Antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of aerial parts of delphinium uncinatum hook's and thoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zahoor, M.; Khan, N.

2014-01-01

Methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Delphinium uncinatum Hook's and Thoms were analysed for its antibacterial activities aligned to two gram positive bacterial strains, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and two gram negative bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Klebsilla pneumonia, using Agar Well Diffusion method. Bactericidal activity was observed against both gram negative and gram positive bacterial strains. Extracts used were more active against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at all prepared concentrations but lesser against Klebsilla pneumonia. (author)

Antibacterial evaluation of Anacardium occidentale (Linn ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aghomotsegin

Química Nova. 30(2):374-381. Gonçalves GMS, Gobbo J (2012). Antimicrobial Effect of Anacardium. Occidentale Extract and Cosmetic Formulation Development. Braz. Arc. Biol. Technol. 55(6): 843-850. Matos FJA (1997). Introdução à fitoquímica experimental. UFC Edições. pp. 44-46. Melo AFM, Santos EJV, Souza LFC, ...

Protective role of Delphinium denudatum (Jadwar) against morphine induced tolerance and dependence in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Zafar, S; Ahmad, M A; Siddiqui, T A

2001-11-01

Chronic treatment with Delphinium denudatum (Dd) (Jadwar) (family: Ranunculaceae, 200-1600 mg/kg) suppressed morphine withdrawal jumps in a dose-dependent manner, a sign of the development of dependence to opiate as assessed by naloxone (2 mg/kg) precipitation withdrawal on day 10 of testing in mice. Repeated administration of Dd (200-1600 mg/kg) for 9 days attenuated the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine (10 mg/kg), also produces significant change in tail-flick latency from the saline pretreated group in a dose-dependent manner.

Leishmanicidal Activity of Nine Novel Flavonoids from Delphinium staphisagria

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Inmaculada Ramírez-Macías

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objectives. To evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of nine flavonoid derivatives from Delphinium staphisagria against L. infantum and L. braziliensis. Design and Methods. The in vitro activity of compounds 1–9 was assayed on extracellular promastigote and axenic amastigote forms and on intracellular amastigote forms of the parasites. Infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried on J774.2 macrophage cells using Glucantime as the reference drug. The mechanisms of action were analysed performing metabolite excretion and transmission electronic microscope ultrastructural alteration studies. Results. Nine flavonoids showed leishmanicidal activity against promastigote as well as amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis. These compounds were nontoxic to mammalian cells and were effective at similar concentrations up to or lower than that of the reference drug (Glucantime. The results showed that 2″-acetylpetiolaroside (compound 8 was clearly the most active. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that flavonoid derivatives are active against L. infantum and L. braziliensis.

Potentiation of the antiinflammatory effect of Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) stem-bark aqueous extract by grapefruit juice.

Science.gov (United States)

Ojewole, J A O

2004-04-01

In an attempt to scientifically appraise some of the ethnomedical uses of Anacardium occidentale Linn. (family: Anacardiaceae), the present study was undertaken to examine the antiinflammatory effect of the plant's stem-bark aqueous extract in rats. Young adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used. The antiinflammatory effect of A. occidentale stem-bark aqueous extract alone and in combination with grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) juice was investigated on fresh egg albumin-induced rat paw edema. Like diclofenac (100 mg/kg p.o.), aqueous extract of A. occidentale stem-bark (800 mg/kg p.o.) produced time-related, sustained and significant reduction (p extract was found to be approximately 8-15 times less than that of diclofenac. Coadministration of grapefruit juice (5 ml/kg p.o.) with A. occidentale stem-bark aqueous extract (800 mg/kg p.o.) or diclofenac (100 mg/kg p.o.) significantly potentiated (p extract and diclofenac on fresh egg albumin-induced rat paw edema. Although A. occidentale stem-bark aqueous extract is less potent than diclofenac as an antiinflammatory agent, the results of this experimental animal study indicate that the plant extract possesses antiinflammatory activity, and thus lend pharmacological support to the folkloric use of the plant in the management and/or control of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions among the Yoruba-speaking people of western Nigeria.

Essential oils in the ranunculaceae family: chemical composition of hydrodistilled oils from Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum seeds.

Science.gov (United States)

Kokoska, Ladislav; Urbanova, Klara; Kloucek, Pavel; Nedorostova, Lenka; Polesna, Lucie; Malik, Jan; Jiros, Pavel; Havlik, Jaroslav; Vadlejch, Jaroslav; Valterova, Irena

2012-01-01

In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of volatile oils hydrodistilled from seeds of Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum using GC and GC/MS. In C. regalis, octadecenoic (77.79%) and hexadecanoic acid (8.34%) were the main constituents. Similarly, the oils from D. elatum and N. hispanica seeds consisted chiefly of octadecadienoic (42.83 and 35.58%, resp.), hexadecanoic (23.87 and 28.59%, resp.), and octadecenoic acid (21.67 and 19.76%, resp.). Contrastingly, the monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (34.67%) and β-pinene (36.42%) were the main components of N. nigellastrum essential oil. Our results confirm the presence of essential oils in the family Ranunculaceae and suggest chemotaxonomical relationships within the representatives of the genera Consolida, Delphinium, and Nigella. In addition, the presence of various bioactive constituents such as linoleic acid, (-)-β-pinene, squalene, or carotol in seeds of D. elatum, N. hispanica, and N. nigellastrum indicates a possible industrial use of these plants. Copyright © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.

L'implication Des Puissances Occidentales Dans Les Processus De ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'implication Des Puissances Occidentales Dans Les Processus De Démocratisation En Afrique: Analyse Des Actions Américaine Et Française Au Cameroun (1989-1997). Martin Dieudonné Ebolo. Abstract. No Abstract African Journal of Political Science Vol.4(2) 1999: 46-88. Full Text: EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL ...

Anthelmintic efficacy of cashew (Anarcadium occidentale L.) on in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jane

2011-08-24

Aug 24, 2011 ... The use of plants for the treatment of human and animal diseases continues to rise although there are few studies providing proof of these effects. Among them is the Anacardium occidentale L., popularly known as cashew. In vitro egg hatch and larval development and viability assays was conducted to.

Influence of gamma radiation on the antioxidant action extracts from leaves of gross Anacardium occidentale Linn; Influencia da radiacao gama na acao antioxidante de extratos brutos de folhas de Anacardium occidentale Linn.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Gustavo Henrique Farias dos; Silva, Edvane Borges da; Amaral, Ademir de Jesus [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (GERAR/DEN/UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Energia Nuclear. Grupo de Estudos em Radioprotecao e Radioecologia; Lima, Claudia Sampaio de Andrade [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Biofisica e Radiobiologia

2014-07-01

Anacardium occidentale Linn. is popularly known as cashew plant, found in Northeastern Brazil, is of great scientific interest because it contains high levels of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, which characterize their applications as natural antioxidants, which can contribute to protect against oxidative processes in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of {sup 60}Co gamma irradiation in the antioxidant action of the extracts of leaves of A. occidentale. The extracts of A. occidentale were extracted with 70% ethanol, evaporated under reduced pressure and divided into samples control and irradiation at 10 kGy. Subsequently analyzing the kidnapping of radical DPPH (concentrations of 6.25; 12.5; 25; 50; 100 and 200 ppm) and reducing power (concentrations of 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 600; 800 and 1000 ppm). The results showed increased antioxidant actions dependent on the concentration and dose of 10 kGy in both assays. However, the kidnapping of DPPH activity showed variations from 50% to 92% for control, and 75% and 100% for irradiated. It is observed that the irradiated samples showed maximum activity (100%) in a 4-fold lower concentration (50 ppm) than the control samples. Featuring EC{sub 50} of standards BHT (235.8%) and vitamin C (63.5%) was very low compared with control extracts (8.1%) and irradiated (0.48). However the results obtained in this study indicate that extracts of leaves of A. occidentale irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy exhibit strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and power reducer, this paves its use as a natural source of antioxidants.

Morphological features of Delphinium sergii Wissjul. leaves in ontogeny

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А.M. Gnatiuk

2016-06-01

Full Text Available There are represented results of the study on leaf shape and its morphological diversity of the Delphinium sergii Wissjul. which is an endemic species of Eastern Black Sea Coast and was introduced in the culture at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine. It is found that D. sergii is characterized by heterophylly and morphological variability of leaf blades which is manifested during ontogeny, in process of formation of its vegetative and generative shoots. The correlation of the dissection degree of the leaf blades with their formation and age has been established. More deeply dissected leaves are «older» while with complete laminas are more «younger». During the ontogenesis firstly occurs the complication of a simple lamina in seedlings by its division into segments. And, as a result, along the shoot the complication from lower to middle formations and further simplification of leaf structure in upper formation in generative individuals is observed. Formation of different by shape leaves in individuals of the same age stage as well as of the same age depends from conditions of lighting, soil moisture, crop density, and genetic heterogeneity, and therefore – from morphological plasticity of individuals in different conditions of growth.

Interaction of gamma radiation on the functionality of the molluscicidal extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Gustavo Henrique Farias dos [Grupo de Estudos em Radioprotecao e Radioecologia (GERAR) . Departamento de Energia Nuclear. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil); Silva, Edvane Borges da [Centro Academico de Vitoria. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE (Brazil); Amorim, Elba Lucia C.; Peixoto Sobrinho, Tadeu J.S., E-mail: elba@ufpe.br [Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil); Melo, Ana Maria Mendonca de Albuquerque; Lima, Claudia Sampaio de Andrade [Departamento de Biofisica e Radiobiologia. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Biological control of Biomphalaria glabrata that is the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, through molluscicides has been an alternative against schistosomiasis. Many studies have been developed to obtain molluscicide products, from plants. Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew), a plant rich in phenolic compounds shows molluscicidal activity in earlier assays. However there is an interest of enhancing the action of bioactive substances in order to use it in small concentrations, reducing costs in their utilization. This study were conducted using ethanolic extracts of bark and leaves of A. occidentale, before and after exposure to gamma radiation from {sup 60}Co, checking their secondary metabolites, their biological activity against Biomphalaria glabrata and environmental toxicity. The extracts of A. occidentale were obtained by cold maceration in 70% ethanol, filtered, dried and divided into two experimental groups: control (0 kGy) and irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy. The quantification of metabolites was performed in six replicates for the determination of total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteau method and tannins, the precipitation of casein. Tests for biological control of embryos and adults of B. glabrata snails and assessment of environmental toxicity (using Artemia salina larvae) were performed in triplicate, following a period of 24 hours of exposure to extracts at a concentration of 100 mg/L and its respective controls. Data were expressed as percentages of means and standard deviations. The results showed that the gamma radiation from {sup 60}Co resulted in leaf extracts, increased levels of total phenols and tannins, which enhanced the lethality for embryos and adults of B. glabrata. There was a reduction of the toxicity of leaf extracts after irradiation in the Artemia salina. Since in extracts of bark, gamma radiation did not alter the levels of total phenols and tannins, however, it was noted potentiation of lethality of adult snails of B. glabrata. The

Interaction of gamma radiation on the functionality of the molluscicidal extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Gustavo Henrique Farias dos; Silva, Edvane Borges da; Amorim, Elba Lucia C.; Peixoto Sobrinho, Tadeu J.S.; Melo, Ana Maria Mendonca de Albuquerque; Lima, Claudia Sampaio de Andrade

2011-01-01

Biological control of Biomphalaria glabrata that is the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, through molluscicides has been an alternative against schistosomiasis. Many studies have been developed to obtain molluscicide products, from plants. Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew), a plant rich in phenolic compounds shows molluscicidal activity in earlier assays. However there is an interest of enhancing the action of bioactive substances in order to use it in small concentrations, reducing costs in their utilization. This study were conducted using ethanolic extracts of bark and leaves of A. occidentale, before and after exposure to gamma radiation from 60 Co, checking their secondary metabolites, their biological activity against Biomphalaria glabrata and environmental toxicity. The extracts of A. occidentale were obtained by cold maceration in 70% ethanol, filtered, dried and divided into two experimental groups: control (0 kGy) and irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy. The quantification of metabolites was performed in six replicates for the determination of total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteau method and tannins, the precipitation of casein. Tests for biological control of embryos and adults of B. glabrata snails and assessment of environmental toxicity (using Artemia salina larvae) were performed in triplicate, following a period of 24 hours of exposure to extracts at a concentration of 100 mg/L and its respective controls. Data were expressed as percentages of means and standard deviations. The results showed that the gamma radiation from 60 Co resulted in leaf extracts, increased levels of total phenols and tannins, which enhanced the lethality for embryos and adults of B. glabrata. There was a reduction of the toxicity of leaf extracts after irradiation in the Artemia salina. Since in extracts of bark, gamma radiation did not alter the levels of total phenols and tannins, however, it was noted potentiation of lethality of adult snails of B. glabrata. The analysis

Influence of gamma radiation on the antioxidant action extracts from leaves of gross Anacardium occidentale Linn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Gustavo Henrique Farias dos; Silva, Edvane Borges da; Amaral, Ademir de Jesus; Lima, Claudia Sampaio de Andrade

2014-01-01

Anacardium occidentale Linn. is popularly known as cashew plant, found in Northeastern Brazil, is of great scientific interest because it contains high levels of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, which characterize their applications as natural antioxidants, which can contribute to protect against oxidative processes in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 60 Co gamma irradiation in the antioxidant action of the extracts of leaves of A. occidentale. The extracts of A. occidentale were extracted with 70% ethanol, evaporated under reduced pressure and divided into samples control and irradiation at 10 kGy. Subsequently analyzing the kidnapping of radical DPPH (concentrations of 6.25; 12.5; 25; 50; 100 and 200 ppm) and reducing power (concentrations of 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 600; 800 and 1000 ppm). The results showed increased antioxidant actions dependent on the concentration and dose of 10 kGy in both assays. However, the kidnapping of DPPH activity showed variations from 50% to 92% for control, and 75% and 100% for irradiated. It is observed that the irradiated samples showed maximum activity (100%) in a 4-fold lower concentration (50 ppm) than the control samples. Featuring EC 50 of standards BHT (235.8%) and vitamin C (63.5%) was very low compared with control extracts (8.1%) and irradiated (0.48). However the results obtained in this study indicate that extracts of leaves of A. occidentale irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy exhibit strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and power reducer, this paves its use as a natural source of antioxidants

Assessment of Phenolic Compounds and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethyl Acetate Phase of Anacardium occidentale L. Bark

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Marina Suênia de Araújo Vilar

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The bark of A. occidentale L. is rich in tannins. Studies have described various biological activities of the plant, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic and antiinflammatory actions. The objective of this study was to assess the activity of the ethyl acetate phase (EtOAc of A. occidentale on acute inflammation and to identify and quantify its phenolic compounds by HPLC. The method was validated and shown to be linear, precise and accurate for catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallic acid. Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus were treated with saline, Carrageenan (2.5%, Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, Bradykinin (6 nmol and Prostaglandine E2 (5 µg at different concentrations of EtOAc - A. occidentale (12.5; 25; 50; and 100 mg/kg/weight p.o. for the paw edema test. Challenge was performed with carrageenan (500 µg/mL i.p. for the doses 50 and 100 mg/kg of EtOAc. Levels of cytokines IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were also measured. All EtOAc - A. occidentale concentrations reduced the edema. At 50 and 100 mg/kg, an anti-inflammatory response of the EtOAc was observed. Carrageenan stimulus produced a neutrophil count of 28.6% while 50 and 100 mg/kg of the phase reduced this to 14.5% and 9.1%, respectively. The EtOAc extract reduced levels of IL-1 and TNF-α. These results suggest that the EtOAc plays a modulatory role in the inflammatory response. The chromatographic method can be used for the analysis of the phenolic compounds of the EtOAc phase.

Morphological features of Delphinium sergii Wissjul. ex situ in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden

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Alla M. Gnatiuk

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Delphinium sergii Wissjul. is an endemic of eastern coast of Black Sea. It is listed in Red book of Ukraine with conservation status “vulnerable” (Didukh 2009. It grows mainly in eastern part of Ukraine in nature and is not typical for the Kyiv region. It is a perennial plant with bright blue flowers. The individuals of this specie are cultivated in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden during last 15 years. The results of the study of ontogenetic development and morphological diversity show that D. sergii is characterized by heterophylly and common morphological variability of leaf blade. The correlation of degree between leaf blade dissection and their formation and age was established. Dissected leaves are found to be “older” while with entire laminas – “younger”. Formation of different leaves in individuals of the same age states their dependence from lighting, soil moisture, crop density, genetic heterogeneity and plasticity of individuals in different conditions of growth. We observed a difference in terms of passing through ontogenetic stages among the individuals too. Our investigation established that the individuals of D. sergii ex situ can accelerate the ontogenetic development and reach the generative stage for just 2 years. The juvenile period in some individuals may last for just one growing season. It is noted that under the unfavorable factors (thickened crops, drought, and shading development of D. sergii individuals became slower. This species can be reproduced both by seed and vegetative. Propagation by seeds is the main way for distribution of these plants. Vegetative reproduction could be realized by particulation of individuals at g and ss stages. In Кyiv region D. sergii is blooming in June-July. Delphinium is well known as such representing the “bee-flowers syndrome”. According to our observations the main pollinators of D. sergii in conditions of our botanical garden were Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli

Lipids Characterization and Industrial Potentials of Pumpkin Seeds (Telfairia occidentalis and Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale

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E. O. Eddy

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Oil from Telfaria occidentalis and Anarcardium occidentale has been extracted and characterized. The lipid content of the Telfaria occidentalis and Anarcardium occidentalis were 58.41% and 42.15% respectively. The physicochemical parameters of Telfaria occidentalis and Anarcardium occidentale seeds were; boiling point; (58.90, 62.60 °C, melting point; (18.50, 21.80 °C, refractive index; (1.462, 1.498, specific gravity; (0.87, 0.69 saponification value; (91.16, 92.57 iodine value; (51.52, 47.20, acid value; (0.76, 3.74 ester value; (90.40, 88.87, % free fatty acid; (.38, 1.88 and peroxide value; (11.75, 15.23 respectively. Oils from these seeds were found to exhibit the needed potentials for utilization in paint and food industries and as biofuel.

Geografía, café y prosperidad en los andes occidentales de Colombia

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Juan Barón

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Compuesta por los departamentos de Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda y Valle del Cauca, los Andes Occidentales ha sido por mucho años una de las regiones más prósperas de Colombia. Esta prosperidad se ha traducido en condiciones de vida e infraestructura superiores a las del resto del país. El éxito y bienestar que presentan hoy en día los Andes Occidentales están estrechamente ligados a la concentración de la producción de café, que se dio allí durante gran parte del siglo XX. El arraigo del café en la región no sólo se dio debido a que la geografía ofrecía las condiciones ideales para el cultivo, sino también a las instituciones cafeteras creadas para organizar la industria del café. A pesar de esta prosperidad, el constante descenso del precio internacional del café después del rompimiento del pacto de cuotas de producción en 1989, sumado al estancamiento de la industria manufacturera en algunos departamentos de la región, han afectado las economías departamentales menos diversificadas. Es así como la región de los Andes Occidentales Colombianos presenta las tasas de desempleo más altas del país, tasas que se han visto afectadas aún más con la crisis financiera internacional a través del menor flujo de remesas que los trabajadores oriundos de la región, y residentes en el exterior envían a sus familias.

Transformer l'agriculture en Afrique centrale et occidentale grâce à ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

29 août 2017 ... La productivité agricole en Afrique centrale et occidentale demeure faible, mais il existe un solide potentiel de recherche pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans la région. La mise en place d'une production agricole durable est essentielle à des stratégies efficaces pour une croissance ...

Partenariat entre l'Afrique occidentale et l'Afrique centrale pour la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Des taux élevés de décès maternels et de grossesses précoces persistent en Afrique occidentale et centrale. Les efforts de recherche et de programmation ne parviennent pas à réduire ces taux de façon durable. Le défi consiste à relier les données sur les interventions en santé utiles avec les données sur l'exécution ...

Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the acetone extract from Anacardium occidentale L

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Frederico Argollo Vanderlinde

2009-09-01

Full Text Available The stem bark of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae, commonly called cashew, is used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of gastric and inflammatory disorders. The present study was carried out to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the acetone extract (AE of the stem bark of A. occidentale. We evaluated the pharmacological activities of this plant material through the analgesic, antiedematogenic and chemotaxic inhibitory effects produced by the AE. The oral administration (p.o. of mice with the AE (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 g/kg or positive control indomethacin (10 mg/kg inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing by 18.9, 35.9, 62.9 and 68.9%, respectively (ID50% = 530 mg/kg. The highest dose of the AE was able to inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema formation by 56.8% (indomethacin at 10 mg/kg, p.o. - 57.6% inhibition. When submitted to the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test, the AE (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 g/kg, p.o. impaired leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity by 24.8, 40.5 and 49.6%, respectively. The positive control, dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, s.c., inhibited leukocyte migration by 66.9%. These results indicate the presence of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive principles in the acetone extract of Anacardium occidentale, and reinforce the plant's potential therapeutic use against pain and inflammatory diseases.As cascas do caule do Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae, conhecido como cajueiro, são popularmente utilizadas no Brasil para o tratamento de doenças gástricas e inflamatórias. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação farmacológica in vivo da atividade antiinflamatória do extrato acetônico (AE obtido das cascas do A. occidentale, investigando os efeitos analgésico, antiedematogênico e inibitório sobre a quimiotaxia deste material botânico. A administração oral (p.o. em camundongos com o AE (0,1; 0,3 e 1 g/kg ou o controle positivo indometacina (10 mg/kg inibiu as contor

LA COMPARAISON DE LA MUSIQUE TURQUE ET OCCIDENTALE EN MATIERE DE GAMME, RYTHME ET TONALITE

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Kubilay Kolukirik

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Après avoir fini mon Doctorat en musique à l’université d’Ankara en Turquie, j’ai travaillé en tant que Maitre de conférences à l’université de Nevşehir. J’ai alors été contacté par le Conservatoire Claude Debussy, situé dans le 17eme arrondissement de Paris, afin d’effectuer une recherche comparative sur le Jazz et la musique folklorique Turque. Dans ce contexte j'ai participé aux cours de jazz de Philippe Poussard avec mon instrument authentique turc nommé "bağlama". Avec ce dernier nous avons joué des chansons folkloriques Turques, et j'ai ressenti que lui et ses étudiants ont été impressionnés par la musique que nous avons jouée ensemble, enimprovisant. Nous avons ensuite discuté de différents sujets à propos des musiques Turque et Occidentale. J'ai alors constaté que les étudiants de ce conservatoire n'ont aucune connaissance sur la musique Turque en générale. J'ai alors décidé d’effectuer une analyse théorique sur les questions fondamentales de la musique Occidentale etde la musique Turque. Je pense qu'il est important de donner des informations sur la théorie de la musique dans les établissements scolaires occidentaux. Ceci est important pour la communication entre les deux cultures musicales. En rédigeant mon article j'ai utilisé la méthode d'analyse de documents. J'ai aussi utilisé mes expériences personnelles acquises au Conservatoire pour faire un travail de comparaison appliquée. J'ai constaté qu'en termes de gamme, rythme et tonalité il y avait beaucoup de différences mais également des similitudes dans la musique Turque et Occidentale. L'objectif de cet article est de comparer les théories musicales Turque et Occidentale c’est à dire étudier leurs aspects similaires et différents en terme de gamme, rythme et de tonalité.

Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory constituents of leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. in animal models.

Science.gov (United States)

Awakan, Oluwakemi Josephine; Malomo, Sylvia Omonirume; Adejare, Abdullahi Adeyinka; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Atolani, Olubunmi; Adebayo, Abiodun Humphrey; Owoyele, Bamidele Victor

2018-01-01

Anacardium occidentale L. leaf is useful in the treatment of inflammation and asthma, but the bioactive constituents responsible for these activities have not been characterized. Therefore, this study was aimed at identifying the bioactive constituent(s) of A. occidentale ethanolic leaf extract (AOEL) and its solvent-soluble portions, and evaluating their effects on histamine-induced paw edema and bronchoconstriction. The bronchodilatory effect was determined by measuring the percentage protection provided by plant extracts in the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model in guinea pigs. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts on histamine-induced paw edema in rats was determined by measuring the increase in paw diameter, after which the percent edema inhibition was calculated. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the bioactive constituents. Column chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used respectively to isolate and characterize the constituents. The bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated bioactive constituent were evaluated. Histamine induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pigs and edema in the rat paw. AOEL, hexane-soluble portion of AOEL, ethyl acetate-soluble portion of AOEL, and chloroform-soluble portion of AOEL significantly increased bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities (P 9-octadecenamide) was identified as the most abundant compound in the extracts and was isolated. Oleamide significantly increased bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities by 32.97% and 98.41%, respectively (P < 0.05). These results indicate that oleamide is one of the bioactive constituents responsible for the bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity of A. occidentale leaf, and can therefore be employed in the management of bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Copyright © 2017 Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights

In vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of flavonoids from Delphinium staphisagria against Chagas disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Marín, Clotilde; Ramírez-Macías, Inmaculada; López-Céspedes, Angeles; Olmo, Francisco; Villegas, Noelia; Díaz, Jesús G; Rosales, María José; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Ramón; Sánchez-Moreno, Manuel

2011-04-25

The in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activities of nine flavonoids (1-9) isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium staphisagria have been studied in both the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease. The antiproliferative activity of these substances against Trypanosoma cruzi (epimastigote, amastigote, and trypomastigote forms) in some cases exhibited more potent antitrypanosomatid activity and lower toxicity than the reference drug, benznidazole. Studies in vitro using ultrastructural analysis together with metabolism-excretion studies were also performed in order to identify the possible action mechanism of the compounds tested. Alterations mainly at the level of the mitochondria may explain metabolic changes in succinate and acetate production, perhaps due to the disturbance of the enzymes involved in sugar metabolism within the mitochondrion. In vivo studies provided results consistent with those observed in vitro. No signs of toxicity were detected in mice treated with the flavonoids tested, and the parasitic charge was significantly lower than in the control assay with benznidazole. The effects of these compounds were also demonstrated with the change in the anti-T. cruzi antibody levels during the chronic stage.

Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Anacardium Occidentale L.) dengan Katalis Ni-Ag/Zeolit

OpenAIRE

Kartika, Eva Noer; Suyati, Linda; Nuryanto, Rahmad

2012-01-01

Telah dilakukan pirolisis kulit biji jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dengan katalis Ni-Ag/zeolit untuk mendapatkan produk cair hasil pirolisis dan membandingkannya dengan produk cair pirolisis dengan katalis Ni/zeolit.. Pirolisis dilakukan dengan variasi temperatur 200, 250, 300, 350, dan 400°C. Produk yang berupa gas dikondensasikan pada pendingin es-garam kemudian dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi temperatur pirolisis semakin banyak massa produk cai...

Afrique occidentale et centrale — De nouveaux défis relevés avec ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

25 janv. 2011 ... Ainsi, les éleveurs de l'Afrique occidentale et centrale doivent composer avec un certain nombre de changements écologiques et sociaux, tels que la vente de pâturages à des agriculteurs. La privatisation de superficies qui étaient jusque-là réservées à la vaine pâture occasionne souvent des problèmes ...

Avaliação da toxicidade subcrônica do extrato bruto seco de Anacardium occidentale Linn em cães = Evaluation of the subchronic toxicity of the crude dry extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn in dogs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arquimedes Fernandes Monteiro de Melo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A busca de novos medicamentos tem levado ao desenvolvimento de novosfármacos que sejam eficientes e destituídos de toxicidade. Uma das fronteiras nessas pesquisas são os medicamentos fitoterápicos. No Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA regulariza essas pesquisas e padroniza os procedimentos. A Resoluçãoda Diretoria Colegiada (RDC 48/2004, por exemplo, regulariza o registro de fitoterápicos. O Anacardium occidentale Linn está entre as plantas mais estudadas, devido às ações antibiótica e antiinflamatória de seus metabólitos secundários, principalmente taninos. Esta planta também possui a capacidade de impedir a formação da placa bacteriana bucal. Diante dessas ações, formas farmacêuticas acabadas (cremes e géis foram desenvolvidas a partir do extrato bruto seco (EBS das cascas do caule do A. occidentale Linn para registro de um novo fitomedicamento. Entretanto, testes pré-clínicos e clínicos devem ser feitos de acordo com a lei vigente. O presente trabalho avaliou a toxicidade subcrônica do EBS em cães sem raçadefinida (SRD. Os testes revelaram apenas hepatotoxicidade transitória demonstrada pela elevação dos níveis da alanina transaminase (ALT e aspartato transaminase (AST. Research on new medicaments has led to the development of efficient and non-toxic drugs. In Brazil, the Agência Nacional de VigilânciaSanitária (National Department of Sanitary Supervision – ANVISA regularizes and standardizes the procedure. Anacardium occidentale is amongst the most researched plants, due to the antibiotics and antinflammatory properties of its secondary metabolites, mainlytannins and flavonoids. Furthermore, it prevents the dental plaque formation. On account of these actions, finished pharmaceutical forms (creams and gels were developed from the crude dry extract (CDE of A. occidentale Linn stem rinds, in order to register a new form.However, pre-clinical and clinical assays can be made in

Diagnose laboratorial dos frutos e folhas de Anacardium occidentale L. (Caju

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Luzia llza Ferreira Jorge

Full Text Available Anacardium occidentale L. espécie nativa do continente centro e sul-americano, é planta amplamente utilizada, empregada na alimentação humana e animal, bem como na medicina popular. Neste trabalho objetivamos o reconhecimento das principais características diagnósticas das folhas e dos receptáculos carnosos. Detalhes como o tipo de cutícula, paredes celulares, anexos epidérmicos e inclusões celulares são destacados nas descrições e nas figuras. As folhas encerram flavonóides, saponinas,compostos fenólicos e óleo essencial.

Contributo di dati di gravità nella valutazione del vulcanismo CAMP in Africa Nord-Occidentale

OpenAIRE

Fabbri, Julius

2015-01-01

2013/2014 La domanda alla base di questa ricerca è stata se il metodo della gravimetria satellitare possa essere utilizzato per seguire le unità geologiche anche in luoghi difficilmente accessibili. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è di verificare se le missioni satellitari di nuova generazione permettano di identificare la più grande delle province ignee della Terra (Bertrand et al., 2013), nota come CAMP (Central Atlantic Magmatic Province) in Africa nord-occidentale. Oltre alle motivazioni...

Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L. on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis

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Rizni Amaliah

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Biofilm is communities of microorganisms attached to solid surface and enclosed in extracellular matrix that protected microorganisms from antibacterial agents and host defense. One of bacteria might have a role in initial colonization of biofilm formation is Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis. Previous studies showed that cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium occidentale L. can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus strains. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. stem bark ethanol extract on biofilm formation of S. sanguinis. Methods: Streptococcus sanguinis grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI + 2% sucrose medium by using microplate polystyrene 96 wells. The samples were divided into 3 groups, 5% polyethyleneglycol (PEG as negative control, cashew stem bark extract (concentration 3.125 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml, 9.375 mg/ml, and 12.5 mg/ml, and 0.12% chlorhexidine (as positive control. Biofilm was stained by 1% crystal violet. Afterwards, optical density (OD of samples were measured by microplate reader λ 595 nm. The data of biofilm formation inhibition percentage were analyzed by one way ANOVA and then continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD test. Results: The result of one way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in inhibition of S. sanguinis biofilm formation (p<0.05. LSD test showed that concentration extract 3.125 mg/ml had significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. Reciprocally, concentration 6.25 mg/ml had significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: Cashew stem bark extract was able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. sanguinis.Latar belakang: Biofilm merupakan sekumpulan mikroorganisme yang melekat pada permukaan solid dan diselubungi oleh matriks ekstraseluler yang melindungi mikroorganisme dari bahan-bahan antibakteri dan sel-sel pertahanan tubuh. Salah satu bakteri yang

Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanolik kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale Linn. terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

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H. Harsini

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Antibacterial activity of cashew stembark (Anacardium occidentale Linn on Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial activity acts as a sign of disruption of bacterial growth. The bark of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn. contains phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and anacardic acid which have an activity as antimicrobial. One of the Gram positivebacteria in the oral cavity was Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus. The aim of the study was to observe the bacterial activity of ethanolic extract of the cashew to a metal ion, i.e. Ca2+ and K+ leakage from S aureus. This research used one ose bacteria S. aureus at a density of 106 standard Brown as much as 10 mL and centrifuged at a speed of 3500 rpm for 20 minutes. The filtrate discarded, pellets in the tube was washed using phosphate buffer pH 7.0. Furthermore the ethanolic extract of the bark of the cashew stembark was added in the concentrations of 3.5% and 7% without any extract as a control, each of which was in 5 tubes, incubated in an incubator for 24 hours. The suspension was centrifused with a speed of 3500 rpm for 20 minutes prior to be filtered. Supernatant liquid was taken and measured absorbance using AAS. Data were analyzed using one way Anova p = 0.05. The results showed that leakage of Ca2+ was  at concentrations of 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% were 2.42 ± 0.82; 32.87 ± 1.97; 49.10 ± 3.33; 66.73 ± 3.29, respectively while for the K+ metal was 15.28 ± 0.46; 606.36 ± 14.14; 895 ± 9.5; 1251 ± 11.54. Anova one way showed a significant effect (p <0.050 ethanolic extract of the bark of cashew against leakage of metal ions Ca2+ and K+ at S aureus bacteria. LSD test showed a significant difference among all treatment groups. It was concluded that there was antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of the cashew stembark on bacteria S. aureus based on leakage of metal ions Ca2+ and K+ The highest leakage of metal ions was at the concentrations of 7%.   ABSTRAK Aktivitas

Sodium metabisulfite–induced polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin incubated in the extracts of three medicinal plants (Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa)

Science.gov (United States)

Chikezie, Paul Chidoka

2011-01-01

Background: The exploitation and utilization of vast varieties of herbal extracts may serve as alternative measures to deter aggregation of deoxygenated sickle cell hemoglobin (deoxyHbS) molecules. Objective: The present in vitro study ascertained the capacity of three medicinal plants, namely, Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa, to alter polymerization of HbS. Materials and Methods: Spectrophotometric method was used to monitor the level of polymerization of hemolysate HbS molecules treated with sodium metabisulfite (Na2 S2 O5) at a regular interval of 30 s for a period of 180 s in the presence of separate aqueous extracts of A. occidentale, P. guajava, and T. catappa. At time intervals of 30 s, the level of polymerization was expressed as percentage of absorbance relative to the control sample at the 180th s. Results: Although extracts of the three medicinal plants caused significant (P guajava exhibited the highest capacity to reduced polymerization of deoxyHbS molecules. Whereas at t > 60 s, extract concentration of 400 mg% of A. occidentale activated polymerization of deoxyHbS molecules by 6.23±1.34, 14.53±1.67, 21.15±1.89, and 24.42±1.09%, 800 mg% of T. catappa at t > 30 s gave values of 2.50±1.93, 5.09±1.96, 10.00±0.99, 15.38±1.33, and 17.31±0.97%. Conclusion: The capacity of the three medicinal plants to interfere with polymerization of deoxyHbS molecules depended on the duration of incubation and concentration of the extracts. PMID:21716622

Morfologia e distribuição de galhas foliares de Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae

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Claudia Scareli-Santos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Galhas são estruturas que exibem associações específicas entre o indutor e a planta hospedeira, onde são evidenciadas modificações morfológicas, anatômicas e químicas dos tecidos vegetais. Objetivou-se descrever a morfologia e a distribuição de galhas foliares de Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae. Foram coletadas 294 folhas, da porção apical dos ramos, de indivíduos localizados na Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Campus Araguaína, TO. Foram realizadas análises morfológicas utilizando microscópio estereoscópico, paquímetro e bibliografia específica. Determinou-se o número de galhas no limbo foliar seguida da análise de regressão linear entre o número de galhas por limbo e o seu comprimento. Foram observadas galhas do tipo cônico atravessando a lâmina foliar, glabras, de coloração verde quando jovens e vermelho alaranjadas quando maduras, com distribuição isolada/agrupada e aderência total; internamente apresentou um lóculo e uma larva do indutor (Cecidomyiidae. A distribuição das galhas no limbo apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0,001, em ordem decrescente foi observado maior número de galhas entre as nervuras (57,1%, sobre a nervura secundária (35,7%, na margem (6,3% e na nervura central (1,2%; a análise de regressão linear apresentou fracamente positiva (r2= 0,03; coeficiente de Pearson= 0,2025, o que sugere que a oviposição está associada, em parte, com o tamanho do limbo e que outras variáveis podem ser determinantes. Estes são os primeiros registros de galhas em A. occidentale no estado do Tocantins.

Pollination efficiency and effectiveness or bumble bees and hummingbirds visiting Delphinium nelsonii

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Waser, Nicholas M.

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Delphinium nelsonii Greene is a spring-flowering perennial of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Its blue flowers conform to a classical «bee pollination syndrome», but in western Colorado they are visited by hummingbirds (mostly in the first half of the flowering season as well as bumble bee queens (mostly in the second half of the season. Experiments with potted plants showed that a bee deposits about 10 times as much pollen while visiting a flower as does a bird, and causes about la times as many seeds to be set. In contrast, bees and birds appear similar in the «quality» of pollen they deliver, e. g., in its outcrossing distance. At the level of entire pollinator populations, hummingbird visitation rates may be over 10 times as great as those or bumble bees, in part because birds visit flowers more quickly. Thus the two visitor classes should deliver similar pollen quantities overall, which is confirmed by similar pollen loads of flowers early and late in the season, and should contribute about equally to seed set, which is confirmed by several experiments and observations. Exact relative contributions probably depend on pollinator population sizes, which in the case of hummingbirds appear to have varied 2.5 fold across 14 years. The similar contributions or birds and bees lo seed set shows that individual pollination efficiency must be distinguished from population-level effectiveness. and that the «pollination syndrome» of a flower may not indicate present-day effectiveness of its visitors.

[ca] Delphinium nelsonii Greene és una planta perenne de floració primaveral que creix a les Muntanyes Rocoses de Nordamèrica. Les seves flors blaves s'acorden a la clàssica (síndrome de pol-linització per abellots», però, a l'oest de Colorado, són visitades per colibrís (durant la primera meitat del període de floració així com per reines d'abellots (principalment durant la segona meitat del període. Els

Synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using dried Anacardium occidentale leaf and its catalytic and thermal applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Sheny, D S; Philip, Daizy; Mathew, Joseph

2013-10-01

An environment friendly approach for the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) using dried leaf powder of Anacardium occidentale is reported. The formation of Pt NPs is monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra reveal that proteins are bound to Pt nanoparticles. TEM images show irregular rod shaped particles which are crystalline. The quantity of leaf powder plays a vital role in determining the size of particles. Synthesized NPs exhibit good catalytic activity in the reduction of aromatic nitrocompound. The effective thermal conductivity of synthesized Pt/water nanofluid has been measured and found to be enhanced to a good extent. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Avaliação da toxicidade subcrônica do extrato bruto seco de Anacardium occidentale Linn em cães - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1112 Evaluation of the subchronic toxicity of the crude dry extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn in dogs - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1112

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Isabely de Souza Vera Cruz

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A busca de novos medicamentos tem levado ao desenvolvimento de novos fármacos que sejam eficientes e destituídos de toxicidade. Uma das fronteiras nessas pesquisas são os medicamentos fitoterápicos. No Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA regulariza essas pesquisas e padroniza os procedimentos. A Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC 48/2004, por exemplo, regulariza o registro de fitoterápicos. O Anacardium occidentale Linn está entre as plantas mais estudadas, devido às ações antibiótica e antiinflamatória de seus metabólitos secundários, principalmente taninos. Esta planta também possui a capacidade de impedir a formação da placa bacteriana bucal. Diante dessas ações, formas farmacêuticas acabadas (cremes e géis foram desenvolvidas a partir do extrato bruto seco (EBS das cascas do caule do A. occidentale Linn para registro de um novo fitomedicamento. Entretanto, testes pré-clínicos e clínicos devem ser feitos de acordo com a lei vigente. O presente trabalho avaliou a toxicidade subcrônica do EBS em cães sem raça definida (SRD. Os testes revelaram apenas hepatotoxicidade transitória demonstrada pela elevação dos níveis da alanina transaminase (ALT e aspartato transaminase (ASTResearch on new medicaments has led to the development of efficient and non-toxic drugs. In Brazil, the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (National Department of Sanitary Supervision – ANVISA regularizes and standardizes the procedure. Anacardium occidentale is amongst the most researched plants, due to the antibiotics and antinflammatory properties of its secondary metabolites, mainly tannins and flavonoids. Furthermore, it prevents the dental plaque formation. On account of these actions, finished pharmaceutical forms (creams and gels were developed from the crude dry extract (CDE of A. occidentale Linn stem rinds, in order to register a new form. However, pre-clinical and clinical assays can be made in

Radioprotective effect of the extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Anacardium occidentale on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to ionizing radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siqueira, Williams N.; Silva, Luanna R.S.; Silva, Edvane B.; Silva, Ronaldo C.; Lacerda, Laila B.N.; Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Santos, Mariana L.O.; Sa, Jose L.F.; Melo, Ana M.M.A.

2011-01-01

Electromagnetic radiations are energies that can be classified as non-ionizing and ionizing. This type of energy is propagated by a material medium and the vacuum. The important characteristic of ionizing radiation is the localized release of large amounts of energy. The biological effects of radiation result principally from damage to DNA, which is the critical target. Given these harmful effects caused by radiation highlights the importance of acquiring knowledge about the radioprotective substance, because they act to protect the living tissue, decreasing the damage he caused by the effects of radiation. In this study we investigated the radioprotective effect of extract hydroalcoholic of Ziziphus joazeiro and Anacardium occidentale on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata. The embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata pigmented were divided into 18 groups of 100 specimens. The experimental groups were exposed to the extracts at a concentration of 200 ppm and then irradiated. For irradiation, we used a source of 60 Co (Gammacell of Radionics Labs. Dose rate = 4.359 Gy/h). The viability of the embryos was examined using a stereoscopic microscope and statistical analysis was performed using the test Student-Newman-Keuls and χ 2 . Our results showed that the extracts of hydroalcoholic Ziziphus joazeiro showed radioprotective effect and that the aqueous extract of the bark of Anacardium occidentale exhibited a reduction in its embryotoxic effect. (author)

Radioprotective effect of the extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Anacardium occidentale on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to ionizing radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Siqueira, Williams N.; Silva, Luanna R.S.; Silva, Edvane B. [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (DEN/UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Energia Nuclear. Grupo de Estudos em Radioprotecao e Radioecologia; Silva, Ronaldo C. [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Genetica; Lacerda, Laila B.N.; Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Santos, Mariana L.O.; Sa, Jose L.F.; Melo, Ana M.M.A. [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de de Biofisica e Radiobiologia. Lab. de Radiobiologia

2011-07-01

Electromagnetic radiations are energies that can be classified as non-ionizing and ionizing. This type of energy is propagated by a material medium and the vacuum. The important characteristic of ionizing radiation is the localized release of large amounts of energy. The biological effects of radiation result principally from damage to DNA, which is the critical target. Given these harmful effects caused by radiation highlights the importance of acquiring knowledge about the radioprotective substance, because they act to protect the living tissue, decreasing the damage he caused by the effects of radiation. In this study we investigated the radioprotective effect of extract hydroalcoholic of Ziziphus joazeiro and Anacardium occidentale on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata. The embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata pigmented were divided into 18 groups of 100 specimens. The experimental groups were exposed to the extracts at a concentration of 200 ppm and then irradiated. For irradiation, we used a source of {sup 60}Co (Gammacell of Radionics Labs. Dose rate = 4.359 Gy/h). The viability of the embryos was examined using a stereoscopic microscope and statistical analysis was performed using the test Student-Newman-Keuls and {chi}{sup 2}. Our results showed that the extracts of hydroalcoholic Ziziphus joazeiro showed radioprotective effect and that the aqueous extract of the bark of Anacardium occidentale exhibited a reduction in its embryotoxic effect. (author)

Evaluación térmica y perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de las semillas del merey, Anacardium occidentale L. | Thermal evaluation and fatty acid profile of cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale L. seed oil

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Gabriel Ordaz González

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Oil from seeds of Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew nut was obtained by Soxhlet solvent extraction using hexane with a 26% yield. Concentrations of this oil lower than 1000 μg·mL-1 were innocuous in the lethality bioassay against Artemia salina. Analysis of Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC of this oil exhibited a wide melting range (Tonset = -22.60ºC, Tpico = -12.27ºC, which could be associated with the content of unsaturated fatty acids (76.24%. The oil showed thermal stability between 20 and 100ºC. The GC-MS analysis allowed to identify oleic (C18:1, ω-9, 51.3% and linoleic (C18:2, ω-6, 24.88% acids as major constituents.

Avaliaçao do efeito do extrato de casca de cajueiro-branco (Anacardium occidentale L. Sobre A infecção por Leishmania (Viannia brasiliensis

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Flávio França

1993-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do efeito terapêutico do extrato hidroalcólico da casca de Anacardium occidentale L sobre a Leishmania (Viannia brasiliensis. No modelo in vitro o extrato vegetal mostrou-se ativo contra promastigotas do parasita, contrastando com o modelo in vivo, onde não se observou qualquer atividade curativa.

UtilizaÃÃo da casca da castanha de caju Anarcadium occidentale L. como biossorvente de metais

OpenAIRE

Gustavo Ferreira Coelho

2014-01-01

Este trabalho propÃe avaliar o uso da casca da castanha de caju (Anarcadium occidentale L.) â CCC â como adsorvente natural na remoÃÃo dos Ãons metÃlicos Cd2+, Pb2+ Cr3+, Cu2+ e Zn2+ de meio aquoso, como alternativa ao carvÃo ativado e demais tratamentos. As castanhas de caju foram coletadas em CurionÃpolis, no estado do ParÃ, sendo o experimento realizado no LaboratÃrio de QuÃmica Ambiental e Instrumental da UNIOESTE - Marechal CÃndido Rondon, ParanÃ. ApÃs a extraÃÃo do lÃquido da casca da c...

Capacidad parasítica de Praon pos. occidentale (Hymenoptera: Braconidae sobre Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae en condiciones de laboratorio

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Aragón Sandra

2007-06-01

Full Text Available

Praon pos. occidentale es un parasitoide promisorio para regular poblaciones de áfidos Macrosiphum euphorbiae en cultivos comerciales bajo invernadero de rosas. Se evaluó la capacidad parasítica de P. pos. occidentale bajo tres temperaturas constantes (18, 25 y 28ºC y variando la densidad de su hospedero (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 y 150. En cada unidad experimental se liberó una pareja del parasitoide con 24 horas de edad y se mantuvieron durante 24 horas en incubadoras graduadas a cada temperatura en evauación, con 12 horas de luz y 12 de oscuridad. Se registró el número de áfidos parasitados y se permitió el desarrollo de los huevos depositados hasta adulto. Se estimó la tasa instantánea de búsqueda (a’ y el tiempo de manipulación (Th a partir de los cuales se ajustó el modelo de respuesta funcional tipo II para cada temperatura. La tasa instantánea de búsqueda (a’ fue más alta a 18ºC con un valor de 0,1081, seguida de 28ºC con 0,0323 y 25ºC con 0,0103. El tiempo de manipulación (Th más corto fue el que se presentó a 25ºC de 4,8913, seguido de 28º C con un tiempo de 5,7579 y 18ºC con 8,2697. El máximo número de individuos parasitados estimado fue de 4,9 a 25ºC. A 18ºC el 60% de los áfidos parasitados alcanzó la emergencia del adulto, el 74,2% a 25ºC y el 88% a 28ºC. No existe ningún efecto significativo de la densidad del hospedero ni de la temperatura en la proporción sexual de Praon pos. Occidentale.

Application of terrestrial photogrammetry for the mass balance calculation on Montasio Occidentale Glacier (Julian Alps, Italy)

Science.gov (United States)

Piermattei, Livia; Carturan, Luca; Calligaro, Simone; Blasone, Giacomo; Guarnieri, Alberto; Tarolli, Paolo; Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo; Vettore, Antonio

2014-05-01

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of glaciated terrain are commonly used to measure changes in geometry and hence infer the mass balance of glaciers. Different tools and methods exist to obtain information about the 3D geometry of terrain. Recent improvements on the quality and performance of digital cameras for close-range photogrammetry, and the development of automatic digital photogrammetric processing makes the 'structure from motion' photogrammetric technique (SfM) competitive for high quality 3D models production, compared to efficient but also expensive and logistically-demanding survey technologies such as airborn and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The purpose of this work is to test the SfM approach, using a consumer-grade SLR camera and the low-cost computer vision-based software package Agisoft Photoscan (Agisoft LLC), to monitor the mass balance of Montasio Occidentale glacier, a 0.07km2, low-altitude, debris-covered glacier located in the Eastern Italian Alps. The quality of the 3D models produced by the SfM process has been assessed by comparison with digital terrain models obtained through TLS surveys carried out at the same dates. TLS technique has indeed proved to be very effective in determining the volume change of this glacier in the last years. Our results shows that the photogrammetric approach can produce point cloud densities comparable to those derived from TLS measurements. Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical accuracies are also of the same order of magnitude as for TLS (centimetric to decimetric). The effect of different landscape characteristics (e.g. distance from the camera or terrain gradient) and of different substrata (rock, debris, ice, snow and firn) was also evaluated in terms of SfM reconstruction's accuracy vs. TLS. Given the good results obtained on the Montasio Occidentale glacier, it can be concluded that the terrestrial photogrammetry, with the advantageous features of portability, ease of use and above all low costs

Anticonvulsant activity of DNS II fraction in the acute seizure models.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Muhammad Liaquat; Zeeshan, Mohammad; Ahmad, Manzoor; Shaheen, Farzana; Simjee, Shabana U

2010-04-21

Delphinium nordhagenii belongs to family Ranunculaceae, it is widely found in tropical areas of Pakistan. Other species of Delphinium are reported as anticonvulsant and are traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy. Delphinium nordhagenii is used by local healer in Pakistan but never used for scientific investigation as anticonvulsant. Thus, Delphinium nordhagenii was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and the most active fraction, i.e. DNS II acetone was chosen for further testing in the acute seizure models of epilepsy to study the antiepileptic potential in male mice. Different doses (60, 65 and 70mg/kg, i.p.) of DNS II acetone fraction of Delphinium nordhagenii was administered 30min prior the chemoconvulsant's injection in the male mice. Convulsive doses of chemoconvulsants (pentylenetetrazole 90mg/kg, s.c. and picrotoxin 3.15mg/kg, s.c.) were used. The mice were observed 45-90min for the presence of seizures. Moreover, four different doses of DNS II (60, 65, 70 and 100mg/kg, i.p.) were tested in the MES test. The DNS II acetone fraction of Delphinium nordhagenii has exhibited the anticonvulsant actions by preventing the seizures against PTZ- and picrotoxin-induced seizure as well as 100% seizure protection in MES test. The results are comparable with standard AEDs (diazepam 7.5mg/kg, i.p. and phenytoin 20mg/kg, i.p.). These findings suggest that the Delphinium nordhagenii possesses the anticonvulsant activity. Further analysis is needed to confirm the structure and target the extended activity profile. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Site fidelity by bees drives pollination facilitation in sequentially blooming plant species.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogilvie, Jane E; Thomson, James D

2016-06-01

Plant species can influence the pollination and reproductive success of coflowering neighbors that share pollinators. Because some individual pollinators habitually forage in particular areas, it is also possible that plant species could influence the pollination of neighbors that bloom later. When flowers of a preferred forage plant decline in an area, site-fidelity may cause individual flower feeders to stay in an area and switch plant species rather than search for preferred plants in a new location. A newly blooming plant species may quickly inherit a set of visitors from a prior plant species, and therefore experience higher pollination success than it would in an area where the first species never bloomed. To test this, we manipulated the placement and timing of two plant species, Delphinium barbeyi and later-blooming Gentiana parryi. We recorded the responses of individually marked bumble bee pollinators. About 63% of marked individuals returned repeatedly to the same areas to forage on Delphinium. When Delphinium was experimentally taken out of bloom, most of those site-faithful individuals (78%) stayed and switched to Gentiana. Consequently, Gentiana flowers received more visits in areas where Delphinium had previously flowered, compared to areas where Delphinium was still flowering or never occurred. Gentiana stigmas received more pollen in areas where Delphinium disappeared than where it never bloomed, indicating that Delphinium increases the pollination of Gentiana when they are separated in time. Overall, we show that individual bumble bees are often site-faithful, causing one plant species to increase the pollination of another even when separated in time, which is a novel mechanism of pollination facilitation.

Estimates of genetic correlations and correlated responses to selection in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.

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Diógenes Manoel Pedroza de Azevedo

1998-09-01

Full Text Available The present study estimates variances and genetic and phenotypic correlations for five traits in 27 progenies of cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.. Data were obtained from a trial conducted in 1992 at Pacajus, Ceará, experimental station of Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. The characters studied were plant height (PH, North-South and East-West canopy spreads (NSS, EWS, and primary and secondary branch numbers (PBN, SBN. All genetic and phenotypic correlations presented positive and significant values. Selection to increase or decrease the average of any one of the five characteristics of cashew plants in the progenies studied affected the average of the others. The 16-month-old canopy spread can be predicted from NSS or EWS since correlations between them were high. Correlations between PH and SBN were low, indicating that there is a good possibility of obtaining smaller plants without causing drastic reductions in SBN. PH and SBN showed, respectively, the lowest and highest genetic variance estimates relative to the corresponding population means.Neste trabalho são estimadas variâncias, correlações genéticas e fenotípicas e respostas correlacionadas, envolvendo cinco caracteres em 27 progênies de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.. Os dados foram obtidos em Pacajus-CE, num ensaio conduzido no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, em l992. Os caracteres estudados foram altura de planta (PH, envergaduras norte-sul (NSS e leste-oeste (EWS e número de ramos primários (PBN e secundários (SBN. Todas as correlacões genéticas e fenotípicas obtidas foram positivas e significativas. A seleção para aumentar ou reduzir a média de qualquer um dos cinco caracteres estudados nas progênies de cajueiro afetou indiretamente a média dos outros quatro caracteres. A envergadura da copa aos 16 meses pode ser representada por NSS ou EWS, tendo em vista que a correlação entre elas foi elevada. As correlações envolvendo PH

Analysis of toxicity of Anacardium occidentale L. extract submitted to ionizing radiation on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Sa, Jose L.F.; Lima, Claudia S.A.; Amancio, Francisco F.; Melo, Ana M.M.A.; Ribeiro, Luanna R.S.; Santos, Gustavo H.F.; Silva, Edvane B.

