A compact spin-exchange optical pumping system for 3He polarization based on a solenoid coil, a VBG laser diode, and a cosine theta RF coil

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Sungman; Kim, Jongyul; Moon, Myung Kook; Lee, Kye Hong; Lee, Seung Wook; Ino, Takashi; Skoy, Vadim R.; Lee, Manwoo; Kim, Guinyun

2013-02-01

For use as a neutron spin polarizer or analyzer in the neutron beam lines of the HANARO (High-flux Advanced Neutron Application ReactOr) nuclear research reactor, a 3He polarizer was designed based on both a compact solenoid coil and a VBG (volume Bragg grating) diode laser with a narrow spectral linewidth of 25 GHz. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal was measured and analyzed using both a built-in cosine radio-frequency (RF) coil and a pick-up coil. Using a neutron transmission measurement, we estimated the polarization ratio of the 3He cell as 18% for an optical pumping time of 8 hours.

Preliminary results of the US pool-boiling coils from the IFSMTF full-array tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lue, J.W.; Dresner, L.; Lubell, M.S.; Luton, J.N.; McManamy, T.J.; Shen, S.S.

1986-01-01

The Large Coil Task to develop superconducting magnets for fusion reactors, is now in the midst of full-array tests in the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Included in the test array are two pool-boiling coils designed and fabricated by US manufacturers, General Dynamics/Convair Division and General Electric/Union Carbide Corporation. So far, both coils have been energized to full design currents in the single-coil tests, and the General Dynamics coil has reached the design point in the first Standard-I full-array test. Both coils performed well in the charging experiments. Extensive heating tests and the heavy instrumentation of these coils have, however, revealed some generic limitations of large pool-boiling superconducting coils. Details of these results and their analyses are reported

Large coil test facility conceptual design report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelms, L.W.; Thompson, P.B.; Mann, T.L.

1978-02-01

In the development of a superconducting toroidal field (TF) magnet for The Next Step (TNS) tokamak reactor, several different TF coils, about half TNS size, will be built and tested to permit selection of a design and fabrication procedure for full-scale TNS coils. A conceptual design has been completed for a facility to test D-shaped TF coils, 2.5 x 3.5-m bore, operating at 4-6 K, cooled either by boiling helium or by forced-flow supercritical helium. Up to six coils can be accommodated in a toroidal array housed in a single vacuum tank. The principal components and systems in the facility are an 11-m vacuum tank, a test stand providing structural support and service connections for the coils, a liquid nitrogen system, a system providing helium both as saturated liquid and at supercritical pressure, coils to produce a pulsed vertical field at any selected test coil position, coil power supplies, process instrumentation and control, coil diagnostics, and a data acquisition and handling system. The test stand structure is composed of a central bucking post, a base structure, and two horizontal torque rings. The coils are bolted to the bucking post, which transmits all gravity loads to the base structure. The torque ring structure, consisting of beams between adjacent coils, acts with the bucking structure to react all the magnetic loads that occur when the coils are energized. Liquid helium is used to cool the test stand structure to 5 K to minimize heat conduction to the coils. Liquid nitrogen is used to precool gaseous helium during system cooldown and to provide thermal radiation shielding

Kilotesla Magnetic Field due to a Capacitor-Coil Target Driven by High Power Laser

Science.gov (United States)

Fujioka, Shinsuke; Zhang, Zhe; Ishihara, Kazuhiro; Shigemori, Keisuke; Hironaka, Youichiro; Johzaki, Tomoyuki; Sunahara, Atsushi; Yamamoto, Naoji; Nakashima, Hideki; Watanabe, Tsuguhiro; Shiraga, Hiroyuki; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Azechi, Hiroshi

2013-01-01

Laboratory generation of strong magnetic fields opens new frontiers in plasma and beam physics, astro- and solar-physics, materials science, and atomic and molecular physics. Although kilotesla magnetic fields have already been produced by magnetic flux compression using an imploding metal tube or plasma shell, accessibility at multiple points and better controlled shapes of the field are desirable. Here we have generated kilotesla magnetic fields using a capacitor-coil target, in which two nickel disks are connected by a U-turn coil. A magnetic flux density of 1.5 kT was measured using the Faraday effect 650 μm away from the coil, when the capacitor was driven by two beams from the GEKKO-XII laser (at 1 kJ (total), 1.3 ns, 0.53 or 1 μm, and 5 × 1016 W/cm2). PMID:23378905

Suppression of resistive wall instabilities with distributed, independently controlled, active feedback coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cates, C.; Shilov, M.; Mauel, M. E.; Navratil, G. A.; Maurer, D.; Mukherjee, S.; Nadle, D.; Bialek, J.; Boozer, A.

2000-01-01

External kink instabilities are suppressed in a tokamak experiment by either (1) energizing a distributed array of independently controlled active feedback coils mounted outside a segmented resistive wall or (2) inserting a second segmented wall having much higher electrical conductivity. When the active feedback coils are off and the highly conducting wall is withdrawn, kink instabilities excited by plasma current gradients grow at a rate comparable to the magnetic diffusion rate of the resistive wall. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics

Particle-in-cell simulations of magnetically driven reconnection using laser-powered capacitor coils

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Kai; Lu, Quanming; Gao, Lan; Ji, Hantao; Wang, Xueyi; Fan, Feibin

2018-05-01

In this paper, we propose an experimental scheme to fulfill magnetically driven reconnections. Here, two laser beams are focused on a capacitor-coil target and then strong currents are wired in two parallel circular coils. Magnetic reconnection occurs between the two magnetic bubbles created by the currents in the two parallel circular coils. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation model in the cylindrical coordinate is used to investigate such a process, and the simulations are performed in the (r ,z ) plane. The results show that with the increase of the currents in the two coils, the associated magnetic bubbles expand and a current sheet is formed between the two bubbles. Magnetic reconnection occurs when the current sheet is sufficiently thin. A quadrupole structure of the magnetic field in the θ direction ( Bθ ) is generated in the diffusion region and a strong electron current along the r direction ( Je r ) is also formed due to the existence of the high-speed electron flow away from the X line in the center of the outflow region. Because the X line is a circle along the θ direction, the convergence of the plasma flow around r =0 will lead to the asymmetry of Je r and Bθ between the two outflow regions of magnetic reconnection.

Comprehensive Survey on Improved Focality and Penetration Depth of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Employing Multi-Coil Arrays

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xile Wei

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Multi-coil arrays applied in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS are proposed to accurately stimulate brain tissues and modulate neural activities by an induced electric field (EF. Composed of numerous independently driven coils, a multi-coil array has alternative energizing strategies to evoke EFs targeting at different cerebral regions. To improve the locating resolution and the stimulating focality, we need to fully understand the variation properties of induced EFs and the quantitative control method of the spatial arrangement of activating coils, both of which unfortunately are still unclear. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of EF properties was performed based on multi-coil arrays. Four types of planar multi-coil arrays were used to study the relationship between the spatial distribution of EFs and the structure of stimuli coils. By changing coil-driven strategies in a basic 16-coil array, we find that an EF induced by compactly distributed coils decays faster than that induced by dispersedly distributed coils, but the former has an advantage over the latter in terms of the activated brain volume. Simulation results also indicate that the attenuation rate of an EF induced by the 36-coil dense array is 3 times and 1.5 times greater than those induced by the 9-coil array and the 16-coil array, respectively. The EF evoked by the 36-coil dispense array has the slowest decay rate. This result demonstrates that larger multi-coil arrays, compared to smaller ones, activate deeper brain tissues at the expense of decreased focality. A further study on activating a specific field of a prescribed shape and size was conducted based on EF variation. Accurate target location was achieved with a 64-coil array 18 mm in diameter. A comparison between the figure-8 coil, the planar array, and the cap-formed array was made and demonstrates an improvement of multi-coil configurations in the penetration depth and the focality. These findings suggest

Comprehensive Survey on Improved Focality and Penetration Depth of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Employing Multi-Coil Arrays.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Xile; Li, Yao; Lu, Meili; Wang, Jiang; Yi, Guosheng

2017-11-14

Multi-coil arrays applied in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are proposed to accurately stimulate brain tissues and modulate neural activities by an induced electric field (EF). Composed of numerous independently driven coils, a multi-coil array has alternative energizing strategies to evoke EFs targeting at different cerebral regions. To improve the locating resolution and the stimulating focality, we need to fully understand the variation properties of induced EFs and the quantitative control method of the spatial arrangement of activating coils, both of which unfortunately are still unclear. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of EF properties was performed based on multi-coil arrays. Four types of planar multi-coil arrays were used to study the relationship between the spatial distribution of EFs and the structure of stimuli coils. By changing coil-driven strategies in a basic 16-coil array, we find that an EF induced by compactly distributed coils decays faster than that induced by dispersedly distributed coils, but the former has an advantage over the latter in terms of the activated brain volume. Simulation results also indicate that the attenuation rate of an EF induced by the 36-coil dense array is 3 times and 1.5 times greater than those induced by the 9-coil array and the 16-coil array, respectively. The EF evoked by the 36-coil dispense array has the slowest decay rate. This result demonstrates that larger multi-coil arrays, compared to smaller ones, activate deeper brain tissues at the expense of decreased focality. A further study on activating a specific field of a prescribed shape and size was conducted based on EF variation. Accurate target location was achieved with a 64-coil array 18 mm in diameter. A comparison between the figure-8 coil, the planar array, and the cap-formed array was made and demonstrates an improvement of multi-coil configurations in the penetration depth and the focality. These findings suggest that there is a

Conceptual design and simulation of HL-2A RMP coils power supply

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ren Qinghua; Wang Yingqiao; Li Qing

2015-01-01

The conceptual design and simulation of HL-2A resonant magnet perturbation (RMP) coils power supply are introduced, including its power supply topology, the selection of basic units and its control modes. The RMP coils will be energized by DC power supply with the amplitude up to 4 kA, or AC power supply with maximum amplitude up to 4 kA with adjustable frequency up to 1 kHz. Though choosing the sound power supply topology and its control modes, the RMP coils power supply can meet the requirements of both fast response and low current ripple to satisfy the ELM control and minimize adverse effects on plasma control as far as possible. (authors)

Development of real-time monitoring and control in COIL laser cutting for joint R and D between Korea and U.S

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chung, Chin Man; Kim, Cheol Jung; Kim, Min Suk; Baik, Sung Hoon; Kwon, Sung Ok; Park, Sun Kyu

2000-12-01

The laser monitoring and control technique investigated to experiment for cutting kerf width and result of laser cutting for D and D of nuclear facility. The demands for this laser monitoring and control technique were applied to process control in laser cutting and to fabricate monitoring and control system, focusing lens assembly. This system can had a advantage to monitor and control the laser cutting on real time. KAERI investigated the COIL laser and monitored 2 kW laser power.

Development of real-time monitoring and control in COIL laser cutting for joint R and D between Korea and U.S

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, Chin Man; Kim, Cheol Jung; Kim, Min Suk; Baik, Sung Hoon; Kwon, Sung Ok; Park, Sun Kyu

2000-12-01

The laser monitoring and control technique investigated to experiment for cutting kerf width and result of laser cutting for D and D of nuclear facility. The demands for this laser monitoring and control technique were applied to process control in laser cutting and to fabricate monitoring and control system, focusing lens assembly. This system can had a advantage to monitor and control the laser cutting on real time. KAERI investigated the COIL laser and monitored 2 kW laser power

Energía mareomotriz: potencial energético y medio ambiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Rodrigo Quintero González

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La energía mareomotriz ha tenido un gran desarrollo en relación a su potencial energético y el estudio de sus impactos ambientales. Este trabajo presenta una perspectiva acerca de estos dos aspectos que han sido ampliamente evaluados en diferentes países. Se concluye que el potencial energético de la energía mareomotriz es significativo, en relación con las capacidades instaladas de las plantas de energía actualmente en operación, con el incremento de la producción energética anual y con el número de nuevos proyectos en el marco global. Se indica también que existen impactos ambientales moderados con su implementación.

Development of high electrical resistance persistent current switch for high speed energization system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jizo, Y.; Furuta, Y.; Nakashima, H.

1986-01-01

Japanese National Railways is now developing a superconducting magnetically-levitated train system. A persistent current switch is incorporated in the super-conducting magnet used in the magnetically-levitated train. In recent years, the switch has been required to have higher electrical resistance during its off-state in order to realize the high speed energization/de-energization system of the superconducting magnets. The system aims to decrease evaporation volume of liquid helium during the energization/de-energization of the magnet, by means of energizing the superconducting magnet with high current increasing/decreasing rate. Consequently, it would be possible to decrease the dependence of the on-board magnet system upon the ground cooling system. Through the development of a stable superconductive wire material and a coil structure for the persistent current switch using many small model switches which were produced in order to improve their current carrying capacities, the authors have succeeded in manufacturing the high electrical resistance persistent current switch whose electrical resistance was 5 ohms. The switch, of cylindrical shape, has a diameter of about 100mm, a length of about 100mm. These 5 ohm PCSs are now functioning in stable conditions being incorporated in the superconducting magnets of No.2 vehicle of MLU001 at the JNR's Miyazaki test track. Further, the authors are now developing the PCS of still higher resistance values, such as 50 ohms, through studies for stabilization in structural aspects of the winding and obtaining results therefrom

'Leak Current' correction for critical current measurement of no-insulation HTS coil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Jung Bin [Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS, Grenoble (France); Hahn, Seung Yong [Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2017-06-15

Discrepancy between a power supply current and an actual “spiral” coil current makes the conventional 4-probe measurement of a critical current (I{sub c}) of a no-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil inaccurate and time-consuming. This paper presents a fast and accurate approach for I{sub c} measurement of NI HTS coils. With an NI HTS coil energized at a constant ramping rate, a complete analytic expression for the spiral coil current was obtained from a first-order partial differential equation that derived from an equivalent circuit model of the NI coil. From the analytic solution, both spiral coil current and radial leak current can be obtained simultaneously, which enables fast and accurate measurement of the NI coil I{sub c}. To verify the proposed approach, an NI double-pancake (DP) coil, wound with GdBCO tapes of 6 mm × 0.1 mm, was constructed and its Ic was repeatedly measured with various ramping rates in a bath of liquid nitrogen at 77 K. The measured results agreed well with the calculated ones, which validates the proposed approach to measure I{sub c} of an NI HTS coil.

Status of the cold test facility for the JT-60SA tokamak toroidal field coils

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdel Maksoud, Walid, E-mail: walid.abdelmaksoud@cea.fr; Bargueden, Patrick; Bouty, André; Dispau, Gilles; Donati, André; Eppelle, Dominique; Genini, Laurent; Guiho, Patrice; Guihard, Quentin; Joubert, Jean-Michel; Kuster, Olivier; Médioni, Damien; Molinié, Frédéric; Sinanna, Armand; Solenne, Nicolas; Somson, Sébastien; Vieillard, Laurence

2015-10-15

Highlights: • The 5 K cryogenic loop includes a 500 W refrigerator and a She cold pump. • The coils are energized thanks to a 25.7 kA power supply and HTS current leads. • Temperature margin tests between 5 K and 7.5 K will be made on each coil. • A magnet safety system protects each double pancake of the coil in case of quench. • Instrumentation is monitored on a 1 Hz to 10 kHz fast acquisition system. - Abstract: JT-60SA is a fusion experiment which is jointly constructed by Japan and Europe and which shall contribute to the early realization of fusion energy, by providing support to the operation of ITER, and by addressing key physics issues for ITER and DEMO. In order to achieve these goals, the existing JT-60U experiment will be upgraded to JT-60SA by using superconducting coils. The 18 TF coils of the JT-60SA device will be provided by European industry and tested in a Cold Test Facility (CTF) at CEA Saclay. The coils will be tested at the nominal current of 25.7 kA and will be cooled with supercritical helium between 5 K and 7.5 K to check the temperature margin against a quench. The main objective of these tests is to check the TF coils performance and hence mitigate the fabrication risks. The most important components of the facility are: a 11.5 m × 6.5 m large cryostat in which the TF coils will be thermally insulated by vacuum; a 500 W helium refrigerator and a valve box to cool the coils down to 5 K and circulate 24 g/s of supercritical helium through the winding pack and through the casing; a power supply and HTS current leads to energize the coil; the control and instrumentation equipment (sensors, PLC's, supervision system, fast data acquisition system, etc.) and the Magnet Safety System (MSS) that protects the coils in case of quench. The paper will give an overview of the design of this large facility and the status of its realization.

Effects of Slip Planes on Stresses in MICE Coupling Solenoid Coil Assembly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Li; Pan, Heng; Wu, Hong; Guo, XingLong; Cheng, Y.; Green, Michael A.

2010-01-01

The MICE superconducting coupling solenoid magnet is made from copper matrix Nb-Ti conductors with inner radius of 750 mm, length of 285 mm and thickness of 110.4 mm at room temperature. The coil is to be wound on a mandrel made of aluminum. The peak magnetic field on the conductor is about 7.3 T when fully charged at 210 A. High magnetic field and large size make the stress inside the coupling coil assembly relatively high during cool down and full energizing. The shear stress between coil winding and aluminum casing may cause premature quench. To avoid quench potential induced by stress, slip planes were designed for the coil assembly. In this paper, FE models with and without slip planes for it have been developed to simulate the stresses during the process including winding, cooling down and charging. The stress distribution in the coil assembly with and without slip planes was investigated. The results show that slip planes with low friction coefficients can improve the stress condition in the coil, especially reduce the shear stress largely so that improve the stability.

Persistent-current switch for pancake coils of rare earth-barium-copper-oxide high-temperature superconductor: Design and test results of a double-pancake coil operated in liquid nitrogen (77–65 K) and in solid nitrogen (60–57 K)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qu, Timing; Michael, Philip C.; Bascuñán, Juan; Iwasa, Yukikazu, E-mail: iwasa@jokaku.mit.edu [Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Voccio, John [Wentworth Institute of Technology, 550 Huntington Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 (United States); Hahn, Seungyong [National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 2031 Paul Dirac Drive, Florida 32310 (United States)

2016-08-22

We present design and test results of a superconducting persistent current switch (PCS) for pancake coils of rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide, REBCO, high-temperature superconductor (HTS). Here, a REBCO double-pancake (DP) coil, 152-mm ID, 168-mm OD, 12-mm high, was wound with a no-insulation technique. We converted a ∼10-cm long section in the outermost layer of each pancake to a PCS. The DP coil was operated in liquid nitrogen (77–65 K) and in solid nitrogen (60–57 K). Over the operating temperature ranges of this experiment, the normal-state PCS enabled the DP coil to be energized; thereupon, the PCS resumed the superconducting state and the DP coil field decayed with a time constant of 100 h, which would have been nearly infinite, i.e., persistent-mode operation, were the joint across the coil terminals superconducting.

Microstructural characteristics of the laser welded joint of ITER correction coil sub case

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fang, Chao, E-mail: fangchao@ipp.ac.cn [ASIPP, Shushan Hu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Lappeenranta University of Technology, Skinnarilankatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta (Finland); Song, Yuntao; Wei, Jing; Xin, Jijun [ASIPP, Shushan Hu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Wu, Huapeng; Handroos, Hekki; Salminen, Antti [Lappeenranta University of Technology, Skinnarilankatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta (Finland); Li, Hongwei [ITER China, 15B Fuxing Road, Beijing 100862 (China); Libeyre, Paul; Dolgetta, Nello [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 St Paul lez Durance (France)

2015-10-15

Highlights: • The multi-pass laser welding was developed for the ITER CC case manufacture. • The laser welding procedure was studied and optimized. • The microstructural characteristic of the welded joint was discussed. - Abstract: The ITER correction coil (CC) case reinforces the winding packs against the electromagnetic loads, minimizes stresses and deformations to the winding pack. The cases are made of high strength and high toughness austenitic stainless steel (316LN) hot rolled heavy plate and have a thickness of 20 mm. Considering the small cross-section and large dimensions of the case, deformation of the case when welding becomes a challenge in the case manufacturing. Therefore, laser welding was developed as the main welding technology for manufacturing. In this paper, multi-pass laser welding technology is used, the laser weldability of a 20 mm thick 316LN austenitic stainless steel plate is studied and the microstructure of the welded joint is analyzed. The welding experiment used an YLS-6000 fiber laser (IPG) and weld filler of 316LMn to match the base metal was used. The result shows that the welded joint has no obvious surface and internal defects based on the optimized welding parameters. The weld joint have a fine austenite microstructure and display columnar dendrites and cellular grains with strong directional characteristics. No apparent heat affected zone is observed and approximately 2 μm an austenite microstructure of the fusion line is clearly presented.

Microstructural characteristics of the laser welded joint of ITER correction coil sub case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fang, Chao; Song, Yuntao; Wei, Jing; Xin, Jijun; Wu, Huapeng; Handroos, Hekki; Salminen, Antti; Li, Hongwei; Libeyre, Paul; Dolgetta, Nello

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The multi-pass laser welding was developed for the ITER CC case manufacture. • The laser welding procedure was studied and optimized. • The microstructural characteristic of the welded joint was discussed. - Abstract: The ITER correction coil (CC) case reinforces the winding packs against the electromagnetic loads, minimizes stresses and deformations to the winding pack. The cases are made of high strength and high toughness austenitic stainless steel (316LN) hot rolled heavy plate and have a thickness of 20 mm. Considering the small cross-section and large dimensions of the case, deformation of the case when welding becomes a challenge in the case manufacturing. Therefore, laser welding was developed as the main welding technology for manufacturing. In this paper, multi-pass laser welding technology is used, the laser weldability of a 20 mm thick 316LN austenitic stainless steel plate is studied and the microstructure of the welded joint is analyzed. The welding experiment used an YLS-6000 fiber laser (IPG) and weld filler of 316LMn to match the base metal was used. The result shows that the welded joint has no obvious surface and internal defects based on the optimized welding parameters. The weld joint have a fine austenite microstructure and display columnar dendrites and cellular grains with strong directional characteristics. No apparent heat affected zone is observed and approximately 2 μm an austenite microstructure of the fusion line is clearly presented.

Stability improvement for coil position locking of joule balance

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Yang; Liu, Yongmeng; Lu, Yunfeng; Hu, Pengcheng; Wang, Dawei; Li, Zhengkun; Tan, Jiubin; Zhang, Zhonghua

2017-08-01

The relative vertical position locking precision between the exciting and suspended coils is an important uncertainty for the Planck constant traceability in joule balance. In order to improve the relative vertical position locking precision, several stability experiments are conducted. The stability characteristics of the suspended and exciting coils are measured using a six-axis laser interferometer system; meanwhile, the effectiveness of the active vibration isolation table is measured using a vibration measurement sensor. The piezoelectric ceramic actuators with PID controller are used to compensate the relative vertical displacement drifts while a six-axis laser interferometer system is used to measure the positions of two coils. Experimental results show that the relative vertical position is stably locked.

Direct measurement of kilo-tesla level magnetic field generated with laser-driven capacitor-coil target by proton deflectometry

Science.gov (United States)

Law, K. F. F.; Bailly-Grandvaux, M.; Morace, A.; Sakata, S.; Matsuo, K.; Kojima, S.; Lee, S.; Vaisseau, X.; Arikawa, Y.; Yogo, A.; Kondo, K.; Zhang, Z.; Bellei, C.; Santos, J. J.; Fujioka, S.; Azechi, H.

2016-02-01

A kilo-tesla level, quasi-static magnetic field (B-field), which is generated with an intense laser-driven capacitor-coil target, was measured by proton deflectometry with a proper plasma shielding. Proton deflectometry is a direct and reliable method to diagnose strong, mm3-scale laser-produced B-field; however, this was not successful in the previous experiment. A target-normal-sheath-accelerated proton beam is deflected by Lorentz force in the laser-produced magnetic field with the resulting deflection pattern recorded on a radiochromic film stack. A 610 ± 30 T of B-field amplitude was inferred by comparing the experimental proton pattern with Monte-Carlo calculations. The amplitude and temporal evolutions of the laser-generated B-field were also measured by a differential magnetic probe, independently confirming the proton deflectometry measurement results.

Design of the dummy coil for magnet power supply

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Chang-Hwan; Choi, Jae-Hoon; Jin, Jong-Kook; Lee, Dong-Keun; Kong, Jong-Dea; Joung, Nam-Young; Kim, Sang-Tae; Kim, Young-Jin; Kim, Yang-Soo; Kwon, Myeun

2013-01-01

Highlights: • It is necessary to confirm safety of the MPS on a dummy coil before the operating it. • We selected and designed the water cooling type dummy coil to test on the MPS's rating (12.5 kA) test. • For the design of the dummy coil, we considered requirements about electrical, structural and water cooling. • We will test as the rating power after MPS upgrade and that test will do before every KSTAR campaign. -- Abstract: It is necessary to test it on a dummy coil, before using a magnet power supply (MPS) to energize a Poloidal Field (PF) coil in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. The dummy coil should accept the same large current from the MPS as the PF coil and be within the capability of the utilities located at the KSTAR site. Therefore a coil design based on the characteristics of the MPS and other restrictive conditions needed to be made. There are three requirements to be met in the design: an electrical requirement, a structural requirement, and a water cooling requirement. The electrical requirement was that the coil should have an inductance of 40 mH. For the structural requirement, the material should be non magnetic. The coil support structure and water cooling manifold were made of SUS 304. The water cooling requirement was that there should be sufficient flow rate so that the temperature rise ΔT should not exceed 12 °C for operation at 12.5 kA for 5 min. Square cross-section hollow conductor with dimensions of 38.1 mm × 38.1 mm was used with a 25.4 mm center hole for cooling water. However, as a result of tests, it was found that the electrical and structural requirements were satisfied but that the water cooling was over designed. It is imperative that the verification will be redone for a test with 12.5 kA for 5 min

Design of the dummy coil for magnet power supply

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Chang-Hwan, E-mail: kch2004@nfri.re.kr; Choi, Jae-Hoon; Jin, Jong-Kook; Lee, Dong-Keun; Kong, Jong-Dea; Joung, Nam-Young; Kim, Sang-Tae; Kim, Young-Jin; Kim, Yang-Soo; Kwon, Myeun

2013-11-15

Highlights: • It is necessary to confirm safety of the MPS on a dummy coil before the operating it. • We selected and designed the water cooling type dummy coil to test on the MPS's rating (12.5 kA) test. • For the design of the dummy coil, we considered requirements about electrical, structural and water cooling. • We will test as the rating power after MPS upgrade and that test will do before every KSTAR campaign. -- Abstract: It is necessary to test it on a dummy coil, before using a magnet power supply (MPS) to energize a Poloidal Field (PF) coil in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. The dummy coil should accept the same large current from the MPS as the PF coil and be within the capability of the utilities located at the KSTAR site. Therefore a coil design based on the characteristics of the MPS and other restrictive conditions needed to be made. There are three requirements to be met in the design: an electrical requirement, a structural requirement, and a water cooling requirement. The electrical requirement was that the coil should have an inductance of 40 mH. For the structural requirement, the material should be non magnetic. The coil support structure and water cooling manifold were made of SUS 304. The water cooling requirement was that there should be sufficient flow rate so that the temperature rise ΔT should not exceed 12 °C for operation at 12.5 kA for 5 min. Square cross-section hollow conductor with dimensions of 38.1 mm × 38.1 mm was used with a 25.4 mm center hole for cooling water. However, as a result of tests, it was found that the electrical and structural requirements were satisfied but that the water cooling was over designed. It is imperative that the verification will be redone for a test with 12.5 kA for 5 min.

Design and Optimization of a 3-Coil Inductive Link for Efficient Wireless Power Transmission.

Science.gov (United States)

Kiani, Mehdi; Jow, Uei-Ming; Ghovanloo, Maysam

2011-07-14

Inductive power transmission is widely used to energize implantable microelectronic devices (IMDs), recharge batteries, and energy harvesters. Power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) are two key parameters in wireless links, which affect the energy source specifications, heat dissipation, power transmission range, and interference with other devices. To improve the PTE, a 4-coil inductive link has been recently proposed. Through a comprehensive circuit based analysis that can guide a design and optimization scheme, we have shown that despite achieving high PTE at larger coil separations, the 4-coil inductive links fail to achieve a high PDL. Instead, we have proposed a 3-coil inductive power transfer link with comparable PTE over its 4-coil counterpart at large coupling distances, which can also achieve high PDL. We have also devised an iterative design methodology that provides the optimal coil geometries in a 3-coil inductive power transfer link. Design examples of 2-, 3-, and 4-coil inductive links have been presented, and optimized for 13.56 MHz carrier frequency and 12 cm coupling distance, showing PTEs of 15%, 37%, and 35%, respectively. At this distance, the PDL of the proposed 3-coil inductive link is 1.5 and 59 times higher than its equivalent 2- and 4-coil links, respectively. For short coupling distances, however, 2-coil links remain the optimal choice when a high PDL is required, while 4-coil links are preferred when the driver has large output resistance or small power is needed. These results have been verified through simulations and measurements.

Design of voice coil motor dynamic focusing unit for a laser scanner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Moon G.; Kim, Gaeun; Lee, Chan-Woo; Lee, Soo-Hun; Jeon, Yongho, E-mail: princaps@ajou.ac.kr [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-749 (Korea, Republic of)

2014-04-15

Laser scanning systems have been used for material processing tasks such as welding, cutting, marking, and drilling. However, applications have been limited by the small range of motion and slow speed of the focusing unit, which carries the focusing optics. To overcome these limitations, a dynamic focusing system with a long travel range and high speed is needed. In this study, a dynamic focusing unit for a laser scanning system with a voice coil motor (VCM) mechanism is proposed to enable fast speed and a wide focusing range. The VCM has finer precision and higher speed than conventional step motors and a longer travel range than earlier lead zirconium titanate actuators. The system has a hollow configuration to provide a laser beam path. This also makes it compact and transmission-free and gives it low inertia. The VCM's magnetics are modeled using a permeance model. Its design parameters are determined by optimization using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno method and a sequential quadratic programming algorithm. After the VCM is designed, the dynamic focusing unit is fabricated and assembled. The permeance model is verified by a magnetic finite element method simulation tool, Maxwell 2D and 3D, and by measurement data from a gauss meter. The performance is verified experimentally. The results show a resolution of 0.2 μm and travel range of 16 mm. These are better than those of conventional focusing systems; therefore, this focusing unit can be applied to laser scanning systems for good machining capability.

Three-dimensional finite element magnetic simulation of an innovative multi-coiled magnetorheological brake

Science.gov (United States)

Ubaidillah; Permata, A. N. S.; Mazlan, S. A.; Tjahjana, D. D. D. P.; Widodo, P. J.

2017-10-01

This research delivers a finite element magnetic simulation of a novel disk type multi-coil magnetorheological brake (MR brake). The MR brake axial design had more than one coil located outside of the casing. This design could simplify the maintenance process of brakes. One pair of coils was used as the representative of the entire coil in the simulation process, and it could distribute magnetic flux in all parts of the electromagnetic. The objective of this simulation was to produce magnetic flux on the surface of the disc brake rotor. The value of the MR brake magnetic flux was higher than that of the current MR brake having one coil with a larger size. The result of the simulation would be used to identify the effect of different fluids on each variation. The Magneto-rheological fluid MRF-132DG and MRF-140CG were injected in each gap as much as 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mm, respectively. On the simulation process, the coils were energized at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 A, respectively. The magnetic flux produced by MRF-140CG was 336 m Tesla on the gap of 0.5 mm. The result of the simulation shows that the smaller the gap variation was, the higher the magnetic value was.

The Structures of Coiled-Coil Domains from Type III Secretion System Translocators Reveal Homology to Pore-Forming Toxins

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barta, Michael L.; Dickenson, Nicholas E.; Patil, Mrinalini; Keightley, Andrew; Wyckoff, Gerald J.; Picking, William D.; Picking, Wendy L.; Geisbrecht, Brian V. (UMKC); (OKLU)

2012-03-26

Many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria utilize type III secretion systems (T3SSs) to alter the normal functions of target cells. Shigella flexneri uses its T3SS to invade human intestinal cells to cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) that is responsible for over one million deaths per year. The Shigella type III secretion apparatus is composed of a basal body spanning both bacterial membranes and an exposed oligomeric needle. Host altering effectors are secreted through this energized unidirectional conduit to promote bacterial invasion. The active needle tip complex of S. flexneri is composed of a tip protein, IpaD, and two pore-forming translocators, IpaB and IpaC. While the atomic structure of IpaD has been elucidated and studied, structural data on the hydrophobic translocators from the T3SS family remain elusive. We present here the crystal structures of a protease-stable fragment identified within the N-terminal regions of IpaB from S. flexneri and SipB from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium determined at 2.1 {angstrom} and 2.8 {angstrom} limiting resolution, respectively. These newly identified domains are composed of extended-length (114 {angstrom} in IpaB and 71 {angstrom} in SipB) coiled-coil motifs that display a high degree of structural homology to one another despite the fact that they share only 21% sequence identity. Further structural comparisons also reveal substantial similarity to the coiled-coil regions of pore-forming proteins from other Gram-negative pathogens, notably, colicin Ia. This suggests that these mechanistically separate and functionally distinct membrane-targeting proteins may have diverged from a common ancestor during the course of pathogen-specific evolutionary events.

Using magnetic coils to produce periodically applied forces to maintain the high speed movement of bodies and vehicles, particularly in tubes evacuated of air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedrick, A.P.

1976-01-01

An arrangement is described in which a body is accelerated or maintained in motion along a track that passes through a number of annular electromagnet coils, the length of the body being substantially less than the distance between two adjacent coils. A series if electronmagnetically produced force pulses is applied to the body as it passes through successive coils, by the use of an automatic switch operated by the body. Control is provided so that each coil is de-energized at or before maximum magnetic flux linkage is attained between coil and body, the arrangement being such that the body is accelerated into the coil, but leaves it at a much reduced flux linkage. The possible uses of such an arrangement are mentioned: these include the acceleration of bullets, incorporating D and T in pellet form in their concave noses, to obtain a nuclear fusion reaction. (U.K.)

Study on Dynamic Alignment Technology of COIL Resonator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiong, M D; Zou, X J; Guo, J H; Jia, S N; Zhang, Z B

2006-01-01

The performance of great power chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) beam is decided mostly by resonator mirror maladjustment and environment vibration. To improve the performance of light beam, an auto-alignment device is used in COIL resonator, the device can keep COIL resonator collimating by adjusting the optical components of resonator. So the coupling model of COIL resonator is present. The multivariable self study fuzzy uncoupling arithmetic and six-dimensional micro drive technology are used to design a six-input-three-output uncoupling controller, resulting in the realization of the high precision dynamic alignment. The experiments indicate that the collimating range of this system is 8 mrad, precision is 5 urad and frequency response is 20Hz, which meet the demand of resonator alignment system

Energía financiera

OpenAIRE

Altuve G., José G.

2016-01-01

La energía financiera surge como consecuencia de la unión de los conceptos energía y financiera. La primera, como la acción a seguir en un momento del tiempo, y la segunda vinculada al manejo de variables tales como: Estructura financiera y su costo de capital y, las decisiones de inversión consideradas bajo riesgo. Si se armonizan estos dos aspectos estamos en presencia de la fusión de la energía y la administración financiera en dos de sus variables más importantes. Financial power arise...

The Pre-compression System of the Toroidal Field Coils in ITER

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knaster, J.; Jong, C.; Vollmann, T.; Ferrari, M.

2006-01-01

The Toroidal Field (TF) coils of ITER will undergo out-of-plane forces caused by the machine poloidal fields required to maintain the toroidal stability of the plasma. These forces will be supported against overturning moments by links between the coils. In turn, these links consist of the Inner Intercoil Structure (IIC), which are composed by 2 sets of 4 poloidal shear keys inserted in slots between adjacent coils placed at the top and bottom part of the inboard leg, and the Outer Intercoil Structure (OIS) formed by 4 bands of shear panels at the outboard leg. The magnetic forces during energization of ITER would cause at IIC locations a toroidal gap between adjacent TF coils of 0.35 mm; during plasma operation this value could reach >1 mm causing a loosening of the keys and intensifying stress concentrations. This undesired effect will be suppressed by the application of a centripetal force of 70 MN per coil (35 MN at both the bottom and top part of the inboard leg of each of the 18 TF coils) that will be provided by 2 sets of 3 fibre-glass epoxy composite rings submitted to a toroidal hoop force of 100 MN per set. The calculated maximum stress in the rings will occur during the installation phase at room temperature, where the maximum radial elongation (∼ 25 mm) is required, and it will be less than 30% of its ultimate stress. The imposed elongation to reach that force and the lower Young modulus of the composite compared with the stainless steel one will ease component tolerances and/or settlement effects in the final assembly. (author)

Induction heat treatment of laser welds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bagger, Claus; Olsen, Flemming Ove; Sørensen, Joakim Ilsing

2003-01-01

of an induction coil. A number of systematic laboratory tests were then performed in order to study the effects of the coil on bead-on-plate laser welded samples. In these tests, important parameters such as coil current and distance between coil and sample were varied. Temperature measurements were made...... the laser beam as close as possible. After welding, the samples were quality assessed according to ISO 13.919-1 and tested for hardness. The metallurgical phases are analysed and briefly described. A comparison between purely laser welded samples and induction heat-treated laser welded samples is made......In this paper, a new approach based on induction heat-treatment of flat laser welded sheets is presented. With this new concept, the ductility of high strength steels GA260 with a thickness of 1.8 mm and CMn with a thickness of 2.13 mm is believed to be improved by prolonging the cooling time from...

The pre-compression system of the toroidal field coils in ITER

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knaster, J.; Ferrari, M.; Jong, C.; Vollmann, T.

2007-01-01

The toroidal field (TF) coils of ITER will undergo out-of-plane forces caused by the poloidal fields required to confine the plasma. These forces will be supported against overturning moments by links between the coils. In turn, these links consist of the inner intercoil structure (IIC), which is composed of two pairs (placed at the top and bottom part of the inboard leg) of four sets of poloidal shear keys inserted in slots between adjacent coils, and the outer intercoil structure (OIS) formed by four bands of shear panels on the outboard leg. The magnetic forces during energization of ITER would cause at IIC locations at toroidal gap between adjacent TF coils of 0.35 mm; during plasma operation this value could reach >1 mm causing a loosening of the keys and intensifying stress concentrations. This undesired effect will be suppressed by the application of a centripetal force of 70 MN/coil (35 MN at both the bottom and top part of the inboard leg of each of the 18 TF coils) that will be provided by two sets of three glass fibre/epoxy composite rings submitted to a toroidal hoop force of 100 MN/set. The calculated maximum stress in the rings will occur during the installation phase at room temperature, where the maximum radial elongation (∼25 mm) is required, and it reaches 1/5 of the composite presently estimated ultimate stress. The imposed elongation to reach that force and the lower Young's modulus of the composite compared with that of stainless steel will ease component tolerances and/or settlement effects in the final assembly. The paper describes the evolution in the design of the pre-compression system, from the conceptual phase when two circular cross-sections rings were considered to the present definitive one with three rectangular cross-section rings

High power lasers & systems

OpenAIRE

Chatwin, Chris; Young, Rupert; Birch, Philip

2015-01-01

Some laser history;\\ud Airborne Laser Testbed & Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL);\\ud Laser modes and beam propagation;\\ud Fibre lasers and applications;\\ud US Navy Laser system – NRL 33kW fibre laser;\\ud Lockheed Martin 30kW fibre laser;\\ud Conclusions

Energized Oxygen : Speiser Current Sheet Bifurcation

Science.gov (United States)

George, D. E.; Jahn, J. M.

2017-12-01

A single population of energized Oxygen (O+) is shown to produce a cross-tail bifurcated current sheet in 2.5D PIC simulations of the magnetotail without the influence of magnetic reconnection. Treatment of oxygen in simulations of space plasmas, specifically a magnetotail current sheet, has been limited to thermal energies despite observations of and mechanisms which explain energized ions. We performed simulations of a homogeneous oxygen background, that has been energized in a physically appropriate manner, to study the behavior of current sheets and magnetic reconnection, specifically their bifurcation. This work uses a 2.5D explicit Particle-In-a-Cell (PIC) code to investigate the dynamics of energized heavy ions as they stream Dawn-to-Dusk in the magnetotail current sheet. We present a simulation study dealing with the response of a current sheet system to energized oxygen ions. We establish a, well known and studied, 2-species GEM Challenge Harris current sheet as a starting point. This system is known to eventually evolve and produce magnetic reconnection upon thinning of the current sheet. We added a uniform distribution of thermal O+ to the background. This 3-species system is also known to eventually evolve and produce magnetic reconnection. We add one additional variable to the system by providing an initial duskward velocity to energize the O+. We also traced individual particle motion within the PIC simulation. Three main results are shown. First, energized dawn- dusk streaming ions are clearly seen to exhibit sustained Speiser motion. Second, a single population of heavy ions clearly produces a stable bifurcated current sheet. Third, magnetic reconnection is not required to produce the bifurcated current sheet. Finally a bifurcated current sheet is compatible with the Harris current sheet model. This work is the first step in a series of investigations aimed at studying the effects of energized heavy ions on magnetic reconnection. This work differs

Estudio energético del sistema eléctrico en Ecuador. Impulso a la Energía Solar Fotovoltaica

OpenAIRE

Eras Almeida, Andrea Alejandra

2012-01-01

La realización de este proyecto en base a la legislación que promueve el desarrollo de la energía limpia, pretende mostrar los cambios que tendrá la matriz energética del Ecuador si se impone un aporte renovable a la producción de energía y sus beneficios con sus futuros proyectos emblemáticos. Así también, pretende el impulso a la energía solar fotovolataica a nivel de construcciones fijas, con inversión privada y para beneficio de la sociedad misma.

Molecular basis of coiled-coil oligomerization-state specificity.

Science.gov (United States)

Ciani, Barbara; Bjelic, Saša; Honnappa, Srinivas; Jawhari, Hatim; Jaussi, Rolf; Payapilly, Aishwarya; Jowitt, Thomas; Steinmetz, Michel O; Kammerer, Richard A

2010-11-16

Coiled coils are extensively and successfully used nowadays to rationally design multistranded structures for applications, including basic research, biotechnology, nanotechnology, materials science, and medicine. The wide range of applications as well as the important functions these structures play in almost all biological processes highlight the need for a detailed understanding of the factors that control coiled-coil folding and oligomerization. Here, we address the important and unresolved question why the presence of particular oligomerization-state determinants within a coiled coil does frequently not correlate with its topology. We found an unexpected, general link between coiled-coil oligomerization-state specificity and trigger sequences, elements that are indispensable for coiled-coil formation. By using the archetype coiled-coil domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 as a model system, we show that well-established trimer-specific oligomerization-state determinants switch the peptide's topology from a dimer to a trimer only when inserted into the trigger sequence. We successfully confirmed our results in two other, unrelated coiled-coil dimers, ATF1 and cortexillin-1. We furthermore show that multiple topology determinants can coexist in the same trigger sequence, revealing a delicate balance of the resulting oligomerization state by position-dependent forces. Our experimental results should significantly improve the prediction of the oligomerization state of coiled coils. They therefore should have major implications for the rational design of coiled coils and consequently many applications using these popular oligomerization domains.

Energía minihidráulica : una alternativa energética para electrificación rural

OpenAIRE

Agudelo Flórez, Sergio Cipriano; Chamorro Rendón, Luis Javier

2002-01-01

Entre las actividades del Grupo de Energía Alternativa (GEA) de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Antioquia, se pretende el desarrollo de prototipos que aprovechen las fuentes no convencionales para la producción de energía eléctrica y así satisfacer las necesidades insatisfechas de las viviendas rurales aisladas de la red energética nacional. En la región del Oriente antioqueño, se encontró un formidable recurso hidráulico de grandes ríos, quebradas y fuentes de agua cercanas a ...

A periodic table of coiled-coil protein structures.

Science.gov (United States)

Moutevelis, Efrosini; Woolfson, Derek N

2009-01-23

Coiled coils are protein structure domains with two or more alpha-helices packed together via interlacing of side chains known as knob-into-hole packing. We analysed and classified a large set of coiled-coil structures using a combination of automated and manual methods. This led to a systematic classification that we termed a "periodic table of coiled coils," which we have made available at http://coiledcoils.chm.bris.ac.uk/ccplus/search/periodic_table. In this table, coiled-coil assemblies are arranged in columns with increasing numbers of alpha-helices and in rows of increased complexity. The table provides a framework for understanding possibilities in and limits on coiled-coil structures and a basis for future prediction, engineering and design studies.

Application of high-temperature superconducting coil for internal ring devices

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogawa, Yuichi [High Temperature Plasma Center, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568 (Japan)]. E-mail: ogawa@ppl.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Morikawa, Junji [High Temperature Plasma Center, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568 (Japan); Mito, Toshiyuki [National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292 (Japan); Yanagi, Nagato [National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292 (Japan); Iwakuma, Masataka [Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan)

2006-11-15

A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil is applied for plasma confinement devices, where plasma is confined with a magnetic field of a floating HTS coil. The internal coil device mini-RT with a BSCCO tape has been constructed, in which the coil major radius and magnetomotive force are 0.15 m and 50 kA, respectively. The coil is cooled to 20 K with a helium gas by using a demountable transfer tube and check valve system. The coil current is directly excited by the external power supply with demountable electrodes. To reduce the heat load, the electrodes were cooled with liquid nitrogen. The levitation experiment of the HTS coil has been carried out. The position of the HTS coil is measured by laser sensors, and is feedback-controlled with the levitation coil current. We have succeeded in levitating the HTS coil during 1 h with accuracy of less than 20 {mu}m. The magnetic field strength near the internal coil is around 0.1 T, and a radio-frequency wave of 2.45 GHz is applied for the plasma production. At the floating condition of the HTS coil, a high-density plasma with more than 10{sup 17} m{sup -3}, which is higher than the cut-off density of a 2.45 GHz microwave, has been produced. A new device RT-1 with a major radius of 0.25 m and a magnetomotive force of 250 kA is under construction, and a persistent current has been demonstrated. The feasibility on YBCO tape is briefly discussed.

Large coil task and results of testing US coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haubenreich, P.N.

1986-01-01

The United States, EURATOM, Japan, and Switzerland have collaborated since 1978 in development of superconducting toroidal field coils for fusion reactor applications. The United States provided a test facility nd three coils; the other participants, one coil each. All coils have the same interface dimensions and performance requirements (stable at 8 T), but internal design was decided by each team. Two US coil teams chose bath-cooled NbTi, 10-kA conductors. One developed a Nb 3 Sn conductor, cooled by internal flow, rated at 18 kA. All US coils have diagnostic instrumentation and imbedded heaters that enable stability tests and simulated nuclear heating experiments. In single-coil tests, each coil operated at full current in self-field (6.4 T). In six-coil tests that began in July 1986, one US coil and the Japanese coil hve been successfully operated at full current at 8 T. The other coils have operated as background coils while awaiting their turn as test coil. Coil tests have been informative and results gratifying. The facility has capably supported coil testing and its operation has provided information that will be useful in designing future fusion systems. Coil capabilities beyond nominal design points will be determined

El futuro energético de Japón

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Francisca Casado

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Tras el triple desastre del 11 de marzo de 2011, Japón se encuentra en una encrucijada energética. A corto y medio plazo depende de las importaciones de combustibles fósiles para garantizar su seguridad energética, pero el largo plazo está por decidir y lo determinarán las decisiones que tome en estos años. Como consta en su Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional, para Japón la seguridad energética es una cuestión de seguridad nacional. El artículo revisa la trayectoria nuclear nipona, estudia cuáles son los factores que configuran el mercado eléctrico japonés y analiza su actual situación energética. Por otra parte, también repasa los principios que han marcado su política energética, deteniéndose a evaluar los dos últimos Planes Estratégicos de Energía –uno anterior y otro posterior a Fukushima- antes de adentrarse en el debate sobre la composición óptima del futuro mix energético para cumplir con su trilema de la seguridad energética, marcado por su compromiso con el medio ambiente.

