    1995-01-01

    Information about water quality in Tashlyk water reservoir (cooler of South-Ukrainian NPP) during 9 years (1980-1992) is presented. Comparative data about Water Quality of South Bug (its source of water nutrition) and this reservoir point on the periodical pollution by surface waters and industrial wastes with a great contain of sulphates and chlorides. The class of water has been changed from hydrocarbonat calcium to sulfur-chlorine-magnesium or chlorine-natrium. The contain of biogenic and organic components in reservoir's water has been corresponded to the main class of waters satisfactory cleanliness

  13. Natrium: Use of FPGA embedded processors for real-time data compression

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ammendola, R; Salamon, A; Salina, G [INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy); Biagioni, A; Frezza, O; Cicero, F Lo; Lonardo, A; Rossetti, D; Simula, F; Tosoratto, L; Vicini, P [INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome (Italy)

    2011-12-15

    We present test results and characterization of a data compression system for the readout of the NA62 liquid krypton calorimeter trigger processor. The Level-0 electromagnetic calorimeter trigger processor of the NA62 experiment at CERN receives digitized data from the calorimeter main readout board. These data are stored on an on-board DDR2 RAM memory and read out upon reception of a Level-0 accept signal. The maximum raw data throughput from the trigger front-end cards is 2.6 Gbps. To readout these data over two Gbit Ethernet interfaces we investigated different implementations of a data compression system based on the Rice-Golomb coding: one is implemented in the FPGA as a custom block and one is implemented on the FPGA embedded processor running a C code. The two implementations are tested on a set of sample events and compared with respect to achievable readout bandwidth.

  14. Natrium: Use of FPGA embedded processors for real-time data compression

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ammendola, R; Salamon, A; Salina, G; Biagioni, A; Frezza, O; Cicero, F Lo; Lonardo, A; Rossetti, D; Simula, F; Tosoratto, L; Vicini, P

    2011-01-01

    We present test results and characterization of a data compression system for the readout of the NA62 liquid krypton calorimeter trigger processor. The Level-0 electromagnetic calorimeter trigger processor of the NA62 experiment at CERN receives digitized data from the calorimeter main readout board. These data are stored on an on-board DDR2 RAM memory and read out upon reception of a Level-0 accept signal. The maximum raw data throughput from the trigger front-end cards is 2.6 Gbps. To readout these data over two Gbit Ethernet interfaces we investigated different implementations of a data compression system based on the Rice-Golomb coding: one is implemented in the FPGA as a custom block and one is implemented on the FPGA embedded processor running a C code. The two implementations are tested on a set of sample events and compared with respect to achievable readout bandwidth.

  15. SURVIVAL RATE PENYANDANG HIPERTENSI DENGAN KONSUMSI NATRIUM RENDAH TERHADAP KEJADIAN STROKE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ekowati Rahajeng

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Several studies have shown that stroke can be prevented through modifiable risk factors. The adequate treatment of hypertension may reduce the risk of stroke. Lifestyle modification such as reducing salt intake in hypertension management have demonstrated lowering blood pressure, enhancing the effectiveness of antihypertension drugs and also reducing stroke risk. This study aims to verify the survival rate of hypertension with lower sodium intake (<2000 mg per day on the incidence of stroke. The study was conducted through a prospective cohort study (4 years of follow-up in 1082 people with confirmed hypertension. Stroke were confirmed by neurologist. The consumption of sodium, sugar and fat were collected through 24-hour dietary recall. Hypertension survival rate was calculated using Life Table Survival analysis. This study has demonstrated evidence of the higher survival rate of hypertension with low sodium intake on the incidence of stroke, with the difference 2-year survival rate is 3 percent higher and 4-year survival rate is 5 percent higher. Sodium consumption of <2000 mg per day in people with hypertension has prevented a 78 percent incidence of stroke. Therefore, the intervention programs to reduce of the consumption of salt or sodium in Indonesia should be prioritized.

  16. Preparation and Comparative Characterization of Alginate-Made Microcapsules and Microspheres Containing Tomato, Seabuckthorn Juices and Pumpkin Oil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florina Csernatoni

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Recent studies have shown the benefits of tomatoes, seabuckthorn juices and pumpkin oil, rich in bioactives with antioxidant capacity, in the prevention of prostate diseases. To stabilize their antioxidant activity, microencapsulation represent a good technological alternative, improving the stability and bioavailability of bioactive molecules ( phenolic derivatives, carotenoids, phytosterols, vitamins.   The aim of the study was to prepare and characterize microspheres and microcapsules based on emulsions made of natural polymers like Natrium alginate mixed with tomato and/or seabuckthorn juices, with or without pumpkin oil.  The viscosity of emulsions, the morphology of microcapsules and microspheres were characterized comparatively and the bioactives were monitored by UV-Vis spectrometry.  In the lipophilic extract there were identified, before and after encapsulation, different classes of compounds, from lipids, to phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids and carotenoids. Carotenoids were the major components having concentrations from 9.16 up to 19.71 mg/100 g sample. The viscosity of  each emulsion including juices, oil and natrium alginate 2%, before encapsulation, showed differences, dependent on the oil addition and speed of homogenization. The macroscopic and microscopic structure of microspheres and microcapsules were comparatively evaluated. Both microspheres and microcapsules had external diameters  ranging from 750 to 900 μm and the microcapsules’ oily core of 150-180 μm. The results obtained from emulsion’s viscosity will be correlated with the rigidity and optimal release rate of bioactive molecules from microcapsules and microspheres.  Further studies are directed towards these aspects.

  17. FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA REMAJA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS RAWAT INAP SIDOMULYO KOTA PEKANBARU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renny Fitriana

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Data WHO ( World Health Organization tahun 2000 menunjukkan sekitar 972 juta orang atau 26,4% penduduk dunia mengidap hipertensi. Pada remaja juga dijumpai hipertensi. Data Riskesdas 2007, terdapat prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 8,4% dan 14% di Riau. Dari data Dinkes Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2011 kasus hipertensi pada remaja sebesar 2,98% dan dari 19 Puskesmas, angka kasus hipertensi remaja tertinggi terjadi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rawat Inap Sidomulyo yaitu 136 kasus atau 17,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada remaja di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rawat Inap Sidomulyo Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2012. Penelitian dengan desain case control study yang dilakukan pada 128 orang sampel, terdiri dari 64 kasus dan 64 kontrol. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner, tensimeter, timbangan injak, microtoise, FFQ dan kuesioner baecke. Analisis yang dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat keturunan (OR=7,68, 95%C/=3,5- 16,82, obesitas (OR=12,32, 95%C7=5,27-28,75 dan aktivitas fisik (OR=7,86, 95%C7=3,33-18,58 dengan kejadian hipertensi sedangkan perilaku merokok dan asupan natrium tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Faktor risiko yang paling dominan adalah riwayat keturunan, obesitas dan aktivitas fisik. Kesimpulandari hasil penelitian adalah riwayat keturunan, obesitas dan aktivitas fisik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna. Disarankan kepada petugas puskesmas agar dapat meningkatkan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat khususnya pada remaja tentang risiko hipertensi, terutama risiko riwayat keturunan, perilaku merokok, obesitas, aktivitas fisik dan asupan natrium sebagai penyebab hipertensi serta melakukan pencegahan penyakit hipertensi sedini mungkinbagi remaja.

  18. Small organic molecules modulating iodine uptake in thyroid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ambroise, Y.

    2006-01-01

    The thyroid gland accumulates large quantities of iodine. This uptake is needed for the production of iodinated hormones (T3 and T4). The first step in the iodine accumulation is a basolateral transport of iodide ions by the cloned 'Natrium Iodide Sym-porter' also called NIS. Using high-throughput screening techniques, we have identified a series of inhibitors of the iodide uptake in thyrocytes. These compounds are of medical significance in case of thyroid deregulation and can also offer solutions for radio-iodine detoxification in case of emergency situations (nuclear industry...). In addition, these small organic molecules can be important tools for the understanding of NIS structure and functions In parallel, we have identified and characterized a single compound capable to strongly enhance the amount of intra-cellular iodide in rat thyrocytes (FRTL5) as well as in HEK293 cells transfected with hNIS (Natrium/Iodide Sym-porter). Preliminary studies show that this effect is NIS dependant, and is induced by alternative and unknown mechanisms. Future work will consist in unraveling the mode of action of this molecule. These informations will help us not only to better understand the iodide pathways in the thyroid, but also to design more active analogues. We will use photo-labelling techniques to identify new proteins involved in the iodide transfer and retention. In addition, preliminary experiments are underway to validate our compound as an anti-cancer agent. Targeted NIS gene delivery into tumors plus radio-iodide injection leads to tumor size regression. Unfortunately, doses of radioactivity are to high for safe treatment. Our compound may lead to enhanced radio-iodide entrapment, thus necessitating lower doses of radioactivity for tumor regression. (author)

  19. Morphology of Poly lactide/Polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) Nano composite by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Siti Zulaiha Hairaldin; Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus; Norazowa Ibrahim

    2011-01-01

    In this study, Octadecylamine Modified Montmorillonites (ODAMMT) were used to prepare Poly lactide/ Polycaprolactone (PLA/ PCL) nano composites. PLA and PCL mix in 90:10 ratios, using an internal mixer by melt blending technique. The other sample was blend with Natrium Montmorillonite (NaMMT) and Octadecylamine Modified Montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) to produce PLA/ PCL-NaMMT and PLA/ PCL ODAMMT. To characterize the polymer nano composites, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and SEM analysis were conducted. Comparison of morphology were made up between PLA/ PCL, PLA/ PCL with presence of 7 % of Na-MMT and 7 % ODA-MMT respectively based on SEM micrograph by calculate the number-average diameter. (author)

  20. SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL INDOLO[3,2-c]QUINOLINES; ETHYL 3-CHLORO-9,11-DIMETHOXY INDOLO[3,2-c]QUINOLINE-6-CARBOXYLATE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available -Carboline and its derivatives are significant due to their pharmacological importance. The synthesis of indolo[3,2-c]quinolines as a benzo analog of -carboline has been carried out via an oxime ether intermediate. Reaction of 2'-glyoxylic ester with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium acetate afforded the oxime acetate in 82%. It was then treated with natrium and fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in ethanol to give an orange solid of oxime ether acetate which is in subsequent treatment with a base yielded a pale yellow solid of indolo[3,2-c]carboline in 43%. Keywords: -carboline, oxime, indolo[3,2-c]quinoline.

  1. ASUHAN GIZI PADA HIPERTENSI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Triyani Kresnawan

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Prevalensi kejadian hipertensi di Indonesia cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan beberapa negara Asia dan berbagai  dampak  dari  kejadian  hipertensi  memerlukan perhatian  dan  penanganan  khusus.  Untuk mencegah  hipertensi  dan  mengendalikan  hipertensi  beberapa  hal  dapat  dikontrol  di  antaranya  berat badan  berlebih,  kurangnya  aktifitas  fisik,  merokok, konsumsi  alkohol,  asupan  natrium  berlebih,  asupan kalium, kalsium, magnesium yang kurang serta kondisi stres. Pada masa lalu penatalaksanaan hipertensi yaitu  dengan  menggunakan  obat  antihipertensi  dan  diet  rendah  garam.  Pada  saat  ini  modifikasi  gaya hidup  (lifestyle  sudah  diterapkan  pada  saat  pra  Hipertensi,  selain  diet  rendah  garam  1500  -2400  mg Natrium sehari telah disusun pula suatu pedoman yang terdiri dari pola makan, jumlah dan jenis bahan makanan  dengan  memperhatikan  beberapa  zat  gizi  lain yang  berperan  pada  kejadian  hipertensi diantaranya  yang  perlu  ditingkatkan  adalah  asupan  kalsium,  magnesium  dan  kalium  yang  disebut  diet DASH  (Dietary  Approaches  to  Stop  Hypertensi.  Peran  tenaga  gizi  (nutrisionis dan  dietisien  sangat penting  dalam  asuhan  gizi  pasien  hipertensi  sebagai konselor  terapi  non-farmakologik.  Diet  DASH diterapkan sejak pra hipertensi, apabila target tekanan darah tidak tercapai pada 4-6 minggu, maka akan diterapkan terapi farmakologik disertai pengaturan makanan (Diet DASH dan modifikasi gaya hidup. Kata kunci: asuhan gizi, hipertensi

  2. PENGEMBANGAN METODE STERILISASI PADA BERBAGAI EKSPLAN GUNA MENINGKATKAN KEBERHASILAN KULTUR KALUS KENCUR (Kaemferia galangal L

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anis Shofiyani

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Dewasa ini penggunaan obat tradisional yang bersumber dari tumbuh-tumbuhan dimasyarakat semakin meningkat sebagai dampak dari konsep hidup kembali ke alam (back to nature. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dikembangkan sebagai tanaman obat di Indonesia adalah kencur (Kaemferia galanga. Kencur banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional (jamu, fitofarmaka, industri kosmetika,penyedap makanan dan minuman, rempah, serta bahan campuran saus rokok pada industri rokok kretek. Secara empirik kencur digunakan sebagai penambah nafsu makan, infeksi bakteri, obat batuk, disentri, tonikum, ekspektoran, masuk angin, sakit perut karena rimpangnya mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder antara lain saponin, flavonoid, fenol serta minyak atsiri (Syamsuhidayat dan Johnny, 1991. Tahap awal keberhasilan kultur kalus yang dilakukan tidak lepas dari ketepatan pemilihan bahan dasar eksplan yang akan digunakan dan juga teknik sterilisasi yang dilakukan selama kultur kalus. Ketepatan pemilihan sterilan dan lamanya waktu pemberian sterilan pada berbagai macam eksplan ternyata memberikan respon yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya dalam perolehan metode sterilisasi yang tepat pada berbagai macam sumber eksplan berupa daun, akar dan irisan rhizome dalam media MS yang digunakan dalam kultur in vitro khususnya kultur kalus tanaman kencur (Kaemferia galanga, sehingga akan diperoleh metode sterilisasi yang sesuai untuyk perbanyakan kalus kencur. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan yang efektif untuk menekan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sumber kontaminasi adalah Natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl 10 %, 5 menit + Alkohol 70 % ,1 menit pada eksplan daun, kombinasi perlakuan Natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl 5 %, 5 menit + Alkohol 70 % ,1 menit untuk eksplan akar dan kombinasi perlakuan Alkohol 70 % ,1 menit + Kaporit (Ca(ClO2 6%, 20 menit untuk eksplan rimpang kencur. Sumber kontaminan yang dominan tumbuh adalah bakteri dan jamur dari jenis Mucor dan Rhizopus dengan cirri

  3. Penggunaan ekstrak kayu nangka (artocarpus heterophyllus sebagai bahan pewarna untuk kulit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect Alum content and time of mordanting on the rub fastness. Natural dyes from wood dyes Artocarpus heterophyllus haved an intermediate acid resistance (acetic acid, a good alkali resistance (natrium carbonat0 but they had very low sulphur acid resistance and low formic acid resistence. Natural dyes from wood dyes Artocarpus heterophyllus could be used as colouring matter on goat skin distributed throughout the substance of the fibre goat skin. Their rub fastness was a good (dry and wet. The variation of amounts alum (1%, 2%, 3% and treatment of mordanting (before and during dyeing did not influence on rub fastness (dry and wet.

  4. Biosynthesis of 14C-labelled erucic acid by means of rape plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meisgeier, G.; Eckert, H.; Mueller, H.

    1991-01-01

    For the biosynthetic preparation of 14 C-erucic adid (C 21 H 41 COOH) by means of rape plants cv. sollux the plants were supplied with 14 CO 2 and additionally fed with 14 C-Sodium acetate after anthesis. After saponification of the extracted lipids the erucic acid was isolated and purified. The substance was identified by gas chromatography. The incorporation of the applied radioactive (34 MBq 14 CO 2 ; 37 MBq 14 C-natrium acetate) into the fatty acids amounted to 1,2 per cent. The erucic acid could be isolated from the fatty acids mixture with a specific radioactivity of 1,001 MBq/mmol and a purity of 97,2 per cent. (orig.) [de

  5. Optimasi Formula Tablet Salut Enterik Natrium Diklofenak dengan Bahan Penyalut Kollicoat 30 D

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nanang Yunarto

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Diclofenac sodium is an analgetic and antiinflammation drug and commonly used by oral administration. Because of it’s side effects that can cause stomach irritation, nausea and vomiting, it’s made in the form of enteric-coated. Enteric-coated formulations developed used organic solvent having toxicity and flammability risks. The aim of this study is to develop diclofenac sodium enteric-coated tablets with a water-based coating material. Coating material used is Kollicoat 30 D which is a derivative of acrylic polymer that can dispersed in water. Optimalization of the formula is done by the weight gain 4%, 6% and 8%. The result showed that enteric coated tablets used coating material with weight gain 8% gave the best result with all parameters meet the requirements of the test, there was no change in acid medium for 2 hours and stable released active ingredient

  6. Conidiation of Neurospora crassa induced by treatment with natrium fluoride in submerged culture

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Timberlake, W E; Turian, G

    1975-01-01

    A transient treatment of pregerminated conidia of Neurospora crassa with NaF induced young, submerged cultures to prematurely differentiate conidia. The inductive treatment decreased the rate of respiration (with lower RQ), reduced the relative concentration of nucleoside triphosphates, and inhibited leucine incorporation into protein and adenosine incorporation into RNA.

  7. Controlled swelling and degradation studies of alginate microbeads in dilute natrium-citrate solutions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mitrović Dragana D.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Alginate hydrogels are widely used in biomedicine due to alginate availability, hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Alginate microbeads are particularly attractive for applications in pharmacy and regenerative medicine due to high surface to volume ratio, low mass transfer limitations and simple implantation by injection. Aim of this work was to investigate possibilities for controlled degradation of alginate microbeads in cell culture medium (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with Na-citrate added in small concentrations (0.05 - 0.5 mM. Alginate microbeads (1.5% w/w, 800 m in diameter were produced by electrostatic droplet extrusion and evaluated over a period of 10 days regarding appearance, kinetics and degree of swelling as well as biomechanical properties determined in a novel bioreactor with mechanical stimulation under in vivo-like conditions in articular cartilage (10% strain, 337.5 m/s compression rate. In the citrate concentration range investigated, microbeads initially swelled reaching an equilibrium value (~150-170% with respect to the initial mass, upon which they appeared stable for a certain period of time (1 to over 7 days followed by bead bursting and degradation. This degradation process indicated that Na+ ions from the solution initially replaced Ca2+ ions bound mainly to COO- groups in polymannuronate sequences inducing electrostatic repulsion of polymer chains and, consequently, swelling of the beads. Citrate ions assisted in this process by forming insoluble calcium citrate. Thus, the specific rate of the bead swelling increased with the increase in citrate concentration approaching a maximal value of ~0.34 d-1. In the last phase, the beads burst into pieces, which slowly continued to degrade by replacement of Ca2+ ions bonded to polyguluronate blocks in the egg-box structure. Compression moduli for packed beds of control, freshly produced microbeads, and microbeads swelled at the equilibrium degree after 3 days of staying in 0.2 mM Na-citrate solution were 136.6 ± 2.8 and 30.8 ± 1.3 kPa, respectively. By day 7 in this solution, the beads still appearing structurally intact, further lost their mechanical strength due to continued polymer chain relaxation so that the compression modulus was 20.7 to 22.6 kPa owed almost solely to undegraded polyguluronate parts. Results of these studies are important from a fundamental standpoint for determination of structure and degradation mechanisms of alginate hydrogels but also from a practical point of view for optimization of hydrogel properties and behavior for potential applications in controlled drug release as well as in tissue engineering.

  8. Extraction of uranium with emulsion membrane process use tributylphosphate extractant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Basuki, K.T.; Sudibyo, R.; Bambang EHB; Muhadi, A.W.

    1996-01-01

    To increase the effectiveness of extraction process with so for to occur, it was tried the extraction with a couple of extraction and stripping process. This couple process was called liquid membrane emulsion. As membrane was used mix surfactant (Span-80), tributylphosphate in kerosene, natrium carbonate, while as a feeder was uranium solution with 500 concentration ppm in 0.5 - 3 M nitrate acid. In this experiment the variable investigated were % surfactant (1 - 5 %), rotary speed for membrane making (2,500 - 10.000 rpm). The optimal condition result of experiment were 5 % surfactant, 3 M nitrate acid, rotary speed 10.000 rpm and (Kd eksU ) 57 %, and (Kd strippU ) 87 %, Kd eksU at liquid-liquid extraction is 44 %. (author)

  9. Scintigraphy of infection and inflammation with autologous leukocytes and murine monoclonal antibodies. Entzuendungsszintigraphie mit autologen Leukozyten und murinen monoklonalen Antikoerpern

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Becker, W. (Erlangen-Nuernberg Univ., Erlangen (Germany). Nuklearmedizinische Klinik mit Poliklinik)

    1992-10-01

    Scintigraphy of infection and inflammation with autologous leukocytes (In-111- oxin; Tc-99m-HMPAO) and murine monoclonal antibodies (Tc-99m-anti- NCA-95; BW250/183; I-123-anti-NCA-95; AK-47) has been evaluated in different diseases and revealed comparable results. The use of one of these radiopharmaceuticals is dependant both from the diagnostic accuracy in different diseases and stages of disease and from its ready availability and ease of preparation. Tc-99m- HMPAO should be prefered when autologous leucocytes are labeled, except of differential diagnosis of circumscript inflammatory bowel disease from abdominal abscesses and of chronic osteomyelitis. In these cases In-111-oxin is superior. Immunoscintigraphic techniques are superior regarding the ease of preparation and the unnecessity of handling patients blood. Disadvantageous are the possible human antimouse antibodies, especially regarding the development of human antimouse antibodies. (orig.).

  10. KETAHANAN KOROSI PADUAN Al-Mg 5052 DI DALAM AIR PENDINGIN NETRAL MENGANDUNG KLORIDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dicky Tri Jatmiko

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available KETAHANAN KOROSI PADUAN Al-Mg 5052 DI DALAM AIR PENDINGIN NETRAL MENGANDUNG KLORIDA. Paduan Al-Mg 5052 adalah material yang biasa digunakan untuk kelongsong elemen bakar nuklir karena serapan fluks netronnya rendah dan tahan korosi di dalam air demineralisasi pada kondisi operasi reaktor. Makalah ini difokuskan untuk mengetahui ketahanan korosi paduan Al-Mg 5052 di dalam air dengan pH netral dan mengandung klorida sebagai pengganti air demineralisasi pendingin primer Reaktor Serba Guna GA Siwabessy (RSG-GAS. Penelitian mencakup pengukuran laju korosi menggunakan metode Tafel, prediksi mekanisme korosi menggunakan metode voltametri siklik dan analisa produk korosi dengan metode difraksi sinar X. Percobaan dilakukan dengan variasi temperatur 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, dan 45°C, serta variasi konsentrasi larutan natrium  klorida 0,05 M, 0,25 M, dan 0,5 M. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa paduan Al-Mg 5052 terkorosi dengan kategori “dapat diabaikan” hingga “sedang” dalam larutan natrium klorida menjadi produk yang larut dalam air pada satu tahap reaksi oksidasi irreversible.   CORROSION RESISTANCE OF Al-Mg ALLOY 5052 IN CHLORIDE CONTAINING NEUTRAL COOLING WATER. Al-Mg alloy 5052 is a material used as nuclear fuel element cladding due to its low neutron flux absorption and high corrosion resistance in demineralized water. This research is focused to know of the corrosion resistance of Al-Mg alloy 5052 in chloride containing neutral water used as demineralized primary cooling water substitute in GA Siwabessy Multi Purpose Reactor (RSG-GAS. This research covers the corrosion rate measurement using the Tafel method, corrosion process prediction using cyclic voltammetry method and corrosion product analysis using X-Ray Diffraction method. The experiments are carried out at temperature variation of 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C, as well as sodium chloride concentration of 0.05 M, 0.25 M and 0.5 M. The research results show that Al-Mg alloy 5052

  11. Surfaktan Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS dari Debu Sabut Kelapa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mukti Mulyawan

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Indonesia merupakan negara agraris yang menghasilkan beragam hasil pertanian yang melimpah. Salah satu hasil pertanian yang menonjol di Indonesia adalah kelapa. Produksi buah kelapa di Indonesia rata-rata sebanyak 15,5 miliar butir/tahun atau setara dengan 3,02 juta ton kopra, 3,75 juta ton air, 0,75 juta ton arang tempurung, 1,8 juta ton serat sabut (coir fiber dan 3,3 juta ton debu sabut (coir dust/ cocopeat. Komposisi sabut kelapa terdiri dari 25% gabus dan 75% serat . Tetapi, debu sabut kelapa masih dikembangkan sebatas sebagai media tanam. sisanya akan menjadi limbah dengan kontribusi sangat besar dari pengisi pada volume total sampah domestiK. Banyaknya komoditas kelapa dan potensi limbah sabut yang dihasilkan, membuat pemanfaatan Debu Sabut menjadi bahan yang bernilai ekonomis patut untuk dilakukan. Salah satunya adalah sebagai bahan pembuatan Surfakatan Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS yang selama ini komoditasnya diperoleh seluruhnya dari impor. Adapun tahapan proses pembuatan SLS dari Debu Sabut kelapa adalah mempersiapan Bahan Baku berupa Debu Sabut Kelapa. Dilanjutkan dengan pemasakan/pulping menggunakan metode organosolv dengan alat pemasak digester (R-120. Dari lindi hitam yang dihasilkan, akan diproses dengan Isolasi Lignin dengan metode presipitasi asam. Lindi hitam yang telah didapat diendapkan dengan menambahkan secara perlahan H2SO4dengan konsentrasi 20% sampai pH 2 pada tangki isolasi pertama (M-211.Proses isolasi dengan metode pengasaman banyak digunakan untuk mendapatkan lignin dengan kemurnian tinggi. Untuk Menghasilkan SLS, Lignin Isolat perlu direaksikan dengan bahan penyulfonasi natrium bisulfit (NaHSO3, sehingga menghasilkan natrium lignosulfonat (SLS pada reaktor sulfonasi (R-310. Berlokasi di Provinsi Riau, Pabrik ini akan dibangun dengan kapasistas 20.150 ton/tahun. Dari analisa ekonomi, diperlukan Modal tetap (FCI sebesar Rp 316.323.349.677; Modal kerja (WCI sebesar Rp 74.429.023.453; Investasi total (TCI sebesar Rp 390

  12. Molecular and structural characterisation of the human sodium/iodide symporter (h N.I.S.) C-terminus and the implication of this domain in the transporter regulation; Caracterisation moleculaire et structurale de l'extremite C-Terminale du co-transporteur sodium/iode humain (h N.I.S.): Implication de ce domaine dans la regulation du transporteur

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huc, S

    2007-12-15

    The human natrium iodide symporter (h N.I.S.) is an intrinsic membrane protein expressed in thyroid cells where it allows iodide uptake and accumulation. It is composed of thirteen transmembrane helices and its ninety- three amino acids long cytosolic C-terminus presents many potential post-translational regulatory sites. A first part of the PhD work has been dedicated to the expression in a bacterial system and to the purification of the cytosolic C-terminal fragment. Biochemical and structural characterisation have revealed that this C-terminus is very flexible but prone to dimerization. The fragment has also been used as a bait to test the interactions with PDZ domain proteins spotted on a membrane. Several proteins interacting with the (natrium/iodide symporter) N.I.S. C-terminus have thus been identified and the study of their implication in the protein regulation has been initiated. A second part of the work has underlined the existence of a N.I.S. fragment co-purified with the entire protein. This fragment has been found in cells in culture stably expressing N.I.S. and also in human thyroid extracts and in rodent thyroid cells. We observed that this fragment is spontaneously associated with the entire protein. It is composed of the last 131 amino acid of the protein and so comprises the last transmembrane domain and the C-terminal extremity. The expression of a truncated form of h N.I.S., lacking the last 131 amino acids, shows that this protein is not correctly addressed to the cell membrane and cells expressing this mutated symporter cannot accumulate iodide. However, our results show that the co-expression of the two N.I.S. parts, the truncated form lacking the last 131 amino acid, and the complementary C-terminal fragment, leads to cells presenting 10 % of the activity of cells expressing the whole N.I.S.. (author)

  13. Molecular and structural characterisation of the human sodium/iodide symporter (h N.I.S.) C-terminus and the implication of this domain in the transporter regulation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huc, S.