2013-01-01

The use of gamma radiation as a sterilization method for herbs, herbal medicines and foods, shows positive results regarding the retention of such products, economy and safety of the method. However, it is known that this method of processing plant material can cause chemical changes in these products related to the type of material, its components and the dose received. Evaluated, in the present study, the action of gamma radiation as a modifier of toxicity extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. To evaluate the toxicity of the extract irradiated at doses of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kGy and concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L was used bioassays with Artemia salina and Biomphalaria glabrata. For the test to A. salina, 520 specimens were used divided into groups of 10 larvae. For the bioassay with B. glabrata, 3900 specimens were used divided into groups of, approximately, 100 embryos. Larvae of A. salina and embryos were subjected to extracts irradiated and unirradiated for 24 hours. The bioassay with A. salina, showed a decrease, compared to extract unirradiated and irradiated at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 kGy, of extract irradiated with 10 kGy, where the mortality did not differ from the control group. In tests with embryos was observed an increase in the toxicity of the extract at a dose of 7.5 kGy and a decrease in the dose of 10.0 kGy. The radiation promoted changes in the toxicity of leaves extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn. on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina. (author)

Analysis of toxicity of Anacardium occidentale L. extract submitted to ionizing radiation on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Sa, Jose L.F.; Lima, Claudia S.A.; Amancio, Francisco F.; Melo, Ana M.M.A., E-mail: hiannaamfs@gmail.com, E-mail: luismuma6@gmail.com, E-mail: claudia.salima@gmail.com, E-mail: amancioff@bol.com.br, E-mail: amdemelo@hotmail.com [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Biofisica e Radiobiologia; Ribeiro, Luanna R.S.; Santos, Gustavo H.F.; Silva, Edvane B., E-mail: luannaribeiro_lua@hotmail.com, E-mail: santosghf@hotmail.com, E-mail: edvborges@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Energia Nuclear. Grupo de Estudos em Radioprotecao e Radioecologia

2013-07-01

The use of gamma radiation as a sterilization method for herbs, herbal medicines and foods, shows positive results regarding the retention of such products, economy and safety of the method. However, it is known that this method of processing plant material can cause chemical changes in these products related to the type of material, its components and the dose received. Evaluated, in the present study, the action of gamma radiation as a modifier of toxicity extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. To evaluate the toxicity of the extract irradiated at doses of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kGy and concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L was used bioassays with Artemia salina and Biomphalaria glabrata. For the test to A. salina, 520 specimens were used divided into groups of 10 larvae. For the bioassay with B. glabrata, 3900 specimens were used divided into groups of, approximately, 100 embryos. Larvae of A. salina and embryos were subjected to extracts irradiated and unirradiated for 24 hours. The bioassay with A. salina, showed a decrease, compared to extract unirradiated and irradiated at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 kGy, of extract irradiated with 10 kGy, where the mortality did not differ from the control group. In tests with embryos was observed an increase in the toxicity of the extract at a dose of 7.5 kGy and a decrease in the dose of 10.0 kGy. The radiation promoted changes in the toxicity of leaves extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn. on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Artemia salina. (author)

Contribution à une étude phytoécologiques des groupements à Tetraclinis articulata du littoral de Honaine (Algérie occidentale).

OpenAIRE

CHERIF, ISMAHENE

2012-01-01

La zone sur laquelle porte notre contribution est localisées dans la partie occidentale du Nord-Ouest Algérien, elle fait partie intégrante des monts des Traras. Cette étude est consacrée à l’analyse phytoécologique des groupements à Tetraclinis articulata du littoral de Honaine. L’étude bioclimatique a révélé un décalage de certaines stations météorologiques, vers des ambiances plus sèches sur le climagramme pluviothermique d’Emberger, témoignant ainsi une tendance générale à ...

SARDULUS SACERENSIS CASALE & MARCIA, NUOVA SPECIE IPOGEA DI COLEOTTERI ISTERIDI DELLA SARDEGNA NORD-OCCIDENTALE E SUA MORFOLOGIA LARVALE (Coleoptera, Histeridae

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A. Casale

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Sardulus sacerensis Casale & Marcia, nuova specie di Histeridae ipogei della Grotta di Lu Gardu (Sassari, Sardegna nord-occidentale è descritta e comparata con le due specie note in precedenza della Sardegna centro-orientale, S. spelaeus Patrizi, 1955, e S. incrassatus Magrini & Fancello, 2005. Le caratteristiche morfologiche esternee i genitali maschili delle tre specie sono raffigurati. Inoltre, è fornita per la prima volta la descrizione della morfologia larvale di una specie di questo genere. S. spelaeus, specie nota fino ad ora di due grotte in territorio di Dorgali, è segnalata di una terza località: la Grotta di Istirzili o Stirzili, nel territorio di Baunei.

Influence of gamma radiation on the levels of polyphenols and lethality of ethanol extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn., against Biomphalaria glabrata

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, G.H.F.; Silva, E.B.; Melo, A.M.M.A.; Lima, C.S.A; Amorim, E.L.C.; Peixoto Sobrinho, T.J.S.

2013-01-01

Plant materials rich in phenolic compounds, such as Anacardium occidentale Linn., Have been used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides in Biomphalaria glabrata control programs, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Studies show that ionizing radiation can influence the content of phenolic compounds and thus their biological actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gamma radiation of 60 Co in polyphenol composition of hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves of A. occidentale and evaluate the toxicity of these extracts to embryos and adults of B. glabrata. To achieve this goal this, the extracts were irradiated at 10 kGy, the controls being maintained from 0 kGy and positive (CaCO 3 ) and negative (H 2 O). We quantified the total phenols by the Folin-Ciocalteau and tannins by precipitation of casein. Extracts were used at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The results showed that the radiation caused the changes to the leaves, the percentage of polyphenols and tannins, and the percentage of lethality in embryos and adults Biomphalaria glabrata, these percentages being: 13 ± 5 (0 kGy) and 27 ± 2.5 (10 kGy), and 36.67 ± 5.77 (0 kGy), and 56.67 ± 5.77 (10 kGy), respectively. Gamma radiation caused significant changes in the levels of polyphenols in the extracts of leaves of Anacardium ocidentale Linn., translated by the increased toxicity of this extract against embryos and adults of Biomphalaria glabrata. This indicates that gamma radiation can be used as an agent potentiating the toxicity of plant extracts on the alternate use of these materials as molluscicides. (author)

Aktivitas Zymomonas mobilis pada produk etanol dari buah semu jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale dengan variasi sumber nitrogen

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AKHMAD MUSTOFA

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Mustofa A, Suranto. 2010. Aktivitas Zymomonas mobilis pada produk etanol daribuah semu jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale dengan variasi sumber nitrogen. Bioteknologi 7: 1-9. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan Zymomonas mobilis dalam memproduksi etanol melalui proses fermentasi batch (selama 24, 48 dan 72 jam, menggunakan sumber karbon sari buah jambu mete (varietas merah, hijau dan kuning dan sumber nitrogen berupa urea, ammonium sulfat, ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau dan ekstrak kacang koro (Mucuna pruriens. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas buah jambu mete hijau dengan sumber nitrogen ammonium sulfat dan lama fermentasi 24 jam memberikan hasil etanol yang paling optimal. Pada perlakuan tersebut diperoleh nilai pH 5,87, kadar gula reduksi 7,64 g/100 mL (tingkat konsumsi 48,44%, jumlah bakteri 8,0x107 (µ = 0,154 dan etanol sebesar 33,02 g/L (Ye = 90,19%.

Synthesis characterization and catalytic action of hexagonal gold nanoparticles using essential oils extracted from Anacardium occidentale

Science.gov (United States)

Sheny, D. S.; Mathew, Joseph; Philip, Daizy

2012-11-01

A new phytochemical method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is reported. The essential oils extracted from the fresh leaves of Anacardium occidentale are used for the reduction of auric acid to Au nanoparticles (NPs). The formation and morphology of synthesized NPs are investigated with the help of UV-visible, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The NPs synthesized at room temperature are mono-dispersed and hexagonal in shape with an average size of 36 nm while those prepared at higher temperature are composed of a mixture of anisotropic particles. The UV-visible absorption spectra of these anisotropic NPs show asymmetry in the longer wavelength side. The quantity of oil is an important criterion modulating the shape of NPs. Possible biochemical mechanism leading to the formation of NPs is studied using FTIR spectroscopy. The potential of synthesized Au NPs as catalyst is explored for the hydrogenation of p-nitro phenol to p-amino phenol at room temperature.

Pyrenean pastoralists’observations of environmental change: An exploratory study in los Valles Occidentales of Aragón

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Fernández-Giménez, María E.

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Observations of environmental change by local resource users may be an important source of information about past and current environmental conditions to complement scientific studies and monitoring. In this exploratory, qualitative study, we documented observations of environmental change made by 27 stockmen in the two westernmost valleys of the Central Western Pyrenees of Spain. Pastoralists reported changes in weather, corresponding declines in the flow of mountain springs, and an increase in shrub and tree cover in the mountains. Explanations for the increase in woody plant cover differed in the two valleys; however, the majority of stockmen from both villages believed that the lack of human presence in the mountains contributes to shrub encroachment. Stockmen’s observations of environmental change suggest additional research needs regarding climate and vegetation change in the Pyrenees, and highlight the potential contributions of Pyrenean pastoralists’ local knowledge to environmental monitoring, research and management.Las observaciones sobre el cambio medioambiental realizadas por usuarios locales pueden ser una importante fuente de información sobre las características medioambientales del pasado y del presente para complementar los estudios científicos y el monitoreo. En este estudio cualitativo documentamos observaciones sobre el cambio medioambiental realizadas por 27 ganaderos en los dos valles más occidentales de los Pirineos centro occidentales españoles. Resumen cambios climáticos relativos a la disminución del caudal de las fuentes de montaña y al aumento de la cubierta vegetal de matorrales y arbolado en las montañas. Las explicaciones sobre el aumento de arbolado difieren en los dos valles; sin embargo la mayoría de los ganaderos de ambos pueblos pensaban que la falta de presencia humana en las montañas contribuye a la invasión del matorral. Las observaciones de los ganaderos sobre los cambios medioambientales

Voyageuses occidentales et impérialisme : l’Orient à la croisée des représentations (XIXe siècle

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Isabelle Ernot

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article s’appuie sur une dizaine de récits de voyages, effectués par des Françaises dans les régions arabo-musulmanes durant la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Ils constituent un matériau permettant d’articuler étude sur le genre et l’impérialisme. Le propos concerne particulièrement le rôle des Occidentales dans la construction d’un discours qui accompagne la colonisation et participe de la définition des hiérarchies sociales et/ou raciales. L’analyse comporte deux versants : le premier s’intéresse aux éléments mobilisés dans la production d’une représentation de la femme arabo-musulmane, figure de l’assujettissement et contre-modèle de l’Occidentale ; le second fait retour sur les locutrices elles-mêmes et questionne l’origine de leurs représentations.This article explores how gender and imperialism are articulated in the writings of a number of French women travelers to Eastern and Arab countries in the second half of the 19th century. It argues for the role of these Western women travelers in the construction of a discourse that accompanied the process of colonialism and contributed to the defining of social and/or racial hierarchies. The article begins with an examination of the rhetoric used to produce a representation of the oppressed Arab-Muslim woman, in opposition to that of the Western woman. It then examines the travel writers themselves in an effort to discern the origins of the representations they develop.

Fenóis totais, atividade antioxidante e constituintes químicos de extratos de Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae

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Mariana H. Chaves

Full Text Available O presente artigo relata o isolamento e identificação do palmitato, oleato e linoleato de sitosterila, sitosterol, estigmasterol, 3-O-β-D-galactopiranosídeo do sitosterol, 3-O-β-Dgalactopiranosídeo do estigmasterol, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo do sitosterol e uma mistura de ácidos anacárdicos (monoeno e dieno do extrato etanólico de cascas do caule de Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, bem como do sitosterol, estigmasterol, lupeol, β-amirina, catequina e epicatequina do extrato etanólico do tegumento da castanha de caju in natura. Os extratos EtOH da casca e do tegumento foram avaliados quanto ao conteúdo de fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante. O extrato etanólico das cascas do caule apresentou maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e percentual de atividade antioxidante.

Phenols and tannins contents of Anacardium occidentale Linn and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan exposed to gamma radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Gustavo Henrique Farias dos [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (GERAR/UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Energia Nuclear. Grupo de Estudos em Radioprotecao e Radioecologia; Silva, Edvane Borges da [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE (Brazil). Centro Academico de Vitoria; Amorim, Elba Lucia Cavalcanti de; Peixoto Sobrinho, Tadeu, E-mail: elba@ufpe.b [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Farmaceuticas; Lima, Claudia Sampaio de Andrade [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Biofisica e Radiobiologia

2011-07-01

Anacardium occidentale Linn (cajueiro) and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) are very know as a source of phenolic compounds, mainly tannins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of phenols and tannins contents of crude extracts were measured after irradiation of barks and leaves of each plant source, using a source of {sup 60}Co. The crude extracts were divided into control group and three groups which were separately after exposition to gamma radiation, in doses of 5; 7.5 and 10 kGy. From each group, the total phenols were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, while the contents of tannins were assessed using precipitation of the casein technique. For all doses, the total phenol and tannin percentages from 'cajueiro' barks presented no significant statistical alteration. However, for the leaves of 'cajueiro', their chemical composite levels significantly changed with the radiation absorbed dose. On the other hand, the gamma irradiation did not cause alterations in total phenols and tannins content of extracts from 'angico'. (author)

Phenols and tannins contents of Anacardium occidentale Linn and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan exposed to gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Gustavo Henrique Farias dos; Silva, Edvane Borges da; Amorim, Elba Lucia Cavalcanti de; Peixoto Sobrinho, Tadeu; Lima, Claudia Sampaio de Andrade

2011-01-01

Anacardium occidentale Linn (cajueiro) and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) are very know as a source of phenolic compounds, mainly tannins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of phenols and tannins contents of crude extracts were measured after irradiation of barks and leaves of each plant source, using a source of 60 Co. The crude extracts were divided into control group and three groups which were separately after exposition to gamma radiation, in doses of 5; 7.5 and 10 kGy. From each group, the total phenols were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, while the contents of tannins were assessed using precipitation of the casein technique. For all doses, the total phenol and tannin percentages from 'cajueiro' barks presented no significant statistical alteration. However, for the leaves of 'cajueiro', their chemical composite levels significantly changed with the radiation absorbed dose. On the other hand, the gamma irradiation did not cause alterations in total phenols and tannins content of extracts from 'angico'. (author)

Study of rheological behavior of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale, l., acerola (Malpighia emarginata, d.c. and mango (Mangifera indica, l. pulpsEstudo do comportamento reológico de polpas de caju (Anacardium occidentale, l., acerola (Malpighia emarginata, d.c. e manga (Mangifera indica, l.

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Evânia Altina Teixeira de Figueiredo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The knowledge of the fruit tropical pulps rheological behavior have a great importance for the consumers and food process industries. In this work it was studied the rheological behavior of the cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale, L., mango (Mangifera indica, L and acerola (Malpighia emarginata, DC single strength, frozen and pasteurized pulps. The experimental measurements were carried out in concentric cylinder rheometer and the experimental data were fitted to models of Ostwald-de-Waelle and Bingham. There were evaluated chemical, physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. In this work, in order to adjust the rheological parameters, the model that presented the best description was the Ostwald-de-Waelle for the mango and acerola pulps, and Bingham for cashew apple pulp. The samples presented non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic character. The chemical and physicochemical analysis showed the nutritional value of the studied fruits. The microbiological results presented satisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions in pulps processing.O conhecimento do comportamento reológico das polpas de frutas tropicais é muito importante para os consumidores e para a indústria de alimentos. Neste trabalho se estudou o comportamento reológico de polpas de caju (Anacardium occidentale, L., manga (Mangifera indica, L e acerola (Malpighia emarginata, D.C. integrais, pasteurizadas e congeladas. As medidas experimentais foram realizadas em reômetro rotacional de cilindros concêntricos e os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Ostwald-de-Waelle e Bingham. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos, físico-químicos e microbiológicos. No estudo, para o ajuste dos parâmetros reológicos, o modelo que apresentou maior ajuste foi o de Ostwald-de-Waelle para as polpas de acerola e manga e Bingham para a polpa de caju. As amostras apresentaram comportamento não-newtoniano e caráter pseudoplástico. As caracterizações químicas e f

Teores de ácido anacárdico em pedúnculos de cajueiro Anacardium microcarpum e em oito clones de Anacardium occidentale var. nanum disponíveis no Nordeste do Brasil Anacardic acid content in cashew apples from Annacardium microcarpum and eight clones of Anacardium occidentale from Northeastern Brazil

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Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa

2004-08-01

Full Text Available O ácido anacárdico, composto fenólico presente em pedúnculos de caju e em algumas plantas medicinais, vem sendo associado a uma série de atividades biológicas específicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o teor deste composto em pedúnculos de cajueiro A. microcarpum e em oito clones de A. occidentale var. nanum disponíveis na região Nordeste do Brasil, avaliando, também, algumas características físico-químicas e sensoriais destes pedúnculos. Os pedúnculos do clone BRS 189 apresentaram os maiores teores de ácido anacárdico. Pedúnculos da espécie Anacardium microcarpum e pedúnculos de cajueiro anão precoce, clones END 189 e 183, Embrapa 50 e 51 e CCP 09 não diferiram significativamente dos pedúnculos procedentes do clone controle, CCP 076. Pedúnculos do clone CCP 1001 apresentaram os menores teores de ácido anacárdico. As análises físico-químicas e sensoriais confirmaram evidências de que os clones CCP 09 e 1001 não são apropriados para o consumo in natura.Anacardic acid, a phenolic compound present in cashew apple and in some medicinal plants, is being associated to some specific biological effects. The purpose of this work was to determine anacardic acid content in peduncles of A. microcarpum and eight clones of A. occidentale from Northeastern Brazil, evaluating some physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of these peduncles. Cashew apples from BRS 189 clone of early cashew tree presented the highest values of anacardic acid. Cashew apples from A. microcarpum and END 189, END 183, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51 e CCP 09 clones of early cashew tree did not differ from control CCP 076 clone. Cashew apples from CCP 1001 clone presented the minor values of anacardic acid. Physical-chemical and sensory analyses showed evidence that CCP 09 and CCP 1001 clone are not appropriate to fresh consuption.

EZZERELLI Kaïs, Diplomatie occidentale et dissidence arabe. La France coloniale et le mouvement arabiste en Syrie ottomane (1912-1914), Tunis, Dar al-Wasla, 2014

OpenAIRE

d’Andurain, Julie

2017-01-01

Le dernier ouvrage de Kaïs Ezzerelli, publié par la toute jeune maison d’édition Dar Al-Wasla à Tunis, porte sur la diplomatie occidentale, et plus particulièrement française, face au mouvement arabiste en Syrie ottomane juste avant la Grande Guerre. C’est un travail sérieux, minutieux et de ce fait tout à fait précieux. À partir de travaux scientifiques précédents et d’archives issues du fonds « Nouvelle Série » Turquie du ministère français des Affaires étrangères, l’auteur présente la séri...

Perlas y piel de azabache. El negro en las pesquerías de las Indias Occidentales

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Tardieu, Jean Pierre

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Not very long after the Discovery, the pearls from the West Indies competed with those from the Orient for the full regalia of the ladies of the gentry, or that of the most revered virgins, while raising the curiosity of the best known chroniclers and creating an excruciating tax system. Considering the legislation passed for the benefit of Indians, those were to a large extent replaced in the “pearl fisheries” by black slaves submitted by the covetousness of their masters and the interests of the Crown to horrendous living and working conditions which most of the time relentlessly led them to death.

Poco después del Descubrimiento, las perlas de las Indias occidentales rivalizaron con las de Oriente para el adorno de las damas de la alta sociedad o de las Vírgenes más veneradas, suscitando la curiosidad científica de los cronistas más conocidos y una exigente legislación fiscal. Debido a las leyes emitidas a favor de los indios, éstos se sustituyeron en gran parte, en las pesquerías de perlas, por esclavos negros sometidos —por la codicia de los amos y el interés de la Corona— a despiadadas condiciones de vida y de trabajo que desembocaban las más veces en una muerte inexorable.

In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica in oral care.

Science.gov (United States)

Anand, Geethashri; Ravinanthan, Manikandan; Basaviah, Ravishankar; Shetty, A Veena

2015-01-01

Oral health is an integral and important component of general health. Infectious diseases such as caries, periodontal, and gingivitis indicate the onset of imbalance in homeostasis between oral micro biota and host. The present day medicaments used in oral health care have numerous side effects. The uses of herbal plants as an alternative have gained popularity due to side effects of antibiotics and emergence of multidrug resistant strains. Anacardium occidentale (cashew) and Mangifera indica (mango) have been used as traditional oral health care measures in India since time immemorial. The ethanol extracts of cashew and mango leaves were obtained by maceration method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by clear zone produced by these plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans in agar plate method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC), and suppression of biofilm. The cytotoxic effects of plants extract was determined by microculture tetrazolium assay on human gingival fibroblast and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cell lines. Cashew and mango leaf extract significantly (P < 0.05) produced larger zone of inhibition against test pathogens when compared to povidone-iodine-based mouth rinses. Although the MIC and MBC/MFC values of mouth rinses were effective in lower concentrations; plant extracts significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the biofilms of oral pathogens. The leaf extracts were less cytotoxic (P < 0.001) compared to mouth rinses. Plant extracts are superior to the mouth rinses and have a promising role in future oral health care.

Bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity of cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L. during the ripening of early dwarf cashew clones Compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante total de pedúnculos de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. durante o amadurecimento de clones de cajueiro anão-precoce

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Mônica Maria de Almeida Lopes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Lately, tropical fruit consumption has increased due to a higher knowledge of its nutritional and therapeutic value. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of cashew apples from different early dwarf clones during their ripening. The clones analyzed included: CCP 76, CCP 09, BRS 189 and BRS 265 in seven ripening stages. They were analyzed for vitamin C, total carotenoid, total anthocyanin, yellow flavonoids and polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity. Clone BRS 265 ripe cashew apple presented the highest vitamin C content (279.37 mg x 100 g-1. The ripe BRS 189 cashew apple is colored bright red, and its total anthocyanin content was the highest (21.16 mg x 100 g-1. The yellow flavonoids content was higher for ripe CCP 76 and BRS 189 cashew apples with 56.32 and 50.75 mg x 100 g-1, respectively. The highest levels of extrable polyphenols and antioxidant capacity were observed in CCP 09 in the first five ripening stages. The antioxidant activity of cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L. is mainly attributed to polyphenol content (r = 0.90; p Ultimamente, o consumo de frutas tropicais tem aumentado em razão de um maior conhecimento de seu valor nutricional e terapêutico. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial antioxidante de pedúnculos de cajus de diferentes clones de cajueiro anão precoce, durante o seu amadurecimento. Os clones analisados foram: CCP 76, CCP 09, BRS 189 e BRS 265, em sete estádios de amadurecimento. Foram analisados para a vitamina C total, antocianinas, carotenóides totais, flavonóides amarelos, teor de polifenóis e capacidade antioxidante total. O clone BRS 265 maduro obteve o maior teor de vitamina C (279,37 mg x 100 g-1. O pedúnculo maduro BRS 189, apresentou o maior conteúdo de antocianinas totais (21,16 mg x 100 g-1. O conteúdo de flavonóides amarelos foi maior para os clones CCP 76 e BRS 189 maduros, com 56,32 e 50,75 mg x 100 g-1, respectivamente. Os maiores teores

In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica in oral care

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Geethashri Anand

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Oral health is an integral and important component of general health. Infectious diseases such as caries, periodontal, and gingivitis indicate the onset of imbalance in homeostasis between oral micro biota and host. The present day medicaments used in oral health care have numerous side effects. The uses of herbal plants as an alternative have gained popularity due to side effects of antibiotics and emergence of multidrug resistant strains. Anacardium occidentale (cashew and Mangifera indica (mango have been used as traditional oral health care measures in India since time immemorial. Materials and Methods: The ethanol extracts of cashew and mango leaves were obtained by maceration method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by clear zone produced by these plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans in agar plate method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC, and suppression of biofilm. The cytotoxic effects of plants extract was determined by microculture tetrazolium assay on human gingival fibroblast and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79 cell lines. Results: Cashew and mango leaf extract significantly (P < 0.05 produced larger zone of inhibition against test pathogens when compared to povidone---iodine-based mouth rinses. Although the MIC and MBC/MFC values of mouth rinses were effective in lower concentrations; plant extracts significantly (P < 0.001 suppressed the biofilms of oral pathogens. The leaf extracts were less cytotoxic (P < 0.001 compared to mouth rinses. Conclusions: Plant extracts are superior to the mouth rinses and have a promising role in future oral health care.

HOMO VIATOR – O DIMENSIUNE FUNDAMENTALĂ A SPIRITUALITĂŢII OCCIDENTALE

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Tatiana CIOCOI

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Articolul de faţă reflectă modificările fundamentale care s-au produs în mentalitatea occidentală contemporană prin intermediul conceptului de călător (homo viator. Noţiunea de călător este tratată în sens culturologic larg drept  desco­peritor de lumi necunoscute, explorator, navigator sau aventurier al oricărui tip de cunoaştere, care reprezintă trăsătura fundamentală a omului occidental. Prototipul absolut al acestui model cultural îl reprezintă Ulise, eroul din Odiseea lui Homer. Conceptul de „călătorie” oferă, astfel, o viziune transversală asupra evoluţiei literaturii occidentale, al cărei centru iradiant – tensiunea cunoaşterii – a problematizat cele mai variate forme de călătorie şi de călător. Istoria romanului occidental este urmărit dea lungul secolelor şi a epocilor literare pentru a observa cum s-a modificat percepţia călătoriei, iar odată cu ea, şi spiritualitatea occidentală. Viziunea contemporană asupra călătoriei este analizată în baza romanului lui Michel Houellebecq „Harta şi teritoriul” (2010. HOMO VIATOR – A FUNDAMENTAL DIMENSION  OF WESTERN SPIRITUALITYThe article reflects the changes produced in the western contemporary mentality through the concept of the traveler (homo viator. The notion of traveler is approached in wide cultural meaning as a discoverer of unknown worlds, explorer, navigator or adventurer of every type of knowing, that represents the fundamental feature of the occidental man. The absolute prototype of this cultural model is represented by Ulysses, the hero of Homer’s Odyssey. The concept of “travel” offers thus a transverse vision upon the evolution of the occidental literature whose irradiant centre – the tension of knowing – discussed the problems of the most varied forms of travel and traveler. The history of the western novel is followed over centuries and literary epochs in order to observe which way the perception of travel

Effect of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and antagonists on motor function in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Welch, Kevin D.; Pfister, James A.; Lima, Flavia G.; Green, Benedict T.; Gardner, Dale R.

2013-01-01

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated cation channels found throughout the body, and serve to mediate diverse physiological functions. Muscle-type nAChRs located in the motor endplate region of muscle fibers play an integral role in muscle contraction and thus motor function. The toxicity and teratogenicity of many plants (which results in millions of dollars in losses annually to the livestock industry) are due to various toxins that bind to nAChRs including deltaline and methyllycaconitine (MLA) from larkspur (Delphinium) species, and nicotine and anabasine from tobacco (Nicotiana) species. The primary result of the actions of these alkaloids at nAChRs is neuromuscular paralysis and respiratory failure. The objective of this study was to further characterize the motor coordination deficiencies that occur upon exposure to a non-lethal dose of nAChR antagonists MLA and deltaline as well as nAChR agonists nicotine and anabasine. We evaluated the effect of nAChR agonists and antagonists on the motor function and coordination in mice using a balance beam, grip strength meter, rotarod, open field analysis and tremor monitor. These analyses demonstrated that within seconds after treatment the mice had significant loss of motor function and coordination that lasted up to 1 min, followed by a short period of quiescence. Recovery to normal muscle coordination was rapid, typically within approximately 10 min post-dosing. However, mice treated with the nAChR agonist nicotine and anabasine required a slightly longer time to recover some aspects of normal muscle function in comparison to mice treated with the nAChR antagonist MLA or deltaline. -- Highlights: ► Mice treated with nAChR agonists and antagonists have a loss in motor function. ► These deficits are temporary as near normal motor function returns within 10 min. ► There are compound-specific differences in the effects on motor function.

Effect of α{sub 7} nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and antagonists on motor function in mice

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Welch, Kevin D., E-mail: kevin.welch@ars.usda.gov [USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400N., Logan, UT 84341 (United States); Pfister, James A. [USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400N., Logan, UT 84341 (United States); Lima, Flavia G. [Federal University of Goías, School of Veterinary Medicine, Goiânia, Goías (Brazil); Green, Benedict T.; Gardner, Dale R. [USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400N., Logan, UT 84341 (United States)

2013-02-01

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated cation channels found throughout the body, and serve to mediate diverse physiological functions. Muscle-type nAChRs located in the motor endplate region of muscle fibers play an integral role in muscle contraction and thus motor function. The toxicity and teratogenicity of many plants (which results in millions of dollars in losses annually to the livestock industry) are due to various toxins that bind to nAChRs including deltaline and methyllycaconitine (MLA) from larkspur (Delphinium) species, and nicotine and anabasine from tobacco (Nicotiana) species. The primary result of the actions of these alkaloids at nAChRs is neuromuscular paralysis and respiratory failure. The objective of this study was to further characterize the motor coordination deficiencies that occur upon exposure to a non-lethal dose of nAChR antagonists MLA and deltaline as well as nAChR agonists nicotine and anabasine. We evaluated the effect of nAChR agonists and antagonists on the motor function and coordination in mice using a balance beam, grip strength meter, rotarod, open field analysis and tremor monitor. These analyses demonstrated that within seconds after treatment the mice had significant loss of motor function and coordination that lasted up to 1 min, followed by a short period of quiescence. Recovery to normal muscle coordination was rapid, typically within approximately 10 min post-dosing. However, mice treated with the nAChR agonist nicotine and anabasine required a slightly longer time to recover some aspects of normal muscle function in comparison to mice treated with the nAChR antagonist MLA or deltaline. -- Highlights: ► Mice treated with nAChR agonists and antagonists have a loss in motor function. ► These deficits are temporary as near normal motor function returns within 10 min. ► There are compound-specific differences in the effects on motor function.

Influence of gamma radiation on the levels of polyphenols and lethality of ethanol extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn., against Biomphalaria glabrata; Influencia da radiacao gama na acao moluscicida de extratos de cajueiro em Biomphalaria glabrata

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, G.H.F.; Silva, E.B., E-mail: santosghf@hotmail.com [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Energia Nuclear. Grupo de Radioprotecao e Radioecologia; Melo, A.M.M.A.; Lima, C.S.A [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Biofisica; Amorim, E.L.C.; Peixoto Sobrinho, T.J.S. [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Departamento de Farmacia

2013-08-15

Plant materials rich in phenolic compounds, such as Anacardium occidentale Linn., Have been used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides in Biomphalaria glabrata control programs, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Studies show that ionizing radiation can influence the content of phenolic compounds and thus their biological actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gamma radiation of {sup 60}Co in polyphenol composition of hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves of A. occidentale and evaluate the toxicity of these extracts to embryos and adults of B. glabrata. To achieve this goal this, the extracts were irradiated at 10 kGy, the controls being maintained from 0 kGy and positive (CaCO{sub 3}) and negative (H{sub 2}O). We quantified the total phenols by the Folin-Ciocalteau and tannins by precipitation of casein. Extracts were used at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The results showed that the radiation caused the changes to the leaves, the percentage of polyphenols and tannins, and the percentage of lethality in embryos and adults Biomphalaria glabrata, these percentages being: 13 ± 5 (0 kGy) and 27 ± 2.5 (10 kGy), and 36.67 ± 5.77 (0 kGy), and 56.67 ± 5.77 (10 kGy), respectively. Gamma radiation caused significant changes in the levels of polyphenols in the extracts of leaves of Anacardium ocidentale Linn., translated by the increased toxicity of this extract against embryos and adults of Biomphalaria glabrata. This indicates that gamma radiation can be used as an agent potentiating the toxicity of plant extracts on the alternate use of these materials as molluscicides. (author)

Development, anatomy, and genetic control of some teratological phenotypes of Ranunculaceae flowers

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Florian Jabbour

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Teratological organisms originate from developmental anomalies, and exhibit structures and a body organization that deviate from the species standard. These monsters give essential clues about the formation and evolutionary significance of the wild-type groundplan. We focus on flower terata, which can be affected in their sterile and/or fertile organs, with special emphasis on the Ranunculaceae. The diversity of perianth shapes and organizations in flowers of this family is huge, and is even increased when anomalies occur during organo- and/or morphogenesis. To begin with, we synthesize the observations and research conducted on the Ranunculacean floral terata, following the most recent phylogenetic framework published in 2016 by our team. Then, we report results regarding the morphology of developing meristems, the anatomy of buds, and the genetic control of selected teratological phenotypes of Ranunculaceae flowers. We focus on species and horticultural varieties belonging to the genera Aquilegia, Delphinium, and Nigella. Wildtype flowers of these species are actinomorphic (Aquilegia, Nigella or zygomorphic (Delphinium, spurred (Aquilegia, Delphinium or with pocket-like petals (Nigella. Last, we discuss the evolutionary potential of such teratological phenotypes when they occur in the wild.

PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: APLICAÇÃO DA GOMA DO CAJUEIRO (Anacardium occidentale EM NANOTECNOLOGIA

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celia cunha e silva

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale, da família Anacardiaceae, é uma planta originária do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, com arquitetura de copa tortuosa e de diferentes portes, bastante cultivada no Brasil, principalmente no Nordeste. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma prospecção, com busca de precedência e apresentar uma visão geral do estado atual de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico relacionado à aplicação da goma do cajueiro na nonotecnologia, baseado no número de patentes depositadas e de artigos publicados. A prospecção foi realizada no Banco Europeu de Patentes (Europen Patent Office - EPO, no Banco da Organização Mundial de Propriedade Intelectual (World Intellectual Organization - WIPO, no Banco Americano de Marcas e Patentes (United States Patent and Trademark Office - USPTO e no Banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil – INPI, bem como na base de periódicos, Web of Science. O Brasil detém o maior número de artigos científicos envolvendo a Anacardium ocidentale, enquanto o Japão se sobressai na proteção desta pesquisa. Foi observado que das patentes depositadas nas referidas bases, mais da metade foram depositadas no período de 2000 a 2012, demostrando um aumento nas pesquisas relacionadas com o cajueiro nos últimos 12 anos, e que a maior parte das patentes possuem código de classificaçao de patente A61K e A61P que estão relacionadas a necessidades humanas.

La Coopération Scientifique et Technologique en Europe occidentale. 1ère Partie Scientific and Technological Cooperation in Western Europe. Part One

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Bertrand V.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available L'exemple de la puissance américaine pendant et après le dernier conflit mondial a montré aux nations de l'Europe occidentale que leur développement économique dépendait étroitement de leur aptitude à la recherche scientifique et à l'innovation technologique. Devant la nécessité vitale d'élaborer une politique de la science et l'impossibilité de concurrencer individuellement les États-Unis sur l'ensemble du front, elles se sont progressivement engagées vers une collaboration de plus en plus réfléchie dans le domaine scientifique et technologique. Dans le même temps les grands organismes internationaux à vocation politique, économique ou militaire (ONU, OCDE, OTAN... créés après la guerre ont été aussi amenés à se préoccuper des problèmes de la science avant que ceux ci ne fassent l'objet d'une politique délibérée de coopération sous l'égide des Communautés européennes.Nous allons essayer. de faire le point sur toutes ces questions en exposant dans les différents chapitres I. La notion de politique de la science et son évolution dans le monde occidental. II. Les organismes internationaux impliqués dans une coopération scientifique et technologique en Europe occidentale. III et IV. Les résultats (scientifiques puis technologiques de cette coopération en dehors des grands organismes internationaux. V. Les actions menées dans le cadre de ces organismes. VI. La politique de coopération entreprise au sein des Communautés européennes. VII. La coopération européenne en matière d'énergie. The exemple of U.S. power during and after the last World War showed the countries in Western Europe that their economic development was closely linked to their capocity for scientific research and technological innovation. Faced with the vital need to draw up a science policy and the impossibilty of individually rivaling the United States in all areas, they gradually moved toward more and more deliberate coopération in

Salmonella spp. e antibiotico-resistenza in Mammiferi e Uccelli selvatici in Italia nord-occidentale dal 2002 al 2010

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Velca Botti

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La Salmonella è un importante agente patogeno responsabile di zoonosi di notevole rilevanza economica. In Europa la salmonellosi è la seconda infezione trasmessa per via alimentare, in Italia il microrganismo continua ad essere la causa più frequente di infezione alimentare. In Europa sono in atto molti piani di sorveglianza di Salmonella in animali da allevamento, tuttavia il monitoraggio del microrganismo in animali selvatici è effettuato solo occasionalmente. Lo studio ha avuto l'obiettivo di indagare la presenza di Salmonella in animali selvatici e i ceppi antibiotico-resistenti. Nel periodo 2002-2010, 2.713 animali selvatici (Canidi, Mustelidi, Uccelli, Roditori e Ungulati, provenienti da aree dell'Italia nord-occidentale, sono stati testati per Salmonella mediante metodo microbiologico colturale seguito da tipizzazione sierologica e biochimica. Di questi, 117 (63 Canidi, 25 Mustelidi, 24 Uccelli, 5 Ungulati sono risultati positivi per Salmonella (4,3%. Sono stati isolati 130 ceppi appartenenti a diversi sierotipi e Salmonella Typhimurium è risultato quello più rappresentato. La sensibilità agli antibiotici è stata testata su 88 ceppi con test di disco-diffusione. La maggior parte dei ceppi analizzati (97,7% si sono mostrati intermedi (I o resistenti (R ad almeno una classe di antibiotici. I più alti valori sono stati osservati per la classe delle tetracicline. La presenza di sierotipi di Salmonella antibiotico-resistenti e responsabili di zoonosi è stata riscontrata in diverse specie di animali selvatici.

Innovations et métallurgies en Méditerranée occidentale (XIIIe–XVe siècles

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Verna, Catherine

2011-12-01

Full Text Available After a definition of technical innovation in the Middle Ages and it’s relationship to industry, this paper explores it’s characteristics in the fi eld of iron and silver (silver-bearing lead and copper metallurgy from the 13th to the 15th centuries in the western Mediterranean area. The exploration opens with a synthesis of the circulation of iron and steel products, with special care taken over the definition of their respective qualities, in particular the distinction between iron and steel; the exploration continues with an introduction to specific technical territories related to industrial “districts”, which allows the author to present the study of the circulation of technical knowledge. The paper concludes with a study of notables (Catalan in particular as rural entrepreneurs who invested in the technical innovation of their time.[fr] Après avoir défi ni l’innovation technique au Moyen Âge et ses rapports à l’industrie, cet article en étudie les caractéristiques dans les domaines de la métallurgie du fer et de l’argent (plomb et cuivre argentifères du XIIIe au XVe siècle, en Méditerranée occidentale. Cet examen s’ouvre par un tableau de la circulation des produits sidérurgiques, attentif à la définition de leurs qualités respectives, en particulier à la distinction fer-acier; il se poursuit par la présentation des territoires techniques spécifiques associés à des districts industriels, ce qui permet à l’auteur d’aborder l’étude des circulations des savoirs techniques. L’article se conclut par une étude des notables (en particulier catalans, entrepreneurs ruraux, qui ont investi dans l’innovation technique.

Propriedades antioxidantes em subproduto do pedúnculo de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.: efeito sobre a lipoperoxidação e o perfil de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados em ratos Antioxidant properties in cashew apple byproduct (Anacardium occidentale L.: effect on lipoperoxidation and on the polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in rats

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Priscila Regina Bolelli Broinizi

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O caju (Anacardium occidentale L. apresenta substâncias fenólicas, as quais são atribuídas propriedades antioxidantes. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar a capacidade antioxidante em subproduto, ou seja, no bagaço do pedúnculo do caju. O potencial antioxidante do extrato hidroalcoólico (EHAlc do bagaço do pedúnculo de caju foi avaliado em sistema de varredura do radical 2,2'-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH• e em ensaio in vivo. No sistema DPPH, o extrato demonstrou atividade antioxidante de cerca de 95% em sua maior concentração (1000 µg/mL. Para o estudo in vivo, foram utilizados ratos Wistar administrando oralmente EHAlc (200 e 400 mg/kg de peso corpóreo por 30 dias e analisados os tecidos plasmático, hepático e cerebral. Não houve alterações na peroxidação lipídica no plasma e no fígado dos animais tratados comparados ao grupo controle. Contudo, foi observada redução da lipoperoxidação no cérebro dos grupos tratados. Além do mais, neste tecido, os animais tratados apresentaram maior quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI, destacando-se o ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA. Estes resultados indicam que o EHAlc contém antioxidantes naturais efetivos e que podem contribuir na redução da lipoperoxidação e preservação dos AGPICL no tecido cerebral de ratos, dando indícios da capacidade antioxidante do bagaço do pedúnculo de caju CCP-76.The cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L. contains phenolic compounds usually related with antioxidant properties. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate its antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the cashew apple pulp (EHAlc. was assessed for the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH by in vitro method and by an in vivo essay. For this essay a 30-day oral (gavage, EHAlc. 200 and 400 mg/kg study was conducted in Wistar male rats, evaluating hepatic, plasma and brain tissues. In

Contribution of the cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) for development of layer-by-layer films with potential application in nanobiomedical devices

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Araujo, I.M.S. [Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias da Natureza, CCN, Universidade Federal do Piaui, UFPI, Teresina, PI, 64049-550 (Brazil); Nucleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Campus Parnaiba, CMRV, Universidade Federal do Piaui, UFPI, Parnaiba, PI, 64202-020 (Brazil); Zampa, M.F. [Nucleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Campus Parnaiba, CMRV, Universidade Federal do Piaui, UFPI, Parnaiba, PI, 64202-020 (Brazil); Campus Parnaiba, Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia do Piaui, IFPI, Parnaiba, PI, 64210-260 (Brazil); Moura, J.B.; Santos, J.R. dos [Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias da Natureza, CCN, Universidade Federal do Piaui, UFPI, Teresina, PI, 64049-550 (Brazil); Eaton, P. [REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007 (Portugal); Zucolotto, V. [Grupo de Biofisica Molecular Sergio Mascarenhas, Instituto de Fisica de Sao Carlos, IFSC, USP, Sao Carlos, SP, 13566-590 (Brazil); and others

2012-08-01

The search for bioactive molecules to be employed as recognition elements in biosensors has stimulated researchers to pore over the rich Brazilian biodiversity. In this sense, we introduce the use of natural cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) as an active biomaterial to be used in the form of layer-by-layer films, in conjunction with phthalocyanines, which were tested as electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection. We investigated the effects of chemical composition of cashew gum from two different regions of Brazil (Piaui and Ceara states) on the physico-chemical characteristics of these nanostructures. The morphology of the nanostructures containing cashew gum was studied by atomic force microscopy which indicates that smooth films punctuated by globular features were formed that showed low roughness values. The results indicate that, independent of the origin, cashew gum stands out as an excellent film forming material with potential application in nanobiomedical devices as electrochemical sensors. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This study focused on the use of cashew gum for the formation of LbL films. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer LbL films containing cashew gums were investigated by AFM and cyclic voltammetry. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cashew gum contributed to obtain stable films with well-defined redox processes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cashew gum films detected dopamine in low concentrations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer These LbL films presented potential application in nanobiomedical devices.

Contribution of the cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) for development of layer-by-layer films with potential application in nanobiomedical devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araújo, I.M.S.; Zampa, M.F.; Moura, J.B.; Santos, J.R. dos; Eaton, P.; Zucolotto, V.

2012-01-01

The search for bioactive molecules to be employed as recognition elements in biosensors has stimulated researchers to pore over the rich Brazilian biodiversity. In this sense, we introduce the use of natural cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) as an active biomaterial to be used in the form of layer-by-layer films, in conjunction with phthalocyanines, which were tested as electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection. We investigated the effects of chemical composition of cashew gum from two different regions of Brazil (Piauí and Ceará states) on the physico-chemical characteristics of these nanostructures. The morphology of the nanostructures containing cashew gum was studied by atomic force microscopy which indicates that smooth films punctuated by globular features were formed that showed low roughness values. The results indicate that, independent of the origin, cashew gum stands out as an excellent film forming material with potential application in nanobiomedical devices as electrochemical sensors. Highlights: ► This study focused on the use of cashew gum for the formation of LbL films. ► LbL films containing cashew gums were investigated by AFM and cyclic voltammetry. ► Cashew gum contributed to obtain stable films with well-defined redox processes. ► Cashew gum films detected dopamine in low concentrations. ► These LbL films presented potential application in nanobiomedical devices.

Clinical effect of a mouthwash containing Anacardium occidentale Linn. on plaque and gingivitis control: A randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, Carlos Eduardo Bezerra; Cavalcante, Dhiogo Gonçalves; Filho, José Eduardo Girão; da Costa, Flávio Nogueira; da Silva Pereira, Sérgio Luís

2016-01-01

Plaque-associated gingivitis is a prevalent disease and research in its treatment using herbal agents must be encouraged to verify which would be a useful addition to the current range or chemotherapeutic treatment options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a mouth rinse containing 10% Anacardium occidentale (AO) Linn., a typical plant commonly found in the Northeast Region of Brazil, on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis in comparison to a gold-standard chemotherapeutic agent. Thirty normosystemic adult volunteers of both genders, who had a minimum of twenty natural teeth, aging between 18 and 32 years, were enrolled in this crossover, controlled, examiner-blind clinical study. They were randomly allocated into three groups: 10% AO Linn. (n = 10); 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX, n = 10); or placebo (PB, n = 10). All volunteers were instructed to brush their teeth with a fluoridated dentifrice two times a day (12/12 h) and to rinse for 1 min with one of the mouthwashes (AO, CLX, or PB) 30 min after tooth brushing for 1 month. Plaque index (PLI) and gingival bleeding index (BLI) were recorded on days 0 and 30. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05) were performed to evaluate statistical differences among groups. There was a significant reduction (P gingivitis at day 30 just in CLX ([PLI = 0.47 ± 0.16; -30%]; [BLI = 0.15 ± 0.09; -55.8%]) and AO ([PLI = 0.49 ± 0.21; -31%]; [BLI = 0.13 ± 0.10; -56.6%]) groups, but no statistically significant difference was observed among them (P > 0.05). Mouthwash containing 10% AO was effective as an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent, in a similar manner that 0.12% CLX.

DYNAMICS OF THE RUMINAL FERMENTATION IN SHEEP FEEDING WITH RATION CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CASHEW BY-PRODUCTS (Anacardium occidentale Efecto de la inclusion en los níveles crescentes del subproducto de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. en la dinámica de la fermentacion ruminal de ovinos DINÂMICA DA FERMENTAÇÃO RUMINAL EM OVINOS ALIMENTADOS COM RAÇÕES CONTENDO DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE COPRODUTOS DE CAJU (Anacardium occidentale

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Marcos Cláudio Rogério

2009-07-01

Full Text Available

The study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of cashew by-product (Anacardium occidentale L. on the ammoniac nitrogen concentrations (N-NH3, pH and vollatile fatty acids concentrations (VFA of the ruminal fluid, in sheep that received diets containing the cited by-product. Twenty male, entire sheep had been distributed in four treatments with different levels of cashew by-product inclusion (zero; 19%; 38%; 52% in a randomized block design, in a split-plot project, having in the parcels the diets and the sub-parcels the times of collection (zero, two, five, eight hours after-feeding with five replications. PH was remained inside of the normal standards cited by same literature in the raised cashew by-product inclusions. Diets with zero and 52% had gotten the biggest concentrations of N-NH3. The molar ratio of the AGV in the ruminal liquid in the diets with cashew by-product was typical of rich diets in voluminous. The relation acetate: propionate was not affected by the inclusion of the cashew by-product. The inclusion of the cashew by-product in up to 19 % of the dietary total presented better resulted in that it says respect to the parameters analyzed in this work.

KEY WORDS: Ammoniac nitrogen, Ovis aries, pH, parameters ruminate, ruminants, volatile fatty acids.

ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.: PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA APLICADA À TECNOLOGIA DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS EM PRODUTOS ALIMENTÍCIOS

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Lília Barretto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O agronegócio mundial do caju movimenta cerca de 2,4 bilhões de dólares por ano. No Brasil, a região Nordeste responde por mais de 95% da produção, com divisas na ordem de 220 milhões de dólares anuais. Apesar da importância desta atividade agroindustrial, observa-se que o seu potencial econômico permanece pouco explorado, principalmente com relação ao aproveitamento do pedúnculo. Além de rico em nutrientes, o caju é uma importante fonte de compostos bioativos, os quais podem ser usados na elaboração de produtos funcionais. Este trabalho apresenta um mapeamento tecnológico sobre as potencialidades do caju referentes às tecnologias de compostos bioativos baseado na evolução das competências tecnológicas traduzidas através dos depósitos de patentes. Para a realização desta pesquisa, utilizou-se a base de dados Derwent Innovations Index. Mesmo sem apresentar geografia nem clima favoráveis para a produção de caju, o Japão liderou os rankings apresentados neste estudo, com 14 pedidos quando realizada a pesquisa pela palavra-chave Anacardium occidentale e 04, quando usado o termo cashew apple. A Universidade Federal do Maranhão é o destaque brasileiro, com dois depósitos relacionados à área farmacêutica. O único protocolo nacional referente a compostos bioativos extraídos a partir do caju foi depositado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em 2009 e ressalta um método laboratorial para análises de taninos extraídos de bebidas como o suco de caju. Os resultados demonstram uma área promissora para o desenvolvimento de patentes brasileiras relacionadas ao caju e seus compostos bioativos, hoje atualmente explorados por países não produtores desta fruta.

Estimative of relative stiffness of the exudate gum polysaccharides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Marilia A.; Paula, Regina C.M.

2001-01-01

The Smidsrod empirical stiffness parameter (B) of A. occidentale and A. lebbeck gum were determined using the correlation of intrinsic viscosity [η] with ionic strength. The B value of 0.204 and 0.193 found respectively for A. occidentale and A. lebbeck suggests a flexible the molecule. The ionic strength has a greater influence on the [η]. The decrease of [η] increase of I, from 0.01 M to 0.1 M of NaCl, is higher for A. lebbeck (89%) than for A. occidentale (19%). (author)

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Anacardium occidentale L.) Abstract PDF · Vol 4, No 13 (2005) - Articles Application of tissue culture to cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) breeding: An appraisal. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1684-5315. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL.

Anacardium occidentale

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La multiplication végétative des plants d'anacardiers est la seule alternative pour le moment au Bénin qui permet d'obtenir des plantations homogènes à productivité élevée. Cette recherche conduite sur le site de l'URPA/BA à Parakou vise à améliorer le taux de réussite du greffage chez l'anacardier en pépinière dans le.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DA AMÊNDOA DA CASTANHA DE CAJU (Anacardium occidentale L. CRUA E TOSTADA

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M.L.P. MELO

1998-05-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se a caracterização físico-química da amêndoa da castanha de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. crua e tostada, identificando-se as alterações provocadas pelo processo de tostagem. As amêndoas da castanha de caju crua e tostada apresentaram pH próximos à neutralidade. A composição centesimal da amêndoa crua apresentou os seguintes teores: umidade - 5,05 %, cinzas - 2,40 %, proteínas - 22,11 %, lipídios - 46,28 %, açúcares totais - 7,93 % e amido - 16,07 %. Para a amêndoa tostada os resultados foram: umidade - 1,18 %, cinzas - 2,43 %, proteínas - 21,76 %, lipídios - 48,35 %, açúcares totais - 8,23 % e amido - 17,30 %. A comparação destes resultados foi significativamente diferente nos níveis de lipídios, açúcares totais e amido, possivelmente em conseqüência da perda de água durante o processo de tostagem, pois quando estes foram comparados na base seca, os resultados passaram a não ter diferenças estatísticas.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the quality of the raw and toasted cashew nuts, identifying the changes that took place during the toasting process. The raw and toasted cashew nut showed pH near neutrality. The chemical composition of the raw cashew nut showed the following values: moisture - 5,05 %; ash - 2,40 %; protein - 22,11 %; lipids - 46,28 %; total sugar - 7,93 % and starch - 16,07 %. The toasted nut results were: moisture - 1,18 %; ash - 2,43 %; protein - 21,76 %; lipids - 48,35 %; total sugar - 8,23 % and starch - 17,30 %. The comparison of these values were significantly different for the levels of lipids, total sugars and starch, possibly due to the loss of water, during the toasting process, since when they were compared on dry matter basis, the results did not present differences.

O polissacarídeo do Anacardium occidentale L. na fase inflamatória do processo cicatricial de lesões cutâneas

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Schirato Giuliana Viegas

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O efeito do polissacarídeo de Anacardium occidentale L. (POLICAJU foi avaliado na fase inflamatória do processo cicatricial em camundongos (Mus musculus Swiss (n=90, organizados de acordo com o tratamento empregado: Grupo I (NaCl 150mM, Grupo II (ácido ascórbico 75mg ml-1 e Grupo III (emulsão contendo POLICAJU 150mg ml-1 preparado em ácido ascórbico 75mg ml-1. As lesões cutâneas foram realizadas assepticamente na região torácica dorsal e cada ferida foi tratada em dose única (200ml imediatamente após a cirurgia. As feridas foram avaliadas diariamente sob o ponto de vista clínico e histopatológico até o 6degrees dia de pós-operatório (PO. No 5degrees dia PO, observou-se um menor percentual de edema e hiperemia no Grupo III em relação aos grupos controle, ao passo que os valores de área da ferida e do percentual de contração não foram estatisticamente significativos. A avaliação histopatológica do grupo tratado com POLICAJU demonstrou a presença de tecido de granulação fibrovascular no 6degrees dia PO, enquanto os grupos controle apresentavam tecido de granulação com padrão vascular. O tratamento proposto propiciou sinais flogísticos menos acentuados (edema e hiperemia durante o período inflamatório, compatível com o processo de reparação mais avançado do ponto de vista histopatológico, sugerindo a possível utilização clínica da emulsão contendo POLICAJU.

