HUMEDAD CRÍTICA Y REPELENCIA AL AGUA EN ANDISOLES COLOMBIANOS BAJO COBERTURA DE Pinus patula Schltdl y Cham CRITICAL MOISTURE AND WATER REPELLENCY OF COLOMBIAN ANDISOLS COVERED WITH Pinus patula Schltdl and Cham

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Daniel Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo

2005-12-01

Full Text Available En un lote con Andisoles bajo cobertura de Pinus patula Schltdl y Cham se ubicaron 4 transectos sobre los cuales se hizo un muestreo horizontal cada 5 cm, en 4 profundidades, con el fin de establecer si había una zona de transición de humedad crítica en el suelo que estuviera controlando la presencia de repelencia al agua en él. Se hicieron determinaciones de WDPT en el campo y luego en muestras secadas a 35 °C, en laboratorio. En cada condición se determinó el contenido gravimétrico de humedad a cada muestra y se relacionaron estos contenidos con su correspondiente WDPT. Los suelos presentaron altos contenidos de humedad, tanto en campo, como secos a 35 °C. La mayoría de los sitios fueron humectables en campo pero, al secar las muestras a 35 °C, la mayoría de ellas, en las tres primeras profundidades, se tornaron fuertemente repelentes al agua. Ambas propiedades tuvieron una alta variabilidad. En algunas profundidades de varios transectos fue posible definir, precariamente, zonas críticas de humedad para la repelencia al agua pero, al tratar de generalizar esta zona para todo el perfil del transecto, no fue posible definirla.In a stand with Andisoles planted with Pinus patula Schltdl and Cham, 4 transects were established for horizontal sampling every 5 cm in 4 depths to establish whether there was a transition zone for critical humidity in the soil that could determine the presence of water repellency in it. Determinations of WDPT were made in the field and later on samples dried at 35 °C in the laboratory. For each condition, the gravimetric content of humidity of each sample was determined and these contents were compared to their corresponding WDPT. The soils presented high humidity contents, both in the field and when dried at 35 °C. Most of the sites were humidified in the field, but upon drying the samples at 35 °C, the majority of them from the first three pit depths became strongly water repellent. Both properties were

Efeito do volume do tubete no crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell. Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham

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Ubirajara Contro Malavasi

2006-01-01

Full Text Available This study compared the effects of container volume upon initial seedling growth of Cordia trichotoma (Vell. Arrab. ex Steud and Jacaranda micranta Cham. 180 days after the planting. The plastic containers used were filled with commercial nursery substrate and displayed volumes of 55, 120, 180 and 300 cm3. No mortality was recorded among seedlings of all container sizes. There were no statistical differences in respect of height and stem diameter from seedlings cultivated in 120, 180 and 300 cm3 containers 180 days after the planting date.

Insecticidal Properties of a Highly Potent Wax Isolated from Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham

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Georgina Díaz Napal

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham. (Bignoniaceae led to the isolation of a natural wax with anti-insect activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae and Epilachna paenulata (Coleptera. The compound was identified spectroscopically as an ester of a C27 fatty acid and a C25 alcohol, pentacosyl heptacosanoate (1. The effective doses of 1 for 50% feeding inhibition (ED50 of S. frugiperda and E. paenulata were 0.82 and 8.53 µg/cm2, respectively, in a choice test, while azadirachtin showed ED50 of 0.10 and 0.59 µg/cm2, respectively. In a no-choice test, both insects refused to feed on leaves treated with 1 at doses of 0.1 µg/cm2 or greater inhibiting larval growth and dramatically reducing survival. The lethal doses 50 (LD50 of 1 were 0.39 and 0.68 µg/cm2 for S. frugiperda and E. paenulata, respectively. These results indicate that 1 has potential for development as botanical insecticides. Similar esters might be obtainable in large quantities as many edible crops produce wax esters that are discarded during food processing. Research on these materials could lead to the detection of similar waxes with insecticidal activity.

Biomedical properties and potentiality of Lippia microphylla Cham. and its essential oils

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Evelyne Rolim Braun Sim and otilde;es

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Lippia microphylla Cham. (Verbanaceae is an endemic underexploited Brazilian vegetal. This work reviewed the biological potentialities of Lippia microphylla, emphasizing the properties of essential oils (EOs and analyzed scientific indicators about genus Lippia and L. microphylla. Databases from 1948 to the present were searched and a software (Vantage Point 7.1 associated with Derwent Innovation Index was used to identify the indicators of the genus Lippia, and biological activities and compounds in the L. macrophylla species. Ethnopharmacological records report use of L. microphylla leaves to treat gastrointestinal disorders, influenza, bronchitis, cough, nasal congestion and sinusitis during vaporization, whose aromatic volatile oils are rich in monoterpenes, especially cineole, terpineol and thymol. Other EOs have larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti larvae, and antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic and antitumor action on human and murine cancer cells. Brazil is the country with more articles about Lippia species, but it deposited only 9 patents since 1993. Most of the publications about L. microphylla are concentrated in food and chemical sciences. This bioprospection helps to choice areas of interest for capital investment and to give support for Brazilian Institutions to establish cooperation and improve technological impact at the point of view of creation and innovation. [J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4(3.000: 256-263

Morfologia da unidade de dispersão e germinação de Cordia sellowiana cham. e Cordia myxa l

OpenAIRE

Barroso,Isabel Cristina Ercolini; Oliveira,Fernando de; Ciarelli,Deborah Maria

2009-01-01

As unidades de dispersão das espécies Cordia sellowiana Cham. e Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae Jussieu) foram estudadas com ênfase em sua morfologia e no processo de germinação. Os frutos de Cordia sellowiana e de Cordia myxa são do tipo drupóide nuculânio. A protrusão da raiz primária, na primeira espécie, ocorre através de fenda longitudinal do pirênio, e na segunda, através de abertura do opérculo. A germinação, nas duas espécies, é do tipo fanerocotiledonar epígea. As plântulas apresentam c...

Chemical Composition and Allelopathyc Activity of Essential Oil of Lippia sidoides Cham Composición química y actividad alelopática del aceite esencial de Lippia sidoides Cham

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Cláudia Araújo Marco

2012-03-01

Full Text Available The allelopathy is a process for which products of the secondary metabolism, as terpenes phenolic, of a certain vegetal intervene significantly, generally of antagonistic form, in the development of other species of plants. The objective of this work was to chemically characterize the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. growing in the Cariri cearense region, Brazil, and evaluate the allelopathyc effect of this oil on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., arugula (Eruca sativa Mill., and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L., in pre-plantation application. The monoterpene thymol (84.90% has been identified as the principal constituent in the essential oil. The experiment was done in randomized complete block, in 4 x 3 factorial; being used four essential oil combinations applied in three different species in pre-plantation applications. Emergence velocity index (EVI, germination percentage and mean time to germination (MTG, had been analyzed through daily counting carried out until the 14th day after sowing. Through qualitative analysis performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS were identified seven chemical constituents representing 97.82% of essential oil of L. sidoides, being that the constituent present in greater concentration in oil was the thymol (84.90%. Could be verified the occurrence of the negative allelopathyc effect of lettuce crop, because its present low EVI and greater MTG, for the other vegetable species there were no allelopathic effect.La alelopatía es un proceso mediante el cual productos metabólicos secundarios, tales como terpenos fenoles, producidos por una planta en particular interfieren significativamente, y de manera antagónica, en el desarrollo de otras especies vegetales. Nuestros objetivos fueron caracterizar químicamente el aceite esencial de Lippia sidoides Cham., cultivada en la región de Cariri Ceará, y evaluar el efecto alelopático del aceite aplicado en pre-siembra en

CHAM: a fast algorithm of modelling non-linear matter power spectrum in the sCreened HAlo Model

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Bin; Liu, Xue-Wen; Cai, Rong-Gen

2018-05-01

We present a fast numerical screened halo model algorithm (CHAM, which stands for the sCreened HAlo Model) for modelling non-linear power spectrum for the alternative models to Λ cold dark matter. This method has three obvious advantages. First of all, it is not being restricted to a specific dark energy/modified gravity model. In principle, all of the screened scalar-tensor theories can be applied. Secondly, the least assumptions are made in the calculation. Hence, the physical picture is very easily understandable. Thirdly, it is very predictable and does not rely on the calibration from N-body simulation. As an example, we show the case of the Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity. In this case, the typical CPU time with the current parallel PYTHON script (eight threads) is roughly within 10 min. The resulting spectra are in a good agreement with N-body data within a few percentage accuracy up to k ˜ 1 h Mpc-1.

Influência dos Fatores Ambientais e da Quantidade de Néctar na Atividade de Forrageio de Abelhas em Flores de Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. (Bignoniaceae)

OpenAIRE

Keila Silva; João Cloves Dutra; Mateus Nucci; Leandro Polatto

2013-01-01

Resumo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência diária dos fatores ambientais e da quantidade de néctar na frequência de forrageio de abelhas em flores de Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. Para isso, foi demarcada uma área focal e registrada a atividade de forrageio das abelhas em um intervalo de 30 minutos para cada hora, das 6:00 às 17:30 h, nas flores da referida espécie vegetal durante quatro dias não consecutivos. Também foi avaliada a produção acumulativa de néctar e o s...

Experimental results for the extraction of essential oil from Lippia sidoides cham. using pressurized carbon dioxide

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Sousa EMBD.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The odoriferous species Lippia sidoides Cham. is abundant in the Brazilian Northeast. Its essential oil possesses antiseptic activity due to the presence of thymol. In this work, thermodynamic and kinetic data were experimentally determined for the CO2 + L. sidoides system. Solubility was determined using the dynamic method at pressures of 66.7 and 78.5 bar and temperatures of 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 295.15, and 298.15 K. SFE kinetic data were obtained at 288.15 K and 66.7 bar. The composition of the multicomponent solute mixture was determined by GC-MS and compared to the composition of both the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation and the oleoresin obtained using ethanol. The SFE process yield was higher than the yield of either the steam distillation or the ethanol extraction. The solubilities were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with one binary interaction parameter for the attractive term, considering the essential oil as a pseudo-component. Sovová?s model quantitatively described the overall extraction curve.

2018-05-09T13:20:33Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

article/67957 2018-05-09T13:20:33Z ajtcam:ART Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used In Mali for Dysmenorrhea Sanogo, R Dysmenorrhea; Maytenus senegalensis; Stereospermum kunthianum; Trichilia emetica; Mali Dysmenorrhea is painful ...

Dimethoxyflavone isolated from the stem bark of Stereospermum ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

trihydroxy-3/-(8//-acetoxy-7//-methyloctyl)-5, 6-dimethoxyflavone, a flavonoid isolated from the stem bark of Stereospermum kunthianum. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated using rodent models with diarrhoea. The normal intestinal transit, ...

Ecophysiological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics of Vitex polygama Cham. (Verbenaceae submitted to different concentrations of fluoride

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Zélia Terezinha Teixeira Rossi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Fluorides released during the manufacture of aluminum, fertilizers, glass and ceramics are considered to be highly toxic to plants, causing damages in relatively small concentrations. This study aimed to evaluate fluoride (F accumulation and its effects on Vitex polygama Cham. (Verbenaceae exposed to simulated rain containing potassium fluoride in concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1. Vitex polygama presented no visual symptoms of foliar injury and accumulated a relatively small amount of F-, significant only for the treatments with higher concentrations of the pollutant.  F- promoted an increase in non-photochemical quenching (qN and in the coefficient due to non-photochemical extinction (NPQ, which indicates higher dissipation of radiant energy in the heat form. Damages in the chloroplast structure, in cellular membranes and in epicuticular waxes, besides cytoplasm granulation and irregularities in the epidermal cell walls were also detected in plants exposed to the pollutant. The results show a considerable resistance of Vitex polygama to F and reinforce the prognostic value of physiological, anatomical and ultrastructural analysis in the detection of damages caused by the pollutant in the leaf structure of this species.

Antioxidant activity from the leaf extracts of Jacaranda puberula Cham., Bignoniaceae, a Brazilian medicinal plant used for blood depuration

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Paula Macedo Lessa dos Santos

Full Text Available The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from Jacaranda puberula Cham., Bignoniaceae, was assayed by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging method. Three phytomedicines (F1, F2, and F3 used as blood depurative, were tested by the same method. The free radical scavenger potential was measured by the discoloration of the solution. The EC50 values from Gingko bilobaEGb 761® extract and rutin, used as antioxidant for medical purposes, were used as reference. The ethanol extract (EE, ethyl acetate (EA, butanol (EB, aqueous (EAq and the sample A (obtained from extract EB, showed lower EC50 values than other extracts and phytomedicines. The antioxidant activity (AA of the extracts was related with the presence of the polyphenol compounds such as verbascoside (1 and cis-caffeoyl aldehyde (2. These structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.

stem bark in rodents

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-05-02

May 2, 2008 ... The effect of the extract on the normal intestinal transit in mice was not significant. However, in the ... kunthianum stem bark was therefore investigated in mice and rats' in vivo ..... sons, London, 11: 544. Izzo AA, Nicoletti M, ...

ROOTING OF Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl. Wawra (RUBIACEAE IN THE FOUR SEASONS OF THE YEAR

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Francine da Silva Guerellus Nery

2014-03-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813341Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl. Wawra (Rubiaceae is a tree species native from the Atlantic Forest. It has wide geographical distribution in Brazil, since the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina, where it is known as ‘grandiúva-d’anta’. Bibliographic reports on the vegetative propagation of Psychotria nuda are not found in the literature, there are only works about the pharmacological use of some species of this genus. Thus, softwood cuttings of Psychotria nuda were prepared with about 8 to 10 cm long, with two leaves kept in the upper third and without leaves collected in autumn (April/2007, winter (July/2007, spring (October/2007 , summer (January 2008.The cuttings were treated with water, 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000 mgL-1 IBA. The planting was done in tubes with vermiculite as substrate, the stakes kept in green-house pool, located in the Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana (UFPR, remaining there for 60 days. It was evaluated the percentage of rooted cuttings, with callus, survival and mortality. In conclusion it was found that spring and summer are the most favorable seasons for rooting with an average of 88.89% and 61.25%, respectively. The cuttings with leaves were higher than those without leaves. The vegetative propagation of the species is feasible, being the use of plant growth regulator not necessary for the rooting process.

ENRAIZAMENTO DE Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl. Wawra (RUBIACEAE NAS QUATRO ESTAÇÕES DO ANO

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Francine da Silva Guerellus Nery

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl. Wawra (Rubiaceae is a tree species native from the Atlantic Forest. It has wide geographical distribution in Brazil, since the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina, where it is known as ‘grandiúva-d’anta’. Bibliographic reports on the vegetative propagation of Psychotria nuda are not found in the literature, there are only works about the pharmacological use of some species of this genus. Thus, softwood cuttings of Psychotria nuda were prepared with about 8 to 10 cm long, with two leaves kept in the upper third and without leaves collected in autumn (April/2007, winter (July/2007, spring (October/2007 , summer (January 2008.The cuttings were treated with water, 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000 mgL -1 IBA. The planting was done in tubes with vermiculite as substrate, the stakes kept in green-house pool, located in the Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana (UFPR, remaining there for 60 days. It was evaluated the percentage of rooted cuttings, with callus, survival and mortality. In conclusion it was found that spring and summer are the most favorable seasons for rooting with an average of 88.89% and 61.25%, respectively. The cuttings with leaves were higher than those without leaves. The vegetative propagation of the species is feasible, being the use of plant growth regulator not necessary for the rooting process.

Estabelecimento de alecrim-pimenta in vitro In vitro establishment of Lippia sidoides Cham

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Andréa S da Costa

2007-03-01

Full Text Available O alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham. é um arbusto nativo da região do semi-árido do nordeste brasileiro, cujo óleo essencial possui elevado valor comercial devido aos seus constituintes majoritários, o timol e o carvacrol, de potente propriedade antimicrobiana e anti-séptica. Avaliou-se os efeitos de concentrações e tempos de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio, de meios de cultivo e da utilização de antibiótico e antioxidantes no estabelecimento in vitro de alecrim-pimenta. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliadas as concentrações 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8% de hipoclorito de sódio e 8; 12; 16 e 20 minutos de imersão, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4; as concentrações 0; 50; 100; 150 e 200 mg L-1 do antibiótico cefatoxima sódica; os meios-de-cultura MS, B5 e WPM; e o efeito de antioxidantes (PVP: 0,5 e 2 g L-1; e carvão ativado: 3 e 12 g L-1. A concentração de 0,8% de hipoclorito de sódio proporcionou um número significativamente maior (pLippia sidoides Cham. is a native shrub from the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Its essential oil has high commercial value, due to the major compounds thymol and carvacrol, which have strong antimicrobial and antiseptic properties. The effect of concentrations and immersion time in sodium hypochlorite, culture media, the use of antibiotic and antioxidants on in vitro establishment of L. sidoides were evaluated. The assays were conducted in a completely randomized design. We evaluated the concentrations 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8% of sodium hypochlorite and 8; 12; 16 and 20 minutes of immersion, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme; the concentrations 0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 mg L-1 of cefotaxime sodium; the medium cultures MS, B5 and WPM; and the effect of antioxidants (PVP: 0.5 and 2 g L-1; and activated charcoal: 3 and 12 g L-1. The concentration of 0.8% of sodium hypochlorite resulted in a significantly higher (p<0.01 number of leaves per shoot: 1

Efeito do volume do tubete no crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell. Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham.

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Ubirajara Contro Malavasi

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O ensaio comparou os efeitos de tubetes de quatro volumes no crescimento de mudas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell. Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham. até 180 dias após o plantio (DAP. Foram utilizados tubetes plásticos de seção circular e volume de 55, 120, 180 e 300 cm3 preenchidos com substrato comercial. Os resultados indicaram que, durante a fase de viveiro na qual não fora anotada nenhuma mortalidade, os tubetes menores causaram diminuição da massa seca do sistema radicular e do número de radicelas. O crescimento a campo em altura e diâmetro das mudas das duas espécies utilizadas no ensaio resultou em similaridade estatística entre as originadas de tubetes com volumes de 120, 180 e 300 cm3 ao final de 180 dias após plantio.

Variation in plant defenses of Didymopanax vinosum (Cham. & Schltdl. Seem. (Apiaceae across a vegetation gradient in a Brazilian cerrado

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Pais Mara Patrícia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Cerrado vegetation is composed of a mosaic of vegetation types, from campo sujo, dominated by herbs; campo cerrado and cerrado sensu stricto, with shrubby vegetation; to cerradão, with trees forming a denser forest. This physiognomic mosaic is related to differences in the water availability in the soil. Cerrado plants are considered physically and chemically well defended against herbivores, but there are no studies showing how plants allocate investment to various types of defensive mechanisms in different habitat physiognomies. The defensive mechanisms and the nutritional traits of a cerrado plant, Didymopanax vinosum (Cham. & Schltdl. Seem. (Apiaceae, were compared along a vegetation gradient. Toughness, as well as water, nitrogen, cellulose, lignin, and tannin contents were measured in young and mature leaves of D. vinosum collected in campo cerrado, cerrado sensu stricto (s.s. and cerradão. Plants from cerrado s.s. and cerradão were of better nutritional quality but also had higher tannin contents than campo cerrado plants. Some type of compensation mechanism could have been selected to provide an optimum investment in defense, according to limitations imposed by water deficits in the habitat.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i4.8

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJTCAM

http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i4.8. 47. DIMETHOXYFLAVONE ISOLATED FROM THE STEM BARK OF STEREOSPERMUM KUNTHIANUM POSSESSES. ANTIDIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY IN RODENTS. Ching, F. P.1*, Otokiti, I. O.2 and Egert-omoneukanrin, B.2. 1*Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical ...

Estudo farmacobotânico das folhas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl. K.Schum. (Rubiaceae

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Victor Peçanha de Miranda Coelho

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo um estudo farmacobotânico das folhas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl. K. Schum., espécie usada na medicina popular do Nordeste do Brasil no tratamento das dores reumáticas. Realizaram-se estudos morfológicos para a identificação da espécie e para a morfodiagnose macroscópica. Cortes paradérmicos e transversais do pecíolo e da lâmina foliar, à mão livre, foram corados com safranina ou com uma mistura de safranina e azul de astra para a morfodiagnose microscópica. A lâmina foliar é subcoriácea, oblongo-lanceolada a elíptica, densamente tomentosa na face abaxial. T. formosa possui folhas hipoestomáticas, com estômatos do tipo paracítico; epiderme unisseriada com células de paredes poligonais; mesofilo dorsiventral com idioblastos cristalíferos, esparsos, isolados ou aos pares, no estrato superior do parênquima paliçádico; tricomas simples são evidentes na epiderme, em ambas faces. A vascularização é formada por dois feixes assessórios na posição adaxial e um feixe central em arco com as terminações invaginadas, na porção proximal do pecíolo, ou em forma de "V-fechado" na porção distal e na nervura principal. A morfologia das estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas associada à anatomia do mesofilo e do sistema vascular, em conjunto, são caracteres distintivos para esta espécie.

Sub-acute toxicity studies on the aqueous extract of Stereospermum ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Significant increases in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL- cholesterol levels were also recorded with the dose of 2g/kg. Increases of the organ (liver, kidney, heart and spleen) weights were produced with all doses of Stereospermum kunthianum but histological alterations of these organs were observed with only ...

Ablación Genital Femenina (AGF): el proyecto Emberá Wera y su efecto en la comunidad Emberá Chamí de los municipios de Mistrató y Pueblo Rico en Risaralda (2007-2014)

OpenAIRE

Hernández Palacio, Fallon

2015-01-01

El interés de este estudio de caso es analizar los efectos y limitaciones de la implementación del proyecto Emberá Wera, que tenía como objetivo eliminar la Ablación Genital Femenina, dentro de la comunidad Emberá Chamí de Mistrató y Pueblo Rico (Colombia). Para ello, se rastrean los cambios generados respecto a la práctica, y en las creencias sobre la misma, después de finalizado el proyecto. Luego, se hace un acercamiento a la norma internacional: eliminación de la ablación, para dar cuenta...

Primeros ensayos para el cultivo y caracterización del aceite esencial de Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl. Benth. para el Pacífico colombiano

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Robert Tulio González Mina

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl. Benth. es una planta silvestre de humedales de la que no hay antecedentes de su cultivo o domesticación. El presente trabajo intenta obtener resultados preliminares para su reproducción en condiciones experimentales de siembras simulando su entorno natural contrastada con siembras en materas. Como se ha reportado previamente interés por esta especie como fuente de aceites esenciales ricos en timol, sustancia valiosa de uso industrial y medicinal, se analiza la composición cromatográfica de los volátiles para una población local. Se enuncia un nuevo quimiotipo para el aceite esencial de C. scoparioides procedente de los humedales del Pacífico colombiano. Se presentan los resultados de los ensayos sobre la reproducción vegetativa y por semillas de la especie en cuestión, aunque los resultados reproductivos indican un limitado potencial agrícola para esta especie.

Primeros ensayos para el cultivo y caracterización del aceite esencial de Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl. Benth. para el Pacífico colombiano

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Robert Tulio González Mina

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl. Benth. es una planta silvestre de humedales de la que no hay antecedentes de su cultivo o domesticación. El presente trabajo intenta obtener resultados preliminares para su reproducción en condiciones experimentales de siembras simulando su entorno natural contrastada con siembras en materas. Como se ha reportado previamente interés por esta especie como fuente de aceites esenciales ricos en timol, sustancia valiosa de uso industrial y medicinal, se analiza la composición cromatográfica de los volátiles para una población local. Se enuncia un nuevo quimiotipo para el aceite esencial de C. scoparioides procedente de los humedales del Pacífico colombiano. Se presentan los resultados de los ensayos sobre la reproducción vegetativa y por semillas de la especie en cuestión, aunque los resultados reproductivos indican un limitado potencial agrícola para esta especie.

Effects of sub acute oral administration of aqueous extract of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study evaluates the effects of sub acute oral administration (28 days) of aqueous extract of Stereospermum kunthianum stem bark on the body weight and haematological indices of rats. Treatments were administered by oral gavage once daily for a total of 28 days. The first group (control) received distilled water (5 ...

Assessment of the antiproliferative and antigenotoxic activity and phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl. (ADOXACEAE).

Science.gov (United States)

Tedesco, Marília; Kuhn, Andrielle W; Frescura, Viviane Dal-Souto; Boligon, Aline A; Athayde, Margareth L; Tedesco, Solange B; Silva, Antonio C F DA

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and antigenotoxic activity of Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl. aqueous extracts on the cell cycle of Allium cepa L. as well as determine the phenolic compounds in such extracts. S. australis inflorescences and leaves of two accessions were used for aqueous extract preparation at concentrations: 0.003 g/ml and 0.012 g/ml. A. cepa bulbs were rooted in distilled water and, subsequently, placed in treatments for 24 hours. Rootlets were collected and fixed in modified Carnoy's solution for 24 hours and kept. The squash technique was performed for slide preparation. Root tips were smashed and stained with 2% acetic orcein, and a total of 4000 cells per treatment were analyzed. The phenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and data was analyzed using the Scott-Knott test. The results show that S. australis aqueous extracts have antiproliferative potential. Besides, the extracts prepared from S. australis leaves of both accessions at a concentration of 0.012 g/ml have shown antigenotoxic activity. The phytochemical analysis allowed us to determine the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, of which kaempferol and chrologenic acid were the most predominant compounds in the extracts from the inflorescences and leaves, respectively.

SUBSTRATOS E NÍVEIS DE LUMINOSIDADE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE Tocoyena formosa(Cham. & Schltdl. K. Schum. (RUBIACEAE

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Thaliny Bonamigo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the best substrate type and light conditions for the cultivation of seedlings of Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl. K. Schum. Seeds were planted in Styrofoam trays under 70% shading. Three months after emergence, the seedlings were selected and transplanted in 4-L pots, in two types of substrates: 50% dystroferric Red Latosol + 50% sand (TA and 50% dystroferric Red Latosol + 25% sand + 25% semi-decomposed chicken manure (TACF. After transplanting, the seedlings were placed under three conditions of shading (30, 50 and 70% shade and full sun (0% shade. After acclimation, the physiologic quality of the seedlings was determined monthly, by analysis of growth and Dickson quality index, for 270 days. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme (substrate x shading x age of seedling, with three repetitions of three seedlings. There was greater growth and quality of the seedlings in the substrate soil + sand + chicken manure and under conditions of 30% shade and full sun. It is concluded that for the production of seedlings of Tocoyena formosa, the best conditions are 30% shade and full sun for light and TACF for substrate.

Isolation of verbascoside and validation of method to standardize the crude extract of the aerial parts of Buddleja stachyoides Cham. and Schltdl. (Scrophulariaceae); Isolamento do verbacosideo e validacao de metodo analitico para padronizacao do extrato bruto das partes aereas de Buddleja stachyoides Cham. and Schltdl. (Scrophulariaceae)

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Oliveira, Daniella M.S. de; Miguel, Marilis D.; Kalegari, Milena; Miguel, Obdulio G.; Moreira, Thais F., E-mail: dani_mso@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Departamento de Farmacia

2014-04-15

Phenylpropanoid glycoside verbascoside was isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of Buddleja stachyoides Cham. and Schltdl. by {sup 1}H-NMR. A method using high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed and validated for determination of verbascoside in alcoholic crude extract of the aerial parts of B. stachyoides. Analysis was performed on a Phenomenex® Gemini-NX C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) using a mobile phase (pump A - aqueous solution containing H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} (0.01 M), H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} (0.4%), and (C{sub 2}H{sub 5}){sub 2}NH (0.4%); pump B - methanol:aqueous (95:5) solution containing H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} (0.05 M), H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} (2%), and (C{sub 2}H{sub 5}){sub 2}NH (0.2%); pump C - acetonitrile:aqueous (90:10) solution containing H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} (0.05 M) and H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} (2%)) and a diode array detector at 325 nm. The method was validated in accordance with ANVISA guidelines and may be applied to quality control of herbal medicine with aerial parts of B. stachyoides. (author)

Isolation of verbascoside and validation of method to standardize the crude extract of the aerial parts of Buddleja stachyoides Cham. and Schltdl. (Scrophulariaceae)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Daniella M.S. de; Miguel, Marilis D.; Kalegari, Milena; Miguel, Obdulio G.; Moreira, Thais F.

2014-01-01

Phenylpropanoid glycoside verbascoside was isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of Buddleja stachyoides Cham. and Schltdl. by 1 H-NMR. A method using high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed and validated for determination of verbascoside in alcoholic crude extract of the aerial parts of B. stachyoides. Analysis was performed on a Phenomenex® Gemini-NX C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) using a mobile phase (pump A - aqueous solution containing H 2 SO 4 (0.01 M), H 3 PO 4 (0.4%), and (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NH (0.4%); pump B - methanol:aqueous (95:5) solution containing H 2 SO 4 (0.05 M), H 3 PO 4 (2%), and (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NH (0.2%); pump C - acetonitrile:aqueous (90:10) solution containing H 2 SO 4 (0.05 M) and H 3 PO 4 (2%)) and a diode array detector at 325 nm. The method was validated in accordance with ANVISA guidelines and may be applied to quality control of herbal medicine with aerial parts of B. stachyoides. (author)

Immunomodulatory activity of extracts from Cordia superba Cham. and Cordia rufescens A. DC. (Boraginaceae, plant species native from Brazilian Semi-arid

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José Fernando Oliveira Costa

Full Text Available The family Boraginaceae is widely distributed in Brazil and in the Northeastern region some species are popularly used to treat symptoms of rheumatism, painful menstruation and dyspepsia. In this work we studied Cordia superba Cham. and C. rufescens A. DC., native from Brazilian Semi-arid region, in order to investigate their immunomodulatory activity. Six extracts were prepared from aerial parts of C. superba and C. rufescens. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using splenocytes from BALB/c mice. The immunomodulatory activity was determined by in vitro assays using activated mouse macrophages and lymphocytes. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c mice were stimulated with IFN-gamma and LPS in the presence/absence of the samples. The NO production was measured indirectly through Griess method. Three samples inhibited the production of nitric oxide in values near 50% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. To evaluate the effects of the extracts on lymphocytes, splenocytes from BALB/c mice were incubated with the samples and concanavalin A. Proliferation inhibition was determined by analysis of ³H-thymidine uptake. Samples from the two species had a strong inhibitory activity on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production. Two chloroform extracts prepared from aerial parts of C. rufescens had the lowest IC50 values (7.6 and 11.0 µg/mL.