    2007-12-01

    The human natrium iodide symporter (h N.I.S.) is an intrinsic membrane protein expressed in thyroid cells where it allows iodide uptake and accumulation. It is composed of thirteen transmembrane helices and its ninety- three amino acids long cytosolic C-terminus presents many potential post-translational regulatory sites. A first part of the PhD work has been dedicated to the expression in a bacterial system and to the purification of the cytosolic C-terminal fragment. Biochemical and structural characterisation have revealed that this C-terminus is very flexible but prone to dimerization. The fragment has also been used as a bait to test the interactions with PDZ domain proteins spotted on a membrane. Several proteins interacting with the (natrium/iodide symporter) N.I.S. C-terminus have thus been identified and the study of their implication in the protein regulation has been initiated. A second part of the work has underlined the existence of a N.I.S. fragment co-purified with the entire protein. This fragment has been found in cells in culture stably expressing N.I.S. and also in human thyroid extracts and in rodent thyroid cells. We observed that this fragment is spontaneously associated with the entire protein. It is composed of the last 131 amino acid of the protein and so comprises the last transmembrane domain and the C-terminal extremity. The expression of a truncated form of h N.I.S., lacking the last 131 amino acids, shows that this protein is not correctly addressed to the cell membrane and cells expressing this mutated symporter cannot accumulate iodide. However, our results show that the co-expression of the two N.I.S. parts, the truncated form lacking the last 131 amino acid, and the complementary C-terminal fragment, leads to cells presenting 10 % of the activity of cells expressing the whole N.I.S.. (author)

  14. Penggunaan Eudragit L 100 dalam Formulasi Mikrokapsul Natrium Diklofenak dengan Teknik Emulsifikasi-Penguapan Pelarut

    OpenAIRE

    Rahmadevi, Rahmadevi; Zaini, Erizal; Halim, Auzal

    2013-01-01

    It has been research about formulation diclofenac sodium that used Eudragit L100. To prepare, using emulsification-solvent evaporation technique, diclofenac sodium-Eudragit L100 microparticles with modified drug sustained release properties and span 80 is emulgator. Methode research is microcapsules were prepared by solvent evaporation method with ratio diclofenac sodium-Eudragit L100 (1:1,125;1:1,25;1:1,5;1:1,75) and characterized by micromeritics, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier...

  15. HUBUNGAN ASUPAN SERAT, KOLESTEROL, NATRIUM DAN OLAHRAGA DENGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    magdalena magdalena

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract: Hypercholesterolemia is an excess of cholesterol in the blood, can be factors for heart disease and stroke. The cause of hypertension is heredity, age, sex, obesity (overeating, lack of exercise, stress, excessive salt intake, another effect: smoking, alcohol consumption, taking drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of fiber intake, cholesterol, sodium and exercise with cholesterol and hypertension in the elderly group S. Parman Banjarmasin. Type of research is descriptive analytic research using cross sectional design of the study, which was conducted in a group of elderly Regional Health Center S. Parman Banjarmasin. This research was conducted in January through June 2015 with a sample size of 50 people. The data obtained is the intake of cholesterol, sodium, exercise and cholesterol and hypertension. The statistical test used is Chi Square test (p

  16. Biophysical parameters of erythrocyte membranes and mechanisms of interaction with non-opioid analgesics under acute pain syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu. I. Gubskyi

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Methods of fluorescent probing, spectrophotometry and microcalorimetry were applied to investigate the alterations in biophysical parameters of erythrocytes membranes, and specifically microviscosity, surface charge, molecular organization of lipid bilayer and lipid-protein interactions under conditions of acute pain syndrome produced by experimental chemical lesion. The distinctive features of non-opiod analgesics interactions and binding to the erythrocytes membranes of rats subjected to acute nociceptive pain accompanied with oxidative stress development were investigated. The abilities of analgesics under research, and namely paracetamol, aspirin, phenazone, ketorolac, pyrodazole, ketoprofenum, natrium mefenaminate, indometacin, nimesulide to make up physico-chemical complexes with lipoperoxidation modified erythrocytes surface and protein-lipid bilayer showed marked changes. The significance of oxidative damage of biophase under conditions of acute pain syndrome for analgesics effective pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics realization is under consideration.

  17. Inter renewal travelling wave reactor with rotary fuel columns

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Terai, Yuzo

    2016-01-01

    To realize the COP21 decision, this paper proposes Inter Renewal Travelling Wave Reactor that bear high burn-up rate 50% and product TRU fuel efficiently. The reactor is based on 4S Fast Reactor and has Reactor Fuel Columns as fuel assemblies that equalize temperature in the fuel assembly so that fewer structure is need to restrain thermal transformation. To equalize burn-up rate of all fuel assemblies in the reactor, each rotary fuel column has each motor-lifter. The rotary fuel column has two types (Cylinder type and Heat Pipe type using natrium at 15 kPa which supply high temperature energy for Ultra Super Critical power plant). At 4 years cycle all rotary fuel columns of the reactor are renewed by the metallurgy method (vacuum re-smelting) and TRU fuel is gotten from the water fuel. (author)

  18. ETIOPATHOGENETIC TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA AND ARVI IN CHILDREN: A NEW LOOK AT THE OLD PROBLEM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. V. Shamsheva

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available A new value was acquired by the drug Orvirem®, which is a combination of rimantadine and natrium alginate. In recent years, it has not been recommended for use due to the resistance to it strains of the influenza A(H1N1 virus pdm2009. Currently, this drug has acquired a new meaning, and this is due to the dominance of subtype A(H3N2. Two recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the drug Orvirem® has proven activity against viruses not only of influenza A but also B, coronavirus, and other common pathogens of respiratory viral infections (rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc.. High efficacy, safety and absence of adverse reactions make it possible to widely use Orvirem® in children from the first year of life, incl. with chronic diseases.  

  19. OPTIMIZATION OF COMPLEX MINERAL TANNING MATERIAL ON THE BASIS OF ALUMINIUM AND ZIRCONIUM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Toguzbaev

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Influence of acetate ion on stability of alumina-zirconium tanning to alkalization has been investigated in the paper. The investigation results have shown that at the ratio of Al3+:Zr4+:CH3COO = 1:1:1 it  is  possible  to  prepare  a  solution  of  masking   alumina-zirconium  tanning  (АЦД-М   with  high stability and low consumption of aluminum sulfate. The paper reveals that masking of alumina-zirconium tanning by natrium acetate allows to increase stability to alkalization and improve tanning properties. It has been established that for a stable increase of fatty matter viscosity and improvement of  leather water-resistant properties it is necessary to use water-insoluble aluminum and zirconium soaps of carboxylic acids.

  20. Naturally occurring methyl salicylate glycosides.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mao, Ping; Liu, Zizhen; Xie, Meng; Jiang, Rui; Liu, Weirui; Wang, Xiaohong; Meng, Shen; She, Gaimei

    2014-01-01

    As an important part of non steroids anti-inflammation drug (NSAIDs), salicylate has developed from natural substance salicylic acid to natrium salicylicum, to aspirin. Now, methyl salicylate glycoside, a new derivative of salicylic acid, is modified with a -COOH group integrated one methyl radical into formic ether, and a -OH linked with a monosaccharide, a disaccharide or a trisaccharide unit by glycosidic linkage. It has the similar pharmacological activities, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antithrombotic as the previous salicylates' without resulting in serious side effects, particularly the gastrointestinal toxicity. Owing to the superiority of those significant bioactivities, methyl salicylate glycosides have became a hot research area in NSAIDs for several years. This paper compiles all 9 naturally occurring methyl salicylate glycosides, their distribution of the resource and pharmacological mechanism, which could contribute to the new drug discovery.

  1. Penetapan Kadar Kalsium, Kalium, Dan Natrium Pada Kangkung (Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk.) Secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom

    OpenAIRE

    Hasibuan, Anggita Vela

    2016-01-01

    Kangkung is one of the vegetables that are quite popular in public and this plant include in the tribe of convolvulaceae. This plant contains many important elements that needed by the body, that are carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, and mineral such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, and sodium. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of calcium, potassium, and sodium in land kangkung and water kangkung. Methods of research conducted by dried destruction to the...

  2. Penambahan Natrium Bikarbonat 8,4% pada Lidokain 2% untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Saat Infiltrasi Anestetik Lokal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doni Arief Rahmansyah

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Local anesthetic infiltration in the area of epidural injections using lidocaine can cause pain. This research was done in June–July 2013, in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, to determine the effectiveness of adding 8.4% sodium bicarbonate to lidocaine HCl 2 % with 1:10 ratio. This was a double-blind randomized control study involving 44 patients undergoing surgery with epidural techniques. Subjects were divided into two groups, the experimental group ( LB was given 2% lidocaine HCl with sodium bicarbonate 8.4% 1:10 ratio as a local anestetich while the control group (L was given lidocaine 2%. Numeric rating scale (NRS was assessed during infiltration. Data was analyzed using chi-squere test, t-test and Mann-Whitney Test , with 95% confidence level and 94% strength tes and considered significant if p0.05. In conclusion, alkalinization of 2% lidocaine HCl by addition of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with 1:10 ratio has an effect in reducing NRS.

  3. Diagnosis and therapy of dysfunctions of human leukocytes after irradiation. Final report; Diagnose und Therapie von Funktionsstoerungen menschlicher Leukozyten nach Bestrahlung. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Beuningen, D. van; Kaffenberger, W. [Sanitaetsakademie der Bundeswehr, Muenchen (Germany); Baaske, C.; Leipert, D.

    1999-08-01

    Experiments were performed with isolated human PMN and with the promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, induced to differentiate along the granulocytic lineage with dimethyl sulfoxid. The respiratory burst reaction was triggered with soluble stimuli (chemotactic agent: formylated tripeptide, f-MLP, immune complexes, or phorbol ester) and measured flow cytometrically or as chemiluminescence signals with indicator molecules dihydrorhodamine 123 or luminol, respectively. The presence of enzymes was postulated, verified with Western blotting, and their activities were inhibited pharmacologically, lipid 2{sup nd}-messengers (diacylglycerol) were measured by HPLC. Our results identify protein kinase (PK) C activity as the central element of signal transduction cascades involved in the activation of the NADPH oxidase. In addition, several phospholipases ({beta}, {gamma}), protein tyrosine- as well as protein serine/threonine kinases and DAG kinases in combination with phosphatidate phosphohydrolase contribute to intracellular signal transduction processes. For the first time, besides PKC activity new cytoplasmic/membrane-bound elements of signal transduction processes (DAG concentration and DAG kinase activity, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity), and the FC{gamma} receptor-mediated respiratory burst of PMN were identified as radiosensitive ''targets'' for doses < 5 Gy. Theses results provide a basis for causally-oriented therapeutic approaches and could help to explain immunodeficiencies observed after exposure to ionizing radiation. (orig./MG) [German] Die intrazellulaeren Signaluebertragungsprozesse zur Aktivierung der NADPH-Oxidase sind Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung an bestrahlten PMN des Menschen und an einem PMN-Modell: HL-60 Promyelozyten, die mit Dimethylsulfoxid zur Differenzierung zu Neutrophilen-aehnlichen induziert wurden. Behandlung der Zellen mit loeslichen Rezeptor-abhaengigen oder -unabhaengigen Stimuli (Chemotaxin und Immunkomplexe bzw. Phorbolester) aktiviert die NADPH-Oxidase auf parallel verlaufenden Signaltransduktionskaskaden, die in einer Aktivierung von Proteinkinase C-Isoenzymen zusammenlaufen. Einzelne Enzyme der Kaskaden wurden mittels pharmakologischer Inhibitoren in Verbindung mit dem 'Western'-Verfahren identifiziert, Lipid-'2{sup nd}-messenger' durch HPLC-Analyse. Die Daten weisen auf ein aeusserst komplexes System mit Quervernetzungen, Rueckkopplungen und Parallelschaltungen bei der Aktivierung der NADPH-Oxidase hin. Sie identifizieren erstmals mehrere zytoplasmatische/membranstaendige Elemente von Signaltransduktionskaskaden als strahlenempfindlich, die eine moegliche Basis fuer kausal-orientierte Therapieansaetze und eine Erklaerung fuer Immundefekte nach Bestrahlung bieten. (orig.)

  4. PERILAKU GIZI IBU, POLA ASUH MAKAN, KONTRIBUSI SNACK, DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siti Habibah Wardah

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACTThe aimed of this study were to analyze mother’s nutritional behavior, parenting eating pattern, snack contribution and their correlations toward preschool children’s nutritional status. The design of this study was a cross-sectional in Labschool IPB-ISFA, involved 20 subjects of preschool children. The result of this study showed that 45% of mothers had moderate nutritional knowledge. Most of mother’s nutritional attitude and practice were categorized as good (35% and poor (35%. Snack had the highest contribution to protein adequacy (58.6%. The contribution of snack to energy, fat, carbohydrate, and natrium adequacy were 41.8%, 44.2%, 45.5%, and 53.6% respectively. Most of subjects had normal nutritional status (80%. Mother’s nutritional knowledge and mother’s nutritional attitude was having significant correlation (p<0.05. Mother’s nutritional practices had significant correlation with eating parenting pattern. There were a significant correlations between carbohydrate and protein from snack with nutritional status (p<0.05, whereas energy and fat from snack had no correlation with nutritional status (p>0.05.Keywords: nutritional behavior, parenting pattern, snackABSTRAKTujuan umum penelitian adalah menganalisis perilaku gizi ibu, pola asuh makan, dan kontribusi snack serta hubungannya dengan status gizi anak usia prasekolah. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional study dengan 20 subjek anak usia prasekolah di Labschool Pendidikan Karakter IPB-ISFA. Sebagian besar pengetahuan gizi ibu masuk kategori sedang (45,0%. Sikap dan praktik gizi ibu subjek paling banyak termasuk dalam kategori baik (35,0% dan kurang (35,0%. Kontribusi energi dari snack terhadap tingkat kecukupan adalah 41,8%, lemak 44,2%, karbohidrat 45,5%, dan natrium sebesar 53,6%. Kontribusi konsumsi snack terhadap kecukupan protein paling besar yaitu sebesar 58,6%. Sebanyak 80,0% subjek memiliki status gizi normal. Perilaku gizi ibu yang mempunyai hubungan

  5. Detection and localisation of leaks in steam generators

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Westenbrugge, J.K. van; Visbach, D M [B.V. NERATOM, The Hague (Netherlands)

    1978-10-01

    Steam generator experience in Netherlands is concentrated in NERATOM, the company that takes part n the construction of LMFBRs: SNR-300 in Kalkar in the framework of the international company INB (Internationale Natrium Brutreaktor Bau) together with the German company INTERATOM and the Belgian company BelgoNucleaire. Experience consists of designing constructing and testing of prototypes of the SNR-300 plant components, constructing and licensing of the components for SNR-300 proper and in conceptual design of components for larger power plants. Supporting research and testing of the prototypes is carried out by the organization for Industrial Research TNO. The two types studied are the straight tube type and the helical tube type steam generator. Descriptions of both types were published earlier. It should be pointed out here that the construction material is the ferritic 2% Cr 1 Mo 1NiNb-steel (DIN Wnr. 1.6770)

  6. The influence of Methanol and Acetonitrile in the Borate-Gluconate eluent the separation of Nitrate, Phosphate and Sulfate Anions by IC A column

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Djokowidodo; Bambang-Edi HB; Budi-Setiawan

    1996-01-01

    The modified of Borate-Gluconate solution has been used for the separation of nitrate, phosphate, sulfate anions with methanol and acetonitrile additions. The addition of acetonitrile increased the resolution of nitrate-phosphate, meanwhile the resolution of phosphate-sulfate decreased. The addition of methanol increased the resolutions of nitrate-phosphate, and phosphate-sulfate. The best separation of nitrate, phosphate and sulfate anions with IC. A column were done at the mixture of eluent Natrium Borate Gluconate:Butanol:Acetonitril:water = 1: 1: 10: 38. The best resolution of nitrate-phosphate was 2.4 with the eluent mixture at the ratio of 1 part of borate-gluconate, 1 part of butanol, and 10 part of acetonitrile, and the best resolution of the phosphate-sulfate, was done by the eluent mixture at the with of 1 part of borate-gluconate, 1 part of butanol, and 10 parts of methanol

  7. Pengaruh Penambahan Natrium Metabisulfit dan Suhu Pemasakan dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Vakum terhadap Kualitas Gula Merah Tebu

    OpenAIRE

    Maya Maharani, Dewi; Yulianingsih, Rini; Rosalia Dewi, Shinta; Sugiarto, Yusron; Wahyu Indriani, Dina

    2015-01-01

    Brown sugar as sucrose is derived from evaporated sugar cane molasses. Evaporation is the foodstuffs’ process which is commonly used during the manufacture of sugar cane. This process evaporates the sugar cane molasses to produce concentrate. This research was aimed to assess the influence of sodium metabisulphite against physical and chemical properties of sugar cane using vacuum evaporator. In other hand, this reserach examined the influence of temperature on vacuum evaporator for chemical ...

  8. Pengaruh Penambahan Natrium Metabisulfit dan Suhu Pemasakan dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Vakum terhadap Kualitas Gula Merah Tebu

    OpenAIRE

    Maya Maharani, Dewi; Yulianingsih, Rini; Rosalia Dewi, Shinta; Sugiarto, Yusron; Wahyu Indriani, Dina

    2014-01-01

    Brown sugar as sucrose is derived from evaporated sugar cane molasses. Evaporation is the foodstuffs' process which is commonly used during the manufacture of sugar cane. This process evaporates the sugar cane molasses to produce concentrate. This research was aimed to assess the influence of sodium metabisulphite against physical and chemical properties of sugar cane using vacuum evaporator. In other hand, this reserach examined the influence of temperature on vacuum evaporator for chemical ...

  9. Osteoporose bei Mb. Bechterew - neue Ansätze

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Obermayer-Pietsch B

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Eine axiale Osteoporose und daraus resultierende vertebrale Kompressionsfrakturen sind häufige Symptome eines Mb. Bechterew (MbB, Spondylarthritis ankylosans. Als ein möglicher genetischer Faktor der Osteoporose wurde eine Assoziation der Knochendichte (BMD mit BsmI- und FokI-Polymorphismen im Vitamin D-Rezeptor-(VDR-Gen publiziert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Beziehungen zwischen diesen Polymorphismen, Knochenstoffwechsel, BMD und Aktivitätsindizes bei Patienten mit MbB untersucht. Bei 47 MbB-Patienten wurden Aktivitätsindizes und morphologische Parameter sowie BMD-Messungen (Dual-Röntgen-Absorptiometrie an Wirbelsäule und Schenkelhals im Vergleich zu 52 gesunden, altersgleichen Personen erhoben. Die Laborbestimmungen umfaßten biochemische Aktivitätsparameter, HLA-Typisierung sowie Knochenan- und -abbaumarker. Aus peripheren Leukozyten wurde genomische DNA präpariert und mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR und anschließender FokI- und BsmI-Restriktion der VDR-Genotyp nach vorhandenen bzw. fehlenden Schnittstellen (f/b bzw. F/B bestimmt. Bei MbB-Patienten fand sich eine Osteoporose deutlich häufiger als in der Kontrollgruppe. Eine Zuordnung von Aktivitätsindizes, BMD und Knochenstoffwechselparametern zu den Genotypen zeigte bei männlichen MbB-Patienten sowohl eine Assoziation der WS-Knochendichte als auch der Entzündungsmarker mit FokI-, nicht jedoch mit BsmI-Genotypen des VDR. Die pathophysiologischen Mechanismen dieser Assoziation, insbesondere mit der entzündlichen Aktivität des Mb. Bechterew, sind noch ungeklärt. Eine frühzeitige Erfassung des Osteoporoserisikos bei MbB-Patienten mittels molekularbiologischer Tests könnte eine rechtzeitige Prophylaxe und Therapie dieser Komplikation ermöglichen.

  10. PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN HIBRIDA KITOSAN-SILIKA- PEG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F Widhi Mahatmanti

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Membran kitosan mempunyai efektivitas pemisahan relatif tinggi tetapi kestabilan mekanik rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kestabilan perlu ditambahkan silika sehingga dihasilkan membran kitosan-silika. Sebagai bahan dasar silika digunakan natrium silikat yang diisolasi dari abu sekam padi. Dalam pembuatan membran kitosan-silika, plasticizer (polietilen glikol/PEG digunakan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan mekanik membran secara signifikan. Pembuatan membran kitosan-silika-PEG dilakukan dengan cara penguapan larutan dan pencetakan. Membran kitosan-silika-PEG dikarakterisasi sifat mekaniknya dengan menguji kekuatan tarik, persen perpanjangan dan Modulus Young, perubahan gugus fungsi, morfologi, sifat kristalinitas, kestabilan terhadap suhu, sifat hidrofilisitas, dan uji terhadap fluks air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran kitosan-silika dengan komposisi kitosan/silika 1:0,8 mempunyai harga kuat tarik optimum. Penambahan PEG akan meningkatkan harga persen perpanjangan, tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan pada hasil uji FTIR dan XRD, tetapi meningkatkan sifat hidrofil seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi PEG dan pH. Nilai Fluks air menurun dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi PEG, dimungkinkan PEG terjebak secara fisik dalam padatan komposit.

  11. Island solution; Inselloesung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bah, Isaac

    2013-06-15

    On the Azores island Graciosa the Berlin-based company Younicos has installed a new electricity system with advanced storage technology, which will make the islanders independent from fossil fuels. With an energy mix of wind power, photovoltaics and biomass the dependence on fossil fuels should be terminated. In the center of the flagship project specifically developed hybrid batteries are used (combination of sodium-sulfur- and lithium-ion batteries) with 2.7 MW of power and a storage capacity of ten megawatts hours. [German] Auf der Azoren-Insel Graciosa installiert das Berliner Unternehmen Younicos ein neues Stromsystem mit modernster Speichertechnologie, das die Bewohner unabhaengig von fossilen Energietraegern machen soll. Mit einem Energiemix aus Windkraft, Photovoltaik und Biomasse soll die Abhaengigkeit von fossilen Brennstoffen beendet werden. Im Zentrum des Vorzeigeprojekts stehen speziell fuer den Inseleinsatz entwickelte Hybridbatterien (Kombination aus Natrium-Schwefel- und Lithium-Ionen-Akkus) mit 2,7 Megawatt Leistung und eine Speicherkapazitaet von zehn Megawattestunden.

  12. Radiosensitization effect of CMNa on hypoxic pancreatic cancer cell in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yin Lijie; Zhang Li; Ding Tiangui; Peng Zhaoxiang; Yu Huan; Gao Yuwei

    2006-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the effects of glycodidazolum natrium (CMNa) on pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic condition. Methods: The human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells were exposed to a single fraction of high-dose γ-ray radiation either with CMNa or under hypoxic condition. The percentage of dead cells was detected with a multiwell plated reader, and fluorescence intensities of propidium iodide were measured before and after digitonin treatment. The sensitizing effect of CMNa on cell killing induced by high-dose irradiation was evaluated by time and concentration dependence. The selective radiosensitive effect of CMNa on hypoxia was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: The death rate of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells paralleled with the increasing concentration of CMNa under hypoxic condition after 30 gray irradiation. The selective radiosensitive effect of CMNa on hypoxia was time-dependent. Conclusions: CMNa can enhance the radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer Pane-1 cells under hypoxic condition with high-dose irradiation. (authors)

  13. Bio-prospective of Polyscias fruticosa leaf extract as redactor and stabilizer of gold nanoparticles formation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yulizar, Y.; Ayun, Q.