Abstract Introduction

African Journals Online (AJOL)

was more highly heritable than canopy diameter. at this stage in the establishment,and.hen.cewolJ.ld.l!e more readily manipulated byselectiondn.a breeding programme. ' .:;' -:_~ J',. ,,_,._ .. : . -.-' ... occidentale L.) grown in Tanzania, are, planted as unselected ...... selected cashew clones, (Anacardium occidentale linn). Tan-.

Untitled

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

1964-01-13

ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE. L. BY THOMAS M. VARGHESE AND Y. P. S. PUNDIR. (School of Plant Morphology, Meerut College, Meerut). Received January 13, 1964. (Communicated by Prof. V. Puri, F.A.Sc.) INTRODUCTION. Anacardium occidentale L., a native of Brazil, is one of the economically important species of ...

Antidiarrhoeal evaluation of some nigerian medicinal plants used bini traditional folk medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obuekwe, I.F.

2008-01-01

Four medicinal plants namely; Vernonia amygdalina, Psidium guajava, Chromolaena odorata and Anarcadium occidentale, commonly used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Bini traditional folk medicine in Nigeria were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella aerogenes. The leaf extracts of P guajava and A occidentale completely inhibited the growth of all the organisms tested, while V amygdalina inhibited the growth of K. aerogenes only. Metronidazole was used as the standard antidiarrhoeal drug. Glycosides were found in all the plant extracts. This study, Favours the use of the leaf extracts of A occidentale, P guajava and V amygdalina for the treatment of diarrhoea in Nigeria. (author)

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Crude Extracts and Fractions of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L., Cajui (Anacardium microcarpum, and Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense C.: A Systematic Review

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Anderson Baptista

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The accentuated increase in the use of medicinal plants by the population to treat diseases makes it necessary to carry out pharmacological studies in order to contribute to the scientific knowledge and clarify the mechanisms involved in the main compounds present in these plants. Due to the difficulty of combating antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, plants become a low-cost and effective alternative. The stem, fruit, and leaves of plants are used to measure antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity and to combat the oxidative degradation of free radicals produced in the presence of xenobiotics. A systematic review is a powerful tool that incorporates the variability among the studies, providing an overall estimate of the use of plant extracts as antioxidants and antimicrobial activities. In view of the controversies in the literature regarding the use of compounds from plants or the isolation and purification of the main substances for the prevention of bacterial various therapeutic actions, the aim of this was to present a systematic review on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale, cajui (Anacardium microcarpum, and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense. The following databases were analyzed: PubMed/Medline, Virtual Health Library (LILACS and SciELO, and Science Direct. Out of 425 articles, 33 articles have been used in this study, which were also represented in the Prisma Statement. In vitro antioxidant tests were conducted in 28 studies using different methodologies. Most of the tests involving the studied species demonstrated positive antioxidant potential and antimicrobial properties. The results provide important data and perspectives into the use of natural products that can contribute to the treatment of various diseases.

Anacardium occidentale L.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

2010-05-05

May 5, 2010 ... Crop Processing and Utilization Division, Cocoa Research Institute of ... tropical countries of the world from its centre of origin in South and Central America ... has acceptable organoleptic properties for human consumption [8].

Caracterização anatômica e histoquímica de raízes e folhas de plântulas de Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae

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Ana Luísa Lopes Ernesto Reis

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae é uma espécie típica do Cerrado do Brasil Central e possui valor socioeconômico. Objetivou-se caracterizar anatômica e histoquimicamente as raízes e folhas desta espécie em diferentes estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Para a caracterização anatômica, as amostras foram fixadas em FAA50, incluídas em parafina e submetidas aos procedimentos usuais para microscopia de campo claro. Foram realizados testes histoquímicos para detecção de lipídios totais, taninos, lignina, amido e terpenoides com grupo carbonila nas folhas, bem como teste para amido nas raízes em cortes frescos. A raiz apresenta epiderme unisseriada, floema com canais secretores e xilema tetrarco. Aos cinco dias após a germinação, a planta apresenta regiões com crescimento secundário e possui região medular na raiz, com função de armazenamento de grãos de amido. As folhas exibem epiderme unisseriada, com tricomas glandulares, cutícula espessa e estômatos paracíticos, em ambas as faces. O mesofilo é dorsiventral, e a nervura central apresenta feixes vasculares colaterais com canais secretores associados ao floema. A caracterização histoquímica da folha evidenciou lipídios totais e compostos fenólicos, entre eles taninos e lignina, em diferentes tecidos da folha. A plântula apresenta características que demonstram sua adaptação ao ambiente Cerrado, como cutícula espessa, mesofilo dorsiventral, crescimento secundário e presença de tricomas, mesmo sendo cultivada em condições de viveiro.

Attractiveness of Host Plant Volatile Extracts to the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is Reduced by Terpenoids from the Non-Host Cashew.

Science.gov (United States)

Fancelli, Marilene; Borges, Miguel; Laumann, Raul A; Pickett, John A; Birkett, Michael A; Blassioli-Moraes, Maria C

2018-04-01

Diaphorina citri is a vector of the bacterial causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB = Citrus greening), a severe disease affecting citrus crops. As there is no known control for HLB, manipulating insect behaviour through deployment of semiochemicals offers a promising opportunity for protecting citrus crops. The behavioural responses of D. citri to plant volatiles, and the identity of these plant volatiles were investigated. Volatiles were collected from host plants Murraya paniculata, Citrus sinensis, C. reshni, C. limettioides, Poncirus trifoliata, and from non-host plants Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale. In behavioural assays, female D. citri spent more time in the arms containing volatiles from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. When D. citri was exposed to volatiles collected from A. occidentale, they preferred the control arm. Volatiles emitted from the other studied plants did not influence the foraging behaviour of D. citri. Chemical analyses of volatile extracts from C. sinensis, M. paniculata, and A. occidentale revealed the presence of the terpenoids (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) in higher amounts in A. occidentale. In further behavioural bioassays, female D. citri spent less time in arms containing a synthetic blend of DMNT and TMTT compared to the control arms. Female D. citri also spent less time in arms containing the synthetic blend in combination with volatile extracts from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. Results suggest that higher release of the two terpenoids by A. occidentale make this species unattractive to D. citri, and that the terpenoids could be used in reducing colonisation of citrus plants and therefore HLB infection.

La consommation de propylène en Europe occidentale Propylene Consumption in Western Europe

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Barraqué M.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Les besoins de l'Europe occidentale en propylène utilisé en pétrochimie sont actuellement de 7,4. 10 puissance 6 t/an. Au cours des prochaines années, le taux de progression moyen de la consommation devrait être de l'ordre de 1,8%/an; ainsi en 1995, la pétrochimie européenne utiliserait environ 8,7. 10 puissance 6 t de propylène. L'essentiel de la progression de cette consommation sera dû au fort accroissement de la production de polypropylène et à un degré moindre de l'oxyde de propylène, de l'isopropanol et de l'éthyl-2 hexanol. Par contre les débouchés représentés par l'acrylonitrile et le cumène resteront pratiquement stables. La consommation de propylène dans les productions de butanols devrait diminuer. La part des besoins en propylène satisfaite par les vapocraqueurs européens qui est en 1986 de 82 %, devrait être inférieure à 75 % en 1995. Il sera de plus en plus nécessaire de se tourner vers d'autres sources d'approvisionnement. En 1986 les raffineries européennes ont produit 1,05. 10 puissance 6 t de propylène utilisé en pétrochimie et les importations ont atteint 0,3. 10 puissance 6 t. En 1995 la différence entre la consommation et la production des vapocraqueurs pourrait dépasser 2,0. 10 puissance 6 t. Il semble peu probable que les unités de craquage catalytique puissent combler le déficit sauf si les rendements en propylène augmentent très notablement. On peut s'attendre à la construction de splitters propylène/propane et à une augmentation des importations. D'autre part, en raison de la tension qui risque d'apparaître sur les prix du propylène, l'intérêt de certaines voies de synthèse actuellement considérées comme non rentables pourrait augmenter; ces nouvelles voies sont : - la déshydrogénation du propane déjà considérée dans d'autres régions (Mexique, Indonésie, Malaisie; - la métathèse entre l'éthylène et les butènes-2, pouvant eux-mêmes être produits à partir d

[Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Siberian plants].

Science.gov (United States)

Nesterova, Iu V; Povet'eva, T N; Aksinenko, S G; Suslov, N I; Gaĭdamovich, N N; Nagorniak, Iu G; Popova, E V; Kravtsova, S S; Andreeva, T I

2009-01-01

Experimental investigations have shown that water-alcohol extracts from plants containing alkaloids (Aconitum baikalense, Aconitum septentrionale, Delphinium elatum L., Conium maculatum) and salicylic acid (Filipendula ulmaria, Salix viminalis, Fragaria vesca, Rubus idaeus) inhibited the development of main symptoms of inflammation, viz. exudation, pain, fever, to the same extent as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The substances studied in this work may be used to develop new efficient pharmacological preparations for the treatment of different inflammatory conditions associated with severe pain syndrome.

LA SABIDURIA DEL SILENCIO. HACIA EL DIÁLOGO... ¡OTROS MUNDOS SON POSIBLES!

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Juan Carlos Valverde Campos

2012-05-01

Full Text Available A Occidentales y Orientales nos cobija un mismo techo. Sin embargo, la manera de concebir el mundo y, por ende, de actuar, es diferente. La sociedad globalizada en la que vivimos quiere hacer de este mundo uno solo, con un solo corazón y una sola manera de actuar y pensar. Occidente ha impuesto su mundo cuando en realidad son muchos y debemos conocerlos. El pensamiento oriental tiene mucho qué decirnos a los occidentales. En todo caso, el silencio que impone la escucha es fundamental en eso que tantos llaman hoy el diálogo.

La Insostenibilidad energética del "Gran Dragón" : China 1985-2009

OpenAIRE

Ramos Martín, Jesús

2012-01-01

China ya no es solo la principal fábrica del mundo, con el consiguiente nivel de consumo de recursos naturales (energía y materiales) y de emisiones de contaminantes, sino que se ha convertido en uno de los principales acreedores mundiales, y como tal, en garante del crecimiento de la mayoría de las economías occidentales. La insostenibilidad del modelo de crecimiento chino, basado en una copia de los países occidentales, se hace más evidente desde la crisis de oferta de petróleo que sacudió ...

Nitrogen availability, leaf life span and nitrogen conservation mechanisms in leaves of tropical trees Disponibilidade de nitrogênio, longevidade foliar e mecanismos de conservação de nitrogênio em folhas de espécies arbóreas tropicais

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Guilherme Nascimento Corte

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Evergreen species of temperate regions are dominant in low-nutrient soils. This feature is attributed to more efficient mechanisms of nutrient economy. Nevertheless, the cashew (Anacardium occidentale- Anacardiaceae, a deciduous species, is native to regions in Brazil with sandy soil, whilst the annatto (Bixa orellana- Bixaceae, classified as an evergreen species native to tropical America, grows spontaneously in regions with more humid soils. Evergreens contain robust leaves that can resist adverse conditions for longer. The physical aspects of the leaves and mechanisms of nutrient economy between the two species were compared, in order to verify whether the deciduous species had more efficient mechanisms that might explain its occurrence in regions of low soil fertility. The mechanisms of nitrogen economy were also compared for the two species at available concentrations of this nutrient. The following were analysed: (i leaf life span, (ii physical leaf characteristics (leaf mass per area, and rupture strain, (iii nitrogenous compounds (nitrogen, chlorophyll, and protein, (iv nitrogen conservation mechanisms (nitrogen resorption efficiency, resorption proficiency, and use efficiency, and (v nitrogen conservation mechanisms under different availability of this mineral. The higher values of leaf mass per area and leaf rupture strain found in A. occidentale were related to its longer leaf life span. A. occidentale showed lower concentrations of nitrogen and protein in the leaves than B. orellana. Under lower nitrogen availability, A. occidentale had higher nitrogen resorption proficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and leaf life span than B. orellana. These characteristics may contribute to the adaptation of this species to sandy soils with low nitrogen content.Perenifólias de clima temperado são dominantes em solos pouco férteis. Essa característica é atribuída a mecanismos mais eficientes de economia de nutrientes. O cajueiro (Anacardium

Experimental evidence for the ancestry of allotetraploid Trifolium repens and creation of synthetic forms with value for plant breeding.

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Williams, Warren M; Ellison, Nicholas W; Ansari, Helal A; Verry, Isabelle M; Hussain, S Wajid

2012-04-24

White clover (Trifolium repens) is a ubiquitous weed of the temperate world that through use of improved cultivars has also become the most important legume of grazed pastures world-wide. It has long been suspected to be allotetraploid, but the diploid ancestral species have remained elusive. Putative diploid ancestors were indicated by DNA sequence phylogeny to be T. pallescens and T. occidentale. Here, we use further DNA evidence as well as a combination of molecular cytogenetics (FISH and GISH) and experimental hybridization to test the hypothesis that white clover originated as a hybrid between T. pallescens and T. occidentale. T. pallescens plants were identified with chloroplast trnL intron DNA sequences identical to those of white clover. Similarly, T. occidentale plants with nuclear ITS sequences identical to white clover were also identified. Reciprocal GISH experiments, alternately using labeled genomic DNA probes from each of the putative ancestral species on the same white clover cells, showed that half of the chromosomes hybridized with each probe. F1 hybrids were generated by embryo rescue and these showed strong interspecific chromosome pairing and produced a significant frequency of unreduced gametes, indicating the likely mode of polyploidization. The F1 hybrids are inter-fertile with white clover and function as synthetic white clovers, a valuable new resource for the re-incorporation of ancestral genomes into modern white clover for future plant breeding. Evidence from DNA sequence analyses, molecular cytogenetics, interspecific hybridization and breeding experiments supports the hypothesis that a diploid alpine species (T. pallescens) hybridized with a diploid coastal species (T. occidentale) to generate tetraploid T. repens. The coming together of these two narrowly adapted species (one alpine and the other maritime), along with allotetraploidy, has led to a transgressive hybrid with a broad adaptive range.

Experimental evidence for the ancestry of allotetraploid Trifolium repens and creation of synthetic forms with value for plant breeding

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Williams Warren M

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background White clover (Trifolium repens is a ubiquitous weed of the temperate world that through use of improved cultivars has also become the most important legume of grazed pastures world-wide. It has long been suspected to be allotetraploid, but the diploid ancestral species have remained elusive. Putative diploid ancestors were indicated by DNA sequence phylogeny to be T. pallescens and T. occidentale. Here, we use further DNA evidence as well as a combination of molecular cytogenetics (FISH and GISH and experimental hybridization to test the hypothesis that white clover originated as a hybrid between T. pallescens and T. occidentale. Results T. pallescens plants were identified with chloroplast trnL intron DNA sequences identical to those of white clover. Similarly, T. occidentale plants with nuclear ITS sequences identical to white clover were also identified. Reciprocal GISH experiments, alternately using labeled genomic DNA probes from each of the putative ancestral species on the same white clover cells, showed that half of the chromosomes hybridized with each probe. F1 hybrids were generated by embryo rescue and these showed strong interspecific chromosome pairing and produced a significant frequency of unreduced gametes, indicating the likely mode of polyploidization. The F1 hybrids are inter-fertile with white clover and function as synthetic white clovers, a valuable new resource for the re-incorporation of ancestral genomes into modern white clover for future plant breeding. Conclusions Evidence from DNA sequence analyses, molecular cytogenetics, interspecific hybridization and breeding experiments supports the hypothesis that a diploid alpine species (T. pallescens hybridized with a diploid coastal species (T. occidentale to generate tetraploid T. repens. The coming together of these two narrowly adapted species (one alpine and the other maritime, along with allotetraploidy, has led to a transgressive hybrid with a

Differential radiosensitivity on a tissue level in Delphinium ajacis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mandal, S K; Basu, R K [Bose Research Inst., Calcutta (India). Cryogenetics Lab.

1980-09-01

Root, leaf, pollen mother cell and endosperm of D.ajacis showed differential sensitivity as measured by X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations at mitotic anaphase and telophase stages of the first and second division cycles after irradiation. These tissues differed significantly in Interphase Chromosome Volume (ICV) values. In all the tissues the percentage of aberrant cells increased linearly with increase in X-ray dose. Though endosperm had the largest ICV value it was the most radioresistant tissue tested. The relative radiosensitivity of the other 3 tissues was positively correlated with ICV value. The radioresistance of endosperm is probably due to factors unique to this tissue which remained obscure.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Mangifera Indica ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mango), Psidium guajava L. (Guava) and Anacardium occidentale L. (Cashew) grown in Trikania around the industrial area, were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The differences in the bioaccumulation of the metals varied.

Cinquante années de recherches sur les débuts de l'Aurignacien en Europe occidentale

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François Djindjian

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Une histoire des cinquante dernières années de rechercties sur les débuts de l'Aurignacien est tentée ici. Cet historique retrace brièvement les débuts entre 1860 et 1950 de la connaissance de l'Aurignacien resituant dans leur contexte les apports respectifs de Lartet, De Mortlllet, Breuil et Peyrony. Puis, les résultats des recherches des années 1950 à 1990 des différents acteurs (D. de Sonnevllle-Bordes, F. Bordes, H. M. Movius, H. Delporte, G. Laplace, J. Hahn, N. Soler, F. Bazile, F. Champagne, etc. concernant les débuts de l'Aurignacien sont analysés à la lueur des nouvelles données de fouilles en Aquitaine (Roc de Combe, La Ferrassie, Le Facteur, Caminade, Le Flageolet I, Le Plage, en Pyrénées (Gatzarria, Cueva h/iorin, en Jura-Souabe (Geissenklosterle et sur la côte méditerranéenne (abri l\\Aochi, La Laouza, l'Arbreda, L'Esquicho-Grapaou. Les apports des recherches sur le paléoenvironnement pour la reconstitution du climat et des méthodes mathématiques et informatiques dans les années 70 à la structuration chronologique de l'Aurignacien sont développés. Les différentes données à l'origine de l'existence d'un Protoaurignacien, d'un Aurignacien 0 en Périgord, d'un Aurignacien initial et la question de l'interstratification entre Castelperronien et Aurignacien sont discutées. Les récentes critiques depuis le début des années 90 concernant la fiabilité du cadre paléoclimatique des remplissages d'abrissous- roctie et la pertinence des approches typologiques sont examinées. Les conclusions amènent l'auteur à proposer suggérer que les débuts de I'Aurignacien, encore mal connus, ne sont pas uniformes suivant les régions et dans le temps. En Europe occidentale, l'existence d'un Aurignacien initial semble prouvé sur la côte méditerranéenne de la Ligurie jusqu'en Catalogne. L'expansion aurignacienne suit alors la bordure septentrionale pyrénéenne de l'Aude jusqu'en Cantabres et en Asturies. Puis, sous

Morphological characterization of cashew (Anacardium occidentale ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2009-10-19

Oct 19, 2009 ... prices on the market. The genetic ... apple length, apple nut ratio, nut weight, kernel weight, out turn percent and flower sex ratio accounted for most of ..... Horticulture. National horticulture development strategy for Malawi, a.

Tradizione giuridica occidentale e modernizzazione latinoamericana

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Alessandro Somma

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Latin America, where capitalist and democratic institutions advanced slowly, is usually considered as the periphery of the Western Legal Tradition. However, historical evidence will here be given that even in Europe and North America capitalism often established authoritarian or totalitarian political systems. Moreover, those who describe Latin American capitalism as less developed than the Western one, neglect the fact that underdevelopment was at least partially imposed; they also ignore the fact that, what is meant by underdevelopment, may also be seen as an alternative modernity program. The history and legal history of Venezuela in the first half of the past century shows that deficiencies in democracy were due to theories and practices which were widespread within the Western Legal Tradition; it also offers examples for considering some peculiarities in the development of capitalism as part of an original path to modernity, rather than a bad copy of it.

Antibacterial evaluation of Anacardium occidentale (Linn ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aghomotsegin

has led to the seeking of new antibiotics that are effective and opens paths for the ... to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of the leaves and stem peels of .... radiation intensity and production of phenol compounds such as ...

Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Rai Pablo Sousa de Aguiar

2016-08-31

Aug 31, 2016 ... according to the method of production of: (1) net of the shell of natural cashew nut (60-65% anacardic ... it available in the market as pharmaceutical products. Thus .... now seen as having anti-cancer properties, arrest the cell ..... nanomaterials. ... Characterization of phenolic compounds in jocote (Spondias.

Soil characteristics under legume and non-legume tree canopies in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

%, 100% and 150% the distance from tree trunk to canopy edge of leguminous sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) and espinheiro (Machaerium aculeatum Raddi) and non-legume cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) and jaqueira ...

Effect of interaction between seed size and sowing depth of cashew ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effect of interaction between seed size and sowing depth of cashew Anacardium occidentale (L) on seedlings emergence and height under treatment with organic and inorganic fertilizer in Gidan-Waya, Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria.

Establishment of zygomorphy on an ontogenic spiral and evolution of perianth in the tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Jabbour, Florian; Ronse De Craene, Louis P; Nadot, Sophie; Damerval, Catherine

2009-10-01

Ranunculaceae presents both ancestral and derived floral traits for eudicots, and as such is of potential interest to understand key steps involved in the evolution of zygomorphy in eudicots. Zygomorphy evolved once in Ranunculaceae, in the speciose and derived tribe Delphinieae. This tribe consists of two genera (Aconitum and Delphinium s.l.) comprising more than one-quarter of the species of the family. In this paper, the establishment of zygomorphy during development was investigated to cast light on the origin and evolution of this morphological novelty. METHODS; The floral developmental sequence of six species of Ranunculaceae, three actinomorphic (Nigella damascena, Aquilegia alpina and Clematis recta) and three zygomorphic (Aconitum napellus, Delphinium staphisagria and D. grandiflorum), was compared. A developmental model was elaborated to break down the successive acquisitions of floral organ identities on the ontogenic spiral (all the species studied except Aquilegia have a spiral phyllotaxis), giving clues to understanding this complex morphogenesis from an evo-devo point of view. In addition, the evolution of symmetry in Ranunculaceae was examined in conjunction with other traits of flowers and with ecological factors. In the species studied, zygomorphy is established after organogenesis is completed, and is late, compared with other zygomorphic eudicot species. Zygomorphy occurs in flowers characterized by a fixed merism and a partially reduced and transformed corolla. It is suggested that shifts in expression of genes controlling the merism, as well as floral symmetry and organ identity, have played a critical role in the evolution of zygomorphy in Delphinieae, while the presence of pollinators able to exploit the peculiar morphology of the flower has been a key factor for the maintenance and diversification of this trait.

Acupuncture

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Chao Ming Te

1972-01-01

M.Bloess présente le Docteur Chao Ming Te, un des plus grands experts en médecine chinoise (acupuncture). Il a commencé ses études en Chine en médecine occidentale. Après avoir vu des très grands effets par les aiguilles, il s'est intéressé à cette médecine qui est pour nous difficile à comprendre. Il est allé à la source et a appris cette médecin en Chine et a lu les anciens textes, qui sont la base de la médecine chinoise et datent de 1000 ans avant J.C. Il a essayé de transmettre ses connaissances en médecine chinoise aux médecins occidentales et a aussi écrit un livre.

Presence of large and medium-sized mammals in a burned pine forest in southwestern Turkey

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Anil Soyumert

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Riassunto
Presenza di grandi e medi mammiferi in pinete incendiate della Turchia sud-occidentale
Nel periodo Novembre 2005-Agosto 2006, è stata verificata, tramite trappole fotografiche, la presenza di mammiferi di grandi e medie dimensioni in foreste di Pinus brutia integre e incendiate della Turchia sud-occidentale. Sono state ottenute fotografie di tre specie, cinghiale (Sus scrofa, volpe (Vulpes vulpes e faina (Martes foina. Le prime due sono state rinvenute in entrambe le aree, mentre la faina è stata accertata solo in boschi incendiati. I risultati del presente studio suggeriscono che gli stadi successionali intermedi successivi ai roghi possono essere ricolonizzati dalle comunità di mammiferi.

doi:10.4404/hystrix-21.1-4488

Short Communication

African Journals Online (AJOL)

bacteria which comprised of 4 isolates of. Streptococcus ... extract of A. occidentale leaf than ethyl acetate. Petroleum ether and ... cashew apple can be utilized in the development of .... Antibacterial resistance pattern of aerobic bacteria ...

Research Journal of Health Sciences - Vol 4, No 1 (2016)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sperm parameters of male Wistar rats treated with Anacardium occidentale L. leaf extract · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. O.O. Obembe, A.O. Ige, 83-89 ...

Compostos voláteis em méis florais Volatile compounds in floral honeys

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Carlos Alberto Bastos De Maria

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A review about origin, composition and importance of volatile compounds in floral honeys is presented. Hydrocarbons, aromatic components, acids, diacids, terpenoids, ketones, aldehydes, esters and alcohols have been found in honey aroma of different botanical origin. Cis-rose oxide has been proposed as an indicator for Tilia cordata honey. Citrus honeys are known to contain methyl anthranilate, a compound which other honeys virtually lack. Linalool, phenylethylalcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, p-anisaldehyde and benzaldehyde are important contributors for the aroma of different unifloral honeys. Both isovaleric acid, gama-decalactone and benzoic acid appears to be important odourants for Anarcadium occidentale and Croton sp. honeys from Brazil. The furfurylmercaptan, benzyl alcohol, delta-octalactone, eugenol, phenylethylalcohol and guaiacol appear to be only relevant compounds for Anarcadium occidentale. The vanillin was considered an important odourant only for Croton sp..

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BEBERAPA TANAMAN OBAT TERHADAP USUS TERISOLASI

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B. Dzulkarnain

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The extraction of Anacardium occidentale L.leaves, Aegle marmelos Corr leaves and wood bark, Acorus calamus L. tuber and Desmodium triquetrum D.C. leaves has been tested on the isolated rabbit and guinea pig intestine. The extraction of A. occidentale L. leaves stimulated the isolated rabbit and guinea pig intestine which may due to the anacardic acid content. No consistent influence was seen by the extraction of A.marmelos Corr. leaves and wood bark. The A. calamus L. tuber extraction decreases the isolated intestine activities which is of the atropine-like type not antihistamin one. This may explain the use as antidysentri agent from the motility point of view. The D. triquetrum D.C. leaves extraction stimulated the isolated intestine which has a pilocarpine and histamine-like activity but does not exclude a seretonine-like action.

Production of tannase through submerged fermentation of tannin-containing plant extracts by Bacillus licheniformis KBR6.

Science.gov (United States)

Das Mohapatra, Pradeep K; Mondal, Keshab C; Pati, Bikas R

2006-01-01

Tannins are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds found in plants as secondary metabolites. The presence of these substances in the barks of eight different plants was initially examined and their crude extracts were used separately as a substrate for production of tannase through submerged fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis KBR6. Tannase production as well as biodegradation of the substrate reached a maximum within 15 to 18 h against crude tannin extract obtained from Anacardium occidentale. Among different concentrations of the crude tannin tested, 0.5% (w/v) induced maximum synthesis of enzyme. Tannase production was higher by almost two-fold in the presence of crude tannin compared to pure tannic acid used as a substrate. It seems that industrial production of tannase, using bark extract of A. occidentale can be a very simple and suitable alternative to presently used procedures.

Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Vol 2, No 1 (1999)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Studies on genotype-environment interaction (GxE) in half-sib progenies of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Tanzania · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. PAL Masawe, EP Cundall, PDS Caligari ...

Caryological notes in some portuguese Ranunculaceae

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Queirós, Margarida

1990-05-01

Full Text Available Chromosome numbers of fourteen portuguese laxa of Ranunculaceae are reported: Helleborus foetidus 20 = 32; Nigella damascena 2n = 12; N. gallica 2n = 12; Delphinium Pentagynum 2n = 16; D. Halteratum subsp. verdunense 2n = 16; Anemone palmeta 2n = 32; Clematis campaniflora 2n = 16; Ranunculus muricatus 2n = 48; R. repens 2n = 32; R. bulbosus subsp. aleae var. adscendens 2n =16; R. sceleratus 2n = 32; R. paludosus 2n = 32; R. nigrescens 2n = 16; Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. dichroa 2n = 14. The chromosome numbers are in accordance with previous results.

Se estudia el número cromosómico de algunos táxones de Ranunculaceae portugueses: Helleborus foetidus 2n = 32; Nigella damascena 2n = 12; N. gallica 2n = 12; Delphinium Pentagynum 2n = 16; D. Halteratum subsp. verdunense 2n = 16; Anemone palmeta 2n = 32; Clematis campaniflora 2n = 16; Ranunculus muricatus 2n = 48; R. repens 2n = 32; R. bulbosus subsp. aleae var. adscendens 2n =16; R. sceleratus 2n = 32; R. paludosus 2n = 32; R. nigrescens 2n = 16; Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. dichroa 2n = 14. Estos recuentos coinciden con los obtenidos anteriormente por otros autores.

Urban domestic architecture of the western cities of Conventus Hispalensis: an exercise in critical historiography | La arquitectura doméstica urbana de las ciudades occidentales del Conventus Hispalensis: un ejercicio de crítica historiográfica

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Álvaro Corrales Álvarez

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The domestic architecture of the western cities of Conventus Hispalensis remains an open line of research still being developed. So, even though there is a previous archaeological literature, there had not been a study establishing a comprehensive overview that integrates de analysis of its architecture, ornamental program, material culture and its incorporation into the urban network. All these explanatory factors are currently of great interest due to the importance of the domestic architecture in Hispania in the past decades (Corrales, 2012, 256. Therefore, the generation of a theoretical framework (Wallace-Hadrill, 1997, 219 was necessary in order to globally understand the urban domestic architecture in the ancient cities of the territory of Huelva. Thanks to new archaeological evidence, this could lead to a renewed interpretative approach. | La arquitectura doméstica de las ciudades occidentales del Conventus Hispalensis continúa siendo una línea de investigación abierta y aún por desarrollar. Así, a pesar de que existe una literatura arqueológica previa, hasta la fecha, no se había realizado un estudio que presentara una panorámica global que integrara el análisis de su arquitectura, programa ornamental, cultura material y su inserción en la trama urbana, factores explicativos de gran interés en la actualidad, a tenor del desarrollo que la arquitectura doméstica en Hispania ha sido objeto en las últimas décadas (Corrales, 2012, 256. Así, pues, se hacía necesaria la generación de un marco de trabajo teórico (Wallace– Hadrill, 1997, 219 mediante el cual, la edilicia doméstica de las ciudades del territorio onubense se entendiese como una reflexión global, en la que, de la mano de las nuevas evidencias arqueológicas, se pudiera producir una aproximación interpretativa renovada.

NEW ASPECTS OF THE ALPINE VEGETATION OF PARÂNG MOUNTAINS (SOUTH CARPATHIANS

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SIMON TIBOR

2012-12-01

Full Text Available 4 plant communities unknown in the the European syntaxonomy are described from the alpine and subalpine belts of Parâng Mountains, based on vegetation studies of the authors during 1955–1960. These are: Arabis alpina-Saxifraga aizoides, Arabis alpina-Delphinium elatum, Dianthus tenuifolius-Festuca dalmatica and the Primula minima-Dryas octopetala communities. These communities could be described later as new associations in the possession of more relevés from different localities. The East and South Carpathian Doronico carpatici-Festucetum pictae association is distinguished under this new name from the Festucetum pictae Krajina described from the Tatra Mountains. 7 further associations are found as new to the Parâng Mountains.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kinetic studies of alkaline phosphatase extracted from rabbit (Lepus townsendii) liver. Abstract PDF · Vol 10, No 32 (2011) - Articles Sodium metabisulphite induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin incubated in extracts of three medicinal plants (Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava and Terminalia catappa)

11 Penel 03

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

Philosophy and his academic career has taken him to .... and chief councillor of the AOF (L'Afrique Occidentale Française – French West Africa, the fe- ... Dosso and agreed to assist Med Hondo, the Mauritanian film director, when he wanted to ...

Cómo mejorar el diagnóstico de esofagitis eosinofílica: experiencia de una serie de casos en México

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R. Soto-Solís

2017-01-01

Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EEo en México tienen características similares a los de series occidentales. La sospecha clínica incrementa el diagnóstico por endoscopia hasta en un 40% cuando se mejora el conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad.

Polyclonal Antibody-based ELISA in combination with specific PCR amplification of ITS 1 regions for the detection and quantitation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, causal agent of 2 gummosis in cashew nut plants

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Muniz, C.R.; Freire, F.C.O.; Viana, F.M.P.; Cardoso, J.E.; Correia, D.; Jalink, H.; Kema, G.H.J.; Silva, G.F.; Guedes, M.I.F.

2012-01-01

Members of Botryosphaeriaceae family are associated with serious diseases in different plants 18 across the world. In cashew nut plants (Anacardium occidentale L.), the fungus Lasiodiplodia 19 theobromae causes a severe group of symptoms related to gummosis that results in decreased nut 20

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Cashew produ~tion.in me.sputhern. 528-533.,. " .:: provience of Tanganyika. East African Agriq:lIture and. Intini, M. and M, E. R. Sijaona I 983.·.Li,ttle known disease of. Forestry Journal. July 1962. cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) in Tanzania.

Short Communication

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Antibacterial Potential of Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) Juice Against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and. Streptococcus mutans. Vivek MN, Manasa M, Pallavi S, Sachidananda Swamy HC and Prashith Kekuda TR*. P. G. Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Sahyadri Science ...

Genetic diversity of seed lipid content and fatty acid composition in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Genetic diversity in seed oil content and fatty acid composition in six wild species of genus Sesamum viz., Sesamum mulayanum, Sesamum capense, Sesamum laciniatum, Sesamum latifolium, Sesamum occidentale and Sesamum schinzianum were studied and compared with the cultivated species Sesamum indicum or ...

Yuánmíng Yuán en el siglo XVIII: Arte entre la diplomacia y la filosofía; entre Europa y Pekín

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Pedro Luengo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio pretende probar que el Yuánmíng Yuán fue diseñado como una representación del macrocosmos imperial a partir de la filosofía de la China de Qianlong. Para ello se valorará la función simbólica de los palacios de estilo europeo a partir de las descripciones de embajadas orientales y occidentales. Esta información se pondrá en relación con las diferentes representaciones pictóricas del jardín, conservadas tanto en grabados o acuarelas como en pinturas murales. A partir de toda esta información se pretende valorar su utilización en las visitas de diferentes legados diplomáticos extranjeros. En concreto, se intenta comprobar que los palacios europeos se utilizaron eminentemente para impresionar a las misiones orientales, y no tanto a las occidentales.

Il nichilismo come destino della paideia occidentale

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Michele Borrelli

2013-06-01

Full Text Available From Nietzsche to Heidegger, it seems that the will to power and the technique are not, if not the way today’s nihilism is articulated, ultimate fulfillment of the history of being as metaphysics but not as being. If these are the preconditions of the intrusiveness and of the inevitability nihilistic of Western metaphysics, which paideia today is still thinkable?

Climate change and cashew (Anacardium occidentale L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

217 RESULTS ... change effect on cashew productivity and to identify the adaptation ... Keywords: Adaptation strategies, Benin, cashew tree, climate change, ..... in the medium production area (Northwest) ... 75.9. 96.3. 89.7. 74.3. Widower. 24.1. 3.7. 7.7. 24.3. Origine. Native. 100 ..... a state of leaves plasmolysis unfavorable to.

Chromosome studies in Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Despite the increased cultivation of cashew as a commodity crop in sub-Sahara Africa, Asia and South America there are few chromosome studies on it. The present study investigates number, structure and behavior of chromosome in cashew populations growing in Nigeria. Cytological examination of these populations ...

Chromosome studies in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJB SERVER

2007-01-18

Jan 18, 2007 ... behavior of chromosome in cashew populations growing in Nigeria. Cytological examination of these ... which penetrate very deep into the soil profile and lateral roots that sometimes ... The importance of cytological information to crop improvement ..... Tree nuts production, processing and products,. Vol.

Sud du Sahara | Page 279 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Lors de sa visite en Afrique occidentale, en août, l'honorable Marie-Claude Bibeau, ... recognizable from the cluster of red grains emerging from between its leaves; ... Un projet financé par le CRDI mise sur la technologie des textos pour lutter ...

Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal - Vol 2, No 3 (2013)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Antibacterial Potential of Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) Juice Against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. MN Vivek, M Manasa, S Pallavi, SHC Swamy, KTR Prashith ...

Mycology and spoilage of retail cashew nuts | Adebajo | African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

All the species recovered induced detectable loss in weights of the milled nuts, though to varying extents and would be expected to cause considerable spoilage of the nuts. Key words: Cashew nut, Anacardium occidentale, fungal count, mycology, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., spoilage. African Journal of Biotechnology ...

Identification of antimicrobial properties of cashew, Anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Michael Horsfall

3 *Department of. Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Email: bionyananyo@yahoo.com. ABSTRACT: The antimicrobial capabilities of plant extract derived from the leaves of the cashew plant,. Anacardium occidentale L. (Family ...

Nitrogen uptake by size-fractionated plankton in permanently well-mixed temperate coastal waters

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Wafar, M.V.M.; L'Helguen, S.; Raikar, V.; Maguernd, J.-F.; Le Corre, P.

’absorption de l’azote dans un syste`me brasse´ peu profound (Manche occidentale). Oceanol. Acta., 19, 529–537. Malone, T. C. (1980) Algal size. In Morris, I. (ed.), The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 433–463. Platt, T. and Li, W...

anti-inflammatory activity of selected nigerian medicinal plants

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Extracts of nineteen plant species from an inventory of Nigerian medicinal plants were screened for activity in two in vitro anti-inflammatory model test systems, inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and PAF-induced elastase release from neutrophilis. Anacardium occidentale and Acalipha hispida were active in both test ...

African Journal of Political Science - Vol 4, No 2 (1999)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'implication Des Puissances Occidentales Dans Les Processus De Démocratisation En Afrique: Analyse Des Actions Américaine Et Française Au Cameroun (1989-1997) · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Martin Dieudonné Ebolo, 46-88.

Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ABSTRACT: Anacardium occidentale is a local medicinal plant used in ethno medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, constipation,pain and inflammation. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of this plant parts were assessed for anti- inflammatory and antibacterial activities using experimental animal model and agar disc ...

Author Details

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Mshelia, MS. Vol 17 (2012) - Articles Determination of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Mangifera Indica, Psidium Guajava L. and Anacardium Occidentale L. in Trikania Industrial Area, Kaduna-Nigeria. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1119-0221. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians ...

Sperm parameters of male Wistar rats treated with Anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: Annacardium occidentale is a medicinal plant with several biological properties. Phytochemical screening of its leaf and stem bark was reported to be rich in alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins and saponins. Many plant extract with these phytochemicals are reputed for their antifertility activities. This study was ...

Adiestramiento en el diagnóstico de las parasitosis intestinales en la red de laboratorios de Cuba

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Núñez Fidel Angel

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En 1997, se desarrolló un proyecto nacional de adiestramiento integral para el diagnóstico de las parasitosis intestinales, el que incluyó 4 cursos; uno com carácter nacional, y otros 3 en las provincias centrales, orientales y occidentales. Al comparar los errores diagnósticos, vimos que Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis y los leucocitos mostraron un porcentaje significativamente menor de fallas después del curso que al comienzo (p 0,05. Por otra parte, al comparar las medias de las puntuaciones antes y después de los cursos, se encontró un aumento significativo en el curso de las provincias centrales (p<0,05, en las occidentales (p < 0,01, y en la totalidad (p < 0,01, lo que demonstró la efectividad a corto plazo de esta intervención. Sin embargo, pensamos que estas actividades de educación continuada deberian seguirse junto com programas nacionales para el control de la calidad.

Adiestramiento en el diagnóstico de las parasitosis intestinales en la red de laboratorios de Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fidel Angel Núñez

Full Text Available En 1997, se desarrolló un proyecto nacional de adiestramiento integral para el diagnóstico de las parasitosis intestinales, el que incluyó 4 cursos; uno com carácter nacional, y otros 3 en las provincias centrales, orientales y occidentales. Al comparar los errores diagnósticos, vimos que Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis y los leucocitos mostraron un porcentaje significativamente menor de fallas después del curso que al comienzo (p 0,05. Por otra parte, al comparar las medias de las puntuaciones antes y después de los cursos, se encontró un aumento significativo en el curso de las provincias centrales (p<0,05, en las occidentales (p < 0,01, y en la totalidad (p < 0,01, lo que demonstró la efectividad a corto plazo de esta intervención. Sin embargo, pensamos que estas actividades de educación continuada deberian seguirse junto com programas nacionales para el control de la calidad.

Taxonomic and phytogeographic implications from ITS phylogeny in Berberis (Berberidaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Young-Dong; Kim, Sung-Hee; Landrum, Leslie R

2004-06-01

A phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from 79 taxa representing much of the diversity of Berberis L. (four major groups and 22 sections) was constructed for the first time. The phylogeny was basically congruent with the previous classification schemes at higher taxonomic levels, such as groups and subgroups. A notable exception is the non-monophyly of the group Occidentales of compound-leaved Berberis (previously separated as Mahonia). At lower levels, however, most of previous sections and subsections were not evident especially in simple-leaved Berberis. Possible relationship between section Horridae (group Occidentales) and the simple-leaved Berberis clade implies paraphyly of the compound-leaved Berberis. A well-known South America-Old World (mainly Asia) disjunctive distribution pattern of the simple-leaved Berberis is explained by a vicariance event occurring in the Cretaceous period. The ITS phylogeny also suggests that a possible connection between the Asian and South American groups through the North American species ( Berberis canadensis or B. fendleri) is highly unlikely.

Antihyperglycemic and renal protective activities of Anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats had been shown to be associated with functional and/or morphological changes in the kidney. Therefore, in the present investigation, we carried out studies on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes in rats chronically treated with Anacardium occidentale on the functional and ...

Smallholder Information Sources and Communication Pathways for Cashew Production and Marketing in Tanzania: An Ex-Post Study in Tandahimba and Lindi Rural Districts, Southern Tanzania

Science.gov (United States)

Nyambo, Brigitte; Ligate, Elly

2013-01-01

Purpose: To identify and review production and marketing information sources and flows for smallholder cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) growers in Tanzania and recommend systems improvements for better technology uptake. Design/methodology/approach: Two-stage purposive samples were drawn. First, two districts in the main cashew producing areas,…

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prashith, KTR. Vol 2, No 3 (2013) - Articles Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Vitex Negundo Var. Negundo and Vitex Negundo Var. Purpurascens – A Comparative Study Abstract PDF · Vol 2, No 3 (2013) - Articles Antibacterial Potential of Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) Juice Against Clinical ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ahanchede, Adam. Vol 95 (2015) - Articles Optimization of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple juice's clarification process by using cassava and rice starch. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-5902. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL ...

In vitro regeneration of hybrid plantlets of cashew (Anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Embryos from immature nuts of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) were cultured in vitro to regenerate improved hybrid plantlets. Explants (embryo) were excised from developing F1 hybrid immature nuts derived from diallel cross and harvested at 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-weeks after pollination (WAPo) for in vitro culture.

Diasporicità sull’esempio di Erich Auerbach in Gad Lerner e Miro Silvera

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jansen, M.M.; Arts, Clemens

2011-01-01

A partire dall’esilio di Erich Auerbach a Istanbul dal 1936 al 1947, il contributo propone una riflessione sui concetti di diaspora e di esilio da adattare a due scrittori italo‐ebrei provenienti dalla diaspora orientale: Miro Silvera con Il passeggero occidentale (2009) e Gad Lerner con Scintille

Secondary metabolite comparison of the species within the Heterobasidion annosum s.l. complex

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansson, David; Wubshet, Sileshi Gizachew; Olson, Åke

2014-01-01

The metabolite production of the five members of the fungal species complex Heterobasidion annosum s.l., i.e. H. annosum s.s., H. abietinum, H. parviporum, H. occidentale and H. irregulare, was analyzed by LC–HRMS. The five members are described to have differences in host preferences: H. annosum...

Assessment of Suitability of Wood Fibres of Four Nigerian Fruit ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Wood fibres of four fruit trees of Nigeria commonly found in Nsukka metropolis were studied and assessed for their suitability for paper-making. These trees include Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Persea americana and Dacryodes edulis. The parameters used in the study were the fibre dimensions and derived ...

Le CRDI félicite la première cohorte de chercheuses en science des ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

15 mai 2018 .... de la biomasse africaine, ainsi que les répercussions de la pollution atmosphérique sur la santé en Afrique occidentale. ... et les températures extrêmes en Côte d'Ivoire dans le contexte de l'Accord de Paris sur le climat.

Effects of some anti-diabetic plants on the hepatic marker enzymes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study was embarked upon in order to evaluate the effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale and Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica on hepatic marker enzymes of diabetic rats. The degree of hepatic damage caused by diabetes mellitus and the effects ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Abba, Y. Vol 17 (2012) - Articles Determination of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Mangifera Indica, Psidium Guajava L. and Anacardium Occidentale L. in Trikania Industrial Area, Kaduna-Nigeria. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1119-0221. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors ...

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new salicylate macrolactones from anacardic acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Logrado, Lucio P.L.; Santos, Maria Lucilia dos; Silveira, Damaris; Romeiro, Luiz A.S.; Moraes, Manoel O. de; Cavalcanti, Bruno C.; Costa-Lotufo, Leticia V.; Pessoa, Claudia do O

2005-01-01

In connection with our ongoing investigation in the search for new bioactive compounds using non-isoprenoid phenolic lipids from Anacardium occidentale as starting material, we describe the synthesis and cytotoxicity screening of some novel salicylate macrolactones prepared from anacardic acids, the major constituents of natural cashew nut-shell liquid (CNSL). (author)

Services ecosystémiques du parc agroforestier à Cordyla pinnata ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les résultats de l'enquête indiquent que les principales espèces ligneuses du parc citées pour leur fonction alimentaire dans la commune de. Keur Samba Guèye sont: Parkia biglobosa. (15%), Anacardium occidentale (13%),. Mangifera indica (10%), Zyziphus mauritiana. (10%), Detarium senegalensis (8%), Parinari.

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Abstract PDF · Vol 17 (2012) - Articles Determination of some heavy metals in spinach and lettuce from selected markets in Kaduna metropolis. Abstract PDF · Vol 17 (2012) - Articles Determination of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Mangifera Indica, Psidium Guajava L. and Anacardium Occidentale L. in Trikania Industrial Area, ...

Larvicidal effects of leaf, bark and nutshell of Anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Comparative analysis of the larvicidal properties of aqueous extracts of leaves, bark and nutshell of Anacardium occidentale L. (Cashew) were evaluated on the larvae of Anopheles gambiae. Three concentrations of 10/100ml, 20/100ml and 30/100ml each of leaf, bark and nutshell were prepared in three replicates.

Résultats de recherche | Page 418 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Plus de 30 ans après l'accession à l'indépendance de plusieurs pays de l'Afrique occidentale, la région reste très divisée. Et les différences commerciales, linguistiques et culturelles accentuent cette division. Publication Date. 1 janvier 1995. Livres ...

Classi plurilingue in condizioni di super-diversita

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Spotti, Max

2015-01-01

Il plurilinguismo nelle classi è e rimane un punto di preoccupazione per gli insegnanti fin dall'inizio della scuola dell'obbligo. In Italia, cosi come in tutta l’Europa occidentale, da quando le scuole hanno aperto le loro porte ai bambini appartenenti a comunità immigrate, i docenti si sono dovuti

Bangalore, ville des nouvelles technologies

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Clarisse Didelon

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Bangalore est devenue la Silicon Valley de l’Inde. Une partie de ses habitants y vit à l’occidentale mais le reste de la population souffre de la croissance spectaculaire de la ville. Face à l’insuffisance des infrastructures, Bangalore devient de moins en moins attractive pour les entreprises internationales.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Saidou, Aliou. Vol 95 (2015) - Articles Optimization of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple juice's clarification process by using cassava and rice starch. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-5902. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's ...

La suerte de la inteligencia

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Iván Ulchur Collazos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Confirma que la telenovela latinoamericana es el principal medio de expresión del continente, con más penetración que el cine, la novela o el teatro. Analiza "Betty la fea" que rompe con estereotipos occidentales de que las mujeres son solo objetos para la apetencia de los machos.

ORIGINAL ARTILE 141

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Boaz

extracts employed were from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Anacardium occidentale (Cashew), Euphorbia hirta (Asthma weed),Jatropha curcas (Physic nut), ... d'inhibition complète à l'égard d'aucun des isolats cliniques à 100 mg/ml mais montrent un souci nettement inférieur à la plus faible concentration de. 25 mg/ml mieux.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ogunwolu, S.O. Vol 10, No 5 (2010) - Articles Production of protein concentrate and isolate from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1684-5374. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's Partners · Terms ...

Proprietes antifongiques des extraits de trois especes d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Neuf extraits hydroéthanoliques des feuilles, d'écorces de tige et de racines de trois Anacardiaceae (Mangifera indica A. (Rich.), Anacardium occidentale L., Spondias mombin L.) introduites au Togo ont fait objet de tests antifongiques en vue de justifier leurs usages en médecine traditionnelle contre les affections causées ...

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Dossou, Joseph. Vol 10, No 1 (2016) - Articles Influence des bulles gazeuses et des préparations fermentatives complexes sur la viscosité des mélasses de betterave à sucre. Abstract PDF · Vol 11, No 4 (2017) - Articles Bioefficacy of powdery formulations based on kaolin powder and cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) ...

4. Bend.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sulaiman.adebowale

25 févr. 2008 ... C'est après la deuxième guerre mondiale que naît la notion de ..... cependant pas à ignorer des situations qui, très contrastées à l'échelle de la ..... nante occidentale, ils ne semblent cependant pas préconiser autre chose que.

TANNIN POTENCIAL EVALUATION OF SIX FOREST SPECIES OF BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION

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Juarez Benigno Paes

2006-09-01

Full Text Available The hide tanners of Brazil Northeast region have in Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Brenan var. cebil (Gris. Alts. their only source of tannins. As the activity of exploration is extractiviste without the concern of recovery of explored trees and the absence of other tannin sources, exposes the specie to exhaustion and the tanners and extractivistes family to go bankruptcy. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the tanin potential of Prosopis juliflora, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Anacardium occidentale, Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa arenosa and Croton sonderianus. These species, Anacardium occidentale, Mimosa arenosa and Mimosa temuiflora showed, respectively, 19.83%, 18.11% and 17.74% of tannins. The Anadenanthera colubrina showed 11.89% and was inferior them mentioned species. The Prosopis juliflora and Croton sonderianus showed 3.02% and 6.62%, respectively. The abundance of Mimosa arenosa and Mimosa tenuiflora in the Brazilian Semi-arid proposes them as potential of tannin production. However, there is need of researches to verify their technical viability for skins, as well as for other uses for tannins.

Characteristics of postharvest quality in regional fruits treate with ionizing radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Josenilda M.; Villar, Heldio P. [Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares (CRCN/CNEN-NE), Recife, PE (Brazil)], e-mail: jmnilda@cnen.gov.br; Correia, Lidia C.S.A.; Maciel, Maria Ines S. [Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE (Brazil)], e-mail: aidil_alencar@yahoo.com.br, e-mail: marines@ufrpe.br

2009-07-01

In order to investigate the effects of irradiation on the main characteristics of quality postharvest of three cultivated species of the Northeast Region of Brazil, experiments with cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. var. Nanum), sapodilla (Manilkara sapodilla (L) Van Royen) and mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) have been performed. Cashew peduncles stored for fourteen days under 6.5 deg C had presented best results in the sensorial analyses for external appearance, flavour and aroma when irradiated with 1 kGy. sapodillas irradiated with doses of 300, 600 and 900 Gy have not displayed harmed sensorial qualities when stored under 20 deg C during twelve days. Doses up to 800 Gy had not harmed the external and internal appearance of mangabas after being stored for a fortnight under 13 deg C. Chemical characteristics of TSS, TTA, pH and solid/acidity ratio have not been affected significantly by the different doses applied to the three studied species. Amount of ascorbic acid was lower in the irradiated fruits, with significant differences for the species Anacardium occidentale L. var. Nanum and Hancornia speciosa Gomes. (author)

Characteristics of postharvest quality in regional fruits treate with ionizing radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Josenilda M.; Villar, Heldio P.; Correia, Lidia C.S.A.; Maciel, Maria Ines S.

2009-01-01

In order to investigate the effects of irradiation on the main characteristics of quality postharvest of three cultivated species of the Northeast Region of Brazil, experiments with cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. var. Nanum), sapodilla (Manilkara sapodilla (L) Van Royen) and mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) have been performed. Cashew peduncles stored for fourteen days under 6.5 deg C had presented best results in the sensorial analyses for external appearance, flavour and aroma when irradiated with 1 kGy. sapodillas irradiated with doses of 300, 600 and 900 Gy have not displayed harmed sensorial qualities when stored under 20 deg C during twelve days. Doses up to 800 Gy had not harmed the external and internal appearance of mangabas after being stored for a fortnight under 13 deg C. Chemical characteristics of TSS, TTA, pH and solid/acidity ratio have not been affected significantly by the different doses applied to the three studied species. Amount of ascorbic acid was lower in the irradiated fruits, with significant differences for the species Anacardium occidentale L. var. Nanum and Hancornia speciosa Gomes. (author)

"Tetsugaku Manga". Filosofia occidentale a fumetti in Giappone

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La Marca, Paolo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to analyse some Japanese comics based on important works of Western philosophers. The focus is on the direct use of philosophical texts, by reference to the “Manga de Dokuha“ series published by East Press. Following a brief introduction of this series and its purposes, a more detailed analysis based on two well-known philosophical classics: Human, All Too Human, by Friederich Nietzsche, and The Prince, by Niccolò Machiavelli, is conducted.

Resistencia antimicrobiana en Hospitales nor-occidentales de Nicaragua

OpenAIRE

Herrera, Karen; Espinoza, Meylin; Mejía, Yaoli; Zambrana, Luis Enrrique; Silva, Erasmo; Rojas, Jency; Gadea, Walter; Chavarria, Sergio; Hernandez, Mario; Ramirez, María Mercedes; Membreño, Juana María; Lara, María Eugenia; Saenz, J. E.; Valle, S.; Torrez, A.

2007-01-01

En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento de la incidencia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana entre patógenos que causan infecciones intra-hospitalarias principalmente y también en la comunidad. La Resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema global de salud pública, promovido básicamente por el uso y abuso de los antibióticos. El fenómeno de la Resistencia antimicrobiana es un área prioritaria de investigación del Centro de investigación de enfermedades infecciosas y como parte de sus act...