Energized Learning

Science.gov (United States)

college-level courses. The site includes lessons and activities that develop specific skills and knowledge that planning for an energy efficient future involves knowledge of science, mathematics, economics and skepticism about their predictive power. At the core of the Energized Leaning site is a interactive web-based

Feasibility evaluations for the integration of laser butt welding of tubes in industrial pipe coil production lines

Science.gov (United States)

Penasa, Mauro; Colombo, Enrico; Giolfo, Mauro

1994-09-01

Due to the good performance shown by laser welded joints, to the quality and repeatability achievable by this welding technique and to its high process productivity, a feature inherent to the laser technology which, together with its high flexibility, allows different operations to be performed by a single source, consistent savings in a production line may be obtained. Therefore laser welding techniques may be of high relevance for industrial applications, provided that a sufficient attention is paid to avoiding a low utilization time to the operating laser source. The paper describes a feasibility study for the integration of a laser source as an automatic unit for circumferential butt welding of tubes in production lines of pipe coils, just before the cold bending station. Using a 6 kW CO2 source, thickness ranging from 3.5 to 11.2 mm in carbon, low alloyed Cr-Mo and austenitic stainless steels, have been successfully welded. Cr-Mo steels require on line preheating treatment, which however can be achieved by laser defocused passes just before welding. The results of the preliminary qualification performed on laser welded joints of the involved topologies of product (materials, diameters and thicknesses) are described together with technological tests required for approval: laser circumferential butt welding of tubes has proven to be effective, with satisfactory and repeatable results and good joint performances. An exhaustive comparison with current welding techniques (TIG, MIG) is then carried out, along with a detailed analysis of the potential advantages and benefits which may be expected by using the laser welding technique, as well as with a first estimation of the investments and running costs. Since laser productivity is saturated only at a rough 35% during the year, an accurate analysis of other possible applications and of a possible lay out of a laser working cell integrated in the factory production lines is performed. Usually little attention is

Energía y cambio climático

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilfredo Bulege Gutiérrez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Es claro que el crecimiento de la población, la extracción de materiales, la producción alimentaria y el incremento de energía para todas las actividades humanas nos conducen a un estado de colisión con las capacidades de la biosfera y los ecosistemas en el proceso de asegurar la provisión de bienes y servicios indispensables para la vida (1. La producción de energía convencional y contaminante es hoy una de las más graves en este escenario, tanto que la comunidad internacional y las potencias ya han empezado a dar muestras de preocupación por la seguridad energética y, con ello por la amenaza del cambio climático. En el actual cambio climático por primera vez se viene demostrando que la humanidad ha cambiado decisivamente un ciclo liberando CO2 a la atmósfera a través de la quema de combustibles fósiles y cambios en el uso del suelo por más de 500 000 años. El origen del cambio climático se remonta a dos grandes transformaciones en el uso de la energía. En primer lugar, la energía hidráulica fue reemplazada por el carbón, una fuente de energía condensada por la naturaleza a lo largo de millones de años. Fue el aprovechamiento del carbón para nuevas tecnologías lo que propulsó la revolución industrial y desató aumentos sin precedentes en la productividad. La segunda gran transformación ocurrió 150 años más tarde. El petróleo había sido una fuente de energía humana durante milenios. En China, por ejemplo, se registran pozos petroleros ya en el siglo IV. No obstante, la utilización del petróleo para los motores de combustión interna a comienzos del siglo XX marcó el inicio de una revolución en el transporte. La quema de carbón y petróleo, junto con el gas natural, ha transformado a las sociedades humanas al proveerle la energía impulsora de grandes aumentos en la riqueza y la productividad, pero también ha impulsado el cambio climático (2. La economía humana ha crecido vertiginosamente, se multiplic

Propuesta de la certificación energética, mediante simulación dinámica, como herramienta de gestión energética ISO 50001 Versus auditoria energética en edificios.

OpenAIRE

Rey Hernández, Javier María; Rey Hernández, Alberto; Velasco, Eloy; San José, Julio; Rey Martinez, Francisco Javier

2017-01-01

Producción Científica El objetivo es el estudio de la gestión energética ISO 50001, mediante las herramientas de sistema de gestión tales como la auditoría energética y compararlo con la certificación energética mediante simulación dinámica, aplicadas a un edificio universitario estándar. La metodología empleada para alcanzar unos resultados de ahorro y eficiencia energética, aplicados a un edificio universitario, pretenden servir de modelo para poder extrapolarlos a edificios que compo...

Conocimiento de Energía: Principios Esenciales y Conceptos Fundamentales para la Educación de Energía

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2014-06-01

This is the Spanish version of our Energy Literacy guidebook. Esta guía presenta conceptos de energía que, cuando se entienden y se aplican, ayudan a individuos y a comunidades a tomar decisiones sobre la energía con conocimiento de causa. No es un currículo sino que ofrece un marco sobre el cual puede basarse un plan de estudios. La guía se dirige a cualquier persona que participe en la educación de energía.

Extending the self-assembly of coiled-coil hybrids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Robson Marsden, Hana

2009-01-01

Of the various biomolecular building blocks in use in nature, coiled-coil forming peptides are amongst those with the most potential as building blocks for the synthetic self-assembly of nanostructures. Native coiled coils have the ability to function in, and influence, complex systems composed of

A low-cost, tunable laser lock without laser frequency modulation

Science.gov (United States)

Shea, Margaret E.; Baker, Paul M.; Gauthier, Daniel J.

2015-05-01

Many experiments in optical physics require laser frequency stabilization. This can be achieved by locking to an atomic reference using saturated absorption spectroscopy. Often, the laser frequency is modulated and phase sensitive detection used. This method, while well-proven and robust, relies on expensive components, can introduce an undesirable frequency modulation into the laser, and is not easily frequency tuned. Here, we report a simple locking scheme similar to those implemented previously. We modulate the atomic resonances in a saturated absorption setup with an AC magnetic field created by a single solenoid. The same coil applies a DC field that allows tuning of the lock point. We use an auto-balanced detector to make our scheme more robust against laser power fluctuations and stray magnetic fields. The coil, its driver, and the detector are home-built with simple, cheap components. Our technique is low-cost, simple to setup, tunable, introduces no laser frequency modulation, and only requires one laser. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the NSF through Grant # PHY-1206040.

Estudio de la autosuficiencia energética de una vivienda unifamiliar

OpenAIRE

Zeggaf, Itimad

2015-01-01

El título del proyecto es “Estudio de la autosuficiencia energética de una vivienda unifamiliar”. Una vivienda energéticamente autosuficiente no puede depender de ningún tipo de compañía para satisfacer las necesidades energéticas del usuario. Este proyecto estudia las necesidades energéticas de una vivienda unifamiliar habitada por 4 personas, planteando una solución que abastezca sus necesidades energéticas mediante las energías renovables. También se estudia el aprovechamiento del agua ...

Development of high power chemical oxygen lodine laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Cheol Jung; Choi, Y. D.; Chung, C. M.; Kim, M. S.; Baik, S. H.; Kwon, S. O.; Park, S. K.; Kim, T. S

2001-10-01

This project is directed to construct 10kW Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) for decommissioning of old nuclear facilities, and to get the key technology that can be used for the development of high energy laser weapon. COIL is possible up to MW class in proportion to the amount of chemical reaction. For this reason, high energy laser weapon including Airborne Laser (ABL) and Airborne Tactical Laser (ATL) has been developed as a military use in USA. Recently, many research group have been doing a development study of COIL for nuclear and industrial use in material processing such as cutting and decommissioning by combining laser beam delivery through optical fiber. The Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser of 6 kW output power has been developed in this project. The main technologies of chemical reaction and supersonic fluid control were developed. This technology can be applied for construction of 10 kW laser system. This laser can be used for old nuclear facilities and heavy industry by combining laser beam delivery through optical fiber. The development of High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon is necessary as a military use, and we conclude that Airborne Tactical Laser should be developed in our country.

Energía Undimotriz, alternativa para la producción de Energía Eléctrica en la Provincia de Santa Elena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rolando Calero

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La energía undimotriz, es la energía que permite obtener electricidad a partir de energía mecánica generada por el movimiento de las olas. Es uno de los tipos de energías renovables con más recientes estudios, y presenta enormes ventajas frente a otras energías renovables debido a que se tendría mayor facilidad para predecir condiciones geológicas óptimas que permitan la mayor eficiencia en sus procesos. Debido a que es más fácil llegar a predecir condiciones óptimas de oleaje, en comparación con la obtenida con  los vientos para obtener energía eólica, donde su variabilidad es menor.En este trabajo se espera aportar y dilucidar con datosespecíficos sobre la morfología de la zonamarítima en la provincia de Santa Elena, tratando depredecir si las características propias del lugar son idóneas  para producir electricidad en base a la implementación de energíaundimotriz, como fuente renovable no convencional utilizando las tecnologías actuales para este propósito.

Importancia de las energías renovables en la seguridad energética y su relación con el crecimiento económico.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilian Paola Umbarila Valencia

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La creciente demanda de las necesidades sociales a nivel global, impulsada por los hábitos de vida y la forma en la que se organizan las regiones ha llevado al crecimiento paralelo de la industria y con ello al creciente aumento del consumo de energía. Este artículo de investigación reflexiona acerca de la relevancia que tienen las energías renovables para la seguridad energética, teniendo en cuenta la inestabilidad de los precios del petróleo y su influencia en el mercado de los hidrocarburos como fuente primaria de energía. Se evidencian los avances que han tenido las tecnologías de energías renovables a nivel global, regional y local y el rol que juegan en la independencia energética y en la mitigación del impacto ambiental. Se concluye que las naciones deben buscar la optimización de las energías renovables desde los ámbitos: local, regional y global propendiendo por su uso adecuado desde la legislación. El futuro de las energías renovables está dado por la rentabilidad, ya que para que el uso de éstas siga creciendo, deben seguir atrayendo capital lo cual significa que los inversores deben ver una rentabilidad competitiva. Otra recomendación importante es la integración de la energía renovable en la red, incluyendo fuentes de generación intermitentes e incluso imprevisibles. 

Temas de Física para Ingeniería: Trabajo y energía

OpenAIRE

Beléndez, Augusto; Pastor Antón, Carlos; Bernabeu, Guillermo

1988-01-01

Apuntes de Mecánica: "Trabajo y energía". Trabajo y potencia. Energía cinética, teorema de la energía cinética. Fuerzas conservativas, energía potencial. Energía potencial gravitatoria. Principio de conservación de la energía mecánica. Choques.

Modular coils: a promising toroidal-reactor-coil system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu, T.K.; Furth, H.P.; Johnson, J.L.; Ludescher, C.; Weimer, K.E.

1981-04-01

The concept of modular coils originated from a need to find reactor-relevant stellarator windings, but its usefulness can be extended to provide an externally applied, additional rotational transform in tokamaks. Considerations of (1) basic principles of modular coils, (2) types of coils, (3) types of configurations (general, helically symmetric, helically asymmetric, with magnetic well, with magnetic hill), (4) types of rotational transform profile, and (5) structure and origin of ripples are given. These results show that modular coils can offer a wide range of vacuum magnetic field configurations, some of which cannot be obtained with the classical stellarator or torsatron coil configuration

Pulsed chemical laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jacobson, T.V.; Kimbell, G.H.

1975-01-01

A hydrogen fluoride laser capable of operating super radiantly and at atmospheric pressure is described. A transverse electrical discharge is utilized to energize the reaction of a hydrogen donor to provide hydrogen fluoride in a metastable energy state which reverts to a stable state by laser action. A large range of hydrogen and fluorine donors is disclosed. A preferred pair of donors is sulphur hexafluoride and propane. Helium is frequently added to the gas mix to act as a buffer. (U.S.)

Cosecha de energía

OpenAIRE

García Ojero, Jesús

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se analizarán los distintos métodos conocidos de extraer energía de fuentes tanto naturales como las producidas por el ser humano, entre las que se pueden distinguir las vibraciones mecánicas, gradientes de temperatura o las ondas electromagnéticas emitidas por aparatos electrónicos. Primero realizaremos una revisión bibliográfica de distintos métodos de obtención de energía a partir de vibraciones mecánicas, utilizando materiales piezoeléctricos y actuadores electromagnéticos...

CCHMM_PROF: a HMM-based coiled-coil predictor with evolutionary information

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bartoli, Lisa; Fariselli, Piero; Krogh, Anders

2009-01-01

tools are available for predicting coiled-coil domains in protein sequences, including those based on position-specific score matrices and machine learning methods. RESULTS: In this article, we introduce a hidden Markov model (CCHMM_PROF) that exploits the information contained in multiple sequence...... alignments (profiles) to predict coiled-coil regions. The new method discriminates coiled-coil sequences with an accuracy of 97% and achieves a true positive rate of 79% with only 1% of false positives. Furthermore, when predicting the location of coiled-coil segments in protein sequences, the method reaches...

Fabrication and testing of a superconducting coil: Phase 3 of the Maglev development program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fife, A A; Lee, S; Tillotson, M [CTF Systems Inc., Port Coquitlam, BC (Canada)

1989-03-01

This report documents developmental research on superconducting magnet technology suitable for the levitation and propulsion units of the Canadian Maglev vehicle. The contract work involved the design, fabrication and testing of a racetrack coil fabricated using epoxy-impregnated windings of copper stabilized NbTi wire. The following results were achieved: successful fabrication and testing of a superconducting racetrack magnet with strength {gt} 400,000 A-turns integrated in a support frame; selection and characterization of cryogenic strain gauges; characterization of strain in solenoidal and racetrack superconducting magnets; design, fabrication and testing of high current persistent switches; and operation of superconducting magnets in persistent mode. The racetrack coil reached the design current after the third quench and short sample critical current after the eighth quench. This behavior is essentially identical to that observed with a superconducting solenoid fabricated during a previous phase. The strain measured perpendicular to the straight sides of the racetrack coil was proportional to the square of the energizing current. Persistent switches were fabricated, one type with low resistance (10{sup -2} ohm) and the other with high resistance (1.2 ohm) in their normal states. The low resistance switch could be operated in 1-Tesla fields with stabel characteristics up to about 800A drive current and the high resistance switch to 475A.

Sensitive quench detection of the HTS coil using a co-winding coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takagi, Tomohiro; Ariyama, Takahiro; Takao, Tomoaki; Tsukamoto, Osami

2017-01-01

The authors have studied the co-winding coil method (CW method) using the co-wound coil electrically insulated from the HTS coil. In this method, the quench is detected by the voltage difference between the coil of the HTS tape (HTS coil) and the coil of the normal conductor (CW coil). The voltage induced in the CW coil caused by the change of the magnetic field is almost the same as that in the HTS coil because the coils are magnetically coupled close to each other. Therefore, it is expected that the induced voltage will be canceled with high accuracy and that the resistive voltage in the HTS coil will be detected with greater sensitivity compared to the bridge balance method, which is used commonly. In this study, quench detection applying the CW method is demonstrated using an experimental double-pancake coil. A tape with the copper layer deposited on the polymer substrate was used as the insulated conductor wire to form the CW coil. An additional pancake coil was used to expose the experimental double-pancake coil to the external magnetic field asymmetrically. It was shown that the CW method can detect the resistive voltage with greater sensitivity even when the HTS coil was exposed to the changing asymmetric external magnetic field. (author)

Por uma nova ordem energética global? potencialidades e perspectivas da questão energética entre os países BRICS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José María Gómez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo propõe analisar a questão energética entre os BRICS e o potencial de rearticulação da ordem energética global que dela emerge. Para tal, realiza três movimentos. Em primeiro lugar, investiga o crescente impacto agregado dos países BRICS no cenário energético global, com vistas a analisar seu avanço em uma temática até então reduto dos países desenvolvidos. Em segundo lugar, aborda a matriz energética de cada um dos cinco países do ponto de vista de suas economias políticas e da questão da sustentabilidade. Em terceiro lugar, e com base na seção anterior, propõe mapear as áreas de conflito e de possível aproximação entre os BRICS, na tentativa de localizar as possibilidades e limites da sua cooperação energética. Com base nessa investigação, conclui que, diante das potencialidades para a cooperação entre os países, a organização de suas ofertas e demandas energéticas nacionais pode permitir ao agrupamento articular-se como um novo polo no cenário energético global.

Aplicación electrónica para el ahorro de energía eléctrica utilizando una energía alternativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Cruz-Ardila

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta un trabajo orientado a disminuir el consumo de energía eléctrica entregada por la red eléctrica convencional, a través del aprovechamiento de la energía solar fotovoltaica. Se propone el diseño de un sistema de transferencia electrónica que facilita el uso de la energía eléctrica DC proveniente del panel solar, suprimiendo de esta manera, la utilización del inversor de voltaje, comúnmente usado en este tipo de aplicaciones y que eleva el costo de utilización de la energía solar. Se da a conocer inicialmente una revisión del estado del arte, que permite contextualizar el problema resuelto a partir de una energía renovable como la fotovoltaica, destacándose que actualmente España es el país con mayor desarrollo en este tema. Luego, se muestra el desarrollo secuencial del sistema de alimentación y la transferencia electrónica, haciendo una descripción de las variables identificadas y explicación, con el uso de diagramas de flujo, del sistema embebido implementado. También se da una descripción de los dispositivos usados tal como el sensor de corriente, la regulación y la rectificación. Se muestra el esquemático de la transferencia implementada. Finalmente, se revelan los resultados y las pruebas operacionales realizadas al sistema para demostrar la funcionalidad de la aplicación electrónica en el ahorro de la energía eléctrica utilizando una energía alternativa.

29 CFR 1926.957 - Construction in energized substations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Distribution § 1926.957 Construction in energized substations. (a) Work near energized equipment facilities. (1... lines. When it is necessary to deenergize equipment or lines for protection of employees, the... large electrical equipment, transformers, or breakers. (f) Storage. The storage requirements of § 1926...

La pobreza energética y sus implicaciones

OpenAIRE

Mikel González-Eguino

2014-01-01

32 p. El sector energético se enfrenta en las próximas décadas a tres grandes transformaciones relacionadas con el cambio climático, la seguridad de suministro y la pobreza energética. Las dos primeras han sido analizadas ampliamente. Sin embargo, la pobreza energética ha pasado más desapercibida a pesar de tener una gran influencia en la vida de millones de personas, especialmente en los países más pobres. Actualmente, 1.300 millones de personas (el 20% de la población mundial) no tienen ...

Optimization of Coil Element Configurations for a Matrix Gradient Coil.

Science.gov (United States)

Kroboth, Stefan; Layton, Kelvin J; Jia, Feng; Littin, Sebastian; Yu, Huijun; Hennig, Jurgen; Zaitsev, Maxim

2018-01-01

Recently, matrix gradient coils (also termed multi-coils or multi-coil arrays) were introduced for imaging and B 0 shimming with 24, 48, and even 84 coil elements. However, in imaging applications, providing one amplifier per coil element is not always feasible due to high cost and technical complexity. In this simulation study, we show that an 84-channel matrix gradient coil (head insert for brain imaging) is able to create a wide variety of field shapes even if the number of amplifiers is reduced. An optimization algorithm was implemented that obtains groups of coil elements, such that a desired target field can be created by driving each group with an amplifier. This limits the number of amplifiers to the number of coil element groups. Simulated annealing is used due to the NP-hard combinatorial nature of the given problem. A spherical harmonic basis set up to the full third order within a sphere of 20-cm diameter in the center of the coil was investigated as target fields. We show that the median normalized least squares error for all target fields is below approximately 5% for 12 or more amplifiers. At the same time, the dissipated power stays within reasonable limits. With a relatively small set of amplifiers, switches can be used to sequentially generate spherical harmonics up to third order. The costs associated with a matrix gradient coil can be lowered, which increases the practical utility of matrix gradient coils.

Routine phasing of coiled-coil protein crystal structures with AMPLE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jens M. H. Thomas

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Coiled-coil protein folds are among the most abundant in nature. These folds consist of long wound α-helices and are architecturally simple, but paradoxically their crystallographic structures are notoriously difficult to solve with molecular-replacement techniques. The program AMPLE can solve crystal structures by molecular replacement using ab initio search models in the absence of an existent homologous protein structure. AMPLE has been benchmarked on a large and diverse test set of coiled-coil crystal structures and has been found to solve 80% of all cases. Successes included structures with chain lengths of up to 253 residues and resolutions down to 2.9 Å, considerably extending the limits on size and resolution that are typically tractable by ab initio methodologies. The structures of two macromolecular complexes, one including DNA, were also successfully solved using their coiled-coil components. It is demonstrated that both the ab initio modelling and the use of ensemble search models contribute to the success of AMPLE by comparison with phasing attempts using single structures or ideal polyalanine helices. These successes suggest that molecular replacement with AMPLE should be the method of choice for the crystallographic elucidation of a coiled-coil structure. Furthermore, AMPLE may be able to exploit the presence of a coiled coil in a complex to provide a convenient route for phasing.

Power supply trip control for nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hager, R.E.; Gutman, Jerzy.

1987-01-01

A control system for a trip coil in a switchgear mechanism controls the supply of electrical power to a process control device and ensures de-energization of the trip coil shortly after the trip coil is energized. The trip coil is energized not by an independent dc source as in prior art, but from rectified power from a step down transformer supplied from the switchgear output side. The transformer feeds a rectifier which is connected to the trip coil via a trip activation device. The output of the rectifier can be monitored using an optical converter to determine the ability of the control system to activate the trip coil and the condition of the power supplied to the process control device. The control device may be a rod positioner in a pressurised water nuclear reactor. (author)

Evaluación del potencial energético del oleaje en Madagascar

OpenAIRE

Araujo Roso, Giovanni

2017-01-01

La energía undimotriz, o energía del oleaje, es aquella que aprovecha la energía cinética de la perturbación de la superficie del mar y está considerada como una fuente de gran potencial. Las ventajas de este tipo de recurso respecto a otras energías renovables son variadas: sus eventos son predecibles con detalle, el despliegue de dispositivos tiene un impacto visual inferior a otros y es un recurso inagotable, entre otros. Por otra parte, el campo de la energía del oleaje se ...

Triple Halo Coil: Development and Comparison with Other TMS Coils

Science.gov (United States)

Rastogi, Priyam; Hadimani, Ravi; Jiles, David

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive stimulation technique that can be used for the treatment of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson's Disease, PTSD, TBI and anxiety by regulating synaptic activity. TMS is FDA approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder. There is a critical need to develop deep TMS coils that can stimulate deeper regions of the brain without excessively stimulating the cortex in order to provide an alternative to surgical methods. We have developed a novel multi-coil configuration called ``Triple Halo Coil'' (THC) that can stimulate deep brain regions. Investigation of induced electric and magnetic field in these regions have been achieved by computer modelling. Comparison of the results due to THC configuration have been conducted with other TMS coils such as ``Halo Coil'', circular coil and ``Figure of Eight'' coil. There was an improvement of more than 15 times in the strength of magnetic field, induced by THC configuration at 10 cm below the vertex of the head when compared with the ``Figure of Eight'' coil alone. Carver Charitable Trust.

Ponte en onda: prende la energía limpia, (Spanish) Get Current

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2015-05-01

Cambiar a tecnologías de energía limpia significa que fortalecemos la economía y protegemos al medio ambiente. Este libreto de actividades educativas para todas las edades promueve el uso consciente de la energía, con datos de distintas formas de energía aplicables y una variedad de rompecabezas y crucigramas en temas energéticos.

La energía que requiere nuestro territorio

OpenAIRE

Pacheco, Máximo

2015-01-01

En esta columna de opinión, el Ministro de Energía nos invita a enfrentarnos a un problema crucial para un país como Chile: sin energía a precios razonables, esa desigualdad social que tanto criticamos terminará por expandirse. Pero a la vez el Ministro nos invita a cambiar el foco, y así «transformar la energía en un ecualizador de la igualdad», con un Estado más activo en la solución de esta crucial problemática. In this op-ed piece, the Minister of Energy invites us to face a crucial pr...

Biomaterials Made from Coiled-Coil Peptides.

Science.gov (United States)

Conticello, Vincent; Hughes, Spencer; Modlin, Charles

The development of biomaterials designed for specific applications is an important objective in personalized medicine. While the breadth and prominence of biomaterials have increased exponentially over the past decades, critical challenges remain to be addressed, particularly in the development of biomaterials that exhibit highly specific functions. These functional properties are often encoded within the molecular structure of the component molecules. Proteins, as a consequence of their structural specificity, represent useful substrates for the construction of functional biomaterials through rational design. This chapter provides an in-depth survey of biomaterials constructed from coiled-coils, one of the best-understood protein structural motifs. We discuss the utility of this structurally diverse and functionally tunable class of proteins for the creation of novel biomaterials. This discussion illustrates the progress that has been made in the development of coiled-coil biomaterials by showcasing studies that bridge the gap between the academic science and potential technological impact.

Mechanical design and construction qualification program on ITER correction coils structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Foussat, A., E-mail: arnaud.foussat@iter.org [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance (France); Weiyue, Wu; Jing, Wei; Shuangsong, Du [Academy of Science Institute of Plasma Physics, PO 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Sgobba, S. [European Center for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Hongwei, Li [China International Nuclear Fusion Energy Program Execution Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, 15B Fuxing Rd., Beijing 100862 (China); Libeyre, Paul; Jong, Cornelis; Klofac, Kamil; Mitchell, Neil [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)

2014-04-01

The ITER Magnet system consists of 4 main coils sub-systems, i.e. 18 toroidal field coils (TFC), a central solenoid (CS), 6 poloidal field coils (PF) and 3 sets of correction coils (CC). The ITER fusion project has selected the stainless steel 316LN as main material for the magnet structure. The CC contribute to reducing the range of magnetic error fields created by imperfections in the location and geometry of the other coils used to confine, heat, and shape the plasma. During plasma operation, a large number of loading condition scenarios have been considered and structural analysis performed on key items like Cable-In-Conduit Conductor and the coil case. The results obtained are used for both static and fatigue structural assessment defining the present baseline design. For the construction of the structural cases, welding techniques such as GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) and techniques resulting in low distortion and shrinkage like EBW (Electron Beam Welding) or Laser Beam Welding (LBW) with filler metal wire have been selected. Those methods are considered for future qualifications to guarantee proper weld parameters and specified weld properties. In order to determine the strength and fracture toughness of 316LN stainless steel welds with respect to design criteria, some mechanical tests have been carried out at 7 K (or 77 K), and room temperature.

La energía humana el esfuerzo físico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Suárez Flórez

1991-01-01

Full Text Available Se llama la atención sobre la energía humana, su importancia como elemento de productividad y como principio ó quizás como fin de la actividad deportiva. Se estudia el máximo esfuerzo físico, así como también algunos conceptos acerca de la energía aeróbica y la energía anaeróbica.

La energía minihidráulica en los planes de fomento de las energías renovables en España

OpenAIRE

Espejo Marín, Cayetano; García Marín, Ramón; Aparicio Guerrero, Ana Eulalia

2016-01-01

La energía minihidráulica incluye las centrales con una potencia instalada de hasta 10 megavatios. Esta tecnología de producción energética se ha incluido en los Planes de Fomento de las Energías Renovables promovidos por los Gobiernos de España desde finales de los años noventa a la actualidad. En esta aportación se analizan los objetivos de potencia a instalar en cada Comunidad Autónoma durante el periodo de vigencia de cada Plan, las barreras con las que se encuentra el sector para el desa...

Engineering development of an HTS floating coil for the Mini-RT project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yanagi, Nagato; Mito, Toshiyuki; Morikawa, Junji

2004-01-01

A magnetically-levitated superconducting coil device, Mini-RT, has been constructed using a high temperature superconductor (HTS) for the purpose of examining a new magnetic confinement scheme of high-beta non-neutral plasmas. The floating coil is wound with silver-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes, and it is operated in the temperature range of 20-40 K. A number of studies and experiments were carried out in order to realize the necessary system. One of them was to demonstrate magnetic levitation using a miniature HTS floating coil having a diameter of 80 mm. The coil was fabricated using Bi-2223/Ag tapes of 12 m and excited by field cooling with liquid nitrogen. The magnetic levitation was examined using a real-time feedback control system with laser displacement gauges. Additionally, a persistent current switch (PCS) has been developed using Bi-2223/Ag tapes of 21 m, and a prototype HTS-PCS was tested in a cryostat. After construction of the floating coil and HTS-PCS for the Mini-RT device was completed, excitation tests were carried out in the cryostat and the basic properties up to the nominal operation condition were examined. (author)

La educación energética una prioridad para el milenio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johnn Edgar Castro

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este articulo plantea la necesidad  de reflexionar y trabajar en el desarrollo de propuestas sobre educación energética, desde cuatro enfoques fundamentalmente: la primera de ellas  es la inevitable dependencia de las sociedades humanas de las fuentes de energía; el ahorro energético; el agotamiento de las fuentes de energía y por ultimo las consecuencias sobre el medioambiente

Development of a new error field correction coil (C-coil) for DIII-D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, J.I.; Scoville, J.T.

1995-12-01

The C-coil recently installed on the DIII-D tokamak was developed to reduce the error fields created by imperfections in the location and geometry of the existing coils used to confine, heat, and shape the plasma. First results from C-coil experiments include stable operation in a 1.6 MA plasma with a density less than 1.0 x 10 13 cm -3 , nearly a factor of three lower density than that achievable without the C-coil. The C-coil has also been used in magnetic braking of the plasma rotation and high energy particle confinement experiments. The C-coil system consists of six individual saddle coils, each 60 degree wide toroidally, spanning the midplane of the vessel with a vertical height of 1.6 m. The coils are located at a major radius of 3.2 m, just outside of the toroidal field coils. The actual shape and geometry of each coil section varied somewhat from the nominal dimensions due to the large number of obstructions to the desired coil path around the already crowded tokamak. Each coil section consists of four turns of 750 MCM insulated copper cable banded with stainless steel straps within the web of a 3 in. x 3 in. stainless steel angle frame. The C-coil structure was designed to resist peak transient radial forces (up to 1,800 Nm) exerted on the coil by the toroidal and ploidal fields. The coil frames were supported from existing poloidal field coil case brackets, coil studs, and various other structures on the tokamak

Conformational switching in the coiled-coil domains of a proteasomal ATPase regulates substrate processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Snoberger, Aaron; Brettrager, Evan J; Smith, David M

2018-06-18

Protein degradation in all domains of life requires ATPases that unfold and inject proteins into compartmentalized proteolytic chambers. Proteasomal ATPases in eukaryotes and archaea contain poorly understood N-terminally conserved coiled-coil domains. In this study, we engineer disulfide crosslinks in the coiled-coils of the archaeal proteasomal ATPase (PAN) and report that its three identical coiled-coil domains can adopt three different conformations: (1) in-register and zipped, (2) in-register and partially unzipped, and (3) out-of-register. This conformational heterogeneity conflicts with PAN's symmetrical OB-coiled-coil crystal structure but resembles the conformational heterogeneity of the 26S proteasomal ATPases' coiled-coils. Furthermore, we find that one coiled-coil can be conformationally constrained even while unfolding substrates, and conformational changes in two of the coiled-coils regulate PAN switching between resting and active states. This switching functionally mimics similar states proposed for the 26S proteasome from cryo-EM. These findings thus build a mechanistic framework to understand regulation of proteasome activity.

Design of the coolant system for the Large Coil Test Facility pulse coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bridgman, C.; Ryan, T.L.

1983-01-01

The pulse coils will be a part of the Large Coil Test Facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, which is designed to test six large tokamak-type superconducting coils. The pulse coil set consists of two resistive coaxial solenoid coils, mounted so that their magnetic axis is perpendicular to the toroidal field lines of the test coil. The pulse coils provide transient vertical fields at test coil locations to simulate the pulsed vertical fields present in tokamak devices. The pulse coils are designed to be pulsed for 30 s every 150 s, which results in a Joule heating of 116 kW per coil. In order to provide this capability, the pulse coil coolant system is required to deliver 6.3 L/s (100 gpm) of subcooled liquid nitrogen at 10-atm absolute pressure. The coolant system can also cool down each pulse coil from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. This paper provides details of the pumping and heat exchange equipment designed for the coolant system and of the associated instrumentation and controls

Magnetic catheter manipulation in the interventional MR imaging environment.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Mark W; Martin, Alastair B; Lillaney, Prasheel; Losey, Aaron D; Yee, Erin J; Bernhardt, Anthony; Malba, Vincent; Evans, Lee; Sincic, Ryan; Saeed, Maythem; Arenson, Ronald L; Hetts, Steven W

2013-06-01

To evaluate deflection capability of a prototype endovascular catheter, which is remotely magnetically steerable, for use in the interventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging environment. Copper coils were mounted on the tips of commercially available 2.3-3.0-F microcatheters. The coils were fabricated in a novel manner by plasma vapor deposition of a copper layer followed by laser lithography of the layer into coils. Orthogonal helical (ie, solenoid) and saddle-shaped (ie, Helmholtz) coils were mounted on a single catheter tip. Microcatheters were tested in water bath phantoms in a 1.5-T clinical MR scanner, with variable simultaneous currents applied to the coils. Catheter tip deflection was imaged in the axial plane by using a "real-time" steady-state free precession MR imaging sequence. Degree of deflection and catheter tip orientation were measured for each current application. The catheter tip was clearly visible in the longitudinal and axial planes. Magnetic field artifacts were visible when the orthogonal coils at the catheter tip were energized. Variable amounts of current applied to a single coil demonstrated consistent catheter deflection in all water bath experiments. Changing current polarity reversed the observed direction of deflection, whereas current applied to two different coils resulted in deflection represented by the composite vector of individual coil activations. Microcatheter navigation through the vascular phantom was successful through control of applied current to one or more coils. Controlled catheter deflection is possible with laser lithographed multiaxis coil-tipped catheters in the MR imaging environment. Copyright © 2013 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Measurement of heating coil temperature for e-cigarettes with a "top-coil" clearomizer.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Wenhao; Wang, Ping; Ito, Kazuhide; Fowles, Jeff; Shusterman, Dennis; Jaques, Peter A; Kumagai, Kazukiyo

2018-01-01

To determine the effect of applied power settings, coil wetness conditions, and e-liquid compositions on the coil heating temperature for e-cigarettes with a "top-coil" clearomizer, and to make associations of coil conditions with emission of toxic carbonyl compounds by combining results herein with the literature. The coil temperature of a second generation e-cigarette was measured at various applied power levels, coil conditions, and e-liquid compositions, including (1) measurements by thermocouple at three e-liquid fill levels (dry, wet-through-wick, and full-wet), three coil resistances (low, standard, and high), and four voltage settings (3-6 V) for multiple coils using propylene glycol (PG) as a test liquid; (2) measurements by thermocouple at additional degrees of coil wetness for a high resistance coil using PG; and (3) measurements by both thermocouple and infrared (IR) camera for high resistance coils using PG alone and a 1:1 (wt/wt) mixture of PG and glycerol (PG/GL). For single point thermocouple measurements with PG, coil temperatures ranged from 322 ‒ 1008°C, 145 ‒ 334°C, and 110 ‒ 185°C under dry, wet-through-wick, and full-wet conditions, respectively, for the total of 13 replaceable coil heads. For conditions measured with both a thermocouple and an IR camera, all thermocouple measurements were between the minimum and maximum across-coil IR camera measurements and equal to 74% ‒ 115% of the across-coil mean, depending on test conditions. The IR camera showed details of the non-uniform temperature distribution across heating coils. The large temperature variations under wet-through-wick conditions may explain the large variations in formaldehyde formation rate reported in the literature for such "top-coil" clearomizers. This study established a simple and straight-forward protocol to systematically measure e-cigarette coil heating temperature under dry, wet-through-wick, and full-wet conditions. In addition to applied power, the

Design of the power system for dynamic resonant magnetic perturbation coils on the J-TEXT tokamak

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yi, B. [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China); Ding, Y.H., E-mail: yhding@mail.hust.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China); Zhang, M.; Rao, B.; Nan, J.Y.; Zeng, W.B.; Zheng, M.Y.; Xu, H.Y.; Zhuang, G.; Pan, Y. [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China)

2013-10-15

Highlights: ► We introduce the dynamic resonant magnetic perturbation coils system on J-TEXT. ► Details of the design of the power supply system have been presented. ► At DC mode, two antiparallel 6-pulse phase thyristor rectifiers were chosen. ► An AC–DC–AC converter including a series resonant inverter was adopted for AC mode. ► Some engineering testing result was given in this paper. -- Abstract: A set of in-vessel saddle coils has been installed on J-TEXT tokamak. They are proposed for further researches on controlling tearing modes and driving plasma rotation by static and dynamic resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). The saddle coils will be energized by DC with the amplitude up to 10 kA, or AC with maximum amplitude up to 5 kA within the frequency range of 1–5 kHz. At DC mode two antiparallel 6-pulse phase thyristor rectifiers are chosen to obtain bidirectional current, while at AC mode an AC–DC–AC converter including a series resonant inverter can generate current of various amplitudes and frequencies. The paper presents the design of the power supply system, based on the definition of the power supply requirements and the feasibility of implementation of the topology and control strategy. Some simulation and experimental results are given in the end.

30 CFR 77.704-2 - Repairs to energized high-voltage lines.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Repairs to energized high-voltage lines. 77.704... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Grounding § 77.704-2 Repairs to energized high-voltage lines. An energized high-voltage... repairs will be performed on power circuits with a phase-to-phase nominal voltage no greater than 15,000...

Ahorre Energía: Consejos para ahorro dinero y energía en su hogar (Spanish Brochure), Energy Saver Guide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2017-11-01

La versión en castellano de la guía del Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos que ayuda a consumidores a ahorrar energía y dinero en su hogar y en las carreteras. The Spanish-language version of U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Saver consumer guide to saving energy and money at home and on the road.

Energía Minihidráulica

OpenAIRE

Mancebo Piqueras, José Antonio; Adrada Guerra, Teodoro; Martinez, Carmen

2013-01-01

La energía basada en turbinas hidráulicas de reducida potencia es, a menudo, un ejemplo- modelo dentro del campo de las energías renovables desde su aparición a finales del S. XIX, aunque los ingenios precursores surgen mucho antes. Entre los testimonios más antiguos destacan la saqia o rueda persa y la rueda hidráulica romana que había sido previamente implementada en Extremo Oriente, y que después llega a Europa a través de Egipto. Más tarde, durante la Edad Media y el Renacimiento, se gene...

Superconducting magnetic coil

Science.gov (United States)

Aized, Dawood; Schwall, Robert E.

1996-06-11

A superconducting magnetic coil includes a plurality of sections positioned axially along the longitudinal axis of the coil, each section being formed of an anisotropic high temperature superconductor material wound about a longitudinal axis of the coil and having an associated critical current value that is dependent on the orientation of the magnetic field of the coil. The cross section of the superconductor, or the type of superconductor material, at sections along the axial and radial axes of the coil are changed to provide an increased critical current at those regions where the magnetic field is oriented more perpendicularly to the conductor plane, to thereby increase the critical current at these regions and to maintain an overall higher critical current of the coil.

Magnetic resonance dacryocystography: comparison between conventional surface coils and microscopic coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abreu Junior, Luiz de; Wolosker, Angela Maria Borri; Borri, Maria Lucia; Galvao Filho, Mario de Melo; Hartmann, Luiz Guilherme de Carvalho; D'Ippolito, Giuseppe; Castro, Claudio Campi de

2008-01-01

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging has been utilized in the evaluation of the lacrimal apparatus with some advantages over conventional dacryocystography. The present study was aimed at acquiring high resolution images utilizing microscopic coils for evaluating typical structures of the lacrimal apparatus as compared with the findings observed with conventional surface coils. Materials and methods: Five asymptomatic volunteers with no history of epiphora were submitted to high-field magnetic resonance imaging with microscopic and conventional surface coils, and STIR sequence after instillation of saline solution. The definition of normal anatomic structures of lacrimal apparatuses was compared utilizing conventional and microscopic surface coils. Based on a consensual scoring system, the mean values for each structure were calculated by two observers. Results: In 90% of cases, higher scores were attributed to images acquired with the microscopic coil. On average, a 1.17 point increase was observed in the scoring of anatomic structures imaged with the microscopic coil. Additionally, a subjective improvement was observed in the signal-to-noise ratio with the microscopic coil. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance dacryocystography with microscopic coils is the appropriate method for evaluating the lacrimal apparatus, providing images with better quality as compared with those acquired with conventional surface coils. (author)

Som Energia: sostenibilitat energètica i cooperativisme

OpenAIRE

Duran i Grant, Alexandre; Huijink, Gijsbert; Roselló, Marc

2013-01-01

La cooperativa Som Energia és una organització innovadora en el sector energètic a casa nostra. Proposa una forma de fer diferent de la de les empreses tradicionals del sector: ven energia renovable certificada, no té ànim de lucre i busca el bé comú. La proposta treballa per la sostenibilitat energètica.

Sistema de Aprovechamiento de la Energía de las Olas del Mar

OpenAIRE

Pi Amorós, Gabriel

2010-01-01

Este documento describe un sistema de aprovechamiento de la energía transportada por el oleaje o energía undimotriz. El sistema no transformará la energía únicamente en electricidad si no que aprovecha dicha electricidad para producir hidrógeno mediante el proceso de la electrólisis del agua de mar. Es decir, el sistema propuesto es un sistema de generación de hidrógeno de origen renovable a partir de una fuente de energía renovable, la energía undimotriz. Las característica...

Compact stellarator coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pomphrey, N.; Berry, L.A.; Boozer, A.H.

2001-01-01

Experimental devices to study the physics of high-beta (β>∼4%), low aspect ratio (A<∼4.5) stellarator plasmas require coils that will produce plasmas satisfying a set of physics goals, provide experimental flexibility, and be practical to construct. In the course of designing a flexible coil set for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment, we have made several innovations that may be useful in future stellarator design efforts. These include: the use of Singular Value Decomposition methods for obtaining families of smooth current potentials on distant coil winding surfaces from which low current density solutions may be identified; the use of a Control Matrix Method for identifying which few of the many detailed elements of the stellarator boundary must be targeted if a coil set is to provide fields to control the essential physics of the plasma; the use of Genetic Algorithms for choosing an optimal set of discrete coils from a continuum of potential contours; the evaluation of alternate coil topologies for balancing the tradeoff between physics objective and engineering constraints; the development of a new coil optimization code for designing modular coils, and the identification of a 'natural' basis for describing current sheet distributions. (author)

Plasmodium vivax antigen discovery based on alpha-helical coiled coil protein motif

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Céspedes, Nora; Habel, Catherine; Lopez-Perez, Mary

2014-01-01

Protein α-helical coiled coil structures that elicit antibody responses, which block critical functions of medically important microorganisms, represent a means for vaccine development. By using bioinformatics algorithms, a total of 50 antigens with α-helical coiled coil motifs orthologous to Pla...

Completion of designing and manufacturing of the coil support structure of W7-X

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chauvin, Didier; Koppe, Torsten; Cardella, Antonio; Missal, Bernd; Pilopp, Dirk; Di Bartolo, Giovanni; Camin, Rocio; Gonzales, Ivan; Giordano, Luca; Langone, Stefano

2011-01-01

In February 2000, the project called coil support structure for the Wendelstein 7-X fusion machine was started. Since October 2009 the full production of this big (80 tons) and complex component is now completed and delivered at IPP Greifswald. The W7-X coil system consists of 20 planar and 50 non-planar coils. They are supported by a pentagonal 10 m diameter, 2.5 m high called coil support structure (CSS). The CSS is divided into five modules and each module consists of two equal half modules around the radial axis. Currently, the five modules were successfully assembled with the coils meeting the tight manufacturing tolerances. Designing, structural calculation, raw material procurement, welding and soldering technologies, milling, drilling, accurate machining, helium cooling pipe forming, laser metrology, ultra sonic cleaning and vacuum test are some of the key points used all along this successful manufacturing process. The lessons learned in the large scale production of this difficult kind of support structure will be presented as relevant experience for the realization of similar systems for future fusion devices, such as ITER.

National Ignition Facility system design requirements Laser System SDR002

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larson, D.W.; Bowers, J.M.; Bliss, E.S.; Karpenko, V.P.; English, E.

1996-01-01

This System Design Requirement document establishes the performance, design, development, and test requirements for the NIP Laser System. The Laser System generates and delivers high-power optical pulses to the target chamber, and is composed of all optical puke creating and transport elements from Puke Generation through Final Optics as well as the special equipment that supports, energizes and controls them. The Laser System consists of the following WBS elements: 1.3 Laser System 1.4 Beam Transport System 1.6 Optical Components 1.7 Laser Control 1.8.7 Final Optics

NCSX Trim Coil Design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalish, M.; Brooks, A.; Rushinski, J.; Upcavage, R.

2009-01-01

The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) was being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in partnership with Oak Ridge National Laboratory before work was stopped in 2008. The objective of this experiment was to develop the stellarator concept and evaluate it's potential as a model for future fusion power plants. Stellarator design requires very precisely positioned Modular Coils of complex shape to form 3D plasmas. In the design of NCSX, Trim Coils were required to compensate for both the positioning of the coils during assembly and the fabrication tolerances of the Modular Coils. Use of the Trim Coils allowed for larger tolerances increasing ease of assembly and decreasing overall cost. A set of Trim coils was developed to suppress the toroidal flux in island regions due to misalignment, magnetic materials, and eddy currents. The requirement imposed upon the design forced the toroidal flux in island regions below 10% of the total toroidal flux in the plasma. An analysis was first performed to evaluate candidate Trim Coil configurations iterating both the size, number, and position of the coils. The design was optimized considering both performance and cost while staying within the tight restraints presented by the space limited geometry. The final design of the Trim Coils incorporated a 48 Coil top bottom symmetric set. Fabrication costs were minimized by having only two coil types and using a planar conventional design with off the shelf commercial conductor. The Trim Coil design incorporated supports made from simple structural shapes assembled together in a way which allowed for adjustment as well as accommodation for the tolerance build up on the mating surfaces. This paper will summarize the analysis that led to the optimization of the Trim Coils set, the trim coil mechanical design, thermal and stress analysis, and the design of the supporting Trim Coil structure

Medidas de mejora de la eficiencia energética de edificios residenciales

OpenAIRE

Hernández Sánchez, Juan Manuel

2012-01-01

El parque de edificios residenciales existente tiene un potencial muy grande para mejorar la eficiencia energética a corto y medio plazo, debido al gran número de viviendas existentes y a su larga vida residual. Los factores que influyen directamente en el consumo energético y en las emisiones asociadas a los edificios residenciales son: la envolvente térmica, la eficiencia energética de los equipos, las fuentes energéticas utilizadas y el comportamiento de los usuarios. Las barreras qu...

Composite coils for toroidal field coils and method of using same

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perkins, R. G.; Trujillo, S. M.

1985-01-01

A composite toroidal field (TF) generating means consisting of segmented magnetic coil windings is disclosed. Each coil winding of the TF generating means consists of a copper or copper alloy conductor segment and an aluminum or aluminum alloy conductor segment. The conductor segments are joined at a high strength, low electrical resistance joint and the joint may either be a mechanical or metallurgical one. The use of the aluminum or aluminum alloy conductor segments improves the neutron economy of the reactor with which the TF coil is associated and reduces TF coil nuclear heating and heating gradients, and activation in the TF coils

El hidrógeno y la energía

OpenAIRE

Aurelio Mendoza Medellín

2006-01-01

El hidrógeno es el elemento más simple, pero es fundamental para la vida. En el futuro sustituirá a los combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía para las máquinas hechas por el hombre. Hoy en día su uso es muy caro, pero ya existen motores que trabajan quemando este gas. En el sol la fusión de hidrógeno libera cantidades inconmensurables de energía, que en parte es captada por los cloroplastos, que la transforman en la energía química contenida en los carbohidratos resultantes de la fotosí...

El hidrógeno y la energía

OpenAIRE

Aurelio Mendoza Medellín

2006-01-01

El hidrógeno es el elemento más simple, pero es fundamental para la vida. En el futuro sustituirá a los combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía para las máquinas hechas por el hombre. Hoy en día su uso es muy caro, pero ya existen motores que trabajan quemando este gas. En el sol la fusión de hidrógeno libera cantidades inconmensurables de energía, que en parte es captada por los cloroplastos, que la transforman en la energía química contenida en los carbohidratos resultantes ...

Adsorption of iodine from COIL waste gas on soaked coal-based activated carbon

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Junbo; Hao, Shan; Gao, Liping

2014-04-01

The chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) has wide application prospects in military, industrial and medical treatment fields as a second generation gas chemical laser to follow the first HF/DF chemical laser. However, a COIL releases large amounts of gas, such as helium, oxygen, chlorine and iodine. Chlorides have a serious corrosive effect on the system, especially iodine vapor crystallization, which seriously endangers the normal use of vacuum systems, and radioactive methyl iodide, which is hazardous to operators and pollutes the environment. The use of soaked coal-based activated carbon as an adsorbent for removing methyl iodine is proposed, while it is proposed that coal-based activated carbon is an effective adsorbent for removing stable iodine. The research conducted in this work shows that iodine residues are less than 0.5 μg ml-1 after the adsorption treatment and the decontamination factor of the coal-based activated carbon for removing stable iodine is more than 1000. Using this method can achieve the purpose of removing harmful iodine, satisfy the requirements for engineering applications, and also be applied to other nuclear power plant flue gas treatments.