    2017-03-01

    Metal nanoparticle is a great interest to researches due to its applications toward catalysis, sensors, and drug delivery. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Polycias fruticosa (PFE) is reported in this article. PFE plays a role as reductor and stabilizer of AuNPs. The formation of PFE-AuNPs under radiation of natrium lamp for 15 min was monitored by UV - Vis spectrophotometer. The growth process and stability of PFE-AuNPs was observed from the colour and absorbance change in the wavelength range of 529-533 nm. The optimum synthesis condition of PFE-AuNPs was obtained at 0.06% (w/v) of PFE concentration. Size and its distribution of PFE-AuNPs were identified by particle size analyzer (PSA) as 35.02 nm and stable up until 21 days. The stable PFE-AuNPs was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to identify the functional group in phenolic compound of PFE interact with AuNps.

  14. [Genetic aspects in congenital hypothyrodism].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perone, Denise; Teixeira, Silvânia S; Clara, Sueli A; Santos, Daniela C dos; Nogueira, Célia R

    2004-02-01

    Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) affects between 1:3,000 and 1:4,000 newborns. Many genes are essential for normal development of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and hormone production, and are associated with CH. About 85% of primary hypothyroidism is called thyroid digenesis and evidence suggests that mutations in transcription factors (TTF2, TTF1, and PAX-8) and TSH receptor gene could be responsible for the disease. Genetic defects of hormone synthesis could be caused by mutations in the following genes: NIS (natrium-iodide symporter), pendrine, thyreoglobulin (TG), peroxidase (TPO). Recently, mutations in the THOX-2 gene have also been related to organification defects. Central hypothyroidism affects about 1:20,000 newborns and has been associated with mutations in pituitary transcriptional factors (POUIF1, PROP1, LHX3, and HESX1). The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone is rare, implies a hypothyroidism state for some tissues and is frequently associated with dominant autosomal mutations in the beta-receptor (TRss).

  15. Electric energy storage systems in a market-based economy. Comparison of emerging and traditional technologies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kazempour, S. Jalal; Moghaddam, M. Parsa; Haghifam, M.R.; Yousefi, G.R.

    2009-01-01

    Unlike markets for storable commodities, electricity markets depend on the real-time balance of supply and demand. Although much of the present-day grid operate effectively without storage technologies, cost-effective ways of storing electrical energy can make the grid more efficient and reliable. This work addresses an economic comparison between emerging and traditional Electric Energy Storage (EES) technologies in a competitive electricity market. In order to achieve this goal, an appropriate Self-Scheduling (SS) approach must first be developed for each of them to determine their maximum potential of expected profit among multi-markets such as energy and ancillary service markets. Then, these technologies are economically analyzed using Internal Rate of Return (IRR) index. Finally, the amounts of needed financial supports are determined for choosing the emerging technologies when an investor would like to invest on EES technologies. Among available EES technologies, we consider NaS battery (Natrium Sulfur battery) and pumped-storage plants as emerging and traditional technologies, respectively. (author)

  16. Development for LMR coolant technology - Development of a submersible-in-pool electromagnetic pump

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hong, Sang Hee; Kim, Hee Reyoung; Lee, Sang Don; Seo, Chun Ho [Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Su Won [Kyungki University, Suwon (Korea, Republic of)

    1995-08-01

    The conceptual and detailed designs of an annular linear induction electromagnetic pump of small scale submersible-in-pool type are performed for the purpose of domestic development of the pumps used for the high-temperature natrium coolant transportation in liquid metal reactors. The pump drawings for and input power of 1,100 VA, an input frequency of 17 Hz, a maximum flowrate of 60 l/min and a maximum operation temperature of 600 deg C are obtained from the optimum design analyses by solving MHD and equivalent circuit equations. The characteristics of pump materials in the high temperature and neutron irradiation environment are reflected in designing the pump, and theoretical analyses for improving the pump performance and efficiency are tried through calculations of magnetic flux and temperature distributions inside the pump. The present project contributes to the further design of engineering proto-type electromagnetic pump with higher capacity and the development of liquid metal reactor with innovative simplicity. 44 refs., 4 tabs., 33 figs. (author)

  17. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Parsial Kolagen dari Teripang Gamma (Stichopus variegatus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusro Nuri Fawzya

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial kolagen dari teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus telah dilakukan. Isolasi dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu preparasi, ekstraksi dan isolasi. Tahap preparasi meliputi tahapan penyiangan, pencucian dan perendaman dalam akuades, dalam alkohol, dalam larutan Tris-HCl dan etilenadiaminatetraasetat  (EDTA dan perendaman dalam larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan perendaman asam asetat 0,5M. Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara pengendapan menggunakan NaCl dilanjutkan proses dialisis. Isolat kolagen teripang gamma yang diperoleh memiliki rendemen sebesar 16,40% (bobot kering, nilai pH 6,08 dan derajat putih 77,02%. Gugus fungsi kolagen terdiri dari amida A (3412 cm-1, B (2929 cm-1, I (1654 cm-1, II (1554 cm-1, dan III (1239 cm-1. Asam amino utama penyusun kolagen yaitu glisin, prolin, dan alanin, masing-masing sebesar 16,88%; 6,71%; dan 6,42%. Kolagen yang dihasilkan merupakan kolagen tipe I, diduga terdiri dari 3 rantai a1 yang homolog dengan berat molekul 130,33 kDa.

  18. Activated charcoal-alum-zeolite improve the water quality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saryati; Sutisna; Sumarjo; ZL, Wildan; Wahyuningsih; Suprapti, Siti

    2002-01-01

    The composite of charcoal-tawas-zeolite has been studied to improve a drinking water quality. This study was doing to find the optimum composition in preparation of a simple technology og bath and small volume drinking treatment this treatment consist of coagulation, floculation, precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption. The improvement of water quality has been observed from a turbidity, a permanganate number and a quality of Cu, Cd, Pb, Al ions and coli bactery containing in the water after processing. It has been concluded that the composite materials has an ability to decrease the turbidity more than its components. The starch addition in the composite can be accelerate water clarity process. By this composite the turbidity, the permanganate number and the coli bacteria in the water can be decreased significantly. The optimum composite composition is 1000 mg activated charcoal, 1000 mg zeolite, 60 mg tawas, 40 mg natrium bicarbonate and 50 mg starch with grains size less than 80 mesh

  19. Pelindian Logam Tanah Jarang dari Terak Timah dengan Asam Klorida setelah Proses Fusi Alkali

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kurnia Trinopiawan

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Tin slag, a waste product from tin smelting process, has a potency to be utilized further by extracting the valuable metals inside, such as rare earth elements(REE. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum leaching condition of REE from tin slag after alkali fusion. Silica structure in slag is causing the direct leaching uneffective. Therefore, pre-treatment step using alkali fusion is required to break the structure of silica and to increase the porosity of slag. Fusion is conducted in 2 hours at 700 oC, with ratio of natrium hidroxide (NaOH : slag = 2 : 1. Later, frit which is leached by water then leached by chloride acid to dissolve REE. As much as 87,5% of REE is dissolved at 2 M on chloride acid (HCl concentration, in 40o C temperature, -325 mesh particle size, 15g/100ml of S/L, 150 rpm of agitation speed, and 5 minutes of leaching time

  20. Rare earth elements leaching from Tin slag using Acid Chloride after Alkaline fusion process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurnia Trinopiawan; Budi Yuli Ani; June Mellawati; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok

    2016-01-01

    Tin slag, a waste product from tin smelting process, has a potency to be utilized further by extracting the valuable metals inside, such as rare earth elements(REE). The objective of this study is to determine the optimum leaching condition of REE from tin slag after alkali fusion. Silica structure in slag is causing the direct leaching uneffectively. Therefore, pre-treatment step using alkali fusion is required to break the structure of silica and to increase the porosity of slag. Fusion is conducted in 2 hours at 700°C, with ratio of natrium hydroxide (NaOH) : slag = 2 : 1. Later, frit which is leached by water then leached by chloride acid to dissolve REE. As much as 87,5% of REE is dissolved at 2 M on chloride acid (HCl) concentration, in 40°C temperature, -325 mesh particle size, 15 g/100 ml of S/L, 150 rpm of agitation speed, and 5 minutes of leaching time. (author)

  1. FERMENTED SOYBEAN CAKE AND ALBUMIN FORMULA AS NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PREVENTS PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION AND AKI IN STROKE PATIENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nanny Djaya

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Stroke is the leading cause of death in every hospital in Indonesia. The death rate of newly formed or recurrent stroke is estimated around 750.000 case every year nation wide, 200.000 of which are recurrent stroke. Stroke patients have higher risk to develop another stroke attack. In 5 years time, the recurrence of stroke attack is estimated around 30–43%. In many cases, elderly stroke patients who were admitted to the hospital with recurrent stroke attack also suffer from anorexia which leads to hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and impaired renal function marked by a rise in ureum level with or without elevation in blood creatinin levels. This study uses pre and post nutrition intervention method. Hospital’s fermented soybean cake and albumin blend formula was given through nasogastric tube. The amount of calorie was adjusted according to basal needs x 1,3 and consisted of carbohydrate, protein 1 gram/kg BB (albumin : fermented soybean cake=3:1 and 25% fat. This formula was given to 11 stroke patients who had been admitted to Atma Jaya Hospital for at least 10 days and met the inclusion & exclusion criteria, such as did not receive parenteral blood and albumin transfusion without history of renal failure. All the patients’ intake and fluid balance were monitored. The average albumin level of these patients was ±3,1 mg/dL(pre intervention. After receiving nutrition (NGT and fluid (parenteral nutrition intervention, the result is as follows: There was an average of±5 mg increase in Natrium level during day 3–5 of hospital stay. There was an average of±0,3 mg increase in Kalium level during day 2–3 of hospital stay. There was an average of ±15 mg reduction of Ureum level during day 5–7 of hospital stay When there was inadequate calorie intake, protein from muscle might be broken down marked by a rise in blood ureum level with or without an increase in creatinin level. In this condition, electrolyte level, such as

  2. [Detection of metals and metalloids in the lavage fluid of whole-lung lavage of the cases of pneumoconiosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wen, K; Ding, C G; Chen, G; Ma, G X; Wang, H Q

    2017-11-20

    Objective: To detect of the components and concentration of the metals and metalloids in the lavage fluid of whole-lung lavage (WLL) of the cases of pneumoconiosis, and analyze the characteristics, and explore the method to sample and process the samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) . Methods: The samples of urine and serum of three cases of pneumoconiosis were collected before WLL, and the samples of BAL were collected during the WLL from the left and right lungs according to the sequence of four pressured gas flow and five negative pressure drainage. Each of 10ml original samples of WLL was collected firstly, and the left was centrifuged to acquire all the sediment samples and each of 10 ml samples from the centrifuge clear liquids, The components and concentration of the metals and metalloids in the samples were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) . Results: The average volume of BAL from unilat-eral lung for 3 patients was 10 758.3±1518 ml, and the average recovery rate was 89.7%. The average dry weight of sediment samples of BAL of three cases of pneumoconiosis was 0.292 gram with the right lung sam-ples slightly higher than the left lung samples. The detectable elements from the samples included Barium (Ba) , Strontium (Sr) , Calcium (Ca) , Magnesium (Mg) , Manganum (Mn) , Ferrum (Fe) , Cuprum (Cu) , Zinc (Zn) , Kalium (K) , Natrium (Na) , Selenium (Se) , Silicon (Si) and Uranium (U) . Each of concentration dis-tributions of these elements were not normal. Except for Cuprum, Selenium and Uranium, the concentrations of the other ten elements in the supernatant samples, mixture samples and sediments samples were statistical-ly different with the nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. The concentrations of Natrium, Kalium and Barium in supernatant samples were higher, while the others in precipitation samples were higher. The concentration of elements in the sample from the right lung was slightly higher than that from the

  3. Cleaning of road accessories with powdered sodium bicarbonate; Jutansan natrium ryu wo mochiita doro fuzokubutsu no senjo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yamashita, H.; Amagori, Y.; Mori, E. [Japan Highway Public Corporation, Tokyo (Japan)

    1998-06-25

    A method for cleaning highway accessories with powdered sodium bicarbonate is developed, to replace mechanical cleaning by a multi-purpose vehicle or manual cleaning, and thereby to reduce road maintenance cost. It pneumatically blows sodium bicarbonate particles by a blaster connected to a water tank and compressor onto a variety of stains to remove them. The cleaning system is applicable to a variety of purposes, allowing dry and wet cleaning modes to be easily switched from each other. Sodium bicarbonate, being naturally occurring, is harmless, and its type can be freely chosen. This method was applied in FY1996 mainly to cleaning interior plates in highways, to collect the basic data. Its cleaning effectiveness has been confirmed by applying it to the internal plates, which are difficult to clean by a multi-purpose vehicle, and illuminators in tunnels, whose cleaning areas are narrow. It recovers reflectivity of plates to 85% of the initial level at the highest, and shows 3 times higher efficiency for heavily stained plates. The test was continued in FY1997. It shows an approximately 5 times higher cleaning capacity than the conventional method, greatly reducing cleaning time, especially for illuminators in tunnels. 7 figs., 5 tabs.

  4. Nutritive value and chemical composition of prickly pear seeds (Opuntia ficus indica L.) growing in Turkey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y

    2011-08-01

    The proximate composition and physico-chemical properties (moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, ash, and crude fiber, peroxide value, saponification value, acidity, relative density and refractive index) of prickly pear seed and corresponding oil were determined. The mineral contents (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Mn and Zn) of samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Minerals determined were: calcium 471.2 mg/kg, potassium 532.7 mg/kg, magnesium 117.3 mg/kg, phosphorus 1,627.5 mg/kg and natrium 71.3 mg/kg. The fatty acid profiles of seed oil from the Opuntia ficus indica were analyzed by gas chromatography. Linoleic acid was established as the major fatty acid (61.01%), followed by oleic (25.52%) and palmitic (12.23%) acids. Both myristic, stearic and arachidonic acids were detected in O. ficus indica seed oil in low amounts. As a result, O. ficus indica seeds are an important source of natural fiber and, given its high linoleic acid content, its oil can be used as a nutraceutic agent.

  5. Acid base status in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis fed rice straw and concentrate with addition of sodium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G Joseph

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available An experiment was conducted to study the addition of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 on acid-base status in swamp buffaloes, Three fistulated buffaloes were each introduced to dietary treatment control diett (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate, control + \\0% NaHCO3 and diet control + 10% Na2CO3 in two times Latin Square Design. The diets contained 9,7% crude protein and 53% TDN to achieve maintenance requirements of the animals. Parameters measured include (l Fed consumption, water consumption and urine volume. (2 pH in rumen fluid, saliva, bLood and urine, (3 natrium mineral content in rumen fluid, saliva, blood and urine. The results of the experiment showed higher pH in the rumen fluid, saliva, blood and urine of buffaloes due to supplementation of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, Water consumption and urine volume was significanly increased as the effect of Na supplement. The acid-base status of buffaloes was apparently normal in all animals.

  6. Effect of Fast Neutron to MA/PU Burning/Transmutation Characteristic Using a Fast Reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marsodi; Lasman, As Natio; Kimamoto, A.; Marsongkohadi; Zaki, S.

    2003-01-01

    MA/Pu burning/transmutation has been studied and evaluated using fast neutrons. Generally, neutron density at this fast burner reactor and transmutation has spectrum energy level around 0.2 MeV with wide enough variation, i.e. from low neutron spectrum to its peak is 0.2 MeV. This neutron spectrum energy level depends on the kind of cooler material or fuel used. Neutron spectrum higher than fast power reactor neutron spectrum is found by means of changing oxide fuel by metallic fuel and changing natrium cooler material by metallic or gas cooler material. This evaluation is conducted by various variations in accordance with the kind of fuel or cooler, MA/Pu fractions and fuel comparison fraction with respect to its cooler in order to get better neutron usage and MA/Pu burning speed. Reactor calculation evaluation in this paper was conducted with 26-group nuclear data cross section energy spectrum. The main purpose of the discussion is to know the effect of fast neutrons to burning/transmutation MA/Pu using fast neutrons

  7. Surface modification of orthodontic implants by nanocomposite coatings based on chitosan and metals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suetenkov D.Ye.

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: to study the properties of nanostructured coatings in orthodontic implants. Material and methods. Low and average molecular mass chitosan, 3-amynopropil-3-methoxysylan and suspensions of 5 nm and 10 nm gold nano-spheres stabilized with natrium citrate were used for nanocomposed surfaces. 2mg/ml polyethylenamin water solution was used for making the underlayer before putting polyion coverage using «POLYION-1M». The polyion covering dynamics was studied by polyquartz weighing method. Morphology of created layers was studied with atomic microscopy, elements were studied by secondary ion mass-spectrometry. Results. The best transmission among structures of chito-san/metals was showed by low molecular mass of chitosan and 8-1 Onm nanoparticles of metals. Analysis of roughness of surface shows that nanoparticles of gold make the most solid surface on 3-amynopropil-3-methoxysylan underlayer. Conclusion. The development of biocomparative materials in maxillofacial surgery is considered to be effective method of decreasing the risk of post-operative inflammatory complications by local antibacterial effect.

  8. Study of reduction and complexation of technetium in the presence of humate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tkac, P.

    2003-06-01

    Reduction of pertechnetate was studied by different reduction systems: Sn 2+ , Fe 2+ , ascorbic acid, mixture of ascorbic acid and Fe 3+ , and thiourea. Reduction of pertechnetate by Sn 2+ ions (5 · 10 -2 - 5 · 10 -7 mol.dm -3 ) was studied in pH range of 0.94-6.4. For effective reduction of Tc(VII) an acidic environment (pH 2+ ions higher than 1 · 10 -5 mol.dm-3 was necessary. Reduction of Tc(VII) by Fe 2+ (0.01 mol.dm -3 FeSO 4 ) was strongly dependent on pH and for reduction yield higher than 95 %, pH = 8 and higher was needed. In the presence of ascorbic acid (1 - 5 %) no significant reduction was observed. When a 5 % solution of ascorbic acid was prepared by dilution of ascorbic acid in 2 mol.dm -3 HCl, 60 % reduction after 30 minutes of reaction was observed. Reduction of Tc(VII) in the presence of ascorbic acid was most effectively observed in the presence of Fe 3+ ions. The yield of reduction was about 98 % after 20 minutes of reaction. Reduction of pertechnetate by thiourea was studied in acidic solution (HCl). Different conditions were used for reduction of 99m TcO 4 - and 99 TcO 4 - , respectively. The best yield for a routine preparation of [ 99 Tc(tu) 6 ] 3+ (tu = thiourea) was observed when 70 mg of thiourea was dissolved in 5 ml of 0.5 mol.dm -3 HCl and 0.2 - 0.5 ml of 6 · 10 -2 mol.dm -3 TcO 4 - was added. The mixture was allowed to react at least 20 hours. In the case of 99m Tc, 35 mg of thiourea was diluted in 5 ml of 2 mol.dm -3 HCl and 0.1 - 0.5 ml of pertechnetate generator solution was added. Reaction mixture was heated at 100 grad C for at least 30 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. The yield of pertechnetate reduction for both preparation methods was about 99 %. The thiourea complex of technetium was chosen for preparation of technetium-humic complex, because it is well known as the most suitable precursor for preparation of new technetium complexes with Tc 3+ . Gel chromatography of natrium humate was carried out before preparation of

  9. PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN SILIKA GEL DARI ABU SABUT KELAPA DAN ABU SEKAM PADI UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR LOGAM Cd2+

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    AF Yusrin

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian mengenai pembuatan silika gel dari bahan baku abu sabut kelapa (ASK dan abu sekam padi (ASP telah dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kandungan silikanya. Bahan baku ASK dan ASP ditambah larutan NaOH dengan pemanasan dan peleburan pada suhu 500C selama 30 menit menghasilkan larutan natrium silikat, kemudian larutan natrium silikat masing-masing diasamkan dengan HCl 3 M hingga pH 7 dan dikeringkan hingga menjadi silika gel abu sabut kelapa (SG-ASK dan silika gel abu sekam padi (SG-ASP. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menyatakan bahwa SG-ASK dan SG-ASP menghasilkan silika berbentuk amorf, sedangkan hasil analisis FT-IR menyatakan bahwa silika gel memiliki gugus fungsi Si-OH, Si-O dan Si-H. Hasil penelitian mengenai uji penyerapan ion logam Cd2+ menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan optimum ion logam Cd2+ dalam larutan oleh SG-ASK adalah pada pH 6, waktu kontak 60 menit dan konsentrasi optimum 7,45 ppm. Hasil uji penyerapan optimum ion logam Cd2+ dalam larutan oleh SG-ASP pada pH 7, waktu kontak 90 menit dan konsentrasi optimum 11,78 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan SG-ASP lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kemampuan SG-ASK dalam menurunkan kadar ion logam Cd2+ dalam larutan.Research on the manufacture of gel silica from coconut husk ash (ASK and rice husk ash (ASP has been conducted by utilizing their silica contents. ASK and ASP were added by an NaOH solution, then by heated and melted at temperature 500C for 30 minutes to produce sodium silicate solution. The solution was then acidified separately with HCl 3 M up to pH 7 and dried into silica gel of coconut husk ash (SG-ASK and silica gel of rice husk ash (SG-ASP. The result of XRD characterization showed that SG-ASK and SG-ASP both produced amorphous silica, while the result of FT-IR analysis showed that silica gel had functional groups of Si-OH, Si-O and Si-H. The research on the test adsorption of Cd2+ metal ions showed that the optimum adsorption of Cd2+ metal ions in solution by SG

  10. Late inflammatory and thrombotic changes in irradiated hearts of C57BL/6 wild-type and atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-deficient mice

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Patties, I.; Glasow, A. [University of Leipzig, Department of Radiation Therapy, Leipzig (Germany); Haagen, J. [University of Technology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden (Germany); Doerr, W. [University of Technology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden (Germany); CCC, Medical University/AKH, Department of Radiation Oncology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiooncology, Vienna (Austria); Hildebrandt, G. [University of Rostock, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Rostock (Germany)

    2014-09-09

    Erkrankungen sind als Spaetfolgen der thorakalen Radiotherapie bekannt. In dieser Arbeit untersuchten wir inflammatorische und thrombotische Marker nach lokaler Bestrahlung des Herzens in zu Atherosklerose neigenden und Wildtyp-Maeusen. Atherosklerosegefaehrdete ApoE-defiziente (ApoE{sup -/-}) und C57BL/6-Wildtyp-Maeuse wurden mit 0,2 Gy, 2 Gy, 8 Gy oder 16 Gy bestrahlt und 20, 40 und 60 Wochen spaeter euthanasiert. Die Proteinexpression von CD31, VCAM-1 (vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1), Thrombomodulin (TM) und CD45 wurde mittels Immunfluoreszenzfaerbung in Herzgewebeschnitten quantifiziert. Die Kapillardichte nahm 40 Wochen nach 16-Gy-Bestrahlung in C57BL/6-, nicht aber in ApoE{sup -/-}-Maeusen ab. Die Expression von CD31 verminderte sich in C57BL/6-Maeusen nach 40 Wochen (8 Gy), stieg jedoch in ApoE{sup -/-}-Maeusen nach 20 (2/8/16 Gy) und 60 Wochen (16 Gy) an. Die Kapillargroesse reduzierte sich in C57BL/6 40 Wochen nach Bestrahlung (8/16 Gy), vergroesserte sich aber in ApoE{sup -/-}-Maeusen 20 Wochen nach 16-Gy-Bestrahlung. Die endokardiale VCAM-1-Expression blieb nach Bestrahlung unveraendert. Die Anzahl TM-positiver Kapillaren verminderte sich nach 40 Wochen (8/16 Gy) in C57BL/6- und nach 60 Wochen (2/16 Gy) in ApoE{sup -/-}-Maeusen. Die Infiltration von Leukozyten war 40 Wochen nach 8-Gy- (nur ApoE{sup -/-}) und 16-Gy-Bestrahlung voruebergehend erhoeht. In beiden Mausstaemmen konnten nach einer Bestrahlung mit einer niedrigen Dosis von 0,2 Gy keine signifikanten Veraenderungen beobachtet werden. In dieser Studie wurde gezeigt, dass die lokale Bestrahlung des Herzens die mikrovaskulaere Struktur beeinflusst und eine dosis- und zeitabhaengige inflammatorische/thrombotische Reaktion in Maeusen hervorruft. Dabei treten signifikante prothrombotische Veraenderungen in beiden untersuchten Mausstaemmen auf, wobei diese nur in ApoE{sup -/-}-Maeusen progressiv verlaufen. Proinflammatorische Reaktionen, wie der Anstieg von Adhaesionsmolekuelen und die Einwanderung von

  11. The Effect of Gaseous Ozone in Infected Root Canal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ajeti, Nova Nexhmije; Pustina-Krasniqi, Teuta; Apostolska, Sonja

    2018-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: During the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis the main role is to irrigate the root canal. AIM: The aim of this in vivo study was to irrigate with 0.9% NaCl (Natrium Chloride), 2.5 % NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, Sigma Aldrich - Germany) and 2% CHX (Chlorhexidine Digluconate Solution, Sigma Aldrich - Spain) combined with Gaseous Ozone (Prozone WH, Austria). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was realised in the University Dentistry Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UDCCK), respectively in the Department of Endodontic and Dental Pathology, Dental Branch, Faculty of Medicine, Prishtina, Kosovo. The 40 subjects involved in this study belonged to both genders, in age between 15 -65 years. The sample selection was randomised. The retroalveolar radiography for each patient was taken in the suspected tooth. As a therapeutic plan the authors decided to disinfect the root canal with the irrigants, as follows: 2.5 % NaOCl, 2 % CHX and gaseous ozone. RESULTS: The statistical analyses were based on Kruskal - Vallis test, X - test, DF = 3, r irrigants 0.9%, 2.5 % NaOCl and 2% CHX, it was concluded that the number of colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was reduced. PMID:29531611

  12. The Effect of Seed Soaking with Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas alcaligenes on the Growth of Swamp Cabbage (Ipomoea reptans Poir)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Widnyana, I. K.; Ngga, M.; Sapanca, P. L. Y.