Valores occidentales en el discurso publicitario audiovisual argentino

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Isidoro Arroyo Almaraz

2012-04-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se desarrolla un análisis del discurso publicitario audiovisual argentino. Se pretende identificar los valores sociales que comunica con mayor predominancia y su posible vinculación con los valores característicos de la sociedad occidental posmoderna. Con este propósito se analizó la frecuencia de aparición de valores sociales para el estudio de 28 anuncios de diferentes anunciantes . Como modelo de análisis se utilizó el modelo “Seven/Seven” (siete pecados capitales y siete virtudes cardinales ya que se considera que los valores tradicionales son herederos de las virtudes y los pecados, utilizados por la publicidad para resolver necesidades relacionadas con el consumo. La publicidad audiovisual argentina promueve y anima ideas relacionadas con las virtudes y pecados a través de los comportamientos de los personajes de los relatos audiovisuales. Los resultados evidencian una mayor frecuencia de valores sociales caracterizados como pecados que de valores sociales caracterizados como virtudes ya que los pecados se transforman a través de la publicidad en virtudes que dinamizan el deseo y que favorecen el consumo fortaleciendo el aprendizaje de las marcas. Finalmente, a partir de los resultados obtenidos se reflexiona acerca de los usos y alcances sociales que el discurso publicitario posee.

(Anacardium occidentale L.) kernel oil by lipolytic organisms

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2010-08-02

Aug 2, 2010 ... African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(31), pp. .... amount of NaOH used in the titration to bring the reaction mixture to. pH of 9.5 under the ..... Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Cambridge. Adebajo LO ...

Structures et dynamiques de l'espace gabonais

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Stéphane LEROY

1995-06-01

Full Text Available L’organisation spatiale du Gabon peut être envisagée comme le résultat de l’arrangement particulier de structures spatiales générales, communes à la grande majorité des pays côtiers de l’Afrique occidentale et équatoriale. La modélisation graphique permet de le vérifier.

Editorial - Les Defis de la Pratique medicale en Afrique sub ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La solution à ce dilemme semble se trouver dans un assemblage harmonieux entre les valeurs profondes de l'Afrique, notamment l'esprit de solidarité, et les certitudes de la technologie occidentale. C'est à cette transhumance intellectuelle que les praticiens du continent doivent se livrer pour réduire les disparités de prise ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 51 - 75 of 75 ... Vol 1, No 1 (2002), The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) powdery mildew disease epidemic in Kenya, Abstract. George M Siboe. Vol 3, No 1 (2004), The Diversity of Biological Nitrogen Fixing Systems in Kenya, Abstract. JHP Kahindi, NK Karanja, D Odee, FB Mwaura. Vol 1, No 1 (2005), The effect of ...

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Malainy, Diatta. Vol 11, No 2 (2017) - Articles Influence de la flore ligneuse associée dans la production des parcs à Anacardium occidentale L. dans la communauté rurale de Djibanar (Casamance/Sénégal) Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for ...

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences - Vol 6 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Croissance et aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d'anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) élites utilisés comme porte–greffe en Côte d'Ivoire · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. J-BA Djaha, AA N'daadopo, EK Koffi, CK Ballo, M Coulibaly, 1453- ...

South of Sahara | Page 11 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La productivité agricole en Afrique centrale et occidentale demeure faible, mais il existe un solide potentiel de recherche pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans la région. La mise en place d'une production agricole durable est essentielle à des stratégies efficaces pour une croissance économique durable ...

Le CRDI au Forum de la révolution verte en Afrique 2017 | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 oct. 2017 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

Un logiciel pour la justice | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 oct. 2010 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

IDRC at the Africa Green Revolution Forum 2017 | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 oct. 2017 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

Pauvreté, croissance démographique et violence chez les jeunes ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 avr. 2016 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

Dégâts des bruches sur le pouvoir germinatif des graines de quatre ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

29 févr. 2016 ... cultures vivrières de base en Afrique Occidentale et centrale (MULEBA et al., 1997). En RD Congo il est ... correspondant à deux cycles de reproduction, avec des trous ou des œufs sur elles. Les trous ... tout simplement de déterminer le nombre des bruches et leurs espèces à charger dans chaque boite ...

Les attaques des Termites (Isoptera) dans les parcelles de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 août 2016 ... habitations, les agro systèmes et les pâturages dans une savane sahélienne à Matam. (Sénégal). Mémoire de DEA, Université Ch. A. Diop de Dakar, pp. 51. Silvestri F : 1914-15. Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei. Termitidi e Termitophili dell'Africa occidentale. I. Termitidi. Bolletino del Laboratorio di ...

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Lawson, Renaud G. Vol 11, No 5 (2017) - Articles Contribution à l'amélioration du taux de réussite du greffage de l'anacardier (Anacardium occidentale) en pépinière dans la commune de Parakou au Nord-Bénin Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for ...

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Mere, Sabi Bira Joseph Tokore Orou. Vol 11, No 5 (2017) - Articles Contribution à l'amélioration du taux de réussite du greffage de l'anacardier (Anacardium occidentale) en pépinière dans la commune de Parakou au Nord-Bénin Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL.

1756-IJBCS-Article-Sylvanus Yoa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

alimentaires améliore significativement la croissance et l'indice de consommation chez les porcelets (Albar et al., 2000 ; Burnham et al., 2000, Bertol et al., 2001). Ainsi, tout comme les graines précédemment citées, l'incorporation de la noix de cajou. (Anacardium occidentale) dans l'alimentation du bétail a présenté des ...

Stealing the sacred: Why 'global heritage' discourse is perceived as ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Fomba gasy est un concept étroitement lié à la terre car il fournit une toile environnementale, sociale, économique, existentielle, culturelle et ontologique, qui relie les générations passées, présentes et futures. Les conceptualisations globales ou occidentales du patrimoine tendent généralement à adopter une définition ...

Gender | Page 25 | IDRC - International Development Research ...

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La productivité agricole en Afrique centrale et occidentale demeure faible, mais il existe un solide potentiel de recherche pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans la région. La mise en place d'une production agricole durable est essentielle à des stratégies efficaces pour une croissance économique durable ...

L’économie politique de l’ "aide boomerang" dans la Région autonome du Tibet

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A.M. Fischer (Andrew Martín)

2009-01-01

textabstractCet article explique comment la contestation de la domination chinoise au Tibet est exacerbée par la croissance rapide que les régions tibétaines de Chine occidentale connaissent depuis le milieu des années 1990. Dans un contexte général où les populations tibétaines continuent à ne pas

Étude diachronique des changements du couvert végétal dans un écosystème montagneux par télédétection spatiale : cas des monts du Tessala (Algérie occidentale

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Salah Eddine Bachir Bouiadjra

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution des modes d'utilisation des sols et du couvert végétal est une préoccupation majeure pour les pays dont les écosystèmes subissent des dégradations sévères. En effet, les dynamiques d'occupation des sols ont des implications directes sur la disponibilité des ressources naturelles. Notre étude menée sur les monts du Tessala en Algérie occidentale, en utilisant l'indice de végétation par différence normalisée (NDVI, met en évidence l'ampleur des changements du couvert végétal entre 1987 à 2007. Une évolution régressive prononcée du couvert végétal est constatée au sud-est et au nord-ouest des monts du Tessala, tout particulièrement dans la "forêt de Tessala", sur les communes d'Aïn-Thrid, Tessala et Sehala. Les principaux facteurs contribuant à la régression du couvert végétal sont : la déforestation (plus de 26 délits de coupe par an, le surpâturage (420 délits de pâturage illicite par an, les incendies de forêts (plus de 20 incendies par an et l'érosion hydrique qui en résulte (environ 72 % des superficies sont concernées.A better understanding of the changing patterns of land use and land cover, is a major concern for countries where ecosystems are being severely degraded. Indeed, the dynamic feature of land use has important implications on natural resources. Our study conducted on the Tessala mountains, by using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, put in evidence the importance of changes in vegetation cover between 1987 and 2007. A pronounced regressive evolution is observed in south-east and north-west of the Tessala mountains, especially in the "forest of Tessala", in the communes of Aïn-Thrid, Tessala and Sehala. The main factors of environmental degradation, are : deforestation (over 26 offenses cut every year, overgrazing (420 crimes of illegal grazing every year, forest fires (more than 20 fires every year and resultant erosion (more

Stoneflies of the genus Zwicknia Murányi, 2014 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from western Switzerland.

Science.gov (United States)

Reding, Jean-Paul G

2018-02-21

Le genre Zwicknia Murányi, de la famille des Capniidae, a récemment été proposé pour inclure Capnia bifrons (Newman), ce qui a rendu nécessaire la révision du matériel collecté en Suisse occidentale et identifié précédemment comme correspondant à cette espèce. Cette révision, qui a depuis abouti à la description d'une espèce nouvelle pour la science, Zwicknia ledoarei Reding et al., est maintenant complétée, permettant de signaler la présence de deux espèces supplémentaires, Z. bifrons et Z. westermanni Boumans Murányi, la dernière nouvelle pour la Suisse. Des informations sur la distribution, les préférences écologiques, la zoogéographie et le statut de conservation de ces espèces en Suisse occidentale sont également apportées. Finalement, une clé d'identification pour les larves et les adultes mâles des espèces précitées est proposée.

Pondération de la base juridique du droit au logement au Zimbabwe ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 déc. 2016 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

Weighing the legal basis for housing rights in Zimbabwe | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 déc. 2016 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

Profil de la ville : Transformation et injustice à Mumbai | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 déc. 2016 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain ...

Simmetria e natura dalle armonie delle figure alle invarianze delle leggi

CERN Document Server

Castellani, Elena

2000-01-01

Dagli antichi in poi, la simmetria ha sempre esercitato una funzione importante nella storia del pensiero occidentale. Ma quale simmetria? Che cosa ha in comune la simmetria degli antichi, fondata sulla proporzione e sull’armonia, con la simmetria dei moderni e della scienza contemporanea? Il rapporto tra simmetria e natura apre una prospettiva privilegiata per intendere il concetto di simmetria nelle sue caratteristiche essenziali.

Powders and extracts of syzygium aromaticum and anacardium ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sitophilus oryzae est une peste majeure des grains de sorgho (Sorghum bicor L.) en stockage au Nigeria. Ainsi une étude a été réalisée pour évaluer les effets entomocides de Syzygium aromaticum et Anacardium occidentale à une temperature ambiante de 28±2 ºC et une humidité relative de 75±5%. Les poudres étaient ...

Anelídeos poliquetos associados a um briozoário: II. Palmyridae Polychaetous annelids associated to a bryozoan: II. Palmyridae

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Eloisa H Morgado

1981-06-01

Full Text Available Two species of Palmyridae were found in colonies of the bryozoan Schizoporella unicorns (Johnston: Bhawania brunea new for the science, and Chrysopetalum occidentale Johnson, cited for the first time for the Brazilian coast. These two species are described and their distribution is established. Bhawania brunea sp. nov. is conspicuously characterized by the structures on the prostomium and the configuration of the paleae.

Culture de la violence, destruction des normes et déshumanisation en Afrique

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gewald, J.B.

2003-01-01

La violence a été omniprésente dans l'Afrique du XXe siècle, et si son impact politique a été vu sous l'angle de l'État, la portée sociale et culturelle de la violence, elle, a été minimisée. Or la violence telle qu'elle se manifeste actuellement en Afrique australe (Zimbabwe), occidentale (Liberia,

Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Cashew Nut Shell) dengan Katalis Ag/Zeolit

OpenAIRE

Astuti, Rimby Puji; Suyati, Linda; Nuryanto, Rahmad

2012-01-01

Tanaman jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L. merupakan salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Kulit biji jambu mete mengandung 50% minyak yang terdiri dari senyawa fenolat berupa 90% asam anakardat dan 10% berupa kardol dan kardanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis Ag/zeolit, melakukan pirolisis kulit jambu mete, mengetahui pengaruh temperatur pirolisis terhadap produk cair pirolisis dan membandingkan produk cair hasi...

antidiabetic activity of anacardium occidentale in alloxan – diabetic

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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ethanolic extract led to fractions that displayed diverse hypoglycemic effects at doses of 34.0,. 200.0 and 300.0 mg/kg body ... plates. TLC bands were visualized under UV lamps at 254 and 366 nm or with vanilin spray reagent. Plant Material.

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEAVES OF Anacardium occidentale L.

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Glenda Quaresma Ramos

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In morphological studies are analyzed various parameters, ranging from macro scale through the micro scale to the nanometer scale, which contribute to the study of taxonomy, pharmacognosy, ecology, among others. Among the structures found in plants, the leaves are most organs analyzed. This study aimed to analyze morphological features of the leaves of the cashew tree, which is a plant of great commercial importance in Brazil. In this work we observed sinuous epidermal cells in the adaxial and abaxial, characterize their stomata in paracytic surrounded subsidiaries cells. On the abaxial surface the presence of glandular trichomes was observed; and cross-sectional analysis showed a single-layered epidermis with compact mesophyll and several layers of parenchyma cells. Keywords: leaf anatomy; cashew tree; optical microscopy.

Application of tissue culture to cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Summary of the previous works on the in vitro culture of cashew is highlighted with emphasis on the critical factors that influence the explants response and plantlet regeneration. The recalcitrant nature of cashew has been attributed to the limited success recorded so far in the in vitro culture of the crop and abnormal ...

Anthelmintic efficacy of cashew (Anarcadium occidentale L.) on in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jane

2011-08-24

Aug 24, 2011 ... concentrations between 1 and 0.0075 µg/ml. The control plates contained the diluents, water and acetone or 0.3% DMSO and the egg solution. The eggs were incubated in this mixture for 48 h at. 27°C and 70% relative humidity. After this time, a drop of Lugol's iodine solution (Reidel de Hae, Germany) was ...

GUL Herbaryumu'nun Ranunculaceae Familyası Envanteri

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Hasan Özçelik

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Özet: Bu çalışma, GUL Herbaryumu'nda bulunan Ranunculaceae familyası örneklerinin yeniden düzenlenmesi, internet sitesinde veri tabanı hazırlanması, teşhis edilmemiş örneklerin teşhis edilmesi, teşhislilerin mevcut literatür ışığında kontrol edilmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile GUL Herbaryumu'nda Ranunculaceae familyasına bağlı 16 cins ve bu cinslere ait 132 takson belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 26'ısı Türkiye için endemiktir. Endemizm oranı ise % 19,6'dır. GUL'daki Ranunculaceae familyasının tür zenginliği yönünden ilk 5 sıradaki cinsleri: Ranunculus (62 takson, Delphinium (17 takson, Consolida (16 takson, Nigella (6 takson, Thalictrum (6 takson'dur. Bunlardan; 17 takson LR, 9 takson VU, 3 takson EN ve 1 takson ise CR kategorisindedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ranunculaceae, GUL herbaryumu, envanter, biyolojik çeşitlilik, Isparta, Türkiye. Ranunculaceae Family Inventory of Herbarium Gul Abstract: This study is based on the rearrangement of Ranunculaceae family samples which are included in Herbarium GUL, the preparation of datebase in the website, the diagnosis of the samples which have not been diagnoised, checking the diagnosed ones according to present literature and the properties that don't comply with the definitions in the basic systematic works. With this study, 16 genara in Ranunculaceae family in Herbarium GUL and 132 taxa belong to these genara have been determined. 26 of these taxa are endemics for Türkiye and endemism ratio is % 19,6. The top 5 genera in term of kind abundance in Ranunculaceae family in Herbarium GUL are Ranunculus (62 taxa, Delphinium (17 taxa, Consolida (16 taxa, Nigella (6 taxa, Thalictrum (6 taxa. 17 taxa belong to LR category, 9 taxa belong to VU category, 3 taxa belong to EN category ve 1taxon belong to CR category. Key words: Ranunculaceae, herbarium GUL, inventory, biodiversity, Isparta, Türkiye.

Le suivi de la pauvreté dans les Philippines | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

15 juil. 2011 ... La province de Palawan, formée d'un étroit archipel de 1 700 îles qui bordent la frontière occidentale des Philippines, est saisissante par sa beauté — et son extrême pauvreté. Beaucoup de ses habitants n'ont ni eau potable, ni installations sanitaires adéquates, ni électricité. Un grand nombre sont illettrés, ...

L'espace mondial des grandes manifestations sportives internationales

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Daniel MATHIEU

1989-06-01

Full Text Available La carte des grandes manifestations sportives mondiales montre une forte concentration des épreuves dans un petit nombre de pays développés, en particulier l'Europe occidentale. L'examen des nations concernées par les tournois majeurs du tennis et par le cyclisme professionnel soulignent, avec les nuances propres à chacun des sports, l'étroitesse des espaces intéressés.

Allegory of the East: The pact with the Devil in Tawfiq al-Hakim

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Roberta Tanzi

2011-11-01

Full Text Available 1. Scopo L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di indagare le modalità e la fenomenologia della penetrazione di un mito profondamente occidentale — come quello di Faust — nella produzione di uno tra i più noti scrittori e drammaturghi arabi del Novecento: Tawfiq al-Hakim, concentrandosi in particolare su una sua novella del 1938, Ahd al-Shaytān (Il patto col diavolo. 2. Metodologia La novella, scelta in quanto exemplum rappresentativo di una pratica corrente nella produzione dell’autore, ovvero la rifunzionalizzazione di argomenti e personaggi mitologici di varia derivazione, viene analizzata nella prospettiva di una rivisitazione della leggenda di Faust e del suo patrimonio tematico e iconografico. La sua analisi permette di rilevare le tappe di un percorso assai interessante: quello della penetrazione e integrazione di un mito dell’Occidente moderno nella tradizione araba, considerato alla luce degli effetti che l’interazione con gli elementi tradizionali e autoctoni di quel patrimonio producono sul processo di assimilazione. 3. Risultati In quest’ottica, il corpus di Tawfiq al-Hakim appare fondante, non solo in virtù della sua familiarità con la trattazione di temi mitici provenienti anche dalla tradizione occidentale, ma per gli elementi di novità ed esclusività che da quella trattazione emergono.

2471-IJBCS-Article-Lamine Baba Moussa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Revue documentaire sur les filières agricoles et le crédit vivrier au. Bénin : cas de la filière maïs. Rapport d'étude, 38p. Guèye MT, Seck D, Wathelet J-P, Lognay G. 2011. Lutte contre les ravageurs des stocks de céréales et de légumineuses au. Sénégal et en Afrique occidentale : synthèse bibliographique. Biotechnol.

La Geografia dell’Antidistopia. Come mappare l’ecologismo contemporaneo?

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Alex Foti

2008-03-01

Full Text Available E’ con il 1968 e la Contestazione che l’ecologismo entra di prepotenza nella scena pubblica occidentale. In Nordamerica, grazie alla pubblicazione di Silent Spring di Rachel Carson – testo fondativo dell’ambientalismo sugli effetti nefasti del DDT sulla catena alimentare – e alle grandi manifestazioni legate all’istituzione dell’Earth Day (1970, l’ecologismo lavora in profondità nella società civile, dando vita a ONG internazionali del peso di Greenpeace.

Élaboration et distribution d'un nouveau vaccin contre la babésiose ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 mars 2018 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain · Ce que nous faisons · Financement · Ressources ...

Un think tank ouest-africain accroît son rayonnement et renforce ses ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 avr. 2016 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain · Ce que nous faisons · Financement · Ressources ...

Un institut nigérien accorde la priorité à la gestion financière | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 avr. 2016 ... La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain. La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait pe. Voir davantageLa criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain · Ce que nous faisons · Financement · Ressources ...

Caractérisation physico-chimique et sensorielle de diverses ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le matériel végétal utilisé était constitué de pommes de cajou (Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae) et d'ananas. (Ananas comosus). Les pommes de cajou. (Figure 1) utilisées sont composées de pommes rouges et jaunes provenant du centre de la Côte d'Ivoire dans la région des lacs plus précisément de la ville de ...

Ingesta de huevo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes; papel de la actividad física: Estudio HELENA

OpenAIRE

A. Soriano-Maldonado; M. Cuenca-García; L. A. Moreno; M. González-Gross; C. Leclercq; O. Androutsos; E. J. Guerra-Hernández; M. J. Castillo; J. R. Ruiz

2013-01-01

Introducci??n: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECVs) suponen la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad en los pa??ses occidentales. El incremento del colesterol plasm??tico se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de ECV. El huevo, por su alto contenido en colesterol, ha sido indirectamente relacionado con el riesgo de desarrollar ECVs. Objetivo: Examinar la asociaci??n entre ingesta de huevo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes, estudiando si dicha relaci??n est?? influenciada por ...

Passando per Milano. Kebba Suwareh, immigrato dal Gambia, e le conseguenze dell’illegalità

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Alice Bellagamba

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Il centro d’accoglienza Naga-Har, l’abitazione del cugino, le carceri di San Vittore e di Bollate sono alcuni dei luoghi tra il 2005 e il 2007 attraversati da Kebba Suwareh - richiedente asilo originario del Gambia (un piccolo paese dell’Africa Occidentale affacciato sull’Oceano Atlantico e circondato su tre lati dal Senegal - mentre aspettava che la sua domanda d’asilo politico fosse valutata dalla commissione territoriale di Milano.

An appraisal of irrigated temperate and tropical millet varieties in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le mil est la principale culture vivrière dans les régions semi-arides de l'Afrique Occidentale. Les faibles rendements enregistrés dans les systèmes de culture de subsistance sont le fait d'une gestion inadéquate et de la rareté de l'eau. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer l'aptitude du mil à s'intégrer dans une rotation ...

La criminalité et la pauvreté au Ghana urbain | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 déc. 2016 ... La manière dont la criminalité et la pauvreté interagissent a été étudiée et débattue dans la littérature de recherche occidentale, mais on sait peu de choses sur ces dynamiques en Afrique. Dans une série de sept articles, ce numéro spécial de 2016 du Journal de la géographie du Ghana contribue à ...

Plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil

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Flávio França

1996-06-01

Full Text Available This paper records the plants used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis (L(Vb among the rural population of a cocoa- producing coastal area of Bahia state, Brazil. An enquiry conducted among a hundred patients identified 49 plant species used to treat skin ulceration caused by this Leishmania species. The principal plants used are caju-branco (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae, used by 65% of the population, folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta - Melastomataceae 39%, alfavaca-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus - Lamiaceae 33%, mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides - Chenopodiaceae 31%, erva-de-santa-maria (Solatium americanum - Solanaceae (25% and transagem (Plantago major - Plantaginaceae. 2%.Este trabalho relata as plantas usadas no tratamento da leishmaniose cutânea, causada por Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis (L(Vb, na população rural da faixa litorânea produtora de cacau do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Um inquérito realizado entre 100 pacientes, identificou 49 espécies de plantas usadas para tratar úlceras de pele causadas por esta espécie de Leishmânia. As principais plantas usadas foram o cajueiro-branco (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae usado por 65% da população, a folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta - Melastomataceae 39%, a alfavaca-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus - Lamiaceae 33%, o mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides - henopodiaceae 31%, a erva-de-santa-maria (Solanum americanum - Solanaceae 25% e a transagem (Plantago major - Plantaginaceae 2%.

Exposure to Anacardiaceae volatile oils and their constituents induces lipid peroxidation within food-borne bacteria cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Montanari, Ricardo M; Barbosa, Luiz C A; Demuner, Antonio J; Silva, Cleber J; Andrade, Nelio J; Ismail, Fyaz M D; Barbosa, Maria C A

2012-08-14

The chemical composition of the volatile oils from five Anacardiaceae species and their activities against Gram positive and negative bacteria were assessed. The peroxidative damage within bacterial cell membranes was determined through the breakdown product malondialdehyde (MDA). The major constituents in Anacardium humile leaves oil were (E)-caryophyllene (31.0%) and α-pinene (22.0%), and in Anacardium occidentale oil they were (E)-caryophyllene (15.4%) and germacrene-D (11.5%). Volatile oil from Astronium fraxinifolium leaves were dominated by (E)-β-ocimene (44.1%) and α-terpinolene (15.2%), whilst the oil from Myracrodruon urundeuva contained an abundance of δ-3-carene (78.8%). However, Schinus terebinthifolius leaves oil collected in March and July presented different chemical compositions. The oils from all species, except the one from A. occidentale, exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Oil extracted in July from S. terebinthifolius was more active against all bacterial strains than the corresponding oil extracted in March. The high antibacterial activity of the M. urundeuva oil could be ascribed to its high δ-3-carene content. The amounts of MDA generated within bacterial cells indicate that the volatile oils induce lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that one putative mechanism of antibacterial action of these volatile oils is pro-oxidant damage within bacterial cell membrane explaining in part their preservative properties.

Distribucion geografica de Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae, vector de la batonellosis humana en el Peru Geographical distribution of Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae vector of human bartonellosis in Peru

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Abraham G. Caceres

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913 (Diptera: Psychodidae, vector natural de la verruga peruana o enfermedad de Carrión es una especie propia del Perú. Su distribución geográfica esta entre los paralelos 5º y 13º25' de latitud Sur, se encuentra en los valles Occidentales e Interandinos de los Andes. La distribución altitudinal de Lu. verrucarum en los diversos valles es variable; asi: Occidentales, desde 1100 hasta 2980 msnm e Interandinos, de 1200 a 3200 msnm. En ciertas áreas verrucógenas no hay correlación entre la presencia de Lu. verrucarum y la enfermedad de Carrión lo que suguiere la existencia de vectores secundarios.Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913 (Diptera: Psychodidae; the natural vector of Bartonella bacilliformis, agent of human bartonellosis (peruvian verruga or Carrion's disease, is a native specie of Peru; its geographic distribution occurres between latitudes 5º and 13º 25' South: in the Occidental and Interandean valleys of the Andean. The altitudinal distribution of Lu. verrucarum in the different valleys is as follows: Occidental between 1100 and 2980 m sea level and Interandean from 1200 to 3200 m sea level. Some discrepancies between the distribution of Carrion's disease and Lu. verrucarum suggest the existence of secondary vectors in certain areas where Lu. verrucarum is not present

Western imperialism and eastern accounting: the story of Chartered Institute of Management Accountants in Sri Lanka

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Bala Balachandran

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El documento es el resultado de una investigación sobre el crecimiento de la profesión contable en Sri Lanka. La pregunta orientadora del mismo es si las prácticas constables de gestión occidental pueden ser efectivas aún sin tener en cuenta las necesidades locales. Este es un aspecto sin antecedentes en la literatura. El estudio se desarrolló mediante la ejecución de entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros fundadores del Instituto de contadores de gestión y algunos practicantes de Sri Lanka. Los resultados evidencian una brecha entre las técnicas de contabilidad de gestión utilizadas en Occidente y la práctica de la contabilidad de gestión en Oriente. El documento anota algunas razones para explicar esta brecha, encontrando que el contexto es diferente, seguido que las prácticas occidentales no se ajustan a las exigencies de desarrollo de un país post-colonial. Mientras la teoría sigue los planteamientos occidentales, la práctica sigue las exigencias de oriente. El artículo contribuye al debate sobre si el imperialismo occidental, la contabilidad y dinámica comunidades de las comunidades contables locales. Finalmente, el papel hace un aporte a los trabajos que debaten la forma como los cuerpos profesionales en contaduría se van estructurando.

Ecological status of high altitude medicinal plants and their sustainability: Lingshi, Bhutan.

Science.gov (United States)

Lakey; Dorji, Kinley

2016-10-11

Human beings use plants for a multitude of purposes of which a prominent one across the globe is for their medicinal values. Medicinal plants serve as one of the major sources of income for high altitude inhabitants in the Himalaya, particularly in countries like Nepal, and Bhutan. People here harvest huge volumes of medicinal plants indiscriminately, risking their sustainability. This paper attempts to identify some of the priority medicinal plant species harvested in the wild and assess their ecological status for their judicious utilization, and to help provide policy guidance for possible domestication and support strategic conservation frameworks. Out of the 16 priority species identified by the expert group, collectors' perception on ecological status of the priority species differed from survey findings. Chrysosplenium nudicaule (clumps) ranked as most threatened species followed by Corydalis dubia, and Meconopsis simplicifolia. Onosma hookeri, Corydalis crispa and Delphinium glaciale were some of the species ranked as threatened species followed by Halenia elliptica (not in priority list). Percent relative abundance showed irregular pattern of species distribution. High species evenness was recorded among Nardostachys grandiflora, Chrysosplenium nudicaule, Saussurea gossypiphora and Aconitum orochryseum with average species density of 8 plant m -2 . Rhodiola crenulata, and Dactylorhiza hatagirea followed by Meconopsis horridula and Meconopsis simplicifolia were ranked as most threatened species with average species density of 0.4, 0.4, 5.6 and 6.0 plant m -2 , respectively. The most abundant (common) species was Onosma hookeri (plant m -2 ). Species composition and density also differed with vegetation, altitude, slope and its aspects. Priority species identified by expert group were found vulnerable and patchy in distribution. Survey results and collectors' perceptions tally to an extent. Some of the species (Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Rhodiola crenulata

Carboxy methylation of cashew nut tree exudate gum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Durcilene A. da; Paula, Regina C.M.

2001-01-01

Anacardium occidentale exudate polysaccharide was carboxymethylated with monochloroacetic acid. The samples were characterized by NMR, solution viscometry, GPC and thermal analysis. Carboxymethylated cashew gum (CMGC) with a degree of substitution between 0,1-0,16 was obtained. Solution viscometry and GPC analysis showed that polymer molar mass degradation occurred. Sample with higher DS shows higher peak molar mass, intrinsic viscosity and thermal stability. NMR spectrum indicated that the carboxy methylation reaction occurs preferentially in C-6 of galactose residue. (author)

Emoción y cultura: los Síndromes Culturales

OpenAIRE

Gil Hernando, Alexandra

2015-01-01

[ES]Dado que las diferentes aportaciones demuestran que la cultura influye notablemente en las emociones y cómo éstas se experimentan y manifiestan, estas divergencias pueden causar también discrepancias importantes en cuanto a los síndromes encontrados en diversas culturas. Según la antropología cultural los CBS (Cultural Bound Syndromes) son aquellos síndromes que proceden de diferente origen cultural, cuyas manifestaciones difieren de los trastornos mentales típicos occidentales. Puesto...

Semen, óvulos y úteros nómadas. Representaciones sobre mujer, maternidad y nuevas técnicas de reproducción asistida

OpenAIRE

Mercedes de Grado González

2012-01-01

A pesar de los cambios políticos, socio-económicos y demográficos habidos en los países occidentales en las últimas décadas, las estructuras simbólicas y los imaginarios colectivos en torno a las mujeres, su función social y la maternidad no han cambiado tanto. El orden patriarcal hoy en Occidente se configura como un patriarcado de consentimiento. En dicha estructura social la retórica ideológica representa la maternidad c...

Evolución psicológica a largo plazo en pacientes con obesidad mórbida que se someten a cirugía bariátrica

OpenAIRE

Álvarez Valdeita, María del Sagrario

2014-01-01

Actualmente en las sociedades occidentales la obesidad viene siendo un problema de salud importante al que es necesario prestar atención desde diferentes disciplinas. En los últimos años ha habido un importante y preocupante aumento de la prevalencia de esta enfermedad, aunque no está clasificada como un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria, y ello al margen de que algunos estudios demuestren que las personas diagnosticadas de obesidad mórbida presentan desórdenes alimentarios que se han mant...

La traducción social de la naturaleza. La domesticación y la ingobernabilidad de los genes en la discusión sobre los organismos transgénicos

OpenAIRE

Larrión Cartujo, Jósean

2009-01-01

Este trabajo muestra que la realidad supuestamente más indiscutible e innegociable de la naturaleza es interpretada de manera muy distinta por los múltiples actores individuales y colectivos que conforman las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas. Se analiza aquí una de las cuestiones centrales suscitadas en relación con la controversia general sobre la viabilidad humana y ambiental de los organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG). El problema inicial, en apariencia sencillo y fácilmente re...

Soutenir la production de vaccins de grande qualité contre l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Cette situation nuit également à l'économie nationale, car le bétail représente de 10 à 17 % du produit intérieur brut. Parmi ces maladies, mentionnons la septicémie hémorragique, l'entérotoxémie et la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, qui sont toutes présentes au Kenya et Afrique occidentale en général. La fièvre de la vallée du ...

Arquetipos iconográficos femeninos en el cómic y la animación japonesa para adolescentes masculinos

OpenAIRE

López Rodríguez, Francisco Javier; García Pacheco, Juan A.

2011-01-01

El cómic japonés (manga) y la animación japonesa (anime) son poderosas industrias culturales que, progresivamente, se han ido expandiendo internacionalmente. A medida que estas obras han ido llegando a los mercados occidentales, la atención de los investigadores se ha fijado en las particularidades expresivas, narrativas y culturales de estos productos. La investigación en género relacionada con el manga y el anime se ha centrado principalmente en las obras destinadas a un público femenino y,...

Unbinding Bodies and Desires. Re-searching the home, the world and the in-between in Nara-Naree, the only Bengali journal on health, hygiene, sex (1939-1950)

OpenAIRE

Banerjee, Sutanuka

2015-01-01

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX se manifestó un creciente interés por la reforma sexual mediante la llamada “ciencia sexual”. Este interés se desarrolló en muy diversos contextos sociales y culturales, incluido Bengala. En este marco, se establecieron conexiones entre los reformistas bengalíes y occidentales, y surgieron discursos transnacionales sobre la “ciencia conyugal” y el control de la natalidad. Así, se conformaron nuevas visiones de la modernidad en las que jugaron un important...

Plant species used in giardiasis treatment: ethnopharmacology and in vitro evaluation of anti-Giardia activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa do A. Neiva

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to compile the traditional knowledge about plants used for the treatment of giardiasis, and also to carry out experimental research to evaluate the anti-Giardia activity of five species.To reach this objective, 398 interviews were performed using a previously prepared questionnaire, followed by an in vitro evaluation of giardicidal potential of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Passiflora edulis Sims, Psidium guajava L., and Stachytarpheta cayennensis(Rich. Vahl. Among the interviewed people, 55.53% reported the use of plants to treat diarrhea, the most severe symptom of giardiasis. The results indicated 36 species used by this population for these problems. The use of leaves (72.50% of a single plant (64.25% collected from backyards and gardens (44.34% and prepared by decoction were predominant. The majority of the interviewees (85.52% attributed their cure to the use of plants. In the experimental tests, all extracts inhibited the growth of Giardia lambliatrophozoites in different intensities: A. occidentale and P. guajava extracts elicited a moderate activity (250 ≤ IC50 ≤ 500 μg/ml, C. ambrosioides and S. cayennensis extracts evoked a high activity (100 ≤ IC50 ≤ 250 μg/ml, and P. edulis extract showed very high activity (IC50≤ 100 μg/ml. This study shows that an ethnopharmacological approach is useful in the selection of plant materials with potential giardicidal activity.

L’émigration russe et la naissance d’une orthodoxie française 1925-1953

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasileios Pnevmatikakis

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La révolution d’octobre 1917 et la guerre civile qui s’ensuivit en Russie eut comme conséquence l’émigration de millions d’orthodoxes russes vers les pays de l’Europe occidentale et plus particulièrement la France. Persuadés depuis le début du déracinement que leur exile avait un caractère providentiel, les orthodoxes russes de France ont œuvré pour la réalisation d’une synthèse qui permettrait le rapprochement entre les chrétiens d’Orient et d’Occident et aboutirait au dépassement définitif des dilemmes identitaires historiques. Durant la période 1925-1953, la reconnaissance du français comme langue liturgique orthodoxe, la fondation de la première paroisse orthodoxe de langue française, l’acceptation dans l’orthodoxie d’un groupe chrétien français utilisant une ancienne forme liturgique gallicane, la recherche pour la reconstitution dudit « rite des Gaules » et les efforts pour l’organisation ecclésiastique d’une « orthodoxie française » sous l’obédience du patriarcat de Moscou, sont des exemples montrant l’engagement sincère de certains esprits pionniers au sein de l’émigration russe pour la réalisation d’une orthodoxie authentiquement occidentale.

Estimating energy requirement in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut processing operations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jekayinfa, S.O. [Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State (Nigeria); Bamgboye, A.I. [Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (Nigeria)

2006-07-15

This work deals with a study on estimation of energy consumption in eight readily defined unit operations of cashew nut processing. Data for analysis were collected from nine cashew nut mills stratified into small, medium and large categories to represent different mechanization levels. Series of equations were developed to easily compute requirements of electricity, fuel and labour for each of the unit operations. The computation of energy use was done using spreadsheet program on Microsoft Excel. The results of application test of the equations show that the total energy intensity in the cashew nut mills varied between 0.21 and 1.161MJ/kg. Electrical energy intensity varied between 0.0052 and 0.029MJ/kg, while thermal energy intensity varied from 0.085 to 1.064MJ/kg. The two identified energy intensive operations in cashew nut processing are cashew nut drying and cashew nut roasting, altogether accounting for over 85% of the total energy consumption in all the three mill categories. Thermal energy, obtained from diesel fuel, represented about 90% of the unit energy cost for cashew nut processing. The developed equations have therefore proven to be a useful tool for carrying out budgeting, forecasting energy requirements and planning plant expansion. (author)

Les transformations de l'image de Saladin dans les sources occidentales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean Richard

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Le personnage de Salāh al-din Yūsuf, officier kurde au service de Nūr al-dïn devenu maître de l'Égypte puis de Damas et enfin d'Alep, et fondateur de l'empire ayyoubide, a été fort controversé de son vivant avant de devenir pour la postérité « le plus pur des héros de l'Islam ». Pour ses adversaires, les Francs d'Orient, il a de bonne heure suscité leur curiosité, et ceux-ci ont recueilli des informations qu'ils ont utilisées, dès avant 1187, dans un Carmen de Saladino où l'aventurier qu'il était à leurs yeux est présenté sous des traits peu recommandables. Son manque de fidélité envers ses maîtres est particulièrement souligné. Les coups très durs qu'il a portés aux Francs ont été assortis de traits de cruauté ; mais ce sont les manifestations d'un esprit chevaleresque, dont les valeurs étaient communes aux deux camps, qui ont vite retenu l'attention. Le trouvère Ambroise le regarde encore comme un ennemi fort capable de perfidie ; mais le traducteur de Guillaume de Tyr adoucit les remarques du livre qu'il mettait en français pour le rendre plus sympathique. Les textes de caractère épique où il apparaît dans la première moitié du XIIIe siècle (Estoires d'Outremer, Ordene de Chevalerie accentuent ce caractère. Mais c'est dans le second cycle de la croisade qu'on le pare des qualités les plus éminentes qu'on attend d'un chevalier. On lui prête des origines chrétiennes (La fille du comte de Ponthieu et on lui attribue le beau rôle, en insistant sur sa générosité et sur sa bravoure, en lui faisant arbitrer des controverses religieuses, en lui prêtant enfin une aspiration à une mort chrétienne, qui sont bien loin du portrait que faisaient de lui les Francs de la fin du XIIe siècle.

Structures de l'apprentissage dans les pays de l'Europe Occidentale

Science.gov (United States)

Lengrand, Paul

1982-06-01

In West European countries, as in most modern societies, learning can be divided into three sectors. Informal education occupies the greatest space, both because of its duration and because it extends into every part of life. It happens in many and various ways and circumstances — from learning the language and socialisation in the family environment to the experiences of retirement and the third age. A large number of factors are involved, particularly married life, family responsibilities, work, the influence of mass media and participation in political activities. It is also the area of self-education. Formal education, dispensed by schools and universities, corrects and guides what is learned in the informal sector. It provides part of the necessary learning in the fields of the arts and of the sciences. However, it falls short so far as the evolution of ideas, morals and social behaviour are concerned. It also only imperfectly fulfils its function of democratization, and because of its concentration on matters intellectual, it does not promote the development of the diverse capacities of the whole person. Nonformal education resembles informal education in that it relates to life, and formal education in its structured character. It is the domain of educational innovation, especially in the context of social relationships. Through the harmonious combination of these three sectors of learning, the principles of a global and integrated lifelong education can be implemented.

The search rate of the African weaver ant in cashew

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henriksen, Signe; Axelsen, Jørgen Aagaard; Lemming, Katrine Hansen

2015-01-01

Oecophylla longinoda is a species of eusocial colony living ants that prey upon other insects to feed their larva. Many of these insects are considered pests. An ecosystem model of the interactions between an O. longinoda colony and its potential prey is under construction by the team behind...... this article, and it is unknown which functional response equations are useful for eusocial insect colonies. We investigated the search rate of O. longinoda using artificial feeding experiments in a Tanzanian cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) orchard to determine the search efficiency of the ants...

Jean-Baptiste Comby, La Question climatique. Genèse et dépolitisation d’un problème public (Raisons d’Agir, 2015)

OpenAIRE

Tasset, Cyprien

2016-01-01

Une sociologie de la dépolitisation du changement climatique La radicalité climatique Comment se fait-il que la question du réchauffement climatique, qui est portée à l’attention publique dans les démocraties occidentales depuis de nombreuses années maintenant, n’ait pas abouti à des changements politiques proportionnés à l’extrême gravité que lui prêtent les scientifiques ? Dans La Question climatique, issu d’une thèse en information-communication soutenue en 2008, Jean-Baptiste Comby propos...

Nora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ilaria Frontori

2014-08-01

Full Text Available L’Università degli Studi di Milano, sotto la direzione scientifica del Prof. G. Bejor, opera a Nora (Pula, Cagliari dal 2002, in un progetto sostenuto da quattro atenei italiani. Oggetto della ricerca sono il settore centrale della penisola e le due fasce abitative collocate sulla costa occidentale e meridionale. Nel quartiere centrale le recenti campagne di scavo stanno portando alla luce l’isolato sottostante le Terme Centrali e le domus mosaicate, dimostrando una continuità di vita dall’età repubblicana fino al periodo tardoantico.

Matrices biológicas y biomarcadores de exposición fetal a drogas de abuso durante el tercer trimestre de la gestación

OpenAIRE

Ortigosa Gómez, Sandra

2013-01-01

Introducción El abuso de sustancias en los países occidentales ha acontecido un problema de salud pública. Estas sustancias también son consumidas por embarazadas, afectando al feto y recién nacido, especialmente vulnerables. Desde la década de los ochenta, la eventual presencia y disposición de una sustancia de abuso en el organismo y su correlación con efectos clínicos y/o subjetivos ha sido evaluada mediante el análisis de plasma u orina. Sin embargo, realizar estas determinaciones en flui...

Burmanniaceae endémicas del Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blanca León

2013-10-01

Full Text Available La familia Burmanniaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar ocho géneros y 16 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993, principalmente hierbas saprófitas. En este trabajo reconocemos un endemismo en el genero Burmannia. Esta especie endémica posee un amplio grado de adaptación ambiental, habiéndosele localizado en las vertientes occidentales, valles interandinos, páramos y bosques montanos orientales, entre los 1200 y 4100 m de altitud. Esta especie se encuentra representada en un área natural protegida.

Ajustes endocrino-metabólicos durante el ayuno de Ramadán en jóvenes deportistas

OpenAIRE

Guerrero-Morilla, Raúl; Ramírez-Rodrigo, Jesús; Ruiz-Villaverde, Gonzalo; Sánchez- Caravaca, Mª Ángeles; Pérez-Moreno, Bárbara Alejandra; Villaverde-Gutiérrez, Carmen

2013-01-01

El precepto islámico del Ramadán (R), implica importantes modificaciones fisiológicas debido a las restricciones hídricas y dietéticas a lo largo del día y durante un mes, lo que tiene una especial repercusión física e intelectual de los musulmanes, particularmente en sociedades occidentales, en las que no se producen reajustes horarios para las actividades cotidianas. Entre las modificaciones impuestas por el R, el ayuno intermitente día/noche, desencadena mecanismos de adaptación para renta...

Antropología y ciudad culturas urbanas de fin de siglo: la mirada antropológica

OpenAIRE

Néstor Gorda Canclini

2014-01-01

Alterminar el siglo XX,la antropología parece una disciplina dispuesta a abarcarlo todo. Desde hace varias décadas trascendió el estudio de pueblos campesinos no europeos o no occidentales, en losque se especializó al comenzar su historia como disciplina. Ha desarrollado investigaciones sobre las metrópolis, se fue ocupando de todo tipo de sociedades complejas, tradicionales ymodernas, de ciudades y redes transnacionales. Autores  posmodernos muestran incluso que el estilo antropológico de co...

Actitudes parentales y sobrepeso infantil: el papel de la comunicación = Parental attitudes and childhood overweight : the role of communication=

OpenAIRE

Gimenez Garcia-Conde, Miguel

2016-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN El sobrepeso adulto e infantil se han convertido en una pandemia en las últimas décadas, en particular en los países occidentales. Esta tesis tiene dos objetivos principales: En primer lugar confirmar como las actitudes parentales influyen en sus comportamientos y estos en los de los hijos y como están relacionados con el sobrepeso. En segundo lugar averiguar que mensajes son más eficientes a la hora de convencer a los padres de la importancia de favorecer hábitos saludables para...

Parental attitudes and childhood overweight : the role of communication= Actitudes parentales y sobrepeso infantil: el papel de la comunicación

OpenAIRE

Giménez García-Conde, Miguel

2016-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN El sobrepeso adulto e infantil se han convertido en una pandemia en las últimas décadas, en particular en los países occidentales. Esta tesis tiene dos objetivos principales: En primer lugar confirmar como las actitudes parentales influyen en sus comportamientos y estos en los de los hijos y como están relacionados con el sobrepeso. En segundo lugar averiguar que mensajes son más eficientes a la hora de convencer a los padres de la importancia de favorecer hábitos saludables p...

Poetizas mayas:subjetividades contra la corriente

OpenAIRE

Maya, Gloria Chacón

2013-01-01

Este ensayo examina la emergencia de poetisas mayas en México y Guatemala como parte de un movimiento indígena ás amplio que clama su derecho a la diferencia cultural. Arguyo que aunque la mujer maya está inmersa en los discursos del nacionalismo oficial, nacionalismos étnicos y feminismos occidentales, crea sus propias subjetividades multidimensionales, vía la poesía. El análisis se enfoca en la resignificación de símbolos culturales tradicionales y la negociación de cultura, poder y género....

Veta Esperanza Sudeste, un caso particular de enriquecimiento Supergénico en el yacimiento Alto de la blenda, distrito minero Agua de Dionisio, provincia de Catamarca Veta Esperanza Sudeste, a particular case of supergenic enrichment in the Alto de la Blenda deposit, Agua de Dionisio mining district, Catamarca Province.

OpenAIRE

Natalia Salado Paz; Ana S Fogliata; Julio C Avila; Nicolás Montenegro

2011-01-01

Veta Esperanza Sudeste se localiza en el distrito minero Agua de Dionisio, Catamarca, dentro de la provincia geológica de las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales. La geología del mismo corresponde a rocas metamórficas de bajo grado y cuerpos ígneos intrusivos graníticos a granodioríticos paleozoicos, sedimentos clásticos continentales terciarios y rocas pertenecientes al Complejo Volcánico Farallón Negro del Mioceno. Además, a areniscas, tobas del Plioceno y depósitos fluviales del Cuaternario. En...

Veta Esperanza Sudeste, un caso particular de enriquecimiento Supergénico en el yacimiento Alto de la blenda, distrito minero Agua de Dionisio, provincia de Catamarca

OpenAIRE

Natalia Salado Paz; Ana S Fogliata; Julio C Avila; Nicolás Montenegro

2011-01-01

Veta Esperanza Sudeste se localiza en el distrito minero Agua de Dionisio, Catamarca, dentro de la provincia geológica de las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales. La geología del mismo corresponde a rocas metamórficas de bajo grado y cuerpos ígneos intrusivos graníticos a granodioríticos paleozoicos, sedimentos clásticos continentales terciarios y rocas pertenecientes al Complejo Volcánico Farallón Negro del Mioceno. Además, a areniscas, tobas del Plioceno y depósitos fluviales del Cuaternario. En...

APROXIMACIÓN A LA PROBLEMÁTICA ETICA Y JURÍDICA DE LA MATERNIDAD SUBROGADA

OpenAIRE

José López Guzmán; Ángela Aparisi Miralles

2012-01-01

La maternidad subrogada es un tema que presenta, en la actualidad, una gran complejidad. Para algunos, se trata de una práctica lícita, que debe ser admitida jurídicamente. Frente a ello, los sistemas jurídicos occidentales tradicionalmente han entendido que, frente a la libre disposición de los objetos, las personas, incluyendo el cuerpo humano, sus órganos y funciones más esenciales, no pueden ser objeto de comercio. De este modo, la libertad de los individuos para establecer contratos ...

Propiedades nutritivas y saludables de algas marinas y su potencialidad como ingrediente funcional

OpenAIRE

Quitral R, Vilma; Morales G, Carla; Sepúlveda L, Marcela; Schwartz M, Marco

2012-01-01

Las algas marinas se han consumido en Asia desde tiempos remotos, mientras que en países occidentales su principal aplicación ha sido como agente gelificante y coloide para la industria de alimentos, farmacéutica y cosmética. Las algas son buena fuente de nutrientes como proteínas, vitaminas, minerales y fibra dietética, al respecto, la fibra dietética de algas es particularmente rica en fracción soluble. Si se comparan las algas con vegetales terrestres, se encuentran más componentes benefic...

Deporte, género y etnicidad. El caso de las mujeres inmigrantes

OpenAIRE

Pfister, Gertrud

2004-01-01

Este artículo se centra en el papel de las actividades deportivas en la vida de los inmigrantes de origen islámico. Se pone especial énfasis en las oportunidades y problemas a las que se enfrentan las mujeres inmigrantes en los países occidentales, así como en las actividades físicas que desarrollan. Tomando Alemania como ejemplo, se analiza e interpreta el grado de implicación de los inmigrantes en el deporte, en relación con sus creencias religiosas y sus condiciones de vida. En la segunda ...

Lipoatrofia marrón, obesidad y daño vascular: mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a la insulina en células cardiovasculares

OpenAIRE

Fernández Otero, Yolanda

2010-01-01

En las sociedades occidentales se ha producido un aumento de la prevalencia de la obesidad y de las enfermedades metabólicas relacionadas con ella, tales como el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes tipo 2 [Haffner, S. y Taegtmeyer 2003]. Los individuos aquejados de las dolencias citadas, sufren los efectos de la resistencia a la acción de la insulina [Saltiel y Kahn 2001] y del daño cardiovascular, y éste es una de las principales causas de muerte en la población con enfermedad cardiovascular. ...

inovador de extração líquido-líquido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonie Asfora Sarubbo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The exudate gum from Anacardium occidentale L. is a branched acidic heteropolysaccharide easily found in Brazil. Given the importance of cashew tree culture to some regions of Brazil, especially the Brazilian north western, the knowledge of the characteristics of the gum and the results of researches developed to study its biotechnological application have awaken great scientific and industrial interests. In this work, we describe the literature regarding the polysaccharide and its utilization as an alternative to the conventional processes used in the biopurification of economically high valued compounds.

L'avant-projet : définition et enjeux

OpenAIRE

Gautier , Frédéric; Lenfle , Sylvain

2004-01-01

This paper explores the strategic role of front-end activities in project performance. More precisely it focuses on what is called pre-project. Using case studies from auto aeronautics we propose a definition of this phase and we discuss the question it raises.; Depuis la fin des années 80, la place prise par les stratégies de différenciation dans les économies occidentales est à l'origine de mutations importantes de l'organisation de la conception de produits nouveaux dans les entreprises. C...

L'objectivation et la perfection des femmes dans la publicité. La perception des consommateurs vis-à-vis des femmes représentées dans des campagnes publicitaires et ses effets sur la marque et sur eux-mêmes.

OpenAIRE

Van Dessel, Sophie; Loir, Estelle

2017-01-01

Depuis son apparition, la publicité contribue consciemment ou inconsciemment au changement de perception du corps de la femme. Dans la société occidentale, utiliser le corps de la femme pour inciter à l’achat d’un produit est une pratique commune dans le marketing. Un ensemble d’effets en tous genres sont à observer sur la perception des consommateurs à propos du produit et sur la marque, sur leur perception vis-à-vis des mannequins et des femmes en général et finalement sur la perception qu’...

Chaînes globales de valeur et audit social

OpenAIRE

Barraud De Lagerie , Pauline

2016-01-01

La mondialisation ne se réduit pas à une extension de la sphère des échanges commerciaux à l’échellede la planète; elle prend aussi la forme d’une internationalisation de la production et de la division dutravail. Ainsi, les travailleurs des pays du Sud fabriquent désormais une grande part des produits venduspar des firmes occidentales à des consommateurs occidentaux. Cette configuration des «globalcommodity chains» (Gereffi, 1999) ou «global value chains» (Bair, 2010; Palpacuer et Balas, 201...

Des relations plus humaines ?

OpenAIRE

Ricciardi, Ferruccio

2013-01-01

À partir d’une approche sociohistorique, cet article s’intéresse aux effets de la croissance économique sur l’identité des cadres, en l’occurrence les groupements de cadres et patrons italiens qui, au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, essaient de conjuguer les principes du catholicisme social dont ils se réclament dans l’arène publique avec les logiques issues du productivisme managérial américain qui s’impose en Europe occidentale. Le prisme des méthodes de « relations humaines » pour...

Bajo un sol desconocido: László Hudec, Antonin Raymond y la construcción de la arquitectura moderna en Asia Oriental

OpenAIRE

Anghel, Anamaría Andreea

2015-01-01

La arquitectura es un reflejo directo de la cultura, siempre cambiando, con el fin de adaptarse a las necesidades de la época. La sociedad china sufrió cambios inesperados, a lo largo de los fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, marcada por las invasiones de los poderes occidentales, La Primera y La Segunda Guerras Mundiales, rebeliones, derrumbes de viejos regímenes y de la fundación de la Nueva China en 1949. En comparación con China, Japón se enfrenta a constantes problemas de terremoto...

Los factores socioculturales: clave de internacionalización de la empresa occidental en el mercado chino.

OpenAIRE

Martín de Bernardo Galiana, José

2017-01-01

China se ha convertido en uno de los principales mercados del mundo para las exportaciones occidentales y para su localización de joint ventures y filiales. Sin embargo, China es un país con una cultura muy diferente basada principalmente en el confucianismo y taoísmo, junto con una historia que ha moldeado tanto su sociedad como la cultura de los negocios. De hecho, uno de los aspectos más importantes para tener éxito en China reside en los factores socioculturales y en la forma de adaptars...