Anatomia das raízes de Bacopa salzmanii (Benth. Wettst. Ex Edwall e Bacopa Monnierioides (Cham. Robinson (Scrophulariaceae em ambientes aquático e terrestre

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Bona Cleusa

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho enfoca a anatomia das raízes de Bacopa salzmanii (Benth. Wettst. Ex Edwall e B. monnierioides (Cham. Robinson e suas adaptações aos ambientes aquático e terrestre. Foram analisadas raízes adventícias das duas espécies, coletadas no Município de Bonito e no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul. As análises foram feitas do ápice à base da raiz, enfatizando a origem e desenvolvimento dos tecidos. O meristema apical apresenta a mesma estrutura nas duas espécies e não sofre alterações marcantes com a mudança do ambiente. Todos os tecidos se originam de três camadas distintas, na região do promeristema. A endoderme jovem é meristemática e dá origem ao córtex. O aerênquima é abundante e os septos podem conter espessamento em fi. A exoderme é unisseriada e composta por células curtas e longas. A coifa das duas espécies é pouco desenvolvida e apresenta estrutura semelhante nos dois ambientes.

CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Prunus brasiliensis (Cham. & Schltdl. D. Dietr. EM SUBSTRATOS À BASE DE LODO DE ESGOTO COMPOSTADO E FERTILIZANTE MINERAL

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Maurício Bergamini Scheer

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The increasing amount of solid waste generates the need for its use. An opportunity is the use of sewage sludge to attend the demand for alternative inputs in the agricultural and forestry practices. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the performance of Prunus brasiliensis (Cham. & Schltdl. D. Dietr. (pessegueiro - bravo grown on substrates prepared from aerobic sewage sludge composted with ground tree pruningand with different levels of a granulated fertilizer, and to compare its performance with those grown on commercial substrate, which is widely used in forest nurseries. The experiment was conducted in a shadehouse (from July/08 to Oct/08 and in an outdoor growing area (from Nov/08 to Feb/09 at Water and Sanitation Company of Paraná, located in Araucária, southern Brazil. Three different substrates were used: commercial substrate, consisting of composted pine bark and vermiculite, and 3:1 (v:v and 2:1 (v:v composted substrate based on crushed tree pruning and sewage sludge. The following variables were measured: seedling height, diameter and dry biomass of leaves and branches. The results showed higher growth rates of seedlings grown on substrates containing sewage sludge than on those grown on commercial substrate. Both composts with sewage sludge, using the two levels of fertilization (2.7 and 4 g dm-3, present similar results for the majority of the variables tested.

Lectotypifications of six taxa in the Boraginales (Cordiaceae and Heliotropiaceae)

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Feuillet, Christian

2016-01-01

Abstract A large number of specimens used as original material for the description of new species were destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium, B, in 1943. Six lectotypes are designated here for Cordia discolor Cham., Cordia multispicata Cham., Cordia tobagensis Urb. and its variety broadwayi Urb. in the Cordiaceae and for Tournefortia paniculata Cham. and Tournefortia ulei Vaupel in the Heliotropiaceae. PMID:27212885

FERTILIZACIÓN CON NITRÓGENO, FÓSFORO Y POTASIO EN UN LATIZAL DE Pinus patula Schl. et Cham.

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Martha O. Lázaro-Dzul

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Las masas forestales enfrentan el problema de productividad, la cual demanda que se incremente en cantidad y calidad. El crecimiento forestal depende de varios factores, entre ellos, el edáfico, que actúa sobre el árbol mediante el agua y los elementos minerales. Se incrementa la productividad forestal al mejorar la disponibilidad nutrimental mediante la fertilización. Consecuentemente, la finalidad de este trabajo fue estudiar la fertilización con nitrógeno (0, 138,185, fósforo (0, 15, 21 y potasio (0, 123,164 kg·ha-1 con relación al crecimiento de follaje nuevo, mediante un experimento factorial 33 en una plantación de Pinus patula Schl. et Cham. de 10 años de edad, en Aquixtla, Puebla, durante 2009-2010. La tasa relativa de crecimiento instantáneo (TCRI en volumen de follaje nuevo fue mejor (0.0255 mL·mL-1·día-1 con la dosis 185-0-0 kg·ha-1 de NPK, y la TCRI de peso seco fue mejor (0.0254 y 0.0249 g·g-1·día-1, respectivamente con las dosis 138-0-123 y 138-0-0. Se determinó deficiencia de nitrógeno, que se atribuyó a la acidez edáfica y a la lenta mineralización de la materia orgánica. La dosis recomendada para las condiciones edáficas y climáticas del sitio experimental fue 185-0-0 kg·ha-1 NPK para volumen de follaje nuevo y 138-0-0 kg·ha-1 de NPK para peso seco.

Effect of adding flours from marolo fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart and jerivá fruit (Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham Glassm on the physicals and sensory characteristics of food bars

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Edson Pablo da SILVA

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract The marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart. and jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham Glassm fruits grow in the Cerrado biome, and have important sensory and nutritional characteristics. These fruits are eaten fresh or processed and embedded in ice cream, candy, juices, and liquors. However, their use is very limited and is localized exclusively to their native region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of these fruits in food consumer products to improve the nutritional patterns of consumers and extend knowledge thereof. To do this, different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of flour derived from the marolo and jerivá fruits were incorporated into food bars, which were then characterized in terms of their physical of the texture (TPA, porosity, color and sensorial properties. The food bars enriched with marolo and jerivá flours had an intense yellow color and increased hardness relative to the control bars; the porosity of the bars progressively decreased as the amount of flour added increased. The sensorial analysis in the snack bars developed added with the fruits flour no was influence by incorporation this component, showed good averages for the scores evaluated.

Sandrine Ebakisse: Mixed messages — Communicating research in ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2015-02-20

Feb 20, 2015 ... “I realized it's the reason informal relationships with government officials are ... a Cameroonian non-governmental organization, found irregularities in a land ... In the second case, the Center for International Forestry Research ...

Diabetes and associated disorders in Cambodia: two epidemiological surveys.

Science.gov (United States)

King, Hilary; Keuky, Lim; Seng, Serey; Khun, Touch; Roglic, Gojka; Pinget, Michel

2005-11-05

The Asia-Pacific region is thought to be severely affected by diabetes. However, reliable, standardised data on prevalence and characteristics of glucose intolerance in Asian populations remain sparse. We describe the results of two field surveys undertaken in Cambodia in 2004. 2246 randomly selected adults aged 25 years and older were examined in two communities, one rural (Siemreap) and one semi-urban (Kampong Cham). The diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance was based on 2-h blood glucose estimation using criteria recommended by the latest report of a WHO Expert Group. Blood pressure, anthropometry, habitual diet, and other relevant characteristics were also recorded. Prevalence of diabetes was 5% in Siemreap and 11% in Kampong Cham. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was 10% in Siemreap and 15% in Kampong Cham. About two-thirds of all cases of diabetes were undiagnosed before the survey. Prevalence of hypertension was 12% at Siemreap and 25% at Kampong Cham. People in Kampong Cham had higher estimates of central obesity than those in Siemreap. Diabetes and hypertension are not uncommon in Cambodia. A quarter of all adults in the chosen suburban community had some degree of glucose intolerance. Since Cambodian society is relatively poor, and lifestyle is fairly traditional by international standards, these findings are unexpected.

Structurally Related Monoterpenes p-Cymene, Carvacrol and Thymol Isolated from Essential Oil from Leaves of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) Protect Mice against Elastase-Induced Emphysema.

Science.gov (United States)

Games, Ellen; Guerreiro, Marina; Santana, Fernanda R; Pinheiro, Nathalia M; de Oliveira, Emerson A; Lopes, Fernanda D T Q S; Olivo, Clarice R; Tibério, Iolanda F L C; Martins, Mílton A; Lago, João Henrique G; Prado, Carla M

2016-10-20

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction and inflammation. Natural products, such as monoterpenes, displayed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and can be used as a source of new compounds to COPD treatment. Our aim was to evaluate, in an elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, the effects of and underlying mechanisms of three related natural monoterpenes ( p -cymene, carvacrol and thymol) isolated from essential oil from leaves Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae). Mices received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and were treated with p -cymene, carvacrol, thymol or vehicle 30 min later and again on 7th, 14th and 28th days. Lung inflammatory profile and histological sections were evaluated. In the elastase-instilled animals, the tested monoterpenes reduced alveolar enlargement, macrophages and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and collagen fibers, MMP-9 and p-65-NF-κB-positive cells in lung parenchyma ( p < 0.05). All treatments attenuated levels of 8-iso-PGF2α but only thymol was able to reduced exhaled nitric oxide ( p < 0.05). Monoterpenes p -cymene, carvacrol and thymol reduced lung emphysema and inflammation in mice. No significant differences among the three monoterpenes treatments were found, suggesting that the presence of hydroxyl group in the molecular structure of thymol and carvacrol do not play a central role in the anti-inflammatory effects.

ESTABLECIMIENTO DE REGENERACIÓN DE Pinus patula Schl. et Cham., EN CORTAS BAJO EL MÉTODO DE ÁRBOLES PADRES

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M. Castelán-Lorenzo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el establecimiento de la regeneración de Pinus patula Schl. et Cham., en el Ejido La Mojonera, municipio de Zacualtipán, en el estado de Hidalgo, en áreas de bosque manejadas con el método de árboles padre. El Método de Desarrollo Silvícola (M.D.S., contempla un período de gracia de cinco años después de los aprovechamientos para que la regeneración se considere establecida. Con base en lo anterior, en este estudio se consideraron las seis anualidades siguientes: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 y 2002. Mediante sitios de muestreo ubicados al azar dentro de las áreas aprovechadas en las anualidades indicadas, se obtuvo información respecto a la densidad, altura total, diámetro de la base y diámetro de copa de la especie de interés a fin de determinar su crecimiento a través de los años. Los resultados indicaron que la regeneración se comporta de manera regular y uniforme en las seis áreas (anualidades evaluadas, considerándose como establecida a los cuatro años después del aprovechamiento, pues en este lapso, se presentó una densidad de 4,200 individuos por hectárea (superando la norma prefijada por el MDS de 2,500 individuos por hectárea, con una altura promedio de 2.7 m; un diámetro en la base promedio de 3.8 cm y un diámetro de copa promedio de 1.34 m. Para el caso de las anualidades 1997 y 1998, se encontró que la cobertura de copas rebasa ampliamente el parámetro establecido por los procedimientos de la evaluación, razón por la cual, en dichas áreas puede realizarse un preaclareo de hasta 40 %, encaminado a obtener una estructura deseada.

Levantamento de Tibouchina Aubl. (Melastomataceae no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Núcleo Curucutu – São Paulo. Survey of Tibouchina Aubl. (Melastomataceae at the Serra do Mar State Park – Curucutu Nucleous – São Paulo, Brazil.

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Cíntia Vieira da SILVA

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho consiste no levantamentodas espécies de Tibouchina Aubl. (Melastomataceaeocorrentes no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,Núcleo Curucutu, Estado de São Paulo. Foramregistradas sete espécies de Tibouchina:Tibouchina cerastifolia (Naud. Cogn., Tibouchinaclinopodifolia (DC. Cogn., T. fothergillae (DC.Cogn., T. pulchra (Cham. Cogn., T. sellowiana(Cham. Cogn., T. trichopoda (DC. Baill. eT. virgata (Gard. Cogn. Para reconhecimento dasespécies são apresentadas chave analítica, descrições,ilustrações, observações fenológicas, distribuiçãogeográfica e comentários.This work is a survey of the species ofTibouchina Aubl. (Melastomataceae at the Serra doMar State Park, Curucutu Nucleus, situated inSão Paulo State. Seven species were recordedfor Tibouchina: T. cerastifolia (Naud. Cogn.,T. clinopodifolia (DC Cogn., T. fothergillae (DC.Cogn., T. pulchra (Cham. Cogn., T. sellowiana(Cham. Cogn., T. trichopoda (DC. Baill.and T. virgata (Gard. Cogn. Analytical key,descriptions, illustrations, phenological observations,geographic distribution and comments on thespecies are presented.

Influência dos Fatores Ambientais e da Quantidade de Néctar na Atividade de Forrageio de Abelhas em Flores de Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham. DC. (Bignoniaceae

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Keila Silva

2013-12-01

Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the daily influence of environmental factors and the amount of nectar in the foraging frequency of bees on flowers Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham. DC. For this, a focal area was demarcated and registered foraging activity of bees in a 30-minute break for every hour from 6:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., in the flowers of this plant species during four non-consecutive days. Also was analyzed the nectar production and its consumption by visitors throughout the day. Data relating to temperature, relative humidity, luminosity, and wind speed were recorded at the beginning of each hour. To check if the frequencies of foraging the bee species were correlated with abiotic factors, tests of Pearson correlation were performed. Among the species recorded, Oxaea flavescens Klug had the highest number of foraging. The number of foraging during the day did not remain uniform, which makes to believe that foraging activity of bees suffered interference from environmental factors and the amount of nectar present in flowers of A. bracteatum. The effective pollinators were responsible for 51.6% of total visits per flower in A. bracteatum, while the robber’s resources totaled 33.1%, and only 15.3% of all visits were made by thieves’ resource. There was also foraging of ants and flies. Nectar present around the flower was sucked by ants, possibly conferring protection against robbery nectar. There were flies landing on the corolla of the flowers, but nectar and pollen were not collected.

Varia. (Miscellany).

Science.gov (United States)

Matthey, Marinette

1996-01-01

This collection of diverse research papers in linguistics includes: "La notion de tour de parole dans une perspective syntaxique" ("The Notion of Turn Taking from a Syntactic Perspective") (Jean-Marc Luscher, Sandrine Piaget, Christian Rubattel); "'Si tu me fais honneur d'un p'tit telephone demain matin ben je suis…

Erratum REML estimates of genetic parameters of sexual ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

dimorphism for wing and thorax length in. Drosophila melanogaster. Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau, Jean David, Patricia Gibert, Hélène Legout, Georges Pétavy, Brigitte Moreteau and Catherine Beaumont. J. Genet. 83, 163–170. The printed article (August 2004 issue) has a wrong figure 5. The correct figure 5 is printed below.

Isolamento do verbacosídeo e validação de método analítico para padronização do extrato bruto das partes aéreas de Buddleja stachyoides Cham. & Schltdl. (Scrophulariaceae

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Daniella M. S. de Oliveira

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Phenylpropanoid glycoside verbascoside was isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of Buddleja stachyoides Cham. & Schltdl. by 1H-NMR. A method using high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed and validated for determination of verbascoside in alcoholic crude extract of the aerial parts of B. stachyoides. Analysis was performed on a Phenomenex® Gemini-NX C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 µm using a mobile phase (pump A - aqueous solution containing H2SO4 (0.01 M, H3PO4 (0.4%, and (C2H52NH (0.4%; pump B - methanol:aqueous (95:5 solution containing H2SO4 (0.05 M, H3PO4 (2%, and (C2H52NH (0.2%; pump C - acetonitrile:aqueous (90:10 solution containing H2SO4 (0.05 M and H3PO4 (2% and a diode array detector at 325 nm. The method was validated in accordance with ANVISA guidelines and may be applied to quality control of herbal medicine with aerial parts of B. stachyoides.

Caracterização farmacobotânica das espécies de Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae utilizadas como medicinais no Brasil: Parte II. Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl.

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Eliana Nunes

Full Text Available Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl. (sabugueiro-do-rio-grande, Caprifoliaceae é uma planta medicinal descrita apenas na primeira edição da Farmacopéia Brasileira. A espécie é nativa no Brasil, e suas flores são utilizadas na medicina popular, na forma de infusão ou decocção, como diuréticas, antipiréticas, antiinflamatórias, laxativo leve e no tratamento de doenças do aparelho respiratório. Visando elaborar uma monografia farmacopéica atualizada e comparativa com a de Sambucus nigra L., de origem européia, foram estabelecidos os caracteres botânicos macro e microscópicos, através da metodologia clássica utilizada em morfoanatomia vegetal. São características macroscópicas: flores morfologicamente monoclinas; corola de sete a dez milímetros de diâmetro; pétalas com cinco, raro quatro nervuras paralelas; estames curtos e longos; gineceu em regra com cinco lóculos. São características microscópicas: cutícula espessa e estriada; ausência de idioblastos de areia cristalina de oxalato de cálcio; estômatos anomocíticos; brácteas anfiestomáticas; sépalas hipoestomáticas; pétalas anfi-hipoestomáticas; células epidérmicas da face abaxial de sépalas e pétalas retilíneas a sinuosas; células epidérmicas do filete alongadas e de paredes retilíneas; tricomas tectores e glandulares de diferentes tipos; brácteas, sépalas e pétalas com mesofilo homogêneo; sistema vascular representado por feixes colaterais ou agrupamentos de elementos xilemáticos; presença de gotas lipídicas em todas as peças.

Floral visitors and reproductive strategies in five melittophilous species of Bignoniaceae in Southeastern Brazil

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Yuriko A. N. Pinto Yanagizawa

2007-11-01

Full Text Available In order to evaluate the pollination strategies of Bignoniaceae, the floral biology and the floral visitors in five species, three cerrado shrubs (Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC. Bor., Jacaranda decurrens Cham., and Jacaranda oxyphylla Cham., and two lianas from the border of a semideciduous seasonal forest (Arrabidaea samydoides (Cham. Sandw., and Arrabidaea triplinervia H. Baill. were studied in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. The flowering periods were partially overlapping, especially between species in the same habitat. All the five species were functionally allogamous, melittophilous, nototribic and mainly pollinated by long tongued large bees. Some medium-sized and small pollen-foraging bees were occasional legitimate visitors, whereas others visitors were robbers/thieves. Each species showed a particular set of pollinators. Only two pollinator species were observed in more than one bignon. There was no partition of pollinators even among the species of bignons blooming at the same time at the same habitat.Com objetivo de avaliar as estratégias de polinização de espécies de Bignoniaceae, foram estudados a biologia floral e os visitantes florais de cinco espécies, três arbustivas do cerrado (Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC. Bor., Jacaranda decurrens Cham. e Jacaranda oxyphylla Cham. e duas lianas da orla da floresta estacional semidecidual (Arrabidaea samydoides (Cham. Sandw. e Arrabidaea triplinervia H. Baill., na região de Botucatu (22º52'20" S e 48(026'37" W, estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Os períodos de florescimento, principalmente entre espécies do mesmo habitat, apresentaram sobreposição parcial. Observou-se que as cinco espécies são alogâmicas funcionais, melitófilas, nototríbicas, polinizadas principalmente por abelhas grandes de língua comprida. Algumas abelhas coletoras de pólen de tamanho médio e pequeno atuaram como polinizadoras ocasionais, enquanto outros visitantes foram pilhadores. Cada

Biochemical and genetic variation of some Syrian wheat varieties using NIR, RAPD and AFLPs techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saleh, B.

2012-01-01

This study was performed to assess chemical components and genetic variability of five Syrian wheat varieties using NIR, RAPD and AFLP techniques. NIR technique showed that Cham6 was the best variety in term of wheat grain quality due to their lowest protein (%), hardness, water uptake and baking volume and the highest starch (%) compared to the other tested varieties. PCR amplifications with 21 RAPD primers and 13 AFLP PCs primer combinations gave 104 and 466 discernible loci of which 24 (18.823%) and 199 (45.527%) were polymorphic for the both techniques respectively. Our data indicated that the three techniques gave similar results regarding the degree of relatedness among the tested varieties. In the present investigation, AFLP fingerprinting was more efficient than the RAPD assay. Where the letter exhibited lower Marker Index (MI) average (0.219) compared to AFLP one (3.203). The pattern generated by RAPD, AFLPs markers or by NIR separated the five wheat varieties into two groups. The first group consists of two subclusters. The first subcluster involved Cham8 and Bohous6, while the second one includes Cham6 that is very closed to precedent varieties. The second group consists of Bohous9 and Cham7 that were also closely related. Based on this study, the use of NIR, RAPD and AFLP techniques could be a powerful tool to detect the effectiveness relationships of these technologies. (author)

Cine club

CERN Multimedia

Cine club

2016-01-01

Wednesday 13 July 2016 at 20:00 CERN Council Chamber The PHD Movie (Piled Higher and Deeper) Directed by Vahe Gabuchian; Writer : Jorge Cham USA, 2011, 67 minutes 'Piled Higher and Deeper (PHD)' is a live-action adaptation of the popular web comic strip by Jorge Cham. With humor and heart, the film follows the personal journeys of two graduate students as they struggle to find their place in the confusing (and often hilarious) world of high-stakes Academic research. Original version English The PHD Movie 2 (Piled Higher and Deeper: Still in Grad School) Directed by Iram Parveen Bilal; Writer : Jorge Cham USA, 2015, 80 minutes A comedy about life (or the lack thereof) in Academia. Two young scientists (a Quantum Physicist and a Molecular Biologist) search for significance in the high stakes world of Academic research. Original version English Wednesday 20 July 2016 at 20:00 CERN Council Chamber Particle Fever   Directed by Mark Levinson USA, 2013, 99 minutes Follow six scientists...

Lex mercatoria in international arbitration theory and practice

OpenAIRE

ELCIN, Mert

2012-01-01

Defence date: 26 November 2012 Examining Board: Professor Fabrizio Cafaggi (EUI Supervisor) Professor Francesco Francioni (EUI) Professor Sandrine Clavel Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin Professor Fabrizio Marrella Università Cà Foscari di Venezia. First made available online: 2 August 2016 This dissertation suggests a new theory of lex mercatoria that takes into account the complex and spontaneous order of international commerce. Since the emphasis is put on the nature of t...

Anatomía foliar y caulinar en especies de Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae Foliar and caulinar anatomy in species of Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria De Las Mercedes Sosa

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Se describe la estructura anatómica foliar y caulinar en el género Stemodia. Son consideradas siete especies: S. ericifolia (Kuntze K. Schum., S. hyptoides Cham. & Schltdl., S. lanceolata Benth., S. lobelioides Lehm., S. palustris A. St.-Hil., S. stricta Cham. & Schltdl. y S. verticillata (Mill. Hassl. Se hallaron diferencias en la epidermis foliar, donde hay variación en el tipo de estomas y de tricomas, y en la forma de las papilas epidérmicas; también en la estructura del mesofilo. Se describen e ilustran cuatro tipos de tricomas considerando si son o no glandulares y el número de células que lo conforman. El estudio de la anatomía caulinar mostró diferencias en cuanto a la presencia de aerénquima cortical y de laguna medular, y el porcentaje de espacios en el aerénquima cortical.Comparative anatomical studies of the leaves and stems on the genus Stemodia are presented. Seven species are considered: S. ericifolia (Kuntze K. Schum., S. hyptoides Cham. & Schltdl., S. lanceolata Benth., S. lobelioides Lehm., S. palustris A. St.-Hil., S. stricta Cham. & Schltdl. and S. verticillata (Mill. Hassl. There are variation in the stomatal and trichome types, form of the papillae and mesophyll structure. Four trichome types are described and illustrated considering if they are glandular or non-glandular and the number of cells. The stems present a quite homogeneous anatomical structure. Some differences in the amount and distribution of the aerenchyma and the size of the intercellular spaces are observed.

LOBELIA (CAMPANULACEAE - LOBELIOIDEAE: NUEVAS CITAS Y CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES ARGENTINAS

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Jorge G. Chiapella

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Se registra por primera vez en la Argentina la presencia de Lobelia aquatica Cham., L. hassleri Zahlbr. y L. nummularioides Cham. var. prostrata (Zahlbr. E. Wimm., dos especies encontradas anteriormente sólo en la provincia de Misiones, están ahora registradas para Corrientes. La presencia de L. nana L. H.B.K. var. nana en la Argentina también es confirmada. Se proveen descripciones e ilustraciones para L. aquatica y L. nummularioides var. prostrata. Se incluye también una clave para la identificación de las seis especies presentes en el país.

Fishers and Territorial Anxieties in China and Vietnam: Narratives of the South China Sea Beyond the Frame of the Nation

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Edyta Roszko

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In the geopolitical conflict over the South China Sea (SCS, fishers are at the center of Chinese and Vietnamese cartographic imaginations that define the sea as either “Chinese” or “Vietnamese” and hence tied to the disputed territories of the Paracel and Spratly Islands. While their historical presence and customary fishing rights in the SCS have been much publicized in the context of this territorial dispute, the long-standing Cham seafaring trade networks and legacy are ignored by both countries. The ethnic and national categories of Cham, Việt, and Han intersect with occupational categories such as those of fisher, trader, shipbuilder, sailor, and pirate, which in the past represented shifting, relational, and situational activities by the same people. The contemporary use of such professional and national labels produces particular political effects by projecting recent closures and enclosures onto the past, in spite of the common historical, cultural, and ethnic flows that always existed in the SCS. Rather than aiming to legitimize or delegitimize Vietnam’s or China’s territorial claims to the SCS, this article argues that seafaring narratives should be liberated from abstract, anachronistic discourses of sovereignty, territoriality, and territorial anxieties that separate the interconnected histories of the Cham, Vietnamese, and Chinese.

Avaliação in vivo do efeito hipocolesterolêmico e toxicológico preliminar do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico e decocção da Vitex megapotamica (Spreng Moldenke (V. montevidensis Cham.

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Anna Paula Brandt

Full Text Available As doenças cardiovasculares (DC estão, de modo geral, associadas a elevados níveis séricos de lipídeos, atingindo homens e mulheres, sem distinção de idade. Entre as propriedades atribuídas pela medicina popular à Vitex megapotamica (Spreng Moldenke (V. montevidensis Cham -Tarumã estão a de reduzir os níveis séricos de colesterol e triglicerídeo. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o potencial hipocolesterolêmico e hipolipidêmico da V. megapotamica, bem como fazer um estudo toxicológico preliminar. Para tanto, foi realizada indução hiperlipidêmica usando um modelo que preconiza o emprego de propiltiuracil 1,25 mg/300 g de peso e colesterol 200 mg/kg de peso, aplicados via oral em ratos machos pesando 300 ± 10 g. Foi administrado, por via oral, aos animais hiperlipidêmicos previamente induzidos 300 mg/kg de extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de V. megapotamica ou 300 mL da decocção da casca da planta. Após o final de cada tratamento, o perfil lipídico foi ensaiado, bem como os níveis de glicose, quando relevante. Nossos resultados confirmaram o efeito hipolipidêmico do extrato hidroalcoólico e da decocção pela redução dos níveis séricos de colesterol e triacilglicerol nas concentrações, via e forma utilizadas. Além disso, foi possível verificar que não houve lesão cardíaca, hepática ou renal pelo extrato e decocção utilizados nas avaliações toxicológicas preliminares ensaiadas.

Objetos rituales e identidad

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Monserrat Ventura i Oller

2000-12-01

Full Text Available El chamanismo especialmente en las sociedades indígenas de América del Sur, se ha caracterizado por un complejo sistema de intercambio interétnico material y simbólico. Como parte de este sistema, los objetos utilizados en los rituales chamánicos no pueden ser interpretados a partir del significado que les otorga cada cultura particular de la que son originarios. Sino que deben ser analizados a partir del significado que cada cultura receptora da a su mundo sobrenatural, que es usualmente representado por formas materiales variables y diversas. Este tema será ilustrado con la etnografía del grupo indígena Tsachila del Ecuador, que despliega una extensa y compleja red de intercambios chamánicos.

Assessing mixed trace elements in groundwater and their health risk of residents living in the Mekong River basin of Cambodia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phan, Kongkea; Phan, Samrach; Huoy, Laingshun; Suy, Bunseang; Wong, Ming Hung; Hashim, Jamal Hisham; Mohamed Yasin, Mohamed Salleh; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Sthiannopkao, Suthipong; Kim, Kyoung-Woong

2013-01-01

We investigated the potential contamination of trace elements in shallow Cambodian groundwater. Groundwater and hair samples were collected from three provinces in the Mekong River basin of Cambodia and analyzed by ICP-MS. Groundwater from Kandal (n = 46) and Kraite (n = 12) were enriched in As, Mn, Ba and Fe whereas none of tube wells in Kampong Cham (n = 18) had trace elements higher than Cambodian permissible limits. Risk computations indicated that 98.7% and 12.4% of residents in the study areas of Kandal (n = 297) and Kratie (n = 89) were at risk of non-carcinogenic effects from exposure to multiple elements, yet none were at risk in Kampong Cham (n = 184). Arsenic contributed 99.5%, 60.3% and 84.2% of the aggregate risk in Kandal, Kratie and Kampong Cham, respectively. Sustainable and appropriate treatment technologies must therefore be implemented in order for Cambodian groundwater to be used as potable water. -- Highlights: •We investigated the potential contamination of trace elements in Cambodian groundwater. •Residents of Kandal (98.7%) and Kratie (12.4%) were at risk of non-carcinogenic effects. •Significant positive correlation between As, Mn and Ba in groundwater and hair were found. -- Risk assessment indicated that 98.7% of residents in Kandal and 12.4% of Kratie study areas were at risk of non-carcinogenic effects of multiple elements in groundwater

A cost function analysis of child health services in four districts in Malawi.