    2018-01-01

    The research was conducted to determine the effect of seed soaking with suspense of P. alcaligenes isolate KtSl, TrN2, and TmAl to the growth of swamp cabbage. The research has been initially developed on tomatoes. In this research, Randomized Block Design was chosen as its model while the data analysis was performed by using SPSS v.17 for Windows. Three types of treatment were administered towards P. alcaligenes, namely isolating, soaking, and growing the medium. Some observed parameters were germination and growth. The results showed that seed soaking treatments with suspense P. alcaligenes fostered the germination 25% faster, enhanced the crop up to 24.4%, increased the number of leaves up until 23.15%, lengthen stems to 25%, lengthen the roots up to 46.90%, and increase the fresh weight of stems up until 67.07% and oven-dry weight of stem up to 84.21% compared to the control treatment. The best response of treatment for germination speed was soaking seeds with P. alcaligenes TrN2 for 20 minutes on both NB (Natrium Broth) and PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) media.

  13. Warehouse hazardous and toxic waste design in Karingau Balikpapan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pratama, Bayu Rendy; Kencanawati, Martheana

    2017-11-01

    PT. Balikpapan Environmental Services (PT. BES) is company that having core business in Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management Services which consisting storage and transporter at Balikpapan. This research starting with data collection such as type of waste, quantity of waste, dimension area of existing building, waste packaging (Drum, IBC tank, Wooden Box, & Bulk Bag). Processing data that will be done are redesign for warehouse dimension and layout of position waste, specify of capacity, specify of quantity, type and detector placement, specify of quantity, type and fire extinguishers position which refers to Bapedal Regulation No. 01 In 1995, SNI 03-3985-2000, Employee Minister Regulation RI No. Per-04/Men/1980. Based on research that already done, founded the design for warehouse dimension of waste is 23 m × 22 m × 5 m with waste layout position appropriate with type of waste. The necessary of quantity for detector on this waste warehouse design are 56 each. The type of fire extinguisher that appropriate with this design is dry powder which containing natrium carbonate, alkali salts, with having each weight of 12 Kg about 18 units.

  14. Sintesis Asam Etoksi Lignosulfonat sebagai Surfaktan dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Ardinal

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Synthesis of ethoxy lignosulfonic acid as a surfactant from a waste of palm oil empty fruit bunch was aimed to isolate lignin, studying the ethylation of the lignin and sulfonation of the alkyl lignin to produce ethoxy lignosulfonic acid moreover to investigate its activity as the surfactant. At first, lignin was isolated from the waste of palm oil empty fruit bunch by sulfate method, then lignin was alkylated with diethylsulfate (DES, and the resulted ethoxy lignin was sulfonated using sodium bisulfite. Each product was characterized by FT-IR and the success of the sulfonation was proven by SEM-EDX. Surfactant test properties included: determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC with turbidimetry method, foam stability, emulsions index and emulsion stability. Lignin isolation gave lignin as light brown solid in 27.8% yield. Alkylation reaction of lignin with diethyl sulfate produced ethoxy lignin in 83.0% yield. Sulfonation of ethoxy lignin using sodium bisulfite afforded ethoxy lignosulfonic acid in 88.5% yield. It was known that there was a significant increase in oxygen percentage at the sulfonation process. Ethoxy lignosulfonic acid as the surfactant has CMC of 1.6 g/L, the surfactant concentration of 1.5 g/L gave stable foam for 100 minutes, the surfactant has an emulsion index of 35% in a gasoline-water system and 56% in the cooking oil-water system. The emulsion on both systems was stable for four days of measurement.ABSTRAKSintesis asam etoksi lignosulfonat sebagai surfaktan dari limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS dilakukan dengan tujuan mengisolasi lignin dari TKKS, mempelajari etilasi terhadap lignin dan sulfonasi terhadap etoksi lignin untuk menghasilkan asam etoksi lignosulfonat serta uji aktifitasnya sebagai surfaktan. Lignin diisolasi dari TKKS dengan metode sulfat, lalu dialkilasi dengan dietil sulfat (DES dan disulfonasi dengan natrium bisulfit. Tiap produk dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR dan untuk mengetahui

  15. Erektile Dysfunktion, Phosphodiesterase-5-Hemmer und KHK - die Sicht des Kardiologen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schmid P

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Die erektile Dysfunktion (ED kommt vermehrt bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK vor und wird üblicherweise mit Phosphodiesterase- 5-Hemmern (PDE-5-Hemmer wie Sildenafil, Vardenafil und Tadalafil behandelt. Dies geht mit einem systemischen Blutdruckabfall von bis zu 10 mmHg systolisch und bis 6 mmHg diastolisch einher. Die Herzfrequenz bleibt gleich oder steigt minimal an, das Doppelprodukt (RR sys x HF als Maß des myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauches bleibt unverändert oder sinkt ab. Koronarangiographische Untersuchungen bei KHK-Patienten unter Sildenafil ergaben gegenüber Placebo keine Unterschiede in der Hämodynamik. Auch die Koronarreserve, die Blutflußgeschwindigkeit, der Durchmesser der Koronararterien, das Blutflußvolumen und der Koronargefäßwiderstand blieben unbeeinflußt. Die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit wurde durch Sildenafil und Vardenafil nicht verändert. Eine kardiovaskuläre Exzeßmortalität liegt durch Einnahme von PDE-5-Hemmern nicht vor. Absolute Kontraindikation für eine Therapie mit PDE-5-Hemmern ist die gleichzeitige Gabe von NO-Donatoren (Nitrate, Molsidomin, Nitroprussid-Natrium, relative Kontraindikationen sind eine akute Koronarinsuffizienz, Herzinsuffizienz mit niedrigem Blutdruck, vorbestehende antihypertensive 3- bis 4-fach-Kombinationstherapie, Pharmaka, die den Abbau bzw. die Elimination von PDE-5-Hemmern reduzieren, sowie Antiarrhythmika der Klasse III.

  16. Therapeutic embolization in pulmonary hemorrhage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gasparini, D.

    1989-01-01

    The author's purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic embolization in pulmonary hemorrage performed with fibrin foam (Spongostan) suspended in sclerosing agents (hidroxy-poliethoxy-dodecano 3%, or natrium morruate 5%), and electrocoagulation (Bitrol, spa) as an alternative to surgery. Twenty patients were embolized: 17 with fibrin foam and sclerosing agents only, 2 with the addition of electrocoagulation and a Gianturco coil respectively, and 1 with electrocoagulation alone. The follow-up ranges from 3 to 42 months (average 22). A patient affected by aspergilloma died a few days after hemoptysis. The patient treated by electrocoagulation alone suffers from periodical hematic expectoration (spitting). The remaining 18 patients have not shown any pathological findings. In 2 cases the arterial occlusion was confirmed by angiography, while in 1 case partial arterial recanalization was observed. Such a finding was due to the vessel dimensions and to hyperflux values. In similar cases, obstruction must be completed different techniques (e.g. Gianturco coils, electrocoagulation, detachable balloons, etc.). The absence of flux resulting from embolization improves electrocoagulation efficiency, which should be considered as the technique of choice. Even though additional trials are needed, the techniques have proven quite reliable and suitable to replace surgery in low-aggression lesions

  17. Paparan iklan junk food dan pola konsumsi junk food sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar kota dan desa di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esti Nurwanti

    2016-03-01

    regression showed that the variables affect obesity is junk food ads exposure (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13-2.36and p <0.05 and sex (OR=0.62, 95% CI:0.43-0.91 and p<0.05.Conclusion : Exposure to junk food advertising can increase the risk of obesity.KEYWORDS: obesity, ads, junk food, energy, saturated fat, natrium, sucroseABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas dapat disebabkan oleh iklan makanan junk food ketika anak menontontelevisi. Pemilihan makanan yang diinginkan oleh anak banyak dipengaruhi oleh iklan tersebut, sehingga mempengaruhiasupan kalori dan berkorelasi dengan obseitas. Obesitas pada anak dapat menyebabkan obesitas saat dewasa dandapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif, seperti diabetes dan kardiovaskuler.Tujuan: Untuk mengukur tingkat risiko paparan iklan junk food dan konsumsi junk food terhadap   kejadian obesitaspada anak SD di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus-kontrol. Populasi penelitian adalah anak SD di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul. Kelompok kasus adalah anak yang mengalami obesitas,sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah teman sekelas yang tidak mengalami obesitas dan duduk paling dekat di sebelahkanan kasus tanpa melihat umur dan jenis kelaminnya Jumlah subjek untuk masing-masing kelompok sebesar 244(1:1. Obesitas didefi nisikan dengan IMT/U>persentil 95th kurva NCHS/CDC. Pengambilan sampel untuk menemukanobesitas dengan probability proportional to size (PPS dan pengambilan sampel untuk kasus dan kontrol menggunakanteknik random sampling. Analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi-square,dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program STATA 11 dengantingkat kemaknaan 95% dan nutrisurvey.Hasil: Analisis bivariat dengan Chi-square menunjukkan variabel yang berpengaruh dengan kejadian obesitas, di antaranyapaparan iklan junk food (OR=1,70, 95%CI:1,17-2,48, dan p

  18. KANDUNGAN NATRIUM BEBERAPA JENIS SAMBAL KEMASAN SERTA UJI TINGKAT PENERIMAANNYA (THE SODIUM CONTENT OF SOME CHILLI SAUCES AND ITS SENSORY EVALUATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suryana Purawisastra

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Background: Chili sauce is one the spice which is widely used in Indonesia. In making of the sauce, salt is added to increase the palatability of the chili sauce. In the past salt was the only source of sodium, however, nowadays there are some food additives containing sodium such as sodium benzoate becoming the source of sodium. At the moment, the chili sauce are available in the market, and in making those sauces, beside the addition of salt is also some food additive containing sodium were added.  The excessive of sodium intake is related to the risk of hypertension and kidney failure. Objectives: to analyze the sodium contents of 10 kinds of chili sauces available in the market and to evaluate the sensory of the sauce. Methods: Ten samples of chili sauce in various brands were bought from supermarket, and then analyzed its sodium content using the Flame photometer method. Its sensory evaluation was performed by the thirty-two of testers. Results: The sodium content of sauces was shown that the value of the content was varying significantly (p £ 0.05. The highest content was 9.03 mg per gram, and the lowest was 3.82 mg per gram. The others were spread out between the highest and the lowest. Whereas the sensory evaluation of the sauce indicated that the sauce containing the higher content of sodium was tend to be more acceptance than the lower one.  Conclusion: The sodium content of sauces in this study was varying between 9.03 to 3.82 mg per 100 g, whereas the sensory evaluation of the sauces revealed that the sauce which contained the higher content of sodium was more preference by the testers than the lower one. [Penel Gizi Makan 2010, 33(2: 173-179] Keywords: sodium content, chili sauce, food additives.

  19. Einfluss verminderter Scherkräfte auf Entzündungsreaktionen in vitro Effekte pathologischer Strömungsbedingungen auf Leukozyten-Endothel-Interaktionen und monozytäre "Tissue-factor-Expression" in humanen Zellkulturen

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Nohé, B.; Johannes, T.; Schmidt, V.; Schroeder, T. H.; Kiefer, R. T.; Unertl, K.; Dieterich, H. J.

    2005-01-01

    During malperfusion and inflammation leukocyte adhesion is common. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reduced shear stress on leukocyte-endothelial interactions and subsequent inflammatory reactions such as up-regulation of tissue factor. Isolated neutrophils and monocytes were

  20. Studi Ketebalan Elektroda Pada Produksi Gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen) Oleh Generator Hho Tipe Basah Dengan Katalis NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat)

    OpenAIRE

    Ihsan Sopandi; Yuli Hananto; Bayu Rudiyanto

    2015-01-01

    Abstrak. Salah satu energi alternatif yang efektif dikembangkan sekarang ini untuk mengganti bahan bakar minyak yaitu hidrogen. Untuk mendapatkan gas hidrogen dapat  dilakukan melalui proses elektrolisis air dengan memecahkan senyawa H2O menjadi gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen) dengan bantuan listrik arus searah (Direct Current) melalui media elektroda berupa plat stainless steel 304. Pada penelitian ini, akan diteliti hasil produksi gas HHO oleh generator HHO tipe basah dengan metode elek...

  1. Nailfold capillaroscopy: Specific features in Fabry disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wasik, Jan S; Simon, Roger W; Meier, Thomas; Steinmann, Beat; Amann-Vesti, Beatrice R

    2009-01-01

    Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. The metabolic defect results in the progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide within vascular cells leading to renal, cardiac and cerebrovascular manifestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate nailfold capillaroscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in Fabry disease and to characterize morphological and functional changes of the capillaries in vivo. Twenty-five consecutive patients with Fabry disease (17 males) without enzyme-replacement therapy had been studied by fluorescence nailfold capillaroscopy. Macrocirculation of digital arteries was tested by digital pulse volume recording and patients had been asked about the presence of Raynaud phenomenon. Significant more bushy capillaries and clusters were present in Fabry patients (72%) compared to healthy controls (10%). No avascular fields had been seen, and in only one patient atypical architecture and in another one a giant capillary was present. Enhanced natrium-fluorescein diffusion into the pericapillary area has been observed in three male patients. Six patients (one female) reported Raynaud phenomenon of all fingers. In Fabry disease morphological and functional microangiopathy of nailfold capillaries is present. Furthermore, these new findings might explain, at least in part, the unusual high frequency of Raynaud phenomenon in Fabry patients, which has not been described so far. Our data suggest that capillaroscopy might be used as an additional non-invasive diagnostic tool for Fabry disease.

  2. KANDUNGAN ASAM AMINO, TAURIN, MINERAL MAKRO-MIKRO, DAN VITAMIN B12 UBUR-UBUR (Aurelia aurita SEGAR DAN KERING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    - - Nurjanah

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan komposisi gizi, asam amino, taurin, mineral makro dan mikro,dan vitamin B12 pada ubur-ubur (Aurelia aurita segar dan kering. Asam amino esensial pada ubur-uburyaitu arginina, leusina, valina, treonina, lisina, isoleusina, fenilalanina, metionina, dan histidina, sedangkanasam amino non esensial yaitu asam glutamat, glisina, asam aspartat, serina, alanina, dan tirosina. Asamamino esensial tertinggi segar dan kering adalah arginina sebesar 1,72% (bk dan 1,44% (bk dan terendahhistidina yaitu sebesar 0,19% (bk dan 0,13% (bk. Asam amino non esensial segar dan kering tertinggiadalah asam glutamat dan glisina yaitu sebesar 3,26% (bk dan 2,62% (bk dan terkecil tirosina sebesar0,38% (bk dan 0,41% (bk. Taurin segar sebesar 2,68% (bk dan kering sebesar 0,67% (bk. Mineral makrotertinggi segar dan kering adalah natrium yaitu 180.092,1 ppm (bk dan 111.209,4 ppm (bk, terkecil adalahkalsium yaitu 5.750,2 ppm (bk dan 11,1 ppm (bk. Mineral mikro tertinggi segar dan kering adalah iodium yaitu8.291,5 ppm (bk dan 1.800 ppm (bk dan yang terkecil adalah tembaga yaitu 1,1 ppm (bk dan 0,6 ppm (bk.Vitamin B12 segar adalah 396,6 μm/100 g (bk dan kering 63,5 μm/100 g (bk.Kata kunci: asam amino, mineral, taurin, ubur-ubur (Aurelia aurita, vitamin B12

  3. PEMANFAATAN ABU VULKANIK GUNUNG MERAPI SEBAGAI GEOPOLIMER (SUATU POLIMER ANORGANIK ALUMINOSILIKAT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Kusumastuti

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Sintesis geopolimer telah dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan abu vulkanik Gunung Merapi. Geopolimer merupakan suatu polimer anorganik aluminosilikat dengan rantai Si-O-Al yang disintesis dari material yang kaya akan silika dan alumina dengan larutan pengaktif natrium hidroksida. Analisis kandungan kimia abu vulkanik Merapi menunjukkan bahwa material ini termasuk material pozzolan dengan kandungan silika dan alumina yang tinggi, yakni 45,7% berat SiO2; 14,00% berat Al2O3; 16,1% berat CaO; 18,2% berat Fe2O3 dan 3,86% berat K2O. Perbandingan mol SiO2/Al2O3 dalam abu vulkanik Merapi tergolong tinggi yakni 5,55. Abu vulkanik Merapi dapat disintesis menjadi geopolimer meskipun mempunyai rasio mol SiO2/Al2O3 yang tinggi dengan menggunakan larutan pengaktif NaOH 66,67% serta menambah waktu curing selama 3 hari pada suhu 70°C untuk membantu proses kondensasi (lepasnya molekul air pada proses geopolimerisasinya. Geopolimerisasi abu vulkanik Merapi pada suhu kamar tidak dapat terjadi, ditandai dengan kekuatannya yang sangat rendah. Karakterisasi pada geopolimer berbahan dasar abu vulkanik menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan optimum dicapai pada komposisi dengan perbandingan abu vulkanik/Na silikat/NaOH/H2O sebesar 50/10/4/6 dengan kekuatan 61,16 MPa. Analisis kualitatif berupa fasa mineral dengan XRD dan ikatan kimia dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa telah terbentuk fasa amorf aluminosilikat geopolimer dengan ikatan Si–O–Si atau Si–O–Al. Synthesis of geopolymer has been done by using Merapi volcanic ash. Geopolymer is an aluminosilicate inorganic polymer with Si-O-Al chain that has been synthesized from silica-and alumina-rich materials by using activator solution natrium hydroxide. The analysis of Merapi volcanic ash content showed that it was a pozzolan material containing high-silica alumina, with 45,7% of SiO2; 14,00% of Al2O3; 16,1% of  CaO; 18,2% of Fe2O3 and 3,86% of K2O. Mol ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 was high, it is 5,55. Although it

  4. The use of morinda citrifolia as a green corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kusumastuti, Rahayu; Pramana, Rakhmad Indra; Soedarsono, Johny W.

    2017-03-01

    The effect and mechanism of green corrosion inhibitor of Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) toward low carbon steel material has been researched. The general background is to develop the cheap and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor based on components taken from tropical plants that grow +in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of the extracts of noni as green corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel material in aggressive environment. The medium applied for this experiment is 3.5% natrium chloride solution. The variation of the concentration and immersion time duration has been applied as the experimental parameters. All the work was done at room temperature. The corrosion rate was measured by electrochemical polarization method with CMS 600-Gamry instruments and weight loss. The adsorption of inhibitor into the metal surface, which induced bonding formation after immersion was observed by using FTIR method. Inhibition mechanism was observed by polarization curves and fitted by the Langmuir adsorption models. The experimental results show that the higher concentration of inhibitor increasing the inhibition effect. The optimum inhibition is obtained at 3 ppm noni fruit extract, after immersion for about 288 hours. The corrosion rates obtained was 1.385 mpy, with the inhibitor efficiency of 76.92%. The monolayer film is formed coating the surface material as a result of mixed type corrosion inhibitor behavior of Noni. It can be concluded that this green inhibitor is effective to be used for low carbon steel material.

  5. UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT HEMORRHAGE AND NONSTEROIDALANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs – A 5-YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pavel Skok

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Background. Adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs are a common cause of digestive tract hemorrhage.Study aims. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the percent of patients taking NSAIDs with upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Type of study. Prospective, analytical.Patients and methods. The study includes patients in which urgent endoscopic investigations of the upper digestive tract were carried out due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1998.Results. 3366 patients were investigated: 1222 women and 2144 men; the average age of our patients was 57.5 years (SD ± 17.1, a 2–97 year span. In 2905 patients (86.3% the source of bleeding was confirmed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Among our patients 55% were aged over 60 years, 26.7% were older than 80 years. Sequelae of peptic ulcer disease were the most significant cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, in 47.7% of our patients (1387/2905. In the last week prior to bleeding, 19% of patients (552/2905 were taking regularly NSAIDs, corticosteroids, salycilates or anticoagulant therapy at least in single daily dose. The majority of patients, 94.5%, were taking NSAIDs or salycilates. Among NSAIDs they were taking most often ketoprofen, diclofenac or naproxen/ naproxen natrium, less often ibuprofen, nabumeton, etodolac or piroxicam.Conclusions. Upper digestive tract hemorrhage is a serious complication of NSAIDs medication, particularly in older patients

  6. 30 PENGGUNAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI SAMPAH PLASTIK UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN PHOSPHAT PADA LIMBAH CAI R (Studi Kasus: Limbah Cair Industri Laundry di Temb alang, Semarang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irawan Wisnu Wardhana

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Meningkatnya jumlah industri laundry akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya penggunaan deterjen. Zat yang dominan terkandung dalam deterjen adalah natrium tripolyphosphat yang berfungsi sebagai builder dan surfaktan, sehingga limbahnyapun mengandung phosphat. Hampir semua industri laundry membuang limbahnya tanpa melalui pengolahan terlebih dahulu, hal tersebut akan menyebabkan eutrofikasi dimana badan air menjadi kaya akan nutrien terlarut, menurunnya kandungan oksigen terlarut dan kemampuan daya dukung badan air terhad ap biota air. Menurut hasi uji pendahuluan, limbah cair industri tersebut mengandung kadar phos phat sebesar 10,21 mg/l. Kadar tersebut melebihi baku mutu Perda Prop. Jateng No 10 tahun 2004, dimana kadar maksimum untuk phosphat total adalah 2 mg/l. Salah satu cara pengolahan limbah adalah dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif dari sampah plastik jenis polyethylene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemamapuan karbon aktif dari sampah plas tik dalam menurunkan kandungan phosphat dengan percobaan batch dan kontinyu. Percobaan batch menggunakan variasi berat karbon aktif dari sampah plastik 1,2, dan 3 gram untuk masing-masimg variasi ukuran media 30-60 mesh dan 100-200 mesh. Percobaan batch mempunyai efisiensi penurunan phosphat tertinggi pada berat 3 gram (100-200mesh sebesar 45,45%. Sedangkan percobaan kontinyu dilakukan pada kolom berdiameter 1 inchi dengan variasi debit 50 ml/menit dan 100 ml/menit. Percobaan kontinyu mempunyai efisiensi penurunan phosphat terbesar pada debit 50 ml/menit sebesar 54,75%. Nilai konstanta kecepatan (k1 0,0108 ml/mg.dtk dengan kapasitas serap (qo 0,677 mg/g.

  7. Investigation Of Arterial Blood Pressure Level And Metabolic Indices In Patients With Arterial Hypertension At Pharmacotherapy With Antihypertensive Medicines Of Various Chemical Structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.Kh. Glybochko

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The research goal is to carry on the comparative analysis of medicines of various chemical structure, Telmisar-tan and Bisoprolol, and to reveal their effect on the arterial blood pressure level and the indices of various metabolic processes in patients with arterial hypertension. 60 out-patients with arterial hypertension (stage II risk III both males and females aged 33-55 have been under study taking Telmisartan and Bisoprolol for 3 months. While treating the patients the arterial blood pressure level control and biochemical investigations for determination the indices of metabolic processes have been carried out. The investigated medications have provided the decrease of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure parameters, the increase of concentration of total and ionized calcium, chlorine ions, urea and total bilirubin in blood plasma. Therapy with Telmisartan has shown more significant increase of potassium level in erythro-cytes, decrease of levels of natrium, glucose, glycolized hemoglobin and triglycerides and increased contents of alani-naminotransferase and aspartataminotransferase. The course of therapy with Bisoprolol has restored the normal level of magnesium in blood plasma, has not have any influence on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increased the level of alaninaminotransferase and significantly increased the contents of total and ionized calcium, urea and creatinine. 3-months therapy with Telmisartan and Bisoprolol has proved the decrease of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in patients with arterial hypertension. The medications under study have had active and variable effects on metabolic indices

  8. Kinetic theory of weakly ionized dilute gas of hydrogen-like atoms of the first principles of quantum statistics and dispersion laws of eigenwaves

    Science.gov (United States)

    Slyusarenko, Yurii V.; Sliusarenko, Oleksii Yu.

    2017-11-01

    We develop a microscopic approach to the construction of the kinetic theory of dilute weakly ionized gas of hydrogen-like atoms. The approach is based on the statements of the second quantization method in the presence of bound states of particles. The basis of the derivation of kinetic equations is the method of reduced description of relaxation processes. Within the framework of the proposed approach, a system of common kinetic equations for the Wigner distribution functions of free oppositely charged fermions of two kinds (electrons and cores) and their bound states—hydrogen-like atoms— is obtained. Kinetic equations are used to study the spectra of elementary excitations in the system when all its components are non-degenerate. It is shown that in such a system, in addition to the typical plasma waves, there are longitudinal waves of matter polarization and the transverse ones with a behavior characteristic of plasmon polaritons. The expressions for the dependence of the frequencies and Landau damping coefficients on the wave vector for all branches of the oscillations discovered are obtained. Numerical evaluation of the elementary perturbation parameters in the system on an example of a weakly ionized dilute gas of the 23Na atoms using the D2-line characteristics of the natrium atom is given. We note the possibility of using the results of the developed theory to describe the properties of a Bose condensate of photons in the diluted weakly ionized gas of hydrogen-like atoms.

  9. The study of DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2‧deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its metabolite ter-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) through in vitro reaction with Calf Thymus DNA and 2‧deoxyguanosine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Budiawan; Purwaningsih, S. S.; Cahaya, D. I.