Phenolic Lipids Affect the Activity and Conformation of Acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (Electric eel)

Science.gov (United States)

Stasiuk, Maria; Janiszewska, Alicja; Kozubek, Arkadiusz

2014-01-01

Phenolic lipids were isolated from rye grains, cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) from Anacardium occidentale, and fruit bodies of Merrulius tremellosus, and their effects on the electric eel acetylcholinesterase activity and conformation were studied. The observed effect distinctly depended on the chemical structure of the phenolic lipids that were available for interaction with the enzyme. All of the tested compounds reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The degree of inhibition varied, showing a correlation with changes in the conformation of the enzyme tested by the intrinsic fluorescence of the Trp residues of the protein. PMID:24787269

Conflicto en Crimea: discurso político en los medios de comunicación

OpenAIRE

Petrino, Jessica Eliana

2014-01-01

Al ingresar en un conflicto internacional, cualquier gobierno democrático necesita contar con el apoyo de su población. Para lograrlo, debe legitimar sus posiciones por medio de un discurso coherente y ordenado en los medios de comunicación. El conflicto en la región de Crimea no es la excepción: tanto Rusia como Estados Unidos –junto a las potencias occidentales y Ucrania- utilizaron los mass media para justificar sus acciones y poner a la opinión pública internacional de su lado. El objetiv...

Desarrollo de tecnologías acústicas como terapia para la enfermedad de Parkinson

OpenAIRE

Gálvez García, Gerardo Miguel

2015-01-01

Las patologías neurológicas en la población -principalmente en la tercera edad- están experimentando un incremento en incidencia y prevalencia, básicamente por el aumento de la media de edad en las sociedades occidentales, así como debido a problemas medioambientales. Esta situación es oportuna para la aparición de nuevas terapias complementarias a las habituales de tratamientos farmacológicos, con efectos secundarios importantes o a la propia cirugía, muy invasiva. Si consideramos a la músic...

Estudio de la variación a largo plazo de los parámetros bioquímicos metabólicos en pacientes con obesidad mórbida e intervenidos mediante bypass gástrico laparoscópico

OpenAIRE

Gomez Abril, Segundo Angel

2015-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN La Obesidad es ya uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en los países occidentales y se prevé que en un futuro cercano sea una verdadera epidemia. La naturaleza de este problema no es estética, como es habitual que se valore en nuestro entorno social. Tiene un sinfín de repercusiones. Empezando por las comorbilidades metabólicas que la acompañan, las complicaciones osteoarticulares que desencadena o simplemente el rechazo social que muchas veces genera. Todo ello sumad...

Pourquoi la philosophie indienne ne doit pas être laissée aux seuls philosophes

OpenAIRE

Bronkhorst, Johannes

2017-01-01

Des historiens de l’astronomie, de la linguistique ou de la médecine indiennes anciennes, on attend généralement qu’ils soient familiers des contreparties occidentales modernes de ces disciplines. Mais qu’en est-il de la philosophie ? Et tout d’abord, existe-t-il en Inde ancienne quelque chose comme une philosophie dont on pourrait faire l’histoire ? Et si oui, qui en sera le meilleur exégète ? Le philosophe attentif aux enjeux systématiques, ou l’historien sensible aux contextes de productio...

Geología y vulcanología de La Palma y El Hierro, Canarias Occidentales

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Pérez Torrado, F. J.

2001-12-01

construction of the El Golfo volcano seems to have taken place after a relatively long period of activity, probably coinciding with the maximum development of the Cumbre Nueva rift on La Palma. The initial subaerial activity at El Golfo was characterised by basaltic lavas that evolved to trachybasalts and trachytes, and finally towards more differentiated eruptive episodes indicative of the terminal state of the volcanic activity of the El Golfo volcano. The excessive growth of this volcano triggered the failure of its north flank, generating the spectacular scarp and present El Golfo depression. Subsequent volcanism, from emission vents arranged in a three-armed rift system (rift volcanism, with ages ranging from 145 ka to 2,500 years, with probably prehistoric eruptions, implies the much more moderate continuation of the earlier predominantly basanitic-tephritic volcanic activity. This period may correspond to that of maximum development of the Cumbre Vieja rift, in the island of La Palma.Las Canarias occidentales, relativamente poco estudiadas hasta hace unos años desde el punto de vista geológico, han aportado sin embargo datos decisivos para la comprensión de muchos de los problemas geológicos más importantes del archipiélago, que posiblemente se hubieran dilucidado más prontamente si su estudio se hubiese comenzado, como en la mayoría de las cadenas de islas volcánicas oceánicas, por su extremo más reciente. Como resumen de sus principales rasgos geológicos evolutivos de ambas islas destacamos las siguientes etapas de desarrollo: Durante el Plioceno se levanta en el extremo occidental del Archipiélago, en la isla de La Palma, un edificio o monte submarino constituido por pillow lavas, pillow brechas e hialoclastitas de composición basáltica, intruido por domos traquíticos, plutones de gabros y una densísima red de diques. Por el efecto de la intensa intrusión magmática y filoniana el edificio submarino sufrió un levantamiento hasta cotas de 1.500 m y

Jóvenes de otros mundos: ¿Tribus urbanas? ¿Culturas juveniles? Aportaciones desde contextos no occidentales Jovens de outros mundos: Tribos urbanas? Culturas jovens? Contribuições dos contextos no occidentais Young people of other worlds: Urban tribes? Youth cultures? Contributions from nonwestern contexts

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José Sánchez García

2010-07-01

Full Text Available A partir de una experiencia de campo en cuatro barrios de la ciudad de El Cairo, el autor traza una reflexión y hace un replanteamiento de las metodologías tradicionales instituidas para la investigación entre grupos generacionales en contextos occidentales. Aunque se defiende el carácter básicamente urbano de estas asociaciones, se discute la pertinencia de la aplicación de los conceptos de "tribu urbana" y "cultura juvenil" en escenarios culturales como los representados en sociedades que han sufrido una transición rápida a una modernidad impuesta por las redes transnacionales. En este sentido, el objetivo es la afinación de esas herramientas conceptuales ofreciendo una nueva perspectiva de las mismas que tenga en cuenta las peculiaridades históricas y sociales de la construcción de la categoría social "joven" en otros lugares. Por último, el texto intenta reivindicar a la antropología como una disciplina empírica y no apriorística.De uma experiência de campo em quatro distritos da cidade do Cairo, o autor levanta uma reflexão e um repensar das metodologias tradicionais instituídas para a investigação entre grupos geracionais em contextos ocidentais. Embora o caráter basicamente urbano destas associações seja defendido, discute à relevância da aplicação dos conceitos "da tribo urbana" e "de cultura jovem" em cenas culturais como representadas nas sociedades que se submeteram, em uma transição rápida, a uma modernidade imposta pelas redes transnacionais. Neste sentido, o objetivo é a afinação daquelas ferramentas conceptuais oferecendo uma perspectiva nova que considera as peculiaridades históricas e sociais da construção de "jovens" como categoria social em outros lugares. Finalmente, o texto tenta reivindicar a antropologia como uma disciplina empírica e não apriorística.From an experience of field in four districts of the city of Cairo, the author raises a reflection and a reframing of the instituted

“Moros en la costa”: Islam in Spanish visual and media culture

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Lauren Beck

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Los medios de comunicación occidentales caracterizan a los musulmanes como anticuados, fanáticos belicosos que carecen de razón y que exhiben ciertos rasgos físicos. Los polemistas medievales islamificaron a los musulmanes para los lectores occidentales que tenían escaso contacto con el Islam. La islamificación es un discurso que aún domina la representación del Islam, aunque ha evolucionado durante siglos. En este artículo se examina la representación del Islam en los medios de comunicación españoles y de otros países europeos en relación con el orientalismo medieval y moderno, y la aparente fusión de los dos en los medios contemporáneos, y específicamente en los periódicos, la pintura y las viñetas políticas.Palabras clave: medios de comunicación, islam, islamificación_______________________Abstract:Muslims in western media can be portrayed as antiquated, un-modern, bellicose fanatics who lack reason and exhibit certain physical characteristics. Medieval polemics islamified Muslims for westerners who had relatively little contact with Islam. The discourse of islamification is one that still dominates the representation of Islam, although it has evolved over the centuries. This article examines the representation of Islam in Spanish and European media culture in terms of medieval and modern orientalism, and an apparent fusion of these two representational modes in contemporary media representations that include newspapers, painting and political illustration. Keywords: media, islam, islamification

Storage stability of cashew apple juice preserved by hot fill and aseptic processes Estabilidade do suco de caju preservado pelo método ''hot fill'' e processo asséptico

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Maria Cecília Oliveira Costa

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. apples from Pacajus, Ceará State, Brazil, were processed into high pulp content juice. The juice was packed either by hot fill or an aseptic process and evaluated for physical, physical-chemical, and sensorial changes during a 12-month storage period at room temperature. The results indicated that pH, soluble solids, total acidity, total sugar content and color did not change significantly during storage nor were affected by the type of filling. The sensorial analysis showed that juice acceptance remained high throughout the storage period regardless of the filling system. Differences in juice viscosity persisted between both processes.Pedúnculos de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. de Pacajus, Estado do Ceará, Brasil, foram processados na forma de suco com alto teor de polpa. O suco foi acondicionado através do processo hot fill ou asséptico e verificada as alterações físicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais durante armazenagem por doze meses à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez total, conteúdo de açúcar e cor não mudaram de modo significativo durante a armazenagem nem foram afetadas pelo modo de acondicionamento. Análise sensorial mostrou que a aceitação do suco foi mantida alta durante o período de armazenagem a despeito do sistema de enchimento. Diferenças na viscosidade dos sucos persistiram entre ambos processos.

Interrelaciones del perfil osteomineral y la obesidad en la edad pediátrica

OpenAIRE

Romero Urrutia, Alicia

2014-01-01

1. Introducción o motivación de la tesis Desde una perspectiva epidemiológica, la obesidad se está convirtiendo en el principal enemigo de la salud pública en la mayoría de los países occidentales. Supone el trastorno nutricional más frecuente en los pueblos desarrollados, tornándose el concepto de bienestar y salud al que antes se correspondía, hasta llegar a constituir la enfermedad crónica no trasmisible más frecuentes en nuestros días. Desde una perspectiva biológica, en...

Cáncer de mama y ejercicio físico: estudio piloto

OpenAIRE

Casla Barrio, S.; Sampedro Molinuelo, J.; López Díaz de Durana, A.; Coterón López, F.J.; Barakat Carballo, R.O.

2012-01-01

El cáncer de mama (CM) es el más común entre las mujeres occidentales, con un alto porcentaje de supervivencia, la cual no está exenta de numerosos efectos secundarios tanto por los tratamientos como por la enfermedad, afectando a la calidad de vida de estas mujeres. El objetivo de este proyecto es conocer el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico conducido en la calidad de vida de mujeres afectadas por cáncer de mama. Método. El programa de ejercicio físico consistió en 24 sesiones (d...

Lutte contre le papillon ravageur des palmiers : Un brevet déposé et des perspectives

OpenAIRE

Tabone, Elisabeth; Peltier, Jean Benoît

2007-01-01

Un nouveau ravageur, Paysandisia archon, s' est disséminé en Méditerranée occidentale : Espagne, Italie puis France. Introduit depuis les années 1990-95, à la faveur d' importations incontrôlées de palmiers en provenance d' Argentine, ce papillon a été découvert en 2011 dans la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d' Azur par Jean Drescher entomologiste à l' Inra. Deux stratégies de lutte naturelles et non polluantes, sont actuellement explorées à l' Inra dans les centres de Montpellier et de Sop...

Tela, piel, color: retratando los mercados de las Antillas como un inventario de la diversidad humana

OpenAIRE

Anne Lafont

2016-01-01

La confrontación de las poblaciones heterogéneas y de razas mixtas en las Indias Occidentales con el material pictórico (lienzo y pigmentos) y los sistemas de clasificación humana propios de la era de las ilustraciones de la Enciclopedia, demuestra ser un campo de investigación notablemente interesante en términos de raza y el proceso de racialización,. Sin embargo, hasta hoy, la idea de pintura caribeña de la modernidad temprana no se ha presentado como tal, y esto es precisamente lo que pro...

Nuevos modelos preclínicos en insuficiencia cardiaca: caracterización con técnicas de imagen avanzada y aplicación en nuevas terapias

OpenAIRE

Agüero Ramón-Llin, Jaume

2017-01-01

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica. Fecha de lectura: 30-05-2017 La insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (IC) se caracteriza por una alta prevalencia en los países occidentales, un impacto dramático en la calidad de vida del paciente y su capacidad funcional, y una enorme carga económica para los sistemas de salud. En la IC crónica, la transformación de los nuevos descubrimientos en investigación básica en ...

La evolución reciente de la fecundidad en España

OpenAIRE

ISABEL AGÜERO; A. OLANO REY

1980-01-01

Se analiza la tasa de natalidad y el promedio de edad y períodos temporales relativos a la reproducción durante el siglo XX. Se comparan lo patrones de fecundidad en España con las tendencias generales de los países de la OCDE en general. Se comenta la alta tasa de natalidad española en 1977, tan sólo superada por Irlanda, Portugal y probablemente Turquía. Sin embargo, este fenómeno debe comprenderse en el contexto de un declive generalizado de las tasas de natalidad en los países occidentale...

Autun (Saône-et-Loire. Étude archéologique du cloître canonial de Saint-Nazaire

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Walter Berry

2004-12-01

Full Text Available L’année 2003, qui marquait à la fois les 20 ans de recherches entreprises à l’initiative de Christian Sapin et la fin des investigations de terrain, fut très fructueuse. En effet, outre une étude complémentaire de la zone occidentale du cloître, riche en découvertes, la galerie orientale qui a particulièrement retenu notre attention, recelait des informations capitales pour comprendre de façon plus précise l’histoire du site. À l’est, justement, d’autres parties d’une vaste habitation de l’An...

Influência do tempo de aclimatação na resposta do cajueiro à salinidade

OpenAIRE

Brilhante, Jean C. A.; Silveira, Joaquim A. G.; Rocha, Iza M. A.; Morais, Déborah L. de; Viégas, Ricardo A.

2007-01-01

A resposta das plantas à salinidade depende de fatores fisiológicos, bioquímicos e genéticos. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se estudar o impacto do tempo de aclimatação à solução nutritiva sobre a resposta do cajueiro à salinidade. Plantas de Anarcadium occidentale L., CCP06, cultivadas em vermiculita durante 28 dias, foram transferidas para solução nutritiva de Hoagland com 1/10 de sua força iônica, onde permaneceram por 1 e 7 dias. Ao final dos dois tempos, a solução nutritiva foi suplementa...

AdsorÃÃo de Ãons MetÃlicos de Efluente Aquoso Usando BagaÃo do PedÃnculo de Caju: Estudo de Batelada e Coluna de Leito Fixo.

OpenAIRE

Sarah de Abreu Moreira AraÃjo

2008-01-01

O uso de resÃduos agroindustriais puros ou modificados quimicamente para a remoÃÃo de metais em efluentes industriais aparece como uma alternativa promissora Ãs tecnologias existentes. Os agroresÃduos sÃo bastante estudados devido à sua abundÃncia, baixo custo, biodegradabilidade e a nÃo formaÃÃo de lodo. Neste trabalho utilizou-se o bagaÃo do pedÃnculo de caju (Anarcadium occidentale L.) como adsorvente para remoÃÃo de metais pesados de soluÃÃo aquosa e de efluente produzido por uma indÃstri...

Influência do tempo de aclimatação na resposta do cajueiro à salinidade Influence of acclimatization time on response of cashew plant to salinity

OpenAIRE

Jean C. A. Brilhante; Joaquim A. G. Silveira; Iza M. A. Rocha; Déborah L. de Morais; Ricardo A. Viégas

2007-01-01

A resposta das plantas à salinidade depende de fatores fisiológicos, bioquímicos e genéticos. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se estudar o impacto do tempo de aclimatação à solução nutritiva sobre a resposta do cajueiro à salinidade. Plantas de Anarcadium occidentale L., CCP06, cultivadas em vermiculita durante 28 dias, foram transferidas para solução nutritiva de Hoagland com 1/10 de sua força iônica, onde permaneceram por 1 e 7 dias. Ao final dos dois tempos, a solução nutritiva foi suplementa...

OtimizaÃÃo e ValidaÃÃo de MÃtodos Empregando LC-ESI-MS/MS e Quechers para DeterminaÃÃo de ResÃduos de AgrotÃxicos em CajÃ

OpenAIRE

Renata de Oliveira Silva

2013-01-01

O cajueiro (Anarcadium occidentale) Ã uma planta tÃpica da regiÃo do nordeste que responde por mais de 95% da produÃÃo nacional, sendo os estados do CearÃ, PiauÃ, Rio Grande do Norte e Bahia os principais produtores. Com o incremento de Ãreas plantadas com o cajueiro anÃo precoce, verificou-se que esta cultura era susceptÃvel ao ataque de pragas, causando prejuÃzos no desenvolvimento, produÃÃo e qualidade do fruto. Para evitar esses prejuÃzos, estudos foram realizados no sentido de controlar ...

Acerca de la relación infantil y asistencia escolar: apuntes para su comprensión

OpenAIRE

Rausky, María Eugenia

2008-01-01

En sociedades occidentales el trabajo de los niños suele pensarse como un fenómeno problemático en tanto entra en contradicción con lo que se considera adecuado para dicho período de la vida. Concretamente, a partir de la época moderna se ha ido consolidando la idea de que la infancia es un momento especial en el curso de vida de los sujetos en el que se van construyendo los elementos necesarios para el desarrollo. Entendiendo que los niños son seres vulnerables, que necesitan de cuidados esp...

Aminoácidos livres majoritários no suco de caju: variação ao longo da safra

OpenAIRE

OLIVEIRA,MARIA ELISABETH BARROS DE; OLIVEIRA,GERARDO SÉRGIO FRANCELINO DE; MAIA,GERALDO ARRAES; MOREIRA,RENATO DE AZEVEDO; MONTEIRO,ANA CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA

2002-01-01

Visando a contribuir para o conhecimento dos aminoácidos livres majoritários presentes no suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.), estudou-se o seu comportamento ao longo da safra de 1995, no período de agosto a novembro, no clone de cajueiro-anão precoce, CCP 09, com aptidão para a produção de suco. O suco foi obtido de cajus cultivados no município de Pio IX, Estado do Piauí, Brasil. Os frutos foram colhidos em intervalos de 21 dias, perfazendo cinco amostragens. Os aminoácidos foram deter...

Les protéines laitières bouillonnent de propriétés fonctionnelles

OpenAIRE

2017-01-01

Le projet Profil,porté par l'Association Bba, regroupe Bel, CR & R, Isigny StMère, Eurial, Lactalis, Laiterie de Montaigu, Laïta, Savencia, Sill, Entremont-Sodiaal, l’Inra, Oniris, l’Université du Maine, l’Université de Bretagne Occidentale et l’Université de Rennes 1 Le consortium Profil, qui regroupe 80 % de la filière laitière, a présenté mi-septembre les résultats intermédiaires de son méta-projet.[br/] Le but de notre consortium est de monter des projets de recherche pré-...

¿De la muerte (de)negada a la muerte reivindicada? Análisis de la muerte en la sociedad española actual: Muerte sufrida, muerte vivida y discursos sobre la muerte

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Aboitiz, Ricardo

2012-01-01

El objetivo fundamental de la Tesis es el análisis de la construcción social de la Muerte en la sociedad española actual. Este objetivo se ha abordado a partir de consecución de 5 objetivos secundarios que se complementan en la explicación: a) Identificación de los componentes básicos de la construcción social de la Muerte en el contexto de las sociedades occidentales; b) Caracterización del como construcción social mediadora entre el individuo y su muerte inevitable; c) Análisis de las cara...

Development and Antibacterial Activity of Cashew Gum-Based Silver Nanoparticles

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Maria José dos S. Soares

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The present study describes the development of a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles reduced and stabilized by exuded gum from Anacardium occidentale L. and evaluates in vitro their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Characterization of cashew gum-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs was carried out based on UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis which revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape, measuring about 4 nm in size with a uniform dispersal. AgNPs presented antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-negative bacteria, in concentrations where no significant cytotoxicity was observed.

Electricity Access and the Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises: Evidence from West Africa

OpenAIRE

Michael Grimm; Renate Hartwig; Jann Lay

2013-01-01

S’il est largement reconnu que l’accès à l’électricité joue un rôle important dans la performance des entreprises, les données empiriques sur la question sont mitigées. Qui plus est, peu d’informations sont disponibles concernant les petites et micro-entreprises opérant dans le secteur informel. Nous constatons, à partir d’un échantillon représentatif d’entreprises informelles de sept villes d’Afrique occidentale, qu’il n’existe aucune donnée démontrant un effet positif systématique et signif...

La producción de enfermedad en el paradigma de la salud del siglo XXI

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Zoya, Paula G.

2013-01-01

Este trabajo pone en relación el imperativo de cuidado del cuerpo y la salud paraalcanzar una salud perfecta y el fenómeno de expansión de la medicalización a travésde la invención de enfermedades. La tesis central sostiene que la imbricación de ambosfenómenos constituye los fundamentos del paradigma sanitario que se arraiga en lassociedades occidentales del siglo XXI. La investigación problematiza la articulaciónde dichos fenómenos a partir de la circulación social de significaciones en torn...

Uber Erfahrungen mit Sprengungen zur Untersuchung der hòheren Teile der Erdkruste in Deutschland

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h. Closs

1959-06-01

Full Text Available Si passano brevemente in rassegna i recenti lavori condotti nella GermaniaOccidentale, lo scopo dei quali era la determinazione, mediante rilevazionisismiche a rifrazione o a riflessione, della discontuinità fra stratisedimentari e basamento, della discontuinità di Conrad (P e di quelladi Mohorovicic (Pn. Per le rilevazioni sismiche a rifrazione ed a riflessionesono state usate esplosioni di mine da cava con cariche di peso variante da1 a 10 t; si è potuto anche applicare in parte il normale metodo sismico ariflessione. Le rilevazioni sono state realizzate fino a distanze di 200 km daipunti di esplosione.

Cambodian and their Doctors, a Medical Anthropology of Colonial and Post-Colonial Cambodia, Jan Ovesen & Ing-Britt Trankell

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Didier Bertrand

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Cet ouvrage, écrit par Jan Ovesen et Ing-Britt Trankell (professeurs associés d’anthropologie à l’université d’Uppsala engagés dans l’étude de la société cambodgienne depuis 1995, offre une synthèse unique d’anthropologie historique et d’ethnographie contemporaine sur le système de soins de santé cambodgien de la colonisation française à nos jours. Les auteurs décrivent la tension dans le Cambodge moderne entre la tradition médicale occidentale introduite par les colonisateurs français et le...

Programas de actividad física extraescolar. Revisión de la literatura

OpenAIRE

Sergio Reloba-Martínez; Ignacio Martín-Tamayo; Emilio José Martínez-López; Laura Guerrero-Almeida

2015-01-01

El objetivo fue realizar un análisis de la producción científicadesarrollada hasta la fecha sobre actividad física (AF) extracurricular en niños occidentales de 6 a 12 años. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline/Pub-Med, Scopus y metabuscador Google Scholar para recoger artículos publicados entre enero de 1990 y mayo de 2013. Se analizó un total de 104 publicaciones. Los parámetros de composición corporal son los más utilizados para valorar los resultados de los estudios, seguidos de aquel...

Lydon, Ghislaine — On Trans-Saharan Trails: Islamic Law, Trade Networks, and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Western Africa

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Judith Scheele

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Le livre de Ghislaine Lydon ouvre un nouveau chapitre dans les recherches historiques sur le Sahara. L’auteure reprend certes un sujet classique : le commerce transsaharien. Mais elle l’étudie à partir de sources locales qui, malgré leur richesse et leur abondance, n’ont jusqu’ici que trop peu attiré l’intérêt des chercheurs des universités occidentales – à l’exception de quelques travaux isolés tels ceux de Paul Pascon au Maroc, d’Ulrich Haarmann en Libye, ou de Rainer Osswald en Mauritanie....

'Engel, Alexander, Farben der Globalisierung. Die Entstehung moderner Märkte für Farbstoffe 1500-1900'

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Garner, Guillaume

2014-01-01

« Les couleurs de la globalisation » : c’est sous ce titre suggestif que l’auteur propose une étude portant sur le marché des colorants en Europe occidentale du XVIe au début du XXe siècle. Fondé sur des sources abondantes et variées, qui comprennent principalement des listes de prix de colorants publiées à Londres, Hambourg et Amsterdam, des relevés de statistique douanière et un vaste corpus de textes économiques et scientifiques sur les colorants naturels et artificiels, cet ouvrage analys...

Présentation Presentation

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Geneviève Koubi

2011-03-01

Full Text Available A partir du milieu du XIXe siècle, la psychiatrie occidentale a nosographié par le menu les déviances sexuelles dont certaines entamèrent leur lente démédicalisation après les Années folles, notamment sous l’influence de la littérature (Marcel Proust, André Gide, René Crevel…. Dans le même temps, les discours du droit relatifs aux conduites sociales et aux relations interpersonnelles, irrigués par la philosophie morale qui avait accompagné la construction du Code civil (1804 puis du Code pé...

The Black Theatre Movement in the United Sttates and in South Africa

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Barrios Herrero, Olga

2008-01-01

[ES]El florecimiento de los movimientos sociopolíticos entre los años 60 y 90 en los Estados Unidos y en Sudáfrica estableció los firmes cimientos sobre los que, con una fuerza e ímpetu sin precedentes, se forjó el teatro negro de estos años. Forma y contenido surgieron a la par del compromiso político y artístico adoptado por estos artistas contra el imperialismo, colonialismo y racismo occidentales. Por primera vez en la historia, el teatro negro de los Estados Unidos y de Sudáfrica analiza...

Estudio sobre la percepción de calidad de vida que presentan pacientes que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular a través de la ECVI-38

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Rodríguez Álvarez, Sandra

2016-01-01

Trabajo fin de Grado, curso 2015/2016 [ES] Introducción. La OMS define el accidente cerebrovascular como la interrupción del suministro de sangre al cerebro, por lo general debido a que un vaso sanguíneo se rompe o es bloqueado por un coágulo. Esto corta el suministro de oxígeno y nutrientes, causando daños en el tejido cerebral. El Ictus representa la tercera causa de muerte y la primera de invalidez en los adultos de los países occidentales, con una incidencia de 200 casos por cada 10...

Estudio del cumplimiento terapéutico del tratamiento oncológico dispensado en oficina de farmacia en pacientes con cáncer de mama y cáncer de próstata

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González Gragera, María

2017-01-01

El cáncer es, actualmente, uno de los problemas de salud más importantes en la mayoría de los países occidentales, no solo porque se ha convertido en una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo, sino también por el impacto psicosocial de los pacientes, por la incidencia en la calidad de vida de los mismos y su entorno, y por los recursos sanitarios implicados en su asistencia y tratamiento. Pero, además, el paciente oncológico presenta muchas veces síntomas que requieren tratamie...

Imaginarios culturales en la construcción mítica de las epidemias en américa latina: etnografías críticas del cólera y del dengue en la década de los 90 del siglo XX

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Flores Martos, Juan Antonio

2009-01-01

En este artículo se desarrolla una etnografía crítica sobre cómo la prensa construye dos epidemias que afectaron a América Latina en los años 90: el cólera en América Latina y el dengue clásico y hemorrágico en Veracruz (México). Ambos corpus de discursos públicos perfilan dos enfermedades epidémicas muy diferentes de un modo similar, activando en el nivel discursivo los rasgos de las narrativas occidentales de la peste, y en el terreno de las prácticas soc...

CASHEW PULP MEALS (Anacardium occidentale L. FOR GROWING PIG: NUTRIENT METABOLISM AND PERFORMANCE PSEUDOFRUTO DO CAJUEIRO (Anacardium occidentale L. PARA SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTO: METABOLISMO DE NUTRIENTES E DESEMPENHO

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Leonardo Atta Farias

2008-04-01

Full Text Available These researches was planned to evaluate the digestibility and metabolizability of nutrient and nitrogen balance of the cashew pulp for growing pigs, as well as to evaluate the performance of these animals fed with different levels of inclusion of this by-product in the diets. The physiological aspects of the animal and economic viability of the diets was evaluated. In the metabolism assay, four pigs were fed with a standard ration and others four received a test ration, with 30% of substitution of the standard ration for the cashew pulp. In the performance assay, forty animals were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the experimental rations with the levels 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of inclusion of the cashew pulp. The values obtained for the digestibility and metabolizability coefficients of the protein and energy of the cashew pulp meals were 12.30% and 11.38%; 23.43% and 21.91%, respectively. The digestible and metabolizability energy of cashew pulp meals is 1.123 and 1.051 kcal/kg. The cashew pulp meals can be included in diets until the level of 20% of the ration, and this inclusion of the by-product increases the financial yield of the production.KEY WORDS: Alternative feed, nitrogen balance, temperature, weight gain. A pesquisa destinou-se a avaliar a digestibilidade, o metabolismo de nutrientes e o balanço de nitrogênio do pseudofruto do cajueiro para suínos em crescimento, bem como o desempenho desses animais alimentados com diferentes níveis de inclusão desse subproduto nas dietas. Avaliaram-se ainda os aspectos fisiológicos dos animais e a viabilidade econômica das dietas testadas. No ensaio de metabolismo, quatro leitões foram alimentados com uma ração referência e outros quatro com uma dieta-teste, que apresentou 30% de substituição da ração referência pelo farelo do pseudofruto do cajueiro. No ensaio de desempenho utilizaram-se quarenta animais, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de rações com os níveis de 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% de inclusão do pseudofruto do cajueiro. Os valores dos coeficientes de digestibilidade e dos metabolismos da proteína e da energia do pseudofruto do cajueiro obtidos foram 12,30 e 11,38%; 23,43 e 21,91%, respectivamente, sendo encontrados valores de 1.123 kcal/kg e 1.051 kcal/kg para energias digestível e metabolizável. O pseudofruto do cajueiro pode ser incluído nas dietas de suínos em crescimento até o nível de 20% da ração, e sua inclusão na forma de farelo melhora o rendimento financeiro da produção.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Alimento alternativo, balanço de nitrogênio, ganho de peso, temperatura.

Ρωμαϊκὴ ταυτότητα, ἑλληνικὴ ταυτότητα (ΙΓ΄-ΙΕ΄ αἰ.

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Λεωνίδας ΜΑΥΡΟΜΜΑΤΗΣ

1987-09-01

Full Text Available   L. MavrommatisIdentité romaine, identité hellène (XIII-XIV s. L'étude des sources montre que les Byzantins revendiquaient l'identité romaine. Cette conception fut contestée par la Chrétienté Occidentale qui avait besoin de cette arme idéologique qu'offrait un lien direct avec l'ancien empire romain. Les Occidentaux imposaient aux Romains l'identité de Graeci/Γραικοί mais les intéressés ressentaient cette dénomination péjorative et humiliante car elle sousetendait leur soumission à l'hégémonisme du Saint-Siège et aux aspirations de l'Europe occidentale.La perte du caractère multi-ethnique de l'empire offra, surtout à la classe dominante, une homogénéité axée sur trois éléments indivisibles: l'Orthodoxie, la langue hellène et le passé commun. Durant des derniers siècles de la vie de l'empire, les Romains n'hésitaient pas à employer le terme Ἕλληνες sans pour autant renoncer à l'identité romaine. Il s'agit d'un phénomène d'osmose entre les deux concepts, résultat d'une fermentation permanente due à la réalité quotidienne. Les trois éléments énoncés (langue, culture, passé étaient des points de référence stables et omniprésents.

Exposure to Anacardiaceae Volatile Oils and Their Constituents Induces Lipid Peroxidation within Food-Borne Bacteria Cells

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Ricardo M. Montanari

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The chemical composition of the volatile oils from five Anacardiaceae species and their activities against Gram positive and negative bacteria were assessed. The peroxidative damage within bacterial cell membranes was determined through the breakdown product malondialdehyde (MDA. The major constituents in Anacardium humile leaves oil were (E-caryophyllene (31.0% and α-pinene (22.0%, and in Anacardium occidentale oil they were (E-caryophyllene (15.4% and germacrene-D (11.5%. Volatile oil from Astronium fraxinifolium leaves were dominated by (E-β-ocimene (44.1% and α-terpinolene (15.2%, whilst the oil from Myracrodruon urundeuva contained an abundance of δ-3-carene (78.8%. However, Schinus terebinthifolius leaves oil collected in March and July presented different chemical compositions. The oils from all species, except the one from A. occidentale, exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Oil extracted in July from S. terebinthifolius was more active against all bacterial strains than the corresponding oil extracted in March. The high antibacterial activity of the M. urundeuva oil could be ascribed to its high δ-3-carene content. The amounts of MDA generated within bacterial cells indicate that the volatile oils induce lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that one putative mechanism of antibacterial action of these volatile oils is pro-oxidant damage within bacterial cell membrane explaining in part their preservative properties.

La circulation des déchets au sein de l’Union européenne. Etude des rapports entre le régime mis en place par le Titre II du Règlement n°1013/2006 et la circulation des marchandises.

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Krack, Noémie

2017-01-01

La gestion des déchets n’a pas toujours été une priorité pour nos sociétés, et ce même si les Romains et les Grecs faisaient figure de précurseurs. Les découvertes scientifiques relatives aux épidémies de grandes ampleurs, telle la peste noire, démontrèrent l’importance d’un traitement correct des déchets. En effet, leur abandon et leur accumulation sont responsables de la prolifération de germes et microbes pathogènes. Or il faut savoir qu’à l’époque les cités occidentales étaient malsaines ...

Garip Turunç, La Turquie aux marches de l’Europe, Paris : l’Harmatan, 2001, 162 p., tableaux, annexes, bibliographie, préface de Maurice Catin.

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Gérard Groc

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Les relations entre la Turquie et l'Europe, de la Communauté Économique Européenne du Traité de Rome (1957 à l'Union Européenne du Traité de Maastricht (1993 sont à la fois longues et embrouillées. En effet, premier pays, avec la Grèce, à avoir signé, en 1963, un accord d'association avec le Marché Commun, la Turquie est tout à la fois un ancien partenaire de l'Europe occidentale et un vieux prétendant à l'adhésion, jamais satisfait et toujours éconduit. Et la complexité de ces relations vi...

Sédimentation et diagenèse des minéraux argileux du Jurassique supérieur-Crétacé dans le Jura méridional et le domaine subalpin (France, Sud-Est). Comparaison avec le domaine Atlantique Nord

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Deconinck , Jean-François

1984-01-01

Le but de cette thèse est de décrire et d'expliquer l'évolution des assemblages argileux dans les Alpes occidentales depuis l'Oxfordien jusqu'au Crétacé supérieur, et de la comparer à celle connue dans l'Atlantique nord grâce aux forages DSDP. Etude géologique, sédimentologique et géochimique. Les assemblages argileux du Mésozolque supérieur (Malm - Crétacé) du domaine subalpin et du Jura mérldional sont étudiés par diffraction des rayons X, microscopie électronique à transmission et analyses...

Maladie.

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Dominique Broclain

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Qu’est-ce qu’une maladie ? Être malade signifie étymologiquement être mal en point ―  male habitus en latin impérial. La maladie est un dérivé étymologique du malade, et désigne l’altération de la santé chez l’homme, l’animal ou la plante. Par extension, la maladie passe du plan individuel au plan collectif et vient désigner notamment les passions : les maladies de l’âme. Au départ, c’est donc le malade qui fait la maladie. La médecine occidentale est centrée ...

Oulebsir Nabila et Volait Mercedes (dir., L’Orientalisme architectural entre imaginaires et savoirs, Paris, CNRS et Picard, 2009, 300 p.

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Rémi Labrusse

2009-11-01

Full Text Available D’usage potentiellement aussi large qu’est vague la notion d’Orient dont il est issu, le terme « orientalisme », en histoire de l’art et de l’architecture, sert le plus souvent, faute de mieux, à caractériser l’emploi de formes issues des arts de l’Islam, décontextualisées puis réappropriées dans le cadre de pratiques propres à la culture occidentale (celles-ci fussent-elles endossées par des artistes non-occidentaux. Ces pratiques, le xixe siècle, pour des raisons à la fois scientifiques (l...

Les réminiscences spartiates dans les discours et la politique de Robespierre de 1789 à Thermidor

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Rosso, Maxime

2010-01-01

La Grèce antique est une des sources les plus riches de la pensée politique occidentale. Les réflexions de ses philosophes et les institutions de ses cités ont servi de modèles et appuyé les constructions intellectuelles, depuis la fin de cet ancien monde jusqu’au XXe siècle, où, il est vrai, la référence antique s’estompe un peu. Deux systèmes se détachent de l’ensemble et ont retenu l’attention de par leur importance historique et de par l’obstination des auteurs à opposer leurs lois et leu...

Methodology of Integration for Competitive Technical Intelligence with Blue Ocean Strategy: Application to an exotic fruit

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Marisela Rodríguez Salvador

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This article presents a new methodology that integrates Competitive Technical Intelligence with Blue Ocean Strategy. We explore new business niches taking advantage of the synergy that both areas offer, developing a model based on cyclic interactions through a process developed in two stages: Understanding opportunity that arise from idea formulation to decision making and strategic development. The validity of our approach (first stage was observed in the evaluation of an exotic fruit, Anacardium Occidentale, in the South of the State of Veracruz, Mexico with the support of the university ITESM, Campus Monterrey. We identified critical factors for success, opportunities and threats. Results confirm the attractiveness of this crop.

Felicidad: lecciones de una nueva ciencia

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Fernando Tula Molina

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este libro busca comprender la paradoja por la cual cuando las sociedades occidentales se volvieron más ricas, sus integrantes no se volvieron más felices La hipótesis es que el individualismo falló: no aumentó la felicidad de los individuos; si realmente deseamos ser felices necesitamos de un concepto debien común al cual contribuir... exige cuidado del otro, tanto cuanto de nosotros mismos. El marco filosófico de esta reflexión lo proporciona el pensamiento de Jeremy Bentham según el cual la mejor política pública es la que produce más felicidad.

Sculpture africaine. Blessures et altérité

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Gaetano Speranza

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Au delà de la notion de “blessure” relative à l’objet, l’auteur s’attache aux traumatismes culturels résultant de la rencontre entre la sculpture africaine et le monde occidental. Un exemple particulier est celui des instruments de musique ethnographiques, dont la restauration est souvent tributaire des conceptions occidentales.Beyond the notion of « injury » for the object, the author dwells on cultural traumatisms resulting from the meeting between African sculpture and the western world. A particular example is the one of ethnographical musical instruments for which restoration is often tributary of western conceptions.

Estudio in vivo del efecto del consumo de zumo de tomate sobre el metabolismo lipídico en el hígado

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Martín-Pozuelo del Pozo, Gala

2016-01-01

Introducción: La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (NAFLD) es la alteración hepática de mayor prevalencia en los países occidentales y se caracteriza principalmente por la acumulación de lípidos en el hígado en ausencia de un consumo excesivo de alcohol. La obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, dislipemia e hipertensión suponen importantes factores de riesgo, hasta tal punto que la NAFLD es considerada la manifestación hepática del síndrome metabólico. La fisiopatología de la NAFDL comprende alt...

Les peintures murales dans les anciens territoires de Bourgogne (xie-xiie siècles. De Berzé-la-Ville à Rome et d’Auxerre à Compostelle

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Juliette Rollier-Hanselmann

2010-10-01

Full Text Available L'étude des peintures murales de Bourgogne est complexe et doit être mise en relation avec le contexte historique et géopolitique de l’époque. Le duché de Bourgogne se trouvait dans une position stratégique entre le royaume de France et l’empire germanique. L’implantation de Cluny à la frontière de ces deux grands territoires marqua d’une façon particulière la région et eut des implications fortes dans toute la chrétienté occidentale. Nous avons réuni un corpus de peintures murales des xie et...

Des peintures de Nevers aux œuvres de la réforme du XIIe siècle : les témoins d’une tradition iconographique

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Barbara Franzé

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Les peintures murales de la cathédrale Saint-Cyr de Nevers figurent parmi les plus importantes et les mieux conservées de Bourgogne ; elles ornent l’immense abside occidentale de la cathédrale, dont l’architecture semble s’inspirer de modèles ottoniens.L’ensemble iconographique est organisé en deux zones distinctes, architecturalement définies par un « arc-doubleau intermédiaire » séparant le cul-de-four de la « travée droite ��. Dans le cul-de-four, le Christ bénit de la main droite et tient ...

La vision de Saint Eustathe dans la peinture post-byzantine

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Amprazogoula Katerina

2008-01-01

Full Text Available (francuski L'article étudie l'évolution de la Vision de saint Eustathe dans une série de peintures murales et d'icônes portatives - allant du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle - les formules iconographiques adoptées et leurs particularités ainsi que la place et la fonction de cette image dans la peinture murale. Le matériel étudié a montré une diversité de formules iconographiques qui exploitent pour l'essentiel la tradition byzantine et orientale du sujet, en manifestant en même temps ses propres traits ainsi que l'influence des images occidentales. .

Barbara Levick, Catiline

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Landrea, Cyrielle

2017-01-01

La collection Ancients in Action a un double but  : offrir de courtes biographies sur des figures essentielles de l’Histoire ancienne et en analyser la réception dans la civilisation occidentale. B. Levick s’est ainsi vu confier la tâche d’écrire une brève monographie sur le controversé Catilina, en souhaitant replacer l’épiphénomène de la conjuration dans le temps long, même si elle a joué un rôle dans l’effondrement de la res publica. La thèse de ce livre est de considérer les politiciens c...

Dilemas genéticos y la Iglesia Católica

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Juan María Velasco, SJ

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En las sociedades occidentales, en las que conviven múltiples paradigmas éticos, los dilemas que plantea la genética son entendidos y resueltos de distintas maneras, según el modo de concebir quién es el ser humano y cuáles son los derechos que avalan su dignidad. En este artículo se estudian los argumentos y los criterios que se ofrecen desde el Magisterio de la Iglesia Católica para tomar conciencia y decidir, conforme a esa visión creyente de la realidad, en los conflictos bioéticos que se generan en esta área del saber.

L'insegnamento della Storia della musica nell'educazione universitaria giapponese

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Midori Sonoda

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Uno degli istituti-guida nel campo della musicologia in Giappone è quello presso la Tokyo University of the Arts (già Università Statale di Belle Arti di Tōkyō. Il suo corso di musicologia, fondato nel 1949, è stato e continua ancora ad essere un motore della diffusione dell’insegnamento della storia della musica nell’università giapponese. Una riflessione su più di sessant’anni della sua storia, caratterizzata dalla felice convivenza degli studenti in musicologia e quelli a indirizzo esecutivo-musicale, potrebbe contribuire alla sensibilizzazione dei musicologi europei per il mandato pedagogico-didattico che loro spetta nella presente situazione della cultura musicale occidentale.

La monarquía sueva en el s. V. Aspectos políticos y prosopográficos

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Pablo C. DÍAZ MARTÍNEZ

2010-02-01

Full Text Available La monarquía sueva de Hispania fue la primera que como tal organizó un reino independiente y territorialmente asentado en los límites del Imperio Romano. A partir de los años 409-411 los suevos aparecen instalados en los límites occidentales de la provincia Gallaecia 1. Durante casi dos siglos sobrevivirán a aquellos pueblos que habían atravesado con ellos el Rhin en el 406, a los restos del poder imperial en occidente y, durante todo este periodo, serán capaces de hacer frente, con mayor o menos fortuna, al expansionismo creciente de los visigodos.

Origen y evolución de la psicología de la salud en colombia

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Flórez Alarcón, Luis

2012-01-01

EI origen y la evolución de la Psicología de la salud en Colombia ha seguido un curso similar al de la mayoría de países occidentales en este campo. Aunque guarda relaciones con la medicina psicosomática y con la Psicología médica, sus raíces más próximas se ubican en la denominada "Medicina Comportamental". Este término lo propuso Lee Birk en 1973 como subtitulo del libro Biofeedback: Behavioral Medicine. Aquí es clara la intención de referirse a la medicina comportamental como el usa de pro...

WAKONYOUSAI. Con corazón japonés, al estilo occidental. Objetualidad en el espacio doméstico japonés en el periodo 1850-1880: aprendiendo a convivir con la silla

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Nadia Vasileva

2015-01-01

El periodo más drástico en el desarrollo del espacio doméstico japonés es el designado con el término wakonyousai –literalmente, con corazón japonés/al estilo occidental– y abarca el final del período Edo y el principio del Meiji. Iniciada con la reforma de estado, la implementación de estructuras espaciales occidentales, doctrinas políticas y sociales, así como nuevas prácticas en la vida diaria, se convierte durante la era siguiente en un arma ideológica para crear un nuevo “moderno Ja...

Saint-Angel, Maussac

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Colombain, Jean-Pierre

2013-01-01

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 2657 Date de l'opération : 2006 - 2007 (PR) Maussac s'appuie dans sa frange occidentale sur une voie antique déjà partiellement mise en évidence depuis Argentat, et dont un tronçon fossilisé a été localisé en limite de commune de Davignac. Deux nouveaux tertres protohistoriques ont été inventoriés, mais la quasi absence de labours a rendu très difficile toute recherche concernant les temps préhistoriques. La localisation précise d'une nécropole gallo...

Imaginarios culturales en la construcción mítica de las epidemias en América Latina: etnografías críticas del cólera y del dengue en la década de los 90 del siglo XX

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Flores Martos, Juan Antonio

2009-01-01

En este artículo se desarrolla una etnografía crítica sobre cómo la prensa construye dos epidemias que afectaron a América Latina en los años 90: el cólera en América Latina y el dengue clásico y hemorrágico en Veracruz (México). Ambos corpus de discursos públicos perfilan dos enfermedades epidémicas muy diferentes de un modo similar, activando en el nivel discursivo los rasgos de las narrativas occidentales de la peste, y en el terreno de las prácticas sociales e intervenciones instituci...

Genital Culture: Exploring the Cultural Importance of Genital Surgeru in the West

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Alexa Dodge

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The assumed importance of genital surgery for intersex children as well as the rising popularity of cosmetic surgery for one’s genitals (namely for women exemplify the importance placed on gender distinction in Western culture. This paper will explore how these genital surgeries are tied to the idealized conception of the gender binary that exists in our culture. Despite the reality that genitals, especially the vulva, vary widely in appearance (size, shape, colour, the belief that there are norms of genital appearance that need to be adhered to continues to be propagated within Western culture. I will posit that genital surgeries in the West are a culturally imbued practice. This will be argued in light of Leti Volpp’s assertion that people in the West need to recognize how our own culture promotes patriarchal/normative practices that can be dangerous and degrading to individuals. For instance, Western discourse vilifies cultures that engage in female genital mutilation (FGM without realizing how Western culture itself pressures women to ‘mutilate’ their genitals through cosmetic surgery or intersex surgery. The cultural influence of the West must be acknowledged so that we can better perceive how the agency of Western subjects is also directed and confined by our cultural context. Western culture also acts upon its subjects and, in this case, pushes gender binaries and the ideal of the perfect ‘normal’ vagina. This paper will utilize queer theory to question the necessity of gender binaries and to reveal the way that binary gender is privileged in our society. L'importance majeure de la chirurgie génitale pour les enfants intersexués ainsi que la popularité croissante de la chirurgie esthétique pour les organes génitaux, particulièrement pour les femmes, illustrent l'importance accordée à la distinction entre les sexes dans la culture occidentale. Cet article examine comment ces interventions chirurgicales génitales sont

Aller au cinéma pour apprendre à être « moderne » ? Movie-going as a way to learn to be “modern”? The experience of the movie theater in Beijing: end of the 1910’s – beginning of the 1920’s.

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Anne Kerlan

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Si le cinéma des premiers temps, en Chine, a investi des lieux traditionnels de la culture chinoise (maisons de thé, jardins, salles de théâtre et d’opéra, l’idée s’est rapidement imposée que le spectacle cinématographique devait se dérouler en un lieu susceptible de refléter son entière nouveauté, tant dans l’architecture et l’aménagement intérieur de la salle, que dans les règles de conduite édictées pour le personnel comme pour les spectateurs. Ceci était particulièrement vrai des salles de cinéma projetant des films occidentaux, comme si aller voir un film américain, allemand ou français, était perçu comme un forme d’apprentissage global à la modernité occidentale que ces films exposaient. Cet article se propose d’étudier la façon dont le public de Pékin a adopté les nouveaux rites du spectacle cinématographique en étudiant l’histoire d’une salle très particulière, le théâtre Lumière véritable (Zhenguang xiyuan, lieu de mise en pratique de règles de conduite inspirées de celles supposées en vigueur dans les salles occidentales. Mais on verra aussi que si le spectacle cinématographique permettait une certaine expérience de la modernité occidentale, il n’en fut pas moins adapté localement par les spectateurs pékinois en fonction d’exigences propres aux milieux sociaux concernés.  Movie at its beginnings in China took over many places traditionally dedicated to Chinese culture (teahouse, gardens, theater and opera houses; however, it became very quickly obvious that movie screenings should be held in places that could mirror the novelty of the show, either by the architecture, the design of the room or by the etiquette. This was particularly true for theaters where western films were screened: going to see such films could be conceived as a global experience, a way to learn in all aspects the western modernity carried by these products. This article explains, through the

Volatile profile of cashews (Anacardium occidentale L.) from different geographical origins during roasting.

Science.gov (United States)

Agila, Amal; Barringer, Sheryl Ann

2011-01-01

Volatile compounds were quantified in the headspace of Indian, Vietnamese, and Brazilian cashews, both raw and during roasting by selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry. The optimum roasting times based on color measurements were also determined. Raw cashews were oil roasted for 3 to 9 min at 143 °C and color and volatiles measured. An excellent correlation, following a pseudo 1st-order reaction, was found between L* value and roasting time; darkness increases as roasting time increases. The optimum roasting time was 6, 8, and 9 min for Vietnamese, Indian, and Brazilian cashews, respectively. Raw cashews had lower concentrations of volatiles than roasted cashews. Most volatiles significantly increased in concentration during roasting of Brazilian, Indian, and Vietnamese cashews. Only a few volatiles significantly decreased during roasting. Ethanol and 1-heptene significantly decreased during roasting in Brazilian cashews and toluene decreased in Vietnamese cashews. Brazilian cashews had significantly higher levels of most volatiles than Indian and Vietnamese cashews. Most volatile levels in Indian and Vietnamese cashews were not significantly different. Of the volatiles, Strecker aldehydes, including methylbutanal, 2-methylpropanal, and acetaldehyde, were at the highest concentration in roasted cashews. The Maillard reaction contributed to the formation of most of the volatiles in cashews from the 3 countries. There was also degradation of sugars to form furan-type compounds and oxidation of lipids to form alkanals such as hexanal. The volatile profile during roasting of cashews can be used to determine the best roasting time for each type of cashew. The rate of color development and the production of volatiles differ for the cashews from the 3 geographical locations. © 2011 Institute of Food Technologists®

Registro fósil precuaternario de tetrápodos en los Pirineos occidentales

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Ana Berreteaga

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio de los niveles fosilíferos continentales y marinos del Cretácico Superior y del Terciario de la Región Vasco-Cantabrica (Sinclinorio Subcantábrico y cuencas surpirenaicas adyacentes (Cuenca de Pamplona, Sector Noroccidental de la Depresión del Ebro ha puesto de manifiesto su potencial paleontológico en restos fósiles de vertebrados. Algunos de estos yacimientos son de gran relevancia en el Cretácico final de Europa, incluyendo nuevas especies de tortugas, escamosos, cocodrilos, dinosaurios y mamíferos. En la misma cantera del yacimiento alavés de Zambrana, compuesta principalmente por reptiles y mamíferos, es de gran interés paleontológico y contribuye a un mejor conocimiento de las faunas del Eoceno superior de la Península Ibérica. En Zambrana se ha reconocido hasta la fecha varias nuevas especies de perisodáctilos ecuoideos. En el Neogeno, se han descubierto nuevas localidades del Mioceno (Rambliense, Aragoniense en las Bardenas Reales de Navarra y otras áreas colindantes de la Cuenca del Ebro, que han proporcionado restos de anfibios, escamosos, tortugas, cocodrilos, aves y varios grupos de mamíferos. Por otro lado, una notable variedad de icnofacies de aves y mamíferos ha sido hallada en diferentes afloramientos de los potentes depósitos marinos litorales (Eoceno superior y continentales (Oligoceno-Mioceno inferior de la Alta Navarra.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) juice preservation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavinas, F C; Miguel, M A L; Lopes, M L M; Valente Mesquita, V L

2008-08-01

High hydrostatic pressure is an alternative to thermal processing to inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Cashew apple juice has a pleasant flavor and is rich in vitamin C. Studies to determine the effect of high pressure on microorganisms in cashew apple juice are still lacking. In this study, the inactivation of natural micropopulation and inoculated Escherichia coli by high pressure was evaluated in fresh cashew apple juice. The microbiological stability of pressure-treated juice was also evaluated. The applied high pressure levels ranged from 250 to 400 MPa for periods of 3 to 7 min. Treatments with 350 MPa for 7 min and 400 MPa for either 3 or 7 min reduced the aerobic mesophilic bacteria count to a level below the detection limit. Pressure treatments were also efficient in inactivating yeast and filamentous fungi. The inoculated E. coli (10(6) CFU/mL) was reduced to below 10 CFU/mL after a pressure treatment of 400 MPa for 3 min. The inactivation of this microorganism followed a 1st-order reaction kinetics. The decimal reduction time (D-value) ranged from 1.21 to 16.43 min, while pressure resistance value (z-value) was 123.46 MPa. Neither natural micropopulation growth nor E. coli repair was observed in postprocessed (400 MPa for 3 min) cashew apple juice kept under refrigerated storage (at 4 degrees C) during 8 wk. The results of this study demonstrated the efficacy of high-pressure treatment for preserving cashew apple juice.