Science.gov (United States)

Johns, Benjamin; Munthali, Spy; Walker, Damian G; Masanjala, Winford; Bishai, David

2013-05-10

Recent analyses show that donor funding for child health is increasing, but little information is available on actual costs to deliver child health care services. Understanding how unit costs scale with service volume in Malawi can help planners allocate budgets as health services expand. Data on facility level inputs and outputs were collected at 24 health centres in four districts of Malawi visiting a random sample of government and a convenience sample of Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health centres. In the cost function, total outputs, quality, facility ownership, average salaries and case mix are used to predict total cost. Regression analysis identifies marginal cost as the coefficient relating cost to service volume intensity. The marginal cost per patient seen for all health centres surveyed was US$ 0.82 per additional patient visit. Average cost was US$ 7.16 (95% CI: 5.24 to 9.08) at government facilities and US$ 10.36 (95% CI: 4.92 to 15.80) at CHAM facilities per child seen for any service. The first-line anti-malarial drug accounted for over 30% of costs, on average, at government health centres. Donors directly financed 40% and 21% of costs at government and CHAM health centres, respectively. The regression models indicate higher total costs are associated with a greater number of outpatient visits but that many health centres are not providing services at optimal volume given their inputs. They also indicate that CHAM facilities have higher costs than government facilities for similar levels of utilization. We conclude by discussing ways in which efficiency may be improved at health centres. The first option, increasing the total number of patients seen, appears difficult given existing high levels of child utilization; increasing the volume of adult patients may help spread fixed and semi-fixed costs. A second option, improving the quality of services, also presents difficulties but could also usefully improve performance.

At the boundary of knowledge

Science.gov (United States)

Bhatia, Aatish

2017-09-01

We Have No Idea by Jorge Cham - the artist behind the popular PHD Comics - and particle physicist Daniel Whiteson bills itself as "a guide to the unknown universe". It's a kind of encyclopedia of ignorance.

Dar Sentido à Experiência do Gesto na Classe Técnica: um olhar sobre a prática de quatro professoras no Quebec

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Johanna Bienaise

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina o ensino da classe técnica contemporânea na formação pré-profissional no Quebec em um contexto de heterogeneidade das práticas coreográficas. Analisa-se mais especificamente o testemunho de quatro artistas professores: Kelly Keenan, Manon Levac, Sandrine Vachon e Jamie Wright. Essa análise destaca suas filosofias de ensino e as escolhas pedagógicas que conduzem essas educadoras a uma abordagem do movimento corporal ao mesmo tempo estruturada e sensível, em uma relação constantemente renovada com seus estudantes.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 101 - 150 of 157 ... Vol 7, No 1 (2008), Regression and additive main effects and multiple ... In vitro evaluation of antagonistic potential activity and assay of culture .... Timber seasoning and density characterstics of Cordia alliodora Cham.

Iridoids and phenylpropanoid glucosides from Agalinis communis (Cham. & Schlecht) D'Arcy and Scoparia ericacea Cham. (Scrophulariaceae)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

von Poser, Gilsane Lino; Henriques, Amélia T.; Schripsema, Jan

1996-01-01

In this work we report the isolation of iridoid glucosides from two species of Scrophulariaceae. From the aerial parts of Scoparia ericacea geniposidic acid, geniposide, scandoside methylester, shanzhiside methylester, caryoptoside and the phenylpropanoid glucoside verbascoside were isolated...

A new species of Callispa Baly (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Callispini) infesting coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera L.) in India

Science.gov (United States)

Shameem, K. M.; Prathapan, K. D.

2013-01-01

Abstract Callispa keram sp. n. infesting coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) in Kerala, India is described and illustrated. Livistona chinensis R.Br. and Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman are reported as additional host plants. PMID:23653522

R-ES-ONAN--CE

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

ment with Deep Blue, the current computer chess cham- pion. ... that branch of computer science dealing with symbolic ... machine which could beat any human being in 10 years. It turned .... Some questions are difficult to answer. Will there be ...

Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) seed quality in relation to seed ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jane

2011-07-18

Jul 18, 2011 ... bottles were seal-locked and kept in the accelerated ageing cham- ber at three ... Hundred (100) seeds of each treatment were performed in plastic ..... by heat stress: the activation state of Rubisco as a limiting factor in.

Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems

OpenAIRE

Harald Pauli

2016-01-01

Reviewed: Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems By Münir Öztürk, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, I. Faridah-Hanum and Efe. Recep, Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2015. xvii + 696 pp. US$ 239.00. ISBN 978-3-319-12858-0.

Evaluation, partial characterization and purification of acetylcholine esterase enzyme and antiangiogenic activity from marine sponges

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Maushmi Shailesh Kumar

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Objective: To test three marine sponges Halichondria glabrata Keller, 1891; Spirastrella pachyspira (S. pachyspira Levi, 1958 and Cliona lobata Hancock, 1849 for the presence of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE in both young and developed samples from western coastal area of India. S. pachyspira methanolic extract was selected for anti/pro angiogenic activity. Methods: They were evaluated for AChE activity using Ellman’s assay based on production of yellow colored 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate. Purification of the enzyme was planned using ammonium sulphate precipitation and characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chorioallantoic membrane (ChAM assay model was used for angiogenic/ antiangiogenic testing. Results: All the three sponges showed good specific enzyme activity and S. pachyspira contained maximum specific enzyme activity. Sixty percent of ammonium sulphate precipitation of crude protein sample gave single band at 66 kDa corresponding to the true AChE. ChAM assay was performed at 62.5, 125.0 and 250.0 µg/mL. Dosage beyond 250 µg/mL extract showed toxic response with anti angiogenic activity at all the concentrations. Conclusions: AChE activity was detected in all samples. Extract showed good anti-angiogenic response at 62.5 µg/mL. Extract was highly toxic affecting microvasculature of ChAM as well as normal growth and development of the embryo at 500 µg/mL. With further characterization of bioactive compounds from the extract of S. pachyspira, the compounds can be developed for anti tumor activity.

Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems

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Harald Pauli

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Reviewed: Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems By Münir Öztürk, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, I. Faridah-Hanum and Efe. Recep, Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2015. xvii + 696 pp. US$ 239.00. ISBN 978-3-319-12858-0.

Modulation of CYPs, P-gp, and PXR by Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) and its alkaloids

Science.gov (United States)

Eschscholzia californica Cham., a native US plant, is traditionally used as a sedative, analgesic and anxiolytic herb. With the rapid rise in the use of herbal supplements together with over the counter (OTC) and prescription drugs, the risk for potential herb-drug interactions is also increasing. M...

The Nature of the Genocide in Cambodia (Kampuchea).

Science.gov (United States)

Kiernan, Ben

1991-01-01

Gives an historical overview of Cambodia during the Pol Pot regime. Describes the genocide that attempted to eradicate Buddhist monks, Vietnamese, Chinese, and Muslim Chams between 1975 and 1979. Argues the regime should still be held accountable and that the case should be tried in the World Court. (NL)

Growth models for Pinus patula in Angola | Delgado-Matas ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study developed growth models for Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. for the Central Highlands of Angola for simulating the development of stand characteristics. The model set included dominant height, individual-tree diameter increment, individual-tree height and self-thinning models. The study was based ...

Abies religiosa habitat prediction in climatic change scenarios and implications for monarch butterfly conservation in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Cuauhtemoc Saenz-Romero; Gerald E. Rehfeldt; Pierre Duval; Roberto A. Lindig-Cisneros

2012-01-01

Abies religiosa (HBK) Schl. & Cham. (oyamel fir) is distributed in conifer-dominated mountain forests at high altitudes along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. This fir is the preferred host for overwintering monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) migratory populations which habitually congregate within a few stands now located inside a Monarch Butterfly Biosphere...

Chemical composition of medicinal plants used as auxiliary ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The objective of this study was to find substances of pharmacological interest in a variety of medicinal plants, such as Aloe vera (L.) Burm. (aloe), Simaba ferruginea St. Hil. (calunga), Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC (carqueja), Garcinia cambogia Desr. and Tournefortia paniculata Cham. (Marmelinho), to aid in the treatment of ...

Dietary exposure and human risk assessment of phthalate esters based on total diet study in Cambodia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, Zhang; Li, Han-Han; Wang, Hong-sheng; Zhu, Xue-Mei; Sthiannopkao, Suthipong; Kim, Kyoung-Woong; Yasin, Mohamed Salleh Mohamed; Hashim, Jamal Hisham; Wong, Ming-Hung

2016-01-01

Phthalate esters are used in a wide variety of consumer products, and human exposure to this class of compounds is widespread. Nevertheless, studies on dietary exposure of human to phthalates are limited. In this study, to assess the daily intakes of phthalate esters and the possible adverse health impacts, different food samples were collected from three areas of Cambodia, one of the poorest countries in the world. The ∑phthalate ester concentrations in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal provinces ranged from 0.05 to 2.34 (median 0.88) μg g −1 , 0.19–1.65 (median 0.86) μg g −1 and 0.24–3.05 (median 0.59) μg g −1 wet weight (ww), respectively. Di-2-Ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were the predominant compounds among all foodstuffs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalate esters for the general population in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal was 34.3, 35.6 and 35.8 μg kg −1 bw d −1 , respectively. The dietary daily intake of DEHP, benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal were below the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) imposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and reference doses (RfD) imposed by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Rice contributed the greatest quantity of DEHP to the daily intake in Cambodia so may deserve further exploration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the occurrence and the daily intakes of phthalate esters in Cambodia. - Highlights: • Phthalate esters concentration in daily foodstuffs collected from Cambodia. • Investigate the bioaccessbility of phthalate esters via the foodstuffs consumption. • Health risk evaluation of dietary exposure to phthalate esters.

Dietary exposure and human risk assessment of phthalate esters based on total diet study in Cambodia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheng, Zhang; Li, Han-Han [College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 (China); Wang, Hong-sheng [Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006 (China); Zhu, Xue-Mei [College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 (China); Sthiannopkao, Suthipong [Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan (China); Kim, Kyoung-Woong [School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Yasin, Mohamed Salleh Mohamed; Hashim, Jamal Hisham [United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Wong, Ming-Hung, E-mail: minghwong@ied.edu.hk [Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong (China); School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou (China)

2016-10-15

Phthalate esters are used in a wide variety of consumer products, and human exposure to this class of compounds is widespread. Nevertheless, studies on dietary exposure of human to phthalates are limited. In this study, to assess the daily intakes of phthalate esters and the possible adverse health impacts, different food samples were collected from three areas of Cambodia, one of the poorest countries in the world. The ∑phthalate ester concentrations in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal provinces ranged from 0.05 to 2.34 (median 0.88) μg g{sup −1}, 0.19–1.65 (median 0.86) μg g{sup −1} and 0.24–3.05 (median 0.59) μg g{sup −1} wet weight (ww), respectively. Di-2-Ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were the predominant compounds among all foodstuffs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalate esters for the general population in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal was 34.3, 35.6 and 35.8 μg kg{sup −1} bw d{sup −1}, respectively. The dietary daily intake of DEHP, benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal were below the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) imposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and reference doses (RfD) imposed by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Rice contributed the greatest quantity of DEHP to the daily intake in Cambodia so may deserve further exploration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the occurrence and the daily intakes of phthalate esters in Cambodia. - Highlights: • Phthalate esters concentration in daily foodstuffs collected from Cambodia. • Investigate the bioaccessbility of phthalate esters via the foodstuffs consumption. • Health risk evaluation of dietary exposure to phthalate esters.

Taxonomia do gênero Heliotropium L. (Heliotropiaceae no Brasil Taxonomy of the genus Heliotropium L. (Heliotropiaceae in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Iranildo Miranda de Melo

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico do gênero Heliotropium L. no Brasil. Foram encontradas nove espécies e duas variedades: H. amplexicaule Vahl, H. angiospermum Murray, H. curassavicum L., H. curassavicum var. argentinum I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum (Lehm. I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum var. burchellii I.M. Johnst., H. indicum L., H. leiocarpum Morong, H. nicotianaefolium Poir.,H. phylicoides Cham. e H. transalpinum Vell. São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre afinidades baseados na morfologia e dados de distribuição para as espécies.The taxonomy of the genus Heliotropium L. in Brazil was studied, revealing nine species and two varieties: H. amplexicaule Vahl, H. angiospermum Murray, H. curassavicum L., H. curassavicum var. argentinum I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum (Lehm. I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum var. burchellii I.M. Johnst., H. indicum L., H. leiocarpum Morong, H. nicotianaefolium Poir., H. phylicoides Cham. and H. transalpinum Vell. Descriptions, illustrations, comments on relationships based on morphology and data on species distribution are presented.

Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya: Contributions Toward Future Earth Initiatives

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Joseph Shea

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Reviewed: Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya: Contributions Toward Future Earth Initiatives. Edited by R. B. Singh, Udo Schickhoff, and Suraj Mal. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. xvi + 399 pp. Hardcover: US$ 179.00, ISBN 978-3-319-28975-5. E-book: US$ 139.00, ISBN 978-3-319-28977-9.

Fitossociologia do componente arbóreo na floresta turfosa do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Phytosociology of the tree component in a peat forest of the National Park Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lúcia Patrícia Pereira Dorneles

2004-12-01

Full Text Available A composição florística e a estrutura do componente arbóreo foram analisadas na floresta de restinga turfosa do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe (31º04' - 31º29'S, 50º461 - 51º09'W, localizado na região central da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O componente arbóreo foi amostrado pelo método de quadrantes centrados, incluindo indivíduos com DAP mínimo de 5cm. Foram amostrados 60 pontos, distribuídos ao longo de quatro transectos paralelos, aproximadamente com a mesma orientação NE-SW do sistema lagunar. A composição florística resultou em 14 famílias, 18 gêneros e 21 espécies. A densidade arbórea total estimada para um hectare foi de 3.479 indivíduos. A família com maior riqueza específica foi Myrtaceae. As espécies mais importantes foram Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassman, Myrcia multiflora (Lam. DC., Ilex pseudobuxus Reissek, Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. e Dendropanax cuneatum Decne. & Planch. A diversidade específica estimada pelo índice de Shannon (H' foi de 2,601 nats.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J de 0,854, similar aos resultados obtidos em outros estudos realizados em florestas brejosas ou turfosas do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil.Floristic composition and structure of the tree component were analyzed in a coastal peat forest of the National Park Lagoa do Peixe (31º04' - 31º29'S, 50º46' - 51º09'W, located in the central region of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The tree component was sampled according to the point-centered quarter method, including individuals with a minimum DBH of 5cm. Sixty sample points were distributed along four parallel transects, approximately with the same NE-SW orientation as the lagoon system. Floristic composition resulted in 14 families, 18 genera and 21 species. The total tree density estimated for one hectare was 3,479 individuals. The family with highest species richness was Myrtaceae. The most important species were Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham

JPRS Report, Science & Technology Europe

Science.gov (United States)

1988-07-27

commercialisation . Japan and the United States have become the undisputed world cham- pions in computer-generated images and image synthe- sis. Yet this...Aachen (FRG), and is benefiting from support under the EEC-COMETT [Community Program for Education and Teaching in the Field of Technology] programme...nications], DGA [General Delegation to Armament], Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Research and Higher Education ) and 15 percent by industrial

印地与冠军方程式签署合并协议

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2008-01-01

美国当地时间2月22日晚，美国两大方程式系列——冠军方程式（ChamP Car）和印地赛车联盟（Indy Racing League）宣布签署合并协议，两项赛事将从2008年起正式合并。

Geomechanical Assessments of Simultaneous Operation in the Case of Transition from Open Pit to Underground Mine in Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

Niedbalski, Zbigniew; Nguyen, Phu Minh Vuong; Widzyk-Capehart, Eleonora

2018-03-01

Nowadays, for a number of reasons, many open pit mines are considering a transition from Open Pit (OP) to Underground (UG) to remain competitive. In OP-UG transition, UG operation is operated simultaneously with the OP operation for a certain period of time. Guidelines for the simultaneous operation of OP and UG are very difficult to establish, as there are very few case studies available. Yet, because of the OP-UG interactions; the operation has a higher safety, technical and management requirements than the OP or UG methods when considered separately. In Vietnam, Cao Son is one of many OP mines, which decided to change the operational system from OP to UG. Simultaneous operation started in 2015 and will be conducted until 2030 when the OP mine Cao Son ends its mining activities. In this paper, selected geomechanical considerations of the simultaneous operation are presented. A number of numerical modelling calculations using finitedifference software with code FLAC were carried out for calibration process, slope stability analysis and the OP-UG interaction analysis for the Cao Son - Khe Cham II-IV mine. Based on the results obtained from numerical modelling, the geomechanical assessments of simultaneous operation Cao Son - Khe Cham II-IV are discussed in this paper.

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens

OpenAIRE

M.A. Botelho; N.A.P. Nogueira; G.M. Bastos; S.G.C. Fonseca; T.L.G. Lemos; F.J.A. Matos; D. Montenegro; J. Heukelbach; V.S. Rao; G.A.C. Brito

2007-01-01

Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commerc...

RELACIONAMENTO VIRTUAL: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DA TEORIA ARISTOTÉLICA DA AMIZADE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joelson Nascimento

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse artigo é refletir sobre um meio de comunicação muito em voga naatualidade, o ORKUT, a partir das distinções de Aristóteles sobre a amizade. Esses chamados “amigos”do ORKUT o são no sentido próprio da palavra? Se não o são no sentido estrito do termo, aindaassim poderemos chamá-los “amigos”?

Promoting universal financial protection: contracting faith-based health facilities to expand access--lessons learned from Malawi.

Science.gov (United States)

Chirwa, Maureen L; Kazanga, Isabel; Faedo, Giulia; Thomas, Stephen

2013-08-19

Public-private collaborations are increasingly being utilized to universalize health care. In Malawi, the Ministry of Health contracts selected health facilities owned by the main faith-based provider, the Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM), to deliver care at no fee to the most vulnerable and underserved populations in the country through Service Level Agreements (SLAs). This study examined the features of SLAs and their effectiveness in expanding universal coverage. The study involved a policy analysis focusing on key stakeholders around SLAs as well as a case study approach to analyse how design and implementation of SLAs affect efficiency, equity and sustainability of services delivered by SLAs. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods to address the research questions and was conducted in five CHAM health facilities: Mulanje Mission, Holy Family, and Mtengowanthenga Hospitals, and Mabiri and Nkope Health Centres. National and district level decision makers were interviewed while providers and clients associated with the health facilities were surveyed on their experiences. A total of 155 clients from an expected 175 were recruited in the study. The study findings revealed key aspects of how SLAs were operating, the extent to which their objectives were being attained and why. In general, the findings demonstrated that SLAs had the potential to improve health and universal health care coverage, particularly for the vulnerable and underserved populations. However, the findings show that the performance of SLAs in Malawi were affected by various factors including lack of clear guidelines, non-revised prices, late payment of bills, lack of transparency, poor communication, inadequate human and material resources, and lack of systems to monitor performance of SLAs, amongst others. There was strong consensus and shared interest between the government and CHAM regarding SLAs. It was clear that free services provided by SLAs had

Election of the new Executive Committee: Combining continuity and renewal

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2015-01-01

In agreement with the Staff Association’s Statutes the new Staff Council elected on Tuesday, 8 December, a new President and his Executive Committee for a two-year mandate 2016–2017. Alessandro Raimondo, the only candidate for president, presented a list of delegates for an Executive Committee, which combines continuity and renewal. These are important assets to start working in early 2016 on the implementation of the decisions of the 2015 Five-Yearly Review, especially in the field of the career structure. Alessandro RAIMONDO GS President / Président Céline GROBON PH Vice-president / Vice-président Catherine LAVERRIÈRE DGS Vice-president / Vice-président Juan GARCIA PEREZ TE Treasurer / Trésorier Ghislain ROY BE Secretary / Secrétaire Sandrine BAUDAT FP Member / Membre Oliver BOETTCHER EN Member / Membre Rachel BRAY GS Member / Membre Nicolas DELRUELLE TE Member / Membre Gianni DEROMA GS Mem...

Proceedings of the regional conference dedicated to photovoltaic self-consumption, Great East Strasbourg 10/10/17

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-10-01

In the sunniest regions of France, like the Great East, the photovoltaic self-consumption market growth is supported by the national tender (450 MW of projects to allocate) and regional aids, the new tariffing order and the new regulatory framework for collective self-consumption. This document brings together the presentations given during the Regional conference dedicated to photovoltaic self-consumption held at Strasbourg (FR) in October 2017: 1 - Conference program; 2 - Introduction (Bruno Flochon - Climaxion Region Grand Est); 3 - Regulatory context (Mathilde Ducatel - DREAL); 4 - Conditions of connection to the Enedis grid (Jean Luc Spaeth, Enedis); 5 - Experience feedback and regional support (Gautier Perrin - Region Grand Est); 6 - National news (Richard Loyen - Enerplan); 7 - Regional companies (Nicolas Randria - GMPV FFB); 8 - Great East Solar Association (Sandrine Bournaison); 9 - Electro-concept of a Supermarket at Wittelsheim (Philippe Soret); 10 - Roof PV generator on the C3 building at Clemessy-Mulhouse (Dominique Bitsch)

The Evolving Terrorist Threat to Southeast Asia. A Net Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

well prompt Malay rebels to conceive their enemy in “far” as well as “near” terms. Such a cognitive shift would be especially likely to arise...abuse of power—has helped entrench this cognitive stance and is cer- tainly something that the CPP-NPA has both recognized and exploited to its...and magic. This synthesis, which is driven in large part by an ongoing desire to recapture and preserve past Cham culture and his- 9 For stylistic

Constituintes químicos de Lippia sidoides (Cham. Verbenaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sônia Maria O. Costa

Full Text Available Thirteen compounds, 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (1, methyl 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate (2, lapachenol (3, tecomaquinone (4, tectoquinone (5, tectol (6, acetilated tectol (7, quercetin (8, luteolin (9, glucoluteolin (10, lippisidoquinone (11, taxifolin (12 and isolariciresinol (13, were isolated from ethanol extract of Lippia sidoides. Their structures were assigned unambiguously by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, IR and EIMS spectral data analysis and comparison with the published data for structurally related compounds. In brazilian traditional medicine the aerial parts of this specie are used as anti-infective agent, particularly as antiseptic.

The genus Odontocynips Kieffer, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini in Panama, with redescription of Cynips championi Cameron, 1883

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pujade-Villar, J.

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The genus Odontocynips Kieffer, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini is recorded for the first time in Panama, including two species, O. championi (Cameron and O. hansoni Pujade-Villar, that induce galls on Quercus bumelioides Liebm. and Q. lancifolia Schledl & Cham. (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus, White Oaks, respectively. Odontocynips championi (Cameron, 1833, originally described as Cynips championi Cameron based solely on galls, is redescribed including the first description of the adults, a neotype is designated and a new combination is established. The known distribution and host range of O. hansoni, recorded earlier from Costa Rica, are also expanded upon.Se cita por primera vez para Panamá el género Odontocynips Kieffer, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini, incluyendo dos especies: Odontocynips championi (Cameron y O. hansoni Pujade-Villar, que inducen agallas en Quercus bumelioides Liebm. y Q. lancifolia Schledl & Cham. (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus, robles blancos, respectivamente. Se redescribe Odontocynips championi (Cameron, 1833, descrita solo a partir de sus agallas como Cynips championi Cameron, se describen por primera vez los adultos, se designa un neotipo y se establece una nueva combinación taxonómica al transferirla al género Odontocynips. Por otra parte, se amplía la distribución geográfica y rango de hospedador de O. hansoni, previamente citada sólo de Costa Rica.

La Selva Viajera: Rutas del chamanismo ayahuasquero entre Europa y América

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne-Marie Losonczy

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto explora una dimensión particular des las prácticas religiosas en migración. El fenómeno chamánico constituye actualmente un paisaje multipolar, atravesado por desplazamientos regulares de expertos en rituales y de practicantes, a la vez que por la mobilidad y la constante reconfiguración de las prácticas rituales. Estas itinerancias y estancias transcontinentales marcan a las comunidades locales, llevándolas hacia una reformulación de sus propios rituales de uso interno o regional. El chamanismo en su versión transcontinental se estructura según un continuum organizacional en diversas escalas que abre, enmarca, y reproduce los itinerarios que relacionan a los territorios del chamanismo habitualmente llamado "étnico" con las recomposiciones urbanas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Este continuum se sitúa efectivamente en el cruce de los "chamanismos urbanos" nacionales e internacionales que se construyen alrededor de la doble figura del "indígena" y de la "selva", en cuanto recursos simbólicos revalorizados. Por ende, este texto se propone analizar el papel central de la capacidad chamánica, reclasificada como "saber", para la reformulación el replanteamiento de las jerarquías simbólicas de validez nacional e internacional, instituidas durante la colonización.

We have no idea a guide to the unknown universe

CERN Document Server

Cham, Jorge

2017-01-01

Everything we still don’t know about our strange, mostly mysterious universe. Jorge Cham is the creator of the popular online comic Piled Higher and Deeper, popularly known as PHD Comics. He earned his PhD in robotics at Stanford. Daniel Whiteson is an associate professor of experimental particle physics at the University of California, Irvine, and conducts research using the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Their PHD TV videos have been viewed millions of times on YouTube and aired on PBS.

Taxonomy of the genus Heliotropium L. (Heliotropiaceae) in Brazil

OpenAIRE

Melo, José Iranildo Miranda de; Semir, João

2008-01-01

Este trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico do gênero Heliotropium L. no Brasil. Foram encontradas nove espécies e duas variedades: H. amplexicaule Vahl, H. angiospermum Murray, H. curassavicum L., H. curassavicum var. argentinum I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum (Lehm.) I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum var. burchellii I.M. Johnst., H. indicum L., H. leiocarpum Morong, H. nicotianaefolium Poir.,H. phylicoides Cham. e H. transalpinum Vell. São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre afinidades...

Note e recensioni

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Autori Vari

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Volumi C. Vassallo, La dimensione estetica nel pensiero di Plotino. Proposte per una nuova lettura dei trattati Sul bello e Sul bello intelligibile [Silvia Ferretti] • G. Gurisatti, Costellazioni. Storia, arte e tecnica in Walter Benjamin [Silvia Ferretti] • J. Balzer, L. Wiesing, Outcault. Die Erfindung des Comic [Mariagrazia Portera] • E.W. Straus, Il vivente umano e la follia. Studio sui fondamenti della psichiatria [Michele Gardini] • G. Böh­me, Atmosfere, estasi, messe in scena. L’estetica come teoria generale della percezione [Alessia Ruco] • T. Andina, Arthur Danto: un filosofo pop [Elisa Caldarola] • C. Abell, K. Bantinaki (eds., Philosophical Perspectives on Depiction [Elisa Caldarola]Convegni “Gérard Genette’s Aesthetic Thought”, Université de Rennes, 25-27 novembre 2010 [Sandrine Darsel] • “Carattere e stile”, Istituto per gli Studi Filosofici di Napoli, 15 dicembre 2010 [Assunta Carotenuto]     Autopresentazioni S. Halliwell, Between Ecstasy and Truth: Interpretations of Greek Poetics from Homer to Longinus

Ensaios preliminares em laboratório para verificar a ação moluscicida de algumas espécies da flora brasileira Preliminary laboratory tests of the molluscicide activity of some species of Brazilian flora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelymar Martineli Mendes

1984-10-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se em laboratório a atividade moluscicida de 68 extratos de 23 plantas brasileiras. As soluções em água desclorada dos extratos hexânicos e etanólico, nas concentrações de 1, 10 e 100 ppm, foram testadas sobre caramujos adultos e desovas de Biomphalaria glabrata, criados em laboratório. As plantas que demonstraram ação moluscicida na concentração de 100 ppm foram: Arthemisia verlotorum Lamotte, Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth, Cassia rugosa G.Don., Eclipta alba Hassk, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd, Euphorbia splendens Bojer, Joannesia princeps Vell, Leonorus sibiricus L.,Macrosiphonia guaranitica Muell,Nerium oleander L., Palicourea nicotianaefolia Cham, e Schlech., Panicum maximum M., Rumex crispus L., Ruta graveolens L., e Stryphnodendron barbatiman M.The molluscicide activity of sixty-eight extracts from twenty-three Brazilian plants was studied in the laboratory. The solutions, in dechlorinated water, of hexanic and ethylic extracts at 1, 10 and 100 ppm concentrations, were tested on adult snails and egg masses of Biomphalaria glabrata, reared in the laboratory. The plants with molluscicide activity on adult snails and/or egg masses at 100 ppm concentration were: Arthemisia verlotorum Lamotte, Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth, Cassia rugosa G. Don, Eclipta alba Hassk, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd, Euphorbia splendens Bojer, Joannesia princeps Vell, Leonorus sibiricus L., Macrosiphonia guaranitica Muell, Nerium oleander L., Palicourea nicotianaefolia Cham. and Schlech., Panicum maximum M., Rumex crispus L., Ruta graveolens L. and Stryphnodendron barbatiman M.

Causes of road traffic accidents in Juba | Cham | South Sudan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Drivers of private vehicles caused most accidents (37%). Most drivers (46%) were aged 20-30 years. RTAs occurred most often on city roads (89.83%). Conclusion: This leads us to conclude that a comprehensive safety system is needed that are premised on the idea of community-based awareness of traffic rules and safety ...

Geochemical Processes Data Package for the Vadose Zone in the Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Areas at the Hanford Site

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cantrell, Kirk J.; Zachara, John M.; Dresel, P. Evan; Krupka, Kenneth M.; Serne, R. Jeffrey

2007-09-28

This data package discusses the geochemistry of vadose zone sediments beneath the single-shell tank farms at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Hanford Site. The purpose of the report is to provide a review of the most recent and relevant geochemical process information available for the vadose zone beneath the single-shell tank farms and the Integrated Disposal Facility. Two companion reports to this one were recently published which discuss the geology of the farms (Reidel and Chamness 2007) and groundwater flow and contamination beneath the farms (Horton 2007).

Yachting Club

CERN Multimedia

Yachting Club

2012-01-01

Under a cloudless sky, the YCC ran its traditional Traversée du Lac for dinghies and catamarans last Sunday. The turn-out was not good, surprisingly: do we all take longer or more frequent holidays than your Committee anticipated? Never mind, we had a final fleet of six, even with no catamarans: three Laser 1’s (now that is a popular boat and surely a wise recent purchase for the Club), and three RS’s, respectively 400, 500 and 800 (private). Winds were light, but even with a slightly delayed start, they were strong enough for Race Officer Tom Wilkins and ResQ driver Tim Hancox to fit in two complete circuits/races. In older times, that would have been one race of two circuits, but the scoring is fairer if you get a chance to recover your first start in a second heat! Adjacent is a photo (thank you Loic Le Canderff, also doing important work on ResQ) of one of the final winners, Sandrine on Laser 1, joint first with overall regatta coordinator, Sanja: yes, surprisingly, th...