    2017-04-01

    Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its metabolite Tert-Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) are synthetic antioxidants, commonly used as food and beverage preservatives. Although WHO declared their safety, the use of these preservatives are still controversial because some studies showed that BHA induced proliferative effects in animal testing and TBHQ is considered as carcinogenic and causes DNA cleavage. This study is aimed to analyze the interaction between Calf Thymus DNA with BHA and TBHQ which are mediated with Copper (II) Chloride. The result of the study in spectrophotometric showed there was bathochromic shift as much as 2-3 nm in DNA treated with TBHQ. The next analysis used HPLC method in stationary phase of ODS, mobile phase of 10mM Natrium Hydrogen Phosphate Buffer and Methanol (85 : 15) for DNA adduct formation, 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) as biomarker of risk cancer. The resultof the study showed the formation of DNA adduct 8-OHDG in the interaction between DNA and 20-500 ppm of TBHQ. The 8-OHdG formation was greatly increased by the higher concentration of TBHQ. The relative amount of 8 OHDG which formed was reached 946/105 deoxyguanosine in DNA bases. Confirmation test by LCMS/MS was characterized with the detection of mother ion peak (m/z 284); fragment ion peaks at m/z 167.9, and 139.9; at retention time 3.52 min. Meanwhile the interaction between DNA and 50-250 ppm BHA did not induce 8-OHDG.

  10. Diffusion of cesium in sodium-borosilicate glasses for nuclear waste immobilisation. Diffusie van cesium in natrium borosilicaat glazen voor het immobiliseren van radioaktief afval

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Janssen, F.J.J.G.; Sengers, E.G.F. (Keuring van Electrotechnische Materialen NV, Arnhem (Netherlands)); Waal, H. de (TPD-TNO-Glass technology, Eindhoven (Netherlands))

    1989-09-26

    Diffusion of cesium in borosilicate glass for high-level radioactive waste is discussed. For this purpose model glasses with non-radioactive elements are being made, in accordance with the specifications of the reprocessing plants, from which concentration couples are composed. A concentration couple consists of two cylinders of borosilicate glass which contain different amounts of cesium. After heat treatment the couples are studied by means of the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. The model study will provide a basis for predictions of the containment achieved over a longer period of time. (author). 11 refs.; 2 figs.; 2 tabs.

  11. Studi Kinetika Pembentukan Karaginan dari Rumput Laut

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dini Fathmawati

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Karaginan merupakan senyawa polisakarida galaktosa.Senyawa-senyawa polisakarida mudah terhidrolisis dalam larutan yang bersifat asam dan stabil dalam suasana basa.Karaginan juga merupakan senyawa hidrokoloid yang terdiri atas ester kalium, natrium, magnesium dan kalium sulfat dengan galaktosa 3,6 anhidrogalaktosa kopolimer. Karaginan adalah suatu bentuk polisakarida linear dengan berat molekul di atas 100 kDa atau berkisar antara 100-800 ribu Da.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel konsentrasi NaOH dan konsentrasi rumput laut terhadap rendemen karaginan pada ekstraksi basa rumput laut, mempelajari pengaruh variabel suhu dan waktu terhadap rendemen karaginan pada ekstraksi basa rumput laut, mempelajari kinetika reaksi pembentukan karaginan dari rumput laut.Analisa identifikasi karaginan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri FTIR menunjukkan bahwa jenisnya adalah kappa karaginan dan iota karaginan.Semakin besar konsentrasi NaOH, rate pembentukan karaginan semakin meningkat. Semakin besar suhu ekstraksi, rate pembentukan karaginan semakin meningkat. Dengan persamaan reaksi rate adalah rp = k’CAn , harga Ea (E.Spinosum NaOH 6% = 43989,37 J/mol, dan harga Ea (E.Cottoni NaOH 6%= 43066,52  J/mol. Untuk harga k masing-masing pada saat NaOH 6%, yaitu:E. Spinosum : k 80 oC  = 3,2949072;k 85 oC = 3,7439337; c. k 90 oC = 5,5655806. E. Cottoni :k 80 oC  = 0,04925;  k 85 oC = 0,0577; dan k 90 oC = 0,08249. Dari hasil penelitian yang di dapat, kecepatan reaksi pada E. Spinosum dan E. Cottoni ditetapkan orde reaksi 1,5.

  12. Aloe vera Leaf Anti Inflamation’s Activity Speeds Up the Healing Proccess of Oral Mucosa Ulceration

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    Agoeng Tjahajani

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Previous work showed that 25% of inner layer Aloe vera leaf extract was effective as anti-inflammatory on the oral mucous of Wistar rats. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the lowest concentration of whole leaf Aloe vera extract that could accelerate healing process of ulceration on rats. Methods: Sixty inbreeding Spraque Dawley rats was exposed to solution of Hydrogen Peroxide 10% during three days to induced inflammation on the labial mucous inferior of rats. During the next three days, on the same area of control group were topically applied solution of Natrium Chloride 0.9%; while in the treatment group were topically applied 6.25%; 12.5%; 25% of whole leaf of Aloe vera extract for 3x5 minutes with 90 minutes intervals. On the fourth day, five rats in each group were sacrificed; and the same treatment was done on others groups. On the sixth day, five rats of each group were sacrificed; and the same treatment was done on the rest group up to seven days. On the eighth days, the rest groups were sacrificed. Microscopic slides were done. Results: Microscopic slides were analyzed under light microscope and scored. Statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between control and treatment group (p<0.05. Conclusion: Application of 6.25% whole leaf Aloe vera extract was the lowest and the most effective concentration in accelerating the healing process of oral mucous ulceration on rats.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v18i1.56

  13. Preparation of curcumin nanoparticle by using reinforcement ionic gelation technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suryani, Halid, Nur Hatidjah Awaliyah; Akib, Nur Illiyyin; Rahmanpiu, Mutmainnah, Nina

    2017-05-01

    Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound present in curcuma longa has a wide range of activities including anti-inflammatory properties. The potency of curcumin is limited by its poor oral bioavailability because of its poor solubility in aqueous. Various methods have been tried to solve the problem including its encapsulation into nanoparticle. The aim of this study is to develop curcumin nanoparticle by using reinforcement ionic gelation technique and to evaluate the stability of curcumin nanoparticles in gastrointestinal fluid. Curcumin nanoparticles were prepared by using reinforcement ionic gelation technique with different concentrations of chitosan, trypolyphosphate, natrium alginate and calcium chloride. Curcumin nanoparticles were then characterized including particle size and zeta potential by using particle size analyzer and morphology using a transmission electron microscope, entrapment efficiency using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and chemical structure analysis by Infra Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Furthermore, the stability of curcumin nanoparticles were evaluated on artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluids by measuring the amount of curcumin released in the medium at a time interval. The result revealed that curcumin nanoparticles can be prepared by reinforcement ionic gelation technique, the entrapment efficiency of curcumin nanoparticles were from 86.08 to 91.41%. The average of particle size was 272.9 nm and zeta potential was 12.05 mV. The morphology examination showed that the curcumin nanoparticles have spherical shape. The stability evaluation of curcumin nanoparticles showed that the nanoparticles were stable on artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid. This result indicates that curcumin nanoparticles have the potential to be developed for oral delivery.

  14. Alpha-particle irradiation induced defects in SiO2 films of Si-SiO2 structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koman, B.P.; Gal'chynskyy, O.V.; Kovalyuk, R.O.; Shkol'nyy, A.K.

    1996-01-01

    The aim of the work was to investigate alpha-particle irradiation induced defects in Si-SiO 2 structures by means of the thermostimulated discharge currents (TSDC) analysis. The object of investigation were (p-Si)-SiO 2 structures formed by a combined oxidation of the industrial p-Si wafers in dry and wet oxygen at temperature of 1150 C. The TSD currents were investigated in the temperature range between 90 and 500 K under linear heating rate. Pu 238 isotopes were the source of alpha-particles with an energy of 4-5 MeV and a density of 5.10 7 s -1 cm -2 . The TSD current curves show two peculiar maxima at about 370 and 480 K. Alpha-particle irradiation doesn't affect the general shape of the TSDC curves but leads to a shift of the maximum at 370 K and reduces the total electret charge which is accumulated in the Si-SiO 2 structures during polarization. The energy distribution function of the defects which are involved in SiO 2 polarization has been calculated. It showes that defects with activation energies of about 0.8 and 1.0 eV take part in forming the electret state, and these activation energies have certain energy distributions. It has been found that the TSDC maximum at 370 K has space charge nature and is caused by migration of hydrogen ions. In irradiated samples hydrogen and natrium ions localize on deeper trapping centres induced by alpha-particle irradiation. (orig.)

  15. Separation of cations of heavy metalsfrom concentrated galvanic drains

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. P. Bondareva

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available When applying galvanic coatings, soluble salts of heavy metals such as iron, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium and other metals are used, toxic cations enter the water, with subsequent migration to the biosphere. To date, many methods have been developed for cleaning galvanic sewage, which cannot be considered sufficiently effective. The joint sorption of divalent cations of copper, nickel and cadmium from concentrated aqueous solutions was investigated. Calculation and experimental methods were used to determine the separation conditions of the bivalent ion systems that differed and close in sorption properties on the aminophosphonic polyampholyte Purolite S950 in a natrium form. It is shown that the cadmium (II cations can be isolated from solutions containing copper (II or nickel (II cations even at the height of the sorption layer of 0.13 m due to the difference in the defining characteristics of the cations. This layer height can be used not only in a chromatographic column, but also in a concentrating cartridge. Separation of the copper (II and nickel (II close to the sorption properties requires an absorbing layer of 0.76 m, which can only be used in a chromatographic column, but not for a concentrating cartridge. In this paper, the degrees of ion separation in various sorption conditions are calculated. The applicability of the conductometric method for controlling the ion exchange process is shown not only when the free cations are isolated from aqueous solutions but also bound to complexes.

  16. PENURUNAN KANDUNGAN PHOSPHAT PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PENCUCIAN PAKAIAN (LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI SAMPAH PLASTIK DENGAN METODE BATCH DAN KONTINYU (Studi Kasus : Limbah Cair Industri Laundry Lumintu Tembalang, Semarang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irawan Wisnu Wardhana

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Increasing the number of laundry industry influences on the increasing of detergent utilizzation. Thedominant substance contained in the detergent is Natrium Tripolyphosphat, a builder and surfactant.Therefore the waste contains Phosphate. Most of the laundry industry throw their waste without treatmentfirst. The waste would cause Eutrofication where the water body became rich of dissolved nutrient,descending of the dissolved oxygen and capability of water body assist power to water biota. Lumintu isone of the laundry industries which located in Tembalang district. According to the result of preexperiment,industrial waste water containes 10,21 mg/l phosphate. This value exceeds standard quality ofPerda Prov. Jateng no. 10 year 2004 about maximum value for total of phosphate is 2 mg/l. One ofwastewater treatment method is adsorption using the active carbon from plastic rubbish kind ofPolyethylene. This reseach purposes to know the capability of active carbon from plastic rubbish inreducing phosphate content with batch and column operation. The batch operation use 1,2 and 3 gramvariation weight active carbon from plastic rubbish for 30 - 60 mesh and 100 - 200 mesh variation mediasize. The batch operation has 45,45 % from the highest phosphate efficiency lowering on the 3 gram.Otherwise, column operation need 1 inch column diameter with 50 ml/minute and 100 ml/minute debitvariation. Continue trial had 54,75 % from the highest phosphate efficiency lowering on the 50 ml/minute.Constant value speed (k1 is 0,0108 ml/mg.s with capacity of adsorption (qo 0,677 mg/g.

  17. Predictive parameters of infectiologic complications in patients after TIPSS; Praediktive Parameter infektiologischer Komplikationen bei Patienten nach TIPSS-Anlage

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cohnen, M.; Saleh, A.; Moedder, U. [Institut fuer Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Duesseldorf (Germany); Luethen, R.; Bode, J.; Haeussinger, D. [Klinik fuer Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Duesseldorf (Germany); Daeubener, W. [Institut fuer Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Universitaetsklinikum Duesseldorf (Germany)

    2003-02-01

    der Leukozytenzahl (d0: 7700{+-}2600; d1: 10800{+-}2800; d7: 7500{+-}1800) bereits am 1.Tag nach TIPSS im Vergleich zu Gruppe 2 auf (CRP: d0: 1,6{+-}0,6; d1: 1,8{+-}1,0; d7: 1,9{+-}0,6.Leukozyten: d0: 6900{+-}1500; d1: 8000{+-}1600; d7: 7600{+-}1400).Die mikrobiologische Analyse ergab in 12% der Faelle Haut- und Oberflaechenkeime in der postinterventionellen Blutprobe.Schlussfolgerungen Entwicklung von CRP und Leukozytenzahlen in der 1.Woche nach TIPSS koennen potenzielle Risikopatienten fuer einen komplizierten Verlauf anzeigen. (orig.)

  18. The effect of fiber treatment on abrasive wear properties of palm fiber reinforced epoxy composite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Razak, Muhammad Firdaus Abdul; Bakar, Mimi Azlina Abu; Kasolang, Salmiah; Ahmad, Mohamad Ali

    2017-12-01

    Oil palm industries generate at least 30 million tons of lignocellulosic biomass annually in the form of oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunches (EFB), oil palm fronds (OPF) and palm pressed fibres (PPF). The palm fiber is one of the natural fibers used as reinforcement in composite materials in order to decrease environmental issues and promotes utilization of renewable resources. This paper presents a study on the effect of alkaline treatment on wear properties of palm fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite. Abrasive wear testing was deployed to investigate the wear profile of the composite surfaces. Testing was carried out which focused on the effect of alkaline treatment to the palm fiber under different amounts of fiber loading i.e. 1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 7 wt%. The palm fibers were soaked into 6 % of alkaline solution or natrium hydroxide (NaOH) for 12 hours. The fiber was treated in order to remove amorphous materials such as hemicelluloses, lignins and pectins of the fiber. The wear test samples were fabricated using hand lay-up technique and cured at room temperature for 24 hours. Surface roughness of the composite material was also measured using the surface measuring instrument. Dry sliding wear test was performed at room temperature at a constant velocity of 1.4 m/s with a constant load of 10 N by using the Abrasion Test Machine. Result shows that 5 wt% and 7 wt% treated palm fiber loadings have better specific wear rate compared to lower fiber loadings. The finding of this study contributes towards material development and utilization in promoting `waste into wealth' which is in line with national aspiration.

  19. Exploring energy loss by vector flow mapping in children with ventricular septal defect: Pathophysiologic significance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Honda, Takashi; Itatani, Keiichi; Takanashi, Manabu; Kitagawa, Atsushi; Ando, Hisashi; Kimura, Sumito; Oka, Norihiko; Miyaji, Kagami; Ishii, Masahiro

    2017-10-01

    Vector flow mapping is a novel echocardiographic flow visualization method, and it has enabled us to quantitatively evaluate the energy loss in the left ventricle (intraventricular energy loss). Although intraventricular energy loss is assumed to be a part of left ventricular workload itself, it is unclear what this parameter actually represents. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the characteristics of intraventricular energy loss. We enrolled 26 consecutive children with ventricular septal defect (VSD). On echocardiography vector flow mapping, intraventricular energy loss was measured in the apical 3-chamber view. We measured peak energy loss and averaged energy loss in the diastolic and systolic phases, and subsequently compared these parameters with catheterization parameters and serum brain natrium peptide (BNP) level. Diastolic, peak, and systolic energy loss were strongly and positively correlated with right ventricular systolic pressure (r=0.76, 0.68, and 0.56, p<0.0001, = 0.0001, and 0.0029, respectively) and right ventricular end diastolic pressure (r=0.55, 0.49, and 0.49, p=0.0038, 0.0120, and 0.0111, respectively). In addition, diastolic, peak, and systolic energy loss were significantly correlated with BNP (r=0.75, 0.69 and 0.49, p<0.0001, < 0.0001, and=0.0116, respectively). In children with VSD, elevated right ventricular pressure is one of the factors that increase energy loss in the left ventricle. The results of the present study encourage further studies in other study populations to elucidate the characteristics of intraventricular energy loss for its possible clinical application. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Nitrates and nitrites intoxications’ management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Trif

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available The study pointed out the major sources for clinical and subclinical intoxications with nitrates/nitrites (drinking water and nitrates containing fertilizers, circumstances that determine fertilizers to became sources of intoxication (excessive fertilization/consecutive high level of nitrates in fodders, free access of animals to the fertilizers, administration into the diet instead of natrium chloride, factors that determine high nitrates accumulation in fodders despite optimal fertilization (factors related to the plants, soil, clime, harvest methods, storage, agrotechnical measures, nitrates/nitrites toxicity (over 45 ppm nitrates in drinking water, over 0.5 g nitrate/100 g D.M fodder/diet, the factors that influence nitrates/nitrites toxicity ( species, age, rate of feeding, diet balance especially energetically, pathological effects and symptoms (irritation and congestions on digestive tract, resulting diarrhoea, transformation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin determining severe respiratory insufficiency, vascular collapse, low blood pressure inthe acute nitrates intoxication; hypotiroidism, hypovitaminosis A, reproductive disturbances(abortion, low rate of fertility, dead born offspring, diarrhoea and/or respiratory insufficiency in new born e.g. calves, immunosuppression, decrease of milk production in chronic intoxication. There were presented some suggestions concerning management practices to limit nitrate intoxication (analyze of nitrates/nitrites in water and fodders, good management of the situation of risk ,e .g. dilution of the diet with low nitrate content fodders, feeding with balanced diet in energy, protein, minerals and vitamins, accommodation to high nitrate level diet, avoid grazing one week after a frost period, avoid feeding chop green fodders stored a couple of days, monitoring of health status of animals fed with fodders containing nitrates at risk level, a.o..

  1. Proximate composition, mineral content and functional properties of Tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus seed flour

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noorfarahzilah, M.

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Tarap seed (Artocarpus odoratissimus is one of the popular snacks among Borneo Island people especially in Sabah, Malaysia. Their flesh and seed are such a potential food source but they are not fully exploited. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine its nutritional composition, mineral content and functional properties of Tarap seed flour (TSF. The proximate analysis (protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture, minerals content and functional properties (powder particle size, bulk density, oil and water absorption capacity, emulsion capacity, foaming ability, least gelling concentration, swelling ability and pasting properties were determined. The proximate analysis results obtained showed that TSF had 49.65% carbohydrate, 15.60% crude fat, 12.3% crude fibers, 8.8% crude protein, 1.17 % ash and 12.5% moisture. Most abundant mineral found in Tarap flour was potassium, followed by magnesium, calcium, and natrium. The results showed that TSF has an average particle size of 166.02μm with low bulk density (0.57g/cm3 as compared to wheat flour. Water and oil absorption capacities of TSF were 2.61 and 1.69g/g, respectively, while the efficiency of emulsification was 14.8%. Least gelation concentration was found to be 12% while foaming ability was 7%. Swelling ability results showed a steady increment from 60°C to 70°C but sharp increased observed from 70°C to 80°C. From the results presented, it can be concluded that TSF has a great potential for use in the formulation of composite flours to be used as ingredients in the food industry.

  2. Contamination of food with residues of antibiotics in the sulphonamide class, risk can be avoided

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Lidia Chitescu,

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfadiazine are the most common usedsulfonamides in veterinary practice. The recommended withdrawal periods if not observed before slaughteringof the medicated animals, the products may obtain from such animals may be contaminated with residue. Theinterest in having reliable methods able to detect low amounts of sulfonamides in food is very actual. In thisstudy, a multiresidue analysis was performed to simultaneously determine those four sulfonamides in chickenmuscle tissue by the Waters LC.Criteria of validation: specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and linearity,according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, show that the method can detect differentkinds of sulfonamides within one run, without mass spectrometry analyses, or Fluor metric derivatization ofanalyts.The method is accurate, simple, economical in both time and cost, capable of detecting sulfonamidesresidues below the maximum residue limits (MRL and easy to perform to routine samples, in normal conditionof laboratory.The sulfonamides were extracted with acetonitrile and acetone and dichloromethane. N-hexane wasadded for defeating the sample. Separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB- C18 analytical column, using asmobile phase a mixture of 75:25 = di-natrium-hydrogenphosphat solution 6 g/1000 ml (pH = 8.5 : methanol.The detection wavelength was set at: 254 nm Calibration graphs were linear with very good correlationcoefficients in the concentration range from 0.320 to 1.5μg /mL. The limits of quantification (LOQ for thesulfonamides were in the range of 6.6–0.34 μg /kg. The recovery for spiked chicken muscle with 50–150 μg/kg ranged more than 70%. The relative standard deviation (Reds of the sulfonamides for six measurementsat 50 go/kg, 100 μg /kg and 150 μg /kg was less then 15%.The applicability of the method to the analysis of chicken muscle tissue was

  3. Methisoprinol as an immunomodulator for treating infectious mononucleosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maharani Laillyza Apriasari

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM is the self limiting disease that associated with primary Epstein Barr virus (EBV. It is a gamma herpes virus. EBV infection is follows saliva-transfer by kissing or sexual intercourse. The most clinical manifestation in IM consists mainly of the specific sign: pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathy. The main therapy is supportive treatment. Actually the antiviral therapy is required for the host with high response immune. Purpose: The aimed of this study was to report the therapy of IM using methisoprinol. Case: The woman patient, 33 years old, came to hospital by suffering pharyngitis and swolen on left neck. It had been since 3 days ago. Case management: She had come to Puskesmas that were given amoxycillin capsul 500 mg three times a day for three days and paracetamol tablet 500mg three times a day for three days, but she was still ill. Then she came to RSGM Hasan Aman Banjarmasin. She was diagnosed as IM. The instruction were isolation and bed rest for a week. She had to eat sofly and drink water highly. The therapy were amoxycillin capsul 500 mg three times a day for seven days, methisoprinol caplet 500 mg three times a day for seven days, natrium dikofenak tablet 50 mg three times a day for seven days. She was asked to see the dentist next 7 days. In this case, she were not given acyclovir. Conclusion: IM is self limiting disease. IM is the disease with spesific clinical syndrome that associated with primary EBV infection. Depend on the base of clinical experiences, the supportive treatment is adviced for patient of IM. Methisoprinol has both immunomodulator and antiviral properties.