Outcomes with single-coil versus dual-coil implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Sunderland, Nicholas; Kaura, Amit; Murgatroyd, Francis; Dhillon, Para; Scott, Paul A

2018-03-01

Dual-coil implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads have traditionally been used over single-coil leads due to concerns regarding high defibrillation thresholds (DFT) and consequent poor shock efficacy. However, accumulating evidence suggests that this position may be unfounded and that dual-coil leads may also be associated with higher complication rates during lead extraction. This meta-analysis collates data comparing dual- and single-coil ICD leads. Electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized studies comparing single-coil and dual-coil leads. The mean differences in DFT and summary estimates of the odds-ratio (OR) for first-shock efficacy and the hazard-ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality were calculated using random effects models. Eighteen studies including a total of 138,124 patients were identified. Dual-coil leads were associated with a lower DFT compared to single coil leads (mean difference -0.83J; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.39--0.27; P = 0.004). There was no difference in the first-shock success rate with dual-coil compared to single-coil leads (OR 0.74; 95%CI 0.45-1.21; P=0.22). There was a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality associated with single-coil leads (HR 0.91; 95%CI 0.86-0.95; P dual-coil leads. The mortality benefit with single-coil leads most likely represents patient selection bias. Given the increased risk and complexity of extracting dual-coil leads, centres should strongly consider single-coil ICD leads as the lead of choice for routine new left-sided ICD implants. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2017. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Final Technical Report, reEnergize Program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wamstad-Evans, Kristi [City of Omaha; Williams, Eric [City of Omaha; Kubicek, Jason [City of Omaha

2013-12-27

The reEnergize Program helped to build a market for residential and commercial energy evaluations and upgrades. The program provided incentives to encourage participants to save energy, save money, and make their homes and businesses more safe, healthy, and comfortable. As part of the Better Buildings Neighborhood Program (BBNP), the successful investment of this $10 million grant toward market development was the first grant funding collaboration between the cities of Omaha and Lincoln. Through more than three years of work, thousands of participants, contractors, and community members worked together to make the reEnergize Program a demonstration of how to “Build Energy Smart Communities.”

Testable, fault-tolerant power interface circuit for normally de-energized loads

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hager, R.E.

1987-01-01

A power interface circuit is described for supplying power from a power line to a normally de-energized process control apparatus in a pressurized light water nuclear power system in dependence upon three input signals, comprising: voter means for supplying power to the normally de-energized load when at least two of the three input signals indicate that the normally de-energized load should be activated; a normally closed switch, operatively connected to the power line and the voter means, for supplying power to the voter means during ordinary operation; a first resistor operatively connected to the power line; a current detector operatively connected to the first resistor and the voter means; a second resistor operatively connected to the current detector and ground; and current sensor means, operatively connected between the voter means and the normally de-energized load, for detecting the power supplied to the normally de-energized load by the voter means

30 CFR 75.705-2 - Repairs to energized surface high-voltage lines.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Repairs to energized surface high-voltage lines... Repairs to energized surface high-voltage lines. An energized high-voltage surface line may be repaired... on power circuits with a phase-to-phase nominal voltage no greater than 15,000 volts; (3) Such...

The Laser Welding with Hot Wire of 316LN Thick Plate Applied on ITER Correction Coil Case

CERN Document Server

Fang, Chao; Wu, Weiyue; Wei, Jing; Zhang, Shuquan; Li, Hongwei; Dolgetta, N; Libeyre, P; Cormany, C; Sgobba, S

2014-01-01

ITER correction coil (CC) cases have characteristics of small cross section, large dimensions, and complex structure. The cases are made of heavy thick (20 mm), high strength and high toughness austenitic stainless steel 316LN. The multi-pass laser welding with hot wire technology is used for the case closure welding, due to its low heat input and deformation. In order to evaluate the reliability of this welding technology, 20 mm welding samples with the same groove structure and welding depth as the cases were welded. High purity argon was used as the shielding gas to prevent oxidation because of the narrowness and depth of the weld. In this paper investigation of, microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of welded joints using optimized welding parameters are presented. The results show that the base metal, fusion metal, and heat affected zone (HAZ) are all have fully austenitic microstructure, and that the grain size of fusion metal was finer than that of the base metal. The welding resulte...

Water cooling coil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, S; Ito, Y; Kazawa, Y

1975-02-05

Object: To provide a water cooling coil in a toroidal nuclear fusion device, in which coil is formed into a small-size in section so as not to increase dimensions, weight or the like of machineries including the coil. Structure: A conductor arranged as an outermost layer of a multiple-wind water cooling coil comprises a hollow conductor, which is directly cooled by fluid, and as a consequence, a solid conductor disposed interiorly thereof is cooled indirectly.

Optically-Based Diagnostics for Gas-Phase Laser Development

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-01

Laser (COIL), Electric Oxygen Iodine Laser (EOIL), Diode-Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL), and Exciplex Alkali Laser (XPAL). The papers at this Symposium... exciplex -assisted absorption and laser-induced fluorescence, and multi-photon excitation of infrared atomic alkali transitions.11,12 In this paper... EXCIPLEX LASER SYSTEMS Proper review and discussion of the DPAL and XPAL laser systems can be found elsewhere,11,12 and in the paper by Carroll and

Situación actual del sector energético en España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos J. Pardo Abad

2001-01-01

Full Text Available La energía es un sector clave de la economía española y está presente en todos los procesos productivos. El artículo analiza al sector en los últimos años con datos procedentes de varios organismos públicos, referidos tanto al balance energético general como a los sectores energéticos, las energías renovables, la política energética y las relaciones entre energía y medio ambiente. Características básicas del sector en nuestro país son el incremento del consumo de energía, la progresiva liberalización y las grandes inversiones en energías renovables, sobre todo la eólica. Energy is a key sector of the Spanish economy and it is in all productivo processes.This article analyses the sector in the last fewyears with data from some public agencies, referred to the power balance as well as to nuclear power, coal, oil, natural gas, renewable energies, power policy and the relationship between energy and environment. The main eatures of energy in Spain are the increase of consumption, the growing liberation and the big investments in renewable energies, above all the eolic one.

Producción, Reservas y Sostenibilidad de la Energía en Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Rojas-Zerpa

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito del presente trabajo está relacionado con la evaluación de los recursos energéticos de Venezuela y su posicionamiento estratégico mundial, referido principalmente a la producción y consumo de energía primaria y reservas. Así mismo se han evaluado los recursos energéticos renovables con la finalidad de identificar oportunidades para el desarrollo de la energía sostenible. Los resultados indican que Venezuela posee recursos fósiles para más de 130 años de explotación, lo cual lo convierte en una potencia energética relevante en el contexto mundial. La potencialidad aprovechable de las energías renovables duplicó la producción de recursos fósiles en 2011. En la actualidad, el aprovechamiento de estas fuentes es inferior al 2 % del total disponible, lo que deja abierto un amplio rango de posibilidades para la diversificación de la matriz energética nacional mediante tecnologías limpias o sostenibles

HydroSoft coil versus HydroCoil for endovascular aneurysm occlusion study: A single center experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Xinbin; Fan Yimu; Zhang Jianning

2011-01-01

Background and purpose: The HydroCoil Embolic System (HES) was developed to reduce recurrences of aneurysms relative to platinum coils. But the HydroCoil Embolic System was characterized with many limitations. The manufacturer had recognized the challenge and recently a new design of hydrogel-coated coil-HydroSoft has become available in the market as the new generation HydroCoil. We reported our initial experience using HydroSoft coil versus HydroCoil in our center. Methods: 75 aneurysms embolized primarily using HydroSoft Coils from July 2008 to May 2009 were compared with 66 volume- and shape-matched aneurysms treated with HydroCoils from March 2006 to August 2008. Outcome measures included length and number of coils used, contrast volume, and length of hospital stay. During embolization, a stable framework was first established with bare coils, and hydrogel-coated coils were used subsequently to increase the packing density. Follow-up angiographic results 6 months after treatment were evaluated among some of the patients. Results: Successful coil embolization was achieved in all patients. There were no differences in average total coil length used per aneurysm. There were no differences in length of hospital stay and packing density. HydroSoft coils were more suitable using as the finishing or final coil. HydroSoft coil decreased the procedure-related retreated rates, and aneurysm packing was finished with soft, flexible HydroSoft coil and decreased the neck remnant rates. Follow-up angiography in HydroSoft-treated patients at 6 months revealed aneurysm stability without significant residual neck. Conclusions: HydroSoft coil allowed us to deploy coated coils with good packing density. A slight expansion of these coils at the neck can be expected to reduce neck remnant and potentially inhibit recurrence.

MAGNETIC DENSITOMETER

Science.gov (United States)

McCann, J.A.; Jones, R.H.

1961-08-15

A magnetic densitometer for locating defects and metallic inclusions in materials is described. The apparatus consists of two primary coils connected in series opposition and adapted te be placed in inductive relation to the material under test, a source of constant frequency alternating current coupled across the primary coil combination, a pick-up coil disposed in symmetrical inductive relationship with said primary coils, a phase-shifter coupled to the output of the energizing source. The output of the phase-shifter is coupled in series with the pick-up coil. An amplifier is provided selective to the third harmonic of the energizing source frequency. The series combination of the pick-up coil and the phase-shifter output are connected across the input of the amplifier, and an amplitude comparitor is coupled to the output of the amplifier and the energizing source for comparing the instantaneous amplitude of the amplifier output and the instantaneous output of the energizing source and producing an output proportional to the difference in amplitude. A recorder is coupled to the output of the amplitude comparison means to give an indication of the amplitude difference, thereby providing a permanent presentation of the character of the changes in characteristics exhibited by the material under test. (AEC)

Coiled-coil forming peptides for the induction of silver nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Božič Abram, Sabina; Aupič, Jana; Dražić, Goran; Gradišar, Helena; Jerala, Roman

2016-01-01

Biopolymers with defined sequence patterns offer an attractive alternative for the formation of silver nanoparticle (AgNP). A set of coiled-coil dimer forming peptides was tested for their AgNP formation ability. Seventeen of those peptides mediated the formation of AgNPs in aqueous solution at neutral pH, while the formation of a coiled-coil dimer inhibited the nanoparticle generation. A QSAR regression model on the relationship between sequence and function suggests that in this peptide type the patterns KXQQ and KXEE are favorable, whereas Ala residues appear to have an inhibitory effect. UV–VIS spectra of the obtained nanoparticles gave a peak at around 420 nm, typical for AgNPs in the size range around 40 nm, which was confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Peptide-induced AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial activity, even after a 15 min contact time, while they had low toxicity to human cells at the same concentrations. These results show that our designed peptides generate AgNPs with antibacterial activity at mild conditions and might be used for antibacterial coatings. - Highlights: • 17 of the 30 tested coiled-coil forming peptides induce AgNP formation. • Coiled-coil dimer formation suppresses AgNP generation of individual peptides. • Size of the peptide-induced silver nanoparticles is around 40 nm. • QSAR analysis points to the importance of KXQQ and KXEE motifs for AgNP generation. • Peptide-induced silver nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity.

Coiled-coil forming peptides for the induction of silver nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Božič Abram, Sabina [Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000 (Slovenia); Aupič, Jana [Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Doctoral Programme in Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000 (Slovenia); Dražić, Goran [Laboratory for Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Gradišar, Helena [Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, Ljubljana 1000 (Slovenia); Jerala, Roman, E-mail: roman.jerala@ki.si [Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, Ljubljana 1000 (Slovenia)

2016-04-08

Biopolymers with defined sequence patterns offer an attractive alternative for the formation of silver nanoparticle (AgNP). A set of coiled-coil dimer forming peptides was tested for their AgNP formation ability. Seventeen of those peptides mediated the formation of AgNPs in aqueous solution at neutral pH, while the formation of a coiled-coil dimer inhibited the nanoparticle generation. A QSAR regression model on the relationship between sequence and function suggests that in this peptide type the patterns KXQQ and KXEE are favorable, whereas Ala residues appear to have an inhibitory effect. UV–VIS spectra of the obtained nanoparticles gave a peak at around 420 nm, typical for AgNPs in the size range around 40 nm, which was confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Peptide-induced AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial activity, even after a 15 min contact time, while they had low toxicity to human cells at the same concentrations. These results show that our designed peptides generate AgNPs with antibacterial activity at mild conditions and might be used for antibacterial coatings. - Highlights: • 17 of the 30 tested coiled-coil forming peptides induce AgNP formation. • Coiled-coil dimer formation suppresses AgNP generation of individual peptides. • Size of the peptide-induced silver nanoparticles is around 40 nm. • QSAR analysis points to the importance of KXQQ and KXEE motifs for AgNP generation. • Peptide-induced silver nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity.

Cálculo del balance de energía para higuerilla (Ricinus communis L. desde las etapas de producción en campo hasta el valor energético de cada componente de la planta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hipólito Ortíz-Laurel

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción : Pruebas de balance de energía permiten redirigir los insumos desde las etapas de producción de un cultivo, e igualmente, precesar la cantidad de energía utilizada para cada proceso y así, verificar la eficiencia al transformar la energía contenida en el cultivo cuando debe cumplir con una función deseada. Método : la planta de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L. con propósitos de cultivo energético fue sembrada en campo y sometida a procesos de mantenimiento de l cultivo y en la cosecha, la planta completa fue colectada para análisis energético, donde cada una de sus partes inclu i das las semillas fueron evaluadas en función de su contenido de energía. Así, para determinar el balance de energía; los valores de la energía biológica de la planta fueron comparados con la energía aplicada en cada uno de los procesos técnicos y físicos para la producción del cult i vo y en su procesamiento . Resultados : La energía aplicada para producir el cultivo r esulta un 28% superior a la energía a obtener de la planta. Asimismo, la biomasa de la planta completa de higuerilla, sin contar las semillas genera el doble de energía comparado con el aceite de las semillas, por lo que, conviene utilizar toda la planta e n términos de energía . Conclusión : Es recomendable utilizar el aceite de las seillas como biomaterial, ya que el b a lance es positivo en un 15%.

Panorama energético mundial y argentino

OpenAIRE

Guadagni, Alieto

2007-01-01

Estamos transitando aceleradamente de una etapa caracterizada por energía abundante, barata y exportada a otra etapa signada por la escasez, el alto costo y las importaciones. Esta es la triple tenaza energética que enfrenta la Argentina. Los actuales precios del petróleo están impulsando la producción de biocombustibles (biodiesel y etanol) en Brasil, la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos, pero también muchos otros países como el nuestro. Se estima que su participación en el consumo mundi...

El hidrógeno y la energía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurelio Mendoza Medellín

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El hidrógeno es el elemento más simple, pero es fundamental para la vida. En el futuro sustituirá a los combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía para las máquinas hechas por el hombre. Hoy en día su uso es muy caro, pero ya existen motores que trabajan quemando este gas. En el sol la fusión de hidrógeno libera cantidades inconmensurables de energía, que en parte es captada por los cloroplastos, que la transforman en la energía química contenida en los carbohidratos resultantes de la fotosíntesis. Esto implica la transferencia del hidrógeno del agua al dióxido de carbono. Los animales liberan la energía de los combustibles biológicos revirtiendo dicha reacción a través del metabolismo oxidativo, la cadena respiratoria y la fosforilación oxidativa. El hidrógeno es vital para producir ATP y por lo tanto para la vida.

Control Operator for the Two-Dimensional Energized Wave Equation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sunday Augustus REJU

2006-07-01

Full Text Available This paper studies the analytical model for the construction of the two-dimensional Energized wave equation. The control operator is given in term of space and time t independent variables. The integral quadratic objective cost functional is subject to the constraint of two-dimensional Energized diffusion, Heat and a source. The operator that shall be obtained extends the Conjugate Gradient method (ECGM as developed by Hestenes et al (1952, [1]. The new operator enables the computation of the penalty cost, optimal controls and state trajectories of the two-dimensional energized wave equation when apply to the Conjugate Gradient methods in (Waziri & Reju, LEJPT & LJS, Issues 9, 2006, [2-4] to appear in this series.

Automated de novo phasing and model building of coiled-coil proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Rämisch, Sebastian; Lizatović, Robert; André, Ingemar

2015-03-01

Models generated by de novo structure prediction can be very useful starting points for molecular replacement for systems where suitable structural homologues cannot be readily identified. Protein-protein complexes and de novo-designed proteins are examples of systems that can be challenging to phase. In this study, the potential of de novo models of protein complexes for use as starting points for molecular replacement is investigated. The approach is demonstrated using homomeric coiled-coil proteins, which are excellent model systems for oligomeric systems. Despite the stereotypical fold of coiled coils, initial phase estimation can be difficult and many structures have to be solved with experimental phasing. A method was developed for automatic structure determination of homomeric coiled coils from X-ray diffraction data. In a benchmark set of 24 coiled coils, ranging from dimers to pentamers with resolutions down to 2.5 Å, 22 systems were automatically solved, 11 of which had previously been solved by experimental phasing. The generated models contained 71-103% of the residues present in the deposited structures, had the correct sequence and had free R values that deviated on average by 0.01 from those of the respective reference structures. The electron-density maps were of sufficient quality that only minor manual editing was necessary to produce final structures. The method, named CCsolve, combines methods for de novo structure prediction, initial phase estimation and automated model building into one pipeline. CCsolve is robust against errors in the initial models and can readily be modified to make use of alternative crystallographic software. The results demonstrate the feasibility of de novo phasing of protein-protein complexes, an approach that could also be employed for other small systems beyond coiled coils.

La Demanda Residencial por Energía Eléctrica en Chile

OpenAIRE

Claudio A Agostini; Cecilia Plottier; Eduardo Saavedra

2011-01-01

En un contexto de demanda creciente y oferta estocástica de energía en Chile se hace necesario conocer a cabalidad los determinantes de la demanda por energía eléctrica de los hogares - en particular su elasticidad precio - para así utilizar mecanismos de flexibilización de precios con miras a reducir posibles déficits de energía. Este trabajo estima la demanda de energía eléctrica residencial usando información de la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) 2006, siendo in...

Helical type thermonuclear device and control method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishigaki, Yukio.

1990-01-01

In a conventional helical type thermonuclear device, electric current flows in the toroidal direction under magnetic fields of helical coils and vertical magnetic coils, by which a circulating electric field is caused. Therefore, there is a problem that electrons as a seed are generated by cosmic rays, etc., the electrons are confined in a magnetic field boundary, are accelerated by the circulating electric field, to reach a high energy level, collide against structures in a vacuum vessel and emit a great amount of X-rays. Then, compensation coils for offsetting the magnetic fields generated upon energization and deenergization of the vertical magnetic coils and the power source therefor are disposed at the positions opposing to each other on both sides of the vertical magnetic coils for controlling the variation coefficient rate of electric current upon energization and deenergization of the vertical magnetic coils. Since the compensation coils also offset the magnetic field generated upon energization and deenergization of the vertical magnetic field coils by this control, the circulating magnetic field is not caused in the vacuum vessel to reduce the X-ray radiation by electrons at high energy level. (N.H.)

Conception of Brownian coil

OpenAIRE

Zhang, Jiayuan

2018-01-01

This article proposes a conception of Brownian coil. Brownian coil is a tiny coil with the same size of pollen. Once immersed into designed magnetic field and liquid, the coil will be moved and deformed macroscopically, due to the microscopic thermodynamic molecular collisions. Such deformation and movement will change the magnetic flux through the coil, by which an ElectroMotive Force (EMF) is produced. In this work, Brownian heat exchanger and Brownian generator are further designed to tran...

Historical review: another 50th anniversary--new periodicities in coiled coils.

Science.gov (United States)

Gruber, Markus; Lupas, Andrei N

2003-12-01

In 1953, Francis Crick and Linus Pauling both proposed models of supercoiled alpha helices ('coiled coils') for the structure of keratin. These were the first attempts at modelling the tertiary structure of a protein. Crick emphasized the packing mode of the side-chains ('knobs-into-holes'), which required a periodicity of seven residues over two helical turns (7/2) and a supercoil in the opposite sense of the constituent helices. By contrast, Pauling envisaged a broader set of periodicities (4/1, 7/2, 18/5, 15/4, 11/3) and supercoils of both senses. Crick's model became canonical and the 'heptad repeat' essentially synonymous with coiled coils, but 50 years later new crystal structures and protein sequences show that the less common periodicities envisaged by Pauling also occur in coiled coils, adding a variant packing mode ('knobs-to-knobs') to the standard model. Pauling's laboratory notebooks suggest that he searched unsuccessfully for this packing mode in 1953.

Coiled-Coil Proteins Facilitated the Functional Expansion of the Centrosome

Science.gov (United States)

Kuhn, Michael; Hyman, Anthony A.; Beyer, Andreas

2014-01-01

Repurposing existing proteins for new cellular functions is recognized as a main mechanism of evolutionary innovation, but its role in organelle evolution is unclear. Here, we explore the mechanisms that led to the evolution of the centrosome, an ancestral eukaryotic organelle that expanded its functional repertoire through the course of evolution. We developed a refined sequence alignment technique that is more sensitive to coiled coil proteins, which are abundant in the centrosome. For proteins with high coiled-coil content, our algorithm identified 17% more reciprocal best hits than BLAST. Analyzing 108 eukaryotic genomes, we traced the evolutionary history of centrosome proteins. In order to assess how these proteins formed the centrosome and adopted new functions, we computationally emulated evolution by iteratively removing the most recently evolved proteins from the centrosomal protein interaction network. Coiled-coil proteins that first appeared in the animal–fungi ancestor act as scaffolds and recruit ancestral eukaryotic proteins such as kinases and phosphatases to the centrosome. This process created a signaling hub that is crucial for multicellular development. Our results demonstrate how ancient proteins can be co-opted to different cellular localizations, thereby becoming involved in novel functions. PMID:24901223

CCBuilder 2.0: Powerful and accessible coiled-coil modeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Wood, Christopher W; Woolfson, Derek N

2018-01-01

The increased availability of user-friendly and accessible computational tools for biomolecular modeling would expand the reach and application of biomolecular engineering and design. For protein modeling, one key challenge is to reduce the complexities of 3D protein folds to sets of parametric equations that nonetheless capture the salient features of these structures accurately. At present, this is possible for a subset of proteins, namely, repeat proteins. The α-helical coiled coil provides one such example, which represents ≈ 3-5% of all known protein-encoding regions of DNA. Coiled coils are bundles of α helices that can be described by a small set of structural parameters. Here we describe how this parametric description can be implemented in an easy-to-use web application, called CCBuilder 2.0, for modeling and optimizing both α-helical coiled coils and polyproline-based collagen triple helices. This has many applications from providing models to aid molecular replacement for X-ray crystallography, in silico model building and engineering of natural and designed protein assemblies, and through to the creation of completely de novo "dark matter" protein structures. CCBuilder 2.0 is available as a web-based application, the code for which is open-source and can be downloaded freely. http://coiledcoils.chm.bris.ac.uk/ccbuilder2. We have created CCBuilder 2.0, an easy to use web-based application that can model structures for a whole class of proteins, the α-helical coiled coil, which is estimated to account for 3-5% of all proteins in nature. CCBuilder 2.0 will be of use to a large number of protein scientists engaged in fundamental studies, such as protein structure determination, through to more-applied research including designing and engineering novel proteins that have potential applications in biotechnology. © 2017 The Authors Protein Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Protein Society.

Ahorre Energía: Consejos sobre el ahorro de dinero y energía en el hogar (Spanish Brochure), Energy Savers Guide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2014-09-01

La versión en castellano de la guía del Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos que ayuda a consumidores a ahorrar energía y dinero en el hogar y en las carreteras. The Spanish-language version of U.S. Department of Energy's consumer guide to saving energy and money at home and on the road.

HydroCoil as an adjuvant to bare platinum coil treatment of 100 cerebral aneurysms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fanning, Noel F.; Berentei, Zsolt; Brennan, Paul R.; Thornton, John

2007-01-01

Introduction The overall safety of the HydroCoil, an expansile hybrid hydrogel-platinum coil, is unknown. We report a prospective observational study of our first 100 cerebral aneurysms treated with HydroCoils, focusing on safety and initial efficacy.Methods Indications, procedural complications, clinical and angiographic outcomes were recorded. Packing density, number of coils deployed and angiographic results were compared with those in a matched control group of 100 aneurysms treated solely with bare platinum coils. HydroCoil complication rates were compared to bare platinum coil rates at our institution and in published series. Results Adjuvant HydroCoil treatment led to increased mean percentage aneurysm filling compared to controls (50 ± 21% versus 27 ± 13%, P < 0.001). Immediate posttreatment angiographic results showed significantly (P < 0.001) more complete occlusions and fewer incomplete (<95%) occlusions compared to controls. Intermediate follow-up angiograms (median 7.5 months) in 63 aneurysms showed a trend towards fewer incomplete occlusions with HydroCoil treatment. There were significantly fewer major recurrences with HydroCoil treatment compared to the control treatment (9.5% versus 22.6%, P 0.046). In the adjuvant HydroCoil group, major recurrent aneurysms had significantly less percentage volume packing with HydroCoils than non-recurrent aneurysms (50.3 ± 5.0% versus 65.3 ± 18.0%, P = 0.04). There was a 12% procedural complication rate, 6% procedural morbidity and 1% mortality rate, similar to institutional and reported bare platinum coil complication rates.Conclusion HydroCoils can be safely deployed with a similar complication rate to bare platinum coils. They result in improved aneurysm filling. Intermediate follow-up angiography showed significantly fewer major recurrences. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm initial improved stability. (orig.)

NET model coil test possibilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erb, J.; Gruenhagen, A.; Herz, W.; Jentzsch, K.; Komarek, P.; Lotz, E.; Malang, S.; Maurer, W.; Noether, G.; Ulbricht, A.; Vogt, A.; Zahn, G.; Horvath, I.; Kwasnitza, K.; Marinucci, C.; Pasztor, G.; Sborchia, C.; Weymuth, P.; Peters, A.; Roeterdink, A.

1987-11-01

A single full size coil for NET/INTOR represents an investment of the order of 40 MUC (Million Unit Costs). Before such an amount of money or even more for the 16 TF coils is invested as much risks as possible must be eliminated by a comprehensive development programme. In the course of such a programme a coil technology verification test should finally prove the feasibility of NET/INTOR TF coils. This study report is almost exclusively dealing with such a verification test by model coil testing. These coils will be built out of two Nb 3 Sn-conductors based on two concepts already under development and investigation. Two possible coil arrangements are discussed: A cluster facility, where two model coils out of the two Nb 3 TF-conductors are used, and the already tested LCT-coils producing a background field. A solenoid arrangement, where in addition to the two TF model coils another model coil out of a PF-conductor for the central PF-coils of NET/INTOR is used instead of LCT background coils. Technical advantages and disadvantages are worked out in order to compare and judge both facilities. Costs estimates and the time schedules broaden the base for a decision about the realisation of such a facility. (orig.) [de

Energization of Long HVAC Cables in Parallel - Analysis and Estimation Formulas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Silva, Filipe Faria Da; Bak, Claus Leth

2012-01-01

The installation of long HVAC cables has recently become more common and it tends to increase during the next years. Consequently, the energization of long HVAC cables in parallel is also a more common condition. The energization of HVAC cables in parallel resembles the en-ergization of capacitor...... has several simplifications and does not always provide accurate results. This paper proposes a new formula that can be used for the estimation of these two quantities for two HVAC cables in parallel....

A simple accurate chest-compression depth gauge using magnetic coils during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kandori, Akihiko; Sano, Yuko; Zhang, Yuhua; Tsuji, Toshio

2015-12-01

This paper describes a new method for calculating chest compression depth and a simple chest-compression gauge for validating the accuracy of the method. The chest-compression gauge has two plates incorporating two magnetic coils, a spring, and an accelerometer. The coils are located at both ends of the spring, and the accelerometer is set on the bottom plate. Waveforms obtained using the magnetic coils (hereafter, "magnetic waveforms"), which are proportional to compression-force waveforms and the acceleration waveforms were measured at the same time. The weight factor expressing the relationship between the second derivatives of the magnetic waveforms and the measured acceleration waveforms was calculated. An estimated-compression-displacement (depth) waveform was obtained by multiplying the weight factor and the magnetic waveforms. Displacements of two large springs (with similar spring constants) within a thorax and displacements of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training manikin were measured using the gauge to validate the accuracy of the calculated waveform. A laser-displacement detection system was used to compare the real displacement waveform and the estimated waveform. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the real displacement using the laser system and the estimated displacement waveforms were calculated. The estimated displacement error of the compression depth was within 2 mm (compression gauge, based on a new calculation method, provides an accurate compression depth (estimation error < 2 mm).

Dual coil ignition system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huberts, Garlan J.; Qu, Qiuping; Czekala, Michael Damian

2017-03-28

A dual coil ignition system is provided. The dual coil ignition system includes a first inductive ignition coil including a first primary winding and a first secondary winding, and a second inductive ignition coil including a second primary winding and a second secondary winding, the second secondary winding connected in series to the first secondary winding. The dual coil ignition system further includes a diode network including a first diode and a second diode connected between the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding.

Coil Migration through a Neuroform 3 Stent during Endovascular Coiling. A Case Report.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Hare, A

2009-07-29

Summary: A 43-year-old woman attended for stent assisted coiling. A Neuroform 30 x 4.5 mm stent had been successfully placed over the left periophthalmic aneurysm. During the coiling the first coil migrated through the crowns in the stent, lodging at the MCA bifurcation. We believe that the coil herniated through the overlying stent due to the carotid siphon curvature and the open cell design. Furthermore the distal markers of the stent impeded coil extraction with a MERCI device.

Estudio de viabilidad de un sistema de generación de energía eléctrica basado en energías renovables para países en vías de desarrollo

OpenAIRE

Villanueva Fernández, Gemma

2010-01-01

En este proyecto, primero se realiza una pequeña introducción para que el lector adquiera unos conocimientos mínimos sobre las energías renovables. Posteriormente, se describe los conceptos básicos de la energía solar fotovoltaica y los materiales usados en la misma. La energía solar fotovoltaica, es una transformación de la energía luminosa en energía eléctrica. El material más utilizado en la fabricación de los paneles solares es el silicio. De igual forma, se describe conceptos básicos de ...

Laser power supply

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whitehouse, D.R.; Hartshorn, D.W.

1975-01-01

A method of energizing a laser source stimulating flash lamp directly from an ac power line is presented. Uncontrolled diodes couple the anode and cathode of the flash lamp directly to the ac line. The lamp is triggered by a separate triggering circuit which produces its trigger pulse at a predetermined phase of the ac power source. The use of high current carrying controlled rectifiers and large energy storage devices is thereby eliminated. (U.S.)

TFTR toroidal field coil design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, G.E.; Punchard, W.F.B.

1977-01-01

The design of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) Toroidal Field (TF) magnetic coils is described. The TF coil is a 44-turn, spiral-wound, two-pancake, water-cooled configuration which, at a coil current of 73.3 kiloamperes, produces a 5.2-Tesla field at a major radius of 2.48 meters. The magnetic coils are installed in titanium cases, which transmit the loads generated in the coils to the adjacent supporting structure. The TFTR utilizes 20 of these coils, positioned radially at 18 0 intervals, to provide the required toroidal field. Because it is very highly loaded and subject to tight volume constraints within the machine, the coil presents unique design problems. The TF coil requirements are summarized, the coil configuration is described, and the problems highlighted which have been encountered thus far in the coil design effort, together with the development tests which have been undertaken to verify the design

NCSX Toroidal Field Coil Design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalish M; Rushinski J; Myatt L; Brooks A; Dahlgren F; Chrzanowski J; Reiersen W; Freudenberg K.

2005-01-01

The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is an experimental device whose design and construction is underway at the Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). The primary coil systems for the NCSX device consist of the twisted plasma-shaping Modular Coils, the Poloidal Field Coils, and the Toroidal Field (TF) Coils. The TF Coils are D-shaped coils wound from hollow copper conductor, and vacuum impregnated with a glass-epoxy resin system. There are 18 identical, equally spaced TF coils providing 1/R field at the plasma. They operate within a cryostat, and are cooled by LN2, nominally, to 80K. Wedge shaped castings are assembled to the inboard face of these coils, so that inward radial loads are reacted via the nesting of each of the coils against their adjacent partners. This paper outlines the TF Coil design methodology, reviews the analysis results, and summarizes how the design and analysis support the design requirements

Obtención de energía a partir de las corrientes marinas

OpenAIRE

Echeverría Cabodevilla, Álvaro

2017-01-01

El objetivo del proyecto es evaluar la viabilidad de una granja de energía hidrocinética en los territorios marinos españoles. Como se puede observar en el desarrollo del estudio, el resultado es negativo. En España no existe una gran zona que pueda ser utilizada para crear una granja de energía hidrocinética. La energía hidrocinética es aquella que utiliza la energía cinética del agua marina para obtener electricidad, principalmente los movimientos de agua de las corrientes ma...

Four signature motifs define the first class of structurally related large coiled-coil proteins in plants.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meier Iris

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Animal and yeast proteins containing long coiled-coil domains are involved in attaching other proteins to the large, solid-state components of the cell. One subgroup of long coiled-coil proteins are the nuclear lamins, which are involved in attaching chromatin to the nuclear envelope and have recently been implicated in inherited human diseases. In contrast to other eukaryotes, long coiled-coil proteins have been barely investigated in plants. Results We have searched the completed Arabidopsis genome and have identified a family of structurally related long coiled-coil proteins. Filament-like plant proteins (FPP were identified by sequence similarity to a tomato cDNA that encodes a coiled-coil protein which interacts with the nuclear envelope-associated protein, MAF1. The FPP family is defined by four novel unique sequence motifs and by two clusters of long coiled-coil domains separated by a non-coiled-coil linker. All family members are expressed in a variety of Arabidopsis tissues. A homolog sharing the structural features was identified in the monocot rice, indicating conservation among angiosperms. Conclusion Except for myosins, this is the first characterization of a family of long coiled-coil proteins in plants. The tomato homolog of the FPP family binds in a yeast two-hybrid assay to a nuclear envelope-associated protein. This might suggest that FPP family members function in nuclear envelope biology. Because the full Arabidopsis genome does not appear to contain genes for lamins, it is of interest to investigate other long coiled-coil proteins, which might functionally replace lamins in the plant kingdom.

Energizing Subject Guide Service with Web 2.0

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sheau-Hwang Chang

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This article will use LibGuides as an example to illustrate how a Web 2.0 platform can energize the subject guide service and give librarians an edge in expanding their roles. Topics to be discussed will include a brief introduction to LibGuides and its capabilities to energize subject guide creation, how it has been used by academic libraries, how it is used in Maxwell Library in expanding librarian's role, and finally its implications on librarianship.

Circuit and magnetic analysis for a system of Faraday rotator coils driven by a two-spool, four-rotor homopolar generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mayhall, D.J.; Tolk, K.M.; Weldon, W.F.; Rylander, H.G.; Woodson, H.H.

1977-01-01

As part of a cost optimization study, a computer based circuit analysis is performed to determine the energy storage requirements a homopolar generator must meet to drive an inductive load of Faraday rotator coils, which is an option considered for the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) Shiva laser system upgrade. The reference load consists of five parallel sets of three different size solenoidal coils in series. Each coil is modelled as a series inductance and resistance. The homopolar is modelled as a capacitance in series with a resistance and an inductance. The transmission lines connecting the homopolar and the coils are modelled as series inductances and resistances. The initial homopolar voltages and energies to create the required coil magnetic fields are obtained versus the small coil turns, homopolar capacitance, and line length, as are the times to current maximum, peak homopolar currents, and peak coil currents. For 50 ft lines, the minimum initial homopolar voltage varies from 20 to 17 MJ. The axial magnetic field variation in the rotator glass is <1.0%. The stored energy for the thickest coils is 2.4 times that of the thinnest coils

On modular stellarator reactor coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rau, F.; Harmeyer, E.; Kisslinger, J.; Wobig, H.

1985-01-01

Modular twisted coils are discussed which produce magnetic fields of the Advanced Stellarator WENDELSTEIN VII-AS type. Reducing the number coils/FP offers advantage for maintenance of coils, but increases the magnetic ripple and B m /B o . Computation of force densities within the coils of ASR and ASB yield local maximum values of about 80 and 180 MN/m 3 , respectively. A system of mutual coil support is being developed. Twisted coils in helical arrangement provide a reactor-sized HELIAC system. In order to reduce the magnetic ripple, a large number of 14 coils/FP in special arrangement is used

Quadruple Cone Coil with improved focality than Figure-8 coil in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Science.gov (United States)

Rastogi, Priyam; Lee, Erik G.; Hadimani, Ravi L.; Jiles, David C.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive therapy which uses a time varying magnetic field to induce an electric field in the brain and to cause neuron depolarization. Magnetic coils play an important role in the TMS therapy since their coil geometry determines the focality and penetration's depth of the induced electric field in the brain. Quadruple Cone Coil (QCC) is a novel coil with an improved focality when compared to commercial Figure-8 coil. The results of this newly designed QCC coil are compared with the Figure-8 coil at two different positions of the head - vertex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, over the 50 anatomically realistic MRI derived head models. Parameters such as volume of stimulation, maximum electric, area of stimulation and location of maximum electric field are determined with the help of computer modelling of both coils. There is a decrease in volume of brain stimulated by 11.6 % and a modest improvement of 8 % in the location of maximum electric field due to QCC in comparison to the Figure-8 coil. The Carver Charitable Trust and The Galloway Foundation.

Single-mode operation of a coiled multimode fiber amplifier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koplow, Jeffrey P.; Kliner, Dahv A. V.; Goldberg, Lew

2000-01-01

We report a new approach to obtaining single-transverse-mode operation of a multimode fiber amplifier in which the gain fiber is coiled to induce significant bend loss for all but the lowest-order mode. We demonstrated this method by constructing a coiled amplifier using Yb-doped, double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 25 μm and a numerical aperture of ∼0.1 (V≅7.4) . When the amplifier was operated as an amplified-spontaneous-emission source, the output beam had an M 2 value of 1.09±0.09 ; when seeded at 1064 nm, the slope efficiency was similar to that of an uncoiled amplifier. This technique will permit scaling of pulsed fiber lasers and amplifiers to significantly higher pulse energies and peak powers and cw fiber sources to higher average powers while maintaining excellent beam quality. (c) 2000 Optical Society of America

Estudio del balance energético en velocistas de alto rendimiento

OpenAIRE

Lorente Gutiérrez, Jesús

2015-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el balance energético en tres atletas de alto rendimiento durante 28 días, que coincidieron con el periodo competitivo de pista cubierta. La ingesta energética fue estudiada a partir de registros alimentarios durante los 28 días. Del mismo modo, el gasto energético fue estimado por tres métodos, mediante registros de actividad durante 28 días, mediante el estudio del ritmo metabólico basal estudiado por calorimetría indirecta, aplicándole el fa...

Fine-tuning of protein domain boundary by minimizing potential coiled coil regions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iwaya, Naoko; Goda, Natsuko; Unzai, Satoru; Fujiwara, Kenichiro; Tanaka, Toshiki; Tomii, Kentaro; Tochio, Hidehito; Shirakawa, Masahiro; Hiroaki, Hidekazu

2007-01-01

Structural determination of individual protein domains isolated from multidomain proteins is a common approach in the post-genomic era. Novel and thus uncharacterized domains liberated from intact proteins often self-associate due to incorrectly defined domain boundaries. Self-association results in missing signals, poor signal dispersion and a low signal-to-noise ratio in 1 H- 15 N HSQC spectra. We have found that a putative, non-canonical coiled coil region close to a domain boundary can cause transient hydrophobic self-association and monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution. Here we propose a rational method to predict putative coiled coil regions adjacent to the globular core domain using the program COILS. Except for the amino acid sequence, no preexisting knowledge concerning the domain is required. A small number of mutant proteins with a minimized coiled coil region have been rationally designed and tested. The engineered domains exhibit decreased self-association as assessed by 1 H- 15 N HSQC spectra with improved peak dispersion and sharper cross peaks. Two successful examples of isolating novel N-terminal domains from AAA-ATPases are demonstrated. Our method is useful for the experimental determination of domain boundaries suited for structural genomics studies

Fine-tuning of protein domain boundary by minimizing potential coiled coil regions.

Science.gov (United States)

Iwaya, Naoko; Goda, Natsuko; Unzai, Satoru; Fujiwara, Kenichiro; Tanaka, Toshiki; Tomii, Kentaro; Tochio, Hidehito; Shirakawa, Masahiro; Hiroaki, Hidekazu

2007-01-01

Structural determination of individual protein domains isolated from multidomain proteins is a common approach in the post-genomic era. Novel and thus uncharacterized domains liberated from intact proteins often self-associate due to incorrectly defined domain boundaries. Self-association results in missing signals, poor signal dispersion and a low signal-to-noise ratio in (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectra. We have found that a putative, non-canonical coiled coil region close to a domain boundary can cause transient hydrophobic self-association and monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution. Here we propose a rational method to predict putative coiled coil regions adjacent to the globular core domain using the program COILS. Except for the amino acid sequence, no preexisting knowledge concerning the domain is required. A small number of mutant proteins with a minimized coiled coil region have been rationally designed and tested. The engineered domains exhibit decreased self-association as assessed by (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectra with improved peak dispersion and sharper cross peaks. Two successful examples of isolating novel N-terminal domains from AAA-ATPases are demonstrated. Our method is useful for the experimental determination of domain boundaries suited for structural genomics studies.

Modelado Energético de Convertidores Primarios para el Aprovechamiento de las Energías Renovables Marinas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amable López

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar los métodos más habituales de aprovechamiento de distintos tipos de energías renovables procedentes del mar y analizar los modelos energéticos de los dispositivos utilizados para su explotación. Estos modelos son necesarios para el diseño del dispositivo así como para el estudio de su comportamiento dinámico. Su conocimiento resulta imprescindible también para su simulación dinámica y para el diseño de los algoritmos de control necesarios para conseguir una optimización energética y económica. En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los diferentes tipos de energías del mar, y se j ustifica el interés en el desarrollo de dispositivos específicos para el aprovechamiento de las corrientes marinas y de las olas, junto con una pequeña clasificación en función de la profundidad del agua en la zona de instalación de estos dispositivos. Para los convertidores de energía de las olas, generalmente, de tipo resonante, se presenta una metodología de tipo general, analizando los distintos campos de fuerzas actuantes y los métodos de obtención de las respuestas temporal y frecuencial. Para los dispositivos de aprovechamiento de las corrientes, se propone una metodología simplificada de modelado dinámico que puede ser utilizada en análisis del dispositivo concreto. Para ello se tiene en cuenta los perfiles hidrodinámicos que utilizan estos dispositivos, los datos del perfil de la corriente con la profundidad y del modelo de oleaje, y la dinámica propia del conjunto multiplicadora y generador eléctrico. La metodología propuesta se aplica al estudio de un caso concreto, correspondiente a un rotor de eje horizontal de un convertidor de energía de las corrientes. Los resultados obtenidos permiten analizar los efectos del oleaje y de las condiciones de flujo de la corriente no uniforme sobre las magnitudes energéticas más importantes. Abstract: The main objective of

Immunogenicity of coiled-coil based drug-free macromolecular therapeutics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kverka, Miloslav; Hartley, J.M.; Chu, T.W.; Yang, J.; Heidchen, R.; Kopeček, J.

2014-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 2 (2014), s. 5886-5896 ISSN 1616-0177 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.30.0003 Grant - others:NIH(US) GM095606 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : coiled-coil * enantiomers * HPMA copolymer Subject RIV: EC - Immunology

CCBuilder: an interactive web-based tool for building, designing and assessing coiled-coil protein assemblies.

Science.gov (United States)

Wood, Christopher W; Bruning, Marc; Ibarra, Amaurys Á; Bartlett, Gail J; Thomson, Andrew R; Sessions, Richard B; Brady, R Leo; Woolfson, Derek N

2014-11-01

The ability to accurately model protein structures at the atomistic level underpins efforts to understand protein folding, to engineer natural proteins predictably and to design proteins de novo. Homology-based methods are well established and produce impressive results. However, these are limited to structures presented by and resolved for natural proteins. Addressing this problem more widely and deriving truly ab initio models requires mathematical descriptions for protein folds; the means to decorate these with natural, engineered or de novo sequences; and methods to score the resulting models. We present CCBuilder, a web-based application that tackles the problem for a defined but large class of protein structure, the α-helical coiled coils. CCBuilder generates coiled-coil backbones, builds side chains onto these frameworks and provides a range of metrics to measure the quality of the models. Its straightforward graphical user interface provides broad functionality that allows users to build and assess models, in which helix geometry, coiled-coil architecture and topology and protein sequence can be varied rapidly. We demonstrate the utility of CCBuilder by assembling models for 653 coiled-coil structures from the PDB, which cover >96% of the known coiled-coil types, and by generating models for rarer and de novo coiled-coil structures. CCBuilder is freely available, without registration, at http://coiledcoils.chm.bris.ac.uk/app/cc_builder/. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

Laser safety at high profile laser facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barat, K.

2010-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. Laser safety has been an active concern of laser users since the invention of the laser. Formal standards were developed in the early 1970's and still continue to be developed and refined. The goal of these standards is to give users guidance on the use of laser and consistent safety guidance and requirements for laser manufacturers. Laser safety in the typical research setting (government laboratory or university) is the greatest challenge to the laser user and laser safety officer. This is due to two factors. First, the very nature of research can put the user at risk; consider active manipulation of laser optics and beam paths, and user work with energized systems. Second, a laser safety culture that seems to accept laser injuries as part of the graduate student educational process. The fact is, laser safety at research settings, laboratories and universities still has long way to go. Major laser facilities have taken a more rigid and serious view of laser safety, its controls and procedures. Part of the rationale for this is that these facilities draw users from all around the world presenting the facility with a work force of users coming from a wide mix of laser safety cultures. Another factor is funding sources do not like bad publicity which can come from laser accidents and a poor safety record. The fact is that injuries, equipment damage and lost staff time slow down progress. Hence high profile/large laser projects need to adapt a higher safety regimen both from an engineering and administrative point of view. This presentation will discuss all these points and present examples. Acknowledgement. This work has been supported by the University of California, Director, Office of Science.

Low-β magnetic reconnection driven by the intense lasers with a double-turn capacitor-coil

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Xiaoxia; Zhong, Jiayong; Zhang, Zhe; Zhou, Weimin; Teng, Jian; Li, Yutong; Han, Bo; Yuan, Dawei; Lin, Jun; Liu, Chang; Li, Yanfei; Zhu, Baojun; Wei, Huigang; Liang, Guiyun; Hong, Wei; He, Shukai; Yang, Siqian; Zhao, Yongqiang; Deng, Zhigang; Lu, Feng; Zhang, Zhimeng; Zhu, Bin; Zhou, Kainan; Su, Jingqin; Zhao, Zongqing; Gu, Yuqiu; Zhao, Gang; Zhang, Jie

2018-06-01

A double-turn capacitor-coil is used to produce a magnetic field (38.5 T) and construct a topology of magnetic reconnection in a low-β (β magnetic field topology. We demonstrated through experiments and numerical simulations that the reconnection process takes place between two non-uniform magnetic fields created by the coils, and that the plasma state and the associated magnetic topology in the process can be seen via the technology of the optical probe beam and the proton backlight.

Balance de energía en cultivos hortícolas a campo en Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Denoia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la gestión de la energía en cultivos de papa, tomate y lechuga en un área próxima a la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina. Se consideraron todos los ingresos de materia al sistema y su producción transformándolos en energía al multiplicar las cantidades de insumos por sus contenidos energéticos. Se analizó tanto la energía directa como la indirecta. Se estudió la gestión energética dentro de los límites físicos del sistema. Los indicadores empleados fueron: eficiencia energética (EfE y productividad energética (PE. Los balances energéticos de papa y tomate fueron negativos, mientras que en lechuga, la energía producida fue menor que la ingresada. La mayor eficiencia energética se registró en tomate (3,54, seguida por papa (2,69; la menor fue en lechuga (0,25. La energía ingresada en tomate resultó la más eficiente (88,6 kgMS/100 Mj, seguida por la de papa (16 kgMS/100 Mj y la de lechuga (10,8 kgMS/100 Mj.

Large superconducting coil fabrication development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, R.L.; Allred, E.L.; Anderson, W.C.; Burn, P.B.; Deaderick, R.I.; Henderson, G.M.; Marguerat, E.F.