2015 Executive Committee: the strength of continuity

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2014-01-01

The year 2015 will see few changes in the composition of the Executive Committee. On the one hand, Oliver Boetcher enters and becomes the representative of the Staff Association in the Management Board of EN Department. On the other hand, Jaap Panman, who will retire in 2015, leaves the Committee at the end of 2014. We would like to thank Joël Lahaye, who was the departmental representative for EN in 2014, and Jaap for their contributions. The other members of the Committee continue to assume their respective duties, thus ensuring that your Staff Association will have a solid, experienced, effective and cohesive team to cope with the challenges of the new year, with, among others, the key issues of pensions and the 2015 five-yearly review. Your staff delegates hope to be able to count on the active support of all of you to defend the interests of the personnel, past, present, and future, and their families. Sandrine BAUDAT FP Member Oliver BOETCHER EN Member Rachel BRAY GS Memb...

Colour Day: an innovative project

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2016-01-01

This year, the Children’s Day-Care Centre (EVE) and School works on the theme of colours. Every class has their own project revolving around this common theme. The class of Claire, Sandrine and Nadia, introduced a monthly “Colour Day”. The objective of this day is to offer children different activities (arts and crafts, baking, etc.) designed around a specific colour. The children get a chance to decorate their classroom and learn in many different ways inspired by the colours blue, red, and many others. The parents are also called to contribute and invited to dress their children in the colour of the day. In September, we discovered the colour blue, in October it was time for red, and in mid-November yellow will brighten up our structure. Everyone plays along, making this a very festive day for us all. On Tuesday, 20 September, we saw the whole School turn blue! We were all dressed in blue and we made blue paintings, too! We made beautiful artwork inspired by artists like Ma...

Local school children curious about CMS

CERN Multimedia

Joannah Caborn Wengler

2012-01-01

Imagine the scene: about 20-30 schoolchildren aged 8-11 and about 1.25 m tall; a couple of adults, let’s say on average 1.75 m tall, and then one high-energy physics experiment 15 m tall. This is what you could have seen on 2, 6 and 9 February in the CMS cavern, as two local schools participated in the “Be a scientist!” programme.   "I think they've got it..." Two classes from the primary school in the village of Cessy, where CMS is located, took part in the visits on 2 and 9 February, and all 36 pupils from CM2 (Year 6) at the Ecole des Bois in nearby Ornex took part in the visit on 6 February. “They asked so many questions,” says Sandrine Saison Marsollier, CERN’s educational officer for the local community, who accompanied some of the classes to CMS. “Most of them had practical questions about what they saw, for example how big and how heavy the experiment is, and which bit goes where. But some ...

SDS-PAGE For Glutenins Protein of Some Durum Wheat Cultivars coming from Different Agro-Ecological Areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmed Salih Khalaf

Full Text Available Ten durum wheat cultivars of different agro-ecological resources were involved, and subjected to electrophoresis for their glutenin subunits. Glutenin subunits resolution and coding based on relative mobility. Cultivars shown differences in migration patterns and categorized into different groups in accordance to possessing a particular subunits. Caronia and Haurani were similar as they possess subunits 6 + 15, while ACSAD 65, Simeto, and Waha possess subunits 7 + 8; but Korifla and Gidara 2 and Creso possess subunits 6 + 8 with an additional subunit 20 for the Creso. Lastly, Cham 5 and Om rabi 5 possess subunits 20.

Selected Economic Translations on Eastern Europe (166th in the series)

Science.gov (United States)

1960-04-22

34’" ■ ■. ""..’’.’ .’ ■■ ■ i.𔃻"^’ Dinev, L.» and Velkov, Iv., Lyulin Planina [TheXyuiin Mountain], 2, Vol II, No 2, 1957, PP 1-2. Dinev, L., Reali2ari economico ...pressure tunnel 2,*f meters In diameter.: The sector from the apparatus cham- ber to the branching segment (1,235 meters long and sloping 25.6 percent) is...usual way for the two upper segments and by the segmented method for the lower one. In the horizontal distribution sector , the pipe is divided into

Adventures in thesisland

CERN Document Server

Cham, Jorge

2012-01-01

Life in Academia never seemed livelier than in this humorous take on grant writing, academic dress codes and the many uses for lab coats. Follow the phenomenon known as PHD Comics in this fifth book collection of the popular online comic strip. What would happen if Newton tweeted? If TV 'Science' shows were more like real science? If research papers had a comment section? Also included are excerpts from the script of the recently released 'The PHD Movie' and author Jorge Cham's comics journal of his travels and his detention by the U.K. border police.

La movilización de objetos culturales desde las memorias de la práctica de la construcción del purradé: Elementos para otra discusión en educación (matemática indígena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Higuita

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es resultado de una inves tigación intitulada “La movilización de objetos culturales desde las memorias de la práctica de construcción de la vivienda tradicional Embera Chamí: posibilidades para pensar el (porvenir de la educación (matemática indígena”. Son dos los propósitos de este artículo: en primer lugar, presentar nuestras comprensiones sobre la noción de objetos culturales , n oción que posibilita miradas otras sobre la Etnomatemática y la Educación Matemática; y, en segundo lugar, mostrar la movilización del objeto cultural medida y sus posibilidades para pensar el (porvenir de la educación (matemática indígena. Esta m ovilización fue originada desde las memorias de la práctica de construcción del purradé en la comunidad Embera Chamí. El horizonte teórico de este estudio est uvo bajo una perspectiva histórico - cultural de la educación matemática y de manera especial en la Etnomatemática. El camino metodológico abordado en esta investigación fue la historia oral. Desde este horizonte teórico y desde el camino seguido, podemos af irmar que los objetos culturales se convierten en una noción que nos posibilita transgredir paradigmas hegemónicos establecidos en el campo de la Educación Matemática. Una posibilidad esperanzadora para pensar la educación indígena.

Expressões da Antiguidade na Arte e Literatura Modernas e Contemporâneas. Livro de resumos

OpenAIRE

Caramelo, Francisco

2017-01-01

Livro de resumos do colóquio internacional «Expressões da Antiguidade na Arte e Literatura Modernas e Contemporâneas», organizado pelo grupo de investigação «A Antiguidade e a sua Recepção», do CHAM. Este encontro pretende impulsionar o debate científico no âmbito dos estudos da recepção da Antiguidade, no que respeita às épocas moderna e contemporânea do mundo ocidental, já que estas foram marcadas por um renovado interesse pelo mundo antigo. Da recuperação dos cânones clássicos, no século X...

GROWTH OF Jacaranda puberula Cham. SEEDLINGS IN NURSERY UNDER DIFFERENT SHADING LEVELS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lausanne Soraya de Almeida

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Jacaranda puberula, known as caroba, is a species that presents potential use for the recovery of degraded areas, since it possesses fast growth and adapts well to sandy and loamy soils. It presents great aggressiveness in secondary forests and it can be used as urban tree because it produces beautiful lilac flowers. With the intention of obtaining information about potential species for use in recovery of riparian forest, were tested in the nursery of the city hall of the municipal district of Colombo, the development of seedlings of Jacaranda puberula submitted at 30, 50 and 70% of shading. There were used 40 seedlings by treatment and there were evaluated the following parameters: height (60, 90 and 120 days and diameter (90 and 120 days of all seedlings, leaf area and root and shoot dry weight of 6 seedlings per treatment. The largest averages of the analyzed variables were obtained for the 30% shading, except for root dry weight.  The seedlings exposed to full sun presented high mortality rate and was not compared to the others. The smallest averages of the analyzed variables, except for height, were observed for the shading of 70%, indicating that this treatment is not advisable for the production of seedlings of this species in nursery. The best condition for planting the seedlings appears to be in open areas with shading of 30 to 50%, since its natural occurrence is not at full exposure.

Field survey focused on Opisthorchis viverrini infection in five provinces of Cambodia.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyamoto, Kazuko; Kirinoki, Masashi; Matsuda, Hajime; Hayashi, Naoko; Chigusa, Yuichi; Sinuon, Muth; Chuor, Char Meng; Kitikoon, Viroj

2014-04-01

Opisthorchiasis is endemic in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic and constitutes a major public health problem throughout the Mekong Basin. Although Cambodia is located in the Mekong Basin, the status of O. viverrini infection in that country was not previously clarified. This research was conducted to document the extent and distribution of O. viverrini infection in Cambodia. Surveillance was conducted in 55 villages in five Cambodian provinces. Research tools included stool examination using the Kato-Katz thick-smear technique, identification of intermediate hosts, and interviews covering factors related to O. viverrini infection. Some larvae and egg-positive stool samples were examined using PCR to detect O. viverrini DNA. A total of 16,082 stool samples from the 55 villages were examined, of which 1232 were egg positive. In 15 villages with egg-positive rates of greater than 10%, eggs were found in 998 of 3585 stool samples, for an egg-positive rate of 27.8%. PCR analysis showed that 30 of 33 samples were positive for O. viverrini DNA from five villages in Kampong Cham and Kampong Thom provinces. The first intermediate host Bithynia siamensis siamensis was identified in the target areas of Takaev, Kandal, and Kampong Cham provinces. Cercariae were identified morphologically as O. viverrini and some were confirmed using PCR. Metacercariae of O. viverrini were identified by morphologic observations, animal experiments, or PCR in six species of fish in the target areas. Four Cambodian provinces were identified as endemic areas of O. viverrini infection. Careful planning is necessary for effective field surveys, because complex environmental factors might be involved in the distribution of O. viverrini infection-endemic areas in Cambodia. Many problems remain to be resolved regarding the status of O. viverrini infection in Cambodia, and a nationwide baseline survey is necessary. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional conceptual model for the Hanford Site unconfined aquifer system, FY 1993 status report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thorne, P.D.; Chamness, M.A.; Spane, F.A. Jr.; Vermeul, V.R.; Webber, W.D.

1993-12-01

The ground water underlying parts of the Hanford Site (Figure 1.1) contains radioactive and chemical contaminants at concentrations exceeding regulatory standards (Dresel et al. 1993). The Hanford Site Ground-Water Surveillance Project, operated by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), is responsible for monitoring the movement of these contaminants to ensure that public health and the environment are protected. To support the monitoring effort, a sitewide three-dimensional ground-water flow model is being developed. This report provides an update on the status of the conceptual model that will form the basis for constructing a numerical three-dimensional flow model for, the site. Thorne and Chamness (1992) provide additional information on the initial development of the three-dimensional conceptual model

Regional Food Distribution Characteristics and a Methodology for Redistribution in Accordance with Crisis Relocation. Appendices.

Science.gov (United States)

1980-07-01

PREDLETON 1 1 1,500 * TOTAL 4 1 3 5,250 WILLIAMS BROTHERS CO TALLAPOOSA GA GA HARALSON 1 1 750 ** TOTAL 1 1 750 WILLIAMS BROTHERS GROCERY CO TIFTON GA GA ...T I 0 N ACER COUNTY STRS 1MIL MIL MIL MIL MIL ACV (000) A AND P TEA CO ATLANTA GA GA COBS 1 1 7,000 (Family Centers) GA DOUGHERTY 1 1 12,000 SC...RICILAND 1 1 ioooo TOTAL 3 1 2 29,000 A AND P TEA CO ATLANTA GA AL BAREOUR 1 1 1,500 AL BULLOCK 1 1 1,500 AL BUTLEP 1 1 3,000 AL CHAM3ERS 1 1 1,500 AL

BORAGINACEAE A. JUSS. SENSU LATO EM UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DE TERRAS BAIXAS EM PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL

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JOSÉ IRANILDO MIRANDA DE MELO

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This work deals with the survey of the family Boraginaceae in a lowland seasonal dry forest in the municipality of Aliança, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Seven species and three genera were recorded: Cordia L., with three species (C. sellowiana Cham., C. taguahyensis Vell. and C. trichotoma (Vell. Arráb. ex Steud.; Heliotropium L., with only one species, H. elongatum (Lehm. I.M. Johnst. and Tournefortia L., represented by three species (T. bicolor Sw., T. gardneri A.DC. and T. rubicunda Salzm. ex A.DC.. A key to the recognition of the species, as well as descriptions and illustrations were given. Data about distribution, flowering and or fruiting of the species also are provided.

Intercultural paradigms of educational self-management action

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Martha Lucia Izquierdo Barrera

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to tell the experience of the BA in ethno education and community development of the Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Colombia, with indigenous communities “Embera Chamí” in the departments of Caldas and Risaralda, here in Colombia. We begin with a sociohistorical and conceptual tour with the indigenous education emergence in order to contextualize to the readers which scope we are going to work in. the second part is a tour of the institutional context _sciences for the education faculty at Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and the creation of the BA in ethno education and community development.For finishing telling the intercultural education process from the community education.

Description of the immature stages of the weevil Anthonomus vis Clark (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, inquiline into the gall of Leandra aurea (Melastomataceae

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Daniela de Cassia Bená

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Description of the immature stages of the weevil Anthonomus vis Clark (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, inquiline into the gall of Leandra aurea (Melastomataceae. The third instar larva and the pupa of Anthonomus vis Clark, 1992 are described and illustrated, based upon specimens collected in the Serra de São José, Tiradentes, in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The species was previously known from the type series collected in the states of Amapá and Pará. Comparisons with the larva and pupa of A. grandis Boheman, 1843 and A. monostigma Champion, 1903 are included. The larvae of A. vis live as inquilines in the galls induced by a species of momphid moths (Lepidoptera, Momphidae in the stems of Leandra aurea (Cham. Cogn. (Melastomataceae.

He pintado cuadros sobre cómo pueden transformarse los seres

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Enrique Casanto

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Las pinturas de Enrique Casanto, ashaninka del clan de la Orquidea, hacen ver en doble porque muestran que todo lo que existe tiene su duplo. Todo ser es a la vez humano y no-humano, inclusive él mismo y todos los de su clan Casanto, descendientes del gran guerrero Orquídea del pasado que usaba las estrategias de una flor inmóvil en el tronco para vencer a sus enemigos y, de tanto asemejarse a una orquídea, terminó convirtiéndose en dicha flor. Su arte muestra el pasaje de una forma corporal a la otra que acontece en la cosmología y las prácticas curativas chamánicas.

Simeprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection

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Izquierdo L

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Laure Izquierdo,1 François Helle,1 Catherine François,1,2 Sandrine Castelain,1,2 Gilles Duverlie,1,2 Etienne Brochot1,2 1Virology Research Unit, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 2Department of Virology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France Abstract: Simeprevir (TMC435, Olysio™, a second-generation hepatitis C virus (HCV protease inhibitor, has been recently approved for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. This molecule has very different characteristics from first-generation protease inhibitors. Results from trials show that simeprevir is highly effective and safe, with few adverse events. We discuss the specific features of this new treatment option for HCV infection, in terms of in vitro data, pharmacological data, and clinical trials. We also discuss the impact of Q80K polymorphism at baseline. Studies evaluating interferon-free regimens with simeprevir are ongoing. Future combinations of two or more direct-acting antiviral agents, targeting different viral enzymes and with synergistic antiviral effects, will be approved, allowing treatment of pan-genotypic HCV with optimized sustained virologic responses. Simeprevir will undoubtedly be part of future treatment strategies. Keywords: simeprevir, protease inhibitor, direct-acting antiviral agent, hepatitis C virus

Climate Objectives and Development: Promoting Convergence between Millennium and Climate Goals in Climate Negotiations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathy, Sandrine

2015-01-01

The next Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will be held in France in late 2015. The aim of the gathering will be to arrive at an international agreement to keep global warming below an upper limit of 2 deg. C (above 1990 levels) by the end of the century. As the COPs of recent years have shown, this is an ambitious goal and many obstacles stand in its way, among them the development of emerging and developing nations. Why should these countries be forced to restrict their economic development when 'liability for climate change' rests mainly with the developed nations? The question is entirely legitimate, which is why it would probably be more constructive, as Sandrine Mathy advocates here, to negotiate in a way that combines thinking on Millennium Development Goals with climate objectives. As this article shows, it is entirely possible to combine these two types of aim and promote economic development and poverty reduction while, at the same time, striving to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Mathy shows what the common factors are and frames concrete recommendations for establishing a mechanism to promote this convergence between poverty reduction and climate preservation. (author)

Test Measurements of a 20 ms-1 Carbon Wire Beam Scanner

CERN Document Server

De Freitas, J; Emery, J; Herranz Alvarez, J F; Koujili, M; Ramos, D; Sapinski, M; Ait-Amira, Y; Djerdir, A

2011-01-01

This paper pre­sents the de­sign of the ac­tu­a­tor for the fast and high ac­cu­ra­cy Wire Scan­ner sys­tem. The ac­tu­a­tor con­sists of a ro­tary brushless syn­chronous motor with the per­ma­nent mag­net rotor in­stalled in­side the vac­u­um cham­ber and the sta­tor in­stalled out­side. The fork, per­ma­nent mag­net rotor and two an­gu­lar po­si­tion sen­sors are mount­ed on the same axis and lo­cat­ed in­side the beam vac­u­um cham­ber. The system has to re­sist a bake-out tem­per­a­ture of 200 C and ion­iz­ing radi­a­tion up to tenths of kGy/year. Max­i­mum wire trav­el­ling speed of 20 m/s and a po­si­tion mea­sure­ment ac­cu­ra­cy of 4 um is re­quired. Therefore, the sys­tem must avoid gen­er­at­ing vi­bra­tion and electromagnet­ic in­ter­fer­ence. A dig­i­tal feed­back con­troller will allow max­i­mum flex­i­bil­i­ty for the loop pa­ram­e­ters and feeds the 3-phase lin­ear power driv­er. The per­for­mance of the pr...

Perturbation of PALB2 function by the T413S mutation found in small cell lung cancer [version 1; referees: 2 approved

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Jean-Yves Bleuyard

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Germline mutations in the PALB2 gene are associated with the genetic disorder Fanconi anaemia and increased predisposition to cancer. Disease-associated variants are mainly protein-truncating mutations, whereas a few missense substitutions are reported to perturb its interaction with breast cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2, which play essential roles in homology-directed repair (HDR. More recently, PALB2 was shown to associate with active genes independently of BRCA1, and through this mechanism, safeguards these regions from DNA replicative stresses. However, it is unknown whether PALB2 tumour suppressor function requires its chromatin association. Methods: Mining the public database of cancer mutations, we identified four potentially deleterious cancer-associated missense mutations within the PALB2 chromatin association motif (ChAM. To assess the impact of these mutations on PALB2 function, we generated cell lines expressing PALB2 variants harbouring corresponding ChAM mutations, and evaluated PALB2 chromatin association properties and the cellular resistance to camptothecin (CPT. Additionally, we examined the accumulation of γH2A.X and the RAD51 recombinase as readouts of DNA damage signalling and HDR, respectively. Results: We demonstrate that a small-cell lung cancer (SCLC-associated T413S mutation in PALB2 impairs its chromatin association and confers reduced resistance to CPT, the only FDA-approved drug for relapsed SCLC. Unexpectedly, we found a less efficient γH2A.X nuclear foci formation in PALB2 T413S expressing cells, whereas a near-normal level of RAD51 nuclear foci was visible. Conclusions: These findings support the importance of PALB2 chromatin association in the suppression of tumours, including SCLC, an unusually aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis. PALB2 T413S has little impact on RAD51 recruitment, likely due to its intact interaction with BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, this mutant shows

Perturbation of PALB2 function by the T413S mutation found in small cell lung cancer [version 2; referees: 3 approved

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Jean-Yves Bleuyard

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Germline mutations in the PALB2 gene are associated with the genetic disorder Fanconi anaemia and increased predisposition to cancer. Disease-associated variants are mainly protein-truncating mutations, whereas a few missense substitutions are reported to perturb its interaction with breast cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2, which play essential roles in homology-directed repair (HDR. More recently, PALB2 was shown to associate with active genes independently of BRCA1, and through this mechanism, safeguards these regions from DNA replicative stresses. However, it is unknown whether PALB2 tumour suppressor function requires its chromatin association. Methods: Mining the public database of cancer mutations, we identified four potentially deleterious cancer-associated missense mutations within the PALB2 chromatin association motif (ChAM. To assess the impact of these mutations on PALB2 function, we generated cell lines expressing PALB2 variants harbouring corresponding ChAM mutations, and evaluated PALB2 chromatin association properties and the cellular resistance to camptothecin (CPT. Additionally, we examined the accumulation of γH2A.X and the RAD51 recombinase as readouts of DNA damage signalling and HDR, respectively. Results: We demonstrate that a small-cell lung cancer (SCLC-associated T413S mutation in PALB2 impairs its chromatin association and confers reduced resistance to CPT, the only FDA-approved drug for relapsed SCLC. Unexpectedly, we found a less efficient γH2A.X nuclear foci formation in PALB2 T413S expressing cells, whereas a near-normal level of RAD51 nuclear foci was visible. Conclusions: These findings support the importance of PALB2 chromatin association in the suppression of tumours, including SCLC, an unusually aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis. PALB2 T413S has little impact on RAD51 recruitment, likely due to its intact interaction with BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, this mutant shows

Potencial alelopático de espécies nativas na germinação e crescimento inicial de Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae Allelopathic potential of native species in Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae germination and initial growth

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Fabiana Maraschin-Silva

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A alelopatia caracteriza-se pelos efeitos danosos ou benéficos sobre o desenvolvimento da vegetação, causados por substâncias químicas produzidas e liberadas para o ambiente por uma planta. Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial alelopático de espécies brasileiras, foram testados extratos foliares de Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Urticaceae, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taub. (Fabaceae, Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl (Rubiaceae, Sapium glandulatum (Vell. Pax (Euphorbiaceae e Sorocea bonplandii (Baill. Burg., Lanj. & Boer (Moraceae, utilizando-se bioensaios de germinação e crescimento e alface (Lactuca sativa L. como planta alvo. Nesses bioensaios, foram usados extratos foliares aquosos nas concentrações de 2 e 4%, preparados por maceração estática com água fria e quente. Os extratos das cinco espécies causaram atraso na germinação dos aquênios da alface, bem como efeitos tóxicos no crescimento das plântulas, com redução e enfraquecimento das raízes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a presença de substâncias químicas inibidoras nos extratos, revelando potencial alelopático para as cinco espécies avaliadas.Allelopathy is characterized by harmful or beneficial effects on vegetation development, caused by chemical substances produced and released into the environment by the plant. Aiming to assess the allelopathic potential of Brazilian species, aqueous leaf extracts of Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Urticaceae, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taub. (Fabaceae, Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl (Rubiaceae, Sapium glandulatum (Vell. Pax (Euphorbiaceae, and Sorocea bonplandii (Baill. Burger, Lanj. & Boer (Moraceae were tested on lettuce using germination and growth bioassays. In these bioassays, aqueous leaf extracts were used at concentrations of 2 and 4%, prepared by static maceration with cold and hot water. The five species extracts delayed lettuce germination and produced toxic effects on seedling growth, with root

Model of Dipole Field Variations in the LEP Bending Magnets

CERN Document Server

Bravin, Enrico; Drees, A; Mugnai, G

1998-01-01

The determination of the Z mass at LEP requires a knowledge of the relative beam energy in the order of 10 ppm, therefore it is essential to understand the dipole field variations to the same level of accuracy. In LEP the bending magnet field shows a relative increase of the order of 100 ppm over 10 hours, which was found to be caused by leakage currents from railways flowing along the vacuum cham ber and temperature variations. A LEP dipole test bench was set up for systematic investigations. Field variations were monitored with NMR probes while the cooling water temperature of both coil and vacuum chamber was kept under control. The results lead to a parametrisation of the magnetic field variation as a function of the vacuum chamber current and temperature.

Anther specializations related to the division of labor in Microlicia cordata (Spreng. Cham. (Melastomataceae

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Mariana de Souza Carvalho Velloso

2018-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT In heterantherous flowers, some anthers have an attraction and feeding function, while others are related to plant reproduction. Microlicia cordata has dimorphic stamens organized in two cycles: the antesepalous one with large stamens and pink anthers, and the antepetalous one with small stamens and yellow anthers. Division of labor was analyzed using the parameters of structure, composition, amount and estimated viability of pollen, and the color of floral parts. The anthers of the pollinating stamens were larger than the anthers of the feeding stamens, although anatomically similar. There was a difference in the amount of pollen produced by the anthers of the two cycles, but no difference was found in pollen viability. Considering a bee color vision model, the color of the anthers of the pollinating stamens contrasted less with that of the corolla, and thus is probably less attractive to visitors. Conversely, the anthers of the feeding stamens and the ventral appendage of the connective of the pollinating stamens contrasted more with the corolla, presenting the same color to the pollinators. These results are in accordance with the idea of division of labor among anthers of heterantherous flowers, especially regarding the quantity of pollen and the color of the floral parts.

Reproductive phenology of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassman (Arecaceae in Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil

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Tânia Tarabini Castellani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the reproductive phenology of Syagrus romanzoffiana in an area of secondary vegetation of Atlantic Forest in Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Evaluations were made every 30 days, for 39 reproductive palms, from June 2006 to July 2008. Two flowering events were recorded, one from November 2006 to February 2007 and another from October 2007 to March 2008. Flowering intensity was greater in December 2006 (mean ± sd (0.38 ± 0.63 inflorescences/plant and January 2008 (0.59 ± 0.55. Fruiting was continuous, with green fruits present during all 26 months of the study; intensity was greatest in March of 2008 (1.64 ± 1.11 infructescenses/plant. Ripe fruits were discontinuously present, occurring between March and November, with the highest intensity of infructescences in July 2006 (0.56 ± 0.50 and July 2008 (0.51 ± 0.51. The monthly mean of inflorescences and mature infructescences per plant showed significant correlations with the photoperiod, rainfall and temperature during the months of the study period. The reproductive intensity of Syagrus romanzoffiana, between 2006 and 2008, varied with periods of greater and smaller intensity.

Discrete element weld model, phase 2

Science.gov (United States)

Prakash, C.; Samonds, M.; Singhal, A. K.

1987-01-01

A numerical method was developed for analyzing the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process. The phenomena being modeled include melting under the arc and the flow in the melt under the action of buoyancy, surface tension, and electromagnetic forces. The latter entails the calculation of the electric potential and the computation of electric current and magnetic field therefrom. Melting may occur at a single temperature or over a temperature range, and the electrical and thermal conductivities can be a function of temperature. Results of sample calculations are presented and discussed at length. A major research contribution has been the development of numerical methodology for the calculation of phase change problems in a fixed grid framework. The model has been implemented on CHAM's general purpose computer code PHOENICS. The inputs to the computer model include: geometric parameters, material properties, and weld process parameters.

Surface runoff fluxes of nutrients in montane forests in Piedras Blancas region, Antioquia (Colombia)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruiz Suescun, Oscar Andres; Acosta Jaramillo, Juan Jose; Leon Pelaez, Juan Diego

2005-01-01

In natural montane oak forests (Quercus humboldtii Bonpl.), pine (Pinus patula Schltdl and cham.) and cypress (Cupressus lusitanica Mill.) plantations in the region of Piedras Blancas, Antioquia, surface runoff flows (SRF) were measured over 16 months. Runoff was measured using 2 m wide x 10 m long runoff bounded plots, collector tanks and a volumetric counter system. Nutrient flows for the oak forest, pine and cypress plantations were, respectively: P total (0,51, 0,08 and 0,42 kg ha-y), Ca (0,13, 0,21 and 1,27 kg ha- y); Mg (0,07, 0,07 and 0,34 kg ha-y); K (0,89, 0,71 and 2,60 kg ha-y); Fe (0,04, 0,04 and 0,47 kg ha-y) and Mn (0,01, 0,01 and 0,08 kg ha-y)

Analysis of a health team's records and nurses' perceptions concerning signs and symptoms of delirium Análisis de registros producidos por el equipo de salud y de la percepción de los enfermeros sobre las señales y síntomas de delirio Análise dos registros produzidos pela equipe de saúde e da percepção dos enfermeiros sobre os sinais e sintomas de delirium

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Rosa Carla Gomes da Silva

2011-02-01

Full Text Available This study investigates the extent of under-diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium by analyzing the records of a health team and the perception of nurses concerning this phenomenon. This quantitative study was developed in a central university hospital in Portugal and used the documentary and interview techniques. The sample obtained through the application of the NeeCham's scale was composed of 111 patients with the diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium hospitalized in the medical and surgical acute care units. A rate of 12.6% of under-diagnosis was identified in the records and a rate of 30.6% was found taking into account the perception of nurses. No indicators of acute confusion/delirium were found in 8.1% of the 111 cases and only 4.5% of the patients were diagnosed with acute confusion/delirium. The results indicate there is difficulty in identifying acute confusion/delirium, with implications for the quality of care, suggesting the need to implement training measures directed to health teams.Esta investigación pretendió conocer la dimensión del subdiagnóstico de la confusión aguda/delirio, al analizar los registros producidos por el equipo de salud y percepción de los enfermeros sobre este fenómeno. Fue desarrollado en un hospital universitario central de Portugal. Delineada dentro del paradigma cuantitativo, utilizando la técnica documental y la entrevista. La muestra obtenida, por la aplicación de la Escala de Confusión NeeCham, fue de 111 enfermos con diagnóstico de confusión aguda/delirio, internados en unidades de cuidados agudos médicos y quirúrgicos. Se identificó una tasa de subdiagnóstico del fenómeno de 12,6% en los registros y de 30,6% teniendo en cuenta la percepción de los enfermeros. En 8,1% de los 111 casos, no fue identificado cualquier indicador de confusión aguda/delirio. Solamente, 4,5% de los enfermos tenían el fenómeno diagnosticado. Los resultados apuntan para la dificultad en identificar la

Evaluation of the Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl. as a bioindicator and phytoextractor of toxic metals

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Edila Maria Kickhöfel Ferrer

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the bioindication and phytoremediation capacity of the aquatic macrophyte Sagittaria montevidensis by using it to assess the bioconcentration and translocation of heavy metals. A simple sampling was conducted at four sites in the region of Pelotas, southern Brazil, where plants, water and sediments were collected. The plants were subjected to nitric-perchloric acid digestion and the sediments underwent pseudo-total acid digestion. The determination of the elements Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the extracts was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Physicochemical tests were also carried out on water samples, including pH, electrical conductivity, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and organic matter, and in sediment samples, moisture and organic matter content. The macrophyte study indicated a Bioconcentration Factor (BCF and a Translocation Factor (TF, especially for Ni. The results showed that the aquatic macrophyte species S. montevidensis has a phytoextraction capacity, mainly for Ni, and potentially for bioindication of Cu, Ni and Zn.