  4. Pemurnian Minyak Ikan Patin dari Hasil Samping Pengasapan Ikan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodiah Nurbayasari

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Isi perut merupakan hasil samping pengasapan ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus yang jumlahnya mencapai 5-6%/hari dari jumlah ikan yang diasap. Jumlah hasil samping yang besar tersebut apabila tidak diolah dapat mencemari lingkungan. Masyarakat pengolah di Kabupaten Kampar, Riau telah mengekstraksi isi perut tersebut menjadi minyak ikan kasar dengan produksi 110 L/hari. Untuk itu diperlukan teknologi pemurnian yang dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi minyak ikan kasar yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemurnian minyak kasar hasil samping pengasapan ikan patin dengan menggunakan empat metode pemurnian. Masing-masing metode pemurnian tersebut memiliki perbedaan seperti konsentrasi bentonit, waktu dan suhu proses, konsentrasi NaOH pada proses netralisasi, dan penggunaan asam sitrat atau natrium klorida pada proses degumming. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah dua jenis minyak ikan patin kasar yaitu hasil ekstraksi isi perut ikan patin dengan pengukusan dan hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan. Sebelum dan setelah dimurnikan, minyak ikan dianalisis bilangan asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iodin, warna, dan profil asam lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dengan pengukusan yang dimurnikan menggunakan metode I, terjadi penurunan nilai asam lemak bebas sebesar 50,79%; peroksida sebesar 23,75%; dan peningkatan angka iodin 20,99%. Sedangkan pada minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan yang telah dimurnikan menggunakan metode II terjadi penurunan nilai asam lemak bebas sebesar 50,30%; peroksida 49,77%; dan peningkatan angka iodin 30,92% Pemurnian minyak ikan patin terbaik dihasilkan dari minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan pengukusan yang dimurnikan dengan metode I dan minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan yang dimurnikan dengan metode II karena telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh International Association of Fish Meal Manufactures, International Fish Oil Standard, dan standar

  5. OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BUBUK OLEORESIN LADA (Piper nigrum MELALUI PROSES EMULSIFIKASI DAN MIKROENKAPSULASI (Optimization Process Production Powder of Oleoresin Pepper (Piper nigrum by Process of Emulsification and Microencapsulation

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    Firdaus Syafi'i

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to improve the quality of pepper product by optimize process of emulsification and microencapsulation. The experimental design used in this study was Response Surface Methodology (RSM. The results showed that the selected emulsifier was arabic gum that had the highest solubility in water (99.78%. The optimum point of emulsification occured at 15% of concentration arabic gum and 4 minutes of homogenization time with the result was solubility in water 99.80%, and emulsion stability 97.78%. The optimum point of microencapsulation process occured at 3:1 of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate ratio, 10% of coating material concentration, and 180°C of drying temperature with the result was essential oil content 1.04%, solubility in water 98.18%, surface oil 0.20%, water content 2.45%, oil recovery 77.07%, and the yield of microcapsule 69.87% Keywords: Pepper oleoresin, RSM, emulsification, microencapsulation ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas mutu produk oleoresin lada melalui optimasi proses emulsifikasi dan mikroenkapsulasi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Response Surface Methodology (RSM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan pengemulsi yang terpilih adalah gum arab yang memiliki kelarutan tertinggi dalam air (99,78%. Titik optimum proses emulsifikasi terjadi pada konsentrasi gum arab 15% dan lama homogenisasi 4 menit yang memberikan nilai kelarutan dalam air 99,80% dan stabilitas emulsi 97,15%. Titik optimum proses mikroenkapsulasi terjadi pada rasio maltodekstrin dan natrium kaseinat (3:1, konsentrasi bahan penyalut 10%, dan suhu inlet pengeringan 180°C yang memberikan nilai kadar minyak atsiri 1,04%, kelarutan dalam air 98,18%, kadar surface oil 0,20%, kadar air 2,45%, oil recovery 77,07%, dan rendemen 69,87% Kata kunci: Oleoresin lada, RSM, emulsifikasi, mikroenkapsulasi

  6. Compare Of the West Syndrome with Other Syndromes in the Epileptic Encephalopathy - Kosovo Experience

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    Zeka, Naim; Gërguri, Abdurrahim; Bejiqi, Ramush; Retkoceri, Ragip; Vuciterna, Armend

    2017-01-01

    BACKGROUND: West Syndrome (WS) represents as a specific epileptic encephalopathy characterised with a unique type of attacks, called infantile spasms, severe forms of abnormalities in electroencephalographic (EEG) records as a hypsarythmias and delays in the psychomotoric development. The characteristics of the disease, mostly affecting male gender, are infantile spasms and typical findings in EEG as a hypsarythmia. Infantile spasms are a consequence of many factors in the undeveloped brain. AIM: We aimed: (1) to see the incidence of the illness and the spreading out because of gender in rapport with other syndromes in the epileptic encephalopathies group; (2) to show principles of the treatment for the illness; and (3) to present the effects of the disease in the psycho-motoric development of affected children. METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study of the patients with epileptic encephalopathies, treated in Paediatric Clinic in Prishtina, from 1st of January 2013 until the 31st of December 2015. RESULTS: From the cohort group of 97 children diagnosed with epileptic encephalopathies, in 14 of them clinical and EEG signs of WS were noted. The earliest age of disease manifestation was 74 days (± 63.8 days). On the group of children with WS, 13 of them with Natrium Valpropat were treated, with the doses of 301.9 mg (± 64.1). From the cohort group, in 89 children (91.8%) psychomotoric retardation was documented, within the higher reoccurrence in the undifferentiated epileptic encephalopathies (96%) and the WS (78.6%). CONCLUSION: WS is a frequent disease of the encephalopathies with the epileptogenic framework. The resistance in anticonvulsive therapy is huge, and psychomotoric retardation follows a big percentage of children with this syndrome. PMID:29362620

  7. Desain Pabrik Sodium Karbonat Dari CO2 Flue Gas Pabrik Semen

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    Muhammad Fadlan Minallah

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Dengan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan energi di Indonesia selama beberapa tahunn terakhir ini, semakin juga meningkatkan bertambahnya gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan. Gas rumah kaca (GRK yang terdiri dari CO2, CH4, N2O, HCFC, dan CFC serta uap air (H2O, dimana yang menjadi sumber utama terjadinya pemasan global. Terutama pada pabrik yang menghasilkan GRK itu sendiri selama proses produksi, seperti pabrik semen 15.107.267 ton, pabrik produksi kapur 3.688.147 ton, dan pabrik kaca/gelas 170.000 ton. Prospek soda abu (nama pasar sodium karbonat di Indonesia masih dalam kondisi baik karena kebutuhan komoditas ini semakin bertambah dengan rate 3,4% pertahun untuk industri kapur, industri gelas, dan industri keramik. Selama ini kebutuhan soda abu di Indonesia masih dipenuhi dengan adanya impor dari negara lain, karena belum adanya produsen natrium karbonat di dalam negeri yang menjadikan komoditas ini sebagai produk utama dari pabriknya. Pabrik ini direncanakan akan didirikan di Kabupaten Tuban, JawaTimur dengan estimasi waktu mulai produksi pada tahun 2017. Penentuan lokasi pabrik berdasarkan pada sumber bahan baku. Hal ini karena bahan baku yang digunakan adalah flue gas dari pabrik semen. Untuk menemuhi kebutuhan akan sodium karbonat kapasitas produk sodium karbonat ini sebesar 86,37 ton/jam. Pabrik beroperasi selama 24 jam per hari dengan hari kerja 330 hari per tahun. Proses pembuatan soda abu dengan proses karbonasi terdiri dari empat unit proses, yaitu dust removal unit, absorption unit, crystalization unit, dan soda ash unit. Dari analisa perhitungan ekonomi didapat Investasi Rp79.285.526.850, IRR sebesar 26%, POT selama 4,39 tahun, dan NPV positif 15 tahun sebesar Rp589.068.911.634. Umur dari pabrik ini diperkirakan selama 15 tahun dengan masa periode pembangunannya selama 2 tahun di mana operasi pabrik ini 330 hari/tahun.

  8. REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION WITH SMOOTHIE BANANA (MUSA PARADISIACA

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    Eni Puji Lestari

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Hypertension is a major problem that often happen in Indonesia. Hypertension can cause many complications. In Indonesia almost patients with hypertension got farmacologic therapy, but there is no difference. Banana smoothie is one of nonfarmacologic therapy that can be used to lower blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of banana smoothie on regulation in patients with primary hypertension. Method: This study used quasy experimental design. The population in this study were patients with primary hypertension in Kedungturi village Taman Sidoarjo. The sampling technique used nonprobability sampling type of purposive sampling. The total number of sample were 16 respondents who were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result:The Result of paired t-test at the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in experiment group showed p value = 0.000. Independent t test between experiment group post-test and control group post-test showed p value = 0.000 for systolic blood pressure and p value = 0.002 for diastolic blood pressure. This result showed that there was a difference value of pretest and post-test systolic and diastolic blood pressure. With the result of independen t-test we know that there is a difference value between exsperiment and control blood pressure. Discussion: This study explain that there was significant effect of banana smoothie to regulate blood pressure in patients with primary hypertention. Banana smoothie can regulate the blood pressure because of high kalium substance. The function of kalium is to reduce the effect of natrium so the blood pressure can down. It can be conclude that banana smoothie can regulate the blood pressure in patients with primary hypertention. In further day patients with hypertension can choose banana smoothie to regulate their blood pressure.

  9. [Percentage of uric acid calculus and its metabolic character in Dongjiang River valley].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chong, Hong-Heng; An, Geng

    2009-02-15

    To study the percentage of uric acid calculus in uroliths and its metabolic character in Dongjiang River valley. To analyze the chemical composition of 290 urinary stones by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and study the ratio changes of uric acid calculus. Uric acid calculus patients and healthy people were studied. Personal characteristics, dietary habits were collected. Conditional logistic regression was used for data analysis and studied the dietary risk factors of uric acid calculus. Patients with uric acid calculus, calcium oxalate and those without urinary calculus were undergone metabolic evaluation analysis. The results of uric acid calculus patients compared to another two groups to analysis the relations between the formation of uric acid calculus and metabolism factors. Uric acid calculi were found in 53 cases (18.3%). The multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that low daily water intake, eating more salted and animal food, less vegetable were very closely associated with uric acid calculus. Comparing to calcium oxalate patients, the urine volume, the value of pH, urine calcium, urine oxalic acid were lower, but uric acid was higher than it. The value of pH, urine oxalic acid and citric acid were lower than them, but uric acid and urine calcium were higher than none urinary calculus peoples. Blood potassium and magnesium were lower than them. The percentage of uric acid stones had obvious advanced. Less daily water intake, eating salted food, eating more animal food, less vegetables and daily orange juice intake, eating sea food are the mainly dietary risk factors to the formation of uric acid calculus. Urine volume, the value of pH, citric acid, urine calcium, urine uric acid and the blood natrium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, uric acid have significant influence to the information of uric acid stones.

  10. Inhibition of K+ transport through Na+, K+-ATPase by capsazepine: role of membrane span 10 of the α-subunit in the modulation of ion gating.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahmmoud, Yasser A; Shattock, Michael; Cornelius, Flemming; Pavlovic, Davor

    2014-01-01

    Capsazepine (CPZ) inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated K+-dependent ATP hydrolysis with no effect on Na+-ATPase activity. In this study we have investigated the functional effects of CPZ on Na+,K+-ATPase in intact cells. We have also used well established biochemical and biophysical techniques to understand how CPZ modifies the catalytic subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase. In isolated rat cardiomyocytes, CPZ abolished Na+,K+-ATPase current in the presence of extracellular K+. In contrast, CPZ stimulated pump current in the absence of extracellular K+. Similar conclusions were attained using HEK293 cells loaded with the Na+ sensitive dye Asante NaTRIUM green. Proteolytic cleavage of pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase indicated that CPZ stabilizes ion interaction with the K+ sites. The distal part of membrane span 10 (M10) of the α-subunit was exposed to trypsin cleavage in the presence of guanidinum ions, which function as Na+ congener at the Na+ specific site. This effect of guanidinium was amplified by treatment with CPZ. Fluorescence of the membrane potential sensitive dye, oxonol VI, was measured following addition of substrates to reconstituted inside-out Na+,K+-ATPase. CPZ increased oxonol VI fluorescence in the absence of K+, reflecting increased Na+ efflux through the pump. Surprisingly, CPZ induced an ATP-independent increase in fluorescence in the presence of high extravesicular K+, likely indicating opening of an intracellular pathway selective for K+. As revealed by the recent crystal structure of the E1.AlF4-.ADP.3Na+ form of the pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase, movements of M5 of the α-subunit, which regulate ion selectivity, are controlled by the C-terminal tail that extends from M10. We propose that movements of M10 and its cytoplasmic extension is affected by CPZ, thereby regulating ion selectivity and transport through the K+ sites in Na+,K+-ATPase.

  11. UJI EFEK ANALGETIKA EKSTRAK BUAH KAKTUS (Opuntia elatior Mill. PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus YANG DIINDUKSI ASAM ASETAT

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    Gissa Amellia

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Pain is a mechanism of body defense. One way to allay or decreasing the pain is using medicines that have analgetic effect. The aim of this study is determine the analgetic effect of cactus fruits (Opuntia elatior Mill. extract and the most effective dose to giving analgetic effect. This study used writhing method by the injection acetic acid 1% as induced. Group I as a negative control used natrium carboxy methylcellulose 1%, group II as a positive control used aspirin suspension which dosage was 1,3 mg/20g BB, group III as a extract of cactus fruits give to dose 50 mg/kg BB, group IV dose 100 mg/kg BB, and group V dose 150 mg/kg BB. The result shows that cactus fruits extract to giving analgetic effect judging from the reduction strength writhing reflex to protection percentage at dose 50 mg/kg BB (11,26%, 100 mg/kg BB (42,10%, 150 mg/kg BB(60,14% and the positif control (75,34%, at the positif control shows that higher protection percentage. Effectiveness percentage analgetic extract of cactus fruits at dose of 50 mg/kg BB (14,4%, 100 mg/kg BB (55,36%, 150 mg/kg BB (79,95% and positif control (100%. The data which is got from the calculation later is analyzed by Kruskal Wallis. The result showed that at dose of 150 mg/kg BB is p: 0,016 (p<0,05 when compared with the positive control. So that is different significantly between dose 150 mg/kg BB and the positive control. The extract showed a optimal analgetic effect characterized by a significant reduction in the number of writhes or abdominal stretches in mice with dose 150 mg/kg BB body weight used when compared to the cactus fruits extract dose 50 and 100 mg/kg BB

  12. Results of research in the area of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. Part 5.

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    KARPOV Alexey Ivanovich

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available To popularize scientific achievements in construction the main results of Russian and foreign scientists’ research are published in the form of abstract. These are main results of the research «Polymer construction nanocomposites based on polyvinylchloride»: technological recommendations on the use of multilayer carbon nanotubes, silicagel functionalized with the sulfur and silica sol in receipts of shape-moulded PVC-products for construction industry which allow increasing strength by 12–25%, thermal stability by 35–50% and decreasing melt viscosity (the factor increases 2–5 times; receipts and technology for production of high-filled construction composites based on PVC functionalized with silica sol and wood flour with population up to 68 mass.% when molding index is increased 12 times and thermal stability is increased by 60%. The specialists may be interested in the results of the following research: – I.S. Maeva «Modification of anhydride compositions with ultra- and nanodispersed additives»; – E.G. Chebotareva «Nanomodified composites of construction purpose with the use of epoxy resin»; – A.A. Volodchenko «Non-autoclave silicate materials with the use of natural nanodispersed raw materials»; – O.V. Popkova «Production and properties of metal-containing nanoparticles (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ce, Cd, Pd, Ag, Mo, stabilized by nanodiamond of denotational synthesis and high pressure polyethylene»; – M.A. Fronya «Complex study of mechanical properties and structure of polymer composite materials with carbon modification fillers: nanotubes and ultradispersed diamonds»; – M.S. Babaeva «Production and study of nanoparticles of polymer-colloid complexes based on polymers of N,N-diallyl-N,N-chloride dimethylammonium and natrium dodecylsulfate». Published materials can be used by the specialists in their scientific and practical activities in construction, housing and communal services as well as in the joint economical

  13. Konseling gizi dan pengaruhnya terhadap asupan zat gizi dan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

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    Suwarni Suwarni

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Background : Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases that can be an important public health challenge. The causes of hypertension are high consumption of salt and fat, obesity, stress, age, sex, family history, smoking, and consumption of alcoholic drinks. The prevalence of hypertension in the world, Asia, and Indonesia are 15-20%, 8-18%, and 1,8-28,6%, respectively. The solution to this problem is not only depend on drugs but also counseling through leaflet as the process of assisting clients in facing the problem of hypertension. Objectives : To know the effect of nutrition counseling on nutrition intake and blood pressure of hypertension outpatients at local hospital of the Province of Southeast Sulawesi.  Methods : The study was quasi experimental with pre- and post-control design. Samples were divided into 2 groups; intervention group was given nutrition counseling and leaflet and the second (control was only given leaflet. Samples were hypertension outpatients who fulfilled inclusions and exclusions criteria, and there were 25 samples per group. Data of nutrient intake were processed using Nutrisurvey. Chi-square test was used to identify the difference between the intervention group and the control group; whereas t-test was used to identify independent as well as dependent variables. Results : There were no significant differences in intake of fat, natrium, potassium, and magnesium between the intervention group and control group (p > 0.05; but there were differences between them at the end of study (p 0.05; however, at the end of study there was difference between them (p < 0.05. Conclusion : Nutrition counseling could improve nutrition intake and blood pressure of hypertension outpatients at local hospital of the Province of Southeast Sulawesi.

  14. HUBUNGAN ASUPAN NATRIUM, FREKUENSI DAN DURASI AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA BUDI SEJAHTERA DAN BINA LARAS BUDI LUHUR KOTA BANJARBARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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    Rijanti Abdurrachim

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Elderly tends to face health problems caused by a decrease in body functions due to aging. One of the most health problems experienced by elderly is in cardiovascular system like hypertension. Factors influenced blood pressures are overweight, less physical activity, and eating high sodium foods. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sodium intake, frequency and duration of physical activity to blood pressure of elderly at Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera and Bina Laras Budi Luhur nursing homes in Banjarbaru. This research used cross sectional design. Pearson test were applied (α = 0.05. This study involved 65 elderly aged 60-74 years, 28 males (43% and 37 females (57%. Data were collected using questionnaires. Nutrient contents were obtained using 1x24 hour food recall for 2 days included weekend. The result of Pearson test indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between sodium intake with systolic (p <0.05 and diastolic (p <0.05 levels. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the frequency of physical activity with systolic (p < 0.05 and diastolic (p <0.05 levels; there was a significant negative correlation between physical activity duration and sistolic blood pressure (p<0.05. However, there was no significant correlation between physical activity duration and diastolic blood pressure. It was suggested that health workers should improve health promotion program using posters and do counseling about healthy lifestyles, i.e. suggesting people to avoid high sodium foods and do physical activity regularly.

  15. Evaluation of diet quality indicators in adults

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    Katarína Fatrcová-Šramková

    2013-11-01

    Recommended Dietary Allowance levels, i.e. ³RDA. Blood samples from peripheral blood were taken after all-night starvation and then analyzed by using Reflotron (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany. The data from nutritional intake and biochemical parameters were analyzed using t-test and chi-quadrat-test. The normal cholesterolaemia occured in 47% (thr first group Without risk, and 53% of the examined participants (the second group Risk were classified with risky cholesterol values (5 mmol.l-1 and more. Among the subjects with hypercholesterolaemia they had 27% higher values of triglycerides (1.9 mmol.l-1 and more, while in the rest of set there were only 14% characterized with hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The probands with the negative high cholesterol level in blood had significantly higher triacylglycerolaemia (P In case of Healthy Eating Index the most participants met the criterion only for one recommendation (41%, and fifth of volunteers fulfilled two recommendation altogether. Taking into account all parameters the probands met cholesterol in diet (56% best, less saturated fat (35%, total fat (24%, and at least sodium intake (9%. Within Healthy Diet Indicator there were recorded fulfillments: for cholesterol in 56%, for saturated fatty acids in 35%, for protein in 32%, for fiber in 22%, and for polyunsaturated fatty acids in 17%. From five criteria there was met only one recommendation of 36% of subjects, 17% achieved two fulfillments, and other 17% three ones. Evaluation of Diet Quality Index recorded that the following order of recommendation fulfillment was obtained: cholesterol (56 % > calcium (44 % > saturated fat (35 % > total fat (24 % > natrium (9 %. Only one fulfillment reached 37 %, two recommendations met 27 %, and three 14 %. From all three considered indicators the recommendation for cholesterol intake was met most (by 56% probands, worst for total fat (24%, fiber (22%, polyunsaturated fat (17%, and  natrium (9%. In conclusion, this study

  16. Effect of pH grade on polymer-gel dosimeter and its brachytherapy application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spevacek, V.; Hrbacek, J.; Dvorak, P.; Cechak, T.; Novotny, J.

    2003-01-01

    To evaluate impact of pH grade on characteristics of polymer-gel dosimeter and its application in dose distribution verification in brachytherapy. A polymer-gel dosimeter based on radiation induced polymerization and crosslinking of acrylic monomers (acrylic acid, N,N' methylen-bis-acrylamide) was investigated with respect to its pH grade. pH grade of a dosimeter was varied by concentration of natrium hydroxide. Afterwards, dosimeter was split into several samples which were uniformly irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays. The range of doses applied was usually from 0 to 50 Gy with the main interest in region up to 20 Gy. Evaluation of dosimeter dose response was performed using MRI (T2). Dose response curves obtained were evaluated with respect to pH grade as a parameter. In parallel, there was studied temperature resistance (melting temperature) of gels with various pH grade. pH grade modified polymer-gel dosimeter was then used to compare dose distribution calculated with brachytherapy treatment planning system for simple irradiation geometry with Ir-192 HDR source. Additionaly, Monte Carlo calculated data were also included in the brachytherapy study. There was observed effect of pH grade on dose-response curve parameters (slope of linear fit, background response, linear range and maximum measurable dose). In general, the lower pH grade the higher sensitivity. Another positive effect of decreased pH grade is significantly higher maximum measurable dose. Maximum melting temperature of a gel was observed with pH grade between 3.5 and 4. For both higher and lower pH grades the melting temperature was lower. Using pH modified polymer-gel dosimeter simple brachytherapy dose distribution was measured and compared with calculated and Monte Carlo simulated data. There was observed strong dependence of dose-response relationship on pH grade of polymer-gel dosimeter resulting in significant improvement of dosimeter characteristics, namely sensitivity, applicable range of

  17. Kajian Termodinamika Adsorpsi Hibrida Merkapto-Silika dari Abu Sekam Padi Terhadap Ion Co(II

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    Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang kajian termodinamika adsorpsi hibrida merkapto-silika dari abu sekam padi terhadap ion Co(II. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi hibrida merkapto-silika (HMS dan silika gel (SG terhadap ion Co(II. Pada penelitian ini, silika gel dibuat menggunakan natrium silikat dari abu sekam padi. Selanjutnya, senyawa organik 3-(trimetoksisilil-1-propantiol diimobilisasi pada SG menghasilkan HMS. Adsorben dikarakterisasi menggunakan difraktometer sinar-X dan spektrofotometer FTIR. Larutan Co(II kemudian dikontakkan dengan SG dan HMS pada variasi pH, waktu, dan konsentrasi awal. Hasil penelitian kapasitas adsorpsi yang diperoleh HMS hampir tiga kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan SG, dengan besarnya kapasitas adsorpsi masing-masing yaitu 250,00 mg/g dan 90,91 mg/g. Sedangkan energi adsorpsi yang diperoleh adalah 51,69 KJ/mol untuk SG, dan 23,65 KJ/mol untuk HMS.Kata kunci : sekam padi, hibrida merkapto-silika, adsorpsi, ion Co(IIAbstractA research on the study of the thermodynamics of adsorption mercapto-silica hybrid from rice husk ash to the ions Co (II has been done. This study aims to determine capacity and energy adsorption of hybrid mercapto-silica (HMS and silica gel (SG to the ions Co (II . In this study, silica gel was made using sodium silicate from rice husk ash. Furthermore, the organic compound 3-(trimethoxysilil -1-prophantiol immobilized on SG to HMS produced. Adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectrophotometer. Solution of Co (II is then contacted with the SG and HMS at the variation of pH, time , and initial concentration. The results obtained by HMS adsorption capacity is almost three times larger than the SG, the magnitude of adsorption capacity of each is 250.00 mg / g and 90.91 mg / g . While the adsorption energy obtained is 51.69 KJ / mol for SG , and 23.65 KJ / mol for HMS.Keywords : rice husk, mercapto-silica hybrid , adsorption

  18. EVALUASI IN VITRO TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT ASAL AIR SUSU IBU UNTUK MENGASIMILASI KOLESTEROL DAN MENDEKONJUGASI GARAM EMPEDU [In Vitro Evaluation of Cholesterol Assimilation and Bile Salt Deconjugation by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Breast Milk

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    Lilis Nuraida1,2*

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in many countries. Several studies have shown that reduction of excessive levels of cholesterol in the blood decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to develop ways of reducing serum cholesterol. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, some of lactic acid bacteria (LAB having potential probiotic properties can reduce total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of LAB isolated from breast milk in reducing cholesterol by assimilation and by bile salt deconjugation activity in vitro.Thirteen strains of LABs were evaluated for their acid and bile salt resistance and selected to test their ability to assimilate cholesterol and to deconjugate bile salt (natrium taurocholate in vitro. Cholesterol assimilation activity was determined by measuring the difference between the remaining cholesterol in broth medium inoculated with LAB with cholesterol in control after incubation. Bile salt deconjugation activity was determined by measuring free cholic acid released in broth medium after incubation with LAB. The results shows that most of the isolates was susceptible to low pH and all isolates used were able to survive in the presence of 0.5% bile salt. The LAB were also able to assimilate cholesterol at varying levels ranging from 0.86-14.97 µg/ml, with the highest activity showed by Pediococcus pentosaceus 1-A38, Pediococcus pentosaceus 2-B2 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 2-A16. Taurocholate deconjugation assay showed that the isolates have weak bile salts deconjugation activity as indicated by free cholic acid released ranging from 0.06-0.25 µmol/ml, with the highest release in Pediococcus pentosaceus 1-A38 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 1-A22. The present study suggest that Pediococcus pentosaceus 1-A38 was potential for the development of probiotic products with

  19. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CdS in a Laboratory and Industrial Mill

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    Eberhard Gock

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Nanocrystalline materials have been of interest of more than 20 years and this interest is still increasing. The preparation and characterization of different chalcogenides have attracted a considerable attention due to their important nonlinear properties, luminiscent properties and other important physical and chemical properties. The main cause is in their unusual properties based on the high concentration of atoms in interfacial structures and the relatively simple ways of their preparation. Nanoparticles of semiconductors have many potential applications in the area of advanced materials. These materials can be synthesized via solid state reactions where the recovery degree can be strongly enhanced by the intervention of mechanical activation. Mechanochemical synthesis belongs among the synthesis route which can effectively control and regulate the course of solid state reactions.This paper describes structural and surface properties of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles synthesized in a planetary mill and in an eccentric vibratory mill. The main aim of this paper was to illustrate the potential of this technique for the large-scale production of CdS nanopowder.CdS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the mechanochemical route from the cadmium acetate and natrium sulphide. Structure properties of the as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the crystalline nature of CdS nanoparticles. Hexagonal ƒ¿-CdS greenockite together with cubic hawleyite ƒÀ-CdS are present among the products of mechanochemical synthesis. The methods of SEM, particle size analysis and low temperature nitrogen sorption were used to analyze the surface composition. The SEM measurements show the aggregates of small nanocrystals in which particle sizes of 5-9 nm were estimated by ScherrerLs formula.The cadmium sulphide nanoparticles are obtained in the simple step, making the process attractive for

  20. [Nocturnal polyuria, treatment with desmopressin].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zachoval, R; Krhut, J; Šottner, O; Hanuš, T; Martan, A; Horčička, L; Feyereisl, J; Halaška, M; Švabík, K; Krofta, L

    2013-08-01

    Nonpharmacologic and especially pharmacologic treatment options are available for nocturnal polyuria. Desmopressin represents the basis of pharmacologic treatment. Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic analogue of arginine vasopressin with high affinity to V2 receptors with antidiuretic effect. It is the only medicament currently registered for antidiuretic treatment. Desmopressin has not any relevant affinity to V1 receptors, and therefore there is no hypertensive effect in contrary to natural vasopressin. Desmopressin use before a bedtime leads to reduced production of urine during a sleep, therefore time between desires to void is prolonged and number of nocturia is reduced. Clinical effect, in a meaning of reduced urine production and increased osmolality of urine, lasts approximately 8-12 hours. In the treatment of nocturnal polyuria desmopressin is used orally one hour before a bedtime. It is essential to titrate an ideal dose, the initial dose is 60 µg of MELT formula (fast melting oral formulation) and it can be increased according to the clinical effect up to the maximal recommended daily dose 240 µg. Patients treated with desmopressin should cut down a fluid intake 1 hour before and 8 hours after the use of desmopressin. Total number of adverse events connected withdesmopressin treatment in clinical studies was higher compared to placebo but the side effects were mostly mild. The most common adverse events were headaches, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dry mouth and hyponatremia both in the short-term and long-term clinical trials. Hyponatremia was observed mainly in patients over 65 year of age. Therefore treatment with desmopressin should not be commended in patients over 65 year of age without close monitoring of the natrium level in serum and all patients should be informed about the first symptoms of hyponatremia - headache, nausea and insomnia. According to Evidence Based Medicine, the level of evidence for treatment of nocturnal polyuria with

  1. Inhibition of K+ transport through Na+, K+-ATPase by capsazepine: role of membrane span 10 of the α-subunit in the modulation of ion gating.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yasser A Mahmmoud

    Full Text Available Capsazepine (CPZ inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated K+-dependent ATP hydrolysis with no effect on Na+-ATPase activity. In this study we have investigated the functional effects of CPZ on Na+,K+-ATPase in intact cells. We have also used well established biochemical and biophysical techniques to understand how CPZ modifies the catalytic subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase. In isolated rat cardiomyocytes, CPZ abolished Na+,K+-ATPase current in the presence of extracellular K+. In contrast, CPZ stimulated pump current in the absence of extracellular K+. Similar conclusions were attained using HEK293 cells loaded with the Na+ sensitive dye Asante NaTRIUM green. Proteolytic cleavage of pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase indicated that CPZ stabilizes ion interaction with the K+ sites. The distal part of membrane span 10 (M10 of the α-subunit was exposed to trypsin cleavage in the presence of guanidinum ions, which function as Na+ congener at the Na+ specific site. This effect of guanidinium was amplified by treatment with CPZ. Fluorescence of the membrane potential sensitive dye, oxonol VI, was measured following addition of substrates to reconstituted inside-out Na+,K+-ATPase. CPZ increased oxonol VI fluorescence in the absence of K+, reflecting increased Na+ efflux through the pump. Surprisingly, CPZ induced an ATP-independent increase in fluorescence in the presence of high extravesicular K+, likely indicating opening of an intracellular pathway selective for K+. As revealed by the recent crystal structure of the E1.AlF4-.ADP.3Na+ form of the pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase, movements of M5 of the α-subunit, which regulate ion selectivity, are controlled by the C-terminal tail that extends from M10. We propose that movements of M10 and its cytoplasmic extension is affected by CPZ, thereby regulating ion selectivity and transport through the K+ sites in Na+,K+-ATPase.