Pyrolysis and gasification of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) shell: liquid products characterization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figueiredo, Renata Andrade; Figueiredo, Flavio Augusto Bueno; Sanchez, Caio Glauco; Sanchez, Elisabete Maria Saraiva [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Combustion Lab.]. E-mails: flavioa@fem.unicamp.br; renataaf@fem.unicamp.br; caio@fem.unicamp.br; bete@fem.unicamp.br; Arauzo, Jesus; Sanchez, Jose Luis; Gonzalo, Alberto [University of Zaragoza (Spain). Aragon Institute of Engineering Research. Thermo-chemical Processes Group (GPT)]. E-mails: qtarauzo@unizar.es; jlsance@unizar.es; agonca@unizar.es

2008-07-01

The environment contamination with effluents generated in the biomass pyrolysis process has been waking up the scientific community's interest and concern in a larger number of countries, that are adopting measures to quantify and reduce the generated effluents. The pyrolysis and gasification are processes that can serve as alternative for the recovery of energy in the biomass usage. Considering that Brazil is one of the greatest world producers of biomass, the theme of the biomass usage in the generation of energy has been largely discussed. By the processes of pyrolysis and gasification, depending on the biomass type, the same can be transformed in fuel (liquid, char and gases in different proportions). However, the gases have a level of impurity that should be controlled to use it in a motor or turbine. The main impurities that should be controlled are tars, chars, ashes and nitrogenated compounds. The biomass used in this work is the cashew nut shell, from the Northeast of Brazil. In northeast there are industries that process the cashew nut which can use the cashew nut main reject (shell) as fuel, avoiding landfill sanitary deposit. By thermal conversion of the biomass in the pyrolysis and gasification process, it was quantified the production of solids (char), liquids (tar) and gases. It was evaluated the influences of the final temperature (800, 900 and 1000 deg C) and the use of N{sub 2} in pyrolysis case, and a mixture of N{sub 2} and vapor of water in the gasification case, in the amounts of char, tar and gas. The exhausted gas passes through a tar (liquid) condensation system, which consists of two glass condenser vessels cooled with a mixture of ice and water and an electrostatic precipitator. The liquid fractions are extracted with isopropanol and the sample is analyzed for CG-MS and CG-FID for the identification and quantification of the present compositions. Around 50 different composed have been detected in the liquid fraction obtained, most of them being present on very low concentrations. In order to facilitate the evolution study of the liquid composition fraction with the temperature, the compounds detected have been grouped according to their chemical nature. In this work, the classification of the compositions will be used proposed by Sanchez et al. (COBEM, 2007). It is observed that in the pyrolysis and gasification processes the liquid fraction production increases with the decrease of the temperature. The liquid fraction collected in the two processes presents predominance of oxygenated compounds. (author)

Effect of gamma radiation and storage on cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) quality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, Adriana Régia Marques de; Brazaca, Solange Guidolin Canniatti; Arthur, Valter; Oliveira, Anderson Giovani Cândico; Spoto, Marta Helena Fillet; Walder, Júlio Marcos Melges

2009-01-01

The non-efficiency or absence of techniques for adequate handling, transport, and storage of cashew stalks associated with a high level of perishability, generates high economic loss in the commercialization of these fruits, hence the development of conservation methods becomes a necessity in order to enhance the profitability. Cashew apples from precocious dwarf cashew tree were irradiated with doses of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 kGy and stored during nine days under refrigeration at 4 ºC for evaluation of the quality stability during storage. Chemical analyses were performed to verify changes in reducing sugars, Brix, vitamin C, and pH. Alterations in the firmness and color were also observed. The levels of vitamin C decreased as a function of storage as well as a function of the radiation doses employed. The firmness of the fruits was influenced by both the radiation doses and storage time, increasing during storage and decreasing as the radiation doses increased. Irradiation was shown to be efficient in the prolongation of the shelf-life of cashew stalks. (author) [pt

First report of Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae in Brazil

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A. L. Marsaro Júnior

Full Text Available Abstract Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Lecanodiaspididae and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae are reported for the first time in Brazil. Specimens of this scale insect were collected on branches and stems of Acacia mangium Willd., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam. de Wit (Fabaceae, Morus nigra L. (Moraceae, Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae, Tectona grandis L. f. (Verbenaceae, Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae, Annona squamosa L. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam. Mart. (Annonaceae, in three municipalities of the Roraima state. All plants here mentioned are recorded for the first time as a host for L. dendrobii. Morphological characters of L. dendrobii and symptoms presented by the host plants infested by this pest are included in this work.

La violence politique au prisme du genre à travers la presse française (1970-1994, thèse de doctorat en histoire contemporaine sous la direction de Christine Bard, Université d'Angers, 2011

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Fanny Bugnon

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Située à la croisée deux thématiques – l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de la violence – cette thèse s'inscrit dans la dynamique relativement récente de l'histoire de la violence des femmes en France. Double « silence de l'histoire », la violence des femmes est ici envisagée dans sa dimension politique à partir de sa médiatisation, interrogeant ainsi un double phénomène propre aux démocraties occidentales : la résurgence, dans l'après-68, d'actes violents et organisés motivés par des raiso...

First report of Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae) and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Marsaro Júnior, A L; Peronti, A L B G; Costa, V A; Morais, E G F; Pereira, P R V S

2016-02-01

Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Lecanodiaspididae) and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are reported for the first time in Brazil. Specimens of this scale insect were collected on branches and stems of Acacia mangium Willd., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae), Morus nigra L. (Moraceae), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae), Tectona grandis L. f. (Verbenaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Annona squamosa L. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae), in three municipalities of the Roraima state. All plants here mentioned are recorded for the first time as a host for L. dendrobii. Morphological characters of L. dendrobii and symptoms presented by the host plants infested by this pest are included in this work.

Antropología y ciudad culturas urbanas de fin de siglo: la mirada antropológica

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Néstor Gorda Canclini

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Alterminar el siglo XX,la antropología parece una disciplina dispuesta a abarcarlo todo. Desde hace varias décadas trascendió el estudio de pueblos campesinos no europeos o no occidentales, en losque se especializó al comenzar su historia como disciplina. Ha desarrollado investigaciones sobre las metrópolis, se fue ocupando de todo tipo de sociedades complejas, tradicionales ymodernas, de ciudades y redes transnacionales. Autores  posmodernos muestran incluso que el estilo antropológico de conocer tiene algo peculiar que revelarnos sobre las formas de multiculturalidad que proliferan en la globalización.

La Mauritanie jusqu’au xxe siècle

OpenAIRE

Vanacker, Christiane

2013-01-01

De par sa situation, par les populations qu’elle rassemble, la République Islamique de Mauritanie apparaît en quelque sorte comme un trait d’union entre le monde maghrébin et le monde Noir. Cette vocation s’est précisée aux ixe-xie siècles mais c’est en fait toute l’histoire du pays qui est liée à celle de l’Afrique Méditerranéenne et de l’Afrique Occidentale. L’étude de l’évolution de la Mauritanie nous amène constamment à franchir le cadre strict des frontières qui sont les siennes à l’heur...

Mass attenuation coefficients of X-rays in different medicinal plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morabad, R B [Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Physics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka (India); Kerur, B.R. [Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Physics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka (India)], E-mail: kerurbrk@yahoo.com

2010-02-15

The mass attenuation coefficients of specific parts of several plants, (fruits, leaves, stem and seeds) often used as medicines in the Indian herbal system, have been measured employing NaI (TI)) detector. The electronic setup used is a NaI (TI) detector, which is coupled to MCA for analysis of the spectrum. A source of {sup 241}Am is used to get X-rays in the energy range 8-32 keV from Cu, Rb, Mo, Ag and Ba targets. In the present study, the measured mass attenuation coefficient of Ocimum sanctum, Catharanthus roseus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinalis, Emblica officinalis, Anacardium occidentale, Momordica charantia and Syzygium cumini show a linear relation with the energy.

Notas para el estudio del origen de la comunicación social

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Dra. María José Ruiz Acosta

1998-01-01

Full Text Available En los años que cierran el siglo XX resulta gratuito cuestionar el grado de protagonismo adquirido por los medios de comunicación social en las naciones occidentales. Indiscutiblemente unidos a la evolución del hombre desde sus primeras expresiones, es, no obstante, desde la pasada centuria cuando esa ligazón adquiere tintes determinantes; alianza que pone de manifiesto la misma denominación de nuestra época como "era de la información". Desde la citada premisa, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar uno de los aspectos más atractivos -así como problemáticos- que conciernen a la comunicación: el origen de sus manifestaciones.

L’alienazione della donna tra esibizione e occultamento del corpo: dall’oscenità alla costruzione tecnica

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Ines Testoni

2013-06-01

Full Text Available L’articolo discute della contrapposizione tra la modalità italiana di considerare il corpo della donna, quale mero oggetto di desiderio sessuale, attraverso la sua esibizione e ildenudamento mediatici versus quella musulmana che, invece, lo nasconde sotto khimar,jilbab o burqa. L'analisi fa perno sui diritti umani fondamentali che nel loro percorsostorico, promuovono il primato dell’individuo e della sua autodeterminazione, per arri-vare a considerare i concetti di alienazione e di oscenità e verificare come le due posi-zioni siano in continuità. Si discute, quindi, delle possibili cause che, anche nell’attualesocietà occidentale, potrebbero ripristinare forme di tradizionalismo, a partire dalla stessa volontà delle donne.

Académico Honorario J. Hernando Ordóñez Garay.

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Z Cuéllar-Montoya

2006-06-01

Villeta es la capital nacional de la panela y por lo tanto, en las hermosas estribaciones montañosas que la circundan, son incontables las plantaciones de caña de azúcar, especialmente en las laderas occidentales, las que ascienden hacia el Alto del Trigo. En ella y en su cálido clima -22º promedio-, a 800 metros sobre el nivel del mar, buscaron la salud perdida y entregaron su alma al Todo Poderoso personalidades de la medicina como los Profesores Antonio Vargas Reyes 3, Manuel Plata Azuero 4 y Federico Rivas Mejía 5, todos miembros de la Sociedad de Medicina y Ciencias Naturales de Bogotá...

Aplicaciones del Just-In-Time en la Argentina

OpenAIRE

Enrique Yacuzzi; Carolina Fajntich; María Pía Romeo

2013-01-01

Este trabajo presenta el concepto de JIT (Just-In-Time, o justo a tiempo) y ofrece aplicaciones en la Argentina. En la Parte I, pone el JIT en el contexto de la gestión japonesa (management japonés): destaca las características de esta gestión, y resume su evolución a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Hace hincapié en la gestión de la producción y analiza los desafíos, críticas y las teorías de la convergencia con los sistemas occidentales que se han examinado a lo largo de los últimos 20 años...

Grégory DERVILLE (2017), Le pouvoir des médias

OpenAIRE

Ben Youssef, Imen

2018-01-01

Dans son ouvrage, Grégory Derville s’intéresse au pouvoir des médias ainsi qu’aux rapports entre le champ politique et les médias. Les sociétés occidentales ont connu au cours des dernières décennies la montée en puissance des médias. Celle-ci se manifeste par l’engouement des ménages pour l’acquisition de nouveaux appareils de communication, par la forte consommation des programmes télévisés ainsi que par la hausse de fréquentation des sites Web et des réseaux numériques. Ces bouleversements...

Pour le plaisir de la chose : analyse de contenu des conceptions et des usages du Kâmasûtra dans l'Occident contemporain

OpenAIRE

Robidas, Josiane

2010-01-01

Ce mémoire a pour but de retracer comment le Kāmasūtra, traité classique hindou sur l'art de vivre et d'aimer, est présenté et véhiculé dans l'Occident depuis sa première traduction, tant pour son interprétation, sa diffusion et sa réception que pour ce qu'il permet comme regards sur les représentations des sexualités occidentales. L'analyse de contenu a été faite à partir d'un corpus très hétérogène, contenant à la fois des traductions, des ouvrages scientifiques (qui permettent notamment la...

Mass attenuation coefficients of X-rays in different medicinal plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morabad, R.B.; Kerur, B.R.

2010-01-01

The mass attenuation coefficients of specific parts of several plants, (fruits, leaves, stem and seeds) often used as medicines in the Indian herbal system, have been measured employing NaI (TI)) detector. The electronic setup used is a NaI (TI) detector, which is coupled to MCA for analysis of the spectrum. A source of 241 Am is used to get X-rays in the energy range 8-32 keV from Cu, Rb, Mo, Ag and Ba targets. In the present study, the measured mass attenuation coefficient of Ocimum sanctum, Catharanthus roseus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinalis, Emblica officinalis, Anacardium occidentale, Momordica charantia and Syzygium cumini show a linear relation with the energy.

POSSIBILITIES TO USE NATURAL EXTRACTS FROM MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAP LIKE BOTANICAL REPELLENT OR INSECTICIDE COMPOUNDS AGAINST PEST INSECTS IN ECOLOGICAL CROPS (II

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Irina IONESCU-MĂLĂNCUŞ

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropods pests continues to expand i.e. repellents based on essential oils extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides, Eucalyptus saligna, Rosmarinus officinalis to mosquitoes, or cinnamon oil, sandalwood oil and turmeric oil are previously reported as insect repellents evaluatede in the laboratory conditions. With the constantly increasing problems of insecticide resistance and increasing public concerns regarding pesticide safety, new, safer active ingredients are becoming necessary to replace existing compounds on the market. The present study carried out in the period 2010-2012 comprises a review of two insect repellents, followed by some new research conducted in our laboratory on plant-derived insect repellents. The two alkaloids tested against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say in laboratory conditions was obtained by water and alchohol extraction from two vegetal species, Cichorium intybus L. (Asterales:Asteraceae and Delphinium consolida L. (Ranales:Ranunculaceae. The tests carried out in laboratory and field experimentally plots under cages permit to evaluate several other compounds for repellent activity of lacctucin alkaloids.

Redução de vitamina C em suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. industrializado e cajuína Vitamin C degradation in industrialized cashew juice (Anacardium occidentale L. and in cajuina

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Eráclito Silva Lima

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Vitamin C degradation was evaluated in industrialized cashew juice of high pulp content and in cajuina by the method of Tillmans during eleven days of storage after the opening of the flask. For recently opened juices, vitamin C was found in the concentration range of 112 to 170 mg for 100 g of juice. The degradation of vitamin C in industrialized cashew juices changes when different additives are used. All of the cajuinas presented a vitamin C content below that specified on the label.

Strategie militari e strategie narrative in Tucidide : la Grecia occidentale nella guerra archidamica

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Ugo Fantasia

2010-04-01

Full Text Available I. Una guerra più complessa delle altreL’altisonante affermazione che leggiamo in apertura della ξυγγραφή, che la guerra di cui Tucidide ha scritto la storia « fu certamente il più grande sconvolgimento che abbia interessato i Greci e una parte dei Barbari e che si sia esteso, per così dire, alla maggior parte dell’umanità » (I, 1, 2, può apparire a prima vista, e in parte sicuramente è, uno degli strumenti retorici di cui Tucidide si serve per dimostrare l’assunto di fondo della archaiologi...

Tecnica e riproducibilità: gli esiti della metafisica occidentale e la nuova dimensione estetica

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Antonio Martino

2015-03-01

Full Text Available AbstractNihilism coincides with the accomplishment of metaphysics which, in turn, culminates in the triumph of the scientific rationality. The essence of metaphysics, in its last accomplishment (nihilism, consists of the oblivion of being, while the essence of nihilism represents the awareness of that oblivious accomplishment. The shadow of the Being (Seiende covers the Being (Sein while the real facts lead the scientific-experimental thought determining, from Galileo on, the supremacy of the experimentally reproducible objectivity as well as of the scientific method on the actually productive subjectivity. The result is the so-called «technological planetary orientation»: lost the sense of the metaphysic question, philosophy comes to the end. In other words, after Nietzsche there is only science/technique. Therefore, how has all that weighed on the aesthetic dimension? The artistic productivity, though reflecting the torment of the human soul, towards the nothing of sensemiraculously tends to make the light of the Being (Sein appear from the shadow of the material Being (Seiende. Every originating artistic shine of the Being (Seinis an aesthetic expression from the pure creative human act which celebrates its own being as a dynamic bond of connections (inter-essewould say evocatively Kierkegaard-Climacus that cannot understand the origin but spread its form. Der Nihilismus entspricht der Erfüllung der Metaphysik, die wiederum im Triumph der wissenschaftlichen Rationalität. Das Wesen der Metaphysik, in seiner extremen Erfüllung (Nihilismus, besteht aus dem Vergessen des Seins und das Wesen des Nihilismus ist das Bewusstsein solcher vergessender Erfüllung. Der Schatten des Seiendes verdeckt das Sein und die Elemente der realen Welt (die Tatsachenlenken das wissenschaftliche, experimentelle Denken, das seit Galileo, die Hegemonieder experimentell reproduzierbaren Objektivität, und der wissenschaftlichen Methode über die effektive Subjektivität auslöst. Das Ergebnis ist die sogenannte „technologische/planetarische Ordnung“: geht der Sinn der metaphysischen Frage verloren, kommt die Philosophie zu einem Ende. Mit anderen Worten, nach Nietzsche gibt es nur Wissenschaft/Technik. Nun, wie hat all dies die ästhetische Dimension beeinflusst? Obwohl die künstlerische Produktivität das Leiden der menschlichen Seele angesichts des Nichts des Sinns wiederspiegelt, so neigt sie doch dazu, das Licht des Seins (wie durch ein Wunder aus dem Schatten des materiellen Seiende sichtbar werden zu lassen. Die Quelleeines jeden künstlerischen Schaffens des Wesens ist die ästhetische Manifestation des reinen kreativen Akt des Menschen, der  das eigeneSein als dynamischen Kern von Beziehungen zelebriert (inter-esse würde Kierkegaard-Climacus sagen der nicht im Stande ist, den Ursprung zu erfassen, sondern nur dessen Formen verbreiten.

PERIODICIDAD DIURNA DE TRES ESPECIES ENDEMICAS DE MILIPEDOS (ARTHROSPHAERA EN LOS GHATS OCCIDENTALES, INDIA

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B.S. Kadamannaya

2009-02-01

Full Text Available   Se evaluó la periodicidad diurna y conducta de tres species endémicas de milipedos pertenecientes al género Arthrosphaera (Sphaerotheriidae (Arthrosphaera dalyi, A. davisoni y A. fumosa en dos plantaciones mixtas (Kadaba y Basrikallu y en un bosque semi-perene (Madikeri durante la estación de monzon. El incremento de las temperaturas del aire (27.44 °C y suelo (26.13 °C indujeron un fase de descanso en A. dalyi en Kadaba. La fase de descanso no fue influenciada por la temperatura en A. davisoni (Basrikallu: aire, 20.5 °C, suelo 19.81 °C y en A. fumosa (Madikeri: aire, 19.69 °C, suelo 19.13 °C debido a las relativamente bajas temperaturas en su habitat. En el patron de conducta diurna, la mayoría de las actividades de Arthrosphaera estan confinadas al crepusculo o noche. Los patrones de conducta diurna de estas tres especies son predichas por diferencias entre localidades geográficas y habitat.

Seasonal and vertical variations of sinking particle fluxes in the West Caroline Basin

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Kawahata, H; Yamamuro, M; Ohta, H

1998-01-01

Des pièges à sédiments ont été déployés dans le bassin des Carolines Occidentales (ouest du Pacifique équatorial), entre la zone d'influence de la mousson d'Asie et l'océan ouvert. À la station 1, le flux annuel au piège le moins profond est 57, 10 g m-2 an-1. Les flux élevés de matière organique sont généralement associés au développement des communautés planctoniques à test silicieux et carbonaté. De plus, le rapport carbone organique/carbone minéral tend à augmenter avec la teneur en matiè...

The Politics of Religion in the United States Manifestations politiques de la religion aux États-Unis

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Josef Braml

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Aux États-Unis, les attitudes religieuses ont plus d’influence sur les choix politiques que dans n’importe quelle autre démocratie occidentale. L’engagement religieux/moral de la droite chrétienne polarise les États-Unis, ce qui a des conséquences sur le plan électoral mais aussi sur les choix politiques réels. L’importance de la droite chrétienne dans la coalition électorale du Parti républicain oblige celui-ci à mettre l’accent sur les questions liées à la sécurité nationale, en particulier la lutte anti-terroriste, afin de mieux souder une coalition électorale hétérogène.

The turn towards the past. Reflections on its nature and impact

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Jefferson Jaramillo Marín

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Las ciencias sociales han experimentado, desde mediados del siglo XX, varios giros epistemológicos, culturales y políticos en la forma de producir el conocimiento social. Sin lugar a dudas, los de mayor impacto han sido el “giro lingüístico” y el “giro cultural”. En este artículo reflexionamos, sin embargo, sobre el “giro hacia el pasado” que ocurre en el último cuarto del siglo XX. Éste giro repercute en el procesamiento y trámite del pasado, además de situar en la escena pública una preocupación cultural y política por el recuerdo, el olvido y la memoria en las sociedades occidentales.

L’ampliamento come occasione di recupero della memoria e dell’identità

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Giuseppe Pellitteri

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Presentiamo il progetto di ampliamento di un cimitero isolato di una cittadina della Sicilia occidentale in quanto esemplificativo del modo di affrontare il progetto dell’“addizione”. L’ampliamento si confronta con un ancora leggibile caratteristico impianto ottocentesco. Pur introducendo caratteri necessariamente innovativi, l’architettura progettata cerca di risolvere il difficile rapporto tra il nuovo impianto ed il vecchio cimitero dalla speciale forma a “campana”, in un sito in forte pendenza, a monte dell’abitato. Il recupero del luogo della memoria collettiva, depositata nel segno di un recinto chiuso, viene pensato attraverso l’intermediazione di uno spazio che cerca di mantenere, recuperandola e rafforzandola, l’identità dei luoghi, alterati negli ultimi anni da interventi incontrollati, restituendo la memoria stessa alla città.

Genre, raison et nation

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Rada Ivekovic

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Ce travail s’intéresse aux mécanismes de sexuation et de subjectivation dans la construction de la nation. Quelques-uns ont postulé le “retard” de certains groupes sociaux par rapport à l’avènement de la “modernité”, concernant notamment les sujets extraeuropéens, mais aussi les femmes. En réalité, il n’y a pas de retard soit des femmes, soit des peuples colonisés en matière de modernité, parce que la norme de celle-ci est établie elle-même de façon arbitraire à partir d’une position de domination hégémonique depuis la modernité occidentale.

Nascita e destino della soggettività. Dai ruoli professionali ai processi di cura, attraverso una lettura di "Quel che resta del giorno" di Kazuo Ishiguro

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Gabriele Profita

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Questa riflessione affronta un tema assai rilevante per le professioni di cura, con uno sguardo particolare alla psicoterapia. Per chiarire il ruolo della soggettività e della nascita e maturazione di un ruolo professionale riporterò un’analisi di un testo letterario attraverso il quale sarà più agevole scoprire come si forma l’identità di un ruolo professionale e come si avvia alla sua maturazione e alla sua codificazione. In particolare quali sono i rischi legati ad una sua rigida codificazione rivolta alla sua normatività tecnica? Mi propongo di tracciare un confronto con alcune forme di costruzione della soggettività che nel corso dei secoli hanno fondato il modello dell’uomo occidentale nelle sue articolazioni professionali.

¿Tartarow, origen, en forma y función, de Tarthssów?

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J. VARA

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Algunos arqueólogos creen a pies juntillas en ciertas fuentes de la antigüedad tardía que hablan de la existencia de una ciudad llamada Tarteso, situada en los confines occidentales del mundo entonces conocido, allá por la zona de la desembocadura del Guadalquivir o sus aledaños. Es curioso, y no deja de extrañar, que sean los arqueólogos los que, a falta de datos que les son propios, esto es, de arqueología, utilicen fuentes escritas para sostener su tesis de la existencia de Tarteso, mientras los filólogos no opinan sobre el particular, dejando de lado el análisis de los textos, que es asunto de su competencia.

La vie privée en droit camerounais

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Kameni, Guy Marcel

2013-01-01

La vie privée, notion sibylline et contingente, n’a pas de définition légale en droit Camerounais comme dans d’autres législations occidentales à l’exemple de la France. Cette légèreté du législateur pose de sérieux problèmes qui font de la vie privée, un objet juridique indéterminé justifiant la nécessité de la détermination de sa valeur juridique. La vie privée est un objet juridique indéterminé dans la mesure où tout effort de définition est délicat et plusieurs notions semblent y faire pa...

Familia e identidad masculina

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Gil Calvo, Enrique

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo que me mueve al abordar las relaciones entre la institución familiar y la identidad masculina no es el de inscribirme dentro de la tradición abierta por Elisabeth Badinter, cuando caracterizó (si es que no caricaturizó una presunta identidad de género, socialmente construida, que debiera ser atribuida a todos los varones occidentales por igual, en la medida en que se les invita a reconocerse en ella y a realizarla en su propia trayectoria personal; para luego, a partir de allí, analizar las consecuencias que para el desempeño de los papeles de hijo, hermano, novio, marido, padre, tío, abuelo, etc., se derivarían de la existencia de semejante identidad colectiva...

The image of Thought. The aura of the figure between philosophy and anthropology

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Stefano Lilliu

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Il saggio svolge un’indagine sull’emergere delle prime forme di figurazione e sul legame che esse intrattengono con la nascita della concettualità umana. Tramite la storia della figura si presenta un grande bivio della storia delle civiltà, la biforcazione essenziale causata dai due grandi modi di mettere all’opera la figura: da una parte l’operazione occidentale del senso, enucleata dalle analisi di Carlo Sini, dall’altra l’espressione figurativa delle trasformazioni naturali colta dall’ideogramma orientale, che produce un alternativo universo di senso, illustrata brillantemente da Fenollosa e Jullien. Attraverso l’evocazione dell’aura dei due diversi universi figurativi si tenta di delineare un percorso genealogico che ricostruisca un’unica immagine di pensiero.

Comunicación y Sociedad: De la Anorexia y Vigorexia. Presentación.

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Carlos Fanjul Peyró

2012-06-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, vivimos en un mundo mediatizado y supeditado a la imagen. Las transformaciones económico-sociales y los cambios en las mentalidades de los países occidentales han provocado una auténtica mutación social que apuesta por el materialismo y el individualismo, propios de la sociedad de consumo. El hedonismo se ha ido instalando progresivamente como actitud vital; la libertad, el disfrutar, el sentir más y hacerlo más rápido, se han consolidado como valores del siglo XXI. Hay un deseo muy fuerte del placer y del presente, y un fuerte deseo de vivirlo con el cuerpo, con lo tangible, con lo material.   

Influencia de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 y omega-6 de la dieta y de sus metabolitos en la respuesta inmune de tipo alérgico

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Deivis Javier Villanueva Pájaro

2015-04-01

En apoyo de lo anterior, la hipótesis de las grasas expone que paralelo al aumento de las alergias a nivel global, ha existido también un consumo excesivo de alimentos con alto contenido de ácidos grasos omega-6 y bajos en omega-3, principalmente en dietas occidentales y como resultado de intervenciones en prevención del riesgo cardiovascular, lo que en conjunto pudiera explicar parte de este fenómeno mundial. La evidencia a nivel epidemiológico y experimental muestra que ambas series de lípidos y varios de sus metabolitos ejercen un importante papel modulador en la patología alérgica, aspectos que serán abordados en la presente revisión temática.

Melhoramento do cajueiro-anão-precoce: avaliação da qualidade do pedúnculo e a heterose dos seus híbridos Improvement of the dwarf cashew tree: evaluation of the quality of the apple and the heterosis of their hybrids

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JOÃO RIBEIRO CRISÓSTOMO

2002-08-01

Full Text Available O consumo de pedúnculo de caju "in natura" vem experimentando incremento no Brasil após o cultivo dos novos clones de cajueiro-anão-precoce lançados nos anos oitenta. Apesar desses avanços, o consumo ainda é reduzido, uma vez que não ultrapassa 1% das cerca de 1,5 milhão de toneladas anuais produzidas no Nordeste. Este baixo consumo deve-se a alguns fatores, como o teor de tanino (0,27% a 0,72% existente nos tipos cultivados de A. occidentale L. Por isso, a Embrapa vem realizando pesquisa objetivando a melhoria dessa característica nos clones anão-precoce CP76 e CP09, via retrocruzamento, com a espécie A. microcarpum L. Neste trabalho, iniciado em 1999, avaliaram-se o tanino, a acidez total (ATT%, os sólidos solúveis totais (SST, a relação SST/ATT, o pH e a textura de pedúnculos dos genitores empregados nos retrocruzamentos e seus respectivos híbridos, com os seguintes resultados: a confirmaram-se os baixos teores de tanino (0,14% e de ATT (0,16% no A. microcarpum em relação às médias dos clones CP76 e CP09 (0,33% para tanino e 0,26% para ATT; b o A. microcarpum também foi superior quanto à relação SST/ATT (80,6% e a textura do pedúnculo (10,75 N, sendo os valores dos clones de 47,9 e 6,9N, respectivamente; c estes resultados confirmam a importância do A. microcarpum como pai doador no melhoramento genético; d os genitores não diferiram quanto aos teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST e pH; e os híbridos entre A. microcarpum e A. occidentale exibiram acentuado vigor híbrido com relação aos teores de tanino, acidez e textura, e ausência de vigor híbrido em relação aos valores do pH e de sólidos solúveis totais (SST; f não houve efeito nos cruzamentos recíprocos, para a maioria das características estudadas, à exceção do tanino.The in natura consumption of cashew apple is increasing in Brazil after the cultivation of new clones of dwarf cashew developed about two decades ago. In spite of this

Crystal structure, phytochemical study and enzyme inhibition activity of Ajaconine and Delectinine

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmad, Shujaat; Ahmad, Hanif; Khan, Hidayat Ullah; Shahzad, Adnan; Khan, Ezzat; Ali Shah, Syed Adnan; Ali, Mumtaz; Wadud, Abdul; Ghufran, Mehreen; Naz, Humera; Ahmad, Manzoor

2016-11-01

The Crystal structure, comparative DFT study and phytochemical investigation of atisine type C-20 diterpenoid alkaloid ajaconine (1) and lycoctonine type C-19 diterpenoid alkaloid delectinine (2) is reported here. These compounds were isolated from Delphinium chitralense. Both the natural products 1 and 2 crystallize in orthorhombic crystal system with identical space group of P212121. The geometric parameters of both compounds were calculated with the help of DFT using B3LYP/6-31+G (p) basis set and HOMO-LUMO energies, optimized band gaps, global hardness, ionization potential, electron affinity and global electrophilicity are calculated. The compounds 1 and 2 were screened for acetyl cholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase inhibition activities in a dose dependent manner followed by molecular docking to explore the possible inhibitory mechanism of ajaconine (1) and delectinine (2). The IC50 values of tested compounds against AChE were observed as 12.61 μM (compound 1) and 5.04 μM (compound 2). The same experiments were performed for inhibition of BChE and IC50 was observed to be 10.18 μM (1) and 9.21 μM (2). Promising inhibition activity was shown by both the compounds against AChE and BChE in comparison with standard drugs available in the market such as allanzanthane and galanthamine. The inhibition efficiency of both the natural products was determined in a dose dependent manner.

Isotermas de adsorção do pedúnculo seco do caju Adsorption isotherms of the dry cashew apple

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Siumara R. Alcântara

2009-02-01

Full Text Available A atividade de água constitui um fator importante no processo de fermentação semi-sólida, haja vista sua relação com a quantidade de água disponível ao microrganismo responsável pelo metabolismo do produto, sendo necessário à obtenção de isotermas de sorção para caracterização do substrato. Ante o exposto, objetivou-se a construção das isotermas de adsorção do pedúnculo seco do caju (Anacardium occidentale L. nas temperaturas usuais de fermentação (25, 30, 35 e 40 ºC. Ajustaram-se as isotermas com os modelos de BET, GAB, Oswin, Henderson e Smith. Observou-se que o modelo de GAB apresentou melhor ajuste, de vez que, na faixa de atividade de água que maximiza a biossíntese do microrganismo, para produção de pectinases por Aspergillus niger, a umidade do substrato deve estar acima de 35% b.s.Water activity is a very important factor in a solid state fermentation process due to its relation with the water quantity available to the microorganism that will synthesize the product. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the sorption isotherms for the characterization of the substrate. The objective of this study is to obtain adsorption isotherms of the dry cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L. at normal temperatures of fermentation process (25, 30, 35 e 40 ºC. Five mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data: BET, GAB, Oswin, Henderson e Smith. The GAB model was better fitted to the product. The isotherms allowed the determination of the appropriate moisture content to obtain the water activities that maximize the biosynthesis of the microorganism for the pectin production by solid state fermentation process. The moisture content of the substrate should be above 35% d.b.

Caravanes de lamas, sel et échanges dans une communauté de Potosí, en Bolivie

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1987-01-01

Full Text Available Les Salares d'Uyuni et de Coipasa sont, en Bolivie, les principales réserves de sel lequel constitue l'une des plus importantes ressources naturelles des habitants de la haute puna. Transporté par caravanes de lamas vers les basses terres orientales ou occidentales où il est échangé, ce sel leur permet d'acquérir les produits indispensables à leur vie quotidienne: maïs, piment, bois, coca. Cet article se propose de décrire et d'analyser la vie traditionnelle des caravaniers boliviens durant un périple d'échange vers les vallées. En Bolivia, los Salares de Uyuni y de Coipasa son las principales reservas de sal la que constituye una de las más importantes fuentes de recursos para los habitantes de la puna del altiplano central. Trasladada por medio de caravanas de llamas, hasta las yungas orientales u occidentales del litoral pacífico donde se intercambia, esta sal permite a estas poblaciones adquirir los productos indispensables para su vida cotidiana tales como la coca, el maíz, la madera.... A partir de un ejemplo preciso, intentamos, en este artículo, hacer una descripción y un análisis completo de la vida tradicional de estos llameros, durante uno de sus viajes de trueque hacia los valles. The great Salares of Uyuni and Coipasa are, in Bolivia, the main centers to provide salt, which is one of the most important resources of the inhabitants from the high puna. Carried each year by llama's caravans down to the other ecozones, as far as oriental or occidental valleys, and there bartered, it helps each community to obtain complementary row material which is necessary to their subsistence: maize, aji, wood, coca, etc... We intent, in this paper, to describe in detail, and from a specific example, the traditional way of living of the bolivian herdsmen during their annual trip to the valleys, and to analyze its possible socio-economical and ritual meaning.

La España de Franco desde el exterior: el inacabado camino hacia Occidente (1955-1975

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Hipólito de la Torre Gómez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo trata de combinar la ya bien conocida evolución política de la España de Franco con las percepciones que generó en las potencias occidentales. El bienio 1957-1959 (guerra de Ifni y colaboración con Francia; reorientación de la política económica supuso un importante viraje hacia Occidente de la diplomacia de Madrid. El franquismo carecía ya de cualquier alternativa. La modernización socio-económica lo estaba consolidando, al tiempo que preparaba las bases de un futuro democrático tras la desaparición de Franco. Las potencias democráticas tenían que aceptar la realidad de una España nueva, que ya no era aquella quantité négligeable de los primeros tiempos, pero cuya naturaleza política impedía el pleno desarrollo de todas sus potencialidades exteriores. Entre tanto los poderes occidentales debían ir apostando por el momento de la sucesión. This article tries to combine the wellknown political developments in Franco’s Spain and the perceptions generated by these in Western powers. The biennium 1957-1959 (War of Ifni and collaboration with France; reorientation of economic policy was a major turning point in Madrid’s diplomacy towards the West. Franco´s regime was already a reality without choice. Socio-economic modernization was backing the dictatorship, while laying the foundations for a democratic future after the Caudillo´s demise. The western powers had to accept the reality of this New Spain, which was no longer the quantité négligeable of early days, but whose political hindrances prevented the full development of its international potential. Meanwhile, the democracies had to go betting on the succession.

Indol-butyric acid levels on cashew cloning by air-layering process Níveis de ácido indolbutírico na clonagem do cajueiro pelo processo de mergulhia aérea

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Rodrigo Luiz Lopes

2005-12-01

Full Text Available A study was conducted to determine the possibility of cashew (Anacardium occidentale cloning by air-layering and influence of IBA (indol-butyric acid on this process. It was adopted a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 10 air layers each and 4 replications, reaching 160 air layers. The IBA levels on the treatments were, as follow: 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg.kg-1. It was evaluated: survival, callus and rooting percentage, average number and length of roots. The highest survival rate (67.5% was registered with no growth regulator and IBA at 1000 mg.kg-1, while the best rooting percentage (82% referred to 1000 mg.kg-1. In spite of average number and length of roots, the highest results were observed with IBA at 5000 mg.kg-1. IBA concentrations had no influence on cashew air-layering formation.Um estudo foi conduzido com a finalidade de determinar a possibilidade de clonagem do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale por alporquia e a influência do AIB (ácido indolbutírico nesse processo. Adotou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, 10 alporques por parcela, repetidos por 4 vezes, num total de 160 alporques. Os tratamentos constaram das concentrações de AIB: 0 (testemunha, 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg.kg-1. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de sobrevivência, calejamento e enraizamento, bem como número e comprimento médio de raízes. A maior percentagem de sobrevivência (67,5% foi observada para a testemunha e concentração de 1.000 mg.kg-1, enquanto a melhor percentagem de enraizamento (82% foi relacionada com o nível de 1.000 mg.kg-1. Para o número e comprimento médio de raízes, os melhores resultados foram concernentes à dose de 5.000 mg.kg-1. Não houve influência do AIB na clonagem do cajueiro por alporquia.

Cinética e caracterização físico-química do fermentado do pseudofruto do caju (Anacardium occidentale L. Kinetic and physico-chemical characterization of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. wine

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Alberto B. Torres Neto

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The production of cashew apple wine has the purpose of minimizing the wastage in the Brazilian cashew production. Knowing that the cashew apple fermentation produces a good cashew wine, a study of alcoholic fermentation kinetics of the cashew apple and the physico-chemical characterization of the product were made. The cashew wine was produced in an stirred batch reactor. The results of the physico-chemical analysis of volatiles, residual sugars, total acidity and pH of cashew wine showed that their concentrations were within the standard limits established by the Brazilian legislation for fruit wines.

RIESGOS PARA LA SALUD DERIVADOS DEL CONSUMO VOLUNTARIO E INVOLUNTARIO DE TABACO

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Finn Edler von Eyben

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo examina y actualiza los aspectos sanitarios del consumo de tabaco basándose especialmente en estudios llevados a cabo en países europeos, con énfasis en el tabaquismo en el lugar de trabajo. Se revisan los riesgos del consumo de tabaco para la salud en ambos sexos, el impacto en la esperanza de vida, las ventajas del abandono del consumo de tabaco, el patrón social del tabaquismo en las sociedades occidentales y las diferencias sociales en las enfermedades que causa. Se describen también los efectos inmediatos y a largo plazo del consumo involuntario de tabaco, sus consecuencias en el lugar de trabajo, y las técnicas de medida del Aire Contaminado por Humo de Tabaco (ACHT.

Riesgos para la salud derivados del consumo voluntario e involuntario de tabaco

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Eyben Finn Edler von

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo examina y actualiza los aspectos sanitarios del consumo de tabaco basándose especialmente en estudios llevados a cabo en países europeos, con énfasis en el tabaquismo en el lugar de trabajo. Se revisan los riesgos del consumo de tabaco para la salud en ambos sexos, el impacto en la esperanza de vida, las ventajas del abandono del consumo de tabaco, el patrón social del tabaquismo en las sociedades occidentales y las diferencias sociales en las enfermedades que causa. Se describen también los efectos inmediatos y a largo plazo del consumo involuntario de tabaco, sus consecuencias en el lugar de trabajo, y las técnicas de medida del Aire Contaminado por Humo de Tabaco (ACHT.

Mirando a la Pachamama: globalización y territorio en el Tarapacá andino

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Sergio Gonzu00E1lez Miranda

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la distancia cultural entre las poblaciones indígenas y la sociedad occidental desde la Colonia hasta nuestros días a través del concepto tiempo y espacio (devenir y territorio, empleando el concepto agua como un elemento vital y ritual. Se analizan las oportunidades y los riesgos que les plantea la globalización a las comunidades andinas, ofreciendo una propuesta, basada en la teoría de Sergio Boisier, que podría resolver el dilema entre globalización y desarrollo endógeno en la sociedad indígena. Se señala la importancia de la nueva geografía cultural, como disciplina, para entender la importancia del territorio en sociedades y culturas no occidentales como la andina.

La langue des unscriptions latines en slovénie

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Mitja Skubic

1981-12-01

Full Text Available Les inscriptions latines dans les régions du Sud-est de l'Europe, dont la langue a déja été étudiée par Mihǎescu, sont nombreuses.Cependant, seules, ici, certaines parties des anciennes provinces de Norique, de Pannonie Supérieure et d'Istrie nord-occidentale nous intéresseront, c'est-à-dire, celles qui font aujourd'hui partie de la République Socialiste de Slovénie. Il n'y a pas de raisons historiques, certes, pour une telle d ­ limitation, vu que la Norique et la Pannonie Supérieure n'ont pas subi, depuis leur latinisation, d' événements historiques qui auraient pu influencer la langue écrite d'une manière différente.

Image-Analysis Based on Seed Phenomics in Sesame

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Prasad R.

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The seed coat (testa structure of twenty-three cultivated (Sesamum indicum L. and six wild sesame (s. occidentale Regel & Heer., S. mulayanum Nair, S. prostratum Retz., S. radiatum Schumach. & Thonn., S. angustifolium (Oliv. Engl. and S. schinzianum Asch germplasm was analyzed from digital and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM images with dedicated software using the descriptors for computer based seed image analysis to understand the diversity of seed morphometric traits, which later on can be extended to screen and evaluate improved genotypes of sesame. Seeds of wild sesame species could conveniently be distinguished from cultivated varieties based on shape and architectural analysis. Results indicated discrete ‘cut off values to identify definite shape and contour of seed for a desirable sesame genotype along with the con-ventional practice of selecting lighter colored testa.

Aux origines théologiques de la souveraineté essai sur les sciences sociales et politiques

CERN Document Server

De Smet, François

2015-01-01

Nos sociétés politiques sont construites depuis plusieurs siècles sur le principe de la souveraineté de l'État. Cette invention du juriste français Jean Bodin, élaborée sur le terrain ravagé des guerres entre rois et papes caractéristiques des temps médiévaux, a nourri la pensée occidentale de l'autorité politique jusqu'à nos jours. Elle véhicule avec elle une vision de la division entre politique et religieux qui détermine, encore aujourd'hui, la division que nous estimons la majeure partie du temps évidente entre ces deux sphères. En effet, la souveraineté s'est bâtie comme identité de l'Ét

Look what I found! Poison hunting on eBay.

Science.gov (United States)

Cantrell, F Lee

2005-01-01

Many substances deemed too dangerous for commercial use are still available to the general public. The purchase of these substances may potentially place members of the general public at risk for serious poisonings. This study was designed to document the large variety of dangerous poisons readily available on a popular online auction Web site. Methods. Over a 10-month period, the online auction Web site eBays was searched daily using the terms "poison" and "contents." Product name, active ingredients, what form the product is in, amount in container, and relative toxicity rating (Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, Gosselin, et al.) were recorded. If available, pictures of the products were saved. One hundred twenty-one individual products were identified. Fifty-five were in solid/tablet form, 37 were powders, and 29 were liquids. Product containers were full for 56 items and partially full for 65. Twenty-four products contained ingredients rated as "supertoxic" and included strychnine (10), arsenic trioxide (8), cyanide (2) and nicotine, pilocarpine, phosphorus, powdered conium maculatum (1 each). Sixty-three products contained "extremely toxic" ingredients including thallium, picrotoxin, soluble barium, antimony, mercury, arsenates, podophyllin, fluoride, zinc phosphide, atropine, scopolamine, and plant extracts of gelsemium, aconite, larkspur, and croton. Twenty-one products contained "very toxic" ingredients including lead, copper, camphor, caffeine, theobromine, creosote, pyrogallic acid, sparteine, quinine, lindane, warfarin, phenol, and digitalis. The remaining 13 were "moderately-slightly toxic." While the viability of the labeled ingredients could not be verified, the transportation, handling, and potential utilization of these dangerous poisons by the general public could result in serious poisonings.

The effects of gamma irradiation on cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lapade, A.G.; Barrida, A.C.; Veluz, A.M.S.; Aurigue, F.B.; Marbella, L.J.; Rama, M.G.

2004-01-01

A study on the effects of gamma radiation on cashew and mangosteen was conducted. In cashew seeds exposed to gamma radiation with dose raging from 100 to 400 Gy, the highest percentage emergence of 80% was obtained in the control and 100 Gy. Percent emergence decreased from 200-400 Gy. Seeds irradiated with 400 Gy gave the lowest percentage of only 10%, 4 weeks after sowing, Slight increase in emergence was observed at low dose of 5 and 10 Gy gamma rays over that of the control in mangosteen. However, at doses 20 and 30 Gy, percent emergence decreased. No shoot emergence was noted at 40 Gy, 7 weeks after sowing. In both cashew and mangosteen, gamma irradiation caused a decreased in seedling height and increased frequency of induced morphological changes (leaf abnormalities, stem bifurcation, reduction in internode length and changes in chlorophyll pattern). Differences in response of cashew and mangosteen to gamma radiation were attributed to species and dosage of radiation used. Based on the foregoing results, gamma radiation is an effective mutagenic agent in inducing morphological as well as genetic changes in both tree crop species. In the micropropagation of mangosteen using the in-vitro culture system, the best treatment for callus induction was MS basal medium and MS with 2 mg/1 BA; for root formation, the best treatment combination was 4 mg/ 1 BA + 6 mg/1 NAA; and for plantlet regeneration, the optium treatment was MS with 6 mg/1 BA + 6 mg/1 NAA. (Author)

The Muslim Emigration in Western Anatolia L’émigration musulmane de 1914 en Anatolie occidentale

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Elçin Macar

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Avec les guerres balkaniques, toute la région apprit à connaître un nouveau concept : le nettoyage ethnique. Les États cherchant à homogénéiser leur population le firent de deux manières : par les traités ou par la force. Les statistiques démographiques devinrent ainsi un instrument politique et commença alors « la manipulation ethnique ». Parmi les Chrétiens anatoliens, les Grecs ottomans furent la première cible du CUP qui craignait de perdre « le dernier territoire restant ». Talat Pacha, ministre de l'Intérieur parla aux diplomates allemands de débarrasser le pays « des ennemis de l’intérieur ». Expulsions, terreur et déportations : entre 1912 et 1918, sur les deux rives de l’Égée, près de la moitié des 17,5 millions d’habitants ont été « déplacés ». Le legs le pire de cette période est la tendance des États à croire qu’ils ont le droit d’échanger ou de déporter leurs populations comme du bétail.With the Balkan Wars, the whole region was introduced to a new concept: Ethnic cleansing. States looking to homogenize their population did this in two ways: either by treaty or by force. Population statistics thus became one political instrument and then started the “ethnic engineering”. Among Anatolian Christians, Ottoman Greeks were the first target of the CUP who feared losing the “last remaining territory”. Talat Pasha, Minister of the Interior, talked to German diplomats about ridding the country of “internal enemies”. After expulsions, terrorism and deportations between 1913 and 1918, on both sides of the Aegean, almost half the population of 17.5 million changed places. The era’s worst legacy is the idea that states have a right to exchange or deport their populations like property.

Oxidation of cashew tree gum exudate polysaccharide with TEMPO reagent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cunha, Pablyana L.R.; Maciel, Jeanny S.; Paula, Regina C.M. de; Feitosa, Judith P.A.; Sierakowski, Maria Rita

2007-01-01

Cashew gum (CG), an exudate polysaccharide from Anacardium occidentale trees, was oxidized with TEMPO reagent and the product (CGOX) characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and NMR), chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GPC), viscosity measurements and thermal analysis (TGA). The yield of the reaction product was 96%. The uronic acid content in starting gum (7.2 m%) was increased to 36 m%. The degree of oxidation based on free galactose and glucose units was 68%. NMR data show that oxidation occurred preferentially at primary carbons of galactose units. High degradation degree after oxidation was estimated by the difference on the expected and observed η CGOX /η CG ratio. The presence of organic and inorganic impurities in the new polyelectrolyte was detected by TGA. A less thermally stable cashew gum is formed after the oxidation with TEMPO based on initial decomposition temperature and IPDT. (author)

Bioconversion of hydrolyzed cashew peduncle bagasse for ethanol and xylitol production

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Lorena L. de Medeiros

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The agro-industrial waste deposited in the environment causes problems in nature that can be solved with the use and generation of bioproducts. Thus, the objective was to study the lignocellulosic fraction of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. peduncle bagasse and fermentation on large scale (8-16 times using the strain Candida guilliermondii CCT-3544 as production agent. According to the obtained results, it can be noted that the dry cashew peduncle bagasse has 21.45% of cellulose, 10.96% of hemicellulose and 35.39% of lignin. During fermentation, C. guilliermondii 3544-CAT was able to grow on medium containing hydrolysate, with maximum cell growth concentration of 3.5 g L-1. The behavior of the sugars in the fermentation process was similar in the different variables, with maximum production of ethanol and xylitol at 48 h of fermentation.

La tecnificación de la Política. Aproximación histórica al uso de los “expedientes técnicos” de naturaleza corporativa en la definición jurídica de la Política Social.

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Sergio Fernández Riquelme

2009-07-01

Full Text Available El siguiente trabajo realiza una aproximación histórica al desarrollo instrumental de los “expedientes técnicos” de naturaleza tecnocrática, y en especial de carácter corporativo. Para ello establecemos cuatro fases generales en la definición técnica los sistemas de gestión ejecutiva y de representación legislativa, resaltando el impacto de las teorías centradas en la idea del “trabajo organizado. De esta manera, podemos introducir las claves filosóficas, tanto jurídicas como políticas, de un fenómeno, no siempre advertido, de “tecnificación de la política” presente en las sociedades occidentales que ha generado y genera una Política social determinada por criterios económicos.

The total antioxidant capacity and fluorescence imaging of selected plant leaves commonly consumed in Brunei Darussalam

Science.gov (United States)

Watu, Aswani; Metussin, Nurzaidah; Yasin, Hartini M.; Usman, Anwar

2018-02-01

We investigated the total antioxidant capacity and fluorescence imaging of several selected plants, namely Centella asiatica, Aidia borneensis and Anacardium occidentale, which are grown and traditionally consumed in Brunei Darussalam. The total antioxidant capacities of aqueous-methanolic infusions of their leaves were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and microscopic fluorescence images were measured to identify the fluorescent substances bound in the leaves. We found that the total antioxidant capacity of their infusions is estimated to be 150, 25, 15 folds, respectively, lower compared with that of the standard gallic acid. Accordingly, we demonstrated that the relative antioxidant activity of young and matured leaves agrees with the intensity of red light emission of their fresh leaves upon UV excitation. Thus, this non-invasive spectroscopic method can be potentially utilized to indicate the antioxidants in plant leaves qualitatively.

Reducing losses inflicted by insect pests on cashew, using weaver ants as a biological control agent

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Anato, Florence; Wargui, Rosine; Sinzogan, Antonio

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus) is the largest agricultural export product in Benin. However, yields and quality are lost due to inefficient pest control. Weaver ants (Oecophylla spp.) may control pests in this crop as they eat and deter pests. In Benin, cashew pest damages......, nut quality and yield were compared among: (i) trees with weaver ant (Oecophylla longinoda Latreille), (ii) trees where weaver ants were fed sugar, (iii) IPM trees with weaver ants combined with GF-120 (a natural insecticide), and (iv) control trees receiving no control measures. RESULTS: Thrips...... damages on nuts were higher than other damage symptoms and significantly lower on control trees compared to other treatments. Percentage of first quality nuts was higher in the control compared to ants treatments, but not different from the IPM-treatment. However, compared to the control treatment, ants...

Étude palynologique du Dévonien terminal et du Carbonifère inférieur du bassin d'Illizi (Fort-Polignac, Algérie Palynological Study of the Uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in the Illizi Basin (Fort-Polignac, Algeria

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Attar A.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available L'étude de la microflore des formations Djebel llleréne, Issendjel, Assekaïfaf, Oubarakat et El Adeb Larache du bassin d'Illizi (Sahara algérien a permis d'établir, depuis le Dévonien terminal jusqu au Namurien, six palynozones. Une comparaison est faite avec les travaux de Lanzoni et Magloire et de Massa et al. (bassin de Rhadamès, Libye occidentale. A study of microflora from the Djebel Illeréne, Issendjel, Assekaïfaf, Oubarakat und El Adeb Larache formations in the Illizi Basin (Algerian Sahara has enabled six palynozones to be identified in the interval between the uppermost Devonian and the Namurian. The findings are compared with those by Lanzoni and Magloire (Grand Erg Occidental, Algerian Sahara and Massa et al. (Rhadamès Basin, western Libya.

OSSERVAZIONI SU UNO SCAMBIO DI POEMETTI TRA PIETRO STANCOVICH E MARTINO FIORANTI

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Sandro Cergna

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Il lavoro presenta un’analisi comparata tra due poemetti d’occasione in dialetto istroveneto dell’Istria sud-occidentale. I componimenti, scritti nel 1826 dal dignanese Martino Fioranti e dal canonico di Barbana Pietro Stancovich, rappresentano un’importante attestazione della presenza di un’attività poetica in quella che rappresentava all’epoca la koiné del territorio istriano, cioè l’idioma di diretta derivazione veneziana. I poemetti rivestono scarsa importanza a livello letterario. Più interessanti si rivelano, invece, se osservati da una prospettiva storica e documentaristica, attraverso la quale ci si svela l’ambiente, il costume dell’epoca, e soprattutto il rapporto di cordiale amicizia che univa i due poeti. In chiusura del lavoro si dà un breve confronto tra il poemetto e i tre sonetti di Martino Fioranti, rinvenuti nell’archivio della Biblioteca universitaria di Pola.

Recuperação e concentração de componentes do aroma de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. por pervaporação Recovery of aroma compounds of cashew apple fruit (Anacardium occidentale L. by pervaporation

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André von Randow de Assis

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A pervaporação é um processo de separação por membranas, no qual misturas líquidas são fracionadas devido à sua vaporização parcial através de uma membrana densa de permeabilidade seletiva. Este processo pode ser utilizado na recuperação e concentração de componentes de aromas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a pervaporação para obtenção de um extrato natural de aroma de caju, que poderá ser utilizado como aditivo na indústria de alimentos. Polpa de caju foi a matéria-prima utilizada no trabalho. O processo de pervaporação foi conduzido a 25 e 35 °C em membranas de polidimetilsiloxano. Foram recolhidas amostras do suco de caju, no início e ao final do processo, e do permeado para a caracterização do perfil aromático através de CG-EM. O processo de pervaporação apresentou um alto fluxo de permeado para o suco de caju, 0,11 e 0,17 kg.hm-2 a 25 e 35 °C, respectivamente. Os cromatogramas revelaram um grande aumento no número de picos nas amostras de permeado em relação aos cromatogramas das amostras do suco de caju original, sendo que cerca de 50% dos componentes identificados no permeado apresentaram um acréscimo em suas áreas em relação aos do suco original, indicando a potencialidade deste processo para a concentração do aroma de caju.Pervaporation is a membrane separation process in which components from liquid mixtures are fractionated due to their partial vaporisation through a dense selective membrane. This process can be used to recover aroma compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the pervaporation to obtain a natural aroma extract from cashew apple fruit, which can be used as an additive in the food industry. Cashew pulp was used as raw material. Pervaporation was carried out at 25 and 35 °C using polymethylsiloxane membranes. Samples of the cashew juice in the beginning and at the end of the pervaporation and from the permeate were picked to characterise the aromatic profile by GC-MS. The pervaporation of the cashew juice presented a high permeate flux, 0.11 kgh-1m-2 and 0.17 kg.hm-2, at 25 and 35 °C, respectively. The chromatograms showed an increase in the number of compounds in the permeate samples when compared to the chromatograms of the cashew juice. By comparing the peak areas, it could be observed that almost 50% of the identified components in the permeate samples presented an increase in the peak area, showing the potentiality of this process to the concentration of the aroma of cashew apple juice.