Genetic diversity in natural populations of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. determined using RAPD and AFLP markers

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Bianca W. Bertoni

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Jacaranda decurrens (Bignoniaceae is an endemic species of the Cerrado with validated antitumoral activity. The genetic diversity of six populations of J. decurrens located in the State of São Paulo was determined in this study by using molecular markers for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP. Following optimization of the amplification reaction, 10 selected primers generated 78 reproducible RAPD fragments that were mostly (69.2% polymorphic. Two hundred and five reproducible AFLP fragments were generated by using four selected primer combinations; 46.3% of these fragments were polymorphic, indicating a considerable level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA using these two groups of markers indicated that variability was strongly structured amongst populations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmatic mean (UPGMA and Pearson's correlation coefficient (RAPD -0.16, p = 0.2082; AFLP 0.37, p = 0.1006 between genetic matrices and geographic distances suggested that the population structure followed an island model in which a single population of infinite size gave rise to the current populations of J. decurrens, independently of their spatial position. The results of this study indicate that RAPD and AFLP markers were similarly efficient in measuring the genetic variability amongst natural populations of J. decurrens. These data may be useful for developing strategies for the preservation of this medicinal species in the Cerrado.

FACTORES DE INFLUENCIA EN EL ENRAIZAMIENTO DE ESTACAS DE Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. et Cham

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J. Daniel Castillo-Flores

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La declinación forestal en el Desierto de los Leones, D. F. afecta a Abies religiosa, una de las especies dominantes en la región con difícil capacidad de enraizamiento que requiere propagación en la zona. En el presente estudio se desarrolló un método de propagación vegetativa con el fin de determinar si el efecto de la procedencia, edad del material, tipo de hormona y la presencia de síntomas de declinación, influyen en la capacidad de enraizamiento de estacas de dicha especie. En este experimento se utilizó un sustrato compuesto por turba y agrolita para probar estacas de dos procedencias, con y sin síntomas de declinación, generadas en dos estaciones de crecimiento, y dos auxinas, manteniendo una humedad de 75-80 %. La combinación de estos factores produjo 16 tratamientos, los cuales se repitieron 50 veces. Los datos fueron procesados mediante un análisis de varianza factorial. Los resultados indican que a principios de diciembre es la mejor época de recolecta de material vegetal para enraizamiento de estacas de A. religiosa, siendo las estacas más jóvenes y las que recibieron indol-3-butírico las que mejor enraizaron. La procedencia y la sintomatología no tuvieron efecto en el enraizamiento.

Evaluation for Moroccan dynamically downscaled precipitation from GCM CHAM5 and its regional hydrologic response

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Tsou Jaw

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Study region: Morocco (excluding Western Sahara. Study focus: This study evaluated Moroccan precipitation, dynamically downscaled (0.18-degree from three runs of the studied GCM ECHAM5/MPI-OM, under the present-day (1971–2000/20C3M and future (2036–2065/A1B climate scenarios. The spatial and quantitative properties of the downscaled precipitation were evaluated by a verified, fine-resolution reference. The effectiveness of the hydrologic responses, driven by the downscaled precipitation, was further evaluated for the study region over the upstream watershed of Oum er Rbia River located in Central Morocco. New hydrological insights for the region: The raw downscaling runs reasonably featured the spatial properties but quantitatively misrepresented the mean and extreme intensities of present-day precipitation. Two proposed bias correction approaches, namely stationary Quantile-Mapping (QM and non-stationary Equidistant CDF Matching model (EDCDFm, successfully reduced the system biases existing in the raw downscaling runs. However, both raw and corrected runs projected great diversity in terms of the quantity of future precipitation. Hydrologic simulations performed by a well-calibrated Variable Infiltration Capacity model successfully reproduced the present-day streamflow. The driven flows were identified highly correlated with the effectiveness of the downscaled precipitation. The future flows were projected to be markedly diverse, mainly due to the varied precipitation projections. Two of the three flow simulation runs projected slight to severe drying scenarios, while another projected an opposite trend for the evaluated future period. Keywords: Dynamical downscaling, Moroccan precipitation, Regional hydrology

Researchers' Night: science at the shops

CERN Multimedia

Corinne Pralavorio

2015-01-01

On 25 September, as part of European Researchers’ Night, CERN and POPScience joined forces to welcome the public at the Balexert shopping centre in Geneva. The Bulletin presents its gallery of photographs from the exciting and educational event.   Science through comic strips, games, cinema and television: POPScience approaches scientific questions through popular culture, with great success! Around 500 children attended the sessions for schools at Balexert's multiplex cinema, and 600 spectators flocked to the public screenings.  Using the big screen, scientists, directors and authors were on hand to disentangle truth from untruths and science from science fiction. The guests, some of whom appeared in person and others via video link, included Jorge Cham, author of PhD Comics and the spin-off film; David Saltzberg, physicist at CMS and scientific consultant for the television series The Big Bang Theory; Kip Thorne, scientific consultant for the film Interstellar; Lawrence ...

Las transiciones escolares: una oportunidad de desarrollo integral para niños y niñas

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Sara Victoria Alvarado

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos los resultados de una investigación sobre las transiciones educativas del hogar al centro de cuidado y de éste al preescolar y la primaria en niños y niñas indígenas de la comunidad Embera Chamí en Riosucio, Caldas, Colombia. Conceptualizamos las transiciones como momentos críticos de cambio que viven los niños y las niñas al pasar de un ambiente a otro, abriendo oportunidades para su desarrollo humano y su aprendizaje para la vida y la escuela, en un estudio de caso cualitativo con enfoque histórico hermenéutico. Los resultados aportan elementos importantes para comprender diversas visiones sobre las transiciones, evidenciando distanciamientos y tensiones entre actores, escenarios y prácticas. Concluimos que las articulaciones son un elemento clave en este proceso.

C1.\taminos del jaguar y el venado. conversación con kuau htli vásquez, médico tradicional mexica

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Mario Madroñero Morillo

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La presente entrevista con Kuahtli Vásquez, médico peyotero de ascendencia mexica, refiere,en primera instancia, las experiencias de aprendizaje del médico tradicional y su relacióncon el contexto político de los indígenas en el norte de México. Luego introduce a otromédico tradicional, esta vez del Putumayo, en busca de la medicina del yagé o ayahuasca,y lo que implica el encuentro entre formas de curación que expresan caminos del saber sinintermediación epistémica, como las prácticas chamánicas del Jaguar y el Venado, o las profecíasdel encuentro entre el Cóndor y el Águila. El propósito final es entrever, entre las palabras delmédico tradicional amerindio, lo que este pensar ancestral puede aportar a los tiempos actuales.

Morfoanatomia de órgãos vegetativos de plantas juvenis de Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Lamiaceae submetidas ao alagamento do substrato Morpho-anatomy of vegetative organs in seedlings of Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Lamiaceae subject to flooding

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Cristiano Medri

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Visando contribuir para o conhecimento das respostas morfoanatômicas de espécies arbóreas à hipoxia, efeitos do alagamento em órgãos vegetativos de Aegiphila sellowiana foram estudados. Indivíduos jovens foram mantidos em substrato drenado e alagado por 50 e 80 dias. Houve mortalidade de 40% das plantas alagadas. As sobreviventes produziram fissuras peridérmicas na base do hipocótilo, raízes diageotrópicas e lenticelas hipertrofiadas em hipocótilos e raízes. Em plantas alagadas: (1 as raízes secundárias apresentaram maior diâmetro, córtex mais espesso, células corticais maiores, espaços intercelulares maiores, cilindro vascular e elementos de vaso menores; (2 as raízes primárias em estrutura secundária e hipocótilos apresentaram súber e feloderme mais espessos; (3 as folhas apresentaram nervura mediana e mesofilo mais espesso, tricomas mais abundantes e estômatos menores. Constatou-se que A. sellowiana é intolerante ao alagamento do solo, fato evidenciado pela morte de parte das plantas. Entretanto, as sobreviventes apresentaram modificações morfoanatômicas que conferem tolerância. Sugere-se que a capacidade diferencial de tolerância apresentada entre os indivíduos pode ser resultado da presença de diferentes genótipos dentro do conjunto de plantas utilizado neste estudo.In order to uncover the morpho-anatomical responses of tree species to hypoxia, we studied the effects of flooding on vegetative organs of Aegiphila sellowiana. Young individuals were kept in drained and flooded soil for 50 and 80 days. Under flooding, there was a mortality rate of 40%. The surviving plants produced peridermic fissures, superficial roots and hypertrophied lenticels. Secondary roots of flooded plants presented greater diameter, thicker cortex, greater diameter of the cortical cells, larger intercellular spaces, and thinner vessel elements and vascular tissues. In the main roots under secondary growth and hypocotyls, cork and phelloderm became thicker under flooding. Leaves of flooded plants presented thicker midrib, larger mesophyll, higher number of trichomes and smaller stomata. Considering that part of the plants subject to flooding have died, it is possible to suggest that A. sellowiana is intolerant of soil inundation. However, the surviving plants showed morpho-anatomical modifications that could have conferred some tolerance to them. Thus, the differential tolerance observed among individuals of A. sellowiana indicates a variability of genotypes in the samples used in this study.

Selenide Mineralization in the Příbram Uranium and Base-Metal District (Czech Republic

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Pavel Škácha

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Selenium mineralization in the Příbram uranium and base-metal district (Central Bohemia, Czech Republic bound to uraninite occurrences in calcite hydrothermal veins is extremely diverse. The selenides antimonselite, athabascaite, bellidoite, berzelianite, brodtkorbite, bukovite, bytízite, cadmoselite, chaméanite, clausthalite, crookesite, dzharkenite, eskebornite, eucairite, ferroselite, giraudite, hakite, klockmannite, naumannite, permingeatite, příbramite, sabatierite, tiemannite, and umangite were found here, including two new mineral phases: Hg-Cu-Sb and Cu-As selenides. Those selenides—and in some cases their sulphidic equivalents—are characterized using wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy, reflected light, powder X-ray diffraction, single crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The selenide mineralization in the Příbram uranium district is bound to the border of the carbonate-uraninite and subsequent carbonate-sulphidic stages. Selenides crystallized there at temperatures near 100 °C in the neutral-to-weakly-alkaline environment from solutions with high oxygen fugacity and a high Se2/S2 fugacity ratio.

A Eucaristia, Páscoa da Igreja-Comunhão em Tillard

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Kunrath, Pedro Alberto

2007-01-01

Full Text Available A Eucaristia é o Sacramento dos Sacramentos da Igreja, no qual se centra e concentra a totalidade da vida cristã. Por isso, o concilio vaticano II não deuvuda em chamá-la de "fonte e ápice" da vida cristã (LG 11. Do ponto de vista ja igreja, já que nela tem lugar a plena integração do cristo no seu mistério pascal. Nela, Cristo se faz presente em sua igreja de forma mais intensa; nela se manifestam e renovam as diversas dimensões da missão, como comunhão, palavra, liturgia, caridade; nela se faz significar e se realiza a mútua e complementaria relação entre reunião (assembléia e missão(ação, entre a palavra e o próprio sacramento; é a Páscoa da Igreja-comunhão

Vegetables as new psychoactive drugs: a narrative review

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Beatriz Rodríguez Salgado

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Existe un interés creciente en los vegetales con efectos psicoactivos por parte de consumidores, con diferentes niveles de experiencia. Esto ha generado una necesidad de actualización de conocimientos del lado de los profesionales médicos y de otros responsables de la salud pública. Se trata, por lo general, de plantas de uso en ceremonias chamánicas con intención curativa, en rituales o simplemente de uso tradicional que han dado el salto al mundo occidental como nuevas drogas psicoactivas, en gran medida gracias a la facilidad de compra, venta, cultivo e intercambio de información que ofrece Internet. Recopilamos en este texto los vegetales con propiedades psicoactivas más relevantes, tanto por su frecuente mención en foros de usuarios o en portales destinados a la reducción de daños en el consumo de drogas, como por su aparición en textos científicos.

Krypton calibration of time projection chambers of the NA61/SHINE experiment

CERN Document Server

Naskret, Michal

The NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN is searching for the critical point in phase transition between quark-gluon plasma and hadronic matter. To do so we use the most precise apparatus - Time Projection Chamber. Its main task is to find trajectories of particles created in a relativistic collision. In order to improve efficiency of TPCs, we introduce calibration using radioactive krypton gas. Simulation of events in a TPC cham- ber through a decay of excited krypton atoms gives us a spectrum, which is later fitted to the model spectrum of krypton from a Monte-Carlo simulation. The data obtained in such a way serves us to determine malfunctioning electronics in TPCs. Thanks to the krypton calibration we can create a map of pad by pad gains. In this thesis I will de- scribe in detail the NA61 experimental setup, krypton calibration procedure, calibration algorithm and results for recent calibration runs

Autonomia, ativismo e colaboração: contribuições para o debate sobre a mídia independente contemporânea

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Evandro de Assis

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Os últimos anos têm permitido a emergência de um grande número de iniciativas jornalísticas que se autointitulam “independentes” ou “alternativas”. Os rótulos não são novos, mas se percebe que a onda atual tem características próprias que contribuem para uma rediscussão de conceitos como autonomia, independência financeira e editorial. Um arranjo que possibilita também tensionar essa importante categoria – a independência – num cenário pós-industrial, onde é crescente a participação efetiva daqueles que antes chamávamos de públicos e onde o ativismo contraria valores históricos do jornalismo como o da imparcialidade. Os resultados a que chegamos sinalizam um panorama mais dinâmico para a definição da independência e ajustes necessários para as expectativas que essa ideia exige.

Analysis of a health team's records and nurses' perceptions concerning signs and symptoms of delirium.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Rosa Carla Gomes da; Silva, Abel Avelino de Paiva E; Marques, Paulo Alexandre Oliveira

2011-01-01

This study investigates the extent of under-diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium by analyzing the records of a health team and the perception of nurses concerning this phenomenon. This quantitative study was developed in a central university hospital in Portugal and used the documentary and interview techniques. The sample obtained through the application of the NeeCham's scale was composed of 111 patients with the diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium hospitalized in the medical and surgical acute care units. A rate of 12.6% of under-diagnosis was identified in the records and a rate of 30.6% was found taking into account the perception of nurses. No indicators of acute confusion/delirium were found in 8.1% of the 111 cases and only 4.5% of the patients were diagnosed with acute confusion/delirium. The results indicate there is difficulty in identifying acute confusion/delirium, with implications for the quality of care, suggesting the need to implement training measures directed to health teams.

20. ATSR congress - Book of abstracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

, CNRS, Nantes Univ.); - Conference: 16 - Works of art expertise using X-ray spectroscopy (Albert Adam, CEA-Saclay); - Effects on the organism: 17 - health issues with high level wastes (Jacques Lafuma, Academy of Sciences, Academy of Medicine); 18 - Summary of epidemiological studies of the leukemia risk near nuclear sites (Dominique Laurier, IPSN Fontenay-aux-Roses); 19 - Quantification of leukemia risk in relation with a chronic exposure to ionising radiations: lessons learnt by the Nord-Cotentin radioecological group (Catherine Rommens, Dominique Laurier, IPSN Fontenay-aux-Roses); - Radioecology: 20 - From radiation to risk: the Nord-Cotentin radioecological group model (Aurelie Merle-Szeremeta, Catherine Rommens, Caroline Drombry, IPSN Fontenay-aux-Roses); 21 - Interpretation of calculation code results about the radiological impacts of radioactive releases (Henri Maubert, SPR/CEA Cadarache); - Use of radiations at hospitals: 22 - Improvement of the radioactive waste management of a regional cancer centre (Sandrine Laugle, Jean-Claude Houy, Eugene Marquis Centre Rennes); 23 - Detection of a radioactive source in an incineration plant dumpster: decision-making study according to the activity calculation (Jean-Claude Houy, Sandrine Laugle, Eugene Marquis Centre Rennes); - Environment: 24 - Model or measurements: what strategy for an environmental contamination estimation? (Caroline Drombry-Ringeard, Hemispheres Egly, Catherine Rommens, IPSN Fontenay-aux-Roses); 25 - Radiological risks magnitude (Jean Charles ABBe, CNRS, Nantes Univ.); 26 - Radiological monitoring of La Hague site environment (Philipp Blaise, H. Truffert, Cogema La Hague); - Posters: Po 01 - Inter-laboratory comparison of French low-energy anthropo-diametric measurements (D. Franck, Ph. Berard, C. Dubiau, R. Soulie, IPSN Fontenay-aux-Roses); Po 02 - Modification principles of the CEA Cadarache radiological monitoring plan (Elodie Panaiva-Pouzol, Serge Escallon, Henri Maubert, SPR/CEA Cadarache)

CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Jacaranda puberula Cham. EM VIVEIRO SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE LUMINOSIDADE

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Alessandro Camargo Angelo

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Jacaranda puberula, conhecida como caroba, é uma espécie que apresenta potencial de uso para recomposição de áreas degradadas, por possuir rápido crescimento, agressividade e adaptar-se bem a solos arenosos e argilosos, ocorrendo em capoeiras e capoeirões. Com o intuito de se obter informações sobre espécies potenciais para uso em restauração de ambiente ripário foi estudado, no viveiro da prefeitura do município de Colombo, o desenvolvimento de mudas de Jacaranda puberula submetidas a 0, 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura (60, 90 e 120 dias e diâmetro de coleto (90 e 120 dias de 21 mudas e, área foliar e peso seco da raiz e parte aérea de seis mudas por tratamento, no final do experimento (120 dias após a repicagem. Mudas expostas a pleno sol apresentaram alto índice de mortalidade, portanto esse tratamento não foi discutido e comparado aos demais. O tratamento com 30% de sombreamento mostrou-se superior aos demais em todas as variáveis, sendo recomendado para a produção de mudas de Jacaranda puberula nas condições testadas. Já as menores médias das variáveis analisadas foram obtidas aos 120 dias para o sombreamento de 70%, indicando que esse tratamento não é recomendável para a produção de mudas dessa espécie em viveiro. A melhor condição para a introdução dessa espécie em uma área a ser recuperada é em clareiras (30 a 50% de sombreamento, uma vez que, na naturezas, também pode ser observado que a sua ocorrência em geral não é a pleno sol.

Essential oil from two populations of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl. Micheli (Chapéu de couro

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Daniel S. Pimenta

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Analysis by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of the essential oils obtained from leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus ("Chapéu de couro" from two different populations (Big Leaves and Small Leaves, collected monthly between September 1998 and December 1999 revealed 17 components. Phytol was the major constituent for both populations. The main sesquiterpene representatives are (E-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and (E-nerolidol.Análise por cromatografia com fase gasosa e cromatografia com fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas de óleos essenciais obtidos de folhas de Echinodorus grandiflorus ("Chapéu-de-couro" em duas diferentes populações (folhas grandes e folhas pequenas, coletadas mensalmente entre setembro de 1998 e dezembro de 1999, revelou 17 componentes. Fitol foi o constituinte majoritário em ambas populações. Os principais representantes sesquiterpênicos foram (E-cariofileno, alfa-humuleno e (E-nerolidol.

Estrutura de estádios ontogenéticos em população nativa da palmeira Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassman (Arecaceae Structure of ontogenetic stages in a native population of the palm Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassman (Arecaceae

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Luís Carlos Bernacci

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O jerivá tem importância ecológica e econômica, inclusive palmito de qualidade. Para conhecer características básicas do ciclo de vida desta espécie, estudou-se a população na floresta paludícola da Reserva Santa Genebra (Campinas, SP. Observações e medições foram feitas em 100 parcelas (5×5 m e sub-parcelas (2×2 m aleatórias, dentro de uma área de 1 ha, realizadas novamente após 400 ± 3 dias. Foram reconhecidos seis estádios ontogenéticos, distinguíveis no campo: plântula (folha inteira estreita, juvenil fase 1 (folha inteira, largura > 2 cm, juvenil fase 2 (folha segmentada, imaturo (folha segmentada e estipe aéreo, virgem (estipe aéreo e raízes caulígenas e reprodutor (raízes caulígenas e presença periódica de estruturas reprodutivas. Para o reconhecimento das plântulas usaram-se características foliares, pois o momento da independência trófica não pôde ser determinado no campo, tendo, o estádio, longa existência sob a baixa luminosidade do sub-bosque. Ocorreu sobreposição de tamanhos e na produção de folhas, embora houvesse diferenças significativas, pelo menos entre alguns estádios. As estruturas e propriedades adquiridas ou perdidas em cada estádio representariam vantagens adaptativas sob circunstâncias diferentes durante a ontogenia do jerivá, como a germinação remota, que pode ajudar a explicar a ampla ocorrência da espécie, incluindo áreas mais secas, e raízes caulígenas, por melhorar a fixação e nutrição previamente à reprodução, na floresta paludícola.Syagrus romanzoffiana is ecologically and economically important, including the production of good-quality hearts of palm. Aiming to describe this plant's basic life cycle, we studied a natural population in the swamp forest at the Santa Genebra Reserve, Campinas municipality, São Paulo state. Observations and measurements were made, and repeated after 400 ± 3 days, in 100 randomly located plots (5×5 m and sub-plots (2×2 m, in an area of 1 ha. Six ontogenetic stages were recognized: seedling (narrow entire leaf, juvenile phase 1 (entire leaf, width > 2 cm, juvenile phase 2 (segmented leaf, immature (segmented leaf, aerial stem, virgin (aerial stem, cauligenous roots, and reproductive (cauligenous roots and periodic presence of reproductive structures. Since the moment of trophic independence could not be determined in the field, leaf characteristics were used to identify seedlings. Seedlings live for a long time in the low light of the understory. Even though significant differences could be observed, size and leaf production overlapped among different stages. Remote germination, used to explain the widespread occurrence of the species even in dry regions, and cauligenous roots that improve fixation and nutrition previous to reproduction in swamp forests, are morphological structures and properties acquired or lost in each stage that may represent adaptive advantages under different circumstances during ontogeny of S. romanzoffiana.

ESCORRENTÍA SUPERFICIAL EN BOSQUES MONTANOS NATURALES Y PLANTADOS DE PIEDRAS BLANCAS, ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA SURFACE RUNOFF IN NATURAL MONTANE FORESTS AND FOREST PLANTATIONS IN ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA

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Oscar Andrés Ruiz Suescún

2005-06-01

Full Text Available En bosques montanos naturales de roble (Quercus humboldtii Bonpl. y plantados de pino pátula (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. y ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica Mill. de la región de Piedras Blancas, Antioquia (Colombia, fueron medidos los flujos de escorrentía superficial (ES por un periodo de tiempo de 16 meses. Se implementaron parcelas cerradas de escorrentía superficial de 10 m de largo x 2 m de ancho, tanques colectores y sistemas de registro volumétrico. Los flujos fueron de 23,19 mm año-1 (1,07 % de la precipitación para la cobertura de roble; 35,13 mm año-1 (1,61 % de la precipitación para la cobertura de pino pátula y 230,64 mm año-1 (11,05 % de la precipitación para la cobertura de ciprés. Mediante análisis de componentes principales (ACP se identificaron las relaciones existentes entre las variables hidrológicas y los flujos de ES, y por medio de análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se ajustaron modelos para los flujos de ES por cobertura en función de la precipitación, la precipitación en el bosque y la intensidad de lluvia promedio, variables que mostraron alta relación con la ES según el ACP.In natural montane oak forests (Quercus humboldtii Bonpl., in pine (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. and cypress (Cupressus lusitanica Mill. plantations in Piedras Blancas, Antioquia (Colombia, surface runoff flows (SRF were measured over 16 months. Runoff was measured using 10 m long x 2 m wide runoff bounded plots, collector tanks and a volumetric counter system. SRF were 23,19 mm year -1 (1,07 % of rainfall for oak forest; 35,13 mm year -1 (1,61 % of rainfall for pine and 230,64 mm year-1 (11,05 % of rainfall for cypress plantations. Relationships between hydrological variables and SRF were identified by a principal components analysis (PCA. For each one of the stands, multiple regression analysis was used to fit models of SRF on rainfall, throughfall and mean intensity of rainfall, variables that, according to the PCA

Leishmanicidal activity of lipophilic extracts of some Hypericum species.

Science.gov (United States)

Dagnino, Ana Paula; Barros, Francisco Maikon Corrêa de; Ccana-Ccapatinta, Gari Vidal; Prophiro, Josiane Somariva; Poser, Gilsane Lino von; Romão, Pedro R T

2015-01-15

Leishmaniasis has emerged as the third most prevalent parasite-borne disease worldwide after malaria and filariasis, with about 350 million people at risk of infection. Antileishmanial drugs currently available have various limitations, mainly because of the parasite resistance and side effects. The search of new antileishmanial drugs is ventured throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the leishmanicidal activity of lipophilic extracts of eight Hypericum species against promastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The dried and powered materials of aerial parts of H. andinum Gleason, H. brevistylum Choisy, H. caprifoliatum Cham. & Schltdl., H. carinatum Griseb., H. linoides A. St.-Hil., H. myrianthum Cham. & Schltdl., H. polyanthemum Klotzsch ex Reichardt and H. silenoides Juss. were extracted by static maceration with n-hexane. Extracts were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and stored at -20°C until biological evaluation and HPLC analysis. The metabolites investigated were dimeric phloroglucinol derivatives, benzophenones and benzopyrans. The yields were expressed as mean of three injections in mg of compound per g of extract (mg/g extract). The effect of Hypericum species on the viability of infective forms of L. (L.) amazonensis was determined using a hemocytometer. Amphotericin B was used as a standard drug. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for each extract were determined by linear regression analysis. The cytotoxic effects of extracts were assessed on peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice by MTT assay. The concentration that causes 50% of macrophage cytotoxicity (CC50) was determined by linear regression analysis. The selectivity index (SI) of the extracts was determined considering the following equation: CC50 against mammalian cells/IC50 against L. amazonensis. We demonstrated that H. carinatum, H. linoides and H. polyanthemum were able to kill the parasites in a dose dependent manner. These

Efeitos de extratos de plantas na biologia de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae mantida em dieta artificial Effects of plant extracts on the biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae maintained under artificial diet

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Gilberto Pedreira Santiago

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos extratos aquosos a 10% de folhas e ramos de arruda (Ruta graveolens L., folhas e ramos de melão-de-são-caetano (Momordica charantia L., folhas do alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham. e fruto verde de mamona (Ricinus communis L., sobre a biologia da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho (Spodoptera frugiperda, mantida em dieta artificial. Os parâmetros avaliados foram duração e viabilidade das fases larval e pupal, peso de pupa, fecundidade, fertilidade e longevidade de adultos. Larvas de S. frugiperda recém-eclodidas foram colocadas em tubos de ensaio com dieta artificial, contendo os extratos de cada material testado. O extrato aquoso do fruto verde de R. communis apresentou bioatividade, nos parâmetros duração larval e pupal e peso de pupa. O extrato aquoso de R. graveolens reduziu o peso de pupa. A dieta contendo extrato de folhas e ramos de M. charantia reduziu a viabilidade larval e o peso de pupa. O extrato aquoso de folhas de L. sidoides não afetou as fases larval e pupal, reduziu a postura e a viabilidade de ovos e aumentou a longevidade de adultos de S. frugiperda. A viabilidade de pupa não foi afetada pelos extratos testados.The effects of aqueous extracts, at 10% concentration of leaves and branches of Ruta graveolens L., leaves and branches of Momordica charantia L., leaves of Lippia sidoides Cham. and green fruits of Ricinus communis L. were evaluated on the biology of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda maintained under artificial diet. The evaluated parameters were: duration and viability of the larval and pupal phases, pupa weight, fecundity, fertility and longevity of adults. Just-hatched larvae of S. frugiperda was placed in test tube with artificial diet containing extracts of each tested material. The aqueous extract of the green fruits of R. communis presented bioactivity upon duration and weight of larval and pupal phases. The aqueous extract of R. graveolens reduced weight of pupa. The diet

Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn., a native Atlantic Forest species, as a bio-indicator of ozone: Visible injury

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furlan, Claudia M. [Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, CP 11461, 05422-970 Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], E-mail: furlancm@yahoo.com.br; Moraes, Regina M.; Bulbovas, Patricia [Secao de Ecologia, Instituto de Botanica, SMA, CP 4005, 01061-970 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Sanz, Maria J. [Fundacion Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, Parque Tecnologico, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain); Domingos, Marisa [Secao de Ecologia, Instituto de Botanica, SMA, CP 4005, 01061-970 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Salatino, Antonio [Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, CP 11461, 05422-970 Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2008-03-15

Tibouchina pulchra saplings were exposed to carbon filtered air (CF), ambient non-filtered air (NF) and ambient non-filtered air + 40 ppb ozone (NF + O{sub 3}) 8 h per day during two months. The AOT40 values at the end of the experiment were 48, 910 and 12,895 ppb h{sup -1}, respectively, for the three treatments. After 25 days of exposure (AOT40 = 3871 ppb h{sup -1}), interveinal red stippling appeared in plants in the NF + O{sub 3} chamber. In the NF chamber, symptoms were observed only after 60 days of exposure (AOT40 = 910 ppb h{sup -1}). After 60 days, injured leaves per plant corresponded to 19% in NF + O{sub 3} and 1% in the NF treatment; and the average leaf area injured was 7% within the NF + O{sub 3} and 0.2% within the NF treatment. The extent of leaf area injured (leaf injury index) was mostly explained by the accumulated exposure of ozone (r{sup 2} = 0.89; p < 0.05). - Tibouchina pulchra, a tropical species widely used in Brazilian landscapes as an ornamental tree, is a potential sensitive bio-indicator of ozone air pollution.