  2. Conversion developments in Alatau joint stock company

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zyuzko, A.

    1996-01-01

    To solve this situation it is necessary to organize manufacturing of marketable products at the enterprise but implementation of this goal requires investments allocations. In the frames of international cooperation we submit the following three projects: o modernization of construction and development of new modifications of electric stimulator of alimentary canal; o development and bringing into production of GSA-1 welding-gas generator installation; o development and bringing to a commercial level production of thermal elements for refrigerator devices, production of consumer's cooling devices; 1. Electric stimulator of alimentary canal (ESAC) is a medical a new level micro equipment, it was awarded diploma and medals of international exhibitions, including Medicine-92. ESAC is designed for electronic pulse stimulation of alimentary canal to restore its motor-evacuation activity. ESAC is the first among new devices which allows to make effective correction and activation of a number of degrading systems of human body without medicines, injures, a patient may stay at home and himself determine necessity of ESAC usage. 2. GSA-1 welding - gas generator installation uses ecologically safe power supply, that is hydrogen-oxygen produced by water electrolysing by caustic natrium or Potassium what excludes usage of calcium carbide and technical oxygen in gas-bags. The installation operates at 220 V voltage, frequency of 50 cycles/second, power supply 4 kw, its size is 865 sub x sub 728, weight - 75 kg. GSA-1 is designated for welding, cutting, soldering of steel and non-ferrous metals of the width to 4 mim. 3. Mastering of production of freon-free refrigerator installations based on thermoelectric transformers. The objective of the project is to master production and to manufacture consumers thermoelectric refrigerator-devices, conditioners, automobile bags-refrigerators. The main element vices, conditioners, automobile bags-refrigerators. The main element of all these

  3. Changes in blood morphology and chosen biochemical parameters in ultra-marathon runners during a 100-km run in relation to the age and speed of runners

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zbigniew Jastrzębski

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: The objective of the study was to reveal morphology, electrolyte and chosen biochemical parameters in terms of health risk in runners in reference to their age and running speed in the case of running a distance of 100 km, which occur after 12 h or 24 h of recovery. Material and Methods: Fourteen experienced, male, amateur, ultra-marathon runners, divided into two age and two speed groups took part in the 100-km run. Blood samples for analyses indexes were collected from the ulnar vein just before the run, after 25 km, 50 km, 75 km and 100 km, as well as 12 h and 24 h after termination of the run. Results: The sustained ultramarathon run along with the distance covered (p < 0.05 caused an increase in myoglobin (max 90-fold, bilirubin (max 2.8-fold and total antioxidant status (max 1.15-fold, which also continued during the recovery. Significant changes in the number of white blood cells were observed with each sequential course and could be associated with muscle damage. The electrolyte showed changes towards slight hyperkalemia, but no changes in natrium and calcium concentrations. There were no significant differences between the age and speed groups for all the parameters after completing the 100-km run as well as after 12 h and 24 h of recovery. Conclusions: Considering changes in blood morphology and chosen biochemical parameters in ultra-marathon runners during a 100-km run it can be stated that such an exhausting effort may be dangerous for human health due to metabolic changes and large damage to the organs. Negative metabolic changes are independent of age of an ultramarathon runner and occur both in younger (32±5.33 years and older participants (50.56±9.7 years. It can be concluded that organ damage and negative metabolic changes during a 100-km run occur similarly in participants less experienced as well as in well trained runners. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5:801–814

  4. Hyponatraemia/Hyponatriämie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peri A

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Hyponatriämie ist die häufigste Elektrolytstörung bei hospitalisierten Patienten und stellt ein wichtiges klinisches und soziales Problem dar. Sie kann vor allem in akuten und schweren Fällen einen lebensbedrohenden Zustand darstellen und wurde mit einem erhöhten Mortalitätsrisiko in Verbindung gebracht. Rezente Evidenz zeigt jedoch, dass auch milde und chronische Hyponatriämie den Gesundheitsstatus negativ beeinflussen kann. Sie verursacht z. B. Gangstörungen, Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite, Stürze und damit verbunden Frakturen sowie Knochenmasseverlust. Viele unterschiedliche Erkrankungen sind mit Hyponatriämie assoziiert. Sie kann, basierend auf der Osmolalitätsmessung, in hypertone, isotone oder hypotone Formen unterteilt werden. Aufmerksamkeit sollte immer der Beurteilung des Flüssigkeitsvolumens geschenkt werden, das zusammen mit den Laborergebnissen von entscheidender Bedeutung für das diagnostische Work-up ist. Eine korrekte Diagnose ist Voraussetzung für eine passende Behandlung. Isotone oder hypertone Salzlösungen werden bei hypovolämischer bzw. normovolämischer/ hypervolämischer Hyponatriämie eingesetzt. Flüssigkeitsrestriktion wird generell bei asymptomatischer normovolämischer/hypervolämischer Hyponatriämie eingesetzt, obwohl ihre Wirksamkeit eher beschränkt ist. Vasopressin- Rezeptorantagonisten, auch bekannt als Vaptane, stellen eine neue Behandlungsoption zur Korrektur der Hyponatriämie dar. Vaptane verhindern die Reabsorption von freiem Wasser und steigern das Urinvolumen durch Blockade der Bindung von Vasopressin an V2-Rezeptoren, die in renalen Sammelkanalzellen exprimiert werden. Daher sollten sie im Fall einer hypovolämischen Hyponatriämie nicht eingesetzt werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Vaptane das Serum-Natrium bei normo- und hypervolämischer Hyponatriämie effektiv korrigieren können. Während in den USA Tolvaptan und Conivaptan für die Behandlung sowohl der normovolämischen als auch der

  5. The unknown super-store. Socium-sulphur batteries are an interesting option for stationary power storage; Der verkannte Superspeicher. Natrium-Schwefel-Akkus sind eine interessante Option fuer die stationaere Speicherung von Strom

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Welter, Philippe

    2010-12-15

    Sodium-sulphur batteries were originally developed for driving electric automobiles. Engineers were enthusiastic about their excellent storage density, which is better than that of any modern lithium battery. However, low power density and high vibration sensitivity made it impossible to use them in mobile applications. In stationary applications, however, their full capacity can be utilized.

  6. QUANTIFICATION OF Salmonella Typhimurium REDUCTION DURING COLD STORAGE OF RAW SHRIMPS IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM METABISULFITE [Kuantifikasi Reduksi Salmonella Typhimurium pada Udang Segar selama Penyimpanan Dingin dengan Penambahan Natrium Metabisulfit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andiarto Yanuardi3

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Prediction of bacterial growth, survival or reduction in food matrices is needed for microbiological risk assessment. The survival of Salmonella Typhimurium on surfaces of raw shrimps at low temperature was studied, in the presence of sodium metabisulfite which is often used to prevent melanosis. The growth and/or reduction rates were quantified using DMFit software with Baranyi model and or linear model. The result showed that without sodium metabisulfite (control, when the initial level was high (105 CFU/ml, S. Typhimurium grew with a lag phase of 51.99±7.46 h and a growth rate of 0.01±0.002 log CFU.ml-1.h-1 on raw shrimps during storage at 8±2°C. When 1.5% (w/w sodium metabisulfite, a maximum level that often used to prevent melanosis, was added under the same condition, the number of S. Typhimurium was reduced for 5 log CFU/ml after 5 days, with a reduction rate of -0.03±0.001 log CFU.ml-1.h-1. This study indicated that Baranyi model can be used to predict the growth of S. Typhimurium on raw shrimp at low temperature, when sodium metabisulfite is absent. However, when sodium metabisulfite is present, at least 0.4% as found in this study, the reduction of S. Typhimurium can be predicted using a simple linear model.

  7. PEMBUATAN ELEKTRODA KARBON BERPORI DARI TEMPURUNG KEMIRI DAN PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE SISTEM CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION (CDI UNTUK DESALINASI AIR PAYAU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Astuti

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Telah dilakukan pembuatan karbon aktif dengan bahan dasar tempurung kemiri menggunakan H3PO4 2,5% sebagai aktivator dengan suhu aktivasi (400, 500, dan 600 oC.Luas permukaan aktif yang dihasilkan masing-masing adalah (6,6; 95,6; dan 391,6 m2/g. Karbon yang diaktivasi pada suhu 600 oC digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan elektroda kapasitor untuk system capacitive deionization (CDI menggunakan polimer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA sebaga ipengikat. Berdasarkan data voltammogram siklik terhadap elektroda CDI diperoleh besar kapasitansi spesifik elektroda adalah 50,21 mF/g.  Proses desalinasi dilakukan pada larutanNaCl 0,24 M dengan menyusun elektroda menggunakan system monopolar dan diberitegangan DC 1,2 V.  Penurunan konduktivitas larutan NaCl menggunakan sistem CDI ini sebesar 61,58%, dengan penurunan kadar natrium dalam larutan NaCl yaitu dari 138,0 mg/L menjadi 80,7 mg/L  selama 40 menit. Karbon aktif tempurung kemiri ini sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai elektroda CDI untuk sistem desalinasi air payau.The writers had done the research of the activated carbon that prepared with the candlenut shell by using H3PO4 2,5% as the activating agent.  All samples were heated at the temperatures of (400, 500, and 600 oC.  The activated carbon have specific surface area (6.582; 95.623; and 391.567 m2/g respectively. Capacitor electrode for capacitive deionization (CDI was fabricated by using activated carbon that was heated at activation temperature of 600 oC with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA as the binder. Based on cyclicvoltammogram of electrode, specific capacitance of CDI electrode is 50.21 mF/g.  To observe desalination process of electrode, CDI was made by monopolar system and immersed in NaCl 0.24 M as brackish water sample.  Direct current voltage 1.2 V was applied to CDI cell.  The decreased of NaCl conductivity with CDI system respectively is 61.58%.  Sodium concentration in NaCl decreases from 138.000 mg/L to 80.667 mg/Labout 40

  8. Study of colored anodized aluminum with calcon in sulfuric acidic solution using cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurement methods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Norouzi, P.; Ganjali, M.R.; Golmohamaddi, M.; Mousavi, S. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran); Vatankhah, G. [Iranian Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Isfahan Center, A5 Ghezelbash Avenue, Tohid Street, Isfahan 8173954541 (Iran)

    2003-04-01

    The effect of coloring condition of Al with Calcon (sodium 2,2'-dihydroxy-azonaphthalene-4-sulfonate), on the corrosion resistance of Al in 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution was studied, using cyclic voltammetry and measurement of impedance noise methods. The changes in the corrosion resistance of colored aluminum electrodes were evaluated by measuring the magnitude of impedance and cyclic voltammetric responses of anodized and colored electrodes. An irreversible corrosion response was observed at the cyclic voltammogram of the colored aluminum electrode. The current and threshold potential of corrosion responses strongly depends on the applied conditions during anodizing, coloring and sealing stages. In addition, significant changes in impedance at the ac voltammogram and noise level at some ac frequencies were observed, when the electrodes were colored under various conditions. In this regard, the surface of the electrode was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Comparison of SEM images of the colored and uncolored aluminum specimens showed that the colored surface contained a significant numbers of pits. The results indicated that coloring aluminum with Calcon could reduce corrosion resistance of aluminum and increase roughness of the oxide film. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Mit Hilfe zyklischer Voltammetrie und Messungen mit Impedanzrauschmethoden wurde der Einfluss der Faerbungsbedingungen von Aluminium mit Calcon (Natrium 2,2'-Dihydroxyazonaphthalen-4-Sulfonat) auf den Korrosionswiderstand von Aluminium in 0,1 M Schwefelsaeure untersucht. Die Veraenderungen des Korrosionswiderstandes von gefaerbten Aluminiumelektroden wurden durch Messungen der Hoehe der Impedanzreaktion bzw. der Reaktion bei der zyklischen Voltammetrie von anodisierten und gefaerbten Elektroden beurteilt. Eine irreversible Korrosionsreaktion wurde beim zyklischen Voltammogramm der gefaerbten Aluminiumelektrode beobachtet. Der Strom und das

  9. Kjemisk klima og helseproblemer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jul Låg

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available  SAMMENDRAGFysiske klimafaktorer har alltid vært fulgt med oppmerksomhet fra menneskene, mens interessen forkjemisk klima er av nyere dato. Viktige årsaker til den nye interessen er at naturforurensning tilleggesstørre betydning enn før, og at det i vår tid er et utbredt ønske om sterkere innsats i forebyggendehelsearbeid. Det er påvist at i humusdekket i naturlig jordsmonn avtar innholdet av hovedbestandelersom natrium og magnesium stort sett med stigende avstand fra havet. Lignende lovmessigheter gjelderogså for sporstoffer som jod, brom, klor og selen. I tillegg avtar disse også med nedbørsmengden. Dettetyder på at tilførsel av marine elementer til jordsmonn via nedbør er en meget viktig geokjemisk prosess,og de kan ha stor betydning for menneskers og dyrs helse. Endringer i nedbørens surhetsgrad ogvariasjoner i mengdeforholdet mellom de stoffer som tilføres jordsmonnet kan gi betydelige utslag iflora og fauna. Store befolkningsgrupper påvirkes til enhver tid av viktige kjemiske klimafaktorer, ogdet er sterkt ønskelig at forskning og veiledning innenfor dette fagfeltet intensiveres.Låg J. Chemical climate and health problems. Nor J Epidemiol 1998; 8 (1: 19-20. ENGLISH SUMMARYPhysical factors of the climate have for a long time been considered to be of great interest. Variations inthe chemical climate have received a growing attention only in the period after World War II, a trendwhich is due to an increasing interest in pollution and preventive health activities in our times. Thecontents of some of the major constituents in surface soil, such as sodium and magnesium, have beenfound to decrease with increasing distance from the sea. The contents of trace elements, such as iodine,bromine, chlorine, and selenium also show this type of distributional patterns, but in addition thecontents in the soil of these elements increase with the amount of precipitation. Such data indicate thatairborne transportation of elements from the

  10. Effects of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on blood lipid peroxidation and cortisol concentration in dairy cows undergoing omentopexy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mudron, P; Rehage, J

    2018-04-11

    Twenty dairy cows with left abomasal displacement were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium treatment on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and blood cortisol in dairy cows stressed by omentopexy. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. Ten hours before surgery 6 g of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (6 mg/kg) and 67 mg of natrium selenite (0.1 mg/kg) in volume of 40 ml (Vitaselen ® ) were administered subcutaneously to 10 cows; the control animals (n = 10) received an equivalent volume of injectable water (40 ml). The injection of vitamin E and selenium produced a rapid rise (p E increased several times 10 hr after vitamin E and Se injection and raised continuously to the highest average concentration 21.6 mg/L at hr 24 after the surgery. The highest selenium concentration was seen 10 hr after selenium administration with holding the increased concentrations in comparison with initial ones during the whole study. Two-way ANOVA did not show significant treatment effect on plasma concentrations TBARS in the study. The plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances reached the maximum value of 0.18 μmol/L in the control group 5 hr after the surgery. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, the TBARS values returned to the initial ones. Serum cortisol increased in both groups after surgery. The highest cortisol concentrations were reached at 1 hr after surgery in the experimental and control group (56.7 ± 28.8 and 65.3 ± 26.1 μg/L respectively). A return to the levels similar to the initial ones was recognized 24 hr after the surgery. The ANOVA revealed a significant effect of vitamin E and selenium injection on plasma cortisol (p E/Se injection on blood lipid peroxidation. In addition, a weaker cortisol response to the abdominal surgery was recognized in animals treated with vitamin E and selenium. © 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  11. Concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide vs. concurrent radiotherapy with a cisplatinum-based polychemotherapy regimen. Acute toxicity in pediatric high-grade glioma patients

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seidel, Clemens; Kortmann, Rolf D. [University of Leipzig Medical Center, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leipzig (Germany); Bueren, Andre O. von [University Medical Center Goettingen, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goettingen (Germany); University Hospital of Geneva, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Geneva (Switzerland); University of Geneva, Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva (Switzerland); Bojko, Sabrina; Hoffmann, Marion; Kramm, Christof M. [University Medical Center Goettingen, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goettingen (Germany); Pietsch, Torsten; Gielen, Gerrit H. [University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neuropathology, Brain Tumor Reference Center of the DGNN, Bonn (Germany); Warmuth-Metz, Monika; Bison, Brigitte [University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department of Neuroradiology, Wuerzburg (Germany)

    2018-03-15

    erscheint vordringlich, auch die Toxizitaet verschiedener Therapieprotokolle zu untersuchen. Es wurden prospektiv erhobene haematologische und nichthaematologische Toxizitaeten von Kindern verglichen, die in der HIT-GBM-C/D- bzw. HIT-HGG-2007-Studie mit einer Radiochemotherapie behandelt wurden. In diesen Studien wurden Kinder im Alter von 3-18 Jahren mit histologisch gesichertem HGG (WHO-Grad-III-und -Grad-IV-Tumore) oder eindeutiger radiologischer Diagnose eines diffusen intrinsischen Ponsglioms (DIPG) eingeschlossen. Das HIT-HGG-2007-Protokoll umfasste eine konkomitante Radiochemotherapie mit Temozolomid; das HIT-GBM-C/D-Protokoll bestand aus Cisplatin/Etoposid (PE) und PE plus Ifosfamid (PEI) in Kombination mit woechentlichen Vincristin-Injektionen waehrend der Radiochemotherapie. Regelmaessige Blutbilder waren von je 304 (Leukozyten) und 306 Patienten (Thrombozyten) verfuegbar. Eine Grad-3/4-Leukopenie trat deutlich haeufiger in der HIT-GBM-C/D- (n = 88, 52 %) als in der HIT-HGG-2007-Kohorte (n = 13, 10 %; P <0,001) auf. Ebenso war eine Grad-3/4-Thrombopenie in der HIT-GBM-C/D-Kohorte deutlich wahrscheinlicher (n = 21, 12 % vs. n = 3, 2 %; P <0,001). Eine Grad-3/4-Leukopenie trat bei Kindern zwischen 3-7 Jahren (38/85, 45 %) haeufiger auf als bei Kindern zwischen 8-12 (39/120, 33 %) bzw. 13-18 Jahren (24/100, 24 %; P =0,034). Auch nichthaematologische Toxizitaet, z. B. Uebelkeit, war in der HIT-GBM-C/D-Kohorte haeufiger (Grad 1-2: 44 %, Grad 3-4: 6 % vs. Grad 1-2: 28 %, Grad 3-4: 1 %; P <0,001). Eine Cisplatin-basierte Polychemotherapie ist toxischer als die Radiochemotherapie mit Temozolomid. Bei fehlender Evidenz fuer therapeutische Ueberlegenheit sollte die Behandlung mit geringerer Toxizitaet, d. h. Radiochemotherapie mit Temozolomid, verwendet werden. (orig.)

  12. Effekt einer ad libitum verzehrten fettreduzierten Kost, reich an Obst, Gemüse und Milchprodukten auf den Blutdruck bei Borderline-Hypertonikern

    Science.gov (United States)

    Möseneder, Jutta M.

    2002-01-01

    In der randomisierten, multizentrischen DASH-Studie (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hy-pertension), die unter kontrollierten Bedingungen stattfand, führte eine fettreduzierte Mischkost, reich an Obst, Gemüse und Milchprodukten, bei Borderline-Hypertonikern zu einer signifikanten Blutdrucksenkung. Während der Studienphase wurden Körpermasse, Natrium-Aufnahme sowie Alkoholzufuhr aufgrund der bekannten Einflussnahme auf den Blutdruck konstant gehalten. In der eigenen Pilot-Studie sollte untersucht werden, ob das Ergebnis der DASH-Studie (i) mit deutschen Hypertonikern und (ii) unter habituellen Ernährungs- und Lebensbedingungen mit regelmäßig durchgeführter Ernährungsberatung und ad libitum Verzehr anstelle des streng kontrollierten Studienansatzes bestätigt werden kann. Eine Konstanz der Körpermasse, der Natrium-Urinausscheidung (unter diesem Studienansatz valider als die Aufnahme) und des Alkoholkonsums wurde vorausgesetzt. Die Studienpopulation setzte sich aus 53 übergewichtigen Probanden mit einer nicht medikamentös therapierten Borderline-Hypertonie und ohne Stoffwechselerkrankungen zusammen. Die Studienteilnehmer wurden randomisiert entweder der Idealgruppe mit einer fettarmen Kost reich an Milchprodukten, Obst und Gemüse (ähnlich der DASH-Idealgruppe) oder der Kontrollgruppe mit habitueller Ernährungsweise zugeteilt. Über einen Zeitraum von fünf Wochen wurde den Probanden etwa 50% ihres täglichen Lebensmittelbedarfes entsprechend ihrer Gruppenzugehörigkeit kostenfrei zur Verfügung gestellt. Gelegenheitsblutdruckmessungen und 24h-Blutdruckmessungen, Ernährungs- und Aktivitätsprotokolle, Blut- und Urinproben sowie anthropometrische Messungen wurden vor, während und fünf Wochen nach der Interventionsphase durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in der Idealgruppe keine signifikante Blutdrucksenkung beobachtet werden konnte. Dies lässt sich durch die Tatsache erklären, dass die Lebens-mittel- und Nährstoffaufnahme der deutschen

  13. Study of the diffusion of lithium and sodium ions in solids under regardment of the dimensionality of the crystal lattice; Untersuchung der Diffusion von Lithium- und Natrium-Ionen in Festkoerpern unter Beruecksichtigung der Dimensionalitaet des Kristallgitters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Volgmann, Kai Tristan

    2016-07-29

    Low-dimensional diffusion was investigated to improve the understanding of the fundamentals of ion movement in condensed matter. Different model systems with different dimensionality of cation migration pathways were investigated using solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. Both experimental methods made it possible to complementarily study both Li and Na mobility over a wide range of jump rates. Metallic lithium as a well-known model system for isotropic diffusion was investigated using {sup 7}Li field-cycling NMR. The spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) rates were separated into an electronic contribution and a diffusion-induced contribution. The Korringa product was calculated from the actual measurements. The main focus was the comparison of different theoretical models describing the Li motion in metallic lithium. The well-known model by Bloembergen, Purcell and Pound already reproduced the data well, but two models by Sholl improved the results taking into account the type of crystal lattice and jump correlation effects. A single-vacancy diffusion mechanism was observed, but a double-vacancy mechanism was not excluded as elevated temperatures near the melting point of lithium were not available. Li{sub 0.7}Nb{sub 3}S{sub 4} is isostructural to Li{sub 0.7}Nb{sub 3}Se{sub 4} which was reported as possible 1D Li ion conductor due to its channel structure. Thus, Li{sub 0.7}Nb{sub 3}S{sub 4} was investigated as 1D model system using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy gave insights into structural properties. Li dynamics was observed by several NMR methods over a wide temperature range. {sup 7}Li NMR motional narrowing led to an estimate of the activation energy for local Li hopping. {sup 7}Li NMR spin-alignment echo (SAE) was used for the determination of Li jump rates on a macroscopic scale. Possible dimensionality effects were investigated by {sup 7}Li NMR SLR. Out of the phase system Li{sub 2}O:TiO{sub 2} two compounds with different dimensionalities determined by their crystal lattice were also studied by solid-state NMR and impedance spectroscopy. In both Li{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 7} and Li{sub 2}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 13}, the Li dynamics was in the focus of the studies, but also the Na dynamics in their parent compounds Na{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 7} and Na{sub 2}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 13} was investigated. For Na{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 7}, {sup 23}Na NMR spectroscopy gave insights into structural and dynamic properties. A detailed {sup 6}Li and {sup 7}Li NMR spectroscopy study on Li{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 7} revealed 2D Li diffusion. Macroscopic cation diffusion for both Na{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 7} and Li{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 7} was investigated using impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore not only Na{sub 2}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 13} and Li{sub 2}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 13} were studied, but also mixed ion conductors with different Na/Li ratios. {sup 6}Li, {sup 7}Li and {sup 23}Na NMR spectroscopy and methods as SLR and SAE were used to explore structure and dynamics of cation diffusion in Li{sub x}Na{sub 2-x}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 13} (x=0,0.33,1,2). A possible 1D cation diffusion was also in the focus of this research. Impedance spectroscopy was again used for the investigation of macroscopic cation diffusion. This method revealed a mixed cation effect in Li{sub x}Na{sub 2-x}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 13}.