1975-01-01

Toroidal fields for some fusion devices will be produced by an array of large superconducting coils. Their size, space limitation, and field requirements dictate that they be high performance coils. Once installed, accessibility for maintenance and repairs is severely restricted; therefore, good reliability is an obvious necessity. Sufficient coil fabrication will be undertaken to develop and test methods that are reliable, fast, and economical. Industrial participation will be encouraged from the outset to insure smooth transition from development phases to production phases. Initially, practice equipment for three meter bore circular coils will be developed. Oval shape coil forms will be included in the practice facility later. Equipment that is more automated will be developed with the expectation of winding faster and obtaining good coil quality. Alternate types of coil construction, methods of winding and insulating, will be investigated. Handling and assembly problems will be studied. All technology developed must be feasible for scaling up when much larger coils are needed. Experimental power reactors may need coils having six meter or larger bores

Multicoil2: predicting coiled coils and their oligomerization states from sequence in the twilight zone.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jason Trigg

Full Text Available The alpha-helical coiled coil can adopt a variety of topologies, among the most common of which are parallel and antiparallel dimers and trimers. We present Multicoil2, an algorithm that predicts both the location and oligomerization state (two versus three helices of coiled coils in protein sequences. Multicoil2 combines the pairwise correlations of the previous Multicoil method with the flexibility of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs in a Markov Random Field (MRF. The resulting algorithm integrates sequence features, including pairwise interactions, through multinomial logistic regression to devise an optimized scoring function for distinguishing dimer, trimer and non-coiled-coil oligomerization states; this scoring function is used to produce Markov Random Field potentials that incorporate pairwise correlations localized in sequence. Multicoil2 significantly improves both coiled-coil detection and dimer versus trimer state prediction over the original Multicoil algorithm retrained on a newly-constructed database of coiled-coil sequences. The new database, comprised of 2,105 sequences containing 124,088 residues, includes reliable structural annotations based on experimental data in the literature. Notably, the enhanced performance of Multicoil2 is evident when tested in stringent leave-family-out cross-validation on the new database, reflecting expected performance on challenging new prediction targets that have minimal sequence similarity to known coiled-coil families. The Multicoil2 program and training database are available for download from http://multicoil2.csail.mit.edu.

La inversión en energías renovables en Argentina

OpenAIRE

Recalde, Marina

2017-01-01

En este artículo se analiza en qué medida los factores del entorno de la política energética de un país en desarrollo, tal como Argentina, determinan la evolución de la inversión en energías renovables. La baja calidad institucional del país ayuda a crear condiciones no propicias que contrarrestan el efecto de la política energética, reduciendo los incentivos para invertir en tecnologías renovables. Es necesario entonces mejorar las condiciones institucionales de los países en desarrollo para...

Coil measurement data acquisition and curing press control system for SSC dipole magnet coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dickey, C.E.

1989-03-01

A coil matching program, similar in theory to the methods used to match Tevatron coils, is being developed at Fermilab. Modulus of elasticity and absolute coil size will be determined at 18-inch intervals along the coils while in the coil curing press immediately following the curing process. A data acquisition system is under construction to automatically acquire and manage the large quantities of data that result. Data files will be transferred to Fermilab's VAX Cluster for long-term storage and actual coil matching. The data acquisition system will also provide the control algorithm for the curing press hydraulic system. A description of the SSC Curing Press Data Acquisition and Controls System will be reported. 20 figs

Open coil traction system.

Science.gov (United States)

Vibhute, Pavankumar Janardan

2012-01-01

Sliding mechanics have become a popular method for space closure, with the development of preadjusted edgewise appliances. Furthermore, various space closing auxiliaries have been developed and extensively evaluated for their clinical efficiency. Their effectiveness is enhanced with optimum force magnitude and low load deflection rate/force decay. With the advent of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) springs in orthodontics, load deflection rates have been markedly reduced. To use Ni-Ti springs, clinicians have to depend upon prefabricated closed coil springs. The open coil traction system, or open coil retraction spring, is developed utilizing Ni-Ti open coil springs for orthodontic space closure. This article describes the fabrication and clinical application of the open coil traction system, which has a number of advantages. It sustains a low load deflection rate with optimum force magnitude, and its design is adjustable for a desired length and force level. It is fail-safe for both activation and deactivation (ie, it cannot be overactivated, and the decompression limit of the open coil is controlled by the operator). The open coil traction system can be offset from the mucosa to help reduce soft tissue impingement.

Plasmodium vivax antigen discovery based on alpha-helical coiled coil protein motif.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nora Céspedes

Full Text Available Protein α-helical coiled coil structures that elicit antibody responses, which block critical functions of medically important microorganisms, represent a means for vaccine development. By using bioinformatics algorithms, a total of 50 antigens with α-helical coiled coil motifs orthologous to Plasmodium falciparum were identified in the P. vivax genome. The peptides identified in silico were chemically synthesized; circular dichroism studies indicated partial or high α-helical content. Antigenicity was evaluated using human sera samples from malaria-endemic areas of Colombia and Papua New Guinea. Eight of these fragments were selected and used to assess immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. ELISA assays indicated strong reactivity of serum samples from individuals residing in malaria-endemic regions and sera of immunized mice, with the α-helical coiled coil structures. In addition, ex vivo production of IFN-γ by murine mononuclear cells confirmed the immunogenicity of these structures and the presence of T-cell epitopes in the peptide sequences. Moreover, sera of mice immunized with four of the eight antigens recognized native proteins on blood-stage P. vivax parasites, and antigenic cross-reactivity with three of the peptides was observed when reacted with both the P. falciparum orthologous fragments and whole parasites. Results here point to the α-helical coiled coil peptides as possible P. vivax malaria vaccine candidates as were observed for P. falciparum. Fragments selected here warrant further study in humans and non-human primate models to assess their protective efficacy as single components or assembled as hybrid linear epitopes.

Design of the ITER high-frequency magnetic diagnostic coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toussaint, M.; Testa, D.; Baluc, N.; Chavan, R.; Fournier, Y.; Lister, J.B.; Maeder, T.; Marmillod, P.; Sanchez, F.; Stoeck, M.

2011-01-01

This paper is an overview of work carried out on the design of the ITER high-frequency magnetic diagnostic coil (HF sensor). In the first part, the ITER requirements for the HF sensor are presented. In the second part, the ITER reference design of the HF sensor has been assessed and showed some potential weaknesses, which led us to the conclusion that alternative designs could usefully be examined. Several options have been explored, and are presented in the third part: (a) direct laser cutting a metallic tube, (b) stacking of plane windings manufactured from a tungsten plate by electrical discharge machining, (c) coil using the conventional spring manufacture. In the fourth part, sensors using the low temperature co-fired ceramic technology (LTCC) are presented: (d) monolithic 1D magnetic flux sensors based on LTCC technology, and (e) monolithic 3D magnetic flux sensors based on the same LTCC technology. The solution which showed the best results is the monolithic 3D magnetic flux sensor based on LTCC.

Auditoría energética en una planta de tratamiento de agua potable

OpenAIRE

Díaz Álvarez, Silvino

2012-01-01

En el panorama energético actual, con las recientes incertidumbres asociadas a los precios de la energía y las inestabilidades políticas en algunos países exportadores de hidrocarburos, reducir el consumo energético mediante tecnologías más eficientes es fundamental en la definición de nuevos usos de la energía en nuestra sociedad. Dada la actual coyuntura medioambiental, económica y social, hemos de encontrar un nuevo modelo de desarrollo sostenible, incrementando la productividad de nuestra...

Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests

Science.gov (United States)

Love, Milton S.; Nishimoto, Mary M.; Clark, Scott; McCrea, Merit; Bull, Ann Scarborough

2017-12-01

Offshore renewable energy facilities transmit electricity to shore through submarine power cables. Electromagnetic field emissions (EMFs) are generated from the transmission of electricity through these cables, such as the AC inter-array (between unit) and AC export (to shore) cables often used in offshore energy production. The EMF has both an electric component and a magnetic component. While sheathing can block the direct electric field, the magnetic field is not blocked. A concern raised by fishermen on the Pacific Coast of North America is that commercially important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister Dana, 1852)) might not cross over an energized submarine power cable to enter a baited crab trap, thus potentially reducing their catch. The presence of operating energized cables off southern California and in Puget Sound (cables that are comparable to those within the arrays of existing offshore wind energy devices) allowed us to conduct experiments on how energized power cables might affect the harvesting of both M. magister and another commercially important crab species, Cancer productus Randall, 1839. In this study we tested the questions: 1) Is the catchability of crabs reduced if these animals must traverse an energized power cable to enter a trap and 2) if crabs preferentially do not cross an energized cable, is it the cable structure or the EMF emitted from that cable that deters crabs from crossing? In field experiments off southern California and in Puget Sound, crabs were given a choice of walking over an energized power cable to a baited trap or walking directly away from that cable to a second baited trap. Based on our research we found no evidence that the EMF emitted by energized submarine power cables influenced the catchability of these two species of commercially important crabs. In addition, there was no difference in the crabs' responses to lightly buried versus unburied cables. We did observe that, regardless of the position of the cable

Spatially Localized Particle Energization by Landau Damping in Current Sheets

Science.gov (United States)

Howes, G. G.; Klein, K. G.; McCubbin, A. J.

2017-12-01

Understanding the mechanisms of particle energization through the removal of energy from turbulent fluctuations in heliospheric plasmas is a grand challenge problem in heliophysics. Under the weakly collisional conditions typical of heliospheric plasma, kinetic mechanisms must be responsible for this energization, but the nature of those mechanisms remains elusive. In recent years, the spatial localization of plasma heating near current sheets in the solar wind and numerical simulations has gained much attention. Here we show, using the innovative and new field-particle correlation technique, that the spatially localized particle energization occurring in a nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation has the velocity space signature of Landau damping, suggesting that this well-known collisionless damping mechanism indeed actively leads to spatially localized heating in the vicinity of current sheets.

Role conflict: cause of burnout or energizer?

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, M L

1993-03-01

A year-long study of public child welfare administrators examined the effects of role conflict on their attitudes and performance. Popular belief and some of the literature have suggested that burnout is inevitable for those confronted with role conflict. Other literature has proposed that it may instead be energizing to individuals and lead to greater personal and organizational effectiveness. This qualitative study found that individuals in the study had developed specific, effective skills for responding to role conflict. Although there was a public presentation of self that indicated they were under stress and in "impossible" situations, there was in fact an energizing effect resulting from the ongoing challenge of dealing with conflict.

Nexo agua-energía: desde el nacimiento del río Llobregat hasta Manresa

OpenAIRE

Prieto Márquez, Kelly; Badia Padilla, Ester; Grau Vilalta, Maria Dolors

2017-01-01

En este trabajo se estudia el nexo agua-energía en el tramo del río Llobregat desde Castellar de N’hug hasta Manresa. Se lleva a cabo una evaluación de la cantidad de energía necesaria en las estaciones potabilizadoras y depuradoras para adecuar el agua del río, además de determinar la cantidad de energía que generan las centrales mini-hidroeléctricas. Estos dos valores de energía finales son comparados para demostrar si se consume más energía que la que se genera, o al contrario. Se estud...

Split coil made of (RE)BCO pancake coils for IC(B) anisotropy measurements of superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frolek, L; Pardo, E; Gömöry, F; Šouc, J; Pitel, J

2014-01-01

Measurement of the I c (B) anisotropy is standard characterization of superconducting tapes, wires or cables. This contribution presents a split coil consisting on two superconducting pancake coils in order to generate the magnetic field necessary for this kind of measurement. Both coils were made using (RE)BCO – based second generation (2G) coated conductor tape with cross section 0.1 mm × 12 mm. The individual turns of the tape were insulated by a fiberglass tape without impregnation. These coils have identical inner and outer diameter and number of turns. Their inner and outer diameters are 50 mm and 80 mm, respectively, and they have 62 turns. The length of conductor in each coil is approximately 13 m. The distance between both pancake coils is 22 mm. Individual coils and the complete split coil were characterized in liquid nitrogen bath. Their parameters, like the critical currents, E(I) characteristics and magnetic field of complete split coil, were measured and interpreted. The split coil can be used up to magnetic fields of 210 mT. The length between the potential taps on the sample can be up to 20 mm, while the magnetic field decrease is lower than 1% on this length.

Unraveling double stranded alpha-helical coiled coils: an x-ray diffraction study on hard alpha-keratin fibers.

Science.gov (United States)

Kreplak, L; Doucet, J; Briki, F

2001-04-15

Transformations of proteins secondary and tertiary structures are generally studied in globular proteins in solution. In fibrous proteins, such as hard alpha-keratin, that contain long and well-defined double stranded alpha-helical coiled coil domains, such study can be directly done on the native fibrous tissue. In order to assess the structural behavior of the coiled coil domains under an axial mechanical stress, wide angle x-ray scattering and small angle x-ray scattering experiments have been carried out on stretched horse hair fibers at relative humidity around 30%. Our observations of the three major axial spacings as a function of the applied macroscopic strain have shown two rates. Up to 4% macroscopic strain the coiled coils were slightly distorted but retained their overall conformation. Above 4% the proportion of coiled coil domains progressively decreased. The main and new result of our study is the observation of the transition from alpha-helical coiled coils to disordered chains instead of the alpha-helical coiled coil to beta-sheet transition that occurs in wet fibers.

Advanced chemical oxygen iodine lasers for novel beam generation

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Kenan; Zhao, Tianliang; Huai, Ying; Jin, Yuqi

2018-03-01

Chemical oxygen iodine laser, or COIL, is an impressive type of chemical laser that emits high power beam with good atmospheric transmissivity. Chemical oxygen iodine lasers with continuous-wave plane wave output are well-developed and are widely adopted in directed energy systems in the past several decades. Approaches of generating novel output beam based on chemical oxygen iodine lasers are explored in the current study. Since sophisticated physical processes including supersonic flowing of gaseous active media, chemical reacting of various species, optical power amplification, as well as thermal deformation and vibration of mirrors take place in the operation of COIL, a multi-disciplinary model is developed for tracing the interacting mechanisms and evaluating the performance of the proposed laser architectures. Pulsed output mode with repetition rate as high as hundreds of kHz, pulsed output mode with low repetition rate and high pulse energy, as well as novel beam with vector or vortex feature can be obtained. The results suggest potential approaches for expanding the applicability of chemical oxygen iodine lasers.

Eficiencia energética de los edificios: repercusión medioambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Nieves Pacheco Jiménez

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Los recientes Planes, Estrategias y normas atinentes al fomento de la eficiencia energética en los edificios1 nacen en un contexto de preocupación por el cambio climático y sus consecuencias. Todos ellos persiguen la reducción de costes energéticos y la promoción de la sostenibilidad económica, política y ambiental. Un reflejo de esta inquietud por el bajo impacto ambiental puede observarse en el sector de la vivienda, cuyo consumo final de energía es muy elevado, y en la consiguiente intención de construir edificios bioclimáticos que aprovechen la energía del entorno. En aras a la consecución de estos objetivos, el Plan de Acción 2008-2012 impulsa una serie de medidas que recaen sobre el sector transporte, la industria, el sector residencial y el sector terciario, articulándose en torno a cuatro líneas de actuación: transversal, de movilidad, de edificios y de ahorro eléctrico. Este estudio aborda las pautas de ahorro y eficiencia energética propuestas para los edificios, tanto existentes como de nueva construcción, así como residenciales y del sector terciario. Para ello se hace imprescindible la remisión al concepto de “calidad” de los edificios, contemplado en la propia Exposición de Motivos de la Ley 38/1999, de Ordenación de la Edificación, y ligado estrechamente a la eficiencia energética de aquéllos.

The coiled coil motif in polymer drug delivery systems

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pechar, Michal; Pola, Robert

2013-01-01

Roč. 31, č. 1 (2013), s. 90-96 ISSN 0734-9750 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/08/0543; GA MŠk 1M0505 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : coiled coil * hydrophilic polymer * recombinant protein Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry Impact factor: 8.905, year: 2013

Situación energética de los hidrocarburos en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Rojas Lazo, Oswaldo; Rojas Rojas, Jorge; Salas Bacalla, Julio

2014-01-01

La tasa de crecimiento anual del consumo de energía en el mundo se incrementa a razón de 2 a 3%, teniendo a los hidrocarburos y el carbón como sus principales componentes. En el Perú las reservas probadas de energía son: gas (Camisea) con el 43% de la energía comercial, la hidroenergía 23,1%, los líquidos de gas natural con el 14,7% y otros con el 19.2%. La balanza comercial energética en el Perú es negativa, la producción de petróleo en los últimos años está descendiendo mientras que la prod...

A new type of coil structure called pan-shaped coil of wireless charging system based on magnetic resonance

Science.gov (United States)

Yue, Z. K.; Liu, Z. Z.; Hou, Y. J.; Zeng, H.; Liang, L. H.; Cui, S.

2017-11-01

The problem that misalignment between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil significantly impairs the transmission power and efficiency of the system has been attached more and more attention. In order to improve the uniformity of the magnetic field between the two coils to solve this problem, a new type of coil called pan-shaped coil is proposed. Three-dimension simulation models of the planar-core coil and the pan-shaped coil are established using Ansoft Maxwell software. The coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is obtained by simulating the magnetic field with the receiving coil misalignment or not. And the maximum percentage difference strength along the radial direction which is defined as the magnetic field uniformity factor is calculated. According to the simulation results of the two kinds of coil structures, it is found that the new type of coil structure can obviously improve the uniformity of the magnetic field, coupling coefficient and power transmission properties between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.

Coil protection calculator for TFTR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marsala, R.J.; Woolley, R.D.

1987-01-01

A new coil protection calculator (CPC) is presented in this paper. It is now being developed for TFTR's magnetic field coils will replace the existing coil fault detector. The existing fault detector sacrifices TFTR operating capability for simplicity. The new CPC will permit operation up to the actual coil limits by accurately and continuously computing coil parameters in real-time. The improvement will allow TFTR to operate with higher plasma currents and will permit the optimization of pulse repetition rates

Los balances energéticos en la producción agropecuaria.

OpenAIRE

Yepes Jaramillo, Guillermo; Martínez Bustamante, Enrique

2011-01-01

A través de este ensayo se presenta otro enfoque de análisis de la energía utilizada por los vegetales para la producción agraria. Se parte de los conceptos fundamentales relacionados con la termodinámica y la manera como el flujo de energía incide sobre el follaje de la vegetación y se distribuye, a través de las hojas, en todo el dosel de comunidades de plantas. La vida en la tierra es mantenida por el flujo de energía radiado por el sol y que entra en la biosfera. Por medio de la fotosínte...

Performance evaluation of matrix gradient coils.

Science.gov (United States)

Jia, Feng; Schultz, Gerrit; Testud, Frederik; Welz, Anna Masako; Weber, Hans; Littin, Sebastian; Yu, Huijun; Hennig, Jürgen; Zaitsev, Maxim

2016-02-01

In this paper, we present a new performance measure of a matrix coil (also known as multi-coil) from the perspective of efficient, local, non-linear encoding without explicitly considering target encoding fields. An optimization problem based on a joint optimization for the non-linear encoding fields is formulated. Based on the derived objective function, a figure of merit of a matrix coil is defined, which is a generalization of a previously known resistive figure of merit for traditional gradient coils. A cylindrical matrix coil design with a high number of elements is used to illustrate the proposed performance measure. The results are analyzed to reveal novel features of matrix coil designs, which allowed us to optimize coil parameters, such as number of coil elements. A comparison to a scaled, existing multi-coil is also provided to demonstrate the use of the proposed performance parameter. The assessment of a matrix gradient coil profits from using a single performance parameter that takes the local encoding performance of the coil into account in relation to the dissipated power.

Energía y cambio climático

OpenAIRE

Wilfredo Bulege Gutiérrez

2014-01-01

Es claro que el crecimiento de la población, la extracción de materiales, la producción alimentaria y el incremento de energía para todas las actividades humanas nos conducen a un estado de colisión con las capacidades de la biosfera y los ecosistemas en el proceso de asegurar la provisión de bienes y servicios indispensables para la vida (1). La producción de energía convencional y contaminante es hoy una de las más graves en este escenario, tanto que la comunidad internacional y las potenci...

Quench detector for large pulsed coils and quench analysis for the LASL/Westinghouse 20 MJ coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hennessy, M.J.; Heintz, A.W.; Eckels, P.W.

1981-01-01

A detection scheme has been devised for use in the test of the 20 Mj Induction Heating Coil. This scheme allows the sensing of plus or minus voltages less than 320 mv resistive in magnitude in coils which will have inductive voltage components as high as /plus or minus/2.5 kv. The network which achieves this sensitivity is stable to less than 12.8 ppm. This method adopted involves the bucking out of the inductive voltage with two secondary co-wound flux sensing coils tapped at locations adjacent to voltage taps in the main superconducting coil. The detection scheme is recommended if large ripple or control voltages exist subsequent to the coil pulse. The most severe event which might quench the coil and/or damage the winding is exposure of the coil to gaseous cooling through lack of proper liquid level control. The detection scheme will protect the coil against this and other abnormal conditions that could damage the coil

Pulsed power magnet technology for laser particle acceleration and laser plasma physics - a survey of developments at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kroll, Florian; Joost, Martin [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany); TU Dresden (Germany); Burris-Mog, Trevor; Herrmannsdoerfer, Thomas; Kraft, Stephan; Masood, Umar; Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter; Sobiella, Manfred; Wustmann, Bernd; Zherlitsyn, Sergei; Cowan, Thomas; Schramm, Ulrich [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany)

2013-07-01

Since the mid-1950s, pulsed high-field magnets have become a common, versatile research tool with application mostly in solid state physics and material research. Recently developed pulsed power magnet technology, specifically designed to meet the demands of laser acceleration and laser plasma experiments, open up new research opportunities: We present a pulsed air core solenoid (up to 20 T) for effective collection and focusing of laser accelerated particles. It could function as a crucial part of a compact, laser-based ion source (pursued by the LIGHT collaboration) or of beam guidance systems. Furthermore, the poster shows a split pair coil, utterly compact and with optical access in between the coil pairs and on axis, to study laser-driven plasma expansion under high magnetic fields (30 T). To power such devices, portable capacitor-based pulse generators have been developed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. We present first results of the functional testing of our third-generation pulse generator. Looking forward, we outline a concept for a medical gantry based on pulsed high field beam optics.

Extracción de energía del agua mediante generadores piezoeléctricos

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Mendoza, Iker

2014-01-01

El desarrollo del Proyecto consiste, por una parte, en el estudio sobre la respuesta de los materiales piezoeléctricos como generadores de energía en un entorno acuoso que está sometido a variaciones de potencial y, por otra, en el estudio técnico y económico de un equipo basado en la utilización esta fuente de energía y su comercialización en el mercado energético. Esta energía es la que se obtiene de la fuerza de arrastre del agua al desplazarse a causa del movimiento ondulatorio de las ol...

Supporting device for Toroidal coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araki, Takao.

1985-01-01

Purpose: To reduce the response of a toroidal coil supporting device upon earthquakes and improve the earthquake proofness in a tokamak type thermonuclear device. Constitution: Structural materials having large longitudinal modulus and enduring great stresses, for example, stainless steels are used as the toroidal coil supporting legs and heat insulating structural materials are embedded in a nuclear reactor base mats below the supporting legs. Furthermore, heat insulating concretes are spiked around the heat insulating structural materials to prevent the intrusion of heat to the toroidal coils. The toroidal coils are kept at cryogenic state and superconductive state for the conductors. In this way, the period of proper vibrations of the toroidal coils and the toroidal coil supporting structures can be shortened thereby decreasing the seismic response. Furthermore, since the strength of the supporting legs is increased, the earthquake proofness of the coils can be improved. (Kamimura, M.)

Ultrasound generation with high power and coil only EMAT concepts.

Science.gov (United States)

Rueter, Dirk; Morgenstern, Tino

2014-12-01

Electro-magnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are intended as non-contact and non-destructive ultrasound transducers for metallic material. The transmitted intensities from EMATS are modest, particularly at notable lift off distances. Some time ago a concept for a "coil only EMAT" was presented, without static magnetic field. In this contribution, such compact "coil only EMATs" with effective areas of 1-5cm(2) were driven to excessive power levels at MHz frequencies, using pulsed power technologies. RF induction currents of 10kA and tens of Megawatts are applied. With increasing power the electroacoustic conversion efficiency also increases. The total effect is of second order or quadratic, therefore non-linear and progressive, and yields strong ultrasound signals up to kW/cm(2) at MHz frequencies in the metal. Even at considerable lift off distances (cm) the ultrasound can be readily detected. Test materials are aluminum, ferromagnetic steel and stainless steel (non-ferromagnetic). Thereby, most metal types are represented. The technique is compared experimentally with other non-contact methods: laser pulse induced ultrasound and spark induced ultrasound, both damaging to the test object's surface. At small lift off distances, the intensity from this EMAT concept clearly outperforms the laser pulses or heavy spark impacts. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cuantificación del potencial energético undimotriz en las costas del Caribe colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime P

2017-11-01

Full Text Available En este documento se describen los avances en la cuantificación de la energía de las olas de la costa caribeña colombiana. La metodología utilizada servirá como punto de partida para establecer el potencial energético en Colombia para este tipo de suministro energético. En la actualidad, el potencial energético teórico estimado en las ondas de la costa cercana en la costa atlántica es de aproximadamente 1107 MW y esto fue posible con datos que se han recogido y procesado desde enero de 2014. Las ecuaciones que tienen en cuenta variables tales como: la densidad del agua de mar, la temperatura y la velocidad del viento en la zona. También muestra el progreso del diseño del sistema Near Shore para la verificación del potencial de energía de las olas que consiste en un dispositivo que transforma la energía cinética de las ondas del mar en energía potencial gravitacional que se va a usar para mover un generador de corriente alterna.

Fifty years of coiled-coils and alpha-helical bundles: a close relationship between sequence and structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Parry, David A D; Fraser, R D Bruce; Squire, John M

2008-09-01

alpha-Helical coiled coils are remarkable for the diversity of related conformations that they adopt in both fibrous and globular proteins, and for the range of functions that they exhibit. The coiled coils are based on a heptad (7-residue), hendecad (11-residue) or a related quasi-repeat of apolar residues in the sequences of the alpha-helical regions involved. Most of these, however, display one or more sequence discontinuities known as stutters or stammers. The resulting coiled coils vary in length, in the number of chains participating, in the relative polarity of the contributing alpha-helical regions (parallel or antiparallel), and in the pitch length and handedness of the supercoil (left- or right-handed). Functionally, the concept that a coiled coil can act only as a static rod is no longer valid, and the range of roles that these structures have now been shown to exhibit has expanded rapidly in recent years. An important development has been the recognition that the delightful simplicity that exists between sequence and structure, and between structure and function, allows coiled coils with specialized features to be designed de novo.

Modelling of subsonic COIL with an arbitrary magnetic modulation

Science.gov (United States)

Beránek, Jaroslav; Rohlena, Karel

2007-05-01

The concept of 1D subsonic COIL model with a mixing length was generalized to include the influence of a variable magnetic field on the stimulated emission cross-section. Equations describing the chemical kinetics were solved taking into account together with the gas temperature also a simplified mixing model of oxygen and iodine molecules. With the external time variable magnetic field the model is no longer stationary. A transformation in the system moving with the mixture reduces partial differential equations to ordinary equations in time with initial conditions given either by the stationary flow at the moment when the magnetic field is switched on combined with the boundary conditions at the injector. Advantage of this procedure is a possibility to consider an arbitrary temporal dependence of the imposed magnetic field and to calculate directly the response of the laser output. The method was applied to model the experimental data measured with the subsonic version of the COIL device in the Institute of Physics, Prague, where the applied magnetic field had a saw-tooth dependence. We found that various values characterizing the laser performance, such as the power density distribution over the active zone cross-section, may have a fairly complicated structure given by combined effects of the delayed reaction to the magnetic switching and the flow velocity. This is necessarily translated in a time dependent spatial inhomogeneity of output beam intensity profile.

Kinetic Simulations of Plasma Energization and Particle Acceleration in Interacting Magnetic Flux Ropes

Science.gov (United States)

Du, S.; Guo, F.; Zank, G. P.; Li, X.; Stanier, A.

2017-12-01

The interaction between magnetic flux ropes has been suggested as a process that leads to efficient plasma energization and particle acceleration (e.g., Drake et al. 2013; Zank et al. 2014). However, the underlying plasma dynamics and acceleration mechanisms are subject to examination of numerical simulations. As a first step of this effort, we carry out 2D fully kinetic simulations using the VPIC code to study the plasma energization and particle acceleration during coalescence of two magnetic flux ropes. Our analysis shows that the reconnection electric field and compression effect are important in plasma energization. The results may help understand the energization process associated with magnetic flux ropes frequently observed in the solar wind near the heliospheric current sheet.

Versatile fill coils: initial experience as framing coils for oblong aneurysms. A technical case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Osanai, Toshiya; Bain, Mark; Hui, Ferdinand K

2014-01-01

Coil embolization of oblong aneurysms is difficult because the majority of commercially available coils are manufactured with a helical or spherical tertiary structure. While adopting framing strategies for oblong aneurysms (aspect ratio ≥ 2: 1), traditional coils may be undersized in the long axis but oversized in the short axis, resulting in increased aneurysmal wall stress, risk of re-rupture, and difficulty creating a basket that respects the aneurysmal neck. We review three cases in which versatile filling coils (VFCs) were used as the initial coils for embolization of oblong aneurysms and report coil distribution characteristics and clinical outcomes. Packing density after VFC implantation was assessed using the software AngioSuite-Neuro edition and AngioCalc. a 58-year-old woman experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm (7.5 mm × 3.5 mm). A 3-6 mm × 15 cm VFC was selected as the first coil because the flexibility of its wave-loop structure facilitates framing of an irregularly shaped aneurysm. The loop portions of the structures tend to be pressed to the extremes of the aneurysmal sac by the wave component. The VFC was introduced smoothly into the aneurysmal sac without catheter kickback. We were then able to insert detachable filling coils without any adjunctive technique and achieved complete occlusion. Complete occlusion without severe complications was achieved in all three cases in our study. Average packing density after the first coil was 15.63%. VFC coils may have a specific role in framing oblong aneurysms given their complex loop-wave design, allowing spacing of the coils at the dome and neck while keeping sac stress to a minimum.

The IEA Large Coil Task

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beard, D.S.; Klose, W.; Shimamoto, S.; Vecsey, G.

1988-01-01

A multinational program of cooperative research, development, demonstrations, and exchanges of information on superconducting magnets for fusion was initiated in 1977 under an IEA agreement. The first major step in the development of TF magnets was called the Large Coil Task. Participants in LCT were the U.S. DOE, EURATOM, JAERI, and the Departement Federal de l'Interieur of Switzerland. The goals of LCT were to obtain experimental data, to demonstrate reliable operation of large superconducting coils, and to prove design principles and fabrication techniques being considered for the toroidal magnets of thermonuclear reactors. These goals were to be accomplished through coordinated but largely independent design, development, and construction of six test coils, followed by collaborative testing in a compact toroidal test array at fields of 8 T and higher. Under the terms of the IEA Agreement, the United States built and operated the test facility at Oak Ridge and provided three test coils. The other participants provided one coil each. Information on design and manufacturing and all test data were shared by all. The LCT team of each participant included a government laboratory and industrial partners or contractors. The last coil was completed in 1985, and the test assembly was completed in October of that year. Over the next 23 months, the six-coil array was cooled down and extensive testing was performed. Results were gratifying, as tests achieved design-point performance and well beyond. (Each coil reached a peak field of 9 T.) Experiments elucidated coil behavior, delineated limits of operability, and demonstrated coil safety. (orig./KP)

The heterotrimeric laminin coiled-coil domain exerts anti-adhesive effects and induces a pro-invasive phenotype.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Santos-Valle

Full Text Available Laminins are large heterotrimeric cross-shaped extracellular matrix glycoproteins with terminal globular domains and a coiled-coil region through which the three chains are assembled and covalently linked. Laminins are key components of basement membranes, and they serve as attachment sites for cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. In this work, we produced a recombinant fragment comprising the entire laminin coiled-coil of the α1-, β1-, and γ1-chains that assemble into a stable heterotrimeric coiled-coil structure independently of the rest of the molecule. This domain was biologically active and not only failed to serve as a substrate for cell attachment, spreading and focal adhesion formation but also inhibited cell adhesion to laminin when added to cells in a soluble form at the time of seeding. Furthermore, gene array expression profiling in cells cultured in the presence of the laminin coiled-coil domain revealed up-regulation of genes involved in cell motility and invasion. These findings were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and zymography assays. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the laminin coiled-coil domain displays anti-adhesive functions and has potential implications for cell migration during matrix remodeling.

Equilibrium field coil concepts for INTOR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strickler, D.J.; Peng, Y.K.M.; Brown, T.G.

1981-08-01

Methods are presented for reducing ampere-turn requirements in the EF coil system. It is shown that coil currents in an EF coil system external to the toroidal field coils can be substantially reduced by relaxing the triangularity of a D-shaped plasma. Further reductions are realized through a hybrid EF coil system using both internal and external coils. Equilibrium field coils for a poloidally asymmetric, single-null INTOR configuration are presented. It is shown that the shape of field lines in the plasma scrapeoff region and divertor channel improves as triangularity is reduced, but it does so at the possible expense of achievable stable beta values

La energía nuclear y la industria en Francia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roux, A.

1980-09-01

Full Text Available In this article an analysis is made of the favorable effects for industry involved in the development of nuclear energy and the interaction between them. Reference is made to the problem of energy supply in France and the need for an effort in energy savings, to the development of new sources and priority in the establishment of an important program of nuclear power plants. Also, an analysis is made of the role of Industry, the Atomic Energy and Electricity Commission of France in the supply and processing of the nuclear materials. Finally, a general review of the manpower and technical means presently available is made, as well as an examination of the investments foreseen for local development of this energy.

En este artículo se analizan los efectos favorables que para la Industria tiene el desarrollo de la energía nuclear y las interacciones entre ambas. Se hace referencia al problema del aprovisionamiento energético en Francia y a la necesidad de un esfuerzo en materia de ahorro de energía, al desarrollo de nuevas fuentes y a la prioridad en el establecimiento de un importante programa de centrales nucleares. También es analizado el papel de la Industria, la Comisaría de Energía Atómica y Electricidad de Francia en el abastecimiento y en la transformación de los materiales nucleares. Por último, se hace un repaso general de los medios humanos y técnicos con que se cuenta en la actualidad, así como de las inversiones previstas para un desarrollo nacional de esta energía.

Exploring the conserved water site and hydration of a coiled-coil trimerisation motif: a MD simulation study.

Science.gov (United States)

Dolenc, Jozica; Baron, Riccardo; Missimer, John H; Steinmetz, Michel O; van Gunsteren, Wilfred F

2008-07-21

The solvent structure and dynamics around ccbeta-p, a 17-residue peptide that forms a parallel three-stranded alpha-helical coiled coil in solution, was analysed through 10 ns explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 278 and 330 K. Comparison with two corresponding simulations of the monomeric form of ccbeta-p was used to investigate the changes of hydration upon coiled-coil formation. Pronounced peaks in the solvent density distribution between residues Arg8 and Glu13 of neighbouring helices show the presence of water bridges between the helices of the ccbeta-p trimer; this is in agreement with the water sites observed in X-ray crystallography experiments. Interestingly, this water site is structurally conserved in many three-stranded coiled coils and, together with the Arg and Glu residues, forms part of a motif that determines three-stranded coiled-coil formation. Our findings show that little direct correlation exists between the solvent density distribution and the temporal ordering of water around the trimeric coiled coil. The MD-calculated effective residence times of up to 40 ps show rapid exchange of surface water molecules with the bulk phase, and indicate that the solvent distribution around biomolecules requires interpretation in terms of continuous density distributions rather than in terms of discrete molecules of water. Together, our study contributes to understanding the principles of three-stranded coiled-coil formation.

Bow-shaped toroidal field coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonanos, P.

1981-05-01

Design features of Bow-Shaped Toroidal Field Coils are described and compared with circular and D shaped coils. The results indicate that bow coils can produce higher field strengths, store more energy and be made demountable. The design offers the potential for the production of ultrahigh toroidal fields. Included are representative coil shapes and their engineering properties, a suggested structural design and an analysis of a specific case

PDX toroidal field coils stress analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikodem, Z.D.; Smith, R.A.

1975-01-01

A method used in the stress analysis of the PDX toroidal field coil is developed. A multilayer coil design of arbitrary dimensions in the shape of either a circle or an oval is considered. The analytical model of the coil and the supporting coil case with connections to the main support structure is analyzed using the finite element technique. The three dimensional magnetic fields and the non-uniform body forces which are a loading condition on a coil due to toroidal and poloidal fields are calculated. The method of analysis permits rapid and economic evaluations of design changes in coil geometry as well as in coil support structures. Some results pertinent to the design evolution and their comparison are discussed. The results of the detailed stress analysis of the final coil design due to toroidal field, poloidal field and temperature loads are presented

Study on the performance improvement of the high temperature superconducting coil with several separated coils at the edges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishiguri, S.; Oka, T.; Fukui, S.; Ogawa, J.; Sato, T.

2008-01-01

In designing high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils, it is important to secure large magnetic fields and stored energy using shorter tape length. Thus, it is necessary to improve the transport current performance of the coils. The critical current and n-value of an HTS tape depend on magnetic fields and flux angles under constant temperature. Considering these dependencies, we established a model to analyze coil critical current. This model clarifies that relatively large electric fields are generated at the coil edges. This adversely affects the transport current performance. In this study, the coil edge is separated into several coils, keeping the total tape length constant. This increases the coil critical current, stored energy, central magnetic field, and also the coil volume, which contains vacancies created by the separation. To estimate coil performance, we calculated the stored energy density, whose denominator is the increased coil volume. This stored energy density reaches its maximum value when the number of the separated coils is eight. At this optimum separation, the central magnetic field increases by 13%, and the stored energy improves by 43%, compared to a rectangular coil wound with the same tape length

Liquid rope coiling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ribe, N.M.; Habibi, M.; Bonn, D.

2012-01-01

A thin stream or rope of viscous fluid falling from a sufficient height onto a surface forms a steadily rotating helical coil. Tabletop laboratory experiments in combination with a numerical model for slender liquid ropes reveal that finite-amplitude coiling can occur in four distinct regimes

Portable, Low-cost NMR with Laser-Lathe Lithography Produced

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herberg, J L; Demas, V; Malba, V; Bernhardt, A; Evans, L; Harvey, C; Chinn, S; Maxwell, R; Reimer, J; Pines, A

2006-12-21

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is unsurpassed in its ability to non-destructively probe chemical identity. Portable, low-cost NMR sensors would enable on-site identification of potentially hazardous substances, as well as the study of samples in a variety of industrial applications. Recent developments in RF microcoil construction (i.e. coils much smaller than the standard 5 mm NMR RF coils), have dramatically increased NMR sensitivity and decreased the limits-of-detection (LOD). We are using advances in laser pantographic microfabrication techniques, unique to LLNL, to produce RF microcoils for field deployable, high sensitivity NMR-based detectors. This same fabrication technique can be used to produce imaging coils for MRI as well as for standard hardware shimming or 'ex-situ' shimming of field inhomogeneities typically associated with inexpensive magnets. This paper describes a portable NMR system based on a laser-fabricated microcoil and homebuilt probe design. For testing this probe, we used a hand-held 2 kg Halbach magnet that can fit into the palm of a hand, and an RF probe with laser-fabricated microcoils. The focus of the paper is on the evaluation of the microcoils, RF probe, and first generation gradient coils. The setup of this system, initial results, sensitivity measurements, and future plans are discussed. The results, even though preliminary, are promising and provide the foundation for developing a portable, inexpensive NMR system for chemical analysis. Such a system will be ideal for chemical identification of trace substances on site.

Cooling and dehumidifying coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murthy, M.V.K.

1988-01-01

The operating features of cooling and dehumidifying coils and their constructional details are discussed. The heat transfer relations as applicable to the boiling refrigerant and a single phase fluid are presented. Methods of accounting for the effect of moisture condensation on the air side heat transfer coefficient and the fin effectiveness are explained. The logic flow necessary to analyze direct expansion coils and chilled water coils is discussed

Comparison of the association of sac growth and coil compaction with recurrence in coil embolized cerebral aneurysms.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna L Hoppe

Full Text Available In recurrent cerebral aneurysms treated by coil embolization, coil compaction is regarded as the presumptive mechanism. We test the hypothesis that aneurysm growth is the primary recurrence mechanism. We also test the hypothesis that the coil mass will translate a measurable extent when recurrence occurs.An objective, quantitative image analysis protocol was developed to determine the volumes of aneurysms and coil masses during initial and follow-up visits from 3D rotational angiograms. The population consisted of 15 recurrence and 12 non-recurrence control aneurysms initially completely coiled at a single center. An investigator sensitivity study was performed to assess the objectivity of the methods. Paired Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05, one-tailed were performed to assess for aneurysm and coil growth. The translation of the coil mass center at follow-up was computed. A Mann Whitney U-Test (p<0.05, one-tailed was used to compare translation of coil mass centers between recurrence and control subjects.Image analysis protocol was found to be insensitive to the investigator. Aneurysm growth was evident in the recurrence cohort (p=0.003 but not the control (p=0.136. There was no evidence of coil compaction in either the recurrence or control cohorts (recurrence: p=0.339; control: p=0.429. The translation of the coil mass centers was found to be significantly larger in the recurrence cohort than the control cohort (p=0.047.Aneurysm sac growth, not coil compaction, was the primary mechanism of recurrence following successful coil embolization. The coil mass likely translates to a measurable extent when recurrence occurs and has the potential to serve as a non-angiographic recurrence marker.

A coil test facility for the cryogenic tests of the JT-60SA TF coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chantant, M.; Genini, L.; Bayetti, P.; Millet, F.; Wanner, M.; Massaut, V.; Corte, A. Della; Ardelier-Desage, F.; Catherine-Dumont, V.; Dael, A.; Decool, P.; Donati, A.; Duchateau, J.L.; Garibaldi, P.; Girard, S.; Hatchressian, J.C.; Fejoz, P.; Jamotton, P.; Jourdheuil, L.; Juster, F.P.

2011-01-01

In the framework of the Broader Approach Activities, the EU will deliver to Japan the 18 superconducting coils, which constitute the JT-60SA Toroidal field magnet. These 18 coils, manufactured by France and Italy, will be cold tested before shipping to Japan. For this purpose, the European Joint Undertaking for ITER, the Development of Fusion Energy ('Fusion for Energy', F4E) and the European Voluntary Contributors are collaborating to design and set-up a coil test facility (CTF) and to perform the acceptance test of the 18 JT-60SA Toroidal Field (TF) coils. The test facility is designed to test one coil at a time at nominal current and cryogenic temperature. The test of the first coil of each manufacturer includes a quench triggered by increasing the temperature. The project is presently in the detailed design phase.

Costo energético de las labores de preparación de suelo en Cuba

OpenAIRE

Pedro Paneque Rondón; Dailyn Soto León

2007-01-01

El objetivo fundamental del trabajo fue determinar el costo energético de las operaciones agrícolas mecanizadas y comparar los costos energéticos de los distintos tamaños (anchos de trabajo) de los aperos más utilizados en el país para la preparación de suelo, testando la hipótesis de que el costo energético expresado en MJ/ha es independiente del tamaño del equipo. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron llegar a las siguientes conclusiones: los mayores costos energéticos cor...

The Roles of Fluid Compression and Shear in Electron Energization during Magnetic Reconnection

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui; Birn, Joachim

2018-03-01

Particle acceleration in space and astrophysical reconnection sites is an important unsolved problem in studies of magnetic reconnection. Earlier kinetic simulations have identified several acceleration mechanisms that are associated with particle drift motions. Here, we show that, for sufficiently large systems, the energization processes due to particle drift motions can be described as fluid compression and shear, and that the shear energization is proportional to the pressure anisotropy of energetic particles. By analyzing results from fully kinetic simulations, we show that the compression energization dominates the acceleration of high-energy particles in reconnection with a weak guide field, and the compression and shear effects are comparable when the guide field is 50% of the reconnecting component. Spatial distributions of those energization effects reveal that reconnection exhausts, contracting islands, and island-merging regions are the three most important regions for compression and shear acceleration. This study connects particle energization by particle guiding-center drift motions with that due to background fluid motions, as in the energetic particle transport theory. It provides foundations for building particle transport models for large-scale reconnection acceleration such as those in solar flares.

Design and testing of a coil-unit barrel for helical coil electromagnetic launcher

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Dong; Liu, Zhenxiang; Shu, Ting; Yang, Lijia; Ouyang, Jianming

2018-01-01

A coil-unit barrel for a helical coil electromagnetic launcher is described. It provides better features of high structural strength and flexible adjustability. It is convenient to replace the damaged coil units and easy to adjust the number of turns in the stator coils due to the modular design. In our experiments, the highest velocity measured for a 4.5-kg projectile is 47.3 m/s and the mechanical reinforcement of the launcher could bear 35 kA peak current. The relationship between the energy conversion efficiency and the inductance gradient of the launcher is also studied. In the region of low inductance gradient, the efficiency is positively correlated with the inductance gradient. However, in the region of high inductance gradient, the inter-turn arc erosion becomes a major problem of limiting the efficiency and velocity of the launcher. This modular barrel allows further studies in the inter-turn arc and the variable inductance gradient helical coil launcher.

Análise dos impactos energéticos e econômicos do programa brasileiro de etiquetagem energética (PBE/Inmetro em coletores solares térmicos do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Pedro Stefano Marchesini Fonseca

2018-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo avalia os impactos energéticos e econômicos do uso de coletores solares térmicos planos fechados, típicos do setor residencial, nas diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil, considerando as classes de eficiência energética do Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem Energética – PBE/INMETRO. As avaliações energéticas mostraram que todas as classes de coletores solares, de A (mais eficiente a E (menos eficiente, apresentam significativos ganhos energéticos, em substituição aos chuveiros elétricos. Foi definida uma cidade representativa para cada região geográfica do país, bem como sua temperatura média ambiente e nível de radiação mensal, o volume diário de água do banho a ser aquecida pelo sistema e o chuveiro elétrico e também a área média de painel solar para cada residência. Posteriormente, foram coletadas as informações de custos dos modelos representativos em relação as classes de eficiência energética, bem como taxa de juros e tarifas de energia elétrica e, assim, foram calculadas as frações solares anuais. As análises econômicas, utilizando a ferramenta de Benefício Anual Líquido – BAL, mostraram que nem sempre é viável o consumidor residencial utilizar equipamentos mais eficientes, classe A (com o Selo PROCEL.

Vulnerabilidad energética en la metrópoli de Buenos Aires

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Silvina Carrizo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Argentina declaró el uso racional y la eficacia energética una prioridad nacional, en consonancia con las recomendaciones de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía. Buenos Aires se ha comprometido con varios programas internacionales de preparación al cambio climático. Así a distintas escalas surgen iniciativas para modificar las condiciones y modalidades de aprovisionamiento y consumo energéticos, que revelan la precariedad y vulnerabilidad del sistema y los servicios. Este trabajo presenta una reflexión sobre los cambios que se dan en ese sentido, mostrando los inconvenientes del modelo energético argentino en Buenos Aires y las estrategias o medidas que tienden a revertirlos y a preparar la ciudad para situaciones críticas. En general, se trata de iniciativas que se implementan individual o parcialmente, sin que haya un plan integral promovido a escala colectiva. Las correcciones resultan marginales en el conjunto sin aliviar los problemas que se agravan por el crecimiento vertiginoso de las demandas. Entonces la continuidad del modelo energético argentino basado en hidrocarburos, para abastecer infraestructura que trabaja al límite de su capacidad y servir territorios que no se han preparado para las posibles crisis, explicaría la vulnerabilidad del sistema de abastecimiento metropolitano.

Desarrollo metodológico a partir de mosaicos urbanos para evaluar la eficiencia energética y el aprovechamiento de la energía solar en el marco de la sustentabilidad urbana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Melisa Viegas

Full Text Available En Argentina, la producción y reciclado de los edificios ha crecido significativamente en los últimos años, correspondiendo el mayor porcentaje a los residenciales. En este sentido es indispensable desarrollar herramientas analíticas que permitan comprender y monitorear los procesos involucrados en el fenómeno de la urbanización y cuantificar sus consecuencias energético-ambientales. El presente trabajo desarrolla una metodología que estudia, a partir de una unidad representativa (mosaico urbano, la aptitud de los distintos sectores de la ciudad para el aprovechamiento energético de la radiación solar en las diferentes texturas urbanas y sus áreas de disipación térmica, determinando el potencial energético de las mismas. Para ello se desarrolla: (a la definición conceptual de "mosaico urbano", su utilidad y su definición técnica; (b la evaluación de las herramientas para el procesamiento, la modelización espacial y energética de mosaicos; y (c un ejemplo de aplicación de la metodología. Los resultados verifican el desarrollo conceptual y la factibilidad de la metodología aplicable a un caso testigo de la ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (latitud 34°55 S; longitud 57°57 O, y permiten realizar estimaciones de la potencialidad para hacer eficiente el uso de la energía y aprovechar la energía solar (se obtuvo un 44,3% de ahorro de energía en calefacción.