Fragmentation effect in the leaf morphometry and environment of Quercus germana Schldl. & Cham. (Fagaceae in Xalapa, Veracruz

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Anantli Martínez-Munguía

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Quercus germana es una especie endémica del bosque mesófilo de montaña de México. La presión de selección que la fragmentación y los cambios ambientales ejercen, sugieren diferenciación fenotípica. Por lo anterior, la relación de la diferenciación foliar de Q. germana con la fragmentación y las condiciones ambientales se evaluó en seis sitios del bosque mesófilo de Xalapa, Veracruz. Para ello, se colectaron 10 hojas de las ramas nones de 30 individuos por sitio; se midieron 10 características morfométricas foliares y siete ambientales. Los análisis de varianza se realizaron con el modelo linear generalizado; se utilizó un análisis discriminante, se construyeron árboles de ligamiento UPGMA y se proyectaron las poblaciones tridimensionalmente. Las distancias de Mahalanobis se compararon con una prueba de Mantel para estimar la relación morfométrica y ambiental. Las variables morfológicas que mejor separan los sitios son mucrones, nervaduras y tamaño del peciolo. Ambientalmente, las variables más discriminantes son luz, temperatura y pérdida de humedad. La prueba de Mantel no mostró relación entre las diferencias morfométricas y ambientales (r = 0.090, P = 0.306. Las subpoblaciones de Q. germana son morfológicamente diferentes a pesar de la distancia corta que las separa, lo cual indica que posiblemente son afectadas por la fragmentación aún sin influencia ambiental.

Volatile and non-volatile compounds and antimicrobial activity of Mansoa difficilis (Cham.) Bureau and K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guilhon, Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro; Silva, Elisangela Sarmento da; Santos, Lourivaldo da Silva; Uetanabaro, Ana Paula Trovatti

2012-01-01

Essential oil from the leaves of Mansoa difficilis was analyzed by GC/MS. Oct-1-en-3-ol (49.65%) was the major compound, but diallyl di- and trisulfide were also present (0.85 and 0.37%, respectively), justifying the garlic-like odor of the crushed leaves. The hexane and methanol extracts of the leaves and stems afforded as main constituents a mixture of linear hydrocarbons, spinasterol, stigmasterol, ursolic and oleanolic acids, two apigenin derivatives and verbascoside. The hexane and methanol extracts of leaves were tested for antimicrobial activity against ten microorganisms. The hexane extract was active against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. (author)

Volatile and non-volatile compounds and antimicrobial activity of Mansoa difficilis (Cham.) Bureau and K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guilhon, Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro; Silva, Elisangela Sarmento da; Santos, Lourivaldo da Silva [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Fac. de Quimica; Zoghbi, Maria das Gracas Bichara [Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, PA (Brazil). Coordenacao de Botanica; Araujo, Isabella Santos [Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA (Brazil); Uetanabaro, Ana Paula Trovatti, E-mail: giselle@ufpa.br [Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilheus, BA (Brazil)

2012-07-01

Essential oil from the leaves of Mansoa difficilis was analyzed by GC/MS. Oct-1-en-3-ol (49.65%) was the major compound, but diallyl di- and trisulfide were also present (0.85 and 0.37%, respectively), justifying the garlic-like odor of the crushed leaves. The hexane and methanol extracts of the leaves and stems afforded as main constituents a mixture of linear hydrocarbons, spinasterol, stigmasterol, ursolic and oleanolic acids, two apigenin derivatives and verbascoside. The hexane and methanol extracts of leaves were tested for antimicrobial activity against ten microorganisms. The hexane extract was active against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. (author)

Fenologia reprodutiva de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassman (Arecaceae em Floresta Atlântica no sul do Brasil

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Romualdo Morelatto Begnini

2013-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n4p53 Este estudo avaliou a fenologia reprodutiva de Syagrus romanzoffiana em área de vegetação secundária de Floresta Atlântica no Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. As avaliações foram feitas a cada 30 dias, em 39 palmeiras reprodutivas, de junho de 2006 a julho de 2008. Dois eventos de floração foram registrados, um de novembro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007 e outro de outubro de 2007 a março de 2008, com maior intensidade em dezembro de 2006 (média±dp (0,38±0,63 inflorescências/planta e janeiro de 2008 (0,59±0,55. A frutificação foi contínua, com frutos verdes presentes em todos os 26 meses e maior intensidade em março de 2008 (1,64±1,11 infrutescências/planta. Os frutos maduros estiveram presentes de forma descontínua, podendo ocorrer entre março e novembro, com as maiores intensidades em julho de 2006 (0,56±0,50 e em julho de 2008 (0,51±0,51. As médias mensais de inflorescências e de infrutescências maduras por planta apresentaram correlações significativas com o fotoperíodo, a precipitação e a temperatura dos meses correntes do período de estudo. Syagrus romanzoffiana apresentou variações na intensidade reprodutiva entre 2006 e 2008, com períodos de maior e de menor intensidade.

Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn., a native Atlantic Forest species, as a bio-indicator of ozone: Visible injury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furlan, Claudia M.; Moraes, Regina M.; Bulbovas, Patricia; Sanz, Maria J.; Domingos, Marisa; Salatino, Antonio

2008-01-01

Tibouchina pulchra saplings were exposed to carbon filtered air (CF), ambient non-filtered air (NF) and ambient non-filtered air + 40 ppb ozone (NF + O 3 ) 8 h per day during two months. The AOT40 values at the end of the experiment were 48, 910 and 12,895 ppb h -1 , respectively, for the three treatments. After 25 days of exposure (AOT40 = 3871 ppb h -1 ), interveinal red stippling appeared in plants in the NF + O 3 chamber. In the NF chamber, symptoms were observed only after 60 days of exposure (AOT40 = 910 ppb h -1 ). After 60 days, injured leaves per plant corresponded to 19% in NF + O 3 and 1% in the NF treatment; and the average leaf area injured was 7% within the NF + O 3 and 0.2% within the NF treatment. The extent of leaf area injured (leaf injury index) was mostly explained by the accumulated exposure of ozone (r 2 = 0.89; p < 0.05). - Tibouchina pulchra, a tropical species widely used in Brazilian landscapes as an ornamental tree, is a potential sensitive bio-indicator of ozone air pollution

Neutron-induced fission fragment angular distribution at CERN n TOF: The Th-232 case

CERN Document Server

Tarrio, Diego; Paradela, Carlos

This thesis work was done in the frame of the study of the neutron-induced fission of actinides and subactinides at the CERN n TOF facility using a fast Parallel Plate Avalanche Counters (PPACs) setup. This experimental setup provide us with an intense neutron beam with a white spectrum from thermal to 1 GeV and with an outstanding high resolution provided by its flight path of 185 m. In our experiment, fission events were identified by detection of both fission fragments in time coincidence in the two PPAC detectors flanking the corresponding target. This technique allowed us to discriminate the fission events from the background produced by α disintegration of radioactive samples and by particles produced in spallation reactions. Because PPAC detectors are insensitive to the γ flash, it is possible to reach energies as high as 1 GeV. The stripped cathodes provide the spatial position of the hits in the detectors, so that the emission angle of the fission fragments can be measured. Inside the reaction cham...

Biodigester User Survey Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chandararot, K.; Dannet, L.

2007-06-15

In May 2005, SNV and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) agreed to a joint development of a National Biodigester Programme (NBP) in Cambodia as a way to create an indigenous, sustainable energy source in the country and to utilize the potential of biogas in the country. The overall objective of the first phase of the National Biodigester Programme is 'The dissemination of domestic biodigesters as an indigenous, sustainable energy source through the development of a commercial, market oriented, biodigester sector in selected provinces of Cambodia'. The program aims to support the construction of 17,500 biodigesters in at least 6 provinces over the period of 2006 to 2009. To gain insights and feedbacks on the impacts of their activities to date, NBP commissioned the Cambodia Institute of Development Study (CIDS) to carry out a Biodigester User Survey in January 2007. The purpose of the survey is to evaluate the effects of domestic biodigester installations, as supported by the program, on 100 households in 3 provinces in Cambodia- Kampong Cham, Kandal and Svay Rieng.

2020s scenario analysis of nutrient load in the Mekong River Basin using a distributed hydrological model.

Science.gov (United States)

Yoshimura, Chihiro; Zhou, Maichun; Kiem, Anthony S; Fukami, Kazuhiko; Prasantha, Hapuarachchi H A; Ishidaira, Hiroshi; Takeuchi, Kuniyoshi

2009-10-01

A distributed hydrological model, YHyM, was integrated with the export coefficient concept and applied to simulate the nutrient load in the Mekong River Basin. In the validation period (1992-1999), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 76.4% for discharge, 65.9% for total nitrogen, and 45.3% for total phosphorus at Khong Chiam. Using the model, scenario analysis was then performed for the 2020s taking into account major anthropogenic factors: climate change, population, land cover, fertilizer use, and industrial waste water. The results show that the load at Kompong Cham in 2020s is 6.3 x 10(4)tN a(-1) (+13.0% compared to 1990s) and 4.3 x 10(3)tP a(-1) (+24.7%). Overall, the noticeable nutrient sources are cropland in the middle region and urban load in the lower region. The installation of waste water treatment plants in urban areas possibly cut 60.6%N and 19.9%P of the estimated increase in the case without any treatment.

Fructification phenology as an important tool in the recovery of iron mining areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, L C; Barros, F V; Lemos-Filho, J P

2009-08-01

'Canga' is a name given to the ferruginous rocky fields that can be found in the 'Quadrilátero Ferrífero' of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The endemism and species richness make them areas of special biological importance, regarded as high-priority for conservation. Nevertheless, they are being threatened by intense mining activity. Aiming to understand more about this flora, this study was performed in order to determine the maturation or dispersal period of the fruits of four Canga species, Alibertia vaccinioides K.Schum. (Rubiaceae), Coccoloba acrostichoides Cham. (Polygonaceae), Miconia sellowiana Naudin (Melastomataceae), and one probable new species of Calyptranthes Sw. (Myrtaceae). Although fruit maturation or dispersal tended to occur at the end of the dry season, some asynchrony was observed in these species, with food sources being available during most of the year. This shows that these species have the potential to attract animals the whole year round, and planting them for the recovery of iron mining areas may increase the community's self-regeneration capacity, leading to a more successful restoration process.

Fructification phenology as an important tool in the recovery of iron mining areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil

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LC. Garcia

Full Text Available "Canga" is a name given to the ferruginous rocky fields that can be found in the "Quadrilátero Ferrífero" of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The endemism and species richness make them areas of special biological importance, regarded as high-priority for conservation. Nevertheless, they are being threatened by intense mining activity. Aiming to understand more about this flora, this study was performed in order to determine the maturation or dispersal period of the fruits of four Canga species, Alibertia vaccinioides K.Schum. (Rubiaceae, Coccoloba acrostichoides Cham. (Polygonaceae, Miconia sellowiana Naudin (Melastomataceae, and one probable new species of Calyptranthes Sw. (Myrtaceae. Although fruit maturation or dispersal tended to occur at the end of the dry season, some asynchrony was observed in these species, with food sources being available during most of the year. This shows that these species have the potential to attract animals the whole year round, and planting them for the recovery of iron mining areas may increase the community's self-regeneration capacity, leading to a more successful restoration process.

BPM STABILTIY STUDIES FOR THE APS MBA UPGRADE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lill, R.; Sereno, N.; Yang, B.

2017-03-25

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is currently in the preliminary design phase for the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice upgrade. Beam stability is critical for the MBA and will require long term drift defined as beam mo-tion over a seven-day timescale to be no more than 1 mi-cron at the insertion device locations and beam angle change no more than 0.25 micro-radian. Mechanical stabil-ity of beam position monitor (BPM) pickup electrodes mounted on insertion device vacuum chambers place a fun-damental limitation on long-term beam stability for inser-tion device beamlines. We present the design and imple-mentation of prototype mechanical motion system (MMS) instrumentation for quantifying this type of motion specif-ically in the APS accelerator tunnel and experiment hall floor under normal operating conditions. The MMS pres-ently provides critical position information on the vacuum chamber and BPM support systems. Initial results of the R&D prototype systems have demonstrated that the cham-ber movements far exceed the long-term drift tolerance specified for the APS Upgrade MBA storage ring.

Comprimento da estaca no desenvolvimento de mudas de alecrim-pimenta Effect of cutting length on the development of pepper-rosmarin seedlings

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Wellington Geraldo Oliveira Carvalho Júnior

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do comprimento de estacas caulinares no desenvolvimento de mudas de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.. As estacas foram coletadas de plantas matrizes do Horto Medicinal do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos pelos intervalos de comprimento das estacas (5 a 8cm, 8,1 a 11cm, 11,1 a 14cm e 14,1 a 17cm. Foram avaliados o número de raízes principais, o comprimento da maior raiz (cm, o número de brotações, a porcentagem de enraizamento, a avaliação visual do enraizamento e a fitomassa seca das brotações e das raízes (g. Os resultados indicam que o comprimento das estacas afeta o desenvolvimento de mudas de alecrim-pimenta, especialmente a fitomassa seca das brotações e das raízes. As estacas com 14,1 a 17cm apresentaram a maior porcentagem de enraizamento e as maiores médias para as outras variáveis analisadas, sendo, portanto, mais recomendadas para a propagação vegetativa de alecrim-pimenta.This research aimed to evaluate the effect of shoot cutting length on the development of pepper-rosmarin seedlings (Lippia sidoides Cham.. The cuttings were obtained from stock plants of the medicinal vegetable garden of Instituto de Ciências Agrárias/UFMG, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions with intermittent mist. The experimental design was totally randomized with four treatments consisted of different size intervals (5 to 8cm, 8.1 to 11cm, 11.1 to 14cm and 14.1 to 17cm, with five replications each. The amount of shooting and root, the shooting and root dry weight (g, the the longest root length (cm, the visual rooting evaluation and the rooting

Confidencialidad: orientaciones para su correcto cumplimiento

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Sobrín Sueiras, MP

2006-02-01

Full Text Available PROPÓSITOEl cambio en la relación médico-paciente, que recientemente ha pasado de afectar a dos personas a ser la del paciente con su equipo asistencial, puede provocar situaciones en las que la confidencialidad se vea alterada.METODOLOGÍAPaciente, destinatario de la información del proceso de salud-enfermedad. Los implicados deben respetar la confidencialidad de los datos, procurar intimidad en los espacios físicos, evitar comentarios sobre los historiales, no facilitar información a terceras personas sin permiso del paciente respetando su derecho a la no información.Historia clínica, documento que recoge la información del proceso asistencial, debe ser también respetado. Todos los miembros del equipo asistencial están sujetos a la confidencialidad, garantizando la protección física de las historias y acotando la información que instituciones ajenas a la sanidad puedan solicitar.La informatización de datos sanitarios plantea nuevos frentes, permaneciendo invariable el secreto médico, por ello se analiza la cobertura legal que vela por el mantenimiento de la confidencialidad. Entre otras, la LORTAD desarrolla aspectos concretos detallando responsabilidades al respecto.CONCLUSIONESUn documento informativo, elaborado por el CEA y repartido por todo el CHAM-NV, detalla las conclusiones del trabajo y está a disposición de los interesados.CONFIDENTIALITY: ORIENTATION FOR ITS CORRECT FULFILLMENTPURPOSEIf we have always considered the traditional doctor-patient relationship as that between two people, it has recently become that between the patient and his/her whole welfare team. Thus, this change can cause situations in which confidentiality might be altered.METHODOLOGYPatient, addressee of the information of the health-illness process. Those implied, should respect data confidentiality, favour privacy in physical spaces, avoid comments about the records, and should not facilitate information to others without the patient consent

Familial variation in Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. seedlings in response to drought: water and osmotic potential

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Natalia Castelán-Muñoz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La variación de plántulas de cuatro familias de Pinus leiophylla de diferentes procedencias se evaluó en respuesta a la sequía, considerando las variables potencial hídrico (Ψa, potencial osmótico (Ψ0, componentes y asignación de biomasa. Las familias de P. leiophylla se localizan en un huerto semillero del Colegio de Postgraduados en el Estado de México. El estudio se hizo con el fin de identificar los genotipos resistentes al estrés hídrico. Después de 26 días sin riego, 50 % de las plántulas presentaron decaimiento permanente del ápice del tallo, con Ψa = -3.35 MPa y Ψ0 = -3.23 MPa, lo que representó disminución de 596 y 112 %, respectivamente, por efecto de la sequía. La acumulación de biomasa también fue afectada significativamente (P = 0.05 en las familias evaluadas, a excepción de la procedente de San Rafael. En promedio, la biomasa de la raíz de las plántulas en sequía fue 38 % menor que las plántulas sin sequía. Las familias de P. leiophylla provenientes de San Juan Tetla y de Santa María Atepetzingo (ambas del estado de Puebla presentaron mejor respuesta al estrés impuesto, mientras que la familia de Tlalmanalco (Estado de México fue la más afectada.

CONTROL QUÍMICO DE LA NAVAJUELA (Scleria melaleuca Rchb.f.ex. Schltdl.Cham. EN DIFERENTES ESTADOS DE DESARROLLO

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Robin G\\u00F3mez-G\\u00F3mez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el control de la navajuela en cuatro diferentes estados de desarrollo: (1 dos a tres hojas, (2 inicio del macollamiento, (3 rebrote en cepas adultas luego de cinco semanas de haber sido cortadas con cortadora de motor y (4 cepa adulta o madura. El quinto ensayo combinó cepas adultas y cepas en rebrote. Durante los años 2002-2005 se realizaron cinco ensayos en Pococí, Limón, dos en invernadero y tres en el campo. Se encontró que la manera más efi caz de eliminar la navajuela sin afectar el pasto fue la aplicación de herbicidas selectivos al pasto, como halosulfuron (75 g/ha, bentazón + MCPA (1.150 g/ha de la mezcla formulada y ethoxysulfuron (75 g/ha, cuando la maleza se encontraba en estado de dos a tres hojas, lo cual se puede lograr cuando se realiza renovación de pasturas. Por otro lado, para controlar la cepa madura de navajuela fue necesario utilizar herbicidas de amplio espectro, como el diurón + paraquat y el glifosato. Con el glifosato se logró un excelente control tanto en aplicaciones por aspersión como de manera untada o por contacto, con la ventaja de que este último método redujo el daño a la pastura.

Abate distribution and dengue control in rural Cambodia.

Science.gov (United States)

Khun, Sokrin; Manderson, Lenore H

2007-02-01

Sustainable public health and community collaboration and partnerships are essential for the effective elimination of vector breeding sites to prevent dengue fever. A prerequisite is that community members appreciate the importance of the infection, understand its transmission and preventive activities, and are able to translate such knowledge to action. In this paper, we draw on an ethnographic study of two villages in the eastern province of Kampong Cham, using data collected from qualitative research methods and entomological surveys to describe community knowledge of the vector, practices related to the reduction of breeding sources, and the effectiveness of temephos to control larvae. During the study period, temephos (distributed as Abate) was applied in water containers only in the rainy season, although these containers were also positive with larvae in the dry season. Discarded containers, ignored in terms of control activities, had twice the number of larvae as water storage containers. The continued reliance on Abate creates financial and technical problems, while its inappropriate distribution raises the possibility of larvicide resistance. Based on research findings, we argue that control strategies emphasizing the use of Abate should be reconsidered.

Effect of Retention in Elementary Grades on Grade 9 Motivation for Educational Attainment

Science.gov (United States)

Cham, Heining; Hughes, Jan N.; West, Stephen G.; Im, Myung Hee

2014-01-01

This study investigated the effect of grade retention in elementary school on students’ motivation for educational attainment in grade 9. We equated retained and promoted students on 67 covariates assessed in grade 1 through propensity score weighting. Retained students (31.55%, nretained = 177) and continuously promoted students (68.45%, npromoted = 384) were compared on the bifactor model of motivation for educational attainment (Cham, Hughes, West, & Im, 2014). This model consists of a General factor (student’s overall motivation for educational attainment), and three specific factors: student perceived Teacher Educational Expectations, Peer Educational Aspirations, and Value of Education. Measurement invariance between retained and promoted groups was established. Retained students scored significantly higher than promoted students on each specific factor but not on the General factor. Results showed that the retained and promoted students did not significantly differ on the General factor. The retained students had significantly higher scores on each specific factor than the promoted students. The results suggested that grade retention may not have the negative effects so widely assumed in the published literature; it is an expensive intervention with minimal evidence of benefits to the retained student. PMID:25636258

Modulatory Effects of Eschscholzia californica Alkaloids on Recombinant GABAA Receptors

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Milan Fedurco

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The California poppy (Eschscholzia californica Cham. contains a variety of natural compounds including several alkaloids found exclusively in this plant. Because of the sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects, this herb is currently sold in pharmacies in many countries. However, our understanding of these biological effects at the molecular level is still lacking. Alkaloids detected in E. californica could be hypothesized to act at GABAA receptors, which are widely expressed in the brain mainly at the inhibitory interneurons. Electrophysiological studies on a recombinant α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor showed no effect of N-methyllaurotetanine at concentrations lower than 30 μM. However, (S-reticuline behaved as positive allosteric modulator at the α3, α5, and α6 isoforms of GABAA receptors. The depressant properties of aerial parts of E. californica are assigned to chloride-current modulation by (S-reticuline at the α3β2γ2 and α5β2γ2 GABAA receptors. Interestingly, α1, α3, and α5 were not significantly affected by (R-reticuline, 1,2-tetrahydroreticuline, codeine, and morphine—suspected (S-reticuline metabolites in the rodent brain.

Potencial de árvores frutíferas para a atração de aves

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Leonardo Ribeiro Góes-Silva

2012-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o potencial atrativo de aves presente em oito espécies de árvores frutíferas: Callicarpa reevesii Wall.ex Walp., Ficus microcarpa L.f., Ficus tomentella Miq., Michelia champaca L., Morus nigra L., Nectandra nitidula Nees, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi e Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham. A interação de aves-plantas foi observada no município de Ouro Fino (MG, nos domínios da Serra da Mantiqueira. As referentes árvores foram observadas durante 24 horas nos períodos em que estavam frutificando, entre julho de 2007 a abril de 2008. Com o uso de ferramentas de análise de diversidade biológica, pode-se constatar que as espécies com maiores potenciais de atração de aves foram Ficus microcarpa, Ficus tomentella, Morus nigra, Nectandra nitidula e Schinus terebinthifolius e as espécies de aves que apresentaram alto índice de interação com as árvores foram Dacnis cayana, Elaenia flavogaster, Tangara cayana, Tersina viridis, Thraupis sayaca, Turdus amaurochalinus e Turdus rufiventris.

IDEOLOGÍAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y CHAMANISMO ENTRE LOS INDÍGENAS YUKUNA-MATAPÍ

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Camilo Alberto Robayo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La concepción del lenguaje de los hablantes de la lengua kamejeya, los yukuna-matapí del Amazonas colombiano, se estudia con base en información etnográfica y lingüística. Se presenta el enfoque de los planteamientos sobre el lenguaje del coinvestigador indígena Uldarico Matapí y luego se discute el concepto de ideología lingüística, desde la perspectiva de M. Rosaldo (1982 y A. Duranti (1993, para reflexionar sobre los supuestos que subyacen a cualquier concepción del lenguaje, incluida la de los antropólogos lingüistas. Una vez examinadas las particularidades de ciertas representaciones sobre las formas de comunicación en la región amazónica, se retoma la idea de animismo de Ph. Descola (1996 para entender la importancia de la perspectiva chamanística del mundo de los hablantes kamejeya. Se sostiene que el sentido de la vista proporciona unas metáforas para el saber y el poder del chamán, donde el lenguaje proporciona el armazón.

Carbon Sequestration in Protected Areas: A Case Study of an Abies religiosa (H.B.K. Schlecht. et Cham Forest

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Pablo I. Fragoso-López

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The effects of global climate change have highlighted forest ecosystems as a key element in reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of carbon content and its percentage capture in a protected Abies religiosa forest in which the study area was zoned with satellite image analysis. Dendrometric and epidometric variables were used to determine the volume and increase of aerial biomass, and stored carbon and its capture rate using equations. The results indicate that this forest contains an average of 105.72 MgC ha−1, with an estimated sequestration rate of 1.03 MgC ha−1 yr−1. The results show that carbon capture increasing depends on the increase in volume. Therefore, in order to achieve the maximum yield in a forest, it is necessary to implement sustainable forest management that favors the sustained use of soil productivity.

Isolation and identification of mold and yeast in medombae, a rice wine starter culture from Kompong Cham Province, Cambodia

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Chay, C.,

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Medombae is a dried starter culture used for traditional rice wine processing in Cambodia. However, studies on the role of mold and yeast present and their efficacy for rice wine fermentation are still limited. Cultural and morphological tests revealed that the isolated representative mold strains were isolated based on the method of identification used as Mucor spp and Rhizopus oryzae. On the other hand, the biochemical properties of the first yeast isolate using the Vitek 2 identification system and YST Card identification suggests its identity as Candida tropicalis. The second yeast strain examined for its morphological and cultural characteristic using agar slide technique, and its protein profile which was compared to the reference and sample protein masses using Biomerieux Vitek MS (MALD-TOF showed the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biochemical characteristics and cellular characteristics of the third yeast isolate as described by Lodder (1970 and Kreger-Van Rij (1984 confirmed its identity as Saccharomycopsis spp. The DNA test of identification of the isolates should be conducted to further confirm the identity of the isolates.