  14. Insights inot the atomic many-particle dynamics of scattering processes by ab-initio calculations; Einblicke in die atomare Vielteilchendynamik von Streuprozessen durch ab-initio-Rechnungen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zapukhlyak, Myroslav

    2008-12-05

    The present thesis gives a theoretical contribution to the understanding of the many-particle dynamics in inelastic ion-atom collisions. Many-electron dynamics in ion-helium collisions and proton-sodium collisions was theoretically studied. The description is based on the semiclassical approximation with the straight orbit for the projectile motion. The ion-atom collision problem is by this reduced to a time-dependent many-electron problem and in the non-relativistic approximation described by the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. The solution of the many-electron problem pursues in the framework of the time-dependent density functional theory. The time-dependent Schroedinger equation for the interacting many-electron problem is transformed to the system of the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations and solved by the two-center-basis generator method. The unknown time-dependent exchange-correlation one-particle potential forces different approximation in the time-dependent Kohn-Shan scheme. In this thesis the model of the independent electrons was applied as basis model, in which the electron-electron correlation is consistently neglected in all parts and in all steps. Differential cross sections for different one- and two-electron processes were calculated in the so-called eikonal approximation for the collisional systems p-He, He{sup 2+}-He, and Ar{sup q+}-He (q=15-18). [German] Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen theoretischen Beitrag zum Verstaendnis der Vielteilchendynamik in inelastischen Ion-Atom-Stoessen. Vielelektronendynamik in Ion-Helium-Stoessen und Proton-Natrium-Stoessen wurde theoretisch untersucht. Die Beschreibung basiert auf der semiklassischen Naeherung mit der geraden Bahn fuer die Projektilbewegung. Das Ion-Atom- Stossproblem wird damit auf ein zeitabhaengiges Vielelektronenproblem reduziert und in der nichtrelativistischen Naeherung mit der zeitabhaengigen Schroedinger-Gleichung beschrieben. Die Loesung des Vielelektronenproblems erfolgt im

  15. Effect of β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan derived from oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dobsikova, Radka; Blahova, Jana; Franc, Ales; Jakubik, Juraj; Mikulikova, Ivana; Modra, Helena; Novotna, Kamila; Svobodova, Zdenka

    2012-01-01

    Effect of long-term oral administration of three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) of micronized β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan derived from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus, Hiratake) on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices of half-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was assessed in the study. Rainbow trout were feed commercial feed pellets containing β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan in the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% for 85 days. Biometrical indices consisted in total and standard length, body and liver weight, from which derived somatic parameters such as Fulton´s condition factor and hepatosomatic index were calculated. Haematological parameters were evaluated according to unified methods for haematological examination in fish. Plasma biochemical profile was analysed using biochemical analyser Konelab 20i and Easy Lyte Analyzer. A phagocyte cells metabolic activity (induced chemiluminescence of phagocytes) was determined as an immunological parameter by a microplate luminometric method on Immunotech LM-01T. No clinical signs of behavioral, respiratory, or neurologic distress were observed in rainbow trout. Fish showed normal feeding behavior. As for biometric parameters, no significant changes in total and standard length, body weight, liver weight, as well as in condition factor and hepatosomatic index of experimental and control fish were found. In the course of the study, weight gains in rainbow trout were similar and continuous. Shifts in PCV (pglucose, lactate, total protein, cholesterol, calcium, natrium, potassium (all p<0.05), albumins and chlorides (both p<0.01), as well as catalytic activities of ALT and AST (both p<0.05) were changed in the course of the study. A phagocyte cells metabolic activity (luminol-induced chemiluminescence) in rainbow trout was not altered by oyster mushroom β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan administration. After long-term oral administration of three concentrations of micronized β-1.3/1.6-D

  16. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging. Development of a 3D radial acquisition technique with optimized k-space sampling density and high SNR-efficiency; Natrium-Magnetresonanztomographie. Entwicklung einer 3D radialen Messtechnik mit optimierter k-Raum-Abtastdichte und hoher SNR-Effizienz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nagel, Armin Michael

    2009-04-01

    A 3D radial k-space acquisition technique with homogenous distribution of the sampling density (DA-3D-RAD) is presented. This technique enables short echo times (TE<0.5 ms), that are necessary for {sup 23}Na-MRI, and provides a high SNR-efficiency. The gradients of the DA-3D-RAD-sequence are designed such that the average sampling density in each spherical shell of k-space is constant. The DA-3D-RAD-sequence provides 34% more SNR than a conventional 3D radial sequence (3D-RAD) if T{sub 2}{sup *}-decay is neglected. This SNR-gain is enhanced if T{sub 2}{sup *}-decay is present, so a 1.5 to 1.8 fold higher SNR is measured in brain tissue with the DA-3D-RAD-sequence. Simulations and experimental measurements show that the DA-3D-RAD sequence yields a better resolution in the presence of T{sub 2}{sup *}-decay and less image artefacts when B{sub 0}-inhomogeneities exist. Using the developed sequence, T{sub 1}-, T{sub 2}{sup *}- and Inversion-Recovery-{sup 23}Na-image contrasts were acquired for several organs and {sup 23}Na-relaxation times were measured (brain tissue: T{sub 1}=29.0{+-}0.3 ms; T{sub 2s}{sup *}{approx}4 ms; T{sub 2l}{sup *}{approx}31 ms; cerebrospinal fluid: T{sub 1}=58.1{+-}0.6 ms; T{sub 2}{sup *}=55{+-}3 ms (B{sub 0}=3 T)). T{sub 1}- und T{sub 2}{sup *}-relaxation times of cerebrospinal fluid are independent of the selected magnetic field strength (B0 = 3T/7 T), whereas the relaxation times of brain tissue increase with field strength. Furthermore, {sup 23}Na-signals of oedemata were suppressed in patients and thus signals from different tissue compartments were selectively measured. (orig.)

  17. Fiscal 1999 achievement report on the venture business assisting type regional consortium - Minor business creation base type. Development of sodium hypochlorite activating system; 1999 nendo venture kigyo shiengata chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Jiaensosan natrium kasseika sochi no kaihatsu

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2001-03-01

    The aim is to develop and widely diffuse a cleaning, sterilizing, and disinfecting system (chemicals and device) which is nearer to the best. A safety-conscious diluting/mixing technology was developed by which acid and sodium hypochlorite were mixed without generating any noxious gas. Using this technology, a mixing tube was developed, capable of homogeneously diluting chemicals in raw water and mixing them homogeneously. How the dilution and mixing occurred in the mixing tube was measured by an electric conductivity meter for evaluation, data on the state of diluting of the solution were plotted in a graphic chart for study, a comprehensive deliberation was made of performance, cost, etc., and then a device was experimentally constructed. A concentration level detecting sensor section and a metering pump were developed. The pH adjustment and disinfecting effect were assessed using various acids, and then it was found that the acetic acid was the most suitable in view of safeness, disinfecting effect, stability, and ease of adjustment. Based on the result of a comprehensive technical survey, a system was designed suitable for artificial dialysis, food processing, and cleaning and disinfecting of endoscopes. A prototype was built, and the development effort progressed to reach a level where a prototype was built and subjected to a field test. (NEDO)

  18. Antimicrobial test of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ethanol extract againts Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus sanguis using agar method (In vitro study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lenni Indriani

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The use of natural materials in the world of health tends to increase every single year, including  in dentistry. Due to the increased of resistance to antibiotics, the development and new innovations to obtain a new antimicrobial agent. Some potential sources of plants have been studied. One of the natural plants is used as drinks, food, medicine and antimicrobial agent is Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn commonly known as Roselle. Several major Gram-negative bacteria are related to periodontal disease such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis, The dominant species of Gram-positive including Streptococcus sanguis(S.sanguis. The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the Roselle ethanol extract against P.gingivalis bacteria (Gram negative bacteria and S. sanguis (Gram positive bacteria with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The in vitro study of antibacterial effectiveness of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ethanol extract on P.gingivalis and S. sanguis. Natrium Agar (NA solution was poured into a glass plate which had previously been sterilized and then left in place until the medium solidified. P.gingivalis and S.sanguis bacterial cultures were inoculated with inscribed which had solidified. Then put paper disk which had previously been saturated with Roselle extract samples with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, and the negative control at the surface of the medium (Ampicillin and incubated for 1 day. Clear zone is formed then observed and measured. There are 24 samples, consisting of 12 samples  P.gingivalis and S.sanguis 12 samples, given intervention roselle flower extract with four types of concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory consentration (MIC. The observations show that the extensive zone of inhibition concentration of 2.5% a broad zone of inhibition is the smallest among other concentration, both of S.sanguins and P.gingivalis. Meanwhile, the average increases the

  19. PENGGUNAAN SILVER DIAMINA FLUORIDA (SDF 38% SEBAGAI Arresting Caries Treatment (ACT PADA ANAK-ANAK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lendrawati Lendrawati

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available AbstrakKaries merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi yang banyak diderita oleh anak-anak seluruh dunia terutama negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Kerusakan gigi pada anak-anak terjadi lebih cepat dibandingkan orang dewasa karena gigi yang baru erupsi masih dalam proses maturasi dan proses mineralisasi belum sempurna. Tubuli dentin anak anak yang masih lebar menyebabkan pembentukan jaringan sklerotik tidak sempurna dan buffer saliva masih kurang sehingga aktivitas proteolitik menjadi lebih banyak di dalam mulut. Fluor merupakan zat mineral yang digunakan sebagai bahan yang efektif mencegah terjadinya karies gigi dapat membuat lapisan email tahan terhadap kerusakan yang disebabkan pelarutan email oleh zat asam. Strategi pencegahan karies lebih efektif sejak diperkenalkannya silver diamina fluoride (SDF yang merupakan cairan tidak berwarna mengandung ion fluoride yang digunakan untuk memacu terjadinya proses remineralisasi hidoksiapatit mineral gigi. Penggunaan SDF ini merupakan metoda Arresting Caries Treatment (ACT. SDF menggabungkan efek penguatan gigi dari natrium fluoride (NaF dan efek nitrat perak.Konsentrasi efektif solusi SDF 38% (44.800 ion fluoride ppm digunakan untuk menghambat perkembangan karies pada gigi sulung anak-anak, terutama anak-anak yang sulit untuk dilakukan perawatan. SDF sederhana, mudah dalam mengaplikasikan dan biaya pemakaian lebih murah. SDF merupakan bahan yang tepat untuk digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan gigi masyarakat terutama pada anak-anak.Kata Kunci : karies gigi, silver diamine fluoride, Arresting Caries Treatment, topikalAbstractDental caries is a health problem that affects many children all over the world, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Tooth decay in children occurs more rapidly than adults because the new tooth eruption is still in the process of maturation and mineralization process is not perfect. Dentin tubules of children is still wide lead sclerotic tissue formation

  20. PERSEPSI DAN SIKAP KONSUMEN TERHADAP PENERAPAN TRAFFIC LIGHT CARD PADA PRODUK PANGAN KEMASAN (CONSUMER’S PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAFFIC LIGHT CARD FOR PACKAGED FOOD PRODUCTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Puspita Sari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT There has been an increase in number of deaths caused by noncommunicable diseases. It is related to the intensification of packaged products consumption that contain high sugar, fat, and sodium compositions. Thus, a clear and transparent product label is needed to prevent unnecessary mistake in choosing the right food. Traffic Light (TL is a format of colour-coded nutrition label that has been implemented on packaged foods in various countries. Previous research conducted in the United Kingdom and Australia indicate that the TL system allowed consumers to more easily and accurately select healthier food products compared with other labelling systems. Research about TL has never been conducted in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify perception and attitude of consumers towards Traffic Light Card (TLC for packaged food products. An exploratory survey on 95 consumers were done at a supermarket in Yogyakarta, supported by data from in-depth interview. Eighty-six percent of consumers perceive TLC as having clear nutrition information, was easy to use, and helpful for choosing packaged foods. Seventy percent of consumers also support the implementation of TLC for selecting healthy products with “green colour” as well as applying TLC as a label format in Indonesia. Future study should be done in different population and measuring practice of TLC use. This study may serve as basis for policy evaluation of nutrition labelling.ABSTRAK Peningkatan prevalensi penyakit degeneratif berkaitan dengan meningkatnya konsumsi pangan kemasan yang tinggi kandungan gula, lemak, dan natrium. Label gizi yang jelas dan informatif diperlukan untuk membantu konsumen dalam pemilihan produk makanan. Traffic Light (TL merupakan format label dengan kode warna yang dikembangkan oleh The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA dan telah diterapkan pada produk pangan kemasan. Beberapa studi di Inggris dan Australia menunjukkan bahwa TL lebih berhasil membantu konsumen

  1. The effect of oyster mushroom β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan and oxytetracycline antibiotic on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, and histopathological changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dobšíková, Radka; Blahová, Jana; Mikulíková, Ivana; Modrá, Helena; Prášková, Eva; Svobodová, Zdeňka; Skorič, Mišo; Jarkovský, Jiří; Siwicki, Andrzej-Krzysztof

    2013-12-01

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of micronized β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan (BG) derived from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus Hiratake and tetracycline antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, and histopathological changes in tissues of one- to two-year-old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish tested were divided into five experimental groups and one control. Carp in the control group were fed commercial carp feed pellets. Fish in the five experimental groups were fed the same pellets supplemented with either OTC, a combination of OTC and BG, or BG as follows: 75 mg oxytetracycline kg(-1) bw (OTC group), 75 mg oxytetracycline kg(-1) bw and 0.5% β-glucan (OTC + 0.5% BG group), 75 mg oxytetracycline kg(-1) bw and 2.0% β-glucan (OTC + 2.0% BG group), 0.5% β-glucan (0.5% BG group), and 2.0% β-glucan (2.0% BG group). OTC- and BG-supplemented diets and the control diet were administered to experimental and control carp for 50 days (i.e. samplings 1-3, the exposure period); for the following 14 days, fish were fed only control feed pellets with no OTC or BG supplementation (i.e. sampling 4, the recovery period). Blood and tissue samples were collected both during, and at the end of the study. No significant changes in biometrical indices (i.e. total length, standard length, total weight, hepatosomatic and spleen somatic index, and Fulton's condition factor) were found in experimental carp compared to control in any sampling. In haematological indices, significant changes were found only in sampling 2, in which shifts in PCV (P < 0.01), Hb (P < 0.01), and WBC (P < 0.01), and in the counts of lymphocytes (P < 0.01), monocytes (P < 0.01), and neutrophil granulocytes-segments (P < 0.05) were revealed. As for biochemical profiling, plasma concentrations of glucose, albumins, cholesterol, natrium, and chlorides (all P < 0.01), and total proteins, lactate, phosphorus, and potassium (all P < 0

  2. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of rectal carcinoma. Baseline hematologic parameters influencing outcomes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hodek, Miroslav; Sirak, Igor; Paluska, Petr; Kopecky, Jindrich; Petera, Jiri; Vosmik, Milan [University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic); Ferko, Alexander; Oerhalmi, Julius [University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Surgery, Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic); Hovorkova, Eva; Hadzi Nikolov, Dimitar [University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Fingerland Department of Pathology, Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic)

    2016-09-15

    praetherapeutischen Blutparameter ist bei vielen Krebsarten das klinische Gesamtergebnis nach Therapie moeglicherweise voraussagbar. Ziel dieser Studie ist die systematische Bewertung der Beziehung zwischen den Ausgangswerten im Blutbild und dem Therapieerfolg bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinom, die praeoperativ mit Radiochemotherapie behandelt wurden. Zwischen den Jahren 2009 und 2015 wurden die Daten von insgesamt 173 Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Rektumkarzinom retrospektiv analysiert. Das Ausgangsblutbild wurde bei allen Patienten eine Woche vor dem Beginn der Radiochemotherapie erstellt. Die Tumorantwort wurde anhand der pathologischen Veraenderungen ermittelt. Die zellulaeren Blutbestandteile wie Erythrozyten (''red blood cells'', RBC), Leukozyten (''white blood cells'', WBC), Thrombozyten (''platelets'', PLT) und weitere Parameter wie Haemoglobin (Hb), der Neutrophilen-Lymphozyten-Quotient (''neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio'', NLR) und der Thrombozyten-Lymphozyten-Quotient (''platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio'', PLR) wurden im Zusammenhang mit Tumor-Downstaging, pathologisch kompletter Remission (''pathologic complete response'', pCR), dem Gesamtueberleben (''overall survival'', OS) und rezidivfreiem Ueberleben (''disease-free survival'', DFS) analysiert. Der Hb-Wert und das Ansprechen auf die Therapie wurde anhand der logistischen Regressionsanalyse in einen Zusammenhang gestellt: pCR (p = 0,05; OR: 1,04; 95 %-KI: 1,00-1,07); T-Downstaging (p = 0,006; OR: 1,03; 95 %-KI: 1,01-1,05); N-Downstaging (p = 0,09; OR: 1,02; 95 %-KI: 1,00-1,04); T- oder N-Downstaging (p = 0,007; OR: 1,04; 95 %-KI: 1,01-1,07); T- und N-Downstaging (p = 0,02; OR: 1,02; 95 %-KI: 1,00-1,04); Haemoglobin und RBC waren die Parameter mit dem staerksten Einfluss auf das OS; die Thrombozytenzahl war ein negativer prognostischer Faktor fuer das OS und

  3. Experiments in LEENA facility with modified wire type leak detector layout in large sodium pipelines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vijayakumar, G.; Chandramouli, S.; Nashine, B.K.; Selvaraj, P.; Rajan, K.K.

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • FBR large horizontal secondary pipeline were simulated and five sodium leak experiments were conducted by providing modified wire type leak detector layout at 550 °C. • Early detection of sodium leak is needed for minimizing the sodium leaked out and consequent damages. • PFBR leak detector layout on large horizontal pipelines can detect a leak rate of 200 g/h within 6 h. • By reducing the distance between leak point and detector to half, detection time was reduced to 1/6th and found that a leak rate of 200 g/h can be detected in one hour. • A relationship between leak rate and detection time was established based on experimental results. - Abstract: Sodium cooled Fast Breeder Reactors (SFRs) are envisaged in the second phase of Indian nuclear power programme. Liquid sodium is used as the coolant in the SFRs due to its favourable nuclear properties and excellent heat transfer properties. Leaks in sodium systems have the potential of being exceptionally hazardous due to the reaction of liquid sodium with oxygen and water vapour in the air. When a sodium leak occurs, the sodium leak rate, the total quantity of sodium leaked and leak detector layout governs the detection time. Other factors to be considered are insulation material packing condition, distance between the leak point and detector, heater layout, pipe geometry, temperature etc. Potential regions of leakage in Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) sodium circuits are near welds, high stress areas and regions subjected to thermal striping. Early detection of leak is needed for minimizing the quantity of sodium leaked to outside and consequent damages. Three wire type leak detectors (WLDs positioned at 90°, 180° and 270°) working on conductivity principle are used for detecting sodium leak in the large horizontal secondary sodium pipelines of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). It was found from the upper boundary curve based on LEENA (LEak Experiments in NAtrium) facility experimental

  4. The effects of benzil amino purin (BAP and gibberellin with in vitro seedling growth of pulesari (Alyxia reinwardtii Bl

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heru Sudrajad

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Latar belakang: Status kelangkaan pulesari (Alyxia reinwardtii Bl. termasuk rawan (vulnerable karena tingginya permintaan dan mahalnya harga menyebabkan eksploitasi pulesari di hutan meningkat sedangkan upaya konservasi dan budidayanya belum ada. Selama ini perbanyakan pulesari hanya mengandalkan biji di alam. Benih pulesari persentase perkecambahannya tergolong sangat rendah, waktu lama dan sulit diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Memperhatikan sulitnya mendapatkan bibit pulesari secara konvensional maka perlu dilakukan dengan cara kultur jaringan. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium kultur jaringan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Obat dan Obat Tradisional Tawangmangu selama tiga bulan. Bibit A. reinwardtii Bl. diperoleh dari Pringgondani Forest, Tawangmangu. Biji kupas dan dikeringkan selama lima hari, dicuci menggunakan aquadest steril, direndam pada 0,5% Agrept 5 menit kemudian pada 2,125% natrium hipochorida 5 menit dan dibilas menggunakan aquades steril. Media Murashige dan Skoog (MS disiapkan sesuai komposisi. Penelitian ini rancangan acak lengkap (RAL pola faktorial. Faktor pertama konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP pada konsentrasi 3, 4 dan 5 mg/l dan faktor kedua konsentrasi giberelin dari 1, 2 dan 3 mg/l. Media MS yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan BAP konsentrasi 3, 4, dan 5 mg/l dan giberelin konsentrasi 1, 2, dan 3 mg/l sehingga diperoleh 9 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh BAP  mg/l dan giberelin 2 mg/l pada media MS terbentuk tunas dan akar. Tunas terbentuk pada 30 hari setelah tanam dengan tinggi 2 cm dan akar muncul pada 45 hari setelah tanam dalam satu kali percobaan. Kesimpulan: Pulesari (Alyxia reinwardtii Bl. dapat diperbanyak melalui kultur jaringan menggunakan biji sebagai eksplan. Kaca kunci : pulesari, Alyxia reinwardtii Bl, BAP dan giberelin Abstract Background: Alyxia reinwardtii Bl. in natural habitat becomes rare and reaches

  5. Blood composition of the reindeer . II. Blood chemistry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauri Nieminen

    1983-05-01

    kokonaisvalkuainen (63 - 87 g/l, albumiini (39 - 43 g/l, globuliinit (23 - 44 g/l, urea (5,7 - 9 mmol/1, kokonaislipidit (2,7 - 5,2 g/l, triglyseridit (0,17 - 0.33 mmol/1, rasvahapot (0,89 - 1,54 g/l, kalsium (2,2 - 2,6 mmol/1, fosfori (1,6 - 2,2 mmol/I, magnesium (0,8 - 1,2 mmol/1 ja kupari (6,7-18 (Jmol/l olivat korkeimmillaan kesallå ja syksylla ja laskivat talvella. Alhaisimmat pitoisuudet mitattiin nålkiintyneille vaatimille kevaalla. Seerumin korkeat ureapitoisuudet ja CPK, LDH ja SAP aktiivisuudet kuvastivat kehon valkuaisten ja kudosten hajoamista nalkiintymisen aikana. Vuodenajoilla ja ravinnolla ei ollut vaikutusta seerumin T4-, kreatiniini-, natrium- ja kloridipitoisuuksiin. Korkeat ruumiinpainot ja veren kemialliset arvot mitattiin vaatimille, joita ruokittiin sailorehulla ja melassileikkeellå talvella.Renblod. II. Blodkemi.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Den kemiska sammansattningen av blodet hos 578 halvvilda vajor undesoktes under år 1973 — 1979 med hanvisning till ålder, årstid, kalvning och nåringstillstånd. Viktokningen var storst, 400 g/dygn, vid en ålder av 4 — 8 veckor. Detta återspeglades aven i de hoga varden av serumthyroxin (TV, alkalfosfatas (SAP, kreatininfosfokinas (CPK och i blodsockerhalten. Den låga SAP-aktiviteten under vintern var ett tecken på att tillvåxten stannat. Vårdet av pH i venblodet var 7,46 och koagulationskapaciteten (21 sek, 100% var mycket hog under sommaren och hosten. 15 olika åggviteåmnen och 15 fettsyror skiljdes ur serum. Halten av åggviteåmnen i serum var 58 g/1 vid en ålder av 20 dygn och 87 g/1 hos vajorna på hosten. Skillnaden berodde på forandringen i globulinmångden. Foråndringarna hos immunoglobulinerna påvisar, att kalven får sin motståndsformåga efter fodseln ur vajans mjolk och att kalven sjålv borjar producera gammaglobuliner forst då den nått en ålder av 4 veckor. Den nyfodda kalvens serumlipider (2,9 g/1, triglycerider (0,29 mmol/1, och kolesterol (1,6 mmol/1 var tåmligen låga och

  6. The increase of the fertility of soils using the liquid organic fertilizers and fertilizers based on sugar-beet wastes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vyborova, Oxana

    2010-05-01

    The fertility of soil is a capacity for ensuring plants by water, nutrients, air and capacity for making optimal conditions for growth and development of plants. The result of it is a yield. The main characteristic of fertility of soil is maintenance of humus. The humus is important part of organic matter. The supporting of soil fertility is impossible by traditional methods. The amount of receiving mineral fertilizers in agriculture will not increase in future, because mineral fertilizers are very expensive. The mineral fertilizers don't influence on maintenance of total amount of humus in soil and improve the circulation of nutrients. Every hectare of fields have to receive no less than 8-10 tons of organic fertilizers, therefore we will have self-supporting balance of humus and the fertility of soils will be increasing. Consequently we are looking for new types of organic materials and we include them in modern agro technologies. One of them is an organomineral fertilizer (lignitic materials). The humic chemicals in the form of lignitic materials of natrium, potassium and ammonium are permitted for using them in agriculture at the beginning of 1984. The Department of agriculture in Russian Federation considered the problem of using humic chemicals and made a decision to use them on the fields of our country, because the lignitic materials can restore the fertility of our fields. The lignitic materials increase the amount of spore-forming bacteria, mold fungi and actinomycete. Therefore the organic decomposition occurs more strongly, the processes of humification increase the speed and the amount of humus rises in the soil. The new forming humus has a high biological activity and it improves chemical and physical soil properties. The addition of lignitic materials in soil activates different groups of microorganisms, which influence on mobilization of nutrients and transformation from potential to effective fertility. The inclusion of humic fertilizers improves