Analysis and experimental study of wireless power transfer with HTS coil and copper coil as the intermediate resonators system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Xiufang; Nie, Xinyi; Liang, Yilang; Lu, Falong; Yan, Zhongming; Wang, Yu

2017-01-01

Highlights: • We investigated a kind of system architecture with three coils which the repeater is copper coil or HTS coil. • We simulated the different repeater system and obtained the magnetic field distribution at different distance. • We used helical coil instead of pancake coil which does not use capacitors. • HTS intermediate coil has significant effect on improving the transmission efficiency and lengthening transmission distance than copper intermediate coil. - Abstract: Intermediate resonator (repeater) between transmitter and receiver can significantly increase the distance of wireless power transfer (WPT) and the efficiency of wireless power transfer. The wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances with an high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil and copper coil as intermediate resonators was presented in this paper. The electromagnetic experiment system under different conditions with different repeating coils were simulated by finite element software. The spatial distribution patterns of magnetic induction intensity at different distances were plotted. In this paper, we examined transfer characteristics with HTS repeating coil and copper repeating coil at 77 K and 300 K, respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that HTS and copper repeating coil can effectively enhance the space magnetic induction intensity, which has significant effect on improving the transmission efficiency and lengthening transmission distance. We found that the efficiency and the distance of wireless power transfer system with an HTS coil as repeater is much higher by using of copper coil as repeater.

Analysis and experimental study of wireless power transfer with HTS coil and copper coil as the intermediate resonators system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Xiufang [School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Physics and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Nie, Xinyi [School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Liang, Yilang [School of Physics and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Lu, Falong [School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Yan, Zhongming, E-mail: wangxiufanghappy@163.com [School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Wang, Yu [School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China)

2017-01-15

Highlights: • We investigated a kind of system architecture with three coils which the repeater is copper coil or HTS coil. • We simulated the different repeater system and obtained the magnetic field distribution at different distance. • We used helical coil instead of pancake coil which does not use capacitors. • HTS intermediate coil has significant effect on improving the transmission efficiency and lengthening transmission distance than copper intermediate coil. - Abstract: Intermediate resonator (repeater) between transmitter and receiver can significantly increase the distance of wireless power transfer (WPT) and the efficiency of wireless power transfer. The wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances with an high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil and copper coil as intermediate resonators was presented in this paper. The electromagnetic experiment system under different conditions with different repeating coils were simulated by finite element software. The spatial distribution patterns of magnetic induction intensity at different distances were plotted. In this paper, we examined transfer characteristics with HTS repeating coil and copper repeating coil at 77 K and 300 K, respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that HTS and copper repeating coil can effectively enhance the space magnetic induction intensity, which has significant effect on improving the transmission efficiency and lengthening transmission distance. We found that the efficiency and the distance of wireless power transfer system with an HTS coil as repeater is much higher by using of copper coil as repeater.

Critical phenomena and polymer coil-to-globule transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu, B.; Xu Renliang; Wang Zhulun; Zuo Ju

1988-01-01

Small-angle scattering techniques including laser light scattering (LLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) have been useful tools to measure the static and dynamic properties (in terms of critical fluctuations) of fluids, fluid mixtures, polymer and micellar solutions, polymer blends and metallic alloys. A brief review is given of recent results in critical-phenomena experiments using small-angle scattering techniques. Topics of current interest are pointed out, and a guide to the vast literature on critical opalescence is provided. Coil-to-globule transition in polymer solutions has been a classic experimental challenge over the past decade. In order to succeed in reaching the collapsed regime, it becomes important to realize that single coil contraction of a linear polymer molecule in solution takes place in the neighborhood of phase separations. By using the recent development of a small-angle light-scattering spectrometer and by taking advantage of a successful polymer fractionation experiment, the transition behavior of linear polystyrene in cyclohexane from the Θ state to the collapsed regime can be characterized based on both the radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius. (orig.)

ANL experimental program for pulsed superconducting coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.T.; Kim, S.H.; Praeg, W.F.; Krieger, C.I.

1978-01-01

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) had recognized the clear advantage of a superconducting ohmic-heating (OH) coil and started in aggressive development program in FY 1977. The main objectives for FY 1977 are to develop cryostable basic cable configurations with reasonably low ac losses, to develop 12 kA cryostable cable, using it to design and build a 1.5 MJ pulsed coil, and to develop a rather inexpensive large fiberglass reinforced helium cryostat for the 1.5 MJ pulsed coil. The principal objective in building the 1.5 MJ ac coil is to demonstrate ac cryostability of a large coil ranging from 2 T/s up to 12 T/s. Another objective in the pulsed coil program is to determine the feasibility of parallel coil operation in order to avoid excessive voltage and current requirements and to minimize the number of turns for the equilibrium field (EF) coils, should the EF coils be connected in parallel with the OH coils. A two-coil section model using the 11 kA cable will be built and tested

ANL experimental program for pulsed superconducting coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.T.; Kim, S.H.; Praeg, W.F.; Krieger, C.I.

1977-01-01

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) had recognized the clear advantage of a superconducting ohmic-heating (OH) coil and started an aggressive development program in FY 1977. The main objectives for FY 1977 are to develop cryostable basic cable configurations with reasonably low ac losses, to develop 12 kA cryostable cable, using it to design and build a 1.5 MJ pulsed coil, and to develop a rather inexpensive large fiberglass reinforced helium cryostat for the 1.5 MJ pulsed coil. The principal objective in building the 1.5 MJ ac coil is to demonstrate ac cryostability of a large coil ranging from 2 T/s up to 12 T/s. Another objective in the pusled coil program is to determine the feasibility of parallel coil operation in order to avoid excessive voltage and current requirements and to minimize the number of turns for the equilibrium field (EF) coils, should the EF coils be connected in parallel with the OH coils. A two-coil section model using the 11 kA cable will be built and tested

Comparison of surface coil and knee coil for evaluation of the patellar cartilage by MR imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steen, M. van den; Maeseneer, M. de; Hoste, M.; Vanderdood, K.; Ridder, F. de; Osteaux, M.

2003-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this work was to compare the knee coil and the surface coil for the visualisation of the patellar cartilage. Materials and methods: In 28 patients (17 women, 11 men) with an average age of 40 years (range 14-76) with knee pain MR was performed. Transverse images were obtained using a fast spin echo proton density weighted sequence on a Philips Gyroscan Intera 1.5 T clinical system. Transverse images were obtained at the level of the patellar cartilage using both the surface and the knee coil. All images were evaluated by consensus of two radiologists. They evaluated a number of quality criteria on a 4-point scale. Criteria for artefacts were also graded on a 4-point scale. Results: For the visualisation of fluid there was no significant difference between the knee coil and the surface coil (P=0.021). For all other criteria regarding image quality and presence of imaging artefacts there was a significant difference between both coils (P<0.001) with the surface coil obtaining the better result. Conclusion: The use of the surface coil in the visualisation of the patellar cartilage can be recommended at knee MR

Structure of bacteriophage T4 fibritin: a segmented coiled coil and the role of the C-terminal domain.

Science.gov (United States)

Tao, Y; Strelkov, S V; Mesyanzhinov, V V; Rossmann, M G

1997-06-15

Oligomeric coiled-coil motifs are found in numerous protein structures; among them is fibritin, a structural protein of bacteriophage T4, which belongs to a class of chaperones that catalyze a specific phage-assembly process. Fibritin promotes the assembly of the long tail fibers and their subsequent attachment to the tail baseplate; it is also a sensing device that controls the retraction of the long tail fibers in adverse environments and, thus, prevents infection. The structure of fibritin had been predicted from sequence and biochemical analyses to be mainly a triple-helical coiled coil. The determination of its structure at atomic resolution was expected to give insights into the assembly process and biological function of fibritin, and the properties of modified coiled-coil structures in general. The three-dimensional structure of fibritin E, a deletion mutant of wild-type fibritin, was determined to 2.2 A resolution by X-ray crystallography. Three identical subunits of 119 amino acid residues form a trimeric parallel coiled-coil domain and a small globular C-terminal domain about a crystallographic threefold axis. The coiled-coil domain is divided into three segments that are separated by insertion loops. The C-terminal domain, which consists of 30 residues from each subunit, contains a beta-propeller-like structure with a hydrophobic interior. The residues within the C-terminal domain make extensive hydrophobic and some polar intersubunit interactions. This is consistent with the C-terminal domain being important for the correct assembly of fibritin, as shown earlier by mutational studies. Tight interactions between the C-terminal residues of adjacent subunits counteract the latent instability that is suggested by the structural properties of the coiled-coil segments. Trimerization is likely to begin with the formation of the C-terminal domain which subsequently initiates the assembly of the coiled coil. The interplay between the stabilizing effect of the C

High-resolution MR imaging of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC): comparison of microscopy coils and a conventional small surface coil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshioka, Hiroshi [Department of Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (Japan); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women' s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, 02115, Boston, MA (United States); Ueno, Teruko; Itai, Yuji [Department of Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (Japan); Tanaka, Toshikazu [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tsukuba Kinen Hospital, Tsukuba (Japan); Shindo, Masashi [Tsukuba University Hospital, Tsukuba (Japan)

2003-10-01

To compare MR images of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) using microscopy coils with those using a conventional surface coil qualitatively and quantitatively. Proton density-weighted images and T2*-weighted images of the TFCC from ten normal volunteers were obtained with a conventional surface coil (C4 coil; 80 mm in diameter), a 47-mm microscopy surface coil and a 23-mm microscopy surface coil at 1.5 T. Qualitative image analysis of MR images with three coils was performed by two radiologists who assigned one of five numerical scores (0, nonvisualization; 1, poor; 2, average; 3, good; 4, excellent) for five TFCC components, which were disc proper, triangular ligament, meniscus homologue, ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligament. Quantitative analysis included the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the disc proper of TFCC, the lunate cartilage, the lunate bone and the contrast-noise-ratio (C/N) between articular cartilage and disc proper or bone marrow were measured. All structures show higher scores qualitatively on MR with microscopy coils than those with a C4 coil, and the difference was significant with the exception of the ulnolunate ligament. MR with microscopy coils showed significantly higher S/N values than those with a conventional surface coil (P<0.05 to P<0.001). T2*-weighted images using microscopy coils showed significantly higher cartilage-disc proper C/N and cartilage-bone marrow C/N (P<0.01 to P<0.001). On proton density-weighted images, the C/N between cartilage and disc proper with two microscopy coils was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that with a conventional coil. High-resolution MR images of the normal wrist using microscopy coils were superior to those using a conventional surface coil qualitatively and quantitatively. High-resolution MR imaging with a microscopy coil would be a promising method to diagnose TFCC lesions. (orig.)

La Seguridad Energética y la Estrategia Global de Seguridad de la Unión Europea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruben Herrero

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo plantea una definición ampliada del concepto de seguridad energética, yendo más allá del concepto clásico establecido por la Agencia Internacional de la Energía, incorporando cuestiones relativas a la eficiencia energética, la aceptabilidad del modelo energético y los retos que impone el cambio climático, pero sin perder de perspectiva las exigencias y las dinámicas competitivas económicas globales. Sobre la base de este concepto ampliado, se examina la evolución de la seguridad energética en el marco de la Unión Europea, con una atención particular a cómo se concibe la seguridad energética en la Estrategia Global de Seguridad de 2016.

Iluminación con Energía Solar Fotovoltaica para Autoservicios en Bogotá

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilmar Giovani Santamaría

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un estudio técnico y económico sobre el uso de energía fotovoltaica para iluminación en dos (2 autoservicios en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se analizan diferentes aspectos a tener en cuenta, como la radiación solar mínima sobre el área considerada y los consumos en iluminación con energía convencional. Se estima que, al realizar el cambio de iluminación de bombillos fluorescentes a bombillos LED y establecer como fuente primaria las baterías previamente alimentadas con energía fotovoltaica, se reduce el consumo de energía eléctrica de manera considerable en iluminación. Con esta hipótesis, se plantean tres opciones de sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos para cada uno de los autoservicios con todos los elementos necesarios para el mejor funcionamiento, el estudio económico de cada opción y un estimativo del ahorro energético.

Endovascular rescue method for undesirably stretched coil.

Science.gov (United States)

Cho, Jae Hoon

2014-10-01

Undesirable detachment or stretching of coils within the parent artery during aneurysm embolization can be related with thrombus formation, which can be caused occlusion of parent artery or embolic event(s). To escape from this situation, several rescue methods have been reported. A case with undesirably stretched coil in which another rescue method was used, is presented. When the stretched coil is still located in the coil delivery microcatheter, the stretched coil can be removed safely using a snare and a handmade monorail microcatheter. After a snare is lodged in the handmade monorail microcatheter, the snare is introduced over the coil delivery micorcatheter and located in the distal part of the stretched coil. After then, the handmade monorail microcatheter captures the stretched coil and the snare as one unit. This technique using a handmade monorail microcatheter and a snare can be a good rescue modality for the undesirably stretched coil, still remained within the coil delivery microcatheter.

Development of a compact HTS lead unit for the SC correction coils of the SuperKEKB final focusing magnet system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zong, Zhanguo, E-mail: zhanguo.zong@kek.jp; Ohuchi, Norihito; Tsuchiya, Kiyosumi; Arimoto, Yasushi

2016-09-11

Forty-three superconducting (SC) correction coils with maximum currents of about 60 A are installed in the SuperKEKB final focusing magnet system. Current leads to energize the SC correction coils should have an affordable heat load and fit the spatial constraints in the service cryostat where the current leads are installed. To address the requirements, design optimization of individual lead was performed with vapor cooled current lead made of a brass material, and a compact unit was designed to accommodate eight current leads together in order to be installed with one port in the service cryostat. The 2nd generation high temperature SC (HTS) tape was adopted and soldered at the cold end of the brass current lead to form a hybrid HTS lead structure. A prototype of the compact lead unit with HTS tape was constructed and tested with liquid helium (LHe) environment. This paper presents a cryogenic measurement system to simulate the real operation conditions in the service cryostat, and analysis of the experimental results. The measured results showed excellent agreement with the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. In total, 11 sets of the compact HTS lead units were constructed for the 43 SC correction coils at KEK. One set from the mass production was tested in cryogenic conditions, and exhibited the same performance as the prototype. The compact HTS lead unit can feed currents to four SC correction coils simultaneously with the simple requirement of controlling and monitoring helium vapor flow, and has a heat load of about 0.762 L/h in terms of LHe consumption. - Highlights: • The requirements of the SC correction coils on current leads are introduced. • The optimum design of the brass vapor cooled current lead is described. • The compact structure of eight leads with HTS tape is presented. • The theoretical, numerical, and experimental results are compared. • The current lead heat load is evaluated for cryogenic system.

Operator coil monitoring Acceptance Test Procedure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erhart, M.F.

1995-01-01

The readiness of the Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) to provide monitoring and control of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) abort coils from the Master and RSS stations will be systematically tested during performance of this procedure. It should be noted that these are not physical abort coils but software coils controlled by the software's ladder logic. The readiness of the DACS to properly interface with the ENRAF wire level gauge installed in the SY-101 storage tank will also be tested. During this test, a verification of all abort coil indications will be conducted at the DACS Development Facility in the 306E Building by injecting an input signal for each DACS sensor that has an associated abort coil until the abort coil actuates, and then ensuring that the status of the abort coil indicated at the Master and RSS stations is correct. Each abort coil will also be tested to ensure that the ''ENABLE'' and ''DISABLE'' controls from the Master and RSS stations function correctly, and only with the use of proper passwords

Evidence-based pathology: umbilical cord coiling.

Science.gov (United States)

Khong, T Y

2010-12-01

The generation of a pathology test result must be based on criteria that are proven to be acceptably reproducible and clinically relevant to be evidence-based. This review de-constructs the umbilical cord coiling index to illustrate how it can stray from being evidence-based. Publications related to umbilical cord coiling were retrieved and analysed with regard to how the umbilical coiling index was calculated, abnormal coiling was defined and reference ranges were constructed. Errors and other influences that can occur with the measurement of the length of the umbilical cord or of the number of coils can compromise the generation of the coiling index. Definitions of abnormal coiling are not consistent in the literature. Reference ranges defining hypocoiling or hypercoiling have not taken those potential errors or the possible effect of gestational age into account. Even the way numerical test results in anatomical pathology are generated, as illustrated by the umbilical coiling index, warrants a critical analysis into its evidence base to ensure that they are reproducible or free from errors.

The significant impact of framing coils on long-term outcomes in endovascular coiling for intracranial aneurysms: how to select an appropriate framing coil.

Science.gov (United States)

Ishida, Wataru; Sato, Masayuki; Amano, Tatsuo; Matsumaru, Yuji

2016-09-01

OBJECTIVE The importance of a framing coil (FC)-the first coil inserted into an aneurysm during endovascular coiling, also called a lead coil or a first coil-is recognized, but its impact on long-term outcomes, including recanalization and retreatment, is not well established. The purposes of this study were to test the hypothesis that the FC is a significant factor for aneurysmal recurrence and to provide some insights on appropriate FC selection. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed endovascular coiling for 280 unruptured intracranial aneurysms and gathered data on age, sex, aneurysm location, aneurysm morphology, maximal size, neck width, adjunctive techniques, recanalization, retreatment, follow-up periods, total volume packing density (VPD), volume packing density of the FC, and framing coil percentage (FCP; the percentage of FC volume in total coil volume) to clarify the associated factors for aneurysmal recurrence. RESULTS Of 236 aneurysms included in this study, 33 (14.0%) had recanalization, and 18 (7.6%) needed retreatment during a mean follow-up period of 37.7 ± 16.1 months. In multivariate analysis, aneurysm size (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, p < 0.001), FCP < 32% (OR 3.54, p = 0.009), and VPD < 25% (OR 2.96, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with recanalization, while aneurysm size (OR 1.25, p < 0.001) and FCP < 32% (OR 6.91, p = 0.017) were significant predictors of retreatment. VPD as a continuous value or VPD with any cutoff value could not predict retreatment with statistical significance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS FCP, which is equal to the FC volume as a percentage of the total coil volume and is unaffected by the morphology of the aneurysm or the measurement error in aneurysm length, width, or height, is a novel predictor of recanalization and retreatment and is more significantly predictive of retreatment than VPD. To select FCs large enough to meet the condition of FCP ≥ 32% is a potential relevant factor for better

The JET divertor coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Last, J.R.; Froger, C.; Sborchia, C.

1989-01-01

The divertor coil is mounted inside the Jet vacuum vessel and is able to carry 1 MA turns. It is of conventional construction - water cooled copper, epoxy glass insulation -and is contained in a thin stainless steel case. The coil has to be assembled, insulated and encased inside the Jet vacuum vessel. A description of the coil is given, together with technical information (including mechanical effects on the vacuum vessel), an outline of the manufacture process and a time schedule. (author)

Superconducting cyclotron magnet coil short

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mallory, M.L.; Blosser, H.G.; Clark, D.J.; Launer, H.; Lawton, D.; Miller, P.; Resmini, F.

1982-01-01

In February 1981, a short circuit appeared in the superconducting coil of the K500 cyclotron. The short is resistive in character and therefore has no effect on steady state operation of the magnet. The resistance of the short varies, sometimes being below threshold of detection as a heat load on the cooling system and sometimes being significant. The resistance under certain conditions shows approximately cyclic phenomena with time constants in the range of seconds and other approximately cyclic phenomena which correlate with gross operating parameters of the magnet (shifting current from one coil to another at high field and lowering and raising the liquid helium level). A number of diagnostic studies of the short have been made, using 1) an array of flux sensing loops to sense the magnetic effect of the short, 2) voltage comparisons between upper and lower sections of the coil, 3) comparisons of forces in the nine member coil support system and 4) the effect of the short on the thermal charactersitics of the coil. Insulation failure or a metal chip shorting out turns have been explored in some detail but a convincing determination of the exact cause of the short may never be available, (even the extreme step of unwinding the coil having a significant probability that an imperfection with the observed characteristics would pass unnoticed). Analysis of the characteristics of the short indicated that the most serious consequence would be failure of the coils mechanical support system in the event that the magnet was quickly discharged, as in a dump or quench. To deal with this hazard, the support system has been modified by installing solid supports which prevent the coil from moving by an amount sufficient to damage the support system. We have also reexamined the data and calculations used in the original coil design and have made some additional measurements of the properties of the materials (yield strength, friction coefficient, Young's modulus) used in the

Pulse coil concepts for the LCP Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, B.E.; Burn, P.B.

1977-01-01

The pulse coils described in this paper are resistive copper magnets driven by time-varying currents. They are included in the Large Coil Test Facility (LCTF) portion of the Large Coil Program (LCP) to simulate the pulsed field environment of the toroidal coils in a tokamak reactor. Since TNS (a 150 sec, 5MA, igniting tokamak) and the Oak Ridge EPR (Experimental Power Reactor) are representative of the first tokamaks to require the technology developed in LCP, the reference designs for these machines, especially TNS, are used to derive the magnetic criteria for the pulse coils. This criteria includes the magnitude, distribution, and rate of change of pulsed fields in the toroidal coil windings. Three pulse coil concepts are evaluated on the basis of magnetic criteria and factors such as versatility of design, ease of fabrication and cost of operation. The three concepts include (1) a pair of poloidal coils outside the LCTF torus, (2) a single poloidal coil threaded through the torus, and (3) a pair of vertical axis coil windings inside the bore of one or more of the toroidal test coils

LHC bending magnet coil

CERN Multimedia

A short test version of coil of wire used for the LHC dipole magnets. The high magnetic fields needed for guiding particles around the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ring are created by passing 12’500 amps of current through coils of superconducting wiring. At very low temperatures, superconductors have no electrical resistance and therefore no power loss. The LHC is the largest superconducting installation ever built. The magnetic field must also be extremely uniform. This means the current flowing in the coils has to be very precisely controlled. Indeed, nowhere before has such precision been achieved at such high currents. Magnet coils are made of copper-clad niobium–titanium cables — each wire in the cable consists of 9’000 niobium–titanium filaments ten times finer than a hair.

Borehole induction coil transmitter

Science.gov (United States)

Holladay, Gale; Wilt, Michael J.

2002-01-01

A borehole induction coil transmitter which is a part of a cross-borehole electromagnetic field system that is used for underground imaging applications. The transmitter consists of four major parts: 1) a wound ferrite or mu-metal core, 2) an array of tuning capacitors, 3) a current driver circuit board, and 4) a flux monitor. The core is wound with several hundred turns of wire and connected in series with the capacitor array, to produce a tuned coil. This tuned coil uses internal circuitry to generate sinusoidal signals that are transmitted through the earth to a receiver coil in another borehole. The transmitter can operate at frequencies from 1-200 kHz and supplies sufficient power to permit the field system to operate in boreholes separated by up to 400 meters.

A history of detachable coils: 1987-2012.

Science.gov (United States)

Hui, Ferdinand K; Fiorella, David; Masaryk, Thomas J; Rasmussen, Peter A; Dion, Jacques E

2014-03-01

The development of detachable coils is one of the most pivotal developments in neurointervention, providing a tool that could be used to treat a wide variety of hemorrhagic stroke. From the original Guglielmi detachable coil, a number of different coil designs and delivery designs have evolved. This article reviews the history of commercially available detachable coils. A timeline of detachable coils was constructed and coil design philosophies were reviewed. A complete list of commercially available coils is presented in a timeline format. Detachable coil technology continues to evolve. Advances in construction and design have yielded products which may benefit patients in terms of safety, radiation dose reduction and cost of treatment. Continued evolution is expected, irrespective of competing disruptive technologies.

Superconducting poloidal coils for STARFIRE commercial reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.T.; Evans, K. Jr.; Turner, L.R.; Huang, Y.C.; Prater, R.; Alcorn, J.

1979-01-01

STARFIRE is considered to be the tenth commercial tokamak power plant. A preliminary design study on its superconducting poloidal coil system is presented. Key features of the design studies are: the elimination of the ohmic heating coil; the trade-off studies of the equilibrium field coil locations; and the development of a conceptual design for the superconducting equilibrium field coils. Described are the 100 kA cryostable conductor design, the coil structure, and evaluation of the coil forces

Perspectivas del potencial energético de la biomasa en el marco global y latinoamericano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Rodrigo Quintero González

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El calentamiento global y los cambios climáticos que éste conlleva han fomentado desde hace algunos años la exploración de otros tipos de obtención energética para disminuir el uso del combustible fósil, siendo éste último uno de los principales causantes de dicho problema ambiental. El presente artículo expone algunas investigaciones recientes sobre la bioenergía u obtención de energía a partir de biomasa, considerada como energía limpia. Se abarcan temáticas como la bioenergía y sus posibilidades desde el punto de vista energético, teniendo en cuenta las expectativas de producción según su potencial o productividad energética, además del aporte que este tipo de tecnología hace a la disminución de la huella ecológica.

Estimación del potencial de energías renovables en el estado de Sonora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Luis Taddei Bringas

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La etapa de uso de combustibles fósiles está llegando a su fin, debido principalmente a la escasez y problemas de contaminación que originan. En la actualidad existe una marcada tendencia en aprovechar las fuentes renovables de energía, por su bajo impacto ambiental y menor emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI, lo cual contribuye a independizar las políticas energéticas locales de las del mercado global, basadas en la supremacía petrolera. Para obtener el mayor provecho de las energías renovables, es importante determinar el potencial de los distintos recursos energéticos existentes en una región. En este trabajo se presenta una relación del potencial para explotar energías renovables en el estado de Sonora, México, como un paso previo para establecer acciones y políticas que busquen su posible utilización a gran escala.

Strong contributions from vertical triads to helix-partner preferences in parallel coiled coils.

Science.gov (United States)

Steinkruger, Jay D; Bartlett, Gail J; Woolfson, Derek N; Gellman, Samuel H

2012-09-26

Pairing preferences in heterodimeric coiled coils are determined by complementarities among side chains that pack against one another at the helix-helix interface. However, relationships between dimer stability and interfacial residue identity are not fully understood. In the context of the "knobs-into-holes" (KIH) packing pattern, one can identify two classes of interactions between side chains from different helices: "lateral", in which a line connecting the adjacent side chains is perpendicular to the helix axes, and "vertical", in which the connecting line is parallel to the helix axes. We have previously analyzed vertical interactions in antiparallel coiled coils and found that one type of triad constellation (a'-a-a') exerts a strong effect on pairing preferences, while the other type of triad (d'-d-d') has relatively little impact on pairing tendencies. Here, we ask whether vertical interactions (d'-a-d') influence pairing in parallel coiled-coil dimers. Our results indicate that vertical interactions can exert a substantial impact on pairing specificity, and that the influence of the d'-a-d' triad depends on the lateral a' contact within the local KIH motif. Structure-informed bioinformatic analyses of protein sequences reveal trends consistent with the thermodynamic data derived from our experimental model system in suggesting that heterotriads involving Leu and Ile are preferred over homotriads involving Leu and Ile.

Invited review the coiled coil silk of bees, ants, and hornets.

Science.gov (United States)

Sutherland, Tara D; Weisman, Sarah; Walker, Andrew A; Mudie, Stephen T

2012-06-01

In this article, we review current knowledge about the silk produced by the larvae of bees, ants, and hornets [Apoidea and Vespoidea: Hymenoptera]. Different species use the silk either alone or in composites for a variety of purposes including mechanical reinforcement, thermal regulation, or humidification. The characteristic molecular structure of this silk is α-helical proteins assembled into tetrameric coiled coils. Gene sequences from seven species are available, and each species possesses a copy of each of four related silk genes that encode proteins predicted to form coiled coils. The proteins are ordered at multiple length scales within the labial gland of the final larval instar before spinning. The insects control the morphology of the silk during spinning to produce either fibers or sheets. The silk proteins are small and non repetitive and have been produced artificially at high levels by fermentation in E. coli. The artificial silk proteins can be fabricated into materials with structural and mechanical properties similar to those of native silks. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Jenekhe, S

1999-01-01

... the self-assembly of new rod-coil diblock, rod- coil-rod triblock, and coil-rod-coil triblock copolymers from solution and the resulting discrete and periodic mesostmctares with sizes in the 100...

Amplitude correlation analysis of W7-AS Mirnov-coil array data and other transport relevant diagnostics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pokol, G.; Por, G.; Zoletnik, S.; Basse, N.P.

2005-01-01

This work is based on the amplitude correlation analysis of the signals from a poloidal Mirnov-coil array on the Wendelstein 7 - Advanced Stellarator (W7-AS). The motivation behind this work is an earlier finding, that changes in the RMS amplitude of Mirnov-coil signals are correlated with the amplitude of small scale density turbulence measured by CO2 Laser Scattering. Based on this and other measurements, the hypothesis was set, that some of the magnetic fluctuations are caused by transient MHD modes excited by large turbulent structures. The statistical dependencies between the power modulations of different eigenmodes can provide information about the statistics of these structures. Our amplitude correlation method is based on linear continuous time-frequency representations of the signal, we use Short-Time Fourier Transformation (STFT) with Gabor-atoms to map the signal onto the time-frequency plane, as two dimensional power density distributions. From these transforms we can recover the power modulation of different frequency bands. Provided the selection of the resolution of the transforms and the limits of the frequency bands were correct, the time series calculated this way resembles the original power fluctuation of the selected eigenmode. The only distortion introduced is a convolution smoothing by the time-window used in the transformation. Detailed correlation analysis between different bandpowers of the Mirnov-coil array signals were carried out and presented in bad and good confinement states. In order to reveal the true structure and cause of magnetic fluctuations Mirnov-coil diagnostic signals were also compared with Lithium beam and CO2 Laser Scattering measurements. In our analysis we have found, that there was a strong and systematic difference in the cross-correlations of power bands between different confinement states. (author)

GBNV encoded movement protein (NSm) remodels ER network via C-terminal coiled coil domain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, Pratibha; Savithri, H.S., E-mail: bchss@biochem.iisc.ernet.in

2015-08-15

Plant viruses exploit the host machinery for targeting the viral genome–movement protein complex to plasmodesmata (PD). The mechanism by which the non-structural protein m (NSm) of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) is targeted to PD was investigated using Agrobacterium mediated transient expression of NSm and its fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. GFP:NSm formed punctuate structures that colocalized with mCherry:plasmodesmata localized protein 1a (PDLP 1a) confirming that GBNV NSm localizes to PD. Unlike in other movement proteins, the C-terminal coiled coil domain of GBNV NSm was shown to be involved in the localization of NSm to PD, as deletion of this domain resulted in the cytoplasmic localization of NSm. Treatment with Brefeldin A demonstrated the role of ER in targeting GFP NSm to PD. Furthermore, mCherry:NSm co-localized with ER–GFP (endoplasmic reticulum targeting peptide (HDEL peptide fused with GFP). Co-expression of NSm with ER–GFP showed that the ER-network was transformed into vesicles indicating that NSm interacts with ER and remodels it. Mutations in the conserved hydrophobic region of NSm (residues 130–138) did not abolish the formation of vesicles. Additionally, the conserved prolines at positions 140 and 142 were found to be essential for targeting the vesicles to the cell membrane. Further, systematic deletion of amino acid residues from N- and C-terminus demonstrated that N-terminal 203 amino acids are dispensable for the vesicle formation. On the other hand, the C-terminal coiled coil domain when expressed alone could also form vesicles. These results suggest that GBNV NSm remodels the ER network by forming vesicles via its interaction through the C-terminal coiled coil domain. Interestingly, NSm interacts with NP in vitro and coexpression of these two proteins in planta resulted in the relocalization of NP to PD and this relocalization was abolished when the N-terminal unfolded region of NSm was deleted. Thus, the NSm

Large coil program support structure conceptual design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Litherland, P.S.

1977-01-01

The purpose of the Large Coil Program (LCP) is to perform tests on both pool boiling and force cooled superconducting toroidal field coils. The tests will attempt to approximate conditions anticipated in an ignition tokamak. The test requirements resulted in a coil support design which accommodates up to six (6) test coils and is mounted to a structure capable of resisting coil interactions. The steps leading to the present LCP coil support structure design, details on selected structural components, and the basic assembly sequence are discussed

Energía de oleaje en la isla de Tenerife

OpenAIRE

Imaz Gómez, Mario

2016-01-01

El objeto de este proyecto es realizar todos los estudios necesarios para la construcción de la primera fase de un parque de dispositivos de extracción de energía undimotriz que permita obtener información fiable y necesaria sobre el comportamiento de los dispositivos en grupo y poder ver si el rendimiento es el esperado para posteriormente realizar las otras dos fases con el fin de abastecer a la ciudad de Puerto de la Cruz, situada en el norte de la isla de Tenerife. Actualmente las energía...

Coil protection calculator for TFTR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marsala, R.J.; Lawson, J.E.; Persing, R.G.; Senko, T.R.; Woolley, R.D.

1989-01-01

A new coil protection system (CPS) is being developed to replace the existing TFTR magnetic coil fault detector. The existing fault detector sacrifices TFTR operating capability for simplicity. The new CPS, when installed in October of 1988, will permit operation up to the actual coil stress limits parameters in real-time. The computation will be done in a microprocessor based Coil Protection Calculator (CPC) currently under construction at PPL. THe new CPC will allow TFTR to operate with higher plasma currents and will permit the optimization of pulse repetition rates. The CPC will provide real-time estimates of critical coil and bus temperatures and stresses based on real-time redundant measurements of coil currents, coil cooling water inlet temperature, and plasma current. The critical parameter calculations are compared to prespecified limits. If these limits are reached or exceeded, protection action will be initiated to a hard wired control system (HCS), which will shut down the power supplies. The CPC consists of a redundant VME based microprocessor system which will sample all input data and compute all stress quantities every ten milliseconds. Thermal calculations will be approximated every 10ms with an exact solution occurring every second. The CPC features continuous cross-checking of redundant input signal, automatic detection of internal failure modes, monitoring and recording of calculated results, and a quick, functional verification of performance via an internal test system. (author)

Test facility for PLT TF coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hearney, J.; File, J.; Dreskin, S.

1975-01-01

Past experience with the model C stellerator and other toroidal field devices indicates that mechanical and electrical tests of a toroidal field coil prior to maximum field operation of the device is prudent and desirable. This paper describes a test program for the PLT-TF coils. The test stand consists of one test coil, two background coils and a steel supporting structure. The three coil configuration produces a 67.5 kG field at the inner conductor (38 kG at the bore center) and simulates a 1/R field distribution in the bore of the test coil. The resolution of the field force system and resultant stresses within the test structure are discussed. A test procedure is described which maximizes the information obtained from a 100,000 pulse program

Eficiencia energética en el sector residencial de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Baquero Larriva, María Teresa; Quesada Molina, Juan Felipe

2016-01-01

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar en qué medida se puede reducir el consumo de energía en el sector residencial de la ciudad de Cuenca, manteniendo óptimas condiciones de confort. El estudio se centra en la definición de indicadores de eficiencia energética para la vivienda, mediante la determinación de la demanda de energía y la definición de los factores de mayor consumo, usando un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se realizaron encuestas en 280 viviendas del sector ...

Evaluación del potencial energético del oleaje en la costa sur del Golfo de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro González-Carrillo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Hallar nuevas fuentes de energía es uno de los retos que trajo consigo el siglo XXI. En este tr abajo se hace un análisis sobre la energía de las olas, la cual presenta varia s ventajas significativas con r especto a otras fuentes de energ ías basadas en combustibles fós iles e, inclusive, otras fuentes renovables de energía. De entre estas ventajas de stacan el bajo impacto ambiental y su alta densidad energética, respectivamente. La energía de las olas del mar se considera ca da vez en más países como un recurso renovable importante y sob re todo prometedor. El objetivo de este trabajo es la evaluación del po tencial energético de las olas en la costa sur del Golfo de Méx ico; en él se observó el comportamiento del olea je y se obtuvo que la potenci a media anual disponible es de 55.91 W/m. Adicionalmente, se de staca el comportamiento estacional de las olas en la región; pues, en es te punto, la estación más energética es otoño y la menos energé tica es primavera, lo cual difiere de la tendencia mundial, en la que i nvierno y verano son la más y la menos energética, respectivamente.

Implicaciones ambientales de las tecnologías de energía renovable

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Mahirt-Smith

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de energía renovable como la eólica, la solar y la biomasa, hacen un uso del suelo más intenso que las de combustibles fósiles tradicionales y, geográficamente, sus implicaciones ambientales son más heterogéneas, por lo que presentan un gran desafío para las técnicas de evaluación de su ciclo de vida. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación bibliográfica alrededor de los siguientes temas: 1 cambios en el uso del suelo debido a la mayor producción de energía renovable; 2 impactos del uso de suelo; 3 variabilidad geográfica en el inventario de datos; y 4 efectos de la distribución de energía. Además, se revisa el grado de investigación que actualmente se aplica acerca de las tecnologías de energía renovable en campos como el eólico, el solar y la bioenergía y en la evaluación del ciclo de vida en general.

Actividad económica, consumo final de energía y requerimientos de energía primaria en Cataluña, 1990-2005. Análisis mediante el uso de los balances energéticos desde una perspectiva input-output

OpenAIRE

Jordi Roca Jusmet; Vicent Alcántara Escolano; Emilio Padilla Rosa

2007-01-01

Este trabajo analiza la evolución de los consumos finales de energía en Cataluña durante el periodo 1990-2005. En conjunto, los consumos finales de energía crecen por encima del crecimiento del PIB en términos reales. La disponibilidad actual de datos permite una desagregación en cinco actividades: sector primario; sector industrial; sector servicios; transporte; y sector doméstico. Los aumentos relativos más importantes se dan en los sectores servicios, doméstico y transporte. Es esta última...

Radiation signatures from a locally energized flaring loop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Emslie, A.G.; Vlahos, L.; and Institute for Plasma Research, Stanford University)

1980-01-01

We calculate the radiation signatures from a locally energized solar flare loop, at a variety of wavelengths. Our calculations depend strongly on the physical properties of the energy release mechanism which we qualitatively discuss

Coil supporting device for a nuclear fusion device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuno, Kazuo.

1976-01-01

Object: To reduce a thermal stress of a coil such as a magnetic limiter to minimize stress acting on a protective tube of the coil. Structure: A coil within a protective tube has its outer periphery surrounded and supported by a heat-resisting material such as ceramic at more than two positions suitably spaced lengthwise of a coil conductor, and heat insulating members are interposed between both sides of the coil and the protective tube so that it may be retained with respect to the width of the coil. Further, a heat-resisting resilient member is inserted in a clearance between an outer circumference and an inner circumference of the coil to allow a radial displacement of the coil. As a result, elongation of the coil due to thermal expansion may be escaped at the aforesaid two supports to reduce thermal stress of the coil and protective tube to support the coil within the protective tube in positively heat-resisting and insulating manner. (Kamimura, M.)

Eccentric Coil Test Facility (ECTF)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burn, P.B.; Walstrom, P.L.; Anderson, W.C.; Marguerat, E.F.

1975-01-01

The conceptual design of a facility for testing superconducting coils under some conditions peculiar to tokamak systems is given. A primary element of the proposed facility is a large 25 MJ background solenoid. Discussions of the mechanical structure, the stress distribution and the thermal stability for this coil are included. The systems for controlling the facility and diagnosing test coil behavior are also described

Variaciones de voltaje: Mala calidad de la energía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norberto Rodríguez Barallobre

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Este es el primero de una serie de artículos encaminados a tratar la creciente problemática de la calidadde la energía en las instalaciones industriales debida al incremento del uso de la electrónica y suscomponentes contaminantes de la energía eléctrica entendida como el producto de la onda de corriente yla de voltaje. Además, se ofrece un procedimiento para estimar el costo de las pérdidas técnicas ytecnológicas por concepto de una mala calidad de la energía así como, algunas recomendaciones paramitigar estas pérdidas millonarias en el sector industrial.  This is a first of a series of papers toward to treat the power quality growing problematical in industrialinstallations networks, due to increasing use of electronic and its polluting components, learned as aproduct of the current and voltage wave, Also is offered a procedure to estimate the technical andtechnological losses cost due to the low quality energy, some recommendations to mitigate this millonairelosses in the industrial sector

Superconducting coil protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woods, E.L.

1975-01-01

The protection system is based on a two-phase construction program. Phase I is the development of a reliable hardwired relay control system with a digital loop utilizing firmware and a microprocessor controller. Phase II is an expansion of the digital loop to include many heretofore unmonitored coil variables. These new monitored variables will be utilized to establish early quench detection and to formulate confirmation techniques of the quench detection mechanism. Established quench detection methods are discussed and a new approach to quench detection is presented. The new circuit is insensitive to external pulsed magnetic fields and the associated induced voltages. Reliability aspects of the coil protection system are discussed with respect to shutdowns of superconducting coil systems. Redundance and digital system methods are presented as related topics

El desarrollo de las energías renovables y el paisaje: algunas bases para la implementación de la Convención Europea del Paisaje en la Política energética española

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Frolova

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Desde el inicio del proceso de reforma de la política energética de la Unión Europea, los paisajes emergentes a partir de generación de electricidad con energías renovables suscitan un interés creciente. España se caracteriza por una implantación muy exitosa de las políticas europeas en materia de energías renovables. Sin embargo, la proliferación de aerogeneradores y placas fotovoltaicas en espacios agrícolas o improductivos conlleva la destrucción de numerosos paisajes muy valiosos. Por lo que la nueva sensibilidad hacia los paisajes se está convirtiendo en el mayor obstáculo para el desarrollo de las energías renovables. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar en la relación que se establece entre la implantación de las energías renovables y la evolución de las políticas paisajísticas. Para ello, se analiza el desarrollo que han experimentado las políticas de energías renovables en Europa y en España; se estudian las nuevas formas democráticas de gestión del territorio que plantea la Convención Europea del Paisaje. Por último, se tratan determinados temas de la inclusión del paisaje en las políticas de energías renovables en España, comentando algunos ejemplos en los que se detectan nuevas estrategias en la implantación de proyectos de energías renovables que pueden reducir los impactos sobre el paisaje.

Gradient coil system for nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frese, G.; Siebold, H.

1984-01-01

A gradient coil system for an image-generating, nuclear magnetic resonance tomographic apparatus, particularly a zeugmatographic apparatus. The gradient coil system is arranged on a support body of rotational symmetry, illustratively a hollow cylindrical support body, having an axis which extends along the z-direction of an x, y, z coordinate system which has an origin in the center of imaging region. The gradient coil system contains two pairs of toroidal individual coils which are arranged symmetrically with respect to an x-y plane which extends through the center of the imaging region and which are arranged perpendicular to the z-axis. The direction of current flow in the individual coils of a coil pair is opposite to the direction of flow in the individual coils of the other coil pair. Moreover, further sets of coils are provided for generating field gradient Gx in the x-direction, and Gy in the y-direction. The hollow cylindrical shape of the support body on which the individual coils are arranged permit an imaging region having a substantially spherical volume with a substantially constant field gradient Gz to be achieved. Each of the coils has a predetermined linkage factor which corresponds to the product of the current flowing through the number of coil turns of the coil. Those coils which are arranged further from the plane of symmetry have a substantially larger linkage factor than the coils which are nearer to the plane of symmetry

Importancia de la energía para el crecimiento económico de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flory A. Dieck Assad

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación analiza la productividad agregada de la mano de obra y del capital en México entre los años 1993 y 2013, con el fin de identificar las variables que influyen en su comportamiento, especialmente la energía. Esto se lleva a cabo mediante una función de producción agregada que logra identificar la influencia del acervo utilizado de capital, el trabajo remunerado, los cambios tecnológicos y la energía sobre la productividad agregada real promedio de la mano de obra y el capital y, por ende, del crecimiento potencial del PIB (producto interno bruto. Asimismo, se introduce el tema de precios de la energía, identificando su impacto directo en el uso de energía y el indirecto en la productividad y el crecimiento económico. Este análisis culmina con la definición de las perspectivas de la Reforma energética a la luz de los resultados de esta investigación, vislumbrando los desafíos y retos futuros.

Sub-20 nm Stable Micelles Based on a Mixture of Coiled-Coils: A Platform for Controlled Ligand Presentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ang, JooChuan; Ma, Dan; Jung, Benson T; Keten, Sinan; Xu, Ting

2017-11-13

Ligand-functionalized, multivalent nanoparticles have been extensively studied for biomedical applications from imaging agents to drug delivery vehicles. However, the ligand cluster size is usually heterogeneous and the local valency is ill-defined. Here, we present a mixed micelle platform hierarchically self-assembled from a mixture of two amphiphilic 3-helix and 4-helix peptide-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid hybrid conjugates. We demonstrate that the local multivalent ligand cluster size on the micelle surface can be controlled based on the coiled-coil oligomeric state. The oligomeric states of mixed peptide bundles were found to be in their individual native states. Similarly, mixed micelles indicate the orthogonal self-association of coiled-coil amphiphiles. Using differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence recovery spectroscopy, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we studied the distribution of coiled-coil bundles within the mixed micelles and observed migration of coiled-coils into nanodomains within the sub-20 nm mixed micelle. This report provides important insights into the assembly and formation of nanophase-separated micelles with precise control over the local multivalent state of ligands on the micelle surface.

Discussion of discrete D shape toroidal coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaiho, Katsuyuki; Ohara, Takeshi; Agatsuma, Ko; Onishi, Toshitada

1988-01-01

A novel design for a toroidal coil, called the D shape coil, was reported by J. File. The coil conductors are in pure tension and then subject to no bending moment. This leads to a smaller number of emf supports in a simpler configuration than that with the conventional toroidal coil of circular cross-section. The contours of the D shape are given as solutions of a differential equation. This equation includes the function of the magnetic field distribution in the conductor region which is inversely proportional to the winding radius. It is therefore important to use the exact magnetic field distribution. However the magnetic field distribution becomes complicated when the D shape toroidal coil is comprised of discrete coils and also depends on the D shape configuration. A theory and a computer program for designing the practical pure-tension toroidal coil are developed. Using this computer code, D shape conductors are calculated for various numbers of discrete coils and the results are compared. Electromagnetic forces in the coils are also calculated. It is shown that the hoop stress in the conductors depends only on the total ampere-turns of the coil when the contours of the D shape are similar. (author)

Structural basis for cargo binding and autoinhibition of Bicaudal-D1 by a parallel coiled-coil with homotypic registry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terawaki, Shin-ichi; Yoshikane, Asuka; Higuchi, Yoshiki; Wakamatsu, Kaori

2015-01-01

Bicaudal-D1 (BICD1) is an α-helical coiled-coil protein mediating the attachment of specific cargo to cytoplasmic dynein. It plays an essential role in minus end-directed intracellular transport along microtubules. The third C-terminal coiled-coil region of BICD1 (BICD1 CC3) has an important role in cargo sorting, including intracellular vesicles associating with the small GTPase Rab6 and the nuclear pore complex Ran binding protein 2 (RanBP2), and inhibiting the association with cytoplasmic dynein by binding to the first N-terminal coiled-coil region (CC1). The crystal structure of BICD1 CC3 revealed a parallel homodimeric coiled-coil with asymmetry and complementary knobs-into-holes interactions, differing from Drosophila BicD CC3. Furthermore, our binding study indicated that BICD1 CC3 possesses a binding surface for two distinct cargos, Rab6 and RanBP2, and that the CC1-binding site overlaps with the Rab6-binding site. These findings suggest a molecular basis for cargo recognition and autoinhibition of BICD proteins during dynein-dependent intracellular retrograde transport. - Highlights: • BICD1 CC3 is a parallel homodimeric coiled-coil with axial asymmetry. • The coiled-coil packing of BICD1 CC3 is adapted to the equivalent heptad position. • BICD1 CC3 has distinct binding sites for two classes of cargo, Rab6 and RanBP2. • The CC1-binding site of BICD1 CC3 overlaps with the Rab6-binding site

Structural basis for cargo binding and autoinhibition of Bicaudal-D1 by a parallel coiled-coil with homotypic registry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Terawaki, Shin-ichi, E-mail: terawaki@gunma-u.ac.jp [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 (Japan); SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148 (Japan); Yoshikane, Asuka [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 (Japan); SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148 (Japan); Higuchi, Yoshiki [Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297 (Japan); Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297 (Japan); SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148 (Japan); Wakamatsu, Kaori [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 (Japan); SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148 (Japan)

2015-05-01

Bicaudal-D1 (BICD1) is an α-helical coiled-coil protein mediating the attachment of specific cargo to cytoplasmic dynein. It plays an essential role in minus end-directed intracellular transport along microtubules. The third C-terminal coiled-coil region of BICD1 (BICD1 CC3) has an important role in cargo sorting, including intracellular vesicles associating with the small GTPase Rab6 and the nuclear pore complex Ran binding protein 2 (RanBP2), and inhibiting the association with cytoplasmic dynein by binding to the first N-terminal coiled-coil region (CC1). The crystal structure of BICD1 CC3 revealed a parallel homodimeric coiled-coil with asymmetry and complementary knobs-into-holes interactions, differing from Drosophila BicD CC3. Furthermore, our binding study indicated that BICD1 CC3 possesses a binding surface for two distinct cargos, Rab6 and RanBP2, and that the CC1-binding site overlaps with the Rab6-binding site. These findings suggest a molecular basis for cargo recognition and autoinhibition of BICD proteins during dynein-dependent intracellular retrograde transport. - Highlights: • BICD1 CC3 is a parallel homodimeric coiled-coil with axial asymmetry. • The coiled-coil packing of BICD1 CC3 is adapted to the equivalent heptad position. • BICD1 CC3 has distinct binding sites for two classes of cargo, Rab6 and RanBP2. • The CC1-binding site of BICD1 CC3 overlaps with the Rab6-binding site.