Radiation protection day - Book of abstracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-06-01

This document brings together the abstracts of all presentations given at the Radiation protection day organised in May 2000 by the French association for radiation protection techniques and sciences (ATSR) on the topic of the new European and French radiation protection regulations and their conditions of application in hospitals. Content: 1 - Presentation of the Office of Protection against Ionizing Radiations (O.P.R.I.), status of texts and evolution, practical implementation of operational dosimetry (Alain Valero, O.P.R.I.); 2 - Presentation of the Radiation Protection Service of the Army (S.P.R.A.) and its role in French army's hospitals (Jean-Baptiste Fleutot, S.P.R.A.); 3 - 96/29 European directive and water quality - transposition in French law (Daniel Robeau, I.P.S.N. Fontenay-Aux-Roses); 4 - Presentation of an automatized active dosimetry system (Michel Deron, G.E.M. System); 5 - Euratom 97/43 Directive from June 30, 1997 - assessment of the existing framework for patients protection in medical environment (Pierre Muglioni, APAVE Nord Ouest); 6 - Specificities of the ionising radiations risk in medical environment - presentation of a ionising radiations risk assessment grid (Marie-Christine Soula, Labour regional direction Ile de France); 7 - Low dose effects (B. Le Guen, E.D.F. G.D.F.); 8 - Operational dosimetry in the medical domain - the Saphydose dosemeter (Frederico Felix - Saphymo); 9 - Positrons and radiation protection (Luc Cinotti - C.E.R.M.E.P.); 10 - Workplace studies in medical environment - areas and personnel classification (Jean-Claude Houy, Sandrine Laugle, Eugene Marquis Cancer Centre Rennes); 11 - Experience feedback after 4 years of active dosimetry in a nuclear medicine service (Albert Lisbona, Centre Rene Gauducheau Nantes/Saint-Herblain); 12 - Operational dosimetry as it is performed today in CNRS laboratories (Helene Dossier - C.N.R.S. Orsay); 13 - Radiation protection in submarine naval forces (Pierre Laroche, Army's health service

Fenologia do florescimento e frutificação de espécies nativas dos Campos - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i3.478 Flowering phenology and fruit set of native species of the Campos ecosystem - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i3.478

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Antonio Carlos Batista

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a fenologia de 12 espécies ocorrentes no ecossistema de Campos no Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa foi realizada no Campus III, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, na cidade de Curitiba. As espécies selecionadas para a avaliação fenológica foram: Aspilia montevidensis (Sprengel Kuntze, Cacalia cognata (Less. Kuntze, Campovassouria bupleurifolia (DC. R. M. King & H. Rob., Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less. DC., Chromolaena ascendens (Sch. Bip. ex. Baker R. M. King & H. Rob., Lessingianthus glabratus (Less. H. Rob. (Asteraceae, Eryngium sanguisorba Cham. & Schtdl. (Apiaceae, Moritzia dusenii Johnston (Boraginaceae, Petunia linoides Sendtn. (Solanaceae, Senna neglecta (Vogel H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae, Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl. Cogn. (Melastomataceae e Verbena rigida Spreng (Verbenaceae. A metodologia utilizada foi a avaliação qualitativa dos dados fenológicos (floração e frutificação, observados quinzenalmente, durante o ano de 2004. As variáveis climáticas: temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, precipitação e fotoperíodo foram obtidas diariamente para verificar sua relação com as fenofases. Os resultados indicaram que, das espécies estudadas, seis tiveram fase fenológica reprodutiva entre janeiro e agosto, enquanto as demais tiveram a interrupção do período reprodutivo durante o inverno, com exceção de Aspilia montevidensis que apresentou floração e frutificação durante todo o ano.The aim of this work is to study the phenology of twelve species that occur in “Campos” ecosystem in Paraná state. This research was carried out at the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus III, in Curitiba city. The selected species for phenologic evaluation were: Aspilia montevidensis (Sprengel Kuntze, Cacalia cognata (Less. Kuntze, Campovassouria bupleurifolia (DC. R. M. King & H. Rob., Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less. DC., Chromolaena ascendens (Sch. Bip. ex. Baker R. M. King & H

Fenologia do florescimento e frutificação de espécies nativas dos Campos = Flowering phenology and fruit set of native species of the Campos ecosystem

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Antonio Carlos Batista

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a fenologia de 12 espécies ocorrentes no ecossistema de Campos no Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa foi realizada no Campus III, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, na cidade de Curitiba. As espécies selecionadas para a avaliação fenológica foram: Aspilia montevidensis (Sprengel Kuntze, Cacalia cognata (Less. Kuntze, Campovassouria bupleurifolia (DC. R. M. King & H. Rob., Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less. DC., Chromolaena ascendens (Sch. Bip. ex. Baker R. M. King & H. Rob., Lessingianthus glabratus (Less. H. Rob. (Asteraceae, Eryngium sanguisorba Cham. &Schtdl. (Apiaceae, Moritzia dusenii Johnston (Boraginaceae, Petunia linoides Sendtn. (Solanaceae, Senna neglecta (Vogel H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae, Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl. Cogn. (Melastomataceae e Verbena rigida Spreng (Verbenaceae. A metodologiautilizada foi a avaliação qualitativa dos dados fenológicos (floração e frutificação, observados quinzenalmente, durante o ano de 2004. As variáveis climáticas: temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, precipitação e fotoperíodo foram obtidas diariamente para verificar sua relação com as fenofases. Os resultados indicaram que, das espécies estudadas, seis tiveram fase fenológica reprodutiva entre janeiro e agosto, enquanto as demais tiveram a interrupção do período reprodutivo durante o inverno, com exceção de Aspilia montevidensis que apresentou floração e frutificação durante todo o ano.The aim of this work is to study the phenology of twelve species that occur in “Campos” ecosystem in Paraná state. This research was carried out at the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus III, in Curitiba city. The selected species for phenologic evaluation were: Aspilia montevidensis (Sprengel Kuntze, Cacalia cognata (Less. Kuntze, Campovassouria bupleurifolia (DC. R. M. King & H. Rob., Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less. DC., Chromolaena ascendens (Sch. Bip. ex. Baker R. M. King & H. Rob

Composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica de dois fragmentos de floresta de restinga no Município de Bertioga, SP, Brasil Floristic and phytosociological analysis of two fragments of restinga forest in Bertioga, São Paulo State, Brazil

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Daniela Guedes

2006-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado em dois fragmentos de floresta de restinga (floresta inundável e floresta não inundável no Município de Bertioga, Estado de São Paulo, em uma área com extensão total aproximada de 3.000.000 m², pertencente ao condomínio residencial Riviera de São Lourenço. Para o levantamento fitossociológico foram instaladas 48 parcelas de 10×10 m distribuídas em blocos de 20×30 m e de 10×30 m, onde foram amostrados todos os indivíduos lenhosos com perímetro do caule à altura do peito (PAP igual ou superior a 10 cm. Foram levantados 893 indivíduos distribuídos em 83 espécies e 31 famílias. As espécies da floresta não inundável com maior valor de importância (VI foram: Manilkara subsericea (Mart. Dubard, Amaioua intermedia Mart. ex K. Schum., Didymopanax angustissimum A. Sampaio, Miconia cubatanensis Hoehne, Euterpe edulis Mart., Syagrus pseudococos (Raud. Glassm., Bactris setosa Mart., Guarea macrophylla Vahl. e Nectandra oppositifolia Ness & Mart. ex Mez. e na floresta inundável: Eriotheca pentaphylla (Vell. emend K. Schum. A. Robyns, Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Syagrus pseudococos, Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam. DC., Manilkara subsericea, Tabebuia obtusifolia (Cham Bureau, Didymopanax angustissimum, Sloanea guianensis (Aubl. Benth. e Amaioua intermedia. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H' foi de 3,50 nats/ind. para a floresta inundável e 3,70 nats/ind. para a floresta não inundável.A phytosociological investigation in two fragments of restinga forest (flooded and nonflooded in Riviera de São Lourenço complex, Bertioga, São Paulo, was carried out. Each fragment in the phytosociological survey was studied using 10×10 m plots. These plots were distributed in blocks of 20×30 m and 10×30 m, for a total area of 4,800 m². The 893 individuals sampled in both fragments were distributed in 83 species and 31 families. The species with highest importance values (IV in the flooded restinga

Chemical composition and fumigant effect of essentialoil of Lippia sidoides Cham. and monoterpenes against Tenebrio molitor (L. (coleoptera: tenebrionidae Composição química e efeito fumigante do óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides Cham. e monoterpenos sobre Tenebrio molitor (L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae

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Rafaela Karin Lima

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The chemical composition of Lippia sidoides essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation was characterized and quantified by GC/MS and their insecticidal activity by fumigation test was assayed against Tenebrio molitor. Moreover, the toxicity of monoterpenes carvacrol, 1,8-cineol and thymol were also evaluated when applied alone or in binary (1:1 or tertiary (1:1:1 mixture. The essential oil of L. sidoides has as major constituents carvacrol (31.68%, ρ-cymene (19.58%, 1,8-cineole (9.26% and ϒ-terpinene (9.21%, from a 21 compounds identified, being 92.53% of total. Both compounds have insecticidal activity against T. molitor, being the degree of toxicity of carvacrol > 1,8-cineole > L. sidoides essential oil > thymol, and its respectively LC50 at 24h were 5.53; 5.71; 8.04 and 14.71 µL/L air. When the different mixture of carvacrol, 1,8-cineole and thymol was assayed against T. molitor, the synergism among them was observed. For the mixture of carvacrol:1,8-cineole LC50 was 5.34 µL/L air; carvacrol:thymol 7.67 µL/L air; 1,8-cineole:thymol 7.51 µL/L air and carvacrol:1,8-cineole:thymol 6.34 µL/L air. Mainly, the monoterpene thymol had a synergic effect, which increased the toxicity of carvacrol and 1,8-cineole, both in binary mixture like carvacrol:thymol and 1,8-cineole:thymol.A composição química do óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides obtido por hidrodestilação foi caracterizada e quantificada por GC/MS, bem como sua atividade inseticida por teste de fumigação foi avaliada sobre Tenebrio molitor. Além disso, a toxicidade dos monoterpenos carvacrol, 1,8-cineol e timol, também foi avaliada quando esses compostos foram aplicados isoladamente, ou em misturas binárias (1:1, ou terciárias (1:1:1. O óleo essencial de L. sidoides tem como principais constituintes o carvacrol (31,68%, ρ-cimeno (19,58%, 1,8-cineol (9,26% e ϒ-terpineno (9,21%, em 21 compostos identificados, sendo 92,53% do total. Ambos os compostos possuem atividade inseticida contra T. molitor, seguindo a ordem de toxicidade: carvacrol > 1,8-cineol > óleo essencial de L. sidoides > timol; sendo suas respectivas CL50 à 24 h de 5,53; 5,71; 8,04 e 14,71 µL/L ar. Quando as diferentes misturas de carvacrol, 1,8-cineol e timol foram avaliadas contra T. molitor, verificou-se o efeito sinérgico. Para a mistura de carvacrol:1,8-cineol a CL50 foi de 5,34 µL/L ar; carvacrol:timol de 7,67 µL/L ar; 1,8-cineol:timol de 7,51 µL/L ar e carvacrol:1,8-cineol:timol de 6,34 µL/L ar. Principalmente o monoterpeno timol teve efeito sinérgico, aumentando a toxicidade de carvacrol e 1,8-cineol quando em misturas binárias, tais como carvacrol:timol e 1,8-cineol:timol.

Estratégias de utilização de luz e estabilidade do desenvolvimento de plântulas de Cordia superba Cham. (Boraginaceae crescidas em diferentes ambientes luminosos Light utilization strategies and developmental stability of Cordia superba Cham. (Boraginaceae seedlings grown in different light environments

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Gustavo Maia Souza

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A utilização fotossintética da luz é um componente fundamental para a distribuição das espécies ao longo de um gradiente de regeneração de clareiras. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as estratégias de utilização da luz e como isto poderia afetar a estabilidade do desenvolvimento de plantas da espécie Cordia superba crescidas em dois ambientes com irradiações contrastantes. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento com plantas de 12 meses de idade de C. superba, uma espécie pioneira arbórea, crescidas a pleno sol e sombreamento de 85%. Foram avaliados aspectos fisiológicos como crescimento e fluorescência da clorofila, e aspectos da arquitetura das copas como ângulo de folha e índice de área foliar. Também foi realizada uma análise da estabilidade do desenvolvimento por meio da avaliação da simetria foliar. Os resultados mostraram que esta espécie possui a capacidade de desenvolver diferentes fenótipos em resposta a disponibilidades de luz contrastantes, apresentando características de plantas de sol bem como de sombra nos respectivos ambientes de crescimento. Todavia, as plantas crescidas no ambiente ensolarado apresentaram folhas mais simétricas, em relação às plantas de sombra. Isto sugere que, apesar do ambiente de pleno sol possuir uma maior heterogeneidade ambiental do que ambientes sombreados, o status de espécie pioneira de C. superba parece ser uma característica adaptativa suficientemente desenvolvida para permitir a formação de um fenótipo estável em um ambiente variávelPhotosynthetic light utilization plays a major role in species distribution along gap regeneration gradients. The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies of light utilization and the possible influence on developmental stability of seedlings of the woody pioneer species Cordia superba grown under contrasting light environments. To this end, an experiment was carried out with 12-month-old C. superba seedlings grown under full sunlight and under 85% shade. Physiological aspects such as plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence, and canopy architecture traits such as leaf angle and leaf area index were analyzed. A developmental stability analysis was also performed by leaf symmetry measurements. The results showed that C. superba seedlings have the capacity to develop different phenotypes in response to contrasting light availability, showing sun and shade plant traits according to respective growth environments. However, the plants grown in full sunlight showed more symmetric leaves than leaves developed in shade conditions. This suggests that, despite the greater environmental heterogeneity of full sunlight in relation to a shade environment, the status of pioneer species of C. superba seems to be a well developed adaptive trait allowing plants to develop a stable phenotype in a changing environment

Phytoremediation potential of transplanted bare-root seedlings of trees for lead/zinc and copper mine tailings.

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Xiang; Chen, Yi-Tai; Wang, Shu-Feng; Pan, Hong-Wei; Sun, Hai-Jing; Liu, Cai-Xia; Liu, Jian-Feng; Jiang, Ze-Ping

2016-11-01

Selecting plant species that can overcome unfavorable conditions and increase the recovery of degraded mined lands remains a challenge. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using transplanted tree seedlings for the phytoremediation of lead/zinc and copper mine tailings. One-year-old bare-root of woody species (Rhus chinensis Mill, Quercus acutissima Carruth, Liquidambar formosana Hance, Vitex trifolia Linn. var. simplicifolia Cham, Lespedeza cuneata and Amorpha fruticosa Linn) were transplanted into pots with mine tailings and tested as potential metal-tolerant plants. Seedling survival, plant growth, root trait, nutrient uptake, and metal accumulation and translocation were assessed. The six species grew in both tailings and showed different tolerance level. A. fruticosa was highly tolerant of Zn, Pb and Cu, and grew normally in both tailings. Metal concentrations were higher in the roots than in the shoots of the six species. All of the species had low bioconcentration and translocation factor values. However, R. chinensis and L. formosana had significantly higher translocation factor values for Pb (0.88) and Zn (1.78) than the other species. The nitrogen-fixing species, A. fruticosa, had the highest tolerance and biomass production, implying that it has great potential in the phytoremediation of tailing areas in southern China.

Effect of retention in elementary grades on grade 9 motivation for educational attainment.

Science.gov (United States)

Cham, Heining; Hughes, Jan N; West, Stephen G; Im, Myung Hee

2015-02-01

This study investigated the effect of grade retention in elementary school on students' motivation for educational attainment in grade 9. We equated retained and promoted students on 67 covariates assessed in grade 1 through propensity score weighting. Retained students (31.55%, nretained=177) and continuously promoted students (68.45%, npromoted=384) were compared on the bifactor model of motivation for educational attainment (Cham, Hughes, West & Im, 2014). This model consists of a General factor (student's overall motivation for educational attainment), and three specific factors: student perceived Teacher Educational Expectations, Peer Educational Aspirations, and Value of Education. Measurement invariance between retained and promoted groups was established. Retained students scored significantly higher than promoted students on each specific factor but not on the General factor. Results showed that the retained and promoted students did not significantly differ on the General factor. The retained students had significantly higher scores on each specific factor than those of the promoted students. The results suggested that grade retention may not have the negative effects so widely assumed in the published literature; it is an expensive intervention with minimal evidence of benefits to the retained student. Copyright © 2014 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nanotechnology in Phytotherapy: Antiinflammatory Effect of a Nanostructured Thymol Gel from Lippia sidoides in Acute Periodontitis in Rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Botelho, Marco A; Barros, Gisele; Queiroz, Dinalva B; Carvalho, Celso Felício; Gouvea, Julia; Patrus, Lia; Bannet, Mariane; Patrus, Danile; Rego, Amália; Silva, Ivaldo; Campus, Guglielmo; Araújo-Filho, Irami

2016-01-01

Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae) is largely distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil. It is popularly known as 'Alecrim-pimenta'. Recent studies have shown that some species of Lippia have interesting pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nanostructured thymol gel (TG) 1.2 mg/g on acute phase of ligature-induced periodontitis model [acute periodontal disease (APD)] in rats. APD was induced in 24 Wistar rats subjected to ligature placement on left molars in maxillae. Animals were treated with TG, immediately after APD induction. Saline-based gel was utilized as negative control and diethylammonium diclofenac gel 10 mg/g was used as positive control. Animals were randomly assigned into the groups. The periodontium and the surrounding gingiva were examined at histopathology, as well as the neutrophil influx into the gingiva was assayed using myeloperoxidase activity levels by ELISA method. TG treatment reduced tissue lesion at histopathology coupled to decreased myeloperoxidase activity production in gingival tissue when compared with the saline gel control group (p < 0.05). The TG gel was able to provide a significant myeloperoxidase decreasing in gingiva tissue confirming to be effective in reducing gingival inflammation in this model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Factors Associated with Post-Surgical Delirium in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery

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Yadollah Jannati

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine the incidence of delirium and the associated factors in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Methods: This is an Analytic-descriptive study conducted on 404 patients undergoing elective open heart surgery in Fatemeh Zahra Heart Center, Sari, over the period of 6 months from July to December 2011. Sampling was achieved in a nonrandomized targeted manner and delirium was assessed using NeeCham questionnaire. A trained nurse evaluated the patients for delirium and completed the risk factor checklist on days 1 to 5 after surgery. Data analyses were accomplished using survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression on SPSS software version 15. Results: We found that variables, including ventilation time, increased drainage during the first 24 hours, the need for re-operation in the first 24 hours, dysrhythmias, use of inotropic agents, increased use of analgesics, increased arterial carbon dioxide, lack of visitors, and use of physical restrainers were associated with the development of delirium. In addition, we found a delirium incidence of 29%. Conclusion: Diagnosis of cognitive disorders is of utmost value; therefore, further studies are required to clarify the risk factors because controlling them will help prevent delirium.

Experience de conduite, alcool et environnement monotone. In Sandrine Gaymard et Teodor Tiplica (Eds.) Sécurité routière : un défi à l'aube du XXIème siècle

OpenAIRE

BERTHELON, Catherine; GALY, Edith

2017-01-01

L'hypothèse est faite que la prise d'une faible dose d'alcool en début d'après-midi, au moment de la baisse physiologique du niveau de vigilance (creux post prandial), pourrait entraîner un assoupissement précoce, notamment chez les jeunes conducteurs novices, ayant des répercussions sur la performance. La baisse de performance devrait s'amplifier au fur et à mesure de la conduite, de par la monotonie et la longueur de la séance de conduite. Seize jeunes conducteurs de 18 ans venant d'obtenir...

Teor de óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta em função do horário de colheita Essential oil content of pepper-rosmarin as a function of harvest time

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Marco Túlio Pinheiro de Melo

2011-07-01

Full Text Available O alecrim-pimenta é uma importante planta medicinal, nativa do nordeste brasileiro, que, devido ao seu óleo essencial, apresenta grande potencial antifúngico e antibacteriano. Um dos fatores que afetam o teor de metabólitos secundários das plantas é o horário de colheita, assim, o conhecimento desse fator subsidia as decisões agronômicas da espécie, favorecendo o aumento do teor de óleo essencial no momento da colheita. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do horário de colheita na produção de óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, definidos pelos horários de coleta das folhas (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 e 18:00 e seis repetições, sendo esse o número de coletas em cada tratamento. As folhas foram obtidas de plantas matrizes do Horto Medicinal do ICA/UFMG. O óleo essencial foi obtido pelo método de hidrodestilação usando o aparelho de Clevenger. A análise de regressão apresentou um efeito cúbico para o teor de óleo essencial, sendo que o maior valor, 5,78% em relação à matéria seca, foi obtido às 9h59min. Portanto, recomenda-se a colheita das folhas de alecrim-pimenta próximo das 10h.The pepper-rosmarin is an important medicinal plant, native of Northeast of Brazil, that, because of its essential oil, presents great antifungal and antibacterial potential. One of the factors that affect the secondary metabolites content of plants is the harvest time, thus, the knowledge of this factor subsidizes the decisions agronomic species, favoring the increase of essential oil content at the harvest moment. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of harvest time on the essential oil production of pepper-rosmarin (Lippia

Potencial alelopático de macrófitas aquáticas de um estuário cego Allelopathic potential of aquatic macrophytes from a blind estuary

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Leandro Kenji Takao

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Macrófitas aquáticas representam uma das comunidades mais produtivas e através de sua atividade metabólica são capazes de produzir grandes interferências no ambiente. As interações alelopáticas são aparentemente aumentadas sob condições de estresse biótico e abiótico e podem existir em estuários devido à competição, variações de salinidade e outros fatores. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades alelopáticas de extratos aquosos foliares de 25 espécies de macrófitas aquáticas de um estuário cego. Testamos os efeitos dos extratos foliares em quatro concentrações sobre a germinação de alface. Ordenamos e comparamos as espécies doadoras de acordo com a dose reposta sobre a variedade de tratamentos a partir de valores únicos de índices alelopáticos. Onze das 25 espécies diminuíram a porcentagem de germinação, todas diminuíram a velocidade de germinação e aumentaram a entropia informacional de germinação das sementes da espécie alvo em pelo menos uma das concentrações testadas. Crinum americanum L., Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schl. e Ipomoea cairica (L Sweet apresentaram os maiores valores de índice alelopático. Em geral, as menores porcentagens de germinação coincidiram com as menores velocidades e maiores entropias informacionais de germinação das sementes de alface, mostrando um conjunto de alterações ocorrendo simultaneamente com o aumento da concentração dos extratos.Aquatic macrophytes represent one of the most productive communities and through metabolic activity are capable of producing great interference in the environment. Allelopathic interactions are apparently increased under biotic and abiotic stress and may exist in estuaries due to competition, salinity variation and other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic properties of leaf extracts of 25 aquatic macrophyte species from a blind estuary. We tested leaf extract effects in four

Efeito de Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham. & Schltdl. (Guttiferae sobre contrações em íleo isolado de cobaio induzidas por diferentes agonistas

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Alice F. Viana

Full Text Available Na última década, o gênero Hypericum ganhou repercussão mundial devido à utilização de Hypericum perforatum para obtenção de medicamentos antidepressivos. Por esta razão, a maioria dos estudos com outras espécies do gênero centra-se nesta atividade. Porém, um dos usos populares de espécies de Hypericum nativas do sul do Brasil é no tratamento de problemas gastrintestinais, inclusive como antiespasmódico. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de uma das espécies de Hypericum nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, H. caprifoliatum, sobre as contrações induzidas por agonistas em íleo isolado de cobaio. Foi investigado o efeito de um extrato ciclo-hexano purificado (isento de clorofila e ceras, nas concentrações de 1, 3, 10 e 30 mg/mL, sobre curvas cumulativas de acetilcolina, histamina, potássio e serotonina (10-7 a 10-4 M. Na concentração de 30 mg/mL o extrato inibiu totalmente as contrações induzidas por todos os agonistas. Na concentração de 10 mg/mL, o extrato apresentou efeito antagonista não-competitivo de serotonina, reduzindo a contração máxima induzida por serotonina em cerca de 50 %. A resposta contrátil aos outros mediadores não foi alterada. Estes resultados indicam que espécies de Hypericum do sul do Brasil podem ser uma perspectiva interessante na busca de moléculas com atividade sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal.

Evidences that human disturbance simplify the ant fauna associated a Stachytarpheta glabra Cham. (Verbenaceae compromising the benefits of ant-plant mutualism

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BC. Barbosa

Full Text Available Interaction among species, like ants and plants through extrafloral nectaries (EFNs, are important components of ecological communities’ evolution. However, the effect of human disturbance on such specific interactions and its ecological consequences is poorly understood. This study evaluated the outcomes of mutualism between ants and the EFN-bearing plant Stachytarpheta glabra under anthropogenic disturbance. We compared the arthropod fauna composition between two groups of twenty plant individuals, one in an area disturbed by human activities and one in a preserved area. We also check the plant investment in herbivory defense and the consequential leaf damage by herbivore. Our results indicate that such disturbances cause simplification of the associated fauna and lack of proper ant mutualist. This led to four times more herbivory on plants of disturbed areas, despite the equal amount of EFN and ant visitors and low abundance of herbivores. The high pressure of herbivory may difficult the re-establishment of S. glabra, an important pioneer species in ferruginous fields, therefore it may affect resilience of this fragile ecological community.

Detection of anthraquinones and identification of 1,4-naphthohydroquinone in cell suspension cultures of Rudgea jasminoides (Cham.) Müll. Arg. (Rubiaceae)

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Marisa de Cacia; Negri, Giusepina; Salatino, Antônio; Braga, Márcia Regina

2007-01-01

In Rubiaceae, anthraquinones and naphthoquinones are secondary metabolites characteristic of the subfamily Rubioideae, in which Rudgea jasminoides is included. Thin-layer chromatography using specific solvent systems and spray reagents indicated the presence of anthraquinones constitutively produced by cell suspension cultures of R. jasminoides. GC/MS analysis detected 1,4-naphthohydroquinone as a product of biosynthesis only after elicitation of the cells with yeast extract (Saccharomyces ce...

Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths among Inhabitants of Cambodia (2006-2011)

Science.gov (United States)

Yong, Tai-Soon; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Eom, Keeseon S.; Jeoung, Hoo-Gn; Hoang, Eui-Hyug; Yoon, Cheong-Ha; Jung, Bong-Kwang; Lee, Soon-Hyung; Sinuon, Muth; Socheat, Duong

2014-01-01

In order to investigate the status of intestinal helminthic infections in Cambodia, epidemiological surveys were carried out on a national scale, including 19 provinces. A total of 32,201 fecal samples were collected from schoolchildren and adults between 2006 and 2011 and examined once by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths was 26.2%. The prevalence of hookworms was the highest (9.6%), followed by that of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF) (5.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.6%), and Trichuris trichiura (4.1%). Other types of parasites detected were Enterobius vermicularis (1.1%), Taenia spp. (0.4%), and Hymenolepis spp. (0.2%). The northwestern regions such as the Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, and Banteay Meanchey Provinces showed higher prevalences (17.4-22.3%) of hookworms than the other localities. The southwestern areas, including Koh Kong and Preah Sihanouk Provinces showed higher prevalences of A. lumbricoides (17.5-19.2%) and T. trichiura (6.1-21.0%). Meanwhile, the central and southern areas, in particular, Takeo and Kampong Cham Provinces, showed high prevalences of Ov/MIF (23.8-24.0%). The results indicate that a considerably high prevalence of intestinal helminths has been revealed in Cambodia, and thus sustained national parasite control projects are necessary to reduce morbidity due to parasitic infections in Cambodia. PMID:25548418

Phylogeographic and genome-wide investigations of Vietnam ethnic groups reveal signatures of complex historical demographic movements.

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Pischedda, S; Barral-Arca, R; Gómez-Carballa, A; Pardo-Seco, J; Catelli, M L; Álvarez-Iglesias, V; Cárdenas, J M; Nguyen, N D; Ha, H H; Le, A T; Martinón-Torres, F; Vullo, C; Salas, A

2017-10-03

The territory of present-day Vietnam was the cradle of one of the world's earliest civilizations, and one of the first world regions to develop agriculture. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) complete control region of six ethnic groups and the mitogenomes from Vietnamese in The 1000 Genomes Project (1000G). Genome-wide data from 1000G (~55k SNPs) were also investigated to explore different demographic scenarios. All Vietnamese carry South East Asian (SEA) haplotypes, which show a moderate geographic and ethnic stratification, with the Mong constituting the most distinctive group. Two new mtDNA clades (M7b1a1f1 and F1f1) point to historical gene flow between the Vietnamese and other neighboring countries. Bayesian-based inferences indicate a time-deep and continuous population growth of Vietnamese, although with some exceptions. The dramatic population decrease experienced by the Cham 700 years ago (ya) fits well with the Nam tiến ("southern expansion") southwards from their original heartland in the Red River Delta. Autosomal SNPs consistently point to important historical gene flow within mainland SEA, and add support to a main admixture event occurring between Chinese and a southern Asian ancestral composite (mainly represented by the Malay). This admixture event occurred ~800 ya, again coinciding with the Nam tiến.

The effect of user fee exemption on the utilization of maternal health care at mission health facilities in Malawi.

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Manthalu, Gerald; Yi, Deokhee; Farrar, Shelley; Nkhoma, Dominic

2016-11-01

The Government of Malawi has signed contracts called service level agreements (SLAs) with mission health facilities in order to exempt their catchment populations from paying user fees. Government in turn reimburses the facilities for the services that they provide. SLAs started in 2006 with 28 out of 165 mission health facilities and increased to 74 in 2015. Most SLAs cover only maternal, neonatal and in some cases child health services due to limited resources. This study evaluated the effect of user fee exemption on the utilization of maternal health services. The difference-in-differences approach was combined with propensity score matching to evaluate the causal effect of user fee exemption. The gradual uptake of the policy provided a natural experiment with treated and control health facilities. A second control group, patients seeking non-maternal health care at CHAM health facilities with SLAs, was used to check the robustness of the results obtained using the primary control group. Health facility level panel data for 142 mission health facilities from 2003 to 2010 were used. User fee exemption led to a 15% (P fee exemption is an important policy for increasing maternal health care utilization. For certain maternal services, however, other determinants may be more important. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

ELEMENTS OF GROUND FLOOR GYMNA STICS FOR INDIVIDUAL WORK WITH A CIRCULAR ATTACKER – PRO GRAMM

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Fahrudin Mavrić

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Po si tion of a cir cu lar at tac ker (pi vot man, player in the li ne, etc. is most spe cifi c and pro bably most dif fi cult. Play of a cir cu lar at tac ker re gar ding pre sent de fen si ve for ma ti ons ac cor ding to this year’s World Cham pi on ship in Ger many Is ba sed upon se ar ching and ma king of spa ce in very ac ti ve de fen si ve for ma ti ons with the player’s task to pro vi de si tu a tion of sco ring of so me of his co-players using dif fe rent bloc ka des etc. , or do ing it him self. Pi vot man is not only a player of po wer ac ting as a ram part, but al so a mul ti-tasking sports at hle te or a gymna stics uni ver sal player. In this work we emp ha si zed ele ments of gro und fl o or gymna stics in vol ved in trai ning pro cess of Hand ball club No vi Pa zar players with na ac cent of in di vi dual work with pi vot man.

Allelopathic effect of essential oils of medicinal plants in Bidens pilosa L.

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M.C.S. Alves

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We determined the inhibitory allelopathic effects of the volatile extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness, Lippia sidoides Cham. and Cymbopogum nardus L. on seed germination and root growth of seedlings of Bidens pilosa. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Ceará. For this end, we used oils at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08% (v/v. Five treatments were used for each of the oils arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. The seeds were sown in Petri dishes lined with filter paper moistened with distilled water and, aiming at the indirect contact with each oil, two sheets of filter paper were placed on top of the lid, in which three (3 mL of each oil solution were added. Then, the dishes were incubated in a germination chamber at 25°C. The pH did not contribute to alter the results; the volatile extracts of essential oils of C. zeylanicum, L. sidoides and C. nardus inhibited seed germination and root growth of seedlings of B. pilosa, which shows allelopathic potential; and the concentration of 0.08% of oils caused the overall deterioration of the roots and death of seedlings of B. pilosa.

Quantitative assessment of a spatial multicriteria model for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Thailand, and application in Cambodia

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Paul, Mathilde C.; Goutard, Flavie L.; Roulleau, Floriane; Holl, Davun; Thanapongtharm, Weerapong; Roger, François L.; Tran, Annelise

2016-01-01

The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (HPAI) virus is now considered endemic in several Asian countries. In Cambodia, the virus has been circulating in the poultry population since 2004, with a dramatic effect on farmers’ livelihoods and public health. In Thailand, surveillance and control are still important to prevent any new H5N1 incursion. Risk mapping can contribute effectively to disease surveillance and control systems, but is a very challenging task in the absence of reliable disease data. In this work, we used spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to produce risk maps for HPAI H5N1 in poultry. We aimed to i) evaluate the performance of the MCDA approach to predict areas suitable for H5N1 based on a dataset from Thailand, comparing the predictive capacities of two sources of a priori knowledge (literature and experts), and ii) apply the best method to produce a risk map for H5N1 in poultry in Cambodia. Our results showed that the expert-based model had a very high predictive capacity in Thailand (AUC = 0.97). Applied in Cambodia, MCDA mapping made it possible to identify hotspots suitable for HPAI H5N1 in the Tonlé Sap watershed, around the cities of Battambang and Kampong Cham, and along the Vietnamese border. PMID:27489997

Prevalence of intestinal helminths among inhabitants of Cambodia (2006-2011).