Floral anatomy of Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae: comparing flower organization and vascular patterns

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Andrew V. Novikoff

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Species of the tribe Delphinieae have dorsoventralized flowers; their pentamerous calyx and reduced corolla are dorsally spurred and inner spurs are nectariferous. Based on this common floral scheme, Delphinieae species exhibit a wide diversity of floral structures and morphologies. We present here the first investigation of the floral anatomy in Delphinieae. The organization of the floral vascular system has been studied in species representative of the floral morphological diversity of Delphinieae: Aconitum lasiocarpum, Delphinium elatum, and Consolida regalis. The three species show a similar vascularization of the calyx and of the reproductive organs, but exhibit distinct anatomical features in the corolla where the nectaries are borne. The sepals and the stamens have a trilacunar three-traced and a unilacunar one-traced vascularization, respectively. Three free carpels in D. elatum and A. lasiocarpum are basically supplied by six vascular bundles – three independent dorsal bundles and three fused lateral bundles. In C. regalis the single carpel is supplied by three independent vascular bundles (one dorsal and two ventral. Staminodes are not vascularized. The basic type of petal vascularization is unilacunar one-traced, but in the case of C. regalis the derived bilacunar two-traced type has been observed. This latter state arose as a result of the fusion of the two dorsal petal primordia. The results of this first comparative study of the floral anatomy of Delphinieae are discussed with the recent phylogenetic, morphological, and evo-devo findings concerning the tribe.

Polyphenolic Compositions and Chromatic Characteristics of Bog Bilberry Syrup Wines

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Shu-Xun Liu

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Phenolic compounds determine the color quality of fruit wines. In this study, the phenolic compound content and composition, color characteristics and changes during 6 months of bottle aging were studied in wines fermented with bog bilberry syrup under three different pHs. The total anthocyanins and total phenols were around 15.12–16.23 mg/L and 475.82 to 486.50 mg GAE/L in fresh wines and declined 22%–31% and about 11% in bottle aged wines, respectively. In fresh wines, eight anthocyanins, six phenolic aids and 14 flavonols, but no flavon-3-ols were identified; Malvidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinium-3-O-glucoside were the predominant pigments; Chlorogentic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid, and quercetin-3-O-galactoside and myricetin-3-O-galactoside accounted for nearly 90% of the total flavonols. During 6 months of bottle storage, the amounts of all the monomeric anthocyanins and phenolic acids were reduced dramatically, while the glycosidyl flavonols remained constant or were less reduced and their corresponding aglycones increased a lot. The effects of aging on blueberry wine color were described as the loss of color intensity with a dramatic change in color hue, from initial red-purple up to final red-brick nuances, while the pH of the fermentation matrix was negatively related to the color stability of aged wine.

Feasibility of Preparing Nesting Box and Luring Large Solitary Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa Valga

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Schulz Michał

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Xylocopa valga, commonly called the carpenter bee and the largest bee with metallicviolet hair cover, is extremely rarely observed in Poland. We hypothesize that a stable and possibly long-term population of X. valga can be maintained in Poland through the creation of suitable nesting conditions. X. valga has been observed since the spring of 2014 in Wisznice (south-eastern Poland. A nesting box made out of 25 wooden blocks with drilled holes was hung about 2.5 meters above the ground. X. valga were interested in the blocks made of willow wood but did not nest in the beech, alder and pine. The carpenter bees chose holes made with drill bits of 10, 15, 20 mm in diameter and a length of 10, 15 and 20 cm. X. valga flying in the same direction most often visited the flora taxa: Aquilegia vulgaris, Ballota nigra, Consolida ajacis, Delphinium consolida, Deutzia scabra, Catalpa spp., Wisteria spp., Robinia ambigua, Stachys spp. and Trifolium pretense. X. valga is a solitary bee, but unlike most other solitary bees it demonstrates aspects of social behavior. It was observed to display cohabitative behavior involving the use of a single hole by more than one female. The females showed aggressive defensive behavior and if approached too closely started buzzing loudly. The information obtained during the long-term observation shows that X. valga can be maintained in partly artificial conditions to increase and stabilize the bee population.

Etica, filosofia e mediazione linguistica: dall’Etica della filosofia occidentale al codice deontologico della mediazione linguistica

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Mette Rudvin

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract – Over the last few years, the issue of professional ethics has received much attention in the field of interpreting and translation, and in particular in the field of Community Interpreting (CI or Public Service Interpreting (PSI. (In this chapter we will refer to CI or PSI in Italian as ‘Mediazione Linguistica’. Today, ‘ethics’ figures prominently in the literature, in international conferences, in interpreting courses, in translation/interpreting mailing lists as well as in the working lives of professional interpreters. As an object of theoretical inquiry (meta-ethics as well as a guide for human conduct (normative ethics, ethics has been a prime focus of Western moral philosophy since the time of the Ancient Greeks. This chapter situates the main ethical tenets of the CI/PSI interpreting profession within the framework of the main principles of moral philosophy, namely notions of ‘good’, ‘virtue’, ‘duty’, ‘responsibility’, ‘utility’ and ‘consequence of actions’. The three principal ethical tenets of CI/PSI discussed in this chapter, Accuracy, Impartiality and Confidentiality, were identified on the basis of a general literature review and more specifically from a variegated (and to some degree representative sample of CI/PSI Codes of Ethics. The chapter argues that there is an underlying connection between the principal tenets of moral philosophy and those of the interpreting profession (which mirror similar ethical principles in other professions. The tenet of Accuracy could be seen as a ‘contract’ between interpreter and client, interpreter and source, interpreter and text/translation process/profession. The chapter situates the interpreter’s sense of duty and responsibility towards this tenet at an individual and collective level, within the Kantian tradition of Duty. The other two tenets – impartiality and confidentiality – safeguard the interpreter’s conduct towards the source (author/speaker, professional community and institution as well as towards the receiver (reader/listener.

Processo de secagem da goma de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) e suas propriedades tecnolÃgicas.

OpenAIRE

Valeria Melo de Souza

2011-01-01

PaÃses tropicais, como o Brasil, sÃo depositÃrios de uma grande variedade de fontes de polissacarÃdeos vegetais conhecidos e outros ainda nÃo explorados que possuem grande potencial em aplicaÃÃes industriais. A goma de cajueiro pode ser citada como um desses polissacarÃdeos. Algumas pesquisas reportam a possibilidade do uso da goma de cajueiro em vÃrios setores e por sua semelhanÃa estrutural com a goma arÃbica, tem sido sugerida como substituta. Sendo assim, este projeto se propÃe a ...

Fermentasi Etanol Sari Buah Semu Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L. oleh Zymomonas mobilis dengan Penambahan Urea

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RATNA SETYANINGSIH

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cashew present in abundant amount in Indonesia but they had not muchbeen exploited. This research was to study ethanol fermentation from cashew juice by Zymomonas mobilis using urea as nitrogen source. The aims of this research was to know the best urea concentration and optimum fermentation duration to produce the highest content of ethanol in ethanol fermentation from cashew juice by Z. mobilis. The urea concentration in media was prepared 0%; 0.2% and 0.4%. The media cashew juice + urea (100 mL was inoculated with 1 mL Z. mobilis 2x108 cell/mL. Initial pH, reducing sugar, amount of microorganism and concentration of ethanol was calculated everyday during 3 days. It could be concluded that 0.2% of urea produced the highest content of ethanol that was an amount 40.51%, followed by urea 0% was 30.59% and urea 0.4% was 25.63%. The optimum fermentation duration to produce the highest content of ethanol was 2 days.

Bioethanol production by cashew apple bagasse (Anacardium occidentale L.): comparison of acid diluted and alkali pre-treatments; Producao de bioetanol a partir da fibra do caju (Anacardium occidentale L.): comparacao entre o pre-tratamento acido e alcalino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, Tigressa H.S.; Pinheiro, Alvaro D.T.; Goncalves, Luciana R.B. [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil); Rocha, Maria V.P.; Macedo, Gorete R. de [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Due to the growing environmental awareness on the negative impact resulting from utilization of fossil fuels, and in the search for renewable energy sources, biofuels' interest as Bioethanol has rapidly expanded recently. In this context, lignocellulosic compounds have become center of attention as an abundant and economic alternative source of carbohydrates for ethanol production. In this study, cashew's bagasse acid hydrolysis was initially studied for glucose synthesis and its fermentation towards ethanol production. Sulfuric acid concentration, solids concentration and time were some of the factors evaluated. The highest glucose productivity value (162,9 mg.g de bagaco{sup -1}) , was obtained for 0,6 mol.L{sup -1} of sulfuric acid in an autoclave at 121 deg C for 15 min. For the fermentation of the hydrolyzed material by S. cerevisiae containing 16 {+-} 2,0 g.L{sup -1} of glucose metabolic, the yield and productivity obtained were 0,63 g-g glucose{sup -1} and 1,43 g.L{sup -1}h{sup -1} respectively. Ethanol concentration after 6 h of fermentation of this hydrolyzed was 11 g.L{sup -1}. In the best conditions of acid hydrolysis, a second pre-treatment with diluted sulfuric acid was performed to evaluate availability of hemicelluloses at 160 deg C and 180 deg C. For comparative purposes, alkali pre-treatment was evaluated under the conditions of 0,6 mol.L{sup -1}, 30% p/v of bagasse thermically treated at 121 deg C for 15 minutes. However, concentration of sugars was not sufficient for fermentation. Also, nitrogen supplementation of the hydrolyzed fraction did not influence significantly ethanol production. The results demonstrate that the hydrolyzed fraction from the acid pre-treatment of cashew's bagasse could be utilized for ethanol production. (author)

Dimensión social de la publicidad exterior

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Lic. Marta Pacheco Rueda

1998-01-01

Full Text Available La publicidad exterior moderna nace en España a principios de los años 60, en un período en que desde el gobierno se acomete una serie de iniciativas tendentes a reactivar la economía del país. La incipiente apertura económica no es desaprovechada por grandes firmas internacionales que aumentan sus inversiones e introducen en el mercado español productos con una larga tradición de consumo en los países occidentales industrializados. Se produce el asentamiento definitivo de las agencias multinacionales de publicidad, de procedencia norteamericana sobre todo, que traen consigo técnicas que responden a una filosofía de marketing, término que si en aquel momento resulta un tanto extraño, con el paso de los años se convierte en un vocablo de uso extendido.

Inquérito epidemiológico sobre plantas tóxicas das mesoregiões Central e Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte

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Severino Antonio Geraldo Neto

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo para determinar as plantas tóxicas incriminadas como de interesse zootécnico em 35 municípios das mesorregiões Central e Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN. Foram entrevistados 180 produtores, 20 médicos veterinários, 12 técnicos agrícolas e 5 agrônomos. Os dados obtidos nas entrevistas foram compilados e analisados com auxílio do programa Epi Info versão 6.04. As plantas tóxicas relatadas pelos entrevistados como causadoras de diversos surtos foram Ipomoea asarifolia, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Indigofera suffruticosa, Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii, Amorimia septentrionalis, Tephrosia cinerea, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Marsdenia megalantha, Anacardium occidentale, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Crotalaria retusa, Froelichia humboldtiana, Ipomoea carnea, Leucaena leucocephala, Manihot esculenta, Mimosa tenuiflora, Nerium oleander, Prosopis juliflora, Ricinus communis, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense e Urochloa (Brachiaria decumbens.

Aves y endemismo en los bosques relictos de la vertiente occidental andina del norte del Perú y sur del Ecuador

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Jeremy N. M. Flanagan

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Los bosques relictos de las vertientes occidentales de los Andes del norte del Perú y el sur del Ecuador forman parte de dos regiones, una la denominada región de endemismo tumbesina (caracterizada principalmente por bosques secos y otra, en altitudes mayores, la región de endemismo del sur de los Andes centrales (caracterizada por bosques nublados y páramo. La región tumbesina es reconocida por albergar gran cantidad de aves endémicas, muchas de las cuales están amenazadas, y también por el alto grado de deforestación y fragmentación de sus hábitats naturales. Este artículo presenta un resumen del estado de conservación de dichas aves y bosques, con recomendaciones para mejorar la conservación de los últimos bosques de la vertiente occidental.

L’effet, c'est moi: Marguerite Yourcenar lectrice de Nietzsche

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May Chehab

2008-07-01

Full Text Available La déconstruction nietzschéenne de la philosophie du sujet traverse toute l’œuvre de Marguerite Yourcenar : par un doute constant quant à la validité philosophique de la tradition occidentale du ‘moi’ ; par la conviction que le ‘je’ est un fait de langage et l’une des grandes erreurs de l’entendement intellectualiste face à l’intuitionnisme des philosophies orientales ; par la substitution d’une constellation du sujet à la place du royaume de l’unique. Naître à soi n’est plus soumission religieuse mais exigence personnelle d’élévation morale, dont l’accomplissement nécessite que l’on acquiesce à son destin, ceci constituant la seule liberté accessible au genre humain. À la transcendance chrétienne vient se substituer une immanence esthétique qui donne forme au projet yourcenarien de connaissance de soi.

Oxidation of cashew tree gum exudate polysaccharide with TEMPO reagent

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Pablyana L.R.; Maciel, Jeanny S.; Paula, Regina C.M. de; Feitosa, Judith P.A. [Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica Organica e Inorganica; Sierakowski, Maria Rita [Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica]. E-mail: judith@dqoi.ufc.br

2007-07-01

Cashew gum (CG), an exudate polysaccharide from Anacardium occidentale trees, was oxidized with TEMPO reagent and the product (CGOX) characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and NMR), chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GPC), viscosity measurements and thermal analysis (TGA). The yield of the reaction product was 96%. The uronic acid content in starting gum (7.2 m%) was increased to 36 m%. The degree of oxidation based on free galactose and glucose units was 68%. NMR data show that oxidation occurred preferentially at primary carbons of galactose units. High degradation degree after oxidation was estimated by the difference on the expected and observed {eta}{sub CGOX}/{eta}{sub CG} ratio. The presence of organic and inorganic impurities in the new polyelectrolyte was detected by TGA. A less thermally stable cashew gum is formed after the oxidation with TEMPO based on initial decomposition temperature and IPDT. (author)

Antropología del poder (Anuario de Estudios Indígenas (VV.AA.

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Sergio Daniel López

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se puede afirmar que el estado mexicano de Chiapas es uno de los lugares más privilegiados, ricos y diversos para estudiar desde la disciplina antropológica el poder social. La variedad de culturas y lenguas encontradas dentro de fronteras comunes; las disputas centenarias sobre la legislación de las tierras; la mezcla de los modelos políticos occidentales que chocan o conviven con las organizaciones ejidales o los sistemas de cargos tradicionales; las revoluciones campesinas, la lucha por los derechos indígenas y el establecimiento de comunidades autónomas; el abuso, la corrupción y la apropiación del espacio político; la competencia religiosa por el liderazgo espiritual serían sólo algunos ejemplos de las temáticas que sirven como objeto de estudio disciplinar en esta fascinante región.

La protección social en una sociedad de semejantes

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Robert Castel

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Los cambios que durante las tres últimas décadas han afectado al estatuto del empleo y las protecciones, a él asociadas, han generado una creciente sensación de inseguridad en las sociedades occidentales. El profesor Castel, tomando como ejemplo el caso francés, examina este fenómeno proponiendo en primer lugar una distinción básica entre inseguridad civil e inseguridad social. Posteriormente se concentra en el segundo tipo de inseguridad y reflexiona sobre los cambios económicos y sociales que acarrea la presente preponderancia del "trabajo flexible". El artículo llama así la atención sobre los peligros de una visión unilateral y simplista de la sociedad y el Estado y sobre el papel determinante que juega la propiedad social en la construcción de una verdadera democracia.

Los orígenes caribeños del Sistema Nacional de Salud Pública en los EEUU: una aproximación global a la historia de la medicina y de la salud pública en Latinoamérica

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Mariola Espinosa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo define la historia global en relación con historia de la medicina y la salud pública. Defiende que una aproximación global a la historia abre un espacio para reverberaciones transmitidas desde la periferia geográfica hacia regiones occidentales, las cuales, tradicionalmente, han dominado la historiografía moderna. Analiza dos intervenciones médicas, en el Caribe, a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, y señala que estos sucesos tuvieron profundas consecuencias en los EEUU. Los logros alcanzados en el Caribe, en lo relativo al control de la fiebre amarilla y del anquilostoma, además de servir de modelo para campañas sanitarias en el sur de los EEUU, impulsaron la centralización de la salud pública norteamericana bajo el control centralizador del gobierno federal.

Identification and pest status of Holopothrips fulvus (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae on dwarf-cashew crops in northeastern Brazil

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Maria G.A. Lima

Full Text Available Abstract Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae, is one of the most important sources of agricultural income in northeastern Brazil, but many of the arthropods associated with the crop have yet to be identified. We describe here for the first time the damage caused by Holopothrips fulvus (Morgan (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae to dwarf-cashew trees cultivated in the municipality of Pacajús, Ceará, Brazil. Leaf tissue injuries were caused by the sucking mouthparts of the insect and were characterized by dark necrotic spots on the epidermis that resulted in yellowing, wilting and, ultimately, abscission of the leaves. H. fulvus also fed on developing kernels and pseudofruits producing injuries that manifested in the form of chlorotic specks. Additional information is given on the pest status and important aspects of the morphology of the insect, including sexual dimorphism, redescription of the adults and description of the second instar larvae.

The association between chromaticity, phenolics, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity of frozen fruit pulp in Brazil: an application of chemometrics.

Science.gov (United States)

Zielinski, Acácio Antonio Ferreira; Ávila, Suelen; Ito, Vivian; Nogueira, Alessandro; Wosiacki, Gilvan; Haminiuk, Charles Windson Isidoro

2014-04-01

A total of 19 Brazilian frozen pulps from the following fruits: açai (Euterpe oleracea), blackberry (Rubus sp.), cajá (Spondias mombin), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), coconut (Cocos nucifera), grape (Vitis sp.), graviola (Annona muricata), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), peach (Prunus persica), pineapple (Ananas comosus), pineapple and mint (A. comosus and Mentha spicata), red fruits (Rubus sp. and Fragaria sp.), seriguela (Spondias purpurea), strawberry (Fragaria sp.), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), umbu (Spondias tuberosa), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) were analyzed in terms of chromaticity, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Data were processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, which showed significant (P antioxidant activity. © 2014 Institute of Food Technologists®

Macrofungi in the lateritic scrub jungles of southwestern India

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A. A. Greeshma

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A pilot study on macrofungi in scrub jungles (with and without fire-impact in lateritic region of southwestern coast of India was carried out.  Out of 11 species in 10 genera recovered, six and five species were confined to scrub jungle and fire-impacted scrub jungle, respectively.  An ectomycorrhizal Amanita sp. was the most frequent in scrub jungle associated with exotic (Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium and plantation (Anacardium occidentale trees.  Based on traditional knowledge, it is a highly edible and nutritional delicacy in the coastal regions.  Astraeus odoratus was another common ectomycorrhizal fungus in native trees Hopea ponga, which was recovered from the fire-impacted scrub jungle and is possibly edible.  Edible termite mound mushroom Termitomyces striatus was also common in the fire-impacted scrub jungle.  Chlorophyllum molybdites was the most frequent mushroom in the fire-impacted scrub jungle.  

Exigencias educativas del modelo de investigación-Acción

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Isabel LÓPEZ GÓRRIZ

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Quisiera situar el tema encuadrándolo dentro de las exigencias de formación que las sociedades democráticas actuales plantean al hombre de hoy, al ciudadano y al profesional. En las sociedades actuales, industrializadas, occidentales, en donde nos encontramos unos sistemas sociopolíticos de democracias formales, al hombre de hoy se le presentan varios retos, que vienen como consecuencia de la evolución tecno-socio- económica de las mismas. La vertiginosa rapidez de los cambios socioeconómicos y tecnológicos, exigen del hombre una constante reactualización y readecuación de sus diferentes saberes (saber-ser, saber-hacer, saber-estar, saber-actuar..., actitudes y comportamientos, para poder adaptarse y moverse con cierta armonía en las nuevas estructuras y poder responder con competencia a las nuevas exigencias (profesionales, comportamentales, cívicas, etc..

Essential oils in the Ranunculaceae family: Chemical composition of fractions hydrodistilled from Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum seeds

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kokoška, L.; Urbanová, Klára; Klouček, P.; Nedorostová, L.; Polesná, L.; Malík, J.; Jiroš, Pavel; Havlík, J.; Vadlejch, J.; Valterová, Irena

2012-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 1 (2012), s. 151-161 ISSN 1612-1872 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA525/08/1179 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : monoterpenes * pinenes * fatty acids * chemotaxonomy Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 1.808, year: 2012

Introduction from the Editors

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José Ricardo Chaves

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Las conexiones entre la India y lo que llegaría a denominarse Occidente (Europa y América se remontan hasta los tiempos de Alejandro Magno, cuando en sus desplazamientos geográficos y militares llegaran sus tropas hasta aquellas tierras lejanas. Desde entonces a la fecha ha pasado mucho tiempo y, sin embargo, pese a lo mucho escrito sobre ella (sobre todo en los dos últimos siglos, así como a la industria del turismo y a los adelantos de los medios de comunicación, la India sigue manteniendo una buena carga de asombro y enigma para los occidentales, muchos de los cuales la siguen asociando sobre todo con la religión y el mito, no tanto con la historia y la filosofía, como muy bien lo ha señalado desde el ámbito filosófico Roger-Pol Droit en su libro L’oublide l’Inde. Une amnésie philosophique.

RIDEFINIZIONE DEL GENERE PRIONIOMUS JEANNEL, 1937 E DESCRIZIONE DI PRIONIOMUS CASSIOPAEUS N. SP. DELL’ISOLA DI KÉRKYRA (GRECIA, ISOLE IONIE (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE

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Maurizio Pavesi

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Corcyranillus abnormis (J. Sahlberg, 1900 e Prioniomus moczarskii Jeannel, 1937, specie tipo dei rispettivi generi, vengono studiati criticamente su materiale recentemente raccolto e comparati con altre specie inedite. In base a tale studio viene proposta la sinonimia tra i generi Corcyranillus Jeannel, 1937 e Prioniomus Jeannel, 1937, descritti nel medesimo lavoro; l’autore, quale Primo Revisore, seleziona Prioniomus come nome valido e gli assegna la priorità su Corcyranillus. Turkanillus Coiffait, 1956 (specie tipo T. strinatii Coiffait, 1956, dell’Anatolia nord-occidentale, viene ugualmente considerato sinonimo di Prioniomus. Viene ridefinito il genere Prioniomus, considerato sister group e vicariante orientale di Anillus Jacquelin du Val, 1851, e brevemente discussi i caratteri derivati presenti in ciascuno. Viene descritto Prioniomus cassiopaeus n. sp. dell’isola di Kérkyra. Vengono infine brevemente ridescritte le due specie di Prioniomus già conosciute di Kérkyra, con alcune note su località e habitat di rinvenimento, e considerazioni sulla distribuzione generale degli Anillina nell’isola.

Introducción: entre ladrillos y clics de ratón (bricks and clicks

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Agustí, Lluís

2002-03-01

Full Text Available El Instituto Cervantes es la institución pública destinada a promover la enseñanza y el estudio de la lengua y la cultura española en el exterior, contribuyendo así al desarrollo y difusión de las culturas de España e Hispanoamericana. Para este fin dispone, además de los servicios centrales en Madrid, de una red de más de treinta centros en el mundo que cuentan en común básicamente proponer cursos de lengua, actividades relacionadas con la cultura y el espectáculo, y un servicio bibliotecario estable. Nacido al mismo tiempo que el Instituto Camões, su homólogo portugués, el Instituto Cervantes toma como referencias y modelo otras experiencias culturales occidentales previas: las Alianzas y los Institutos franceses, el Instituto Británico, el Goethe o el Dante Alighieri.

Tela, piel, color: retratando los mercados de las Antillas como un inventario de la diversidad humana

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Anne Lafont

2016-07-01

Full Text Available La confrontación de las poblaciones heterogéneas y de razas mixtas en las Indias Occidentales con el material pictórico (lienzo y pigmentos y los sistemas de clasificación humana propios de la era de las ilustraciones de la Enciclopedia, demuestra ser un campo de investigación notablemente interesante en términos de raza y el proceso de racialización,. Sin embargo, hasta hoy, la idea de pintura caribeña de la modernidad temprana no se ha presentado como tal, y esto es precisamente lo que propongo estudiar en este artículo. En efecto, la pintura caribeña, a partir de la creatividad figurativa y sus raíces en la especificidad geográfica, política e histórica de este archipiélago racial y cultural, creó un inventario pictórico original de la diversidad humana.

Usos de la justicia y arbitraje de los conflictos en el Antiguo Régimen: experiencias en la Monarquía Hispánica

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Tomás Mantecón Movellán

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A partir del análisis de tratadística jurídica y política referida a la Monarquía Hispánica así como de la consideración de documentación manuscrita y estudios casuísticos, este artículo explica usos sociales de la justicia y los ámbitos de arbitraje de los conflictos en el Antiguo Régimen. De esta investigación se desprende una visión socialmente participada de la práctica de la justicia y de las formas de reconstrucción de la paz pública, lo que permite contemplar el fenómeno desde ángulos más amplios de lo que mostraría un enfoque desde la historia institucional o política. Se ofrecen nuevas perspectivas para analizar la revolución jurídica que conocieron las sociedades Occidentales en los siglos de la Edad Moderna.

SUL TERREMOTO PROFONDO DELLE ISOLE EOLIE DEL 23 NOVEMBRE 1954

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ANTONINO GIRLANDA

1955-06-01

Full Text Available È accertato che la zona del basso Tirreno, comprendente il gruppo
delle Eolie con l'isola di Ustica e parzialmente limitata dall'arco tracciato
dalla costa occidentale della Calabria e dalla costa settentrionale
della Sicilia, è anche sede di centri sismici profondi. Dagli studi microsismici
fino ad oggi eseguiti risulterebbe che tali centri, la cui profondità
è compresa tra 200 e 300 km., si dispongono lungo un arco
parallelo all'arco costituito dall'Appennino calabro-campano, cioè lungo
la fascia vulcanica attiva che comprende l'Etna, lo Stromboli ed
il Vesuvio.
Alcune caratteristiche della zona (vulcanismo attivo o recentemente
spento, notevoli profondità marine, anomalia isostatica positiva
la rendono, sotto certi aspetti, somigliante ad alcuni tratti dell'arco
circnm-pacifico, che, secondo l'elaborazione statistica di Gutenberg e
Richter (11, è sede del 90r/c ca. dei terremoti con profondità compresa
tra 60 e 300 km.

Para Além do Estado e do Mercado: A Dádiva no Fenômeno dos Sem-Abrigo

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João Aldeia

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Las reflexiones sobre el fenómeno de los sin techo tienden a reproducir las ausencias que el paradigma del don identifica en el pensamiento sobre las sociedades modernas occidentales. Recurrentemente, se considera al Estado y al mercado como las únicas esferas de regulación social y se los interpreta como los espacios de donde derivan las causas estructurales y las posibles soluciones para el fenómeno. Ello no permite una comprensión completa del tema y tampoco una reflexión consistente sobre los modos de minimizar las injusticias de la vida en la calle. Pensar sobre el fenómeno por medio del paradigma del don es relevante porque permite identificar la habitual invisibilización de las relaciones interpersonales no oficiales que caracterizan la vida en la calle, posibilitando, a su vez, la revalorización de estas interacciones en el debate sobre el fenómeno de los sin techo.

La violencia en centros educativos de Norteamérica y diferentes países de Europa. Medidas políticas tomadas para la convivencia escolar.

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Antonio García Correa

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los temas y fenómenos educativos que más preocupa a la política educativa de varios paísesoccidentales es la violencia, agresión y maltrato físico y psíquico que se producen en los centros escolares.Basta ver como cada día se investiga, publica y escribe más sobre este hecho.Tenemos que reconocer que los profesores e investigadores y la misma política educativa ha esta-do más preocupada por el rendimiento académico, fracaso escolar, que por la violencia escolar. Pero nosestamos dando cuenta que cada día hay menos analfabetos académicos pero más analfabetos emocionales,sociales y sentimentales.El autor nos ofrece en este trabajo un recorrido breve de la violencia escolar y medidas políticastomadas en países occidentales y los resultados obtenidos con estas medidas.

Historia y leyendas de la seda China : la ruta de la seda

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Esteban Llagostera Cuenca

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En la legendaria China, el cultivo del gusano de seda y la industria de la seda, así como las rutas comerciales con los países occidentales, se estableció desde el año 2460 a.C. hasta el siglo XIV, según una leyenda china. Su cultivo, fue uno de los secretos mejor guardados en la Historia (su divulgación se castigaba con la pena de muerte. La Ruta de la Seda, desde China hasta la costa de Siria, representó un gran itinerario comercial, así como un importante intercambio cultural.In legendary China, the grow of silkworm and the silk industry, as well as the trading route with western countries, was established from 2460 B.C. to XIV century, according to a Chinese legend. It was one of the best kept secrets in History (punished with death. The Silk Road from China to the coast of Syria, meant an important cultural exchange and a great commercial route.

Concepciones de la medicina oriental sobre el asma bronquial Concepts of the eastern medicine on the bronchial asthma

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Ileana Cutiño Clavel

Full Text Available Con el objetivo analizar los principios sobre los cuales se sustenta la medicina oriental para verificar la presencia del asma, se revisaron documentos específicos sobre la materia, donde se incluía la valoración acerca de si las alteraciones energéticas referidas fundamentan la existencia de manifestaciones respiratorias del asma bronquial, según las concepciones de la medicina occidental. Se encontraron puntos de contacto entre los criterios orientales y occidentales en cada una de las desarmonías energéticas.With the objective of analyzing the principles on which the eastern medicine is sustained to verify the presence of asthma, specific documents on the subject were reviewed, where the evaluation about whether the referred energy alterations support the existence of breathing manifestations of the bronchial asthma was included, according to the concepts of the western medicine. Contact points among the eastern and western approaches in each of the energetic disharmonies were found.

Familia y trabajo de la mujer

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Iglesias de Ussel, Julio

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Un interesante utopista del XIX, Fourier, formuló una acertada apreciación sobre la dinámica histórica. Vinculaba la evolución de la sociedad, directamente, a la situación de la mujer, al escribir que: «Los progresos sociales y los cambios de fases históricas se producen en razón del progreso de las mujeres hacia la libertad, y las decadencias de orden social se operan en función de la limitación de la libertad de las mujeres» («Théorie des Quatre mouvements» vol. 1.°, ed. Anthropos, Paris, 1966 pag. 130. Su juicio se adelantó a la historia y tardó en hacerse realidad. Pero si en el futuro merecemos la atención de los historiadores, sin duda el siglo XX será juzgado muy positivamente por el cambio de la situación de las mujeres en las sociedades desarrolladas occidentales. …

Aplicación de un modelo experimental de valoración económica del uso y manejo de la flora colombiana. Estudio de caso: Meliaceae y Anacardiaceae

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Nydia Johanna Muñoz Castaño

2006-07-01

(L. Sleumer (trompillo, Anacardium occidentale L. (marañón, Anacardium giganteum Hancock ex Engler (marañón gigante, Spondias mombin L. (hobo, Camnosperma panamense Standl. (sajo y Astronium graveolens Jacq. (diomate o quiebracha. El modelo y el indicador propuestos integran todos los tópicos que se consideraron partícipes del valor económico de las especies en dos grandes aspectos: el biológico y el biocultural y socioeconómico. El indicador produce un valor aproximado de la especie valorando los aspectos contemplados en el modelo a través de cinco componentes: valor actual de uso, valor actual de importancia cultural, valor actual de los productos y servicios, valor potencial de los productos y servicios y estatus de la información. Con su aplicación en el estudio de caso se determinó a Cedrela odorata como la especie más valiosa.

Interés por el gobierno y gobierno a través del interés: constitución de la naturaleza infantil

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Dora Lilia Marín-Díaz

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El  artículo  propone  una  lectura  histórica  de  la  forma como fue creada discursivamente la naturaleza infan-til.  Se señala  que fue a  través de la  invención y uso de nociones como desarrollo, interés, libertad, entre otras, que esa naturaleza infantil emergió y se plantea que tal intervención expresa la articulación de tres formas de practicar y pensar la vida en las sociedades occidentales –discursos liberales, discursos naturalistas y prácticas disciplinarias.  La  articulación  de  esos  tres  elementos aconteció durante lo que se conoce como Modernidad, momento en el que se organizaron formas de gobierno vinculadas a la idea de libertad. Palabras claveAprendizaje,  naturaleza  infantil,  gobierno.

La representación icónica y narrativa de la mujer en el cómic japonés masculino: el shounen manga y el horror manga

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Juan A. García Pacheco

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El cómic japonés (Manga es un importante medio de comunicación en su país de origen y, gracias su progresiva expansión internacional, en muchos países occidentales. Gran parte de los estudios de género realizados sobre el cómic japonés se han centrado en las obras dirigidas a una audiencia femenina. El presente artículo analiza un área menos abordada como es la representación de la mujer en el cómic japonés masculino, la cual es estudiada a través de dos métodos de análisis (iconográfico y narrativo en dos tipos de cómics bien definidos en sus características como son el cómic de acción y aventura para adolescentes masculinos (shounen manga y el cómic de terror (horror manga para el público adulto.

Determination of aflatoxins in medicinal plants by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Siddique, Nadeem A; Mujeeb, Mohd; Ahmad, Sayeed; Panda, Bibhu P; Makhmoor, Mohd

2013-01-01

The intention of the proposed work is to study the presence of the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in medicinal plants, namely Mucuna pruriens, Delphinium denudatum and Portulaca oleraceae. The aflatoxins were extracted, purified by immunoaffinity column chromatography and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (HPLC-MS/MS). Fungal count was carried out in PDA media. A good linear relationship was found for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 at 1-10 ppb (r>0.9995). The analyte accuracy under three different spiking levels was 86.7-108.1 %, with low per cent relative standard deviations in each case. The aflatoxins can be separated within 5 to7 min using an Agilent XDB C18-column. We found that AFB1 and AFB2 were in trace amounts below the detection limit in M. pruriens whilst they were not detected in D. denudatum. P. oleraceae was found to be contaminated with AFB1 and AFB2. AFG1 and AFG2 were not detected in M. pruriens, P. oleraceae and were below the detection limit in D. denudatum. This was consistent with very low numbers of fungal colonies observed after 6 hr of incubation. The analytical method developed is simple, precise, accurate, economical and can be effectively used to determine the aflatoxins in medicinal plants and therefore to control the quality of products. The aflatoxin levels in the plant extracts examined were related to the minimal fungal load in the medicinal plants examined.

Descentramiento de fuentes escritas occidentales: hipótesis desde el género y los procesos educativos.

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Suzy Bermúdez Q.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La escritura alfabética de origen judeocristiano, como cualquier otra herramienta de construcción y transmisión de conocimiento, forma parte de marcos socio-culturales y espacio-temporales específicos. En el caso de Occidente, por siglos, ha sido más utilizada en ámbitos masculinos hegemónicos. El artículo plantea que si bien los estudios feministas letrados, en disciplinas como la historia, han realizado invaluables aportes en la recuperación del ayer de las mujeres, es pertinente revisar las tecnologías a partir de las cuales se apoya su labor. Lo anterior, por cuanto tales tecnologías parecen estar tañidas por perspectivas androcéntricas y antropocéntricas. Argumenta igualmente que las fuentes no escritas no sólo son de importancia para las/os no letradas/os, sino para visibilizar, desde ópticas más femeninas y menos eurocéntricas, el cotidiano iletrado de los sectores hegemónicos.

Leggere i Classici in Oriente. Il mito della letteratura occidentale in Dai Sijie, Murakami Haruki, Azar Nafisi

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Niccolò Scaffai

2011-11-01

Full Text Available This study focuses on three recent literary works (fiction and non-fiction novels written by authors of Asiatic origins: the French-speaking Chinese writer, Dai Sijie, the Iranian professor, Azar Nafisi, and the Japanese writer, Murakami Haruki. In the titles of these international bestsellers (Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, Reading Lolita in Tehran, and Kafka on the Shore, we find an oxymoron: the name of a famous, canonical Western writer or character is used in an unusual context, linked to the geography of the near or far East. The consequent effect of estrangement can restore strength to literature, perhaps with greater determination than is possible in Western cultures. By using (and reversing the coordinates of Edward Said’s idea of Orientalism and, as in Kafka on the Shore, certain concepts of the Lacanian theory, this study analyzes the transfer of the European literary myths towards Eastern cultures.

L'industrie photovoltaïque en Suisse occidentale : l’émergence d’un milieu valorisateur multi-local

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Livi, Christian; Jeannerat, Hugues; Crevoisier, Olivier

2013-01-01

Développée à partir des années 1980, différents modèles territoriaux d’innovation ont mis en perspective comment certains systèmes de production régionaux se développent à partir de dynamiques d’innovation et d’apprentissage propres à certains milieu locaux. Ces modèles reflètent une globalisation économique caractérisée par une mobilité accrue des biens et services mais limitée des facteurs de production à la base de l’innovation telle que la connaissance et le capital de développement. Cet ...

Intoxicações por plantas em ruminantes e equídeos no Sertão Paraibano Plant poisonings in ruminants and equidae in the Sertão of Paraiba, Brazil

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Tales S. Assis

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um levantamento das intoxicações por plantas em 20 municípios do Sertão Paraibano, onde foram entrevistados 50 produtores e 11 médicos veterinários. De acordo com o levantamento realizado, Ipomoea asarifolia e Mascagnia rigida são as intoxicações mais importantes. Indigofera suffruticosa, as plantas cianogênicas (Sorghum vulgare, Piptadenia macrocarpa e Manihot spp., Mimosa tenuiflora, Aspidosperma pyrifolium e Crotalaria retusa são plantas importantes como causa de intoxicações na região. Os entrevistados relataram casos esporádicos de intoxicação por Ricinus communis, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Prosopis juliflorae Brachiaria decumbens. Ziziphus joazeiro, Passiflora sp., Caesalpina ferrea e Crescentia cujete foram mencionadas como causa de abortos em ruminantes. Frutos de Crescentia cujete foram administrados a duas cabras prenhes causando mortalidade perinatal e abortos. As cascas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris e Vigna unguiculata e as folhas de Licania rigida (oiticica são associadas à sobrecarga ruminal em bovinos. As frutas de Mangifera indica (mangae Anacardium occidentale (cajú são responsabilizadas por causarem intoxicação etílica. Dalechampia sp. e Croton sp. foram citadas pelos entrevistados como possíveis plantas tóxicas, que ainda não tiveram sua toxicidade comprovada.A survey of plant poisoning in ruminants and equidae was conducted in 20 municipalities of the semiarid region of the Sertão Paraibano. Fifty farmers and 11 veterinary practitioners were interviewed. Ipomoea asarifolia and Mascagnia rigida are the most important poisonous plants in the region. Indigofera suffruticosa, the cianogenic plants (Sorghum vulgare, Piptadenia macrocarpa, and Manihot spp., Mimosa tenuiflora, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Crotalaria retusa cause also important intoxications in the area. Sporadic outbreaks of poisonings by Ricinus communis, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Prosopis juliflora and Brachiaria

Heterose em cajueiro anão precoce Heterosis in precocious dwarf cashew

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José Jaime Vasconcelos Cavalcanti

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a heterose no cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L. anão precoce. O experimento foi composto por seis clones parentais (CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, C1P3 e P399E e 18 combinações híbridas. Utilizou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados, com duas repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. A heterose média foi de 12,09%, 19,38%, 98,01%, 96,97% e -2,11%, respectivamente, para altura da planta, diâmetro da copa, número de castanha por planta, produtividade de castanha e peso médio de castanha, indicando presença de vigor híbrido nos cruzamentos, para todos os caracteres, exceto para peso médio de castanha, demonstrando a importância de sua exploração, com perspectivas de avanços genéticos sobre caracteres da cultura do caju. A conseqüência seria a obtenção de clones comerciais com características de produção desejáveis e a formação de populações-base para o programa de melhoramento populacional. Os híbridos CCP 06 x C1P3, CCP 09 x P399E e CCP 09 x CCP 06 são os mais promissores.The objective of this work was to evaluate the heterosis in dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.. The experiment had six parent clones (CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, C1P3, and P399E and 18 hybrid plants. A randomized complete block experimental design with two replications and five plants per plot was used. The average heterosis was 12%, 19%, 98%, 97%, and -2%, for the parent clones, based on the traits plant height, canopy diameter, number of nuts per plant, nut yield, and nut weight. It should be pointed out the presence of hybrid vigor in all crosses for all traits, except nut weight. This stresses the importance of hybrid vigor exploration, with perspectives of significant genetic improvement of the cashew culture, by obtaining superior commercial clones and establishing base-populations for the population breeding program. The hybrid combinations CCP 06 x C1P3, CCP 09 x P399E

Influência de porta-enxertos na resistência de mudas de cajueiro ao estresse salino Influence of rootstocks on the resistance of cashew plantlets to salt stress

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Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de porta-enxertos na resistência de mudas de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L. à salinidade. As mudas foram obtidas pela enxertia do clone BRS 226 sobre os porta-enxertos CAPI 4, CCP 09 e BRS 226. Foram expostas a meio hidropônico sem NaCl (controle ou com NaCl 200 mM (tratamento salino, sob condições controladas de temperatura, umidade e luminosidade, durante 12 dias. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2 (três combinações de enxerto/porta-enxerto e duas concentrações de NaCl, com quatro repetições. Foram determinados a concentração de Na+, Cl-, K+ e solutos orgânicos e os sintomas visuais de toxicidade nas folhas. Os conteúdos de Na+ e Cl-, a relação K+/Na+ e as concentrações de aminoácidos e de prolina livres nas folhas tiveram relação direta com os sintomas visuais de toxicidade. Os porta-enxertos CAPI 4, CCP 09 e BRS 226 foram classificados como sensível, intermediário e resistente à salinidade elevada, respectivamente. Essa variação foi decorrente da influência do porta-enxerto na partição do Na+ e do Cl-.The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. rootstocks on salt resistance in grafted plantlets. The plantlets were obtained by grafting the BRS 226 scion on CAPI 4, CCP 09 and BRS 226 rootstocks, and were exposed to nutrient solution without NaCl (control or with 200 mM NaCl (salt treatment in hydroponics under controlled temperature, humidity, and luminosity conditions during 12 days. The experimental design was a completely randomized in factorial arrangement 3x2 (three scion/rootstock combinations, two NaCl concentrations with four replicates. Na+, Cl-, K+ and organic solute concentrations and toxicity symptoms on leaves were determined. Na+ and Cl- contents, the K+/Na+ ratio and the free amino acid and proline concentrations in leaves were directly related to the visual

Aspectos florísticos da vegetação de restinga no litoral de Pernambuco Floristics aspects of restinga vegetation in the coast of Pernambuco - Brazil

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Ana Cláudia Sacramento

2007-12-01

Full Text Available As zonas costeiras acolhem quadros de alta riqueza e relevância ecológica que as qualificam como importante ecossistema para conservação. O objetivo deste estudo foi listar as espécies que compõem a restinga da praia do Paiva e descrever a sua fisionomia. A área de restinga compreende 147 ha, situa-se no Município do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, sob as coordenadas 08º07'30"S e 35º00'55"W. As coletas florísticas foram realizadas durante 28 meses, em todos os estratos. O solo foi classificado como Neossolo Quartzarênico; foram determinadas duas fisionomias: a floresta não-inundável e o fruticeto aberto não-inundável. Foram listadas 124 espécies, distribuídas em 103 gêneros e 55 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Myrtaceae, com 11 espécies, Cyperaceae (10, Fabaceae (8, Euphorbiaceae (7, Rubiaceae (6 e Asteraceae (5. As espécies Anacardium occidentale, Tapirira guianensis, Chamaecrista ramosa, Protium heptaphyllum, Byrsonima sericea, Myrcia rotundifolia e Marlierea schotti são encontradas na maioria das restingas do Nordeste. No entanto, devido à incipiência dos estudos na Região não foram verificadas espécies endêmicas.The high biodiversity and richness of the coastal zone make it an important ecosystem to be preserved. The aim of this study is to list the species composition of the restinga area (147 ha. of Paiva beach, in Cabo de Santo Agostinho-Pernambuco (08º07'30"S and 35º00'55"W and describe the physiognomies. Floristic survey was carried out for 28 months for all strata. The soil was classified as Quartzarenic Neosoil and two physiognomies were determined: unflooded forest and unflooded open shrubby vegetation. One hundred-twenty-four species were recorded, distributed in 103 genera and 55 families. The families with the highest number of species were: Myrtaceae (11, Cyperaceae (10, Fabaceae (8, Euphorbiaceae (7, Rubiaceae (6 and Asteraceae (5. Anacardium occidentale, Byrsonima sericea

Tectono-Sedimentary and magmatic evolution of the Upper Visean basins of Azrou-Khénifra and eastern Jebilet (Moroccan Meseta

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Soulaimani, A.

2008-12-01

Full Text Available During Upper Visean times, the eastern mesetian basins of eastern Jebilet and Azrou Khenifra show great tectono-sedimentary and magmatic evolution similarities. Their deposits record large instabilities and disorganization with huge thickness and lithological variations, related to a synsedimentary tectonic context. At the same time, tilted block tectonics affect the basement of these basins, controlled by bordering transfert faults. Basic dominant magmatic bodies set up in these basins. Their continental alkaline chemical characteristics are consistent with the regional geodynamic context in this area. Initiated along the transitional zone between eastern and western Meseta, the Azrou-Khenifra and Jebilet basins correspond to intracontinental throws, initiated on and controlled by major strike-slip faults. Their evolution is most likely earlier in time and of a weak opening rate than the neighboring western Meseta basins.Au Viséen supérieur, les bassins mesetiens des Jebilet orientales et d’Azrou Khénifra montrent de grandes similitudes de leur évolution tectono-sédimentaire et magmatiques. Leurs dépôts enregistrent de grandes instabilités liées à une tectonique syn-sédimentaire responsable localement d’une intense désorganisation et de grandes variations de faciès et d’épaisseurs. Ces instabilités sont engendrées par une tectonique en blocs basculés qui affecte le substratum anté-Viséen, contrôlée par des accidents bordiers sub-verticaux à forte composante transcurrente. Des corps magmatiques, pour l’essentiel basiques, se mettent en place dans ces bassins. Ils présentent des caractères chimiques des séries magmatiques alcalines mise en place dans un contexte intracontinental et anorogénique. Initiés le long de la zone de transition entre la Meseta orientale et occidentale, les bassins d’Azrou-Khénifra et des Jebilet orientales correspondent à des sillons intracontinentaux, initi

Mangiare alla greca a Spina. Vasi, ricette e culture nel Mediterraneo occidentale tra VI e III secolo BCE

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Lorenzo Zamboni

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Cooking is the vital process of rendering potential foodstuffs edible, accessible and appropriate both in biological and in socio-cultural terms. Despite being too long neglected in archaeological studies, the food production processes have left remains that make up a very large part of the archaeological record. The aim of this paper is to outline a scenario of the Greek-style cooking vessels found along the western Mediterranean coasts between the Archaic and the Hellenistic period, namely within the main Etruscan and Greek ports of trade and wrecks, in order to highlight the cultural impact and the developments of this crucial aspect in the cultural and social life. The main objects of the research is a particular cooking ware produced in Greece between the sixth century BCE and the Romanization, widespread all around the Mediterranean sea, consisting of handy and refractory vessels (named for example chytra, kakkabe, lopas, thyeia etc.. The case-study is the Adriatic hub of Spina (near Comacchio, Ferrara, founded by the Etruscans at the end of the 6th century BCE, and one of the main economic partners of Athens during the 5th until the middle 4th BCE. Ongoing multidisciplinary projects are trying to return the complex interaction between the local (i.e ‘etruscan’ culinary habits and the Greek culture, in terms of availability, preferences, economic choices, trough the adoption of multiple investigation methodologies including archaeology, archaeometry, archaeozoology, archaeobotany, biochemistry.

Impact of temperature on performance in two species of South African dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum and B. occidentale.

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Segall, Marion; Tolley, Krystal A; Vanhooydonck, Bieke; Measey, G John; Herrel, Anthony

2013-10-15

Temperature is an extrinsic factor that influences reptile behavior because of its impact on reptile physiology. Understanding the impact of temperature on performance traits is important as it may affect the ecology and fitness of ectothermic animals such as reptiles. Here, we examined the temperature dependence of performance in two species of South African dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion): one adapted to a semi-arid environment and one to a mesic environment. Ecologically relevant performance traits were tested at different temperatures to evaluate their thermal dependence, and temperature-performance breadths for 80% and 90% of each performance trait were calculated. Our results show distinct differences in the thermal dependence of speed- versus force-related performance traits. Moreover, our results show that the semi-arid species is better adapted to higher temperatures and as such has a better chance of coping with the predicted increases in environmental temperature. The mesic area-adapted species seems to be more sensitive to an increase in temperature and could therefore potentially be threatened by the predicted future climate change. However, further studies investigating the potential for acclimation in chameleons are needed to better understand how animals may respond to future climate change.

ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.: PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA APLICADA À TECNOLOGIA DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS EM PRODUTOS ALIMENTÍCIOS

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Barretto, Lília; Freitas, Suely Pereira; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Moreira, Jane; Silva, Gabriel; Brito, Leidiane

2014-01-01

O agronegócio mundial do caju movimenta cerca de 2,4 bilhões de dólares por ano. No Brasil, a região Nordeste responde por mais de 95% da produção, com divisas na ordem de 220 milhões de dólares anuais. Apesar da importância desta atividade agroindustrial, observa-se que o seu potencial econômico permanece pouco explorado, principalmente com relação ao aproveitamento do pedúnculo. Além de rico em nutrientes, o caju é uma importante fonte de compostos bioativos, os quais podem ser usados na el...

CARACTERIZAÇÃO E ARMAZENAMENTO DE FARINHAS OBTIDAS A PARTIR DO RESÍDUO DE CAJU (Anacardium occidentale L.

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João Antonio Belmino dos Santos

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor de frutas, com uma produção que superou 44 milhões de toneladas no ano de 2007, e com a indiscutível necessidade do aumento da produção de frutas e ampliar as exportações, torna-se imprescindível reduzir as perdas que ocorrem em toda cadeia produtiva. Além do desperdício, existe a crescente preocupação com o descarte, uma vez que pode levar a problemas ambientais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir farinhas a partir de resíduos de caju por secagem em secador de circulação de ar forçado. A secagem foi realizada nas temperaturas de 50°C e 60°C. Foram avaliadas as alterações físico-químicas das farinhas após a secagem. Foi analisada a estabilidade das farinhas no armazenamento. O teor de umidade das farinhas atendeu os padrões exigidos pela legislação vigente. Verificou-se teor inicial de Vitamina C de 50,3mg/100g na farinha produzida pela secagem na temperatura de 50°C e de 47,7mg/100g em 60°C. No fim do armazenamento o teor de Vitamina C foi de 20,5mg/100g na farinha produzida pela secagem na temperatura de 50°C e de 15,1mg/100g em 60°C. As farinhas mostraram características, como o teor de Vitamina C, adequadas para o aproveitamento, portanto, para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos.

Emplazamiento hacia el ENE del manto de Los Reales (Alpujarrides occidentales: criterios estructurales y de petrofábrica

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Tubía, J. M.

1984-08-01

Full Text Available Los Reales nappe rests over Ojén nappe to the North of Sierra Alpujata. The nappe contact zone shows a intense plastic deformation with mylonitic rocks, The deformation decreases progressively going away from the contacto The structural study of footwall and hangingwall roen permits to attribute this deformation to the Los Reales nappe emplacement over that of Ojén. The foliation and stretching lineation distributions show a WSW-ENE shear direction. The mylonite microstructural characteristics and the enstatite crystalline preferred orientations in the basal peridotites give a mear sense in according that, Los Reales nappe is displaced, in their present position, from the WSW towards the ENE.

El manto de Los Reales descansa sobre el manto de Ojén, al norte de Sierra Alpujata. La zona de contacto entre mantos exhibe una intensa deformación plástica con rocas miloníticas; la deformación disminuye progresivamente al alejarse del contacto. El estudio estructural de las rocas infra y suprayacentes al contacto permite atribuir esta deformación al emplazamiento del manto de Los Reales sobre el de Ojén. , Las distribuciones de la foliación y de la lineación, de estiramiento indican una dirección de cizallamiento WSW-ENE. Las características microestructurales de las milonitas y las orientaciones preferentes cristalinas de la enstatita en las peridotitas basales proporcionan un sentido de cizallamiento tal que el manto de Los Reales se ha desplazado, en su posición actual, desde el WSW hacia el ENE.

Comparative floral spur anatomy and nectar secretion in four representatives of Ranunculaceae.

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Antoń, Sebastian; Kamińska, Magdalena

2015-11-01

Nectaries are common in Ranunculaceae. These secretory structures, however, have not been studied in detail despite their importance in plant-animal interactions, and data relating to the structure of nectary spurs, which are so characteristic of several genera of this family, remain scarce. In order to redress this imbalance, we sought, in the present paper, to analyze the anatomical and ultrastructural organization of the nectary spurs of four representatives of Ranunculaceae, i.e., Aconitum lycoctonum L., Aquilegia vulgaris L., Consolida regalis Gray, and Delphinium elatum L. Nectary spurs were examined using light, fluorescence, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The floral nectaries of A. lycoctonum and A. vulgaris are situated at the apices of the spurs, whereas in C. regalis and D. elatum, the nectary is located along the floor surface of the spurs. Nectar in C. regalis and D. elatum is exuded through micro-channels in the cuticle, whereas in A. lycoctonum and A. vulgaris, it is released by means of cell wall disruption, indicating that the method of nectar secretion here is holocrine. Structurally, the nectary of all four investigated species is quite similar, and its cells are typical of nectar-producing cells described in the literature. It is proposed that in A. lycoctonum and A. vulgaris, disruption of the cell wall and the release of the entire cell contents into the spur cavity contribute to the composition of the nectar that the latter contains, enriching it with cytoplasmic components. We conclude that the manner of nectar exudation may vary considerably between closely related plant species, regardless of their geographical origin and phylogeny.