An analysis of 3D solvation structure in biomolecules: application to coiled coil serine and bacteriorhodopsin.

Science.gov (United States)

Hirano, Kenji; Yokogawa, Daisuke; Sato, Hirofumi; Sakaki, Shigeyoshi

2010-06-17

Three-dimensional (3D) solvation structure around coiled coil serine (Coil-Ser) and inner 3D hydration structure in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) were studied using a recently developed method named multicenter molecular Ornstein-Zernike equation (MC-MOZ) theory. In addition, a procedure for analyzing the 3D solvent distribution was proposed. The method enables us to calculate the coordination number of solvent water as well as the strength of hydrogen bonding between the water molecule and the protein. The results for Coil-Ser and bR showed very good agreement with the experimental observations.

Coil supporting device for thermonuclear device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okubo, Minoru; Ando, Toshiro; Ota, Mitsuru; Ishimura, Masabumi.

1979-01-01

Purpose: To lower the bending stress exerted on coils thereby preventing the coils from deformation by branching the outer circumferential support frames of coil support frames disposed at an equal pitch circumferentially to the coils into plurality, and integrally forming them to the inner circumferential support frames. Constitution: Each of the support frames for supporting poloidal coils winding around a vacuum vessel is bisected at the radial midway so that the outer circumferential branches are disposed at an equal pitch and they are formed integrally with the inner circumferential support frames. The inner circumferential support frames are fixed by support posts on a bed and the outer circumferential support frames are mounted to the outer edge of wedge-like support posts. Accordingly, if the coils expand outwardly upon increase in the temperature, the stress exerted on the support frame can be decreased. (Yoshino, Y.)

Energía eólica en Argentina : un análisis económico del derecho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Giralt

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El abastecimiento energético con base en fuentes no renovables es un tema altamente estratégico en las agendas de los Estados. El petróleo se está agotando y probablemente las existencias comprobadas no alcanzarán para abastecer el consumo mundial, provocando una serie de impactos sociopolíticos y económicos a nivel global. Esto ha llevado a los gobiernos a replantear sus matrices energéticas, apostando a las energías renovables como un camino posible para lograr una mayor autonomía energética. La Argentina, con una matriz energética desbalanceada e hidrocarburo-dependiente, se ha visto empujada también a reformular su horizonte energético a partir de fuentes renovables para lograr una mayor independencia del recurso fósil. Los marcos regulatorios utilizados para este cambio son el objeto de análisis de este artículo, el cual también intenta contribuir con algunas recomendaciones para un futuro muy cercano.

Problemas institucionales de las energías renovables en México

OpenAIRE

Samuel Brugger; Ma. Elena Nancy Dávila Moreno; Manuel Francisco Llamas Galván

2011-01-01

Este ensayo trata de explicar los problemas institucionales y jurídicos que han limitado el aprovechamiento de dichas energías alternativas. El trabajo presenta la situación actual de México; después analiza el potencial que tiene el país. De ahí se pasa al estudio de la problemática institucional y jurídica que no ha logrado fomentar la promoción de energías renovables en México.

Problemas institucionales de las energías renovables en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samuel Brugger

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo trata de explicar los problemas institucionales y jurídicos que han limitado el aprovechamiento de dichas energías alternativas. El trabajo presenta la situación actual de México; después analiza el potencial que tiene el país. De ahí se pasa al estudio de la problemática institucional y jurídica que no ha logrado fomentar la promoción de energías renovables en México.

Impact of coil price knowledge by the operator on the cost of aneurysm coiling. A single center study.

Science.gov (United States)

Finitsis, Stephanos; Fahed, Robert; Gaulin, Ian; Roy, Daniel; Weill, Alain

2017-09-15

Endovascular treatment of aneurysms with coils is among the most frequent treatments in interventional neuroradiology, and represents an important expense. Each manufacturer has created several types of coils, with prices varying among brands and coil types. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cost awareness of the exact price of each coil by the operating physician on the total cost of aneurysm coiling. This was a comparative study conducted over 1 year in a single tertiary care center. The reference cohort and the experimental cohort consisted of all aneurysm embolization procedures performed during the first 6 months and the last 6 months, respectively. During the second period, physicians were given an information sheet with the prices of all available coils and were requested to look at the sheet during each procedure with the instruction to try to reduce the total cost of the coils used. Expenses related to the coiling procedures during each period were compared. 77 aneurysms (39 ruptured) in the reference cohort and 73 aneurysms (36 ruptured) in the experimental cohort were treated, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference regarding aneurysm location and mean size. The overall cost of the coiling procedures, the mean number of coils used per procedure, and the median cost of each procedure did not differ significantly between the two cohorts. Awareness of the precise price of coils by operators without any additional measure did not have a scientifically proven impact on the cost of aneurysm embolization. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

En cumplimiento con la orden ejecutiva del presidente Trump sobre la Independencia Energética

Science.gov (United States)

Acciones reglamentarias tomadas por la EPA, incluyendo audiencias públicas, para implementar la Orden Ejecutiva sobre la Independencia Energética y la propuesta derogación del Plan de Energía Limpia.

Herbal Energizers: Speed By Any Other Name.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenkins, Andrew P.

This guide focuses on over-the-counter (OTC) stimulants sold to high school aged athletes and dieters as "herbal energizers," food supplements, and fatigue reducers. While advertising often makes them appear healthful and harmless, all of these stimulants belong in the class "sympathomimetic amines," so called because they…

Magnetic field coil in nuclear fusion device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaguchi, Mitsugi; Takano, Hirohisa.

1975-01-01

Object: To provide an electrical-insulatively stabilized magnetic field coil in nuclear fusion device, restraining an increase in voltage when plasma current is rapidly changed. Structure: A magnetic field coil comprises coils arranged coaxial with respective vacuum vessels, said coils being wound in positive and reverse polarities so as to form a vertical magnetic field within the plasma. The coils of the positive polarity are arranged along the vacuum vessel inside of an axis vertical in section of the annular plasma and are arranged symmetrically up and down of a horizontal axis. On the other hand, the coils of the reverse polarity are arranged along the vacuum vessel outside of a vertical axis and arranged symmetrically up and down of the horizontal axis. These positive and reverse polarity coils are alternately connected in series, and lead portions of the coils are connected to a power source by means of connecting wires. In this case, lead positions of the coils are arranged in one direction, and the connecting wires are disposed in closely contact relation to offset magnetic fields formed by the connecting wires each other. (Kawakami, Y.)

Coil supporting device in nuclear fusion apparatus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoshi, Ryo; Imura, Yasuya.

1974-01-01

Object: To secure intermediate fittings with a coil fixed thereon by an insulating tape to a fixed body by means of fittings, thereby supporting the coil in a narrow space. Structure: A coil is secured to intermediate fittings by means of an insulating tape, after which the intermediate fittings is mounted on a fixed body through fittings to support the coil in a narrow clearance portion between a plasma sealed vessel and a main coil. (Kamimura, M.)

Perspectivas de la situación energética mundial. Las oportunidades para Colombia

OpenAIRE

Arturo Infante Villarreal

2007-01-01

Casi la cuarta parte de la energía que consume Estados Unidos proviene de petróleo importado y sólo el 6% se origina en fuentes renovables, aunque el país produce 20% de la polución ambiental mundial y tiene sólo 4% de la población total. Los biocombustibles son una fuente potencial de energía renovable para Estados Unidos, y el resto del mundo, porque tienen un balance energético y ambiental bastante favorable. Si las condiciones de precios son adecuadas para los productores de las materias ...

Asturias en el sistema energético: del nacionalismo a la globalización

OpenAIRE

Maurín Álvarez, Manuel

2011-01-01

Con una demanda energética regional estancada y al mismo tiempo en que se clausuran las últimas explotaciones mineras, principales proveedoras de materias primas energéticas autóctonas, Asturias se aventura a la construcción de infraestructuras de generación y transporte que permitirían duplicar en los próximos años una producción eléctrica que ya es excedentaria. La región se convierte así en una especie de «vientre de alquiler» energético, especializada en generar, con materias primas impor...

Mejora de la eficiencia energética en una vivienda

OpenAIRE

Díaz Oliva, Marc

2013-01-01

El objetivo de este proyecto es la mejora de la eficiencia energética de la vivienda este objetivo me viene por una estancia en Alemania donde todas las viviendas están concebidas para obtener la máxima eficiencia y por consiguiente ahorro una de las cosas que más me llamo la atención fue la implantación de energías renovables ya que las horas de luz son menores a las obtenidas en España por este motivo quise comprobar cuanto se podía mejorar la eficiencia en mi vivienda y s...

Cómo producen energía las células

OpenAIRE

Carlos Alberto Ordoñez

2014-01-01

El adenosín trifosfato (ATP), es la moneda energética de los seres vivos. Para poder ser sintetizado, los organismos requieren oxidar los sustratos energéticos de la dieta, proteínas, grasas y carbohidratos. Inicialmente estas sustancias tienen vías metabólicas separadas hasta alcanzar en su degradación un metabolito común que es el acetil CoA. A partir de este punto entran al ciclo de Krebs, con producción de CO2 e hidrogeniones, estos últimos se transportan por óxido reducción a la cadena r...

Analysis and experimental study of wireless power transfer with HTS coil and copper coil as the intermediate resonators system

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiufang; Nie, Xinyi; Liang, Yilang; Lu, Falong; Yan, Zhongming; Wang, Yu

2017-01-01

Intermediate resonator (repeater) between transmitter and receiver can significantly increase the distance of wireless power transfer (WPT) and the efficiency of wireless power transfer. The wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances with an high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil and copper coil as intermediate resonators was presented in this paper. The electromagnetic experiment system under different conditions with different repeating coils were simulated by finite element software. The spatial distribution patterns of magnetic induction intensity at different distances were plotted. In this paper, we examined transfer characteristics with HTS repeating coil and copper repeating coil at 77 K and 300 K, respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that HTS and copper repeating coil can effectively enhance the space magnetic induction intensity, which has significant effect on improving the transmission efficiency and lengthening transmission distance. We found that the efficiency and the distance of wireless power transfer system with an HTS coil as repeater is much higher by using of copper coil as repeater.

The SMES model coil. Fabrication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanai, Satoshi; Nakamoto, Kazunari; Takahashi, Nobuji

1998-01-01

A SMES model coil was fabricated as R and D item in the development of component technologies for a 480 MJ/20 MW SMES pilot plant. The coil consists of four double-pancake windings. The coil is the same diameter but half the number of pancakes that will be needed for a SMES pilot plant. The NbTi cable-in-conduit conductor and superconducting joints between the double pancakes are cooled by a forced flow of supercritical helium. Prior to fabrication, various characteristics of the cable-in-conduit were measured by full-sized short samples from actual conductors and by scaled short samples from scaled conductors. The critical current of the scaled short samples was in agreement with that calculated from one strand of the conductor. The impedance between arbitrary dual-oxide coated strands in the full-size conductor was measured to be smaller than that obtained from two Cr-plated strands, which showed a good degree of stability in another coil. It was estimated that oxide-coated conductors would have high stability. Through fabrication of a model coil, it was demonstrated that a large forced-flow coil for a small-scale 100 kWh SMES device could be manufactured. (author)

The SMES model coil. Fabrication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanai, Satoshi; Nakamoto, Kazunari; Takahashi, Nobuji [Toshiba Corp., Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan)] [and others

1998-07-01

A SMES model coil was fabricated as R and D item in the development of component technologies for a 480 MJ/20 MW SMES pilot plant. The coil consists of four double-pancake windings. The coil is the same diameter but half the number of pancakes that will be needed for a SMES pilot plant. The NbTi cable-in-conduit conductor and superconducting joints between the double pancakes are cooled by a forced flow of supercritical helium. Prior to fabrication, various characteristics of the cable-in-conduit were measured by full-sized short samples from actual conductors and by scaled short samples from scaled conductors. The critical current of the scaled short samples was in agreement with that calculated from one strand of the conductor. The impedance between arbitrary dual-oxide coated strands in the full-size conductor was measured to be smaller than that obtained from two Cr-plated strands, which showed a good degree of stability in another coil. It was estimated that oxide-coated conductors would have high stability. Through fabrication of a model coil, it was demonstrated that a large forced-flow coil for a small-scale 100 kWh SMES device could be manufactured. (author)

Remote maintenance of tandem mirror hybrid coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dietz, L.P.

1983-01-01

Hybrid Coils (superconducting coils with normal conducting inserts) are being employed with increasing frequency on Tandem Mirror Devices to obtain high field strengths. The normal conducting copper inserts are short lived in comparison to their encircling superconductors. It becomes desirable, therefore, to devise design features and maintenance procedures to replace the inner normal conducting coils without simultaneously replacing the longer lived (and significantly more costly) superconducting coils. The high neutron wall loadings require that the task be accomplished by remote control. The approach is to permanently mount the coil assemblies on track mounted carriages which serve, during machine operation merely as structural supports, but during maintenance procedures as moveable transport devices. The carriages incorporate all necessary provisions to facilitate remote maintenance operations and to adjust and align the coil assemblies with respect to adjacent machine components. The vacuum vessel is severed on both sides of the hybrid coil by means of a remote cutting machine. The entire coil is transported horizontally, normal to the machine axis to a nearby repair station. Prepositioned carriage mounted repair equipment at the repair station withdraws the damaged normal coil as a single entity and inserts a preassembled spare unit. The repaired hybrid coil is reassembled to the reactor. A cost and risk effective procedure has been evolved to maintain one of the more critical components of a Tandem Mirror Machine

BI-ground microstrip array coil vs. conventional microstrip array coil for mouse imaging at 7 tesla

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández, Ricardo; Terrones, M. A. López; Jakob, P. M.

2012-10-01

At high field strengths, the need for more efficient high frequency coils has grown. Since the radiation losses and the interaction between coil and sample increase proportionally to field strength, the quality factor (Q) and the sensitivity of the coil decrease as consequence of these negative effects. Since Zhang et al proposed in 2001 a new surface coil based on the microstrip transmission line for high frequency, different Tx-Rx phased arrays based on this concept have been already introduced in animal and whole body systems at high field strengths, each of them with different modifications in order to get better field homogeneity, SNR or isolation between coil elements in the array. All these arrays for animals systems have been built for rat imaging. One of these modifications is called BI-Ground Microstrip Array Coil (BIGMAC). The implementation of a smaller two-channel BIGMAC design for mouse imaging is studied and its performance compared to a two-channel conventional Microstrip array at 7 Tesla, the higher isolation by using BIGMAC elements in comparison with conventional Microstrip elements is shown in this work.

Coil supporting device in a nuclear fusion device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takano, Hirohisa; Sasaki, Katsutoki.

1976-01-01

Object: To slide a vacuum vessel in the nuclear fusion device and a coil within the vacuum vessel and to mount the coil within the vacuum vessel in a manner that it may not be moved by an electromagnetic force, thereby preventing stress from being produced in the coil. Structure: A coil supporting plate mounted at upper and lower parts prevents damage to an insulation of the coil, said coil being held in a U-shaped groove, and can be moved integral with the coil by the action of a roller bearing with a plurality of needle-like rollers arranged in parallel. The coil supporting plate has a plurality of projections disposed on the lower surface thereof, and flat springs are placed in the projections one over another so that the spring action exerted in the lower plate causes the coil to be resiliently bias in a direction of an electromagnetic force applied thereto and to support the coil. (Yoshino, Y.)

Status of the Swiss LCT-coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zichy, J; Benz, H.; Horvath, I.; Jakob, B.; Marinucci, C.; Vecsey, G.; Weymuth, P.; Zellweger, J.

1983-01-01

The Swiss coil is a forced flow coil cooled by supercritical helium. A brief review of the design considerations, some of its specific features, and the progress in fabrication are described. A discussion of both the instrumentation and the cryogenic characteristics of the coil is presented

Hybrid equilibrium field coils for the ORNL TNS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Y.K.M.; Strickler, D.J; Dory, R.A.

1977-01-01

In this study, we make a comparative study of the power supplies required by interior and exterior [to the toroidal field (TF) coils] equilibrium field coils that are separately appropriate for high-β, D-shaped plasmas in TNS. It is shown that the interior coils need power supplies that are an order of magnitude below those required by the exterior coils (while the latter case is much less difficult to build than the former). A hybrid EF coil concept is proposed that combines the interior and the exterior coils to retain their advantages in avoiding large interior coils while lowering the power supplied to the exterior coils by an order of magnitude

Effect of Inductive Coil Shape on Sensing Performance of Linear Displacement Sensor Using Thin Inductive Coil and Pattern Guide

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hiroyuki Wakiwaka

2011-11-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the effect of inductive coil shape on the sensing performance of a linear displacement sensor. The linear displacement sensor consists of a thin type inductive coil with a thin pattern guide, thus being suitable for tiny space applications. The position can be detected by measuring the inductance of the inductive coil. At each position due to the change in inductive coil area facing the pattern guide the value of inductance is different. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study various inductive coil pattern shapes and to propose the pattern that can achieve good sensing performance. Various shapes of meander, triangular type meander, square and circle shape with different turn number of inductive coils are examined in this study. The inductance is measured with the sensor sensitivity and linearity as a performance evaluation parameter of the sensor. In conclusion, each inductive coil shape has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, the circle shape inductive coil produces high sensitivity with a low linearity response. Meanwhile, the square shape inductive coil has a medium sensitivity with higher linearity.

Estudio de la energía y el medio ambiente: una propuesta didáctica computarizada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edwin Francisco Bonza Camargo

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar un material educativo computarizado, MEC, para la enseñanza de la energía; contribuyendo de esta manera a solucionar una de las grandes falencias del sistema educativo colombiano: la falta de material didáctico en las aulas de las escuelas y colegios. Además, con la aplicación de este material se aporta a la creación de conciencia en la población escolar hacia un uso más racional de la energía en pro del medio ambiente. El software se diseñó con base en el manejo de lecturas, imágenes, sonidos, videos y animaciones que permiten al estudiante aprender y conceptuar con mayor facilidad sobre un tema tan importante como lo es el de los recursos energéticos renovables y no renovables, abarcando temas tan importantes como la energía solar térmica, que es una posible solución a la crisis energética que se avecina. También, resalta la importancia que tiene la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de energía que no degraden el medio ambiente.

Fabrication of the KSTAR toroidal field coil structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, C.H.; Sa, J.W.; Park, H.K.; Hong, K.H.; Shin, H.; Kim, H.T.; Bak, J.S.; Lee, G.S.; Kwak, J.H.; Moon, H.G.; Yoon, H.H.; Lee, J.W.; Lee, S.K.; Song, J.Y.; Nam, K.M.; Byun, S.E.; Kim, H.C.; Ha, E.T.; Ahn, H.J.; Kim, D.S.; Lee, J.S.; Park, K.H.; Hong, C.D.

2005-01-01

The KSTAR toroidal field (TF) coil structure is under fabrication upon completion of engineering design and prototype construction. The prototype TF coil structure has been fabricated within allowable tolerances. Encasing of the prototype TF coil (TF00) in the prototype structure has been carried out through major processes involving a coil encasing, an enclosing weld, a vacuum pressure impregnation, and an outer surface machining. During the enclosing weld of the TF00 coil structure, we have measured temperatures and stresses on the coil surface. Assembly test had been performed with the TF00 coil structure. We have chosen Type 316LN as material of the TF coil structure. We used the narrow-gap TIG welding method. Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Company (DHI) will complete the fabrication of the TF coil structure in Feb. 2006. (author)

Golgi coiled-coil proteins contain multiple binding sites for Rab family G proteins

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sinka, Rita; Gillingham, Alison K.; Kondylis, Vangelis; Munro, Sean

2008-01-01

Vesicles and other carriers destined for the Golgi apparatus must be guided to the correct cisternae. Golgins, long coiled-coil proteins that localize to particular Golgi subdomains via their C termini, are candidate regulators of vesicle sorting. In this study, we report that the GRIP domain

Gas exchange and leaf contents in bell pepper under energized water and biofertilizer doses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisca R. M. Borges

2016-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energized water and bovine biofertilizer doses on the gas exchange and NPK contents in leaves of yellow bell pepper plants. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Federal University of Ceará, in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, from June to November 2011. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme; the plots were composed of treatments with energized and non-energized water and the subplots of five doses of liquid biofertilizer (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mL plant-1 week-1. The following variables were analyzed: transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and leaf contents of nitrogen (N, phosphorus (P and potassium (K. Water energization did not allow significant increases in the analyzed variables. The use of biofertilizer as the only source of fertilization was sufficient to provide the nutrients N, P and K at appropriate levels for the bell pepper crop.

Redes de energía en la Argentina del siglo XXI. Proyectos locales innovadores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvina Carrizo

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En Argentina se construyeron de forma pionera, extensas redes de electricidad, gas y combustibles. El 98% de los hogares están conectados a la red eléctrica y el 51% de la población tiene acceso al gas natural por red (INDEC 2012. A pesar de la cobertura energética amplia, aún persisten en el país algunas regiones -como el Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires NOBAdonde las redes no llegan o tienen menor densidad. La región NOBA, situada entre las ciudades de Rosario y Buenos Aires, que cuentan con infraestructura considerable para su aprovisionamiento, presenta redes eléctricas y gasíferas poco densas -especialmente hacia el interior- y escaso desarrollo de fuentes de energías alternativas. En materia de gas, faltan gasoductos troncales o regionales. En el sistema eléctrico, hay poca capacidad de generación y se necesita mayor interconexión. Desde distintos niveles se han promovido alternativas en materia de producción, transporte y distribución de energía, pero los avances aún no alcanzan para asegurar la resiliencia energética enla región NOBA. En un contexto de esta índole, actores locales se han organizado para satisfacer sus necesidades energéticas con proyectos nuevos de transporte de gas y de aprovechamiento de recursos locales renovables, con un potencial que aún no ha sido puesto en valor. Abordando proyectos energéticos locales y regionales, este trabajo propone reflexionar acerca de la nueva geografía que podría delinearse en la producción y circulación de la energía, más flexible, fiable y sustentable, fomentando la innovación y la productividad, así como la equidad regional.

Startup of Large Coil Test Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haubenreich, P.N.; Bohanan, R.E.; Fietz, W.A.; Luton, J.N.; May, J.R.

1985-01-01

The Large Coil Test Facility (LCTF) is being used to test superconducting toroidal field coils about one-third the size of those for INTOR. Eventually, six different coils from four countries will be tested. Operations began in 1983 with acceptance testing of the helium refrigerator/liquefier system. Comprehensive shakedown of the facility and tests with the first three coils (from Japan, the United States, and Switzerland) were successfully accomplished in the summer of 1984. Currents up to 10,200 A and fields up to 6.4 T were reached. Data were obtained on performance of refrigerator, helium distribution, power supplies, controls, and data acquisition systems and on the acoustic emission, voltages, currents, and mechanical strains during charging and discharging the coils

Startup of Large Coil Test Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haubenreich, P.N.; Bohanan, R.E.; Fietz, W.A.; Luton, J.N.; May, J.R.

1984-01-01

The Large Coil Test Facility (LCTF) is being used to test superconducting toroidal field coils about one-third the size of those for INTOR. Eventually, six different coils from four countries will be tested. Operations began in 1983 with acceptance testing of the helium refrigerator/liquefier system. Comprehensive shakedown of the facility and tests with the first three coils (from Japan, the United States, and Switzerland) were successfully accomplished in the summer of 1984. Currents up to 10,200 A and fields up to 6.4 T were reached. Data were obtained on performance of refrigerator, helium distribution, power supplies, controls, and data acquisition systems and on the acoustic emission, voltages, currents, and mechanical strains during charging and discharging the coils

Coil spring venting arrangement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCugh, R.M.

1975-01-01

A simple venting device for trapped gas pockets in hydraulic systems is inserted through a small access passages, operated remotely, and removed completely. The device comprises a small diameter, closely wound coil spring which is pushed through a guide temporarily inserted in the access passage. The guide has a central passageway which directs the coil spring radially upward into the pocket, so that, with the guide properly positioned for depth and properly oriented, the coil spring can be pushed up into the top of the pocket to vent it. By positioning a seal around the free end of the guide, the spring and guide are removed and the passage is sealed

Power loss problems in EXTRAP coil systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehnert, B.

1977-02-01

The Ohmic power loss in the coils of external ring traps is minimized with respect to the thermonuclear power production. In the case of the DT-reaction this leads to dimensions and power densities being relevant to full-scale reactors. Not only superconducting or refrigerated coil windings can thus be used, but also hot-coil systems which are operated at several hundred degrees centrigrade and form part of a steam cycle and power extraction system. For hot coils the problems of void formation and tritium regeneration have to be further examined. The high beta value leads to moderately large coil stresses. Finally, replacement and repair become simplified by the present coil geometry. (Auth.)

Performance of the Conduction-Cooled LDX Levitation Coil

Science.gov (United States)

Michael, P. C.; Schultz, J. H.; Smith, B. A.; Titus, P. H.; Radovinsky, A.; Zhukovsky, A.; Hwang, K. P.; Naumovich, G. J.; Camille, R. J.

2004-06-01

The Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX) was developed to study plasma confinement in a dipole magnetic field. Plasma is confined in the magnetic field of a 680-kg Nb3Sn Floating Coil (F-coil) that is electromagnetically supported at the center of a 5-m diameter by 3-m tall vacuum chamber. The Levitation Coil (L-coil) is a 2800-turn, double pancake winding that supports the weight of the F-coil and controls its vertical position within the vacuum chamber. The use of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) Bi-2223 for the L-coil minimizes the electrical and cooling power needed for levitation. The L-coil winding pack and support plate are suspended within the L-coil cryostat and cooled by conduction to a single-stage cryocooler rated for 25-W heat load at approximately 20 K. The coil current leads consist of conduction-cooled copper running from room temperature to 80 K and a pair of commercially-available, 150-A HTS leads. An automatically filled liquid-nitrogen reservoir provides cooling for the coil's radiation shield and for the leads' 80-K heat stations. This paper discusses the L-coil system design and its observed cryogenic performance.

Active internal corrector coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thompson, P.A.; Cottingham, J.; Dahl, P.

1986-01-01

Trim or corrector coils to correct main magnet field errors and provide higher multipole fields for beam optics purposes are a standard feature of superconducting magnet accelerator systems. This paper describes some of the design and construction features of powered internal trim coils and a sampling of the test results obtained

Estimativa das necessidades energéticas em pacientes com doença renal crônica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Cordeiro Dias Rodrigues

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Estabelecer as necessidades energéticas de pacientes com doença renal crônica é importante para que se possam tratar os distúrbios nutricionais encontrados nessa população. Segundo os guias de condutas voltados ao cuidado nutricional de pacientes com essa doença, a recomendação energética pode variar entre 30 e 40kcal/kg/dia. Contudo, trabalhos que avaliaram os componentes do gasto energético nos pacientes com doença renal crônica sugerem que as necessidades energéticas dessa população podem diferir do valor recomendado acima, a depender da condição clínica (presença de comorbidades, da modalidade de tratamento empregado e do nível de atividade física. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão dos estudos sobre o gasto energético de pacientes com doença renal crônica, com o intuito de abordar as seguintes questões: (1 as atuais recomendações de energia para pacientes com doença renal crônica estão adequadas? (2 qual equação de predição poderia ser empregada para estimar as necessidades energéticas desse grupo de pacientes? Assim, esta revisão busca auxiliar o nutricionista ao estimar as necessidades energéticas de pacientes com doença renal crônica.

Applications of rotary jetting tool with coiled tubing offshore Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guerra, Ricardo; Almeida, Victor; Mendez, Alfredo; Dean, Greg [BJ Services do Brasil Ltda., RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

It is well known that offshore operators are continuously looking for alternatives to reduce rig time, especially when it comes to work over operations due to high costs. The introduction of a Rotary Jetting Tool (RJT) in conjunction with coiled tubing was successfully tested and proved to be a better alternative not only because of its efficiency but also due to a reduction in the time of intervention operations. The RJT was created to remove scales and well obstructions by utilization of stress-cycling jetting. Stress cycling is a jetting mechanism that consists of pressuring and energizing fluid against a material. This mechanism breaks scales or obstructions and vibrates proppants in gravel pack completions. The RJT is composed of turbines that generate spinning and magnets that control the rotation. Most fluids used in the oil industry for remedial operations are compatible with this tool, hence its wide range of applications. This paper will present case histories that vary from hydrate and scale removal, and matrix stimulations including cleaning of gravel pack completions. The usage of this RJT has demonstrated effectiveness as a new alternative to improve well production and reduce rig time when compared to other methods commonly used in the area. (author)

Costo energético de muros y techos utilizados en la zona sur de Tamaulipas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mireya Alicia Rosas Lusett

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo muestra los procedimientos y resultados obtenidos del análisis de la energía trasmitida en techos y muros de las viviendas seleccionadas de la zona sur del estado de Tamaulipas, una de las cinco áreas establecidas dentro del proyecto “Desarrollo y validación de una metodología para estimar los impactos en el ahorro de energía por el uso de sistemas pasivo-constructivos en la edificación para diferentes climas de México”. Este proyecto fue financiado por la Convocatoria S0019-2009-01 del Fondo Sectorial de Sustentabilidad Energética SENER-CONACYT con registro Nº 118665, cuyo objetivo en su tercera etapa de ejecución, consistió en hacer uso de la herramienta Ener-Habitat, la cual fue desarrollada durante la segunda fase del proyecto. Con dicho programa de cálculo se determinaron los gastos de energía, comparativa de cuatro sistemas constructivos para muros y tres sistemas constructivos para losas utilizadas en la zona sur de Tamaulipas. Con la información obtenida y mediante el uso de la metodología desarrollada para estimar los impactos en el ahorro de energía, se evaluó el costo energético de cada uno de los sistemas constructivos. Con los resultados obtenidos se pudo determinar cuál era el muro y techo de menor gasto de energía para la zona de estudio. Adicionalmente se realizó un estudio de la influencia de la absortancia solar de la superficie exterior de los muros, cuyos resultados darán la pauta para diseñar una vivienda que pretende sea adecuada y cómoda al clima cálido húmedo que prevalece en el área.

Coil Optimization for HTS Machines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mijatovic, Nenad; Jensen, Bogi Bech; Abrahamsen, Asger Bech

An optimization approach of HTS coils in HTS synchronous machines (SM) is presented. The optimization is aimed at high power SM suitable for direct driven wind turbines applications. The optimization process was applied to a general radial flux machine with a peak air gap flux density of ~3T...... is suitable for which coil segment is presented. Thus, the performed study gives valuable input for the coil design of HTS machines ensuring optimal usage of HTS tapes....

Electromagnetic-coil (EM-coil) measurement technique to verify presence of metal/absence of oxide attribute

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuller, J.L.; Hockey, R.L.

2001-01-01

This paper summarizes how an Electromagnetic-coil (EM-coil) measurement technique can be used to discriminate between plutonium metal and plutonium oxide inside sealed storage containers. As evidence, measurements on a variety of metals and their oxides are presented. This non-radiation measurement method provides assurance of the 'presence of metal/absence of oxide' attribute in less than a minute. During initial development, researchers at Pacific Northwest Laboratory have demonstrated the ability of this method to discriminate between aluminum and aluminum oxide placed inside an AT-400R storage container (total stainless steel wall thickness of over 2.5 cm). Similar results are expected, since Pu metal is electrically conductive and a Pu oxide behaves as an electrical insulator. At this writing, work is underway to perform the same demonstration using plutonium and plutonium oxide. Similar success has been demonstrated when using ALR-8 storage containers (basically carbon steel drums). Within these container types two scenarios have been explored. 1.) The same configuration made from different metals for demonstrating material property effects. A clear distinction was seen between the slight alloy changes among various forms of aluminum and brass in the same configuration. 2.) The same metal configured differently to demonstrate how mass distribution affects the EM signature. Hundreds of bb's (each about 2 mm in diameter) were placed in different containers to show how a slight change in distribution will affect the EM signature. With a five percent change in bb container diameter, the resulting EM signature changes are clear. This measurement method offers an extremely wide dynamic range resulting from its sensitivity to the wide range in electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability found in most metals and alloys. In fact, electrical conductivity spans the widest spectrum of all the known physical properties. Most insulators such as the oxides cover the

Conceptual Design of Alborz Tokamak Poloidal Coils System

Science.gov (United States)

Mardani, M.; Amrollahi, R.

2013-04-01

The Alborz tokamak is a D-shape cross section tokamak that is under construction in Amirkabir University of Technology. One of the most important parts of tokamak design is the design of the poloidal field system. This part includes the numbers, individual position, currents and number of coil turns of the magnetic field coils. Circular cross section tokamaks have Vertical Field system but since the elongation and triangularity of plasma cross section shaping are important in improving the plasma performance and stability, the poloidal field coils are designed to have a shaped plasma configuration. In this paper the design of vertical field system and the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium of axisymmetric plasma, as given by the Grad-Shafranov equation will be discussed. The poloidal field coils system consists of 12 circular coils located symmetrically about the equator plane, six inner PF coils and six outer PF coils. Six outer poloidal field coils (PF) are located outside of the toroidal field coils (TF), and six inner poloidal field coils are wound on the inner legs and are located outside of a vacuum vessel.

Polymer cancerostatics with a coiled coil motif targeted against murine leukemia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pechar, Michal; Pola, Robert; Janoušková, Olga; Sieglová, Irena; Král, Vlastimil; Fábry, Milan; Tomalová, Barbora; Kovář, Marek

2017-01-01

Roč. 6, 4 (Suppl) (2017), s. 36 ISSN 2325-9604. [International Conference and Exhibition on Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery. 29.05.2017-31.05.2017, Osaka] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA16-17207S Institutional support: RVO:61389013 ; RVO:68378050 ; RVO:61388971 Keywords : coiled coil * polymer cancerostatics * active targeting Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry; EC - Immunology (MBU-M) https://www.scitechnol.com/conference-abstracts/scientific-tracks-abstracts/nanodelivery-2017-proceedings.html

Solutions for Safe Hot Coil Evacuation and Coil Handling in Case of Thick and High Strength Steel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sieberer Stefan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Currently hot rolling plants are entering the market segment for thick gauges and high strength steel grades where the elastic bending property of the strip leads to internal forces in the coil during coiling operation. The strip tends to open. Primetals is investigating several possibilities to facilitate safe coil evacuation and coil handling under spring-back conditions. The contribution includes finite element models of such mechanical solutions. Results of parameter variation and stability limits of case studies are presented in the paper.

Proyecto de vivienda energéticamente sostenible situada en Ontinyent (Valencia). Instalación fotovoltaica.

OpenAIRE

MOLLÁ CALABUIG, SERGIO

2015-01-01

[ES] Se van a diseñar las instalaciones necesarias para que una vivienda unifamiliar sea energéticamente sostenible. La única fuente de energía disponible es la solar Se calcualrán las instalaciones para dos opciones. 1. Vivienda conectada a la red eléctrica general. 2. Vivienda aislada de la red eléctrica. [ES] El objeto de este trabajo es el diseño y comparación, de las instalaciones necesarias para que una vivienda unifamiliar sea energéticamente sostenible, con la única fuen...

Estimación del potencial de energías renovables en el estado de Sonora

OpenAIRE

Jorge Luis Taddei Bringas; María de los Ángeles Navarrete Hinojosa; Pablo Daniel Taddei Arriola; Rafael Cabanillas López.

2016-01-01

La etapa de uso de combustibles fósiles está llegando a su fin, debido principalmente a la escasez y problemas de contaminación que originan. En la actualidad existe una marcada tendencia en aprovechar las fuentes renovables de energía, por su bajo impacto ambiental y menor emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), lo cual contribuye a independizar las políticas energéticas locales de las del mercado global, basadas en la supremacía petrolera. Para obtener el mayor provecho de las energía...

An inflatable surface coil for rectal imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, J.F.; Hajek, P.C.; Baker, L.L.; Gylys-Morin, V.; Mattrey, R.F.

1986-01-01

Surface coils have become ubiquitous in MR imaging of the body because of substantial gains in signal-to-noise ratio. Unfortunately, there are some anatomic regions, such as the prostate, for which surface coils have insufficient depth sensitivity. The authors have developed an inflatable, distributed capacitance, passively decoupled surface coil which is collapsed for insertion and reinflated for imaging. Images of the prostate are dramatically improved due to proximity of the coil. Lesions in cadaver specimens were observed which were not seen with body coil imaging. Clinical trials are expected to begin in September

La vulnerabilidad energética asociada a la movilidad motorizada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Sanz Fernández

2013-04-01

Full Text Available ResumenEl concepto de vulnerabilidad energética describe la situación a la que se pueden enfrentar aquellos niveles de renta cuyo patrón de movilidad deje de ser económicamente viable por el incremento de los costes del petróleo. Teniendo en cuenta que la movilidad laboral es un gasto prioritario para evitar la exclusión social que supone la pérdida del empleo, el aumento de los gastos en esa partida presupuestaria familiar puede derivar en dos situaciones, ambas involuntarias, que serían la necesidad de destinar una mayor cantidad de recursos al transporte (pudiendo entonces aparecer privaciones en otras esferas o la obligación de cambiar los patrones de movilidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar este concepto, ponerlo en relación con dos conceptos directamente vinculados, exclusión social vinculada al transporte y pobreza energética, y aplicar en el área metropolitana de Madrid la metodología desarrollada, detectando los de espacios urbanos energéticamente vulnerables y explicitando las relaciones de este fenómeno con la disciplina.Palabras claveVulnerabilidad energética, exclusión social vinculada al transporte, pobreza energética, pico del petróleo, área metropolitana.AbstractThe concept of energy vulnerability describes the situation that may face those income levels that have a mobility pattern which is no longer economically viable due to rising oil costs. Given that labor mobility is a priority spending to avoid social exclusion caused by job loss, increased expenses in that family budget can result in two situations, both involuntary, that would be the need for a greater amount of resources to transport (in that case, deprivation can then appear in other areas or the obligation to change mobility patterns. The objective of this research is todevelop this concept, put on two concepts directly related, transport related social exclusion and fuel poverty, and applied in the Madrid metropolitan area

Development of Ground Coils with Low Eddy Current Loss by Applying the Compression Molding Method after the Coil Winding

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Masao; Aiba, Masayuki; Takahashi, Noriyuki; Ota, Satoru; Okada, Shigenori

In a magnetically levitated transportation (MAGLEV) system, a huge number of ground coils will be required because they must be laid for the whole line. Therefore, stable performance and reduced cost are essential requirements for the ground coil development. On the other hand, because the magnetic field changes when the superconducting magnet passes by, an eddy current will be generated in the conductor of the ground coil and will result in energy loss. The loss not only increases the magnetic resistance for the train running but also brings an increase in the ground coil temperature. Therefore, the reduction of the eddy current loss is extremely important. This study examined ground coils in which both the eddy current loss and temperature increase were small. Furthermore, quantitative comparison for the eddy current loss of various magnet wire samples was performed by bench test. On the basis of the comparison, a round twisted wire having low eddy current loss was selected as an effective ground coil material. In addition, the ground coils were manufactured on trial. A favorable outlook to improve the size accuracy of the winding coil and uneven thickness of molded resin was obtained without reducing the insulation strength between the coil layers by applying a compression molding after winding.

Argonne National Laboratory superconducting pulsed coil program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.T.; Kim, S.H.

1979-01-01

The main objectives are to develop high current (approx. 100 kA) cryostable cable configurations with reasonably low ac losses, to build a demonstration pulsed coil, and to develop a rather inexpensive large fiberglass reinforced helium cryostat. A 1.5-MJ cryostable pulsed superconducting coil has been developed and constructed at ANL. The coil has a peak field of 4.5 T at an operating current of 11.0 kA. A large inexpensive plastic cryostat has been developed for testing the pulsed coil. The coil has been pulsed with a maximum dB/dt of 11 T/s. The coil was pulsed more than 4000 cycles. Detailed results of the ac loss measurements and the current sharing of the cryostability will be described

Effects of Gradient Coil Noise and Gradient Coil Replacement on the Reproducibility of Resting State Networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Bagarinao, Epifanio; Tsuzuki, Erina; Yoshida, Yukina; Ozawa, Yohei; Kuzuya, Maki; Otani, Takashi; Koyama, Shuji; Isoda, Haruo; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Maesawa, Satoshi; Naganawa, Shinji; Sobue, Gen

2018-01-01

The stability of the MRI scanner throughout a given study is critical in minimizing hardware-induced variability in the acquired imaging data set. However, MRI scanners do malfunction at times, which could generate image artifacts and would require the replacement of a major component such as its gradient coil. In this article, we examined the effect of low intensity, randomly occurring hardware-related noise due to a faulty gradient coil on brain morphometric measures derived from T1-weighted images and resting state networks (RSNs) constructed from resting state functional MRI. We also introduced a method to detect and minimize the effect of the noise associated with a faulty gradient coil. Finally, we assessed the reproducibility of these morphometric measures and RSNs before and after gradient coil replacement. Our results showed that gradient coil noise, even at relatively low intensities, could introduce a large number of voxels exhibiting spurious significant connectivity changes in several RSNs. However, censoring the affected volumes during the analysis could minimize, if not completely eliminate, these spurious connectivity changes and could lead to reproducible RSNs even after gradient coil replacement.

Critical current studies of a HTS rectangular coil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhong, Z. [Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge (United Kingdom); Chudy, M., E-mail: Michal.chudy@stuba.sk [Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria (South Africa); Institute of Power and Applied Electrical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (Slovakia); Ruiz, H.S. [Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH (United Kingdom); Zhang, X.; Coombs, T. [Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge (United Kingdom)

2017-05-15

Highlights: • Unique square pancake coil was manufactured. • Measurements in relatively high magnetic field were performed. • Different sections of the coil were characterized. • Parts of the coil which are limiting critical current were identified. - Abstract: Nowadays, superconducting high field magnets are used in numerous applications due to their superior properties. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are usually used for production of circular pancake or racetrack coils. However different geometries of HTS coils might be required for some specific applications. In this study, the HTS coil wound on a rectangular frame was fully characterized in homogeneous DC background field. The study contains measurements of critical current angular dependencies. The critical current of the entire coil and two selected strands under different magnitudes and orientations of external magnetic fields are measured. The critical regions of the coil in different angular regimes are determined. This study brings better understanding of the in- field performance of HTS coils wound on frames with right-angles.

Síntesis de nitruro de titanio mediante láser y energía solar concentrada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García, I.

1998-04-01

Full Text Available The possibility of the employment of solar energy concentrated by Fresnel lens is investigated in order to synthesize materials by gas-solid reaction. These first results are compared by two similar techniques as high power laser and xenon are lamp. The TiN coatings obtained with xenon are lamp and Fresnel lens are homogenous, without pores or defects, with a uniform thickness of about 6 μm for treatments of 2 min. The good quality of the TiN coating for all the testing conditions was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction measurements.

Se presenta la utilización de la energía solar concentrada mediante lentes de Fresnel para la síntesis de materiales por reacción gas-sólido. Estos primeros resultados sobre nitruración superficial de titanio y aleaciones de titanio se comparan con los obtenidos con técnicas similares como el láser de alta potencia y la lámpara de descarga de xenón. Las capas de nitruro de titanio obtenidas mediante energía solar concentrada por lentes de Fresnel y lámpara de xenón son homogéneas, sin grietas ni defectos, y con un espesor uniforme de 6 μm en tiempos de sólo 2 min. La buena calidad de estas capas se confirma mediante difracción de rayos X.

Embroidered Coils for Magnetic Resonance Sensors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael I. Newton

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Magnetic resonance imaging is a widely used technique for medical and materials imaging. Even though the objects being imaged are often irregularly shaped, suitable coils permitting the measurement of the radio-frequency signal in these systems are usually made of solid copper. One problem often encountered is how to ensure the coils are both in close proximity and conformal to the object being imaged. Whilst embroidered conductive threads have previously been used as antennae in mobile telecommunications applications, they have not previously been reported for use within magnetic resonance. In this paper we show that an embroidered single loop coil can be used in a commercial unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance system as an alternative to a solid copper. Data is presented showing the determination of both longitudinal (T1 and effective transverse (T2eff relaxation times for a flat fabric coil and the same coil conformed to an 8 cm diameter cylinder. We thereby demonstrate the principles required for the wider use of fabric based conformal coils within nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging.

Open-Coil Retraction Spring

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavankumar Janardan Vibhute

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Sliding mechanic has become a popular method for space closure with developments in preadjusted edgewise appliance. Furthermore, various space closing auxiliaries have been developed and evaluated extensively for their clinical efficiency. Their effectiveness enhanced with optimum force magnitude and low-load deflection rate (LDR/force decay. With the advent of NiTi springs in orthodontics, LDRs have been markedly reduced. For use of NiTi, clinician has to depend upon prefabricated closed coil springs. “Open Coil Retraction Spring (OCRS” is developed utilizing NiTi open-coil spring for orthodontic space closure. This paper describes fabrication and clinical application of OCRS which have number of advantages. It sustains low LDR with optimum force magnitude. Its design is adjustable for desired length and force level. It is fail-safe for both activation and deactivation (i.e., it cannot be over activated, and decompression limit of open coil is also controlled by the operator, resp.. A possibility to offset the OCRS away from mucosa helps to reduce its soft-tissue impingement.

Progress on large superconducting toroidal field coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haubenreich, P.N.; Luton, J.N.; Thompson, P.B.; Beard, D.S.

1979-01-01

Large superconducting toroidal field coils of competing designs are being produced by six major industrial teams. In the US, teams headed by General Dynamics Convair, General Electric, and Westinghouse are under contract to design and fabricate one coil each to specifications established by the Large Coil Program. A facility for testing 6 coils in a toroidal array at fields to 8 to 12 tesla is under construction at Oak Ridge. Through an international agreement, EURATOM, Japan, and Switzerland will produce one coil each for testing with the US coils. Each test coil will have a 2.5 x 3.5 m D-shape winding bore and is designed to operate at a current of 10 to 18 kA at a peak field of 8T while subjected to pulsed fields of 0.14 T applied in 1.0 s. There are significant differences among the six coil designs: five use NbTi, one Nb 3 Sn; three are cooled by pool boiling helium, three by forced flow; five have welded or bolted stainless steel coil cases, one has aluminum plate structure. All are designed to be cryostable at 8T, with structural margin for extended operation. The three US coil teams are almost or completely finished with detailed design and are now procuring materials and setting up manufacturing equipment. The non-US teams are at various stages of verification testing and design. The GDC and GE coils are scheduled for delivery in the spring of 1981 and the others will be completed a year later. The 11-m diameter vessel at the test facility has been completed and major components of the test stand are being procured. Engineering and procurement to upgrade the helium liquifier-refrigerator system are under way

Startup of large coil test facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haubenreich, P.N.; Bohanan, R.E.; Fietz, W.A.; Luton, J.N.; May, J.R.

1984-01-01

The Large Coil Test Facility (LCTF) is being used to test superconducting toroidal field coils about one-third the size of those for INTOR. Data were obtained on performance of refrigerator, helium distribution, power supplies, controls, and data acquisition systems and on the acoustic emission, voltages, currents, and mechanical strains during charging and discharging the coils. (author)

Modelo para la Predicción Energética de una Instalación Hotelera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana V. Acosta

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Este artículo describe la obtención y validación de un modelo de predicción energética para el hotel Meliá Habana de la ciudad Habana en Cuba. El modelo obtenido emplea el método de series de tiempo radiantes para la determinación de la carga térmica de los bloques habitacionales de la instalación. El modelo es implementado en el lenguaje de programación MatLab®. La validación experimental del modelo se realiza con mediciones reales del consumo energético diario del hotel. El valor de uso del modelo obtenido es apreciable para estudios de comportamiento energético y para la implementación de estrategias avanzadas de control. Palabras clave: Modelado, Control de la Energía, Coeficientes de Temperatura, Validación

Optimization of the ECT background coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ballou, J.K.; Luton, J.N.

1975-01-01

This study was begun to optimize the Eccentric Coil Test (ECT) background coil. In the course of this work a general optimization code was obtained, tested, and applied to the ECT problem. So far this code has proven to be very satisfactory. The results obtained with this code and earlier codes have illustrated the parametric behavior of such a coil system and that the optimum for this type system is broad. This study also shows that a background coil with a winding current density of less than 3000 A/cm 2 is not feasible for the ECT models presented in this paper

Monitoring, Analyzing and Assessing Radiation Belt Loss and Energization

Science.gov (United States)

Daglis, I.; Balasis, G.; Bourdarie, S.; Horne, R.; Khotyaintsev, Y.; Mann, I.; Santolik, O.; Turner, D.; Anastasiadis, A.; Georgiou, M.; Giannakis, O.; Papadimitriou, C.; Ropokis, G.; Sandberg, I.; Angelopoulos, V.; Glauert, S.; Grison, B., Kersten T.; Kolmasova, I.; Lazaro, D.; Mella, M.; Ozeke, L.; Usanova, M.

2013-09-01

We present the concept, objectives and expected impact of the MAARBLE (Monitoring, Analyzing and Assessing Radiation Belt Loss and Energization) project, which is being implemented by a consortium of seven institutions (five European, one Canadian and one US) with support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme. The MAARBLE project employs multi-spacecraft monitoring of the geospace environment, complemented by ground-based monitoring, in order to analyze and assess the physical mechanisms leading to radiation belt particle energization and loss. Particular attention is paid to the role of ULF/VLF waves. A database containing properties of the waves is being created and will be made available to the scientific community. Based on the wave database, a statistical model of the wave activity dependent on the level of geomagnetic activity, solar wind forcing, and magnetospheric region will be developed. Multi-spacecraft particle measurements will be incorporated into data assimilation tools, leading to new understanding of the causal relationships between ULF/VLF waves and radiation belt dynamics. Data assimilation techniques have been proven as a valuable tool in the field of radiation belts, able to guide 'the best' estimate of the state of a complex system. The MAARBLE (Monitoring, Analyzing and Assessing Radiation Belt Energization and Loss) collaborative research project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-SPACE-2011-1) under grant agreement no. 284520.

Pump absorption in coiled and twisted double-clad hexagonal fiber: effect of launching conditions and core location

Science.gov (United States)

Dalidet, Romain; Peterka, Pavel; Doya, Valérie; Aubrecht, Jan; Koška, Pavel

2018-02-01

Ever extending applications of fiber lasers require energy efficient, high-power, small footprint and reliable fiber lasers and laser wavelength versatility. To meet these demands, next generation of active fibers for high-power fiber lasers is coming out that will eventually offer tailored spectroscopic properties, high robustness and reduced cooling requirements and improved efficiency through tailored pump absorption. We report on numerical modelling of the efficiency of the pump absorption in double clad active fibers with hexagonal shape of the inner cladding cross section and rare-earth-doped core. We analyze both the effect of different radii of the spool on which the fiber is coiled and different fiber twisting rates. Two different launching conditions were investigated: the Gaussian input pump beam and a speckle pattern that mimics the output of the pump laser diode pigtail. We have found that by asymmetric position of the rare-earth-doped core we can significantly improve the pump absorption.

Inductance and resistance measurement method for vessel detection and coil powering in all-surface inductive heating systems composed of outer squircle coils

Science.gov (United States)

Kilic, Veli Tayfun; Unal, Emre; Demir, Hilmi Volkan

2017-05-01

In this work, we investigate a method proposed for vessel detection and coil powering in an all-surface inductive heating system composed of outer squircle coils. Besides conventional circular coils, coils with different shapes such as outer squircle coils are used for and enable efficient all-surface inductive heating. Validity of the method, which relies on measuring inductance and resistance values of a loaded coil at different frequencies, is experimentally demonstrated for a coil with shape different from conventional circular coil. Simple setup was constructed with a small coil to model an all-surface inductive heating system. Inductance and resistance maps were generated by measuring coil's inductance and resistance values at different frequencies loaded by a plate made of different materials and located at various positions. Results show that in an induction hob for various coil geometries it is possible to detect a vessel's presence, to identify its material type and to specify its position on the hob surface by considering inductance and resistance of the coil measured on at least two different frequencies. The studied method is important in terms of enabling safe, efficient and user flexible heating in an all-surface inductive heating system by automatically detecting the vessel's presence and powering on only the coils that are loaded by the vessel with predetermined current levels.

Stress relaxation in SSC 50mm dipole coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rogers, D.; Markley, F.

1992-04-01

We are measuring the stress relaxation of SSC 50mm outer coils with the goal of predicting how much of the coil prestress will be lost while the coils are warehoused between manufacture and cooldown. We manufacture 3 inch (76.2mm) long segments of coil with the same materials and techniques that have been used for prototype coils. We are running four simultaneous tests in an attempt to separate the contributions of the different coil materials. Test one is a completely insulated coil section where the insulation is the all polyamide system being tested at Brookhaven; test two is a wire stack insulated only with the normal Kapton overwrap; test three is a stack of bare cable; and test four is a completely insulated normal coil section. All, except for the bare cable, include the ground insulation. The insulated coil sections are carefully dried before loading and testing in order to eliminate stress changes due to varying moisture content. The temperature dependence of the stress relaxation is being studied separately. Three companion papers presented at this conference will be: (1) ''Temperature dependence of the viscoelastic properties of SSC coil insulation'' (2) ''Measurement of the elastic modulus of Kapton perpendicular to the plane of the film at room and cryogenic temperatures'' (3) ''Theoretical methods for creep and stress relaxation studies of SSC coil.''

Eccentric figure-eight coils for transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sekino, Masaki; Ohsaki, Hiroyuki; Takiyama, Yoshihiro; Yamamoto, Keita; Matsuzaki, Taiga; Yasumuro, Yoshihiro; Nishikawa, Atsushi; Maruo, Tomoyuki; Hosomi, Koichi; Saitoh, Youichi

2015-01-01

Previously we proposed an eccentric figure-eight coil that can cause threshold stimulation in the brain at lower driving currents. In this study, we performed numerical simulations and magnetic stimulations to healthy subjects for evaluating the advantages of the eccentric coil. The simulations were performed using a simplified spherical brain model and a realistic human brain model. We found that the eccentric coil required a driving current intensity of approximately 18% less than that required by the concentric coil to cause comparable eddy current densities within the brain. The eddy current localization of the eccentric coil was slightly higher than that of the concentric coil. A prototype eccentric coil was designed and fabricated. Instead of winding a wire around a bobbin, we cut eccentric-spiral slits on the insulator cases, and a wire was woven through the slits. The coils were used to deliver magnetic stimulation to healthy subjects; among our results, we found that the current slew rate corresponding to motor threshold values for the concentric and eccentric coils were 86 and 78 A/µs, respectively. The results indicate that the eccentric coil consistently requires a lower driving current to reach the motor threshold than the concentric coil. Future development of compact magnetic stimulators will enable the treatment of some intractable neurological diseases at home. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Liga de magnésio como material para bateria de alta densidade energética

OpenAIRE

Munhoz, Igor Polezi

2014-01-01

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Tomioka Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2014. No contexto energético, as mudanças climáticas e as crescentes crises energéticas aumentaram as preocupações e as pesquisas na área de acumuladores de energia, visando alcançar melhorias no cenário energético e ambiental global. Ao mesmo tempo, a sociedade tornou-se dependente do consumo de energia elétrica, sendo que falhas no fornec...

Testing electrical insulation of LCT coils and instrumentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luton, J.N.; Ulbricht, A.R.; Ellis, J.F.; Shen, S.S.; Wilson, C.T.; Okuno, K.; Siewerdt, L.O.; Zahn, G.R.; Zichy, J.A.

1986-09-01

Three of the superconducting test coils in the Large Coil Task (LCT) use conductors cooled internally by forced flow of helium. In the other three coils, the conductors are cooled externally by a bath of helium. The coils and facility are designed for rapid discharges (dumps) at voltages up to 2.5 kV, depending on coil design. Many coil sensors are connected electrically to the conductors. These sensor leads and signal conditioning equipment also experience high voltage. High-potential tests of ground insulation were performed on all components of the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility (IFSMTF). Coil insulation was also tested by ring-down tests that produced voltage distributions within the coils like those occurring during rapid discharge. Methods were developed to localize problem areas and to eliminate them. The effect on breakdown voltage near the Paschen minimum of magnetic fields up to 2 T was investigated

Split Coil Forms for Rotary Transformers

Science.gov (United States)

Mclyman, C. W. T.

1982-01-01

Split cores for rotor and stator windings of rotary transformer mounted around their respective coils (which are in bobbins) and cemented together. This arrangement simplifies winding of stator coil to go in a slot in inner diameter of stator coil. One practical application of rotary transformers fabricated according to this technique is for centrifuges, in which conventional sliprings are of uncertain reliability.

Design and Fabrication of the KSTAR Poloidal Field Coil Structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, H. K.; Choi, C. H.; Sa, J. W.

2005-01-01

The KSTAR magnet system consists of 16 toroidal field(TF) coils. 4 pairs of central solenoid(CS) coils, and 3 pairs of outer poloidal field(PF) coils. The TF coils are encased in a structure to enhance mechanical stability. The CS coil structure is supported on top of the TF coil structure and supplies a vertical compression of 15 MN to prevent lateral movement due to a repulsive force between the CS coils. The PF coil system is vertically symmetry to the machine mid-plane and consists of 6 coils and 80 support structures(i.e, 16 for PF5, 32 for PF6 and 32 fort PF7). All PF coil structures should absorb the thermal contraction difference between TF coil structure and PF coils due to cool down and endure the vertical and radial magnetic forces due to current charging. In order to satisfy these structural requirements. the PF5 coil structure is designed base on hinges and both of PF6 and PF7 coil structures based on flexible plates. The PF coil structures are assembled on the TF coil structure with an individual basement that is welded on the TF coil structure

Characteristics of parallel reverse coil inductors with different current ratio in coils used for melting in a suspension state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fogel', A.A.; Sidorova, T.A.; Smirnov, V.V.; Mezdrogina, M.M.

1975-01-01

The paper studies the effect of the ratio of the currents in the coils of an inductor with a parallel-switched ''reverse coil'', where the ratio of the current in the upper coil to that in the lower coil is 0.72. A region of stable dependence of liquid niobium characterized by upper and lower limits has been found. The maximum permissible volume of liquid niobium increases as the ratio of current in the upper coil to current in the lower coil decreases. The temperature dependences of niobium on the voltage in the inductor have been derived. Experiments have shown that the greater the capillary constant of niobium, the larger the region of stable dependence of liquid niobium, the larger the range of possible temperature regulation and the larger the maximum permissible volume. (N.K.)

Extrap with iron-cored coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehnert, B.

1985-05-01

In Extrap configurations there is a high average beta value with respect to the plasma confinement volume. The externally imposed magnetic field which is required for stabilization therefore comes out to have a rather moderate strength, even under expected reactor conditions. As a consequence, this field can be generated not only by conventional external conductor arrangements, but also by iron-cored coils being operated below the saturation limit. A proposal for such iron-cored coil systems is presented in this paper. As compared to conventional conductors, this has the advantage of localizing the magnetic energy of the externally imposed magnetic field mainly to the discharge vessel and the plasma volume, thereby increasing the engineering beta value substantially. Also the problems of the coil stresses and of irradiation of the coils appear to become simplified, as well as replacement of the coil system. A main limitation of this proposal is due to combination of iron core saturation with the required stabilization effect from an ion Larmor radius of sufficient relative magnitude. This limitaion requires further investigation, especially in the full-scale reactor case. Also the modifications of the field geometry by iron core shaping needs further analysis. (Author)

Novel transcranial magnetic stimulation coil for mice

Science.gov (United States)

March, Stephen; Stark, Spencer; Crowther, Lawrence; Hadimani, Ravi; Jiles, David

2014-03-01

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shows potential for non-invasive treatment of various neurological disorders. Significant work has been performed on the design of coils used for TMS on human subjects but few reports have been made on the design of coils for use on the brains of animals such as mice. This work is needed as TMS studies utilizing mice can allow rapid preclinical development of TMS for human disorders but the coil designs developed for use on humans are inadequate for optimal stimulation of the much smaller mouse brain. A novel TMS coil has been developed with the goal of inducing strong and focused electric fields for the stimulation of small animals such as mice. Calculations of induced electric fields were performed utilizing an MRI derived inhomogeneous model of an adult male mouse. Mechanical and thermal analysis of this new TMS helmet-coil design have also been performed at anticipated TMS operating conditions to ensure mechanical stability of the new coil and establish expected linear attraction and rotational force values. Calculated temperature increases for typical stimulation periods indicate the helmet-coil system is capable of operating within established medical standards. A prototype of the coil has been fabricated and characterization results are presented.

EU ITER TF coil: Dimensional metrology, a key player in the Double Pancake integration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poncet, L.; Bellesia, B.; Oliva, A. Bonito; Boter Rebollo, E.; Cornelis, M.; Cornella Medrano, J.; Harrison, R.; Bue, A. Lo; Moreno, A.; Foussat, A.; Felipe, A.; Echeandia, A.; Barutti, A.; Caserza, B.; Barbero, P.; Stenca, S.; Da Re, A.; Silva Ribeiro, J.; Brocot, C.; Benaoun, S.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Development and qualification of a dimensional metrology procedure on wound superconductor trajectory based on Laser scanning system. • Dimensional control of the conductor centreline during winding, before and after heat treatment. • Radial Plate groove centreline length controlled using Laser Trackers. • Full scale wound Double Pancake prototype transferred inside Radial Plate prototype without any issues. - Abstract: The ITER Toroidal Field (TF) magnet system consists of 18 “D” shaped coils. Fusion for Energy (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 out the 19 TF coils (18 installed plus one spare coil). Each TF coil, about 300 t in weight, is made of a stainless steel case containing a Winding Pack (WP). The European manufacturing of the Radial Plates (RPs) and WPs has been awarded to two different industrial partners, whose activities are strongly linked with each other. In order to manufacture a Double Pancake (DP), first, the conductor has to be bent onto a D-shaped double spiral trajectory, then heat treated and inserted in the grooves of the RP. This represents the most challenging manufacturing step: in order to fit inside the groove, the double spiral trajectory of the conductor must match almost perfectly the trajectory of the groove, over a length above 700 m. In order to achieve this, the conductor trajectory length must be controlled with an accuracy of 1 mm over a length of 350 m while the radial plate groove has to be machined with tolerances of ±0.2 mm over dimensions of more than 10 m. In order to succeed, it has been essential to develop a metrology process capable to control with high accuracy both the DP conductor and the RP groove trajectories. This paper reports on the work carried out on the development and qualification of the dimensional metrology to monitor the manufacturing of the conductor. Reference is made to the final dimensional check of the RP focusing on the

Chemical oxygen-iodine laser with atomic iodine generated via fluorine atoms

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jirásek, Vít; Čenský, Miroslav; Špalek, Otomar; Kodymová, Jarmila; Picková, Irena; Jakubec, Ivo

2008-01-01

Roč. 345, č. 1 (2008), 14-22 ISSN 0301-0104 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/05/0359 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100523; CEZ:AV0Z40320502 Keywords : atomic iodine * atomic fluorine * chemical oxygen–iodine laser * COIL Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 1.961, year: 2008

Characteristics of bowl-shaped coils for transcranial magnetic stimulation

Science.gov (United States)

Yamamoto, Keita; Suyama, Momoko; Takiyama, Yoshihiro; Kim, Dongmin; Saitoh, Youichi; Sekino, Masaki

2015-05-01

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently been used as a method for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Daily TMS sessions can provide continuous therapeutic effectiveness, and the installation of TMS systems at patients' homes has been proposed. A figure-eight coil, which is normally used for TMS therapy, induces a highly localized electric field; however, it is challenging to achieve accurate coil positioning above the targeted brain area using this coil. In this paper, a bowl-shaped coil for stimulating a localized but wider area of the brain is proposed. The coil's electromagnetic characteristics were analyzed using finite element methods, and the analysis showed that the bowl-shaped coil induced electric fields in a wider area of the brain model than a figure-eight coil. The expanded distribution of the electric field led to greater robustness of the coil to the coil-positioning error. To improve the efficiency of the coil, the relationship between individual coil design parameters and the resulting coil characteristics was numerically analyzed. It was concluded that lengthening the outer spherical radius and narrowing the width of the coil were effective methods for obtaining a more effective and more uniform distribution of the electric field.

Stress distributions of coils for toroidal magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kajita, Tateo; Miyamoto, Kenro.

1976-01-01

The stress distributions of a D shaped coil and a circular coil are computed by the finite element method. The dependences of the stress distribution on the geometrical parameters of the stress distribution on the geometrical parameters of the coils and supporting methods are examined. The maximum amount of the stress in the D shaped coil is not much smaller than that of the circular one. However, the stress distribution of the D shaped coil becomes much more uniform. The supporting method has as much effect as the geometrical parameters of the coil on the stress distribution. (auth.)

d-Cysteine Ligands Control Metal Geometries within De Novo Designed Three-Stranded Coiled Coils

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ruckthong, Leela; Peacock, Anna F.A.; Pascoe, Cherilyn E.

2017-01-01

Although metal ion binding to naturally occurring l-amino acid proteins is well documented, understanding the impact of the opposite chirality (d-)amino acids on the structure and stereochemistry of metals is in its infancy. We examine the effect of a d-configuration cysteine within a designed l......-amino acid three-stranded coiled coil in order to enforce a precise coordination number on a metal center. The d chirality does not alter the native fold, but the side-chain re-orientation modifies the sterics of the metal binding pocket. l-Cys side chains within the coiled-coil structure have previously...... by comparison of the structure of ZnIICl(CSL16DC)3 2- to the published structure of ZnII(H2O)(GRAND-CSL12AL16LC)3 -. Moreover, spectroscopic analysis indicates that the CdII geometry observed by using l-Cys ligands (a mixture of three- and four-coordinate CdII) is altered to a single four-coordinate species...

Structure and Misfolding of the Flexible Tripartite Coiled-Coil Domain of Glaucoma-Associated Myocilin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hill, Shannon E.; Nguyen, Elaine; Donegan, Rebecca K.; Patterson-Orazem, Athéna C.; Hazel, Anthony; Gumbart, James C.; Lieberman, Raquel L.

2017-11-01

Glaucoma-associated myocilin is a member of the olfactomedins, a protein family involved in neuronal development and human diseases. Molecular studies of the myocilin N-terminal coiled coil demonstrate a unique tripartite architecture: a Y-shaped parallel dimer-of-dimers with distinct tetramer and dimer regions. The structure of the dimeric C-terminal 7-heptad repeats elucidates an unexpected repeat pattern involving inter-strand stabilization by oppositely charged residues. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal an alternate accessible conformation in which the terminal inter-strand disulfide limits the extent of unfolding and results in a kinked configuration. By inference, full-length myocilin is also branched, with two pairs of C-terminal olfactomedin domains. Selected variants within the N-terminal region alter the apparent quaternary structure of myocilin but do so without compromising stability or causing aggregation. In addition to increasing our structural knowledge of naturally occurring extracellular coiled coils and biomedically important olfactomedins, this work broadens the scope of protein misfolding in the pathogenesis of myocilin-associated glaucoma.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-coil design with improved focality

Science.gov (United States)

Rastogi, P.; Lee, E. G.; Hadimani, R. L.; Jiles, D. C.

2017-05-01

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique for neuromodulation that can be used as a non-invasive therapy for various neurological disorders. In TMS, a time varying magnetic field generated from an electromagnetic coil placed on the scalp is used to induce an electric field inside the brain. TMS coil geometry plays an important role in determining the focality and depth of penetration of the induced electric field responsible for stimulation. Clinicians and basic scientists are interested in stimulating a localized area of the brain, while minimizing the stimulation of surrounding neural networks. In this paper, a novel coil has been proposed, namely Quadruple Butterfly Coil (QBC) with an improved focality over the commercial Figure-8 coil. Finite element simulations were conducted with both the QBC and the conventional Figure-8 coil. The two coil's stimulation profiles were assessed with 50 anatomically realistic MRI derived head models. The coils were positioned on the vertex and the scalp over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to stimulate the brain. Computer modeling of the coils has been done to determine the parameters of interest-volume of stimulation, maximum electric field, location of maximum electric field and area of stimulation across all 50 head models for both coils.

Manufacturing development of the Westinghouse Nb3Sn coil for the Large Coil Test Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, J.L.; Vota, T.L.; Singh, S.K.

1983-01-01

The Westinghouse Nb 3 Sn Magnet for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Large Coil Program (LCP) is currently well into the manufacturing phase. This paper identifies the manufacturing processes and development tasks for his unique, advanced coil

Proyecto de vivienda energéticamente sostenible situada en Almería. Instalación fotovoltaica.

OpenAIRE

CORBERÁ FERRANDO, JOSÉ Mª

2015-01-01

[ES] Se van a diseñar las instalaciones necesarias para que una vivienda unifamiliar sea energéticamente sostenible. La única fuente de energía disponible es la solar Se calcualrán las instalaciones para dos opciones. 1. Vivienda conectada a la red eléctrica general. 2. Vivienda aislada de la red eléctrica. Corberá Ferrando, JM. (2015). Proyecto de vivienda energéticamente sostenible situada en Almería. Instalación fotovoltaica. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/53541. TFGM

[Surface coils for magnetic-resonance images].

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-González, Alfredo Odón; Amador-Baheza, Ricardo; Rojas-Jasso, Rafael; Barrios-Alvarez, Fernando Alejandro

2005-01-01

Since the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging in Mexico, the development of this important medical imaging technology has been almost non-existing in our country. The very first surface coil prototypes for clinical applications in magnetic resonance imaging has been developed at the Center of Research in Medical Imaging and Instrumentation of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa (Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Iztapalapa). Two surface coil prototypes were built: a) a circular-shaped coil and b) a square-shaped coil for multiple regions of the body, such as heart, brain, knee, hands, and ankles. These coils were tested on the 1.5T imager of the ABC Hospital-Tacubaya, located in Mexico City. Brain images of healthy volunteers were obtained in different orientations: sagittal, coronal, and axial. Since images showed a good-enough clinical quality for diagnosis, it is fair to say that these coil prototypes can be used in the clinical environment, and with small modifications, they can be made compatible with almost any commercial scanner. This type of development can offer new alternatives for further collaboration between the research centers and the radiology community, in the search of new applications and developments of this imaging technique.

Superconductive magnet having shim coils and quench protection circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwall, R.E.

1987-01-01

A superconductive magnet is described comprising: a first persistent current loop comprising a first superconductor and a main coil connected to the first superconductor, the main coil being operative in response to superconduction therein to generate a primary magnetic field; a second persistent current loop comprising a second superconductor and a shim coil connected thereto, the shim coil being operative in response to superconduction therein to generate a corrective field for correcting aberrations in a predetermined gradient in the primary magnetic field, the shim coil having fewer turns than the main coil and being inductively coupled therewith whereby small changes in the current in the main coil cause much greater changes in the current in the shim coil. The magnet is characterized by an improvement which consists of: a first heater connected across the second persistent loop in parallel with the shim coil, the first heater being normally inoperative to carry current while the shim coil and the second superconductor are superconducting, the first heater being operative in response to current therein to heat the shim coil to a resistive state; and protective circuit means comprising a second heater connected to the main coil for carrying current from the main coil upon quenching of the main coil, the second heater being disposed in thermal contact with the second superconductor to heat the second superconductor to a resistive state in response to the current from the main coil to thereby divert current in the second persistent loop through the second heater causing it to heat the shim coil to a resistive state and resistively dissipate energy therein

An Air Bearing Rotating Coil Magnetic Measurement System

CERN Document Server

Gottschalk, Stephen C; Taylor, David J; Thayer, William

2005-01-01

This paper describes a rotating coil magnetic measurement system supported on air bearings. The design is optimized for measurements of 0.1micron magnetic centerline changes on long, small aperture quadrupoles. Graphite impregnated epoxy resin is used for the coil holder and coil winding forms. Coil holder diameter is 11 mm with a length between supports of 750mm. A pair of coils is used to permit quadrupole bucking during centerline measurements. Coil length is 616mm, inner radius 1.82mm, outer radius 4.74mm. The key features of the mechanical system are simplicity; air bearings for accurate, repeatable measurements without needing warm up time and a vibration isolated stand that uses a steel-topped Newport optical table with air suspension. Coil rotation is achieved by a low noise servo motor controlled by a standalone Ethernet servo board running custom servo software. Coil calibration procedures that correct wire placement errors, tests for mechanical resonances, and other system checks will also be discu...

Vibration energy harvester with low resonant frequency based on flexible coil and liquid spring

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Zhao, L.; Tang, Y.; Shkel, A.; Kim, E. S.

2016-11-01

This paper reports an electromagnetic vibration-energy harvester with low resonant frequency based on liquid spring composed of ferrofluid. Cylinder magnet array formed by four disc NdFeB magnets is suspended by ferrofluid in a laser-machined acrylic tube which is wrapped by flexible planar coil fabricated with microfabrication process. The magnet array and coil are aligned automatically by the ferrofluid. Restoring force when the magnet array is deviated from the balance position is proportional to the deviated distance, which makes the ferrofluid work as a liquid spring obeying Hook's law. Experimental results show that the electromagnetic energy harvester occupying 1.8 cc and weighing 5 g has a resonant frequency of 16 Hz and generates an induced electromotive force of Vrms = 2.58 mV (delivering 79 nW power into matched load of 21 Ω) from 3 g acceleration at 16 Hz.

Diagnostics of a negative hydrogen ion source based on a planar-coil inductively-driven discharge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lishev, Stiliyan St.; Shivarova, Antonia P.; Iordanov, Dimitar I.; Todorov, Dimitar T.; Demerdzhiev, Angel P.

2013-01-01

Recent activity on a volume-production negative-hydrogen-ion source with the design of a matrix of small-radius discharges inductively driven by a planar coil is reported. A single discharge of the matrix has been studied by employing probe-and laser-photodetachment diagnostics. The measurements have been carried out in the first - small-size - chamber of a two-chamber discharge vessel, with rf power introduced by a planar coil positioned on its front wall. The measured profiles of the negative ion density show strong axial dependence, with two maxima located at the positions corresponding to the maxima of the dc potential, where the maxima of the electron density are also located. The first maximum is in the vicinity of the rf power input and the second one is close to the interface between the two chambers of the discharge vessel.

Celdas combustibles: una opción para la transformación descentralizada de energía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio Alberto Gavilán Yodú

2011-02-01

Full Text Available La solución a los problemas energéticos actuales y al progresivo deterioro del medio ambiente está estrechamenterelacionada con la elección de sistemas energéticos alternativos que sean capaces de garantizar el desarrollosostenible de todos los países. La producción descentralizada de energía, fundamentada con acierto por losdefensores del denominado camino energético suave o el camino del Sol, permite la transformación de energíacon tecnologías preferentemente no contaminantes en el lugar de consumo. Con esto se reducirían de modoconsiderable las pérdidas energéticas ocasionadas por los procesos de transmisión y distribución. La celdacombustible constituye la tecnología de mayor potencial para revolucionar el panorama energético en este siglo.Como transformador electroquímico, la conversión energética máxima posible se define por la energía libre dereacción en un régimen de temperatura relativamente bajo. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de los diferentestipos de celdas combustibles y se caracteriza el estado actual de esta tecnología. Además, se analiza el usodel hidrógeno solar en celdas combustibles.  The solution to the actual energy problems and to the progressive damage of the environment is closely relatedwith the election of alternative energy systems that it be able to guarantee the sustainable development of all thecountries. The decentralized energy production, based with success by the defenders of the one denominatedsoft energy way or Sun way, allows the energy transformation with technologies preferably not pollutants in theplace of  consumption. It would decrease in a considerable way the energy losses caused by the transmissionprocesses and distribution. The fuel cell constitutes the technology of more potential to revolutionize the energypanorama in this century. As electrochemical transformer, the possible maximum energy conversion is definedfor the free energy of reaction in a relatively

Limitaciones para el desarrollo de energías renovables en Argentina

OpenAIRE

Marina Yesica Recalde; Daniel Hugo Bouille; Leónidas Osvaldo Girardin

2015-01-01

En las últimas décadas las energías renovables han cobrado impulso a nivel mundial con un significativo impacto sobre el desarrollo sustentable de las naciones. Si bien diferentes trabajos analizan la eficiencia de políticas e instrumentos para la promoción de dichas fuentes, la mayoría de las veces se deja de lado el análisis de cómo el contexto en el cual las políticas son implementadas determina su performance. En este trabajo se analiza el desarrollo de las energías renovables en el merca...

Design considerations in coiled-coil fusion constructs for the structural determination of a problematic region of the human cardiac myosin rod

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreas, Michael P.; Ajay, Gautam; Gellings, Jaclyn A.; Rayment, Ivan (UW)

2017-12-01

X-ray structural determination of segments of the myosin rod has proved difficult because of the strong salt-dependent aggregation properties and repeating pattern of charges on the surface of the coiled-coil that lead to the formation of paracrystals. This problem has been resolved in part through the use of globular assembly domains that improve protein folding and prevent aggregation. The primary consideration now in designing coiled-coil fusion constructs for myosin is deciding where to truncate the coiled-coil and which amino acid residues to include from the folding domain. This is especially important for myosin that contains numerous regions of low predicted coiled-coil propensity. Here we describe the strategy adopted to determine the structure of the region that extends from Arg1677 – Leu1797 that included two areas that do not show a strong sequence signature of a conventional left-handed coiled coil or canonical heptad repeat. This demonstrates again that, with careful choice of fusion constructs, overlapping structures exhibit very similar conformations for the myosin rod fragments in the canonical regions. However, conformational variability is seen around Leu1706 which is a hot spot for cardiomyopathy mutations suggesting that this might be important for function.

Productividad y eficiencia energética en el proceso de molienda del mineral laterítico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Angulo-Leblanch

2000-03-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo se realiza un análisis energético del proceso de molienda seca del mineral laterítico, considerado como el proceso de mayor consumo de energía eléctrica entre los procesos beneficiadores que se emplean en las plantas niquelíferas, ubicadas al norte de la provincia de Holguín. Son analizadas las particularidades energéticas que exhibe este proceso cuando las máquinas trabajan normalmente con la presencia de mineral y cuando se producen ausencias ocasionales de éste en el sistema, lo que trae como consecuencia el incremento notable de las potencias demandadas por los molinos y por los ventiladores de recirculación . Se analiza además, la influencia del grado de llenado con bolas del molino, sobre la productividad y la estrecha relación de esta última con la eficiencia energética del proceso. El método fundamental de análisis empleado, se basa en la obtención experimental y en las condiciones concretas de explotación, de las características energéticas de las unidades de molienda y de sus agregados, como vía directa para descubrir las reservas de energía del sistema y conocer hasta qué punto es posible mejorar su eficiencia influyendo sobre la productividad. El trabajo revela que, cuando las unidades de molienda son operadas con valores de productividades que oscilan entre un 50 y un 60% de la nominal, si son adoptadas las medidas pertinentes para lograr el aumento de la productividad, entonces esto puede reportar hasta un 55% de mejoramiento de la eficiencia energética del proceso.

Quench detection system of the EURATOM coil for the Large Coil Task

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noether, G.; Gauss, S.; Maurer, W.; Siewerdt, L.; Ulbricht, A.; Wuechner, F.

1989-01-01

A special quench detection system has been developed for the EURATOM Large Coil Task (LCT) coil. The system is based on a bridge circuit which uses a special 'two in hand' winding technique for the pancakes of the EURATOM LCT coil. The electronic circuit was designed in a fail safe way to prevent failure of the quench detector due to failure of one of its components. A method for quick balancing of the quench detection system in a large toroidal magnet system was applied. The quench detection system worked very reliably during the experimental phase of the LCT and was within the quench detection level setting of 50 mV, i.e. the system was not sensitive to poloidal field transients at or below this level. Non-electrical methods for quench detection were also investigated. (author)

Monitoreo energético y estrategias de RETROFIT para viviendas sociales en clima frío.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Micaela Andersen

2017-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo aborda la aplicación de tecnologías y pautas para el reciclado masivo de viviendas urbanas representativas. Se evalúa aquí el comportamiento energético actual en una vivienda social “tipo” con un alto nivel de replicabilidad. Para ello, se cuantifica el potencial ahorro energético al aplicar diversas estrategias de mejoramiento de la envolvente edilicia que permitan arribar a valores admisibles de pérdidas térmicas, de acuerdo con la normativa argentina. Se describe la tecnología, el comportamiento térmico y energético de una vivienda perteneciente al barrio “645 Viviendas” (desarrollado por El Instituto de Planificación y Promoción de la Vivienda, ubicada en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche, en la zona bioambiental IV, muy fría. Este barrio presenta una emergencia energética de gran magnitud, ya que no se encuentra conectado a la red de gas natural. Posteriormente, se examinan los resultados de la auditoria energética de 2016 y se muestra la simulación térmica realizada en Ecotect Analysis 2011, incorporando las condiciones reales de uso auditadas. Ajustado el modelo, se analizan 24 estrategias de mejoramiento de la envolvente térmica, posibilitando la identificación de las estrategias de mayor impacto en la reducción de la demanda energética.

Certificación energética de edificios en España y sus implicaciones económicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruá, M. J.

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Under the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the Member States must develop methods to certify energy efficiency of buildings. Calener-VYP v1.0 is the only Spanish official tool to certify a high energy efficiency performance of residential buildings, through the general option. It has two indicators implemented, CO₂ emissions and primary energy consumption. However, in the process of energy rating a building, only the CO₂ emissions indicator is considered. The economic consequences of this are studied, by means of simulating real properties with different construction assemblies and building services in the twelve Spanish climatic zones and calculating their costs. The results show that having a better energy rate in Calener VYP does not necessarily entail a lower consumption cost. Therefore, it is necessary to include the annual primary energy consumption indicator, because its absence involves that costs cannot be used as an argument when promoting energy efficiency among users.

Bajo la Directiva Europea sobre eficiencia energética de los edificios, los Estados Miembros deben desarrollar procedimientos para certificar energéticamente los edificios. Calener-VYP v1.0 es la única herramienta oficial española para certificar una elevada aptitud en eficiencia energética de edificios residenciales, por el método general. Tiene dos indicadores implementados, emisiones de CO₂ y consumo de energía primaria. Sin embargo, en el proceso de otorgar la calificación energética, solamente se consideran las emisiones de CO₂. Las implicaciones económicas de esto se estudian simulando viviendas con diferentes características constructivas e instalaciones en las doce zonas climáticas españolas y calculando sus costes. Los resultados muestran que una mejor calificación energética en Calener-VYP no implica necesariamente un menor coste de consumo energético. Por tanto, es necesario

Avaliação energética de um sistema integrado de abastecimento de água

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Ana Luiza Rezende Guanais

2017-07-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Os encargos energéticos decorrentes do Sistema Integrado de Abastecimento de Água de Feira de Santana (SIAA-FSA foram analisados utilizando o método de avaliação do ciclo de vida. Foram identificadas, na cadeia de abastecimento de água, as etapas do sistema com maiores encargos energéticos, e propostos cenários de melhoria. Cadeias de produção dos insumos químicos, transporte dos insumos, energia elétrica e substituição dos tubos na rede para a manutenção do SIAA-FSA foram consideradas. A demanda energética acumulada do SIAA-FSA foi de 3,51 kWh.m-3 de água consumida. As etapas de captação e distribuição de água apresentaram os maiores consumos energéticos, e a eletricidade do bombeamento representou 86% da demanda energética acumulada. Os cenários propostos para o SIAA-FSA apresentaram melhorias significativas em relação ao cenário atual, com usos mais racionais de insumos químicos, eletricidade e água.

El papel de la energía renovable en la competitividad un bosquejo de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Leticia Laurent Martínez

2016-03-01

Full Text Available La relación entre la energía y el desarrollo parece incuestionable. Entre más energía y más requerimientos tecnológicos haya que poner en juego para producirla, más avanzados se consideran los países. Sin embargo, los criterios están cambiando aceleradamente, aunque sin las repercusiones esperadas por los defensores de la competitividad. En este artículo se presenta un panorama global del bienestar de los seres vivos mediante la sustitución de las energías provenientes de los fósiles y de la fisión nuclear por energía renovable (er. Se prosigue con una serie de argumentaciones sobre el papel que desempeñan las energías renovables en la competitividad sustentable en relación con la competitividad efímera. Finalizamos con una breve descripción de la posición de México en el renglón de la er, la cual ofrece un marco para una reflexión crítica de las restricciones de la sustentabilidad en México

Switching transients in a superconducting coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Owen, E.W.; Shimer, D.W.

1983-01-01

A study is made of the transients caused by the fast dump of large superconducting coils. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and actual measurements are used. Theoretical analysis can only be applied to the simplest of models. In the computer simulations two models are used, one in which the coil is divided into ten segments and another in which a single coil is employed. The circuit breaker that interrupts the current to the power supply, causing a fast dump, is represented by a time and current dependent conductance. Actual measurements are limited to measurements made incidental to performance tests on the MFTF Yin-yang coils. It is found that the breaker opening time is the critical factor in determining the size and shape of the transient. Instantaneous opening of the breaker causes a lightly damped transient with large amplitude voltages to ground. Increasing the opening time causes the transient to become a monopulse of decreasing amplitude. The voltages at the external terminals are determined by the parameters of the external circuit. For fast opening times the frequency depends on the dump resistor inductance, the circuit capacitance, and the amplitude on the coil current. For slower openings the dump resistor inductance and the current determine the amplitude of the voltage to ground at the terminals. Voltages to ground are less in the interior of the coil, where transients related to the parameters of the coil itself are observed

Resistive demountable toroidal-field coils for tokamak reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jassby, D.L.; Jacobsen, R.A.; Kalnavarns, J.; Masson, L.S.; Sekot, J.P.

1981-07-01

Readily demountable TF (toroidal-field) coils allow complete access to the internal components of a tokamak reactor for maintenance of replacement. The requirement of readily demountable joints dictates the use of water-cooled resistive coils, which have a host of decisive advantages over superconducting coils. Previous papers have shown that resistive TF coils for tokamak reactors can operate in the steady state with acceptable power dissipation (typically, 175 to 300 MW). This paper summarizes results of parametric studies of size optimization of rectangular TF coils and of a finite-element stress analysis, and examines several candidate methods of implementing demountable joints for rectangular coils constructed of plate segments

Manufacture of EAST VS In-Vessel Coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long, Feng; Wu, Yu; Du, Shijun; Jin, Huan; Yu, Min; Han, Qiyang; Wan, Jiansheng; Liu, Bin; Qiao, Jingchun; Liu, Xiaochuan; Li, Chang; Cai, Denggang; Tong, Yunhua

2013-01-01

Highlights: • ITER like Stainless Steel Mineral Insulation Conductor (SSMIC) used for EAST Tokamak VS In-Vessel Coil manufacture first time. • Research on SSMIC fabrication was introduced in detail. • Two sets totally four single-turn VS coils were manufactured and installed in place symmetrically above and below the mid-plane in the vacuum vessel of EAST. • The manufacture and inspection of the EAST VS coil especially the joint for the SSMIC connection was described in detail. • The insulation resistances of all the VS coils have no significant reduction after endurance test. -- Abstract: In the ongoing latest update round of EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak), two sets of two single-turn Vertical Stabilization (VS) coils were manufactured and installed symmetrically above and below the mid-plane in the vacuum vessel of EAST. The Stainless Steel Mineral Insulated Conductor (SSMIC) developed for ITER In-Vessel Coils (IVCs) in Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (ASIPP) was used for the EAST VS coils manufacture. Each turn poloidal field VS coil includes three internal joints in the vacuum vessel. The middle joint connects two pieces of conductor which together form an R2.3 m arc segment inside the vacuum vessel. The other two joints connect the arc segment with the two feeders near the port along the toroidal direction to bear lower electromagnetic loads during operation. Main processes and tests include material performances checking, conductor fabrication, joint connection and testing, coil forming, insulation performances measurement were described herein

Superconducting coil design for a tokamak experimental power reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turner, L.R.; Wang, S.T.; Smelser, P.

1977-01-01

Superconducting toroidal field (TF) and polodial-field (PF) coils have been designed for the proposed Argonne National Laboratory experimental power reactor (EPR). Features of the design include: (1) Peak field of 8 T at 4.2 K or 10 T at 3.0 K. (2) Constant-tension shape for the TF coils, corrected for the finite number (16) of coils. (3) Analysis of errors in coil alignment. (4) Comparison of safety aspects of series-connected and parallel-connected coils. (5) A 60 kA sheet conductor of NbTi with copper stabilizer and stainless steel for support. (6) Superconducting PF coils outside the TF coils. (7) The TF coils shielded from pulsed fields by high-purity aluminum

Evaluación energética y validación matemática de un sistema de conversión de energía por rozamiento

OpenAIRE

Barona Díaz, Santiago Xavier

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo, consiste en la Evaluación Energética y validación Matemática de un nuevo dispositivo de calentamiento, que aprovecha la alta energía calórica producida por la fricción y el aplastamiento de un anillo cilíndrico de aleación Cu-Sn. En este proceso de transformación mecánico térmica, a temperaturas de trabajo sobre los 800ºC intervienen características tales como el área de la pared conductiva, torque, velocidad de rotación, fuerza axial de compresión, tipo de materiales, qu...

La utilización eficaz del hormigón térmico en rehabilitación energética de edifcios

OpenAIRE

Moraño Rodríguez, Alfonso Javier

2016-01-01

Como sabrá el lector, se ha establecido en España por consecuencia de la Directiva 2012/27/ UE, un Programa de Ayudas para la Rehabilitación Energética de Edificios existentes (Programa PAREER-CRECE) con el fin de incentivar y promover la realización de actuaciones de reforma que favorezcan el ahorro energético, la mejora de la eficiencia energética, el aprovechamiento de las energías renovables y la reducción de emisiones de dióxido de carbono. El Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo, ...

Correcting coils in end magnets of accelerators

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. R. P. Kassab

1998-05-01

Full Text Available We present an empirical investigation of the correcting coils behavior used to homogenize the field distribution of the race-track microtron accelerator end magnets. These end magnets belong to the second stage of the 30.0 MeV cw electron accelerator under construction at IFUSP, the race-track microtron booster, in which the beam energy is raised from 1.97 to 5.1 MeV. The correcting coils are attached to the pole faces and are based on the inhomogeneities of the magnetic field measured. The performance of these coils, when operating the end magnets with currents that differ by ±10% from the one used in the mappings that originated the coils copper leads, is presented. For one of the magnets, adjusting conveniently the current of the correcting coils makes it possible to homogenize field distributions of different intensities, once their shapes are practically identical to those that originated the coils. For the other one, the shapes are changed and the coils are less efficient. This is related to intrinsic factors that determine the inhomogeneities. However, we obtained uniformity of 0.001% in both cases.

Modelo de cooperación energética entre China y América Latina

OpenAIRE

Hongbo, Sun

2014-01-01

Las relaciones entre China y América Latina han tenido más implicaciones estratégicas en la actual transición de poder político y económico internacional, en particular, sus vínculos energéticos han sido testigos de grandes avances de cooperación entre industrias de petróleo y gas. La cooperación energética de China con América Latina se compone, en una parte nada despreciable, de cambios en curso en energía en el occidente del hemisferio. Las compañías petroleras chinas recurren a diferentes...

Quench simulation of SMES consisting of some superconducting coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noguchi, S.; Oga, Y.; Igarashi, H.

2011-01-01

A chain of quenches may be caused by a quench of one element coil when SMES is consists of many element coils. To avoid the chain of quenches, the energy stored in element coil has to be quickly discharged. The cause of the chain of the quenches is the short time constant of the decreasing current of the quenched coil. In recent years, many HTS superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES) systems are investigated and designed. They usually consist of some superconducting element coils due to storing excessively high energy. If one of them was quenched, the storage energy of the superconducting element coil quenched has to be immediately dispersed to protect the HTS-SMES system. As the result, the current of the other element coils, which do not reach to quench, increases since the magnetic coupling between the quenched element coil and the others are excessively strong. The increase of the current may cause the quench of the other element coils. If the energy dispersion of the element coil quenched was failed, the other superconducting element coil would be quenched in series. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of the HTS-SMES after quenching one or more element coils. To protect a chain of quenches, it is also important to investigate the time constant of the coils. We have developed a simulation code to investigate the behavior of the HTS-SMES. By the quench simulation, it is indicated that a chain of quenches is caused by a quench of one element coil.

Design and modelling of a SMES coil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuan Weijia; Campbell, A M; Coombs, T A, E-mail: wy215@cam.ac.u [EPEC Superconductivity group, Engineering Department, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA (United Kingdom)

2010-06-01

The design of a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) coil wound by coated conductors has been presented. Based on an existing model for coated conductor pancake coils, this paper analysed the magnetic field and current density distribution of the coil at two different operation temperatures, 77K and 22K. A comparison table of the critical currents and AC losses at these two temperatures has been presented. Several steps to improve the transport current of the coil have been suggested as well.

Coils in a fusion device and its fabrication method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, Hideto; Moritani, Einoshin.

1975-01-01

Object: To provide a coil for nuclear fusion equipment, which coil has superior rigidity and strength and is separable into two sections and used for removing impurity ions from high temperature plasma such as heavy hydrogen and tritium. Structure: The coil according to the invention is manufactured by (1) a step of insulating horseshoe-shaped conductors one from another and bundling them into coil halves. (2) a step of assembling a flange on a coil case accommodating each coil half and hermetically welding a lid to each end of the coil half, (3) a step of evacuating the interior of each coil case, (4) a step of pouring a thermosetting resin into each evacuated coil case and hardening the resin, (5) a step of connecting the two coil halves with their ends not covered with resin held in abutting relation to each other, (6) a step of coupling coil case joint pieces to the joined portions and covering the joint pieces with a seal box and hermetically welding the box to the joint pieces, and (7) a step of pouring a thermosetting resin into each evacuated joint portion and hardening the resin. (Kamimura, M.)

MRI surface-coil pair with strong inductive coupling.

Science.gov (United States)

Mett, Richard R; Sidabras, Jason W; Hyde, James S

2016-12-01

A novel inductively coupled coil pair was used to obtain magnetic resonance phantom images. Rationale for using such a structure is described in R. R. Mett et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 084703 (2016)]. The original rationale was to increase the Q-value of a small diameter surface coil in order to achieve dominant loading by the sample. A significant improvement in the vector reception field (VRF) is also seen. The coil assembly consists of a 3-turn 10 mm tall meta-metallic self-resonant spiral (SRS) of inner diameter 10.4 mm and outer diameter 15.1 mm and a single-loop equalization coil of 25 mm diameter and 2 mm tall. The low-frequency parallel mode was used in which the rf currents on each coil produce magnetic fields that add constructively. The SRS coil assembly was fabricated and data were collected using a tissue-equivalent 30% polyacrylamide phantom. The large inductive coupling of the coils produces phase-coherency of the rf currents and magnetic fields. Finite-element simulations indicate that the VRF of the coil pair is about 4.4 times larger than for a single-loop coil of 15 mm diameter. The mutual coupling between coils influences the current ratio between the coils, which in turn influences the VRF and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Data on a tissue-equivalent phantom at 9.4 T show a total SNR increase of 8.8 over the 15 mm loop averaged over a 25 mm depth and diameter. The experimental results are shown to be consistent with the magnetic resonance theory of the emf induced by spins in a coil, the theory of inductively coupled resonant circuits, and the superposition principle. The methods are general for magnetic resonance and other types of signal detection and can be used over a wide range of operating frequencies.

Coil Migration after Transarterial Coil Embolization of a Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bezawit D. Tekola

2013-11-01

Full Text Available A 48-year-old man with a history of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm requiring transarterial embolization 3 months earlier presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and fever. Computed tomography showed evidence of embolization coil fragments within the gastrointestinal tract. Upper endoscopy showed a large gastric ulcer with numerous embolization coils extruding into the gastric lumen. The patient underwent partial gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy and resection of the splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. This case illustrates a rare delayed complication of transarterial embolization of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.