Thermochemical Properties of Hydrophilic Polymers from Cashew and Khaya Exudates and Their Implications on Drug Delivery

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Emmanuel O. Olorunsola

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Characterization of a polymer is essential for determining its suitability for a particular purpose. Thermochemical properties of cashew gum (CSG extracted from exudates of Anacardium occidentale L. and khaya gum (KYG extracted from exudates of Khaya senegalensis were determined and compared with those of acacia gum BP (ACG. The polymers were subjected to different thermal and chemical analyses. Exudates of CSG contained higher amount of hydrophilic polymer. The pH of 2% w/v gum dispersions was in the order KYG < CSG < ACG. Calcium was the predominant ion in CSG while potassium was predominant in KYG. The FTIR spectra of CSG and KYG were similar and slightly different from that of ACG. Acacia and khaya gums exhibited the same thermal behaviour which is different from that of CSG. X-ray diffraction revealed that the three gums are the same type of polymer, the major difference being the concentration of metal ions. This work suggests the application of cashew gum for formulation of basic and oxidizable drugs while using khaya gum for acidic drugs.

Semen, óvulos y úteros nómadas. Representaciones sobre mujer, maternidad y nuevas técnicas de reproducción asistida

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Mercedes de Grado González

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A pesar de los cambios políticos, socio-económicos y demográficos habidos en los países occidentales en las últimas décadas, las estructuras simbólicas y los imaginarios colectivos en torno a las mujeres, su función social y la maternidad no han cambiado tanto. El orden patriarcal hoy en Occidente se configura como un patriarcado de consentimiento. En dicha estructura social la retórica ideológica representa la maternidad como una elección. Sin embargo, a través de los universos simbólicos que ofrecen los medios de comunicación de masas, la maternidad sigue perfilándose como un mandato imperativo para la construcción de la identidad femenina. En este estudio vamos a tomar como ejemplo la película Madre de alquiler, representación fílmica sobre la maternidad y las técnicas de reproducción asistida que refrenda el mandato patriarcal de la maternidad.

Jean Francheteau (1943-2010)

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Sclater, John; Le Pichon, Xavier

2010-12-01

Jean Francheteau, pioneering marine geologist and geophysicist, AGU Fellow, and emeritus professor at the University of Brest (Université de Bretagne Occidentale), died on 21 July in St-Renan, Brittany, France, at the age of 67 after a long illness. With his passing, the field of Earth sciences lost a major contributor to the development of a definitive theory of plate tectonics and one of the first to make visual geological observations on the deep seafloor. Such scientific accomplishments, coupled with his personal charm and the ability to collaborate with researchers from many institutions, ensured that he had a huge influence not only on the world of research but also on teaching and the application of ethics to science. Jean arrived at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., in 1966 after obtaining a diploma in mining engineering at the prestigious Éole Nationale Supérieure de la Métallurgie et de l'Industrie des Mines in Nancy, France. He chose Victor Vacquier as his thesis supervisor and began working in Vic's lab with John Sclater, ostensibly on heat flow measurements.

VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA DOS TANINOS DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS DE OCORRÊNCIA NO SEMI-ÁRIDO BRASILEIRO NO CURTIMENTO DE PELES

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Juarez Benigno Paes

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Vegetable tannins are found in several forest species. Actually, the Northeast Brazilian tanners have, on Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, their only source of vegetable tannins. This study aimed to evaluate the tanning capacity of tannins extracted from four vegetable species of Brazilian Semi-arid region, seeking to make possible the diversification of species to be used in tannings in the region. Thus, physical and mechanical characteristics of bovid treated skins with extract tannic of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Anacardium occidentale, Mimosa tenuiflora and Mimosa arenosa were analyzed. The bovid skins were tanned with extracted tannins of those species and compared to tanned skins by tannins of Acacia mearnsii (“Seta Natur” commercial tannin. The samples of tanned skins were submitted to tension, lengthening and progressive tear resistance tests. Good results were verified to tanned skins by Mimosa tenuiflora and Mimosa arenosa. Due to the abundance of these species in Brazilian Semi-arid region, they showed potential to exploration of tannins. However, researches are necessaries to indicate the best forms of application of obtained tannins.

Vicia vulcanorum (Fabaceae a new species from the island of Lanzarote (Canary Islands

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Morales-Mateos, J. B.

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Vicia vulcanorum J. Gil & M. L. Gil (Fabaceae, a new species of subg. Cracca (Dumort. Peterm., sect. Cracca Dumort. is described and illustrated from the island of Lanzarote, Canary Islands, north-west of Africa. It is related to and compared with Vicia cirrhosa C. Sm. ex Webb & Berthel. and Vicia filicaulis Webb & Berthel., two endemic species from the western and central group of the Canary Islands, and Vicia ferreirensis Goyder, an endemic species from Porto Santo Island, Madeira Archipelago.Se describe e ilustra Vicia vulcanorum J. Gil & M. L. Gil (Fabaceae, una nueva especie y endemismo de la isla de Lanzarote, Islas Canarias, perteneciente al subg. Cracca (Dumort. Peterm., sect. Cracca Dumort. Se encuentra relacionada y es comparada con Vicia cirrhosa C. Sm. ex Webb & Berthel. y Vicia filicaulis Webb & Berthel., especies endémicas de las islas centrales y occidentales del archipiélago canario, y con Vicia ferreirensis Goyder, especie endémica de la isla de Porto Santo, en el archipiélago de Madeira.

Tracking cashew economically important diseases in the West African region using metagenomics

Science.gov (United States)

Monteiro, Filipa; Romeiras, Maria M.; Figueiredo, Andreia; Sebastiana, Mónica; Baldé, Aladje; Catarino, Luís; Batista, Dora

2015-01-01

During the last decades, agricultural land-uses in West Africa were marked by dramatic shifts in the coverage of individual crops. Nowadays, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the most export-oriented horticulture crops, notably in Guinea-Bissau. Relying heavily on agriculture to increase their income, developing countries have been following a strong trend of moving on from traditional farming systems toward commercial production. Emerging infectious diseases, driven either by adaptation to local conditions or inadvertent importation of plant pathogens, are able to cause tremendous cashew production losses, with economic and social impact of which, in developing countries is often underestimated. Presently, plant genomics with metagenomics as an emergent tool, presents an enormous potential to better characterize diseases by providing extensive knowledge on plant pathogens at a large scale. In this perspective, we address metagenomics as a promising genomic tool to identify cashew fungal associated diseases as well as to discriminate the causal pathogens, aiming at obtaining tools to help design effective strategies for disease control and thus promote the sustainable production of cashew in West African Region. PMID:26175748

¿Qué nos hace ser individuos? Por un enfoque post-humano, pragmático y relacional

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Oriana Bernasconi Ramirez

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La crisis de la idea de sociedad y el giro hacia el individuo como unidad clave de problematización de las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas, de por sí eminentemente individualistas e individualizadoras, han instalado la investigación sobre los individuos y las subjetividades en el centro de las ciencias sociales. Con el interés de contribuir al desarrollo de las herramientas teórico-metodológicas de este campo, en este artículo expongo un enfoque post-antropocéntrico, relacional y pragmático para la investigación de individuos, basado en indagaciones etnográficas multi-situadas y sustentado sobre principios provenientes de sensibilidades post-constructivistas y post-sociales. Como consecuencia de los giros que esta perspectiva comporta con respecto a las aproximaciones convencionales, introduce nuevos ejes de problematización en este campo, contribuyendo a su necesaria complejización. Ilustro mi propuesta con material proveniente de una investigación sobre el individuo emprendedor en Santiago de Chile.

Urbanización y migración entre ciudades, 1995-2000. Un análisis multinivel

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Enrique Pérez Campuzano

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años del siglo XX se presentó en muchos países una tendencia a la desconcentración de la población urbana. Aunque con ritmos diferentes, la pauta de crecimiento de las grandes ciudades disminuyó en la mayoría de los países occidentales durante las décadas anteriores. Se ha elaborado la hipótesis de que el sistema urbano de México pasa por la fase denominada "reversión de la polaridad". Ésta se caracteriza por un menor ritmo de crecimiento de las grandes metrópolis y la emergencia de nuevas ciudades. Para entender este proceso se hace necesario conocer qué es lo que sucede con la migración interna en México. Así, en este artículo se realiza un ejercicio de regresión multinivel para explorar los factores más importantes en la determinación de la probabilidad de migrar entre zonas metropolitanas.

La cultura skate en las sociedades contemporáneas: una aproximación etnográfica a la ciudad de Madrid

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Israel Márquez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo propone un acercamiento al fenómeno del skate en la ciudad de Madrid a partir de un estudio etnográfico multisituado en el que se combina investigación online y offline. A partir de esta metodología, ofrecemos una interpretación de algunas de las principales características que presenta la cultura skate en nuestra sociedad, particularmente en la ciudad de Madrid, poniendo énfasis en los aspectos más intersubjetivos y culturales de esta realidad. La práctica del skate en Madrid ha experimentado un visible incremento en los últimos años y el marco analítico que proponemos para el estudio de su difusión y generalización responde a cambios en el orden cultural de las sociedad occidentales y de la propia cultura skate, en dinámica interdependencia con la esfera económica, como orden de producción y distribución de servicios y productos culturales y deportivos.

«De le soe desfortune e de tute le soe prosperitade ne fece doy libri»: un «Apollonio di Tiro» ritrovato

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Luca Sacchi

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Un manoscritto del XV secolo oggi conservato alla Rare Book and Manuscript Library presso la Pennsylvania State University di Philadelphia conserva un volgarizzamento acefalo fin qui inedito della Historia Apollonii regis Tyri di area italiana nord-occidentale. L’edizione critica del testo è preceduta da un breve profilo della traduzione, particolarmente fedele alla fonte latina anche nei dettagli in genere modificati dagli autori medievali, e da un esame linguistico che mette in evidenza sia la prevalenza dei tratti di koinè italiana settentrionale sia gli indizi di una provenienza piemontese.A manuscript owned today by the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the Pennsylvania State University in Philadelphia contains, among other texts, an acephalous vernacularization of the Historia Apollonii regis Tyri from north-west Italy till now unpublished. The critical edition is introduced by a brief outline of the translation, particularly accurate even in details normally modified by medieval authors, and a linguistic study which points out the predominance of features belonging to the north-italian koine as well as some clues of a Piedmontese origin.

Il tempo come materiale da costruzione. Il museo delle collezioni reali sulla Cornisa di Madrid / Time as a Construction Material. The Museum of the Royal Collections on Madrid's Cornisa

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Emilio Tuñón

2016-01-01

Full Text Available L’autore stesso dell’opera racconta nell’articolo il lungo percorso temporale che hanno attraversato per giungere alla realizzazione del Museo delle Collezioni Reali, che si estende sul bordo occidentale della città antica monumentale. Da un lato la scelta materico costruttiva, la ripetizione dei portali in cemento bianco, così influenzata dal contesto e dalle sue complesse stratificazioni storiche, e dall’altro la scelta tipologica, strettamente condizionata dalle necessità espositive della contemporaneità, sono declinazioni diverse di un tempo riletto come materiale del progetto. / In this article, the selfsame creator of the work tells of the long timeframe necessary to create the Museum of the Royal Collections, which stretches along the western edge of the ancient monumental city. On the one hand, the choice of construction materials, the repetition of portals in white concrete, so influenced by the context and its complex historical stratifications, and on the other the choice of the type, strictly conditioned by contemporary exhibition needs, are different variations of Time reinterpreted as design material.

Saberes e interculturalidad: Dilemas y aprendizajes en una experiencia con afrodescendientes colombianas

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María Irene Victoria-Morales

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo describe los resultados de la investigación: Diálogos afrocéntricos y occidentales en el entrenamiento de terapeutas comunitarios, que se desarrolló en 2013 con una metodología de acción participativa. El propósito del estudio fue analizar cómo un grupo de mujeres colombianas afrodescendientes, desplazadas de la Costa Pacífica en la ciudad de Cali, construyeron sentido en un encuentro pedagógico con un grupo de estudiantes estadounidenses del programa de terapia familiar de la universidad Lewis & Clark, en Portland, Oregon. Los resultados examinan los siguientes temas: el proceso de las mujeres de construcción colectiva de sentido sobre sus saberes como prácticas de resistencia; el significado crítico, nuevo y emergente de las prácticas culturales como una posibilidad de reconfigurar la identidad colectiva; la reconstrucción del tejido social; y el fortalecimiento de las eficacias simbólicas al trabajar terapéuticamente con familias.

La organización germinal

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Xavier Soca Filella

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Las vicisitudes de estos últimos años en las economías occidentales, y sobre todo en las del arco mediterráneo, han sumido las empresas en un profundo callejón sin salida, dónde tras efectuar reducciones drásticas en sus estructuras ahora ven mermadas sus posibilidades de crecimiento. Surge el interrogante de qué tipo de crecimiento perseguimos y qué organización precisamos para conseguirlo. Vislumbramos a partir de lo acaecido en los últimos dos lustros que las organizaciones preferirán moverse dentro de unos patrones de crecimientos sostenibles, en lugar de las alocadas carreras de inicios de siglo. Este crecimiento sostenible comportará decidir que formas de organización permitirán gestionar mejor este crecimiento. Dentro del abanico de las posibilidades, planteo un tipo de organización en constante cambio que facilite la adaptación a los diversos tipos de mercados que puedan ir surgiendo en el futuro: LA ORGANIZACIÓN GERMINAL.

Vasorelaxation induced by common edible tropical plant extracts in isolated rat aorta and mesenteric vascular bed.

Science.gov (United States)

Runnie, I; Salleh, M N; Mohamed, S; Head, R J; Abeywardena, M Y

2004-06-01

In this study, the vasodilatory actions of nine edible tropical plant extracts were investigated. Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato leaf), Piper betle (betel leaf), Anacardium occidentale (cashew leaf), Gynandropsis gynandra (maman leaf), Carica papaya (papaya leaf), and Mentha arvensis (mint leaf) extracts exhibited more than 50% relaxing effect on aortic ring preparations, while Piper betle and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass stalk) showed comparable vasorelaxation on isolated perfused mesenteric artery preparation. The vascular effect on the aortic ring preparations were mainly endothelium-dependent, and mediated by nitric oxide (NO) as supported by the inhibition of action in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (NOLA), an nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, or by the removal of endothelium. In contrast, vasodilatory actions in resistance vessels (perfused mesenteric vascular beds) appear to involve several biochemical mediators, including NO, prostanoids, and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities varied among different extracts and found to be independent of vascular relaxation effects. This study demonstrates that many edible plants common in Asian diets to possess potential health benefits, affording protection at the vascular endothelium level.

Tracking cashew economically important diseases in the West African region using metagenomics

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Filipa eMonteiro

2015-06-01

Full Text Available During the last decades, agricultural land-uses in West Africa were marked by dramatic shifts in the coverage of individual crops. Nowadays, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. is one of the most export-oriented horticulture crops, notably in Guinea-Bissau. Relying heavily on agriculture to increase their income, developing countries have been following a strong trend of moving on from traditional farming systems towards commercial production. Emerging infectious diseases, driven either by adaptation to local conditions or inadvertent importation of plant pathogens, are able to cause tremendous cashew production losses, with economic and social impact of which, in developing countries is often underestimated. Presently, plant genomics with metagenomics as an emergent tool, presents an enormous potential to better characterize diseases by providing extensive knowledge on plant pathogens at a large scale. In this perspective, we address metagenomics as a promising genomic tool to identify cashew fungal associated diseases as well as to discriminate the causal pathogens, aiming at obtaining tools to help design effective strategies for disease control and thus promote the sustainable production of cashew in West African region.

Los ejercicios aeróbicos como vía en el combate de la obesidad en mujeres con edades entre 20 y 30 años del consultorio #17 del reparto “Carlos Manuel” del Municipio Pinar del Río

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Sergio Robainas Ross

2011-06-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es hoy la segunda enfermedad crónica que más prevalece en las sociedades occidentales. Sin embargo, aún no se le ha dado la atención que merece y parte de la sociedad sigue culpando de la obesidad a los propios obesos, equivocándose, al reducir su origen a malos hábitos alimenticios. Hoy el abordaje de la obesidad debe realizarse desde múltiples ángulos: corregir los hábitos alimentarios, programar un ejercicio regular y tener conocimientos de la nutrición. El tratamiento farmacológico y la cirugía son soluciones específicas en los casos más graves. Este trabajo pretende crear una serie de ejercicios de fácil ejecución, para un grupo de mujeres obesas entre 20 y 30 años para lograr un hábito de realización de actividades físicas con carácter sistemático bajo la dirección del profesor, lo cual evitaría la obesidad.

“¿De dónde eres realmente?” Apuntes sobre las ciencias sociales y la “crisis de la sociedad homogénea”

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Silvia Rodríguez Maeso

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Partiendo del trabajo de Alfonso Pérez-Agote sobre la formación y “crisis” del “presupuesto de la homogeneidad” de las sociedades occidentales modernas, este texto interroga los límites de las ciencias sociales y más concretamente de la sociología dominante para interpretar esta “crisis” y el cambio social al que está asociada. Más específicamente, cuestiona el lugar que la categoría raza ha tenido en la sociología, como una perspectiva analítica crucial a la hora problematizar las narrativas hegemónicas sobre la modernidad, la formación del Estado-Nación y la construcción de la idea de Europa. Se argumenta que la comprensión de las llamadas “crisis del multiculturalismo” o “crisis de la integración de la inmigración” en la actualidad, requiere otorgar centralidad a la renovación del contrato racial como la ingeniería política de la pertenencia a la europeidad.

Polimorfismos del cromosoma Y humano en poblaciones de la región norte del Perú

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Néstor Carbajal-Caballero

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron los loci Y-específicos DYS287, DYS199 y DYS390 en un total de 105 individuos, en cuatro poblaciones del norte del Perú. Sólo un individuo presentó el linaje YAP+ /C, de probable origen africano. La frecuencia de cromosomas Y Amerindios, indicado por el linaje YAP- /T, fue mayor en la población Aguaruna de Yamayakat (97%, disminuyendo en mestizos de Moche (73%, Santiago de Chuco (53% y Trujillo (33%; por otro lado, el grado de mestizaje fue mayor en las poblaciones nor-occidentales. Los haplótipos más frecuentes fueron YAP- /C/24 en Trujillo (47% y YAP- /T/24 en Santiago de Chuco (23%. La diversidad haplotípica en Santiago de Chuco (0,881 fue mayor que en Trujillo (0,752. Es de resaltar la considerable proporción de cromosomas Y Amerindios en las poblaciones peruanas a pesar de más de 500 años de influencia hispánica y otras culturas.

Programas de actividad física extraescolar. Revisión de la literatura

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Sergio Reloba-Martínez

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue realizar un análisis de la producción científicadesarrollada hasta la fecha sobre actividad física (AF extracurricular en niños occidentales de 6 a 12 años. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline/Pub-Med, Scopus y metabuscador Google Scholar para recoger artículos publicados entre enero de 1990 y mayo de 2013. Se analizó un total de 104 publicaciones. Los parámetros de composición corporal son los más utilizados para valorar los resultados de los estudios, seguidos de aquellos que estiman la capacidad aeróbica máxima. Los artículos de intervención se presentan con unas características metodológicas muy heterogéneas, aunque existen tendencias claras en el uso de determinados aspectos. En cuanto a las revisiones, la mayoría son sistemáticas e incluyen metaanálisis; el índice de masa corporal (IMC es el parámetro más utilizado.

De crisis y transformaciones. Los partidos políticos en la hora actual

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Melina Andrea Deangeli

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Los partidos políticos han constituido un objeto de estudio privilegiado en la ciencia política. Desde las últimas décadas del siglo xx, existe una suerte de consenso sobre la crisis de estos en las democracias occidentales. El presente trabajo retoma aquellos diagnósticos para problematizar el lugar de los partidos políticos en la actualidad. Basándonos, principalmente, en el caso argentino, sostenemos que la transformación en el modelo de Estado propuesto y ejecutado en nuestro país a partir del año 2003 habría asumido implicancias concretas en la configuración de (algunos de ellos que, en consonancia con el contexto político, asumen nuevas dinámicas que implican la inclusión de miembros y demandas de diferentes espacios políticos como agrupaciones político-territoriales, movimientos sociales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Se analizan brevemente, además, los casos de Brasil, Bolivia y España.

Los dererchos humanos de las etnias indígenas en colombia

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Javier Ignacio Niño Cubillos

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de los mecanismos de protección de los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas exige un desarrollo epistemológico que permita reconocer su carácter pluriétnico y multicultural. Invita a una reflexión de las posturas occidentales del individualismo liberal y de los derechos colectivos en relación con los DH. Este desarrollo normativo parte de un momento histórico específico y plantea el carácter ambiguo de la globalización, ya que la homogenización cultural necesaria para la permeabilidad de los mercados factura la emergencia de los pueblos indígenas en defensa de sus identidades Este escenario se ilustra desde distintas aristas del caso colombiano, comenzando con el limbo legal de la Jurisdicción Especial Indígena hasta la manera diferenciada como las comunidades indígenas responden al conflicto armado o demandan políticas públicas que garanticen sus derechos

Studies on the agronomy of Al-Andalus

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Julia María Carabaza

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Comme il peut être déduit du titre donné à ce travail, le principal objectif que nous nous sommes fixées, c'est de procéder à une mise à jour de la recherche en ce qui concerne les œuvres agricoles écrites à Al-Andalus. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons dans un premier temps, les manuscrits que l'on connaît de ces œuvres en question et qui appartiennent aussi bien aux bibliothèques du monde arabe qu’à des bibliothèques occidentales. Ensuite, nous mentionnerons les traités agronomiques qui sont actuellement édités et traduits, accompagnés de quelques notes critiques concernant les travaux qui ont été mis en œuvre jusqu'à présent dans ce domaine, pour terminer avec l'exposé des différents projets qui sont actuellement en cours et qui sont relatifs à ces traités agricoles d’Al-Andalus.

“¿DE DÓNDE ERES REALMENTE?” APUNTES SOBRE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y LA “CRISIS DE LA SOCIEDAD HOMOGÉNEA”

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Silvia Rodríguez Maeso

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Partiendo del trabajo de Alfonso Pérez-Agote sobre la formación y “crisis” del “presupuesto de lahomogeneidad” de las sociedades occidentales modernas, este texto interroga los límites de las cienciassociales y más concretamente de la sociología dominante para interpretar esta “crisis” y el cambio socialal que está asociada. Más específicamente, cuestiona el lugar que la categoría raza ha tenido en lasociología, como una perspectiva analítica crucial a la hora problematizar las narrativas hegemónicassobre la modernidad, la formación del Estado-Nación y la construcción de la idea de Europa. Seargumenta que la comprensión de las llamadas “crisis del multiculturalismo” o “crisis de la integración dela inmigración” en la actualidad, requiere otorgar centralidad a la renovación del contrato racial como laingeniería política de la pertenencia a la europeidad.

Evaluación de la correlación entre atributos genéticos y apellidos: características de STRs autosómicos en individuos con apellido Mapuche y Europeo

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Sala, Andrea

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los criterios de identificación vigente en los países occidentales es el determinado por el apellido. En ciertas regiones los apellidos pueden asociarse a grupos humanos definidos. Con el objeto de evaluar una posible correlación entre el origen étnico de diversas poblaciones se compararon las características genéticas de individuos cuyos apellidos incluyen elementos lingüísticos Mapuche con otros asociados a un origen europeo. En el presente trabajo se investigaron 168 individuos varones no relacionados, provenientes de las provincias patagónicas de Río Negro y Chubut, seleccionándose en cada provincia un número comparable de individuos con apellido Mapuche y europeo. Se analizaron 15 microsatélites (STRs autosómicos, ampliamente usados en identificación humana. Los resultados obtenidos indican una diferencia significativa entre el grupo Mapuche y el europeo (Fst: 0.055; p < 0,05. Los resultados de distancias genéticas sugieren que el grupo Mapuche es genéticamente distante de las poblaciones con apellido no aborigen.

Acute Renal Failure Induced by Chinese Herbal Medication in Nigeria

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Effiong Ekong Akpan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Traditional herbal medicine is a global phenomenon especially in the resource poor economy where only the very rich can access orthodox care. These herbal products are associated with complications such as acute renal failure and liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. Acute renal failure from the use of herbal remedies is said to account for about 30–35% of all cases of acute renal failure in Africa. Most of the herbal medications are not usually identified, but some common preparation often used in Nigeria includes “holy water” green water leaves, bark of Mangifera indica (mango, shoot of Anacardium occidentale (cashew, Carica papaya (paw-paw leaves, lime water, Solanum erianthum (Potato tree, and Azadirachta indica (Neem trees. We report a rare case of a young man who developed acute renal failure two days after ingestion of Chinese herb for “body cleansing” and general wellbeing. He had 4 sessions of haemodialysis and recovered kidney function fully after 18 days of admission.

Avaliação da metodologia microbiológica para determinação de 5-metiltetrahidrofolato em suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. Evaluation of a microbiological method for the determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.

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Soraya de Oliveira Sancho

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Embora o suco de caju seja bastante consumido no Brasil e muitos estudos sobre seu valor nutricional tenham sido publicados, a literatura não reporta estudos sobre a determinação de folatos nesse suco. Várias técnicas analíticas podem ser utilizadas visando à detecção da referida vitamina. Optou-se por utilizar o ensaio microbiológico oficial de determinação de folatos em alimentos, utilizando-se Lactobacillus casei como microrganismo de teste. Foram testados a utilização de ultrassom e tratamento enzimático como fases preparatórias, a fim de determinar qual a melhor metodologia a ser empregada. Foram comparados também o uso de padrões de ácido fólico e folato. Os resultados mostraram que o emprego de enzima é indicado como fase preparatória na determinação desta vitamina em suco de caju. A utilização de ultrassom não interferiu, significativamente, nos resultados encontrados, sendo seu emprego dispensável. Os teores de folato encontrados no suco de caju integral in natura indicam que o consumo de uma porção de 200 mL do suco equivale à ingestão de aproximadamente 500 µg de folato, valor superior à ingestão diária recomendada para adultos.Although cashew apple juice has been highly consumed in Brazil and several studies on its nutritional value have been published, no studies on the determination of folate contents in this juice were found in the literature. Several analytic techniques can be employed for the folate determination in foods. In this study, the microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei was employed. Enzyme treatment and ultrasound waves were tested as pretreatment. The use of standards of folic acid and folate were also evaluated. The results showed that the enzyme treatment cannot be replaced by ultrasound treatment. The consumption of 200 mL of in natura cashew apple juice corresponds to a folate intake of 500 µg, which is higher than the recommended daily intake for adults.

Avaliação da atividade antioxidante dos compostos fenólicos naturalmente presentes em subprodutos do pseudofruto de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds Naturally Contained in By-products of the Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.

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Priscila Regina Bolelli Broinizi

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como proposta avaliar a capacidade antioxidante do bagaço e do extrato bruto concentrado (EBC do pedúnculo de caju, tendo em vista o seu aproveitamento. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos aquoso (EAq e alcoólico (EAlc e das frações de ácidos fenólicos livres (AFL e esterificadas (solúvel AFS e insolúvel AFI desses subprodutos do pedúnculo de caju clone CCP-76 foi avaliado em sistema beta-caroteno/ácido linoléico, pelo teste de varredura de radical livre [2,2 difenil-1-pricril-hidrazil (DPPH•] e de Rancimat. Além do mais, o conteúdo de fenólicos totais e o perfil de ácidos fenólicos foram determinados usando-se o reagente de Folin-Ciocateau e por cromatografia gasosa, respectivamente. O EAq e a fração AFL dos subprodutos apresentaram o maior conteúdo de fenólicos. As frações de ácidos fenólicos exibiram expressiva atividade antioxidante, superior aos extratos estudados nos sistemas beta-caroteno e DPPH. Entretanto no teste Rancimat, os extratos apresentaram maior proteção à oxidação em relação às frações e ao BHT. Nas frações foram identificados os ácidos gálico, ferúlico, caféico, protocatecuico, quínico, cinâmico, gentíssico, p-cumárico e salicílico, os quais lhes conferem o potencial antioxidante. Estes resultados caracterizaram in vitro o potencial antioxidante do bagaço e do EBC do pedúnculo de caju clone CCP-76.This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity of cashew apple pulp and raw concentrated extract. The antioxidant potential of aqueous (EAq and alcoholic (EAlc extracts and of free phenolic acids (FPA and esterified (soluble - SPA and insoluble - IPA fractions of the by-products of the cashew apple clone CCP-76 were evaluated in a beta-carotene-linoleate system by the free radical [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•] scavenging assay and the Rancimat test. In addition, the total phenolic content and phenolic acid profile were determined using Folin-Ciocateau reagent and gas chromatography, respectively. The EAq and the FPA fraction of the by-products showed the highest phenolic content. The phenolic acid fractions generally displayed stronger antioxidant activity than the extracts tested with the beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH systems. However, in the Rancimat test, the extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than the fractions and BHT. Nine phenolic acids (gallic, ferulic, caffeic, protocatechuic, quinic, cinnamic, gentisic, p-coumaric and salicylic acids, which give the fractions their antioxidant potential, were identified and quantified (both free and esterified forms. These results characterized the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the pulp and raw concentrated extract of the cashew apple clone CCP-76.

Estabilidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial de pedúnculos de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. processados por métodos combinados Microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial stability of cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L. processed by combined methods

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Patricia Campos Mesquita

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Os pedúnculos de caju processados por métodos combinados e armazenados à temperatura ambiente (28ºC foram avaliados quanto à tendência a mudanças físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. Os resultados confirmam que os tipos de obstáculos usados (redução da Aw, tratamento térmico brando, redução do pH, adição de ácido ascórbico, benzoato de sódio a 1000ppm e SO2 a 600 e 900ppm e sua intensidade foram capazes de assegurar a estabilidade microbiológica do produto durante a armazenagem à temperatura ambiente por 120 dias, bem como uma boa aceitação sensorial.Cashew apples processed by combined methods were stored at room temperature (28ºC in order to evaluate the tendency for chemical, microbiological and sensorial changes during 120 days of storage. Results confirmed that the obstacles used (reduction of water activity, mild heat treatment, pH reduction, ascorbic acid addition, 1000ppm sodium benzoate, 600 and 900ppm of SO2 and their intensities were capable to assure the microbiological stability and sensorial acceptance of the product during storage stability at room temperature for 120 days.

Trocas gasosas em folhas de sol e sombreadas de cajueiro anão em diferentes regimes hídricos Gas exchange in leaves of sun and shade of cashew in different water regimes

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Michella de Albuquerque Lima

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Foram analisadas as variações sazonais nas taxas de trocas gasosas em lâminas foliares, sombreadas e a pleno sol, de cajueiro anão precoce (Anacardium occidentale L., quando submetidas aos regimes de irrigação e de sequeiro. Os clones CCP 76 e BRS 189 foram mensalmente avaliados quanto ao seu desempenho fisiológico em relação à condutância estomática (g s, às taxas transpiratórias (E e fotossintéticas (A, à temperatura foliar e à relação entre as concentrações interna e externa de CO2 (Ci/Ce. O experimento foi conduzido entre setembro de 2006 e agosto de 2007, na estação experimental da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, localizada no município de Paraipaba, Ceará. As variáveis A, g s, E e Ci/Ce foram afetadas apenas em função da época do ano e dos tipos de folhas. A maior influência nos fatores fisiológicos analisados ocorreu devido às condições em que as folhas estavam submetidas (sol ou sombra e aos fatores meteorológicos e não à supressão da irrigação. Isto, possivelmente porque os resultados aqui obtido estejam mais bem relacionados com as fases fenológicas da cultura do que com os tratamentos, demonstrando assim o conspícuo efeito fisiológico da força dos drenos e da irradiância nessas plantas.In this experiment we analyzed the seasonal variations in gas exchange rates of dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. when exposed to irrigated and rainfed conditions. Full sun and shaded of clones CCP 76 and BRS 189 were monthly assessed for determination of stomatal conductance (g s, transpiration rate (E and photosynthesis (A, internal and external CO2 (Ci/Ce and leaf temperature. The experiment was carried out between September 2006 and August 2007, at the experimental station of Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, located at Paraipaba County, state of Ceará, Brazil. In general, the variables A, g s, E and Ci/Ce were affected only in terms of time of year and types of leaves. Light influenced the

Los espantos de La sabana: leyendas y religiosidad de los Llanos venezolanos (The ghosts of Savannah: Legends and religion of the Venezuelan Ilanos - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2013v11n30p572

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Jenny González Muñoz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Los procesos culturales de los pueblos rurales de América Latina en cuanto a su parte inmaterial, están íntimamente relacionados con la memoria colectiva y/o social, la cual puede fungir, entre otras cosas, para afianzar la transmisión de leyendas creadas por la sabiduría popular por medio de la tradición oral. En los llanos centro-occidentales venezolanos a lo largo de más dos siglos se ha diseminado cantidad de leyendas que cuentan la aparición de espíritus que vagan por las sabanas solitarias, sobre todo en las noches de mayor oscuridad; los llamados “espantos de la sabana” son las almas de antiguos pobladores, ya conocidos, que deambulan pidiendo oraciones para su descanso eterno, o por no poder encontrar la paz que procuran. Dichas narraciones, al pasar de generación en generación forman parte de la identidad llanera y son incluidas en la literatura nacional; en el presente artículo se destaca esta característica colocando como ejemplo la novela de Rómulo Gallegos, Cantaclaro, así como coplas populares o aquellas recopiladas por Alberto Arvelo Torrealba para establecer el enlace existente entre la creación y transmisión de las leyendas y la religiosidad de dicha cultura. Palabras clave: Espantos de la sabana. Leyendas populares. Llanos centro-occidentales venezolanos. Religiosidad. Abstract Cultural processes of rural populations in Latin America while its immaterial dimension, are closely related to social and collective memory, which can serve, among other thins, to strengthen the transmission of legends created by wisdom through oral tradition. In the plains of the Midwest Venezuelan, during more than two centuries, were heard many legends that tell the apparition of spirits which roam the savannas lonely, especially on the darkest nights. These "ghosts of Savannah" are the souls of old settlers who roam (roam because they can not find peace or because they are asking for prayers for his eternal rest. These stories

Militarismo de transferencia de riesgo militar y la legitimidad de la guerra tras Irak.

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Martin SHAW

2006-03-01

Full Text Available El siglo XXI ha visto el surgimiento de lo que Martin Shaw denomina militarismo de transferencia de riesgo, que ya habría sido aplicado en las guerras de Afganistán e Irak. Una nueva estrategia de las potencias occidentales que disminuye los costes políticos de las intervenciones armadas trasladando el riesgo a la parte contraria, esto es los enemigos no occidentales y caracterizadas por la muerte de las fuerzas armada enemigas, la participación de aliados locales que corren el principal riesgo, las pequeñas masacres accidentales de civiles, el control de los medios de comunicación y la existencia de víctimas civiles indirectas. Todo ello permitiría al autor afirmar que junto con el resurgir de la guerra justa, resurgen también nuevos medios para deslegitimar los conflictos armados y justificar el pacifismo histórico.  Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:12.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} According to Martin Shaw, the 21st century has experienced the development of what he calls ‘risk-transfer militarism.’ This term refers to a new strategy of the Western countries whereby they reduce the political costs for military interventions by transferring their risks to the non-western enemies, explaining how this tactic has been applied to the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. This

Redução assimilatória de NO-3 em plantas de cajueiros cultivados em meio salinizado NO-3 assimilatory reduction in cashew plants grown in salinized medium

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Ricardo A. Viégas

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de se avaliar os efeitos e mecanismos iniciais da ação da salinidade sobre a redução de NO-3 e a acumulação de solutos nitrogenados, plantas de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L., CCP - 1001, com 42 dias de idade foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva contendo 100 mmol L-1 de NaCl, durante 8 dias, em casa de vegetação. A transpiração foi o principal fator de regulação da atividade de redutase de NO-3 (RN que foi fortemente reduzida nas folhas. Contrariamente, a atividade de glutamina sintetase (GS aumentou nas folhas em resposta à salinidade. Esta tendência de aumento da atividade de GS nas folhas foi acompanhada pelas concentrações de aminoácidos solúveis totais, particularmente prolina e proteínas solúveis totais. Por outro lado, o aumento nas concentrações das frações orgânicas de N, nas folhas, foi seguido por decréscimos nas concentrações de clorofilas e por acréscimos nas concentrações de NH+4 . É provável que o aumento da atividade de GS nas folhas de plantas de cajueiro, tenha sido induzido por um adicional suprimento de NH+4 e glutamato, a partir do catabolismo de aminoácidos e de proteínas e por aumentos na atividade fotorrespiratória.To evaluate the effects and initial-action mechanism of salinity on NO-3 reduction and N compounds accumulation, 42-day-old Anacardium occidentale (CCP-1001 plants were hydroponically grown in 100 mmol L-1 NaCl for 8 days (short-term experiment, in greenhouse. The results show that reduction in transpiration rates due to salinity had a relevant role in the regulation of NO-3 reductase (NR activity, which decreased considerably in leaf. On the contrary, glutamine sintetase (GS activity increased in leaf due to salinity. The increase in activity of GS in leaf was followed by the soluble amino acids concentration, in particular proline, and by the total soluble proteins content as well. On the other hand, increase in concentration of organic N fractions in

Abundance of Royle’s pika (Ochotona roylei along an altitudinal gradient in Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya

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Sabuj Bhattacharyya

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract The relative abundance of Royle’s pika (Ochotona roylei was studied in a part of the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, West Himalaya along an altitudinal gradient from 2900 to 3650 m a.s.l. Pikas’ detection probability and relative abundance per month and habitat were recorded by monthly surveys consisting of three sampling sessions of four hours each. Food plant species were identified by visual observation and quantified by a standard quadrat method. The highest relative abundance was observed at man-made walls and surroundings in the alpine zone and on broken slopes in the sub-alpine one, whereas alpine meadows showed the lowest abundance. A total of 26 plant species were found to be consumed by pikas. The proportion of forage plants was the highest (77.4% on the rocky slopes of the timberline zone The results of multiple regressions suggest that rock cover is the main factor affecting the relative abundance of Royle’s pika. Rocky areas probably offer both nest-sites and temporary refuges to escape from predators.
Riassunto Abbondanza relativa del pica di Royle (Ochotona roylei lungo un gradiente altitudinale in Uttarakhand, Himalaya occidentale. In un’area del Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (Uttarakhand, Himalaya occidentale, é stata stimata l’abbondanza relativa del pika di Royle (Ochotona roylei lungo un gradiente altitudinale compreso tra 2900 e 3650 m. Sono stati identificate tre fasce altitudinali e 10 habitat complessivi. La probabilità di osservazione e l’abbondanza relativa dei pika per ciascun mese e habitat sono state stimate tramite censimenti mensili consistenti in tre periodi di 4 ore ciascuno. Le specie vegetali consumate sono state identificate tramite osservazione diretta; la disponibilità è stata quantificata tramite rilievo fitosociologico standard. L’abbondanza relativa maggiore è stata riscontrata nella

Redução de vitamina C em suco de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) industrializado e cajuína

OpenAIRE

Lima,Eráclito Silva; Silva,Elidiane Gomes Da; Moita Neto,José Machado; Moita,Graziella Ciaramella

2007-01-01

Vitamin C degradation was evaluated in industrialized cashew juice of high pulp content and in cajuina by the method of Tillmans during eleven days of storage after the opening of the flask. For recently opened juices, vitamin C was found in the concentration range of 112 to 170 mg for 100 g of juice. The degradation of vitamin C in industrialized cashew juices changes when different additives are used. All of the cajuinas presented a vitamin C content below that specified on the label.

Partenariat de recherche en Hautes écoles spécialisées Santé Travail social de Suisse occidentale

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Kim Stroumza

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Au cœur des nouvelles politiques de la recherche tournée vers l’innovation, les Hautes écoles spécialisées suisses, récemment portées au niveau universitaire, ont pour mandat la recherche appliquée et le développement. Si la valorisation scientifique des travaux réalisés sous ce régime est visible dans les supports habituels, il n’en va pas de même de l’activité partenariale elle-même et des processus qui participent à sa constitution. L’analyse des narrations des protagonistes des partenariats permet de mettre en visibilité les phénomènes qui font la spécificité de cette activité, que les modèles de la diffusion sont impuissants à saisir. Prise entre pratique ordinaire, activité professionnelle et activité scientifique, soumise à la temporalité du processus, l’activité partenariale interroge la conception même du savoir qui sous-tend les modèles de recherche appliquée.Research partnership in the Swiss Universities of applied sciencesAt the heart of the new research policies tending towards innovation, the Swiss Universities of applied sciences, recently promoted to tertiary academic rank, have been given, as primary mission, to extend their activities in Applied Research and Development. If scientific valorization of this kind of research is visible in current media and publications, it is not so apparent for the partnership itself or the processes which constituted its development in the first place. The analysis of the narrations of the protagonists of the partnership shows the phenomenon which illustrates the specificity of this activity, that valorization models are unable to grasp. Caught between regular practice, professional and scientific activities, subject also to the temporality of the process, partnership activities question the very concept of the knowledge which underlines the models of applied research.Investigaciones conjuntas en Escuelas Superiores de Sanidad y Trabajo Social en Suiza occidental: compromiso de los agentes implicados y aprendizajes cruzadosEn el seno de las nuevas políticas de investigación orientadas hacia la innovación, las Escuelas Superiores especializadas suizas, recientemente incluidas en el ámbito universitario, tienen como objeto la investigación aplicada y el desarrollo. Si la valorización científica de los trabajos realizados dentro de este contexto es visible concretamente, no ocurre lo mismo por lo que respecta a la actividad conjunta y a los procesos que les dan forma. El análisis de las narraciones de los protagonistas pone visiblemente en evidencia los fenómenos que subrayan lo específico de este encaminamiento que los modelos de  difusión son incapaces de mostrar.  Estando entra la práctica habitual, la actividad profesional y la actividad científica, sometida está a la temporalidad el proceso, la actividad conjunta interroga la concepción misma de conocimientos que desembocan en métodos específicos de la investigación práctica.

Characterisation of the binding of [{sup 3}H]methyllycaconitine: a new radioligand for labelling {alpha}7-type neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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Davies, A.R.L.; Wolstenholme, A.J.; Wonnacott, S. [Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (United Kingdom); Hardick, D.J.; Blagbrough, I.S.; Potter, B.V.L. [Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (United Kingdom)

1999-05-15

Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a norditerpenoid alkaloid isolated from Delphinium seeds, is one of the most potent non-proteinacious ligands that is selective for {alpha}bungarotoxin-sensitive neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). [{sup 3}H]MLA bound to rat brain membranes with high affinity (K{sub d}=1.86{+-}0.31 nM) with a good ratio of specific to non-specific binding. The binding of [{sup 3}H]MLA was characterised by rapid association (t{sub 1/2}=2.3 min) and dissociation (t{sub 1/2}=12.6 min) kinetics. The radioligand binding displayed nicotinic pharmacology, consistent with an interaction with {alpha}bungarotoxin-sensitive nAChR. The snake {alpha}-toxins, {alpha}bungarotoxin and {alpha}cobratoxin, displaced [{sup 3}H]MLA with high affinity (K{sub i}=1.8{+-}0.5 and 5.5{+-}0.9 nM, respectively), whereas nicotine was less potent (K{sub i}=6.1{+-}1.1 {mu}M). The distribution of [{sup 3}H]MLA binding sites in crudely dissected rat brain regions was identical to that of [{sup 125}I]{alpha}bungarotoxin binding sites, with a high binding site density in hippocampus and hypothalamus, but low density in striatum and cerebellum. [{sup 3}H]MLA also labelled a sub-population of binding sites which are not sensitive to the snake {alpha}toxins, but which did not differ significantly from the major population with respect to their other pharmacological properties or regional distribution. [{sup 3}H]MLA, therefore, is a novel radiolabel for characterising {alpha}7-type nAChR. A good signal to noise ratio and rapid binding kinetics provide advantages over the use of radiolabelled {alpha}bungarotoxin for rapid and accurate equilibrium binding assays. (Copyright (c) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Characterisation of the binding of [3H]methyllycaconitine: a new radioligand for labelling α7-type neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davies, A.R.L.; Wolstenholme, A.J.; Wonnacott, S.; Hardick, D.J.; Blagbrough, I.S.; Potter, B.V.L.

1999-01-01

Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a norditerpenoid alkaloid isolated from Delphinium seeds, is one of the most potent non-proteinacious ligands that is selective for αbungarotoxin-sensitive neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). [ 3 H]MLA bound to rat brain membranes with high affinity (K d =1.86±0.31 nM) with a good ratio of specific to non-specific binding. The binding of [ 3 H]MLA was characterised by rapid association (t 1/2 =2.3 min) and dissociation (t 1/2 =12.6 min) kinetics. The radioligand binding displayed nicotinic pharmacology, consistent with an interaction with αbungarotoxin-sensitive nAChR. The snake α-toxins, αbungarotoxin and αcobratoxin, displaced [ 3 H]MLA with high affinity (K i =1.8±0.5 and 5.5±0.9 nM, respectively), whereas nicotine was less potent (K i =6.1±1.1 μM). The distribution of [ 3 H]MLA binding sites in crudely dissected rat brain regions was identical to that of [ 125 I]αbungarotoxin binding sites, with a high binding site density in hippocampus and hypothalamus, but low density in striatum and cerebellum. [ 3 H]MLA also labelled a sub-population of binding sites which are not sensitive to the snake αtoxins, but which did not differ significantly from the major population with respect to their other pharmacological properties or regional distribution. [ 3 H]MLA, therefore, is a novel radiolabel for characterising α7-type nAChR. A good signal to noise ratio and rapid binding kinetics provide advantages over the use of radiolabelled αbungarotoxin for rapid and accurate equilibrium binding assays. (Copyright (c) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic diversity of ranunculaceae medicinal compounds.

Science.gov (United States)

Hao, Da-Cheng; Ge, Guang-Bo; Xiao, Pei-Gen; Wang, Ping; Yang, Ling

2015-01-01

The wide-reaching distributed angiosperm family Ranunculaceae has approximately 2200 species in around 60 genera. Chemical components of this family include several representative groups: benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA), ranunculin, triterpenoid saponin and diterpene alkaloid, etc. Their extensive clinical utility has been validated by traditional uses of thousands of years and current evidence-based medicine studies. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) studies of plant-based natural products are an indispensable part of comprehensive medicinal plant exploration, which could facilitate conservation and sustainable utilization of Ranunculaceae pharmaceutical resources, as well as new chemical entity development with improved DMPK parameters. However, DMPK characteristics of Ranunculaceaederived medicinal compounds have not been summarized. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga) and goldenseal (Hydrastis) raise concerns of herbdrug interaction. DMPK studies of other Ranunculaceae genera, e.g., Nigella, Delphinium, Aconitum, Trollius, and Coptis, are also rapidly increasing and becoming more and more clinically relevant. In this contribution, we highlight the up-to-date awareness, as well as the challenges around the DMPK-related issues in optimization of drug development and clinical practice of Ranunculaceae compounds. Herb-herb interaction of Ranunculaceae herb-containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula could significantly influence the in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of compounds thereof, which may partially explain the complicated therapeutic mechanism of TCM formula. Although progress has been made on revealing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/T) of Ranunculaceae compounds, there is a lack of DMPK studies of traditional medicinal genera Aquilegia, Thalictrum and Clematis. Fluorescent probe compounds could be promising substrate, inhibitor and/or inducer in future DMPK studies of Ranunculaceae compounds. A better

Media coverage of climate change in spanish-speaking online media

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Carlos Arcila-Calderón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La atención mediática hacia el cambio climático ( cc en países en desarrollo es crucial para comprender los discursos sobre esta problemática en zonas vulnerables. Las investigaciones previas sobre cobertura mediática al cc se han enfocado en medios impresos de países desarrollados occidentales, pero hay poco conocimiento en medios digitales en países en desarrollo. Usando la teoría del framing , este estudio analiza la manera en que los medios digitales en español enmarcan las noticias sobre cc . Se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de 889 noticias de 97 medios que publicaron noticias sobre cc durante las Cumbres de Cancún (2010 y Durban (2011. Los resultados muestran prevalencia de los políticos como fuentes y de agencias noticiosas. También indican una relación entre la fuente y el marco noticioso. Se discute que existe una “domesticación nacionalista” y que no responde a necesidades locales. Se sugieren nuevas investigaciones de corte cualitativo y comparativo.

Colonialidad y género

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MARÍA LUGONES

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo investiga la interseccionalidad entre raza, clase, género y sexualidad con el objetivo de entender la preocupante indiferencia que los hombres muestran hacia las violencias que sistemáticamente se infringen sobre las mujeres de color, es decir, mujeres no blancas víctimas de la colonialidad del poder e, inseparablemente, de la colonialidad del género. El artículo se inserta dentro de la tradición de pensamiento de mujeres de color que han creado análisis críticos del feminismo hegemónico precisamente por ignorar la interseccionalidad de raza/clase/sexualidad/género. Busca entender la forma en que se construye esta indiferencia de los hombres para, así convertirla en algo cuyo reconocimiento sea ineludible para quienes están involucrados en luchas liberadoras. Se discute en detalle una manera otra, muy distinta de los feminismos occidentales, de entender el patriarcado desde la colonialidad del género. La autora nos invita a pensar en la cartografía del poder global desde lo que llama el Sistema Moderno/Colonial de Género.

Host Plant and Leaf-Age Preference of Luprops tristis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae: Lupropini: A Home Invading Nuisance Pest in Rubber Plantation Belts

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Sabu K. Thomas

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Massive seasonal invasion by the litter-dwelling beetle Luprops tristis, into residential buildings prior to monsoon rains, and their prolonged state of dormancy render them a very serious nuisance pest in rubber plantations in the Western Ghats in southern India. Feeding preferences of L. tristis towards leaf litter of seven trees co-occurring in rubber plantations, cashew (Anacardium occidentale, mango (Mangifera indica, jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, wild jack (Artocarpus hirsutus, cocoa (Theobroma cacao, cassia (Cassia fistula, sapota (Manilkara zapota and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis were analyzed with no-choice and multiple-choice leaf disc tests. Results showed that L. tristis is a generalist feeder with a defined pattern of preference, with the leaf litter of rubber being the most preferred followed by those of jackfruit and cocoa. Tender leaves were preferred over mature leaves except for cocoa and sapota. Equal preference towards tender and mature cocoa leaves, presence of patches of cocoa plantations and the scarce distribution of other host plants in rubber plantation belts leads to the proposal that in the absence of tender and mature rubber leaves, cocoa becomes the major host plant of L. tristis.

Anciens et Modernes ? Idéal de justice et révolution constitutionnelle en Iran (1905-1911 The Ancients and the Moderns? The Ideal of Justice and Constitutional Revolution in Iran (1905-1911

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Soudabeh Marin

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Durant la période de la Révolution constitutionnelle en Perse (1905-1911 divers acteurs politiques et sociaux prônent dans leurs discours et leurs publications des conceptions différentes et variées de la justice, une justice conçue à la fois en tant qu’idéal mais également en tant qu’institution. À travers deux exemples, nous tentons ici d’illustrer ces diverses approches qui expriment pour les unes une vision islamique du droit et du pouvoir et pour les autres une vision laïque et occidentale de l’État et du système judiciaire.During the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, different conceptions and discourses on the notion of justice developed and revealed the political positions of their authors, notably towards Europe. Justice was apprehended as an ideal, religious or secular, that had to be implemented in Iran notably through specific institutions and a rationally organized judiciary system. We will examine here two different points of view, religious and secular, which express the diversity of opinions that characterized this period regarding this important topic of justice.

Las elecciones generales españolas de 2008: "bipolarización antagónica" fomentada por intereses político-mediáticos y las nuevas tecnologías

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Víctor Sampedro

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Las elecciones generales españolas de 2008 reprodujeron características ya comunes en las democracias occidentales: campañas permanentes, negativismo y personalización. Los medios de comunicación dominantes desplegaron a lo largo de la campaña una estrategia de polarización bipartidista incentivada por los socialdemócratas y los conservadores, lo que resultó en una pérdida de poder para los pequeños partidos nacionalistas y los partidos de izquierda. Los debates de los candidatos retornaron a la TV española después de 15 años, pero el papel moderador de los periodistas fue abolido por los dos grandes partidos, que acordaron previamente los temas de debate. La utilización por los candidatos de las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación no se tradujo en una "campaña ciudadana" o "desde abajo". La participación ciudadana espontánea resultó más temida que deseada, y los recursos revolucionarios de la Web 2.0 fueron cooptados por los partidos, integrándolos en sus estrategias de marketing político.

Introducción a la historia de los deportes en la China antigua =

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Antonio José Mezcua López

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Los deportes en la tradicional China fueron de gran variedad así como tienen una larga trayectoria histórica. No obstante, su investigación y estudio, tanto en lenguas orientales como occidentales, ha permanecido ausente hasta no bien entrados los primeros años de este siglo. Con este pequeño artículo pretendemos hacer un acercamiento a la historia de los deportes en China centrándonos en describir la rica variedad que hubo. A su vez nos centraremos en aquellos que tuvieron más importancia cultural, como el tiro con arco, el zuqiu (balompié o las artes marciales.-------------------------------------------Sports in traditional China were very diverse and have a long history. However, their research and study in both Eastern and Western languages has been absent until the early years of this century. With this small article we intend to make an approach to the history of sports in China focusing on describing the great variety of sports. We will also focus on the sports of most cultural importance, such as archery, zuqiu (football, or martial arts. 

Entre el cuerpo y la publicidad: tensiones de la feminidad en el Ecuador

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Jenny Marcela Ponton Cevallos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo abordo desde una perspectiva feminista la representación que se realiza del cuerpo femenino en la publicidad mediática como un aspecto que en la actualidad está moldeando la subjetividad de las mujeres respecto a la estética de sus cuerpos. Por tal razón, inicio este artículo con una conceptualización del término “feminidad” con el objetivo de profundizar sobre la construcción de la identidad de las mujeres en las sociedades occidentales modernas, para luego analizar simbólicamente las implicaciones de la idealización de la apariencia física en la cultura visual comercial, y posteriormente explorar los significados y sentidos que este tipo de representación genera en la vida de las mujeres que conviven cotidianamente con estas imágenes en el Ecuador. Todo esto para evidenciar que la publicidad constituye un mecanismo de disciplinamiento corporal cuyos parámetros se han convertido en la nueva cara de la dominación  masculina en el contexto de capitalismo tardío.