Análisis de sistema de conversores fluido-dinámicos de energía renovable para la Patagonia Austral de Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Victor Manuel Labriola

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El potencial de energía en mares y océanos se puede clasificar de distintas formas, por ejemplo: * La energía de las mareas ó Mareomotriz * La energía de las corrientes marinas * La energía de las olas ó Undimotriz * La energía térmica oceánica (OTEC. De estas formas de energía oceánica, tres son posibles en la zona Atlántica de nuestra Patagonia Austral, la Mareomotriz, la Undimotriz y la de corrientes marinas. La Energía Mareomotriz se da desde Viedma hasta Tierra del Fuego con amplitudes de mareas de 4m hasta 20m, la Energía de las Olas se da en la costa de Chubut y Santa Cruz con potenciales de 10 a 30kW/m lineal de frente de ola y el aprovechamiento de las corrientes marinas se puede dar en lugares puntuales como ser la desembocadura del río Deseado o la de Río Gallegos. Para estas Fuentes de Energía se está realizando un banco de pruebas de modelos conversores de las mismas a Energía Eléctrica, en la Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia (UACO de la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA. Este banco dispondrá de dos canales de ensayos hidrodinámicos uno para energía de las corrientes marinas y otro para las olas. El primero dispondrá de una bomba de circulación con velocidad de fluido variable entre 0 y 4m/s. El banco para olas tendrá un sistema de batido del agua para producir ondas de amplitud y período variable. Además se están dimensionando dos modelos de conversores de energía oceánica. Uno es una turbina, tipo eólica sumergida y el otro modelo es de tubo electromecánico oscilante como conversor energético de las olas.

First assembly phase for the ATLAS toroid coils

CERN Document Server

Patrice Loïez

2003-01-01

The ATLAS barrel toroid system consists of eight coils, each of axial length 25.3 m, assembled radially and symmetrically around the beam axis. The coils are of a flat racetrack type with two double-pancake windings made of 20.5 kA aluminium-stabilized niobium-titanium superconductor. In the first phase of assembly, the two 'pancakes' are packed into their vacuum vessel. This is done using bladders filled with resin and glass microbeads under pressure. The resin is heated and, once cooled, holds the pancakes in place. The operation has to be performed on both sides of the coil, which necessitated a special technique to turn the coils over and then transport them to the heating table. Photos 01, 02, 03: Use of the overhead travelling crane to hoist the coil up and then tilt it over, the coil frame's metal feet being used as rotational pivots, supporting half the coil's weight. Once it has been turned over, the coil, now with only half the frame, is transported to the heating table using a special lifting gant...

Second Barrel Toroid Coil Installed in ATLAS Cavern

CERN Multimedia

Tappern, G.

The second barrel toroid coil was lowered into the ATLAS Cavern on Friday, 26 November. The operation takes approximately five hours of precision crane and winch operations. Before lowering, several checks are made to ensure that no loose items have been left on the coil which would fall during the lowering down the shaft. This is a very difficult, but very important check, with the first coil in position, and partly below the shaft. After changing the winch tooling on Wednesday December 1st, the coil was lifted, rotated and placed into the feet. The girders which support the coil and the Z direction stops had all been pre-set before putting the coil in the feet. The angle is controlled by an inclinometer. When the final adjustments of position have been made, which will locate the coils at the plus/minus two mm level, the connection beams (voussoirs and struts) will be put in place; this requires a complex shimming procedure. This will lock together the two coils into the feet and forms the foundation for th...

Diseño metodológico de la evaluación de proyectos energéticos bajo incertidumbre en precios: caso de cogeneración de energía en una empresa en Cali

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Andrés Núñez Viveros

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Los recursos energéticos en la industria recobran mayor relevancia en su competitividad, representando el se- gundo o tercer rubro en el costo. El comportamiento fluctuante de los costos históricos, así como la incertidum- bre de su tendencia futura, acentuada por la inminencia del desmonte del impuesto de contribución en energía eléctrica (20% de la tarifa, conllevan el cuestionamiento de si los proyectos de cogeneración de energía tendrán viabilidad en un futuro cercano. El presente trabajo desarrolla una metodología innovadora para evaluar la via- bilidad de la implementación de proyectos de cogeneración, fundamentada en 3 simuladores que trabajan con información estadística y proyecciones matemáticas, además de realizar un análisis de sensibilidad del proyecto a los comportamientos proyectados de los precios futuros de la energía eléctrica y de los combustibles.

Mechanical design of a high field common coil magnet

CERN Document Server

Caspi, S; Dietderich, D R; Gourlay, S A; Gupta, R; McInturff, A; Millos, G; Scanlan, R M

1999-01-01

A common coil design for high field 2-in-1 accelerator magnets has been previously presented as a "conductor-friendly" option for high field magnets applicable for a Very Large Hadron Collider. This paper presents the mechanical design for a 14 tesla 2-in-1 dipole based on the common coil design approach. The magnet will use a high current density Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor. The design addresses mechanical issues particular to the common coil geometry: horizontal support against coil edges, vertical preload on coil faces, end loading and support, and coil stresses and strains. The magnet is the second in a series of racetrack coil magnets that will provide experimental verification of the common coil design approach. (9 refs).

Low resolution crystal structure of Arenicola erythrocruorin: influence of coiled coils on the architecture of a megadalton respiratory protein.

Science.gov (United States)

Royer, William E; Omartian, Michael N; Knapp, James E

2007-01-05

Annelid erythrocruorins are extracellular respiratory complexes assembled from 180 subunits into hexagonal bilayers. Cryo-electron microscopic experiments have identified two different architectural classes. In one, designated type I, the vertices of the two hexagonal layers are partially staggered, with one hexagonal layer rotated by about 16 degrees relative to the other layer, whereas in the other class, termed type II, the vertices are essentially eclipsed. We report here the first crystal structure of a type II erythrocruorin, that from Arenicola marina, at 6.2 A resolution. The structure reveals the presence of long continuous triple-stranded coiled-coil "spokes" projecting towards the molecular center from each one-twelfth unit; interdigitation of these spokes provides the only contacts between the two hexagonal layers of the complex. This arrangement contrasts with that of a type I erythrocruorin from Lumbricus terrestris in which the spokes are broken into two triple-stranded coiled coils with a disjointed connection. The disjointed connection allows formation of a more compact structure in the type I architecture, with the two hexagonal layers closer together and additional extensive contacts between the layers. Comparison of sequences of the coiled-coil regions of various linker subunits shows that the linker subunits from type II erythrocruorins possess continuous heptad repeats, whereas a sequence gap places these repeats out of register in the type I linker subunits, consistent with a disjointed coiled-coil arrangement.

Una solución al problema de la energía y de la contaminación en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dieter Klaus

1975-01-01

Full Text Available La crisis energética ha demostrado mundialmente que nuestro concepto de "energía" es insostenible. se necesitan tres unidades caloríficas provenientes del petróleo o el carbón para producir una unidad de energía eléctrica superior. Menos favorable es el aprovechamiento en la conversión del combustible en movimiento de nuestros vehículos. La obtención de energía proveniente del aceite crudo es irreversible.

Dual-keel electrodynamic maglev system

Science.gov (United States)

He, Jianliang; Wang, Zian; Rote, Donald M.; Coffey, Howard T.; Hull, John R.; Mulcahy, Thomas M.; Cal, Yigang

1996-01-01

A propulsion and stabilization system with a plurality of superconducting magnetic devices affixed to the dual-keels of a vehicle, where the superconducting magnetic devices produce a magnetic field when energized. The system also includes a plurality of figure-eight shaped null-flux coils affixed to opposing vertical sides of slots in a guideway. The figure-eight shaped null-flux coils are vertically oriented, laterally cross-connected in parallel, longitudinally connected in series, and continue the length of the vertical slots providing levitation and guidance force. An external power source energizes the figure-eight shaped null-flux coils to create a magnetic traveling wave that interacts with the magnetic field produced by the superconducting magnets to impart motion to the vehicle.

SSC [Superconducting Super Collider] dipole coil production tooling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carson, J.A.; Barczak, E.J.; Bossert, R.C.; Brandt, J.S.; Smith, G.A.

1989-03-01

Superconducting Super Collider dipole coils must be produced to high precision to ensure uniform prestress and even conductor distribution within the collared coil assembly. Tooling is being prepared at Fermilab for the production of high precision 1M and 16.6M SSC dipole coils suitable for mass production. The design and construction methods builds on the Tevatron tooling and production experience. Details of the design and construction methods and measured coil uniformity of 1M coils will be presented. 4 refs., 10 figs

Integración energética: una incertidumbre regulatoria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de la Cruz Bayá C.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende introducir en la reflexión de los elementos que están insertos hoy por hoy en la agenda de la integración energética, como uno de los baluartes más importantes para la consolidación de los procesos subregionales ya que establece, per se, la base de la nueva configuración de las relaciones interestatales a partir de la relación de oferta y demanda energética. En este sentido, los métodos utilizados en la presente investigación han sido el exegético, comparado, estudio de caso y bibliográfico, lo cual ha permitido concluir que se requiere de la generación de un marco regulatorio comunitario armonizado, vinculado a los principios de supranacionalidad y de sustentabilidad.

Finite element modeling of TFTR poloidal field coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baumgartner, J.A.; O'Toole, J.A.

1986-01-01

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) Poloidal Field (PF) coils were originally analyzed to TFTR design conditions. The coils have been reanalyzed by PPPL and Grumman to determine operating limits under as-built conditions. Critical stress levels, based upon data obtained from the reanalysis of each PF coil, are needed for input to the TFTR simulation code algorithms. The primary objective regarding structural integrity has been to ascertain the magnitude and location of critical internal stresses in each PF coil due to various combinations of electromagnetic and thermally induced loads. For each PF coil, a global finite element model (FEM) of a coil sector is being analyzed to obtain the basic coil internal loads and displacements. Subsequent fine mesh local models of the coil lead stem and lead spur regions produce the magnitudes and locations of peak stresses. Each copper turn and its surrounding insulation are modeled using solid finite elements. The corresponding electromagnetic and thermal analyses are similarly modeled. A series of test beams were developed to determine the best combination of MSC/NASTRAN-type finite elements for use in PF coil analysis. The results of this analysis compare favorably with those obtained by the earlier analysis which was limited in scope

Tesla coil theoretical model and experimental verification

OpenAIRE

Voitkans, Janis; Voitkans, Arnis

2014-01-01

Abstract – In this paper a theoretical model of a Tesla coil operation is proposed. Tesla coil is described as a long line with distributed parameters in a single-wired format, where the line voltage is measured against electrically neutral space. It is shown that equivalent two-wired scheme can be found for a single-wired scheme and already known long line theory can be applied to a Tesla coil. Formulas for calculation of voltage in a Tesla coil by coordinate and calculation of resonance fre...

Análisis DAFO del sector de la energía eólica en España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López-Vico, Victoria

2009-06-01

Full Text Available a energía eólica se ha convertido en un sector económico y energético clave en la actualidad, tanto en España como en el resto del mundo. Con el objetivo de saber si ésta energía puede responder a las necesidades de demanda energética, siendo una energía sustitutiva a los tradicionales combustibles fósiles, hemos realizado un análisis DAFO, donde se muestran las debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades de este sector en auge.Wind power has become a very important economic and power sector, as much in Spain as in the rest of the world. With the aim of knowing if this energy can respond to the energetic demand, being a substitute energy to traditional fossil fuels, we have realised a SWOT analysis, where we can know the strengths, threats, opportunities and weaknesses of this sector in full expansion.

The Swiss LCT-coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vecsey, G.; Benz, H.; Horvath, I.

1985-01-01

With delivery of the coil to ORNL on February 4, 1984, the second phase of the Swiss Large Coil Program - design and construction - was terminated. Mainlines of the Swiss design concept are summarized and related to theoretical calculations, experimental results of the supporting program, fabricational experience and first successful test results. An attempt is made to draw preliminary conclusions with regard to the design of future toroidal systems such as NET

Structure and Misfolding of the Flexible Tripartite Coiled-Coil Domain of Glaucoma-Associated Myocilin.

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, Shannon E; Nguyen, Elaine; Donegan, Rebecca K; Patterson-Orazem, Athéna C; Hazel, Anthony; Gumbart, James C; Lieberman, Raquel L

2017-11-07

Glaucoma-associated myocilin is a member of the olfactomedins, a protein family involved in neuronal development and human diseases. Molecular studies of the myocilin N-terminal coiled coil demonstrate a unique tripartite architecture: a Y-shaped parallel dimer-of-dimers with distinct tetramer and dimer regions. The structure of the dimeric C-terminal 7-heptad repeats elucidates an unexpected repeat pattern involving inter-strand stabilization by oppositely charged residues. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal an alternate accessible conformation in which the terminal inter-strand disulfide limits the extent of unfolding and results in a kinked configuration. By inference, full-length myocilin is also branched, with two pairs of C-terminal olfactomedin domains. Selected variants within the N-terminal region alter the apparent quaternary structure of myocilin but do so without compromising stability or causing aggregation. In addition to increasing our structural knowledge of naturally occurring extracellular coiled coils and biomedically important olfactomedins, this work broadens the scope of protein misfolding in the pathogenesis of myocilin-associated glaucoma. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structure of a designed, right-handed coiled-coil tetramer containing all biological amino acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Sales, Mark; Plecs, Joseph J; Holton, James M; Alber, Tom

2007-10-01

The previous design of an unprecedented family of two-, three-, and four-helical, right-handed coiled coils utilized nonbiological amino acids to efficiently pack spaces in the oligomer cores. Here we show that a stable, right-handed parallel tetrameric coiled coil, called RH4B, can be designed entirely using biological amino acids. The X-ray crystal structure of RH4B was determined to 1.1 Angstrom resolution using a designed metal binding site to coordinate a single Yb(2+) ion per 33-amino acid polypeptide chain. The resulting experimental phases were particularly accurate, and the experimental electron density map provided an especially clear, unbiased view of the molecule. The RH4B structure closely matched the design, with equivalent core rotamers and an overall root-mean-square deviation for the N-terminal repeat of the tetramer of 0.24 Angstrom. The clarity and resolution of the electron density map, however, revealed alternate rotamers and structural differences between the three sequence repeats in the molecule. These results suggest that the RH4B structure populates an unanticipated variety of structures.

Transformer inrush current reduction through sequential energization for wind farm applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdulsalam, S.; Xu, W. [Alberta Univ., Edmonton, AB (Canada)

2008-07-01

Wind power is considered as one of the fastest growing technologies in the power industry. The electrical configuration of a wind farm consists of long spans of medium voltage collector feeders. Each wind generator is connected to the collector circuit/feeder through either a pad mount oil filled, or a nacelle-mounted dry type transformer. All collector feeders connect to a single collector substation where the connection to the high-voltage transmission is established through a step up transformer. With a large number of wind generators per feeder, large inrush current will flow due to simultaneous transformer energization which can cause high voltage sag at the point of common coupling. Wind farms are generally located in unpopulated remote areas where no access to strong network connection is feasible. It is common to have the PCC on a relatively weak location on the sub-transmission/distribution network. In order to meet interconnection standards requirements, the amount of voltage sag due to the energization of a number of transformers needs to be evaluated. This paper presented an effective solution to the mitigation of inrush currents and associated voltage sag for wind farm applications. The paper presented a diagram of a typical configuration of a wind farm electrical distribution system and also described the analytical methodologies for the evaluation of inrush current level together with simulation results. A simplified analysis and sizing criteria for the associated neutral resistor size was presented. It was concluded that the scheme could significantly reduce inrush current level when a large number of transformers are simultaneously energized. The presented application eliminates the need to sectionalize feeders, thereby simplifying them for the energization process. 6 refs., 5 figs.

La Reforma Energética: a 20 años del TLCAN

OpenAIRE

Vargas, Rosío

2015-01-01

La visita del presidente estadounidense Barack Obama a México, en mayo de 2013, fue la ocasión para buscar el acceso al petróleo y gas mexicano, amparado en el argumento de los 20 años del TLCAN, bajo "la necesidad" de su relanzamiento. Cabilderos nacionales y extranjeros se dieron a la tarea de elaborar la estrategia para la apertura total del sector energético mexicano bajo la propuesta de la Reforma Energética mexicana, aprobada el 20 de diciembre de 2013. En las modificaciones constitucio...

Sustentabilidad empresarial, seguridad energética y ética ambiental en Chile

OpenAIRE

Suárez,Andrés

2013-01-01

El artículo explora la relación entre sustentabilidad empresarial -asociada tanto a la rentabilidad financiera como a las relaciones con colectivos locales- y el medioambiente, en el contexto de una economía internacionalizada como la chilena. Asimismo, analiza conflictos recientes originados en Chile para la provisión de energía y las dificultades en la definición de una matriz energética, y, finalmente, la influencia de la ética ecológica para la preservación de los ecosistemas de alta biod...

Protection of large-stored-energy superconducting coils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kircher, F.

1975-11-01

When the stored energy of superconducting magnets increases, the problem of the protection of the coil when a quench occurs becomes more and more important, especially if the structure of the coil is such that the energy can be dissipated only in a small part of the coil. The aim of this paper is first to describe a program which enables to predict the increase of temperature inside the coil for several kinds of protection and to give results for KEK pulsed dipoles (under construction and planned for TRISTAN). (auth.)

Method of correcting eddy current magnetic fields in particle accelerator vacuum chambers

Science.gov (United States)

Danby, Gordon T.; Jackson, John W.

1991-01-01

A method for correcting magnetic field aberrations produced by eddy currents induced in a particle accelerator vacuum chamber housing is provided wherein correction windings are attached to selected positions on the housing and the windings are energized by transformer action from secondary coils, which coils are inductively coupled to the poles of electro-magnets that are powered to confine the charged particle beam within a desired orbit as the charged particles are accelerated through the vacuum chamber by a particle-driving rf field. The power inductively coupled to the secondary coils varies as a function of variations in the power supplied by the particle-accelerating rf field to a beam of particles accelerated through the vacuum chamber, so the current in the energized correction coils is effective to cancel eddy current flux fields that would otherwise be induced in the vacuum chamber by power variations in the particle beam.

Magnetic field systems employing a superconducting D.C. field coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartram, T.C.; Hazell, P.A.

1977-01-01

Method and equipment for transferring energy to or from a direct-current superconducting field coil to change the magnetic field generated by the coil in which a second direct-current superconducting coil is used as a storage coil, and energy transfer between the field coil and the storage coil is effected automatically in dependence upon a control program. Preferably, the control program acts upon a variable transformer which is coupled by respective rectifier/inverters to the field and storage coils and also serves for intital supply of energy to the coils

Lifetime cost effectiveness of a through-school nutrition and physical programme: Project Energize.

Science.gov (United States)

Rush, Elaine; Obolonkin, Victor; McLennan, Stephanie; Graham, David; Harris, James D; Mernagh, Paul; Weston, Adéle R

2014-01-01

Project Energize, a multicomponent through-school physical activity and nutrition programme, is delivered to all primary school children in the Waikato region. The programme aim is to improve the overall health and reduce the rate of weight gain of all Waikato primary school children. An existing economic model was used to extrapolate the programme effects, initial costs, lifetime health treatment cost structures, quality-adjusted-life-years gained and increased life expectancy to the general and Māori child population of New Zealand. In March 2011, a sample of 2474 younger (7.58 ± 0.57 years, mean ± SD) and 2330 older (10.30 ± 0.51 years) children (36% Māori) attending Energize schools had body mass index measured and compared using mixed effect modelling with unEnergized comparison children from 2004 and 2006 from the same region. In 2011 the median body mass index reduction compared with the comparison younger children was -0.504 (90% CI -0.435 to -0.663) kg/m(2) and in the older children -0.551 (-0.456 to -0.789) kg/m(2). In 2010 there were 42,067 children attending Energize schools and in the same year NZ$1,891,175 was spent to deliver the programme; a cost of $44.96/child/year. Compared to the comparison children the increment in cost/quality-adjusted-life-year gained was $30,438 for the younger and $24,690 for the older children, and lower for Māori (younger $28,241, older $22,151) and for the middle socioeconomic status schools ($23,211, $17,891). Project Energize would improve quality and length of life and when compared with other obesity prevention programmes previously assessed with this model, it would be relatively cost-effective from the health treatment payer's perspective.

DEVELOPMENT OF COILED TUBING STRESS ANALYSIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davorin Matanović

1998-12-01

Full Text Available The use of coiled tubing is increasing rapidly with drilling of horizontal wells. To satisfy all requirements (larger mechanical stresses, larger fluid capacities the production of larger sizes and better material qualities was developed. Stresses due to axial forces and pressures that coiled tubing is subjected are close to its performance limits. So it is really important to know and understand the behaviour of coiled tubing to avoid its break, burst or collapse in the well.

Design and Implementation of Energized Fracture Treatment in Tight Gas Sands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mukul Sharma; Kyle Friehauf

2009-12-31

Hydraulic fracturing is essential for producing gas and oil at an economic rate from low permeability sands. Most fracturing treatments use water and polymers with a gelling agent as a fracturing fluid. The water is held in the small pore spaces by capillary pressure and is not recovered when drawdown pressures are low. The un-recovered water leaves a water saturated zone around the fracture face that stops the flow of gas into the fracture. This is a particularly acute problem in low permeability formations where capillary pressures are high. Depletion (lower reservoir pressures) causes a limitation on the drawdown pressure that can be applied. A hydraulic fracturing process can be energized by the addition of a compressible, sometimes soluble, gas phase into the treatment fluid. When the well is produced, the energized fluid expands and gas comes out of solution. Energizing the fluid creates high gas saturation in the invaded zone, thereby facilitating gas flowback. A new compositional hydraulic fracturing model has been created (EFRAC). This is the first model to include changes in composition, temperature, and phase behavior of the fluid inside the fracture. An equation of state is used to evaluate the phase behavior of the fluid. These compositional effects are coupled with the fluid rheology, proppant transport, and mechanics of fracture growth to create a general model for fracture creation when energized fluids are used. In addition to the fracture propagation model, we have also introduced another new model for hydraulically fractured well productivity. This is the first and only model that takes into account both finite fracture conductivity and damage in the invaded zone in a simple analytical way. EFRAC was successfully used to simulate several fracture treatments in a gas field in South Texas. Based on production estimates, energized fluids may be required when drawdown pressures are smaller than the capillary forces in the formation. For this field

COMPASS magnetic field coils and structure systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crossland, R.T.; Booth, J.A.; Hayward, R.J.; Keogh, P.; Pratt, A.P.

1987-01-01

COMPASS is a new experimental toroidal assembly of compact design and with a wide range of physics objectives. It is required to operate either as a Tokamak or as a Reversed Field Pinch with interchangeable circular and dee-section vacuum vessels. The Toroidal field is produced by 16 rectangular coils of 4 turns with tapered conductors on the inside which nest together to form a vault to resist the centering forces. The coils are designed to produce a maximum field on axis of 2.1T which requires a current of 91 kA per turn. Two central solenoids and five pairs of coils symmetrically positioned above and below the machine equator provide the poloidal field. Both coil systems are supported form a mechanical support structure which surrounds the machine. This is primarily designed to resist out-of-plane forces on the TF coils but also acts as the base support for the PF coils and vacuum vessels. An illustration of the COMPASS Load Assembly is given and shows the D-shaped vacuum vessel, the major components and the various field windings

Force delivery of Ni-Ti coil springs.

Science.gov (United States)

Manhartsberger, C; Seidenbusch, W

1996-01-01

Sentalloy springs (GAC, Central Islip, N.Y.) of the open and closed type were investigated with a special designed device. The closed coil springs were subjected to a tensile and the open coil springs to a compression test. After a first measurement, the springs were activated for a period of 4 weeks and then reinvestigated with the same procedure. It could be shown distinctly that, with the different coil springs, the force delivery given by the producer could be achieved only within certain limits. To remain in the martensitic plateau, changed activation ranges, and for the Sentalloy coil springs white and red of the open and closed type, also changed force deliveries had to be taken into account. There was a distinct decrease in force delivery between the first and second measurement. After considering the loading curves of all the Sentalloy coil springs and choosing the right activation range respective to the force delivery, it was found that the coil springs deliver a superior clinical behavior and open new treatment possibilities.

Desarrollo e implantación de energías renovables: situación actual y tendencias

OpenAIRE

Picó Heras, Sergio

2002-01-01

En esta tesina se tratarán las posibilidades que ofrecen las energías renovables com base de una planificicación energética. El tema se enfocará tanto desde puntos de vista económicos, ambientales, técnicos, políticos, etc

Random coil chemical shift for intrinsically disordered proteins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjærgaard, Magnus; Brander, Søren; Poulsen, Flemming Martin

2011-01-01

. Temperature has a non-negligible effect on the (13)C random coil chemical shifts, so temperature coefficients are reported for the random coil chemical shifts to allow extrapolation to other temperatures. The pH dependence of the histidine random coil chemical shifts is investigated in a titration series......, which allows the accurate random coil chemical shifts to be obtained at any pH. By correcting the random coil chemical shifts for the effects of temperature and pH, systematic biases of the secondary chemical shifts are minimized, which will improve the reliability of detection of transient secondary...

Instrumentation and test of the Swiss LCT-coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zichy, J.A.; Horvath, I.; Jakob, B.; Marinucci, C.; Vecsey, G.; Weymuth, P.; Zellweger, J.

1985-01-01

Just before Christmas 1983 the fabrication of the Swiss LCT-coil was finished. Tests at ambient temperature were performed on the factory site and after delivery in Oak Ridge. To avoid an undesirable delay of the rescheduled Partial-Array Test it was agreed to install the coil without its superconducting bus. In July 1984 the Swiss LCT-coil was successfully cooled down to LHe temperature together with the other two fully installed coils. Besides the cooling system, the instrumentation, measured parameters of the coil and some preliminary results obtained during the ongoing Partial-Array Test are presented

Linear motor coil assembly and linear motor

NARCIS (Netherlands)

2009-01-01

An ironless linear motor (5) comprising a magnet track (53) and a coil assembly (50) operating in cooperation with said magnet track (53) and having a plurality of concentrated multi-turn coils (31 a-f, 41 a-d, 51 a-k), wherein the end windings (31E) of the coils (31 a-f, 41 a-e) are substantially

La elasticidad de la demanda por electricidad y la política energética

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Galetovic

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En el análisis y la práctica de la política energética se suele suponer que la elasticidad de la demanda por energía eléctrica es irrelevante. Este trabajo muestra que durante episodios de escasez de energía una “pequeña” elasticidad basta para generar caídas “grandes” de la probabilidad de déficit y del costo del abastecimiento eléctrico. Esto se debe a que en la vecindad de la capacidad del sistema, la oferta de energía de corto plazo es cercana a vertical. Ilustramos nuestro punto cuantitativamente simulando la operación esperada del sistema eléctrico chileno durante los años de ajuste a la crisis causada por los cortes de gas argentinos, el periodo 2006-2010. Mostramos que el aumento de los precios causado por el retraso de las inversiones y los cortes de gas argentino, combinado con una “pequeña” elasticidad de la demanda mensual por energía (0.0548 en valor absoluto eran suficientes para reducir mucho la probabilidad de déficit mensual y retornarla a niveles normales. Más aún, si se soslaya el efecto de los mayores precios en el consumo, el costo marginal se sobreestima en 32% y el costo de operación esperado en 41 por ciento.

Polymer therapeutics with a coiled coil motif targeted against murine BCL1 leukemia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pola, Robert; Laga, Richard; Ulbrich, Karel; Sieglová, Irena; Král, Vlastimil; Fábry, Milan; Kabešová, Martina; Kovář, Marek; Pechar, Michal

2013-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 3 (2013), s. 881-889 ISSN 1525-7797 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP301/11/0325; GA AV ČR IAAX00500803 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50520514 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 ; RVO:61388971 ; RVO:68378050 Keywords : coiled coil * polymer therapeutics * scFv Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry; EC - Immunology (MBU-M); EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology (UMG-J) Impact factor: 5.788, year: 2013

Rice Cellulose SynthaseA8 Plant-Conserved Region Is a Coiled-Coil at the Catalytic Core Entrance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rushton, Phillip S.; Olek, Anna T.; Makowski, Lee; Badger, John; Steussy, C. Nicklaus; Carpita, Nicholas C.; Stauffacher, Cynthia V. (NEU); (Purdue)

2016-11-22

The crystallographic structure of a rice (Oryza sativa) cellulose synthase, OsCesA8, plant-conserved region (P-CR), one of two unique domains in the catalytic domain of plant CesAs, was solved to 2.4 Å resolution. Two antiparallel α-helices form a coiled-coil domain linked by a large extended connector loop containing a conserved trio of aromatic residues. The P-CR structure was fit into a molecular envelope for the P-CR domain derived from small-angle X-ray scattering data. The P-CR structure and molecular envelope, combined with a homology-based chain trace of the CesA8 catalytic core, were modeled into a previously determined CesA8 small-angle X-ray scattering molecular envelope to produce a detailed topological model of the CesA8 catalytic domain. The predicted position for the P-CR domain from the molecular docking models places the P-CR connector loop into a hydrophobic pocket of the catalytic core, with the coiled-coil aligned near the entrance of the substrate UDP-glucose into the active site. In this configuration, the P-CR coiled-coil alone is unlikely to regulate substrate access to the active site, but it could interact with other domains of CesA, accessory proteins, or other CesA catalytic domains to control substrate delivery.

The first terawatt picosecond CO2 laser for advanced accelerator studies at the Brookhaven ATF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pogorelsky, I.V.; Ben-Zvi, I.; Skaritka, J.

1996-10-01

The first terawatt picosecond C0 2 laser system is under development at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility. Presently operational 1 Joule 100-ps ATF laser will be upgraded with a 10 atm amplifier capable of delivery ∼ 15 Joules of laser energy in a 3 ps pulse. We describe the design of the x-ray preionized 10 atm amplifier of a 10 liter active volume energized by a 1 MV, 200 kA transverse electric discharge. The amplifier, equipped with internal optics, permits the accommodation of a regenerative stage and a multi-pass booster in a relatively compact single discharge volume. The ATF terawatt C0 2 laser shall become operational in 1997 to serve for laser acceleration, x-ray generation and other strong-field physics experiments

Dissociation of molecular iodine in RF discharge for oxygen-iodine laser

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jirásek, Vít; Schmiedberger, Josef; Čenský, Miroslav; Kodymová, Jarmila

2012-01-01

Roč. 66, č. 4 (2012), 1-6 ISSN 1434-6060 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/09/0310 Grant - others:European Office for Aerospace R&D(XE) FA8655-09-1-3092 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100523 Keywords : molecular iodine * RF discharge * dissociation * oxygen-iodine laser * COIL Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 1.513, year: 2012

Wireless energizing system for an automated implantable sensor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swain, Biswaranjan; Nayak, Praveen P.; Kar, Durga P.; Bhuyan, Satyanarayan; Mishra, Laxmi P. [Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030 (India)

2016-07-15

The wireless drive of an automated implantable electronic sensor has been explored for health monitoring applications. The proposed system comprises of an automated biomedical sensing system which is energized through resonant inductive coupling. The implantable sensor unit is able to monitor the body temperature parameter and sends back the corresponding telemetry data wirelessly to the data recoding unit. It has been observed that the wireless power delivery system is capable of energizing the automated biomedical implantable electronic sensor placed over a distance of 3 cm from the power transmitter with an energy transfer efficiency of 26% at the operating resonant frequency of 562 kHz. This proposed method ensures real-time monitoring of different human body temperatures around the clock. The monitored temperature data have been compared with a calibrated temperature measurement system to ascertain the accuracy of the proposed system. The investigated technique can also be useful for monitoring other body parameters such as blood pressure, bladder pressure, and physiological signals of the patient in vivo using various implantable sensors.

Wireless energizing system for an automated implantable sensor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swain, Biswaranjan; Nayak, Praveen P.; Kar, Durga P.; Bhuyan, Satyanarayan; Mishra, Laxmi P.

2016-01-01

The wireless drive of an automated implantable electronic sensor has been explored for health monitoring applications. The proposed system comprises of an automated biomedical sensing system which is energized through resonant inductive coupling. The implantable sensor unit is able to monitor the body temperature parameter and sends back the corresponding telemetry data wirelessly to the data recoding unit. It has been observed that the wireless power delivery system is capable of energizing the automated biomedical implantable electronic sensor placed over a distance of 3 cm from the power transmitter with an energy transfer efficiency of 26% at the operating resonant frequency of 562 kHz. This proposed method ensures real-time monitoring of different human body temperatures around the clock. The monitored temperature data have been compared with a calibrated temperature measurement system to ascertain the accuracy of the proposed system. The investigated technique can also be useful for monitoring other body parameters such as blood pressure, bladder pressure, and physiological signals of the patient in vivo using various implantable sensors.

Wireless energizing system for an automated implantable sensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Swain, Biswaranjan; Nayak, Praveen P; Kar, Durga P; Bhuyan, Satyanarayan; Mishra, Laxmi P

2016-07-01

The wireless drive of an automated implantable electronic sensor has been explored for health monitoring applications. The proposed system comprises of an automated biomedical sensing system which is energized through resonant inductive coupling. The implantable sensor unit is able to monitor the body temperature parameter and sends back the corresponding telemetry data wirelessly to the data recoding unit. It has been observed that the wireless power delivery system is capable of energizing the automated biomedical implantable electronic sensor placed over a distance of 3 cm from the power transmitter with an energy transfer efficiency of 26% at the operating resonant frequency of 562 kHz. This proposed method ensures real-time monitoring of different human body temperatures around the clock. The monitored temperature data have been compared with a calibrated temperature measurement system to ascertain the accuracy of the proposed system. The investigated technique can also be useful for monitoring other body parameters such as blood pressure, bladder pressure, and physiological signals of the patient in vivo using various implantable sensors.

The coiled-coil domain of MURC/cavin-4 is involved in membrane trafficking of caveolin-3 in cardiomyocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Naito, Daisuke; Ogata, Takehiro; Hamaoka, Tetsuro; Nakanishi, Naohiko; Miyagawa, Kotaro; Maruyama, Naoki; Kasahara, Takeru; Taniguchi, Takuya; Nishi, Masahiro; Matoba, Satoaki; Ueyama, Tomomi

2015-12-15

Muscle-restricted coiled-coil protein (MURC), also referred to as cavin-4, is a member of the cavin family that works cooperatively with caveolins in caveola formation and function. Cavins are cytoplasmic proteins with coiled-coil domains and form heteromeric complexes, which are recruited to caveolae in cells expressing caveolins. Among caveolins, caveolin-3 (Cav3) is exclusively expressed in muscle cells, similar to MURC/cavin-4. In the heart, Cav3 overexpression contributes to cardiac protection, and its deficiency leads to progressive cardiomyopathy. Mutations in the MURC/cavin-4 gene have been identified in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. In the present study, we show the role of MURC/cavin-4 as a caveolar component in the heart. In H9c2 cells, MURC/cavin-4 was localized at the plasma membrane, whereas a MURC/cavin-4 mutant lacking the coiled-coil domain (ΔCC) was primarily localized to the cytoplasm. ΔCC bound to Cav3 and impaired membrane localization of Cav3 in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, although ΔCC did not alter Cav3 mRNA expression, ΔCC decreased the Cav3 protein level. MURC/cavin-4 and ΔCC similarly induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; however, ΔCC showed higher hypertrophy-related fetal gene expression than MURC/cavin-4. ΔCC induced ERK activation in cardiomyocytes. Transgenic mice expressing ΔCC in the heart (ΔCC-Tg mice) showed impaired cardiac function accompanied by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and marked interstitial fibrosis. Hearts from ΔCC-Tg mice showed a reduction of the Cav3 protein level and activation of ERK. These results suggest that MURC/cavin-4 requires its coiled-coil domain to target the plasma membrane and to stabilize Cav3 at the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and that MURC/cavin-4 functions as a crucial caveolar component to regulate cardiac function. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

Manufacturing Development of the NCSX Modular Coil Windings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chrzanowski, JH; Fogarty, PJ; Heitzenroeder, PJ; Meighan, T.; Nelson, B.; Raftopoulos, S.; Williamson, D.

2005-01-01

The modular coils on the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) present a number of significant engineering challenges due to their complex shapes, requirements for high dimensional accuracy and the high current density required in the modular coils due to space constraints. In order to address these challenges, an R and D program was established to develop the conductor, insulation scheme, manufacturing techniques, and procedures. A prototype winding named Twisted Racetrack Coil (TRC) was of particular importance in dealing with these challenges. The TRC included a complex shaped winding form, conductor, insulation scheme, leads and termination, cooling system and coil clamps typical of the modular coil design. Even though the TRC is smaller in size than a modular coil, its similar complex geometry provided invaluable information in developing the final design, metrology techniques and development of manufacturing procedures. In addition a discussion of the development of the copper rope conductor including ''Keystoning'' concerns; the epoxy impregnation system (VPI) plus the tooling and equipment required to manufacture the modular coils will be presented

Final Scientific and Technical Report - Practical Fiber Delivered Laser Ignition Systems for Vehicles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yalin, Azer [Seaforth, LLC

2014-03-30

Research has characterized advanced kagome fiber optics for their use in laser ignition systems. In comparison to past fibers used in laser ignition, these fibers have the important advantage of being relatively bend-insensitivity, so that they can be bent and coiled without degradation of output energy or beam quality. The results are very promising for practical systems. For pulse durations of ~12 ns, the fibers could deliver >~10 mJ pulses before damage onset. A study of pulse duration showed that by using longer pulse duration (~20 – 30 ns), it is possible to carry even higher pulse energy (by factor of ~2-3) which also provides future opportunities to implement longer duration sources. Beam quality measurements showed nearly single-mode output from the kagome fibers (i.e. M2 close to 1) which is the optimum possible value and, combined with their high pulse energy, shows the suitability of the fibers for laser ignition. Research has also demonstrated laser ignition of an engine including reliable (100%) ignition of a single-cylinder gasoline engine using the laser ignition system with bent and coiled kagome fiber. The COV of IMEP was <2% which is favorable for stable engine operation. These research results, along with the continued reduction in cost of laser sources, support our commercial development of practical laser ignition systems.

Deep brain transcranial magnetic stimulation using variable "Halo coil" system

Science.gov (United States)

Meng, Y.; Hadimani, R. L.; Crowther, L. J.; Xu, Z.; Qu, J.; Jiles, D. C.

2015-05-01

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation has the potential to treat various neurological disorders non-invasively and safely. The "Halo coil" configuration can stimulate deeper regions of the brain with lower surface to deep-brain field ratio compared to other coil configurations. The existing "Halo coil" configuration is fixed and is limited in varying the site of stimulation in the brain. We have developed a new system based on the current "Halo coil" design along with a graphical user interface system that enables the larger coil to rotate along the transverse plane. The new system can also enable vertical movement of larger coil. Thus, this adjustable "Halo coil" configuration can stimulate different regions of the brain by adjusting the position and orientation of the larger coil on the head. We have calculated magnetic and electric fields inside a MRI-derived heterogeneous head model for various positions and orientations of the coil. We have also investigated the mechanical and thermal stability of the adjustable "Halo coil" configuration for various positions and orientations of the coil to ensure safe operation of the system.

Large magnetic coils for fusion technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komarek, P.; Ulbricht, A.

1989-01-01

This paper reviews the current status of research in this field and outlines future tasks and experiments for the Next European Torus (NET). Research and development work accomplished so far permits generation and safe operation of magnetic fields up to 9 T by means of NbTi coils. Fields up to 11 T are feasible if the coils are cooled with superfluid helium at 1.8 K. The potential of the Nb 3 Sn coils promise achievement of magnetic fields between 12 and 13 T. (MM) [de

Structural mapping of the coiled-coil domain of a bacterial condensin and comparative analyses across all domains of life suggest conserved features of SMC proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Waldman, Vincent M; Stanage, Tyler H; Mims, Alexandra; Norden, Ian S; Oakley, Martha G

2015-06-01

The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins form the cores of multisubunit complexes that are required for the segregation and global organization of chromosomes in all domains of life. These proteins share a common domain structure in which N- and C- terminal regions pack against one another to form a globular ATPase domain. This "head" domain is connected to a central, globular, "hinge" or dimerization domain by a long, antiparallel coiled coil. To date, most efforts for structural characterization of SMC proteins have focused on the globular domains. Recently, however, we developed a method to map interstrand interactions in the 50-nm coiled-coil domain of MukB, the divergent SMC protein found in γ-proteobacteria. Here, we apply that technique to map the structure of the Bacillus subtilis SMC (BsSMC) coiled-coil domain. We find that, in contrast to the relatively complicated coiled-coil domain of MukB, the BsSMC domain is nearly continuous, with only two detectable coiled-coil interruptions. Near the middle of the domain is a break in coiled-coil structure in which there are three more residues on the C-terminal strand than on the N-terminal strand. Close to the head domain, there is a second break with a significantly longer insertion on the same strand. These results provide an experience base that allows an informed interpretation of the output of coiled-coil prediction algorithms for this family of proteins. A comparison of such predictions suggests that these coiled-coil deviations are highly conserved across SMC types in a wide variety of organisms, including humans. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Análisis de alternativas tecnológicas y energéticas para el sistema metroplús bajo una evaluación integrada energía, ambiente, economía

OpenAIRE

Alzate, Juan M; Builes, Luis A; Rave, Claudia C.; Smith, Ricardo A.; Cadena, Ángela I.

2008-01-01

Con un modelo de optimización multi­periodo, basado en programación lineal, y de tipo integrado Energía­Ambiente­Economía (MARKAL­Estándar), se estimaron impactos económicos, energéticos y ambientales de cinco alternativas tecnológicas para la flota de buses que atenderá la demanda de movilidad del sistema de transporte masivo de pasajeros, de mediana capacidad, del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá (Medellín – Colombia) ­Sistema Metroplús­. Las alternativa...

Low-concentrated solar-pumped laser via transverse excitation fiber-laser geometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Masuda, Taizo; Iyoda, Mitsuhiro; Yasumatsu, Yuta; Endo, Masamori

2017-09-01

We demonstrate an extremely low-concentrated solar-pumped laser (SPL) using a fiber laser with transverse excitation geometry. A low concentration factor is highly desired in SPLs to eliminate the need for precise solar tracking and to considerably increase the practical applications of SPL technology. In this Letter, we have exploited the intrinsic low-loss property of silica fibers to compensate for the extremely low gain coefficient of the weakly pumped active medium. A 40 m long Nd 3+ -doped fiber coil is packed in a ring-shaped chamber filled with a sensitizer solution. We demonstrated a lasing threshold that is 15 times the concentration of natural sunlight and two orders of magnitude smaller than those of conventional SPLs.

Avaliação do desempenho energético de um grande edifício de serviços existente

OpenAIRE

Garrido, Diogo Emanuel da Silva

2013-01-01

Nesta dissertação pretende-se caracterizar o desempenho energético de um grande edifício de serviços existente, da tipologia ensino, avaliar e identificar potenciais medidas que melhorem aquele desempenho, permitindo, em complemento, determinar a sua classificação energética no âmbito da legislação vigente. A pertinência do estudo prende-se com a avaliação do desempenho energético dos edifícios e com o estudo de medidas de melhoria que permitam incrementar a eficiência energéti...

Dual levitated coils for antihydrogen production

Science.gov (United States)

Wofford, J. D.; Ordonez, C. A.

2013-04-01

Two coaxial superconducting magnetic coils that carry currents in the same direction and that are simultaneously levitated may serve for antihydrogen plasma confinement. The configuration may be suitable for use by a collaboration at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator facility to test fundamental symmetries between the properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen. Nested Penning traps are currently used to confine recombining antihydrogen plasma. Symmetry studies require the production of sufficiently cold antihydrogen. However, plasma drifts within nested Penning traps can increase the kinetic energy of antiprotons that form antihydrogen atoms. Dual levitated coils may serve to confine relatively large, cold, dense non-drifting recombining antihydrogen plasmas. A minimum-B magnetic field that is produced by the coils could provide for atom trapping. A toroidal plasma is confined between the coils. High density plasmas may be possible, by allowing plasma pressure to balance mechanical pressure to keep the coils apart. Progress is reported on theoretical and experimental efforts. The theoretical effort includes the development of a classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulation of confinement. The experimental effort includes levitation of a NdFeB permanent ring magnet, which produces a magnetic field that is qualitatively similar to the field that would be produced by the two coaxial superconducting magnetic coils. Liquid-nitrogen-cooled Bi-2223 high-temperature-superconducting components, with a critical temperature of 108 K, were used to levitate the ring magnet. An issue concerning keeping the plane of the levitated ring horizontal is discussed.

Surge analysis of the MAGLEV coil for propulsion and guidance; Jiki fujoshiki tetsudo ni okeru suitei annaiyo coil no surge kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ema, S [Numazu College of Technology, Shizuoka (Japan)

1995-11-20

The MAGLEV (magnetically levitated train) is now well along in development testing in Japan. MAGLEV is unlike conventional railways, so various problems lie in the technology of MAGLEV. One of them is surge analysis of the MAGLEV coil for propulsion and guidance (`coil for propulsion` for short). The coil for propulsion is installed on each side of the outdoor guideway. Thus, the power system of MAGLEV is always exposed to lightning and circuit switching. Accordingly, it is very important to do a rational insulation plan to prevent damage when surges enter the coils. In view of this situation I performed experiments using the mini model coils and clarified impulse voltage distribution at the end of each coil and simulated the surge characteristics by giving the inverted L equivalent circuit to the coil for propulsion. As a result, the measured values and calculated values were almost equal in the surge characteristics. Further, the surge characteristics of the Miyazaki test track and the future MAGLEV were examined. 10 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.

Coil Array Design Inspired on the Kepler's Lenten Pretzel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vazquez, F.; Solis, S. E.; Rodriguez, A. O.

2008-01-01

The RF coil arrays are an important part in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, since they are the main device for transmission and reception of the magnetic resonance signal. An RF coil array with a new configuration based on the Kepler's Lenten pretzel for the geocentric path of Mars is proposed in this work. The evenly distributed trajectories may serve as the basic configuration to form a coil array to adequately cover a region of interest for magnetic resonance experiments. The main goal is to investigate the electromagnetic properties of this coil array geometry to obtain an optimal design for its further construction. Hence, the electromagnetic properties of the coil array were numerical simulated using the finite element method and the quasi-static approach. Resulting simulations showed that there is an important concentration of magnetic field lines at the centre of the coil array. This is an advantage over other coil arrays where the magnetic field usually decreased at their geometrical centre. Both the electric and magnetic fields had also a very good uniformity. These characteristics made this coil design a good candidate for applications where the use of multi-coil technology is mandatory

Three-axis orthogonal transceiver coil for eddy current sounding

Science.gov (United States)

Sukhanov, D.; Zavyalova, K.; Goncharik, M.

2017-08-01

We propose the new structure of three-axis transceiver magnetic-induction coil for eddy current probing. Due to the orientation of the coils, the direct signal from the transmitting coil to the receiving coil is minimized, which provided a high dynamic range. Sensitivity in all directions is provided by combining coils of different orientations. Numerical simulation and experimental studies of such a system have been carried out and confirmed the applicability of the proposed method and the mathematical model.

Tolerance Evaluation of Poloidal Shear Keys for ITER TF Coil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fu Youkun; Neil, M.; Cees Jong

2006-01-01

There are 18 ITER Toroidal Field (TF) Coils. Unlike the other ITER coils, these coils are structurally linked. These links consist of friction between the coil legs in the central vault formed by the inner straight legs of the coils, four outer inter-coil structures (OIS) and one inner inter-coil structure (IIS). The OIS consists essentially of bands around all 18 coils to provide shear support by forming shear panels with the coil case, and the IIS consists of poloidal circular keys placed directly between the coil cases. Global analysis of the 'perfect' coil shape has shown high stresses in the IIS, in the poloidal keyways. Optimization has successfully reduced these stresses to acceptable values as regards the expected fatigue resistance. However it is necessary to confirm that the stresses are still acceptable when realistic values of geometry variations are included (i.e. the effect of coil and case tolerances). Because of the extensive mechanical links between coils the poloidal key stresses can also be affected by tolerances elsewhere in the case. As the first step in assessment of the possible variations in stresses, a substructure technique is being used to develop a local model of the key region. The result of geometry variations between individual coils is a loss in the 18 fold symmetry used to simplify previous analyses. With the new and optimized model it should be possible to relax the 18-fold symmetry, but a full analysis of all 18 coils is still not possible. Systematic ways of representing the tolerance variation in the finite element model have been developed so that parametric studies can be undertaken without a full reconstruction of the model. (author)