Science.gov (United States)

Yong, Tai-Soon; Chai, Jong-Yil; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Eom, Keeseon S; Jeoung, Hoo-Gn; Hoang, Eui-Hyug; Yoon, Cheong-Ha; Jung, Bong-Kwang; Lee, Soon-Hyung; Sinuon, Muth; Socheat, Duong

2014-12-01

In order to investigate the status of intestinal helminthic infections in Cambodia, epidemiological surveys were carried out on a national scale, including 19 provinces. A total of 32,201 fecal samples were collected from schoolchildren and adults between 2006 and 2011 and examined once by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths was 26.2%. The prevalence of hookworms was the highest (9.6%), followed by that of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF) (5.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.6%), and Trichuris trichiura (4.1%). Other types of parasites detected were Enterobius vermicularis (1.1%), Taenia spp. (0.4%), and Hymenolepis spp. (0.2%). The northwestern regions such as the Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, and Banteay Meanchey Provinces showed higher prevalences (17.4-22.3%) of hookworms than the other localities. The southwestern areas, including Koh Kong and Preah Sihanouk Provinces showed higher prevalences of A. lumbricoides (17.5-19.2%) and T. trichiura (6.1-21.0%). Meanwhile, the central and southern areas, in particular, Takeo and Kampong Cham Provinces, showed high prevalences of Ov/MIF (23.8-24.0%). The results indicate that a considerably high prevalence of intestinal helminths has been revealed in Cambodia, and thus sustained national parasite control projects are necessary to reduce morbidity due to parasitic infections in Cambodia.

In vivo anti-arthritic and antioxidant effects from the standardized ethanolic extract of Moussonia deppeana

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Gabriel A. Gutiérrez-Rebolledo

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Moussonia deppeana (Schltdl. & Cham. Klotzsch ex Hanst., Gesneriaceae, known as tlachichinole, is a Mexican medicinal plant used for treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis. In this paper, the main metabolite verbascoside was quantified in ethanolic extract; anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities were also evaluated in Complete Freund's Adjuvant induced arthritis in mice, with complete hematological evaluation, and oxidative stress measure in edema and ganglionic tissues on day 28. In popliteal ganglion, CD4+ lymphocytes and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration were measured in addition to histological analysis. Ethanolic extract contained 79.2 mg of verbascoside/g extract, and this extract at 450 mg/kg generated an inhibition of 24% over paw edema development and increased body weight gain on final day. For hematological parameters, same dose decreased total leukocytes and lymphocytes, as well as decreased oxidation rate over biomolecules in edema and ganglionic tissues, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. In ganglionic tissue, CD4+ lymphocytes and tumor necrosis factor alpha level showed no differences at any tested dose compared to complete Freund's adjuvant untreated group. Histological analysis of popliteal ganglion revealed moderate reduction of follicular hyperplasia, leukocyte infiltration and lipid inclusions at 450 mg/kg dose. Ethanolic extract of M. deppeana possesses anti-edematous activity associated to a moderate reduction in follicular hyperplasia, with immune-modulatory and antioxidant effects during experimental arthritis in mice.

AHP 35: Review Essay: COMPARATIVE BORDERLANDS ACROSS DISCIPLINES AND ACROSS SOUTHEAST ASIA

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William B. Noseworthy

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Early in the colonial period, many studies examining upland Southeast Asia focused on ethnography and ecology as a means for the colonial state to better understand the region's geography. This process resulted in the construction of physical, social, and intellectual boundaries that sought to maintain control of the colonial enterprise. The natural borderlands of the region defied such easy definition – the highlands, the plains at the edges of deltas, and heavily forested regions – became a fascination of colonial study. In the climate of pending Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN integration, which promises to begin the process of loosening restrictions for border crossing between Southeast Asian states by area residents, the study of borderlands has risen again. Because many of these border areas have pockets of highlands culture, continued study of the uplands is particularly relevant to deepening an understanding of the region. This review of several books on the Southeast Asian uplands explores historical and cultural strategies of individuals, particularly in Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, the Dayak community on the island of Borneo, and the Cham community in Vietnam and Cambodia, as well as some of the challenges that they face regarding 'the borderlands'. Putting these studies in conversation can help develop an interdisciplinary dialogue between scholars in Anthropology, Political Science, Linguistics, Ethnomusicology, and History, allowing for a more integrated international perspective.

Estudio anatómico y distribución de las reservas proteicas y lipídicas en semillas de diferentes tamaños de Cuphea glutinosa (Lythraceae

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María Elena di Santo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Cuphea glutinosa Cham et Schltdl., especie autóctona de las Sierras Pampeanas de la República Argentina, produce un alto número de semillas con abundante cantidad de reservas que almacena en cuerpos proteicos (CP y lipídicos (CL en sus cotiledones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los detalles anatómicos de las semillas, las características de las cubiertas, los volúmenes celulares y el número y tamaño de los CP y CL presentes en el parénquima en empalizada, esponjoso y epidermis de cotiledones de dos tamaños de semilla. Se trabajó con semillas grandes y chicas con un peso de 1,011 ± 0,0035 g y 0,557 ± 0,0026 g cada 1.000 semillas, respectivamente. El estudio se realizó sobre fotografías del MEB y con el programa ImageJ 1.40 y los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente. Cuphea glutinosa presenta una notable cubierta seminal de células cúbicas que rodea al embrión. Los cotiledones muestran una anatomía semejante a la de una hoja adulta con importantes variaciones de los volúmenes celulares entre tejidos de ambos tipos de semillas. El tamaño de la semilla no tuvo influencia en el tamaño de los CP ni CL en los diferentes tejidos cotiledonales. Sin embargo, la distribución se vio fuertemente influenciada, ya que las semillas grandes acumulan sus reservas fundamentalmente en CP, en cambio las semillas chicas las acumulan en CL manteniendo con pocas variaciones el contenido energético, no obstante las grandes variaciones en el tamaño de la semilla.Anatomical study and distribution of proteic and lipidic reserves in different seeds' sizes of Cuphea glutinosa (Lythraceae. Cuphea glutinosa Cham et Schltdl., autochthonous species from the Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina, it produces a high number of seeds with abundant reserves in protein (PB and oil bodies (OB of its cotyledonal tissues. The objective of the present work was to determine anatomical details of seeds, characteristics of the covers, cellular

Riqueza, relevância e estratégias para a conservação de fisionomias campestres do Cerrado no Horto Florestal de Botucatu, SP, Brasil. Richness, relevance and conservation strategies for savanna grasslands in the Horto Florestal of Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

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Natashi Aparecida Lima PILON

2017-06-01

Full Text Available As fitofisionomias campestres e as plantas do estrato herbáceo-arbustivo têm sido pouco estudadas em todo o mundo e, pelo seu desconhecimento, poucos esforços têm sido empreendidos em sua conservação. Visando contribuir para preencher esta lacuna, efetuamos a caracterização florística e do espectro biológico das fisionomias campo sujo e campo limpo úmido em um remanescente de vegetação de Cerrado no Horto Florestal de Botucatu, SP. Registramos, no total, 210 espécies, sendo a maioria ervas (61%, seguidas de arbustos (17% e subarbustos (17%. Espécies arbóreas representam apenas 6% da riqueza da flora local. Apenas 12 espécies foram comuns às duas fisionomias, indicando alta especificidade de habitat (alta diversidade beta. O campo sujo apresentou maior riqueza de espécies e diversidade de formas de vida, mas o número de famílias foi maior no campo úmido. Entre as espécies observadas, seis estão ameaçadas de extinção no estado de SP e no Brasil: Evolvulus fuscus Meisn., Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl. Knobl., Camarea hirsuta A.St-Hil., Andropogon hypogynus Hack., Richardia stellaris (Cham. & Schltdl. Steud. e Xyris brevifolia Michx. Embora a área estudada seja pequena, com 33,88 ha de extensão, sujeita a impactos diversos devido à sua localização na zona urbana do município, a elevada biodiversidade ainda existente nesta rara amostra remanescente das fisionomias campestres de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo fortalece sua relevância para a conservação do bioma e a recomendação de que seja categorizada como Estação Ecológica.Tropical grassy biomes and the small plants forming the ground layer have been rarely assessed in the entire world. Unknown, they have been globally neglected by science and conservation policies. Aiming at filling this gap, we assessed the plant species composition and the biological spectrum of dry and wet grasslands within a small remnant of Cerrado vegetation, in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. We

Factors affecting acquisition of psychomotor clinical skills by student nurses and midwives in CHAM Nursing Colleges in Malawi: A qualitative exploratory study.

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Mwale, Omero Gonekani; Kalawa, Roselyn

2016-01-01

Acquisition of psychomotor clinical skills has been shown to improve the quality of care provided to patients when care providers are competent. The aim of this study was to explore students, nurses and tutors experience on factors affecting acquisition of psychomotor clinical skills. The study employed an exploratory qualitative research design. The population was students, clinical nurses and tutors from a nursing College and mission hospital in the southern region of Malawi. In depth interviews using a semi structured guide was used to collect data. Thematic analysis method was employed to analyze the collected data. Ethical principles of respect of human dignity, beneficence and justice were observed. The findings have shown that acquisition of psychomotor skills is affected by: student motivation, lack of resources, learning environment, knowledge gap between the qualified nurses and tutors, and role modeling. In principle when student nurses have acquired necessary skills the quality of care provided to patients improve. Basing on the findings of this study it is recommended that Student should be well prepared before clinical placement Nurses and tutors should also update their knowledge and clinical teaching skills for them to adequately guide students. The clinical arena should have adequate resources.

Análisis financiero de una plantación de Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. de pequeña escala

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Miguel Angel López López

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Existen cientos de pequeñas plantaciones de Pinus patula en los estados mexicanos de Veracruz, Puebla, Tlaxcala e Hidalgo, entre otros; sin embargo, a la fecha se desconoce su factibilidad financiera. Mediante los conceptos de Valor Presente Neto (VPN, Relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C y Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR, se evaluó esta condición de una plantación de P. patula de 3 000 m2 con 17 años de edad, cuya producción se canalizaría a la elaboración de pulpa para papel y de madera aserrada. Tanto los costos como los beneficios y los datos dasométricos se registraron a lo largo del periodo de vida del proyecto, excepto para los primeros cinco y los últimos tres años. Los costos de los cinco años iniciales se derivaron de entrevistas con el dueño de la plantación. Los costos y beneficios durante los tres últimos años se estimaron a partir de los datos dasométricos de la plantación e información regional de los precios de los productos proyectados. Los valores de VPN, relación B/C y TIR fueron MX$ 37 959.00, 2.32 % y 26.61 %, respectivamente. Los beneficios y costos que más impactaron el balance financiero del proyecto fueron aquellos que ocurrieron al inicio del mismo. Consecuentemente, se recomienda la implementación de estrategias para disminuir costos e incrementar beneficios durante la etapa inicial. Los sistemas agroforestales, entre otros, pueden proveer esquemas adecuados para tal fin.

Prediction of CANDU-6 moderator system response following a large break LOCA using a 3D model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De, T K; Collins, W M; Holmes, R W [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Mississauga, ON (Canada)

1996-12-31

CANDU nuclear reactors use D{sub 2}0 as a moderator inside the calandria vessel. Heat is generated in the calandria by neutron and gamma radiation from nuclear fission. During normal operating condition, hot moderator fluid is continuously pumped out from the bottom of the CANDU-6 calandria. After passing through a heat exchanger, the cooled moderator fluid is returned to the calandria through inlet nozzles. In the unlikely event of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) the moderator acts as a heat sink. To predict moderator system response following a large break (reactor inlet header break) LOCA, a simulation was undertaken for Class IV power available (i.e. main moderator pump running) as well as for Class IV power unavailable during the LOCA. The analysis was performed to facilitate the assessment of fuel channel integrity following pressure tube (PT) and calandria tube (CT) contact by estimating the subcooling available during the inlet header break. The 3D code PHOENICS2 developed by CHAM U.K was used for the simulation. The results show an asymmetric flow pattern within the moderator both in the axial Z-direction of the calandria as well as in the X-Y plane. The temperature distribution within the moderator system shows, that hot spots are generated in areas, where the flow approaches stagnation. Hot spot temperatures are higher with Class IV power unavailable. (author). 1 ref., 12 figs.

Modelling initial mortality of Abies religiosa in a crown fire in Mexico

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Salomé Temiño-Villota

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: The objectives of this work were to determine which morphological and fire severity variables may help explain the mortality of adult Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. & Cham., to model the probability of this species after being affected by crown fire, and to obtain more elements to classify the sacred fir in terms of fire resistance. This type of studies are relevant to estimate the impact of crown fires on the climax forests that forms this species.Area of study: The burned forest was located in the southern Mexico City, borough.Material and methods: Morphological variables and fire severity indicators were collected for 335 Abies religiosa trees burned by a mixed severity fire. Logistic regression was used to analyze data and develop models that best explained tree mortality.Main results: Survival was 26.9%. The models for height (p≤0.0001, diameter at breast height (p=0.0082, crown length (p≤0.0001 and crown base height (p≤0.0001 were significant, with a negative relationship between each one of these variables and probability of mortality. The significant severity variables were lethal scorch height (p≤0.0001 and crown kill (p≤ 0.0001, which have a direct relationship with probability of mortality.Highlights: This species is moderately fire-resistant. Crown kill ≥ 70% markedly increases mortality. Silvicultural activities such as pruning, thinning and fuel management can reduce the risk of crown fires.

DATURA STRAMONIUM: Toxicología de una droga emergente

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Soler Carracedo A

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El estramonio (Datura stramonium L, al igual que la gran mayoría de las drogas alucinógenas vegetales, ha sido usado a lo largo de los siglos en un contexto místico-religioso chamánico. Sin embargo, fue en el verano de 2011 cuando se detecta su uso como droga de abuso en España tras el fallecimiento de dos jóvenes en una fiesta “rave” en Getafe (Madrid y una intoxicación aguda de un joven en Badajoz, hechos que generaron una gran alarma social. Todo ello pone de manifiesto la constante variabilidad en la familia de las drogas perturbadoras usadas con fines recreativos. La disponibilidad de este vegetal y el desconocimiento sobre los riesgos de su consumo lo convierten en un serio problema de salud pública. El estramonio posee propiedades alucinógenas y anticolinérgicas debido a su contenido en alcaloides tropánicos, entre los que destacan tres: atropina (DL50= 10 mg en humanos, 400 mg/Kg ratón, hiosciamina y escopolamina (DL50= 2-4 mg en humanos, 619 mg/Kg ratón. Entre los efectos psíquicos y orgánicos destacan la alteración del estado mental con alucinaciones y la taquicardia, respectivamente. El tratamiento de las intoxicaciones agudas es sintomatológico y se dispone de un antídoto, la fisostigmina.

Prediction of CANDU-6 moderator system response following a large break LOCA using a 3D model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De, T.K.; Collins, W.M.; Holmes, R.W.

1995-01-01

CANDU nuclear reactors use D 2 0 as a moderator inside the calandria vessel. Heat is generated in the calandria by neutron and gamma radiation from nuclear fission. During normal operating condition, hot moderator fluid is continuously pumped out from the bottom of the CANDU-6 calandria. After passing through a heat exchanger, the cooled moderator fluid is returned to the calandria through inlet nozzles. In the unlikely event of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) the moderator acts as a heat sink. To predict moderator system response following a large break (reactor inlet header break) LOCA, a simulation was undertaken for Class IV power available (i.e. main moderator pump running) as well as for Class IV power unavailable during the LOCA. The analysis was performed to facilitate the assessment of fuel channel integrity following pressure tube (PT) and calandria tube (CT) contact by estimating the subcooling available during the inlet header break. The 3D code PHOENICS2 developed by CHAM U.K was used for the simulation. The results show an asymmetric flow pattern within the moderator both in the axial Z-direction of the calandria as well as in the X-Y plane. The temperature distribution within the moderator system shows, that hot spots are generated in areas, where the flow approaches stagnation. Hot spot temperatures are higher with Class IV power unavailable. (author). 1 ref., 12 figs

Health seeking and access to care for children with suspected dengue in Cambodia: An ethnographic study

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Manderson Lenore

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The continuing contribution of dengue fever to the hospitalization and deaths in hospital of infants and small children in Cambodia is associated with delays in presentation for medical attention, diagnosis and appropriate care. It is important to identify the reasons that influence these delays, in order to develop appropriate interventions to redress the impact of dengue. Methods Data on health seeking were collected during an ethnographic study conducted in two villages in the eastern province of Kampong Cham, Cambodia in 2004. Interviews were conducted with mothers whose children had been infected with suspected dengue fever, or who had been sick for other reasons, in 2003 and 2004. Results Women selected a therapeutic option based on perceptions of the severity of the child's condition, confidence in the particular modality, service or practitioner, and affordability of the therapy. While they knew what type of health care was required, poverty in combination with limited availability and perceptions of the poor quality of care at village health centers and public referral hospitals deterred them from doing so. Women initially used home remedies, then sought advice from public and private providers, shifting from one sector to another in a pragmatic response to the child's illness. Conclusion The lack of availability of financial resources for poor people and their continuing lack of confidence in the care provided by government centres combine to delay help seeking and inappropriate treatment of children sick with dengue.

Health seeking and access to care for children with suspected dengue in Cambodia: an ethnographic study.

Science.gov (United States)

Khun, Sokrin; Manderson, Lenore

2007-09-24

The continuing contribution of dengue fever to the hospitalization and deaths in hospital of infants and small children in Cambodia is associated with delays in presentation for medical attention, diagnosis and appropriate care. It is important to identify the reasons that influence these delays, in order to develop appropriate interventions to redress the impact of dengue. Data on health seeking were collected during an ethnographic study conducted in two villages in the eastern province of Kampong Cham, Cambodia in 2004. Interviews were conducted with mothers whose children had been infected with suspected dengue fever, or who had been sick for other reasons, in 2003 and 2004. Women selected a therapeutic option based on perceptions of the severity of the child's condition, confidence in the particular modality, service or practitioner, and affordability of the therapy. While they knew what type of health care was required, poverty in combination with limited availability and perceptions of the poor quality of care at village health centers and public referral hospitals deterred them from doing so. Women initially used home remedies, then sought advice from public and private providers, shifting from one sector to another in a pragmatic response to the child's illness. The lack of availability of financial resources for poor people and their continuing lack of confidence in the care provided by government centres combine to delay help seeking and inappropriate treatment of children sick with dengue.

LEAF RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION OF SELECTED ATLANTIC FOREST TREE SPECIES

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Helga Dias Arato

2018-02-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Biogeochemical cycling is essential to establish and maintain plant and animal communities. Litter is one of main compartments of this cycle, and the kinetics of leaf decomposition in forest litter depend on the chemical composition and environmental conditions. This study evaluated the effect of leaf composition and environmental conditions on leaf decomposition of native Atlantic Forest trees. The following species were analyzed: Mabea fistulifera Mart., Bauhinia forficata Link., Aegiphila sellowiana Cham., Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell, Luehea grandiflora Mart. et. Zucc., Croton floribundus Spreng., Trema micrantha (L Blume, Cassia ferruginea (Schrad Schrad ex DC, Senna macranthera (DC ex Collad. H. S. Irwin and Barney and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae. For each species, litter bags were distributed on and fixed to the soil surface of soil-filled pots (in a greenhouse, or directly to the surface of the same soil type in a natural forest (field. Every 30 days, the dry weight and soil basal respiration in both environments were determined. The cumulative decomposition of leaves varied according to the species, leaf nutrient content and environment. In general, the decomposition rate was lowest for Aegiphila sellowiana and fastest for Bauhinia forficate and Schinus terebinthifolius. This trend was similar under the controlled conditions of a greenhouse and in the field. The selection of species with a differentiated decomposition pattern, suited for different stages of the recovery process, can help improve soil restoration.

PÉRDIDA DE COBERTURA FORESTAL EN LA RESERVA DE LA BIÓSFERA MARIPOSA MONARCA, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO (2006-2010

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Omar Champo-Jiménez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se analiza la pérdida de cobertura forestal en la reserva de la Mariposa Monarca en el periodo entre 2006 y 2010, a partir de imágenes satelitales de alta resolución (10 m SPOT. Las imágenes se calibraron, se corrigieron atmosféricamente y se sobrepusieron con puntos de control. En cada imagen se obtuvo un mapa de bosque y no bosque (con y sin vegetación arbórea aparente. Los mapas se validaron a partir de imágenes de muy alta resolución de las mismas fechas. Dentro de la zona de bosque, se distinguió entre oyamel (Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. y Cham. y pino, a partir de una clasificación supervisada y un criterio de altitud. La comparación de los mapas permitió establecer la pérdida de bosque de oyamel, se estimó en 2,227.00 ha en el periodo estudiado, que corresponde a una tasa de deforestación de 556.75 ha·año-1. El mapa de cambios se comparó con los reportes de áreas afectadas por plagas, presentados por la Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR y la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo en 2004, y los trabajos de saneamiento realizados por la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT entre 2005 y 2009.

Simultaneous Determination of Decursin, Decursinol Angelate, Nodakenin, and Decursinol of Angelica gigas Nakai in Human Plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS: Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

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Sook-Jin Kim

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Coumarins in Cham-dang-gwi, the dried root of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN, possess pharmacological effects on anemia, pain, infection, and articular rheumatism. The AGN root containes decursin (D, decursinol angelate (DA, nodakenin, and decursinol (DOH, a major metabolite of D and DA. The aim of this study was to develop a simultaneous determination method for these four coumarins in human plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS. Chromatographic separation was performed on dual columns (Kinetex® C18 column and Capcell core C18 column with mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min using gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring was operated in positive ion mode with precursors to product ion transition values of m/z 328.9→228.8, 328.9→228.9, 409.4→248.8, and 246.8→212.9 to measure D, DA, nodakenin, and DOH, respectively. Linear calibration curves were fitted over concentration range of 0.05–50 ng/mL for these four components, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.995. Inter- and intra-day accuracies were between 90.60% and 108.24%. These precisions were within 11.19% for all components. The established method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study for the four coumarins after usual dosing in Korean subjects.

Modelling initial mortality of Abies religiosa in a crown fire in Mexico

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Temiño-Villota, S.; Rodríguez-Trejo, D.A.; Molina Terrén, D.M.; Ryan, K.

2016-07-01

Aim of the study: The objectives of this work were to determine which morphological and fire severity variables may help explain the mortality of adult Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., to model the probability of this species after being affected by crown fire, and to obtain more elements to classify the sacred fir in terms of fire resistance. This type of studies are relevant to estimate the impact of crown fires on the climax forests that forms this species. Area of study: The burned forest was located in the southern Mexico City, borough. Material and methods: Morphological variables and fire severity indicators were collected for 335 Abies religiosa trees burned by a mixed severity fire. Logistic regression was used to analyze data and develop models that best explained tree mortality. Main results: Survival was 26.9%. The models for height (p≤0.0001), diameter at breast height (p=0.0082), crown length (p≤0.0001) and crown base height (p≤0.0001) were significant, with a negative relationship between each one of these variables and probability of mortality. The significant severity variables were lethal scorch height (p≤0.0001) and crown kill (p≤ 0.0001), which have a direct relationship with probability of mortality. Highlights: This species is moderately fire-resistant. Crown kill ≥ 70% markedly increases mortality. Silvicultural activities such as pruning, thinning and fuel management can reduce the risk of crown fires. (Author)

A plastid gene phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera.

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Park, Jeong-Mi; Manen, Jean-François; Colwell, Alison E; Schneeweiss, Gerald M

2008-07-01

The phylogenetic relationships of the non-photosynthetic Orobanche sensu lato (Orobanchaceae), which includes some of the economically most important parasitic weeds, remain insufficiently understood and controversial. This concerns both the phylogenetic relationships within the genus, in particular its monophyly or lack thereof, and the relationships to other holoparasitic genera such as Cistanche or Conopholis. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group based on a region from the plastid genome (rps2 gene). Although substitution rates appear to be elevated compared to the photosynthetic members of Orobanchaceae, relationships among the major lineages Cistanche, Conopholis plus Epifagus, Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch., B. himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson, B. hookeri Walp. plus B. strobilacea A. Gray, and Orobanche s. l. remain unresolved. Resolution within Orobanche, however, is much better. In agreement with morphological, cytological and other molecular phylogenetic evidence, five lineages, corresponding to the four traditionally recognised sections (Gymnocaulis, Myzorrhiza, Orobanche, Trionychon) and O. latisquama Reut. ex Boiss. (of sect. Orobanche), can be distinguished. A combined analysis of plastid rps2 and nuclear ITS sequences of the holoparasitic genera results in more resolved and better supported trees, although the relationships among Orobanche s. l., Cistanche, and the clade including the remaining genera is unresolved. Therefore, rps2 is a marker from the plastid genome that is well-suited to be used in combination with other already established nuclear markers for resolving generic relationships of Orobanche and related genera.

Book review: Safety of Biologics Therapy

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Robak T

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Tadeusz Robak Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz and Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, PolandSafety of Biologics Therapy: Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines, Fusion Proteins, Hormones, Enzymes, Coagulation Proteins, Vaccines, Botulinum Toxins (Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016 by Brian A Baldo from the Molecular Immunology Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, and the Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia, is a book that belongs on the shelf of everyone in the field of biologic therapies research and clinical practice. In writing this book, the author’s intention was to produce an up-to-date text book on approved biologic therapies, as far as that is possible in this time of rapidly evolving developments in biotherapeutic research and the introduction of new and novel agents for clinical use.The monograph comprises 610 pages in 13 chapters, each including a summary and further reading suggestions. All chapters include a discussion of basic and clinical material. Well-designed, comprehensive tables and color figures are present throughout the book. The book itself examines the biologic products that have regulatory approval in the USA and/or European Union and that show every indication of remaining important therapies. It covers in great detail all the latest work on peptide hormones and enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and cytokine therapies. Beyond that, it also presents the latest information on blood coagulation proteins, vaccines, botulinum neurotoxins, and biosimilars. 

In vitro Effects of Four Native Brazilian Medicinal Plants in CYP3A4 mRNA Gene Expression, Glutathione Levels, and P-Glycoprotein Activity.

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Mazzari, Andre L D A; Milton, Flora; Frangos, Samantha; Carvalho, Ana C B; Silveira, Dâmaris; de Assis Rocha Neves, Francisco; Prieto, Jose M

2016-01-01

Erythrina mulungu Benth. (Fabaceae), Cordia verbenacea A. DC. (Boraginaceae), Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) and Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) are medicinal plant species native to Brazil shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, nothing is known about their effects in metabolic and transporter proteins, which could potentially lead to herb-drug interactions (HDI). In this work, we assess non-toxic concentrations (100 μg/mL) of the plant infusions for their in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). Their mechanisms of action were further studied by measuring the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results show that P-gp activity was not affected in any case and that only Solanum paniculatum was able to significantly change CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression (twofold decrease, p effect upon hPXR (EC50 = 0.38 mg/mL). Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to Solanum paniculatum (-44%, p Cordia verbenacea (-47%, p activity (-48%, p active pharmacovigilance is recommended for the other three species, especially in the case of Solanum paniculatum.

ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL DE Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. et Cham., EN EL EJIDO EL CONEJO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL COFRE DE PEROTE, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

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María del Rosario Pineda-López

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la estructura de los rodales de oyamel (Abies religiosa presentes en el ejido El Conejo, localizado en el Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, Veracruz. Se evaluó la densidad, diámetro, altura y cobertura del arbolado adulto en 17 parcelas de 625 m2. La regeneración se midió en las 17 parcelas utilizando subcuadrantes de 312.50 m2. El arbolado mostró una estructura de crecimiento de “J” invertida; sin embargo, los individuos se encuentran suprimidos y, aun cuando la regeneración es adecuada, el arbolado requiere de la apertura de claros para su desarrollo. Se encontró una superficie arbolada altamente fragmentada y amenazada de manera permanente por el crecimiento de la frontera agrícola y la extracción de leña para uso doméstico. Los resultados muestran evidencia de que la categoría de parque nacional no contribuye a la conservación del bosque.

Contenido de nutrientes e inoculación con hongos ectomicorrízicos comestibles en dos pinos neotropicales Nutrient contents and inoculation with edible ectomycorrhizal fungi on two neotropical pines

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VIOLETA CARRASCO-HERNÁNDEZ

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Un alto porcentaje de mortalidad se presenta en plántulas de pinos que son trasplantados de vivero a campo, debido a que no poseen hongos ectomicorrízicos los cuales forman simbiosis obligada con las plantas de forma natural en los bosques. Estos hongos facilitan la absorción de nutrientes y agua, además de estimular su crecimiento. Debido a la importancia ecológica y fisiológica de los hongos ectomicorrízicos, el presente trabajo evaluó el efecto en crecimiento, peso seco, porcentaje de colonización y contenido de nutrientes de la inoculación de seis especies ectomicorrízicas comestibles de los géneros Lacearía y Hebeloma en Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. y P. pseudostrobus Lindl., en condiciones de invernadero. Después de 397 días de la siembra se observó un efecto benéfico en el crecimiento de ambos pinos como resultado de la inoculación en términos de peso seco en parte aérea y radical, así como un mayor contenido de N, P y K. El porcentaje de micorrización en plantas inoculadas con las especies fúngicas varió de 57 % a 90 %. Cuando se efectuó inoculación combinada de especies ectomicorrízicas, se registró dominancia de una de las especies inoculadas, en términos de colonización radical. En estos tratamientos con inoculación simultánea, los efectos benéficos registrados en los hospederos fueron comparables a los observados cuando se inoculó de manera individual a las especies fúngicas dominantes. En función de los resultados encontrados se recomienda en el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales la inoculación de ambas especies de pinos con especies de hongos de los géneros Laccaria y Hebeloma.A high percentage of mortality appears in pine seedlings transplanted from nursery to field, due to the fact that they lack ectomycorrhizal fungi which form obligated symbiosis with plants in natural conditions in the forests. These fungi facilitate the absorption of nutrients and water, and therefore

Ação e caracterização química de óleos essenciais no manejo da antracnose do maracujá Chemical characterization and action of essential oils in the management of anthracnose on passion fruits

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César Fernandes Aquino

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar dois métodos de inoculação de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em maracujá, testar a patogenicidade de diferentes isolados, o efeito fungitóxico e a composição química dos óleos essenciais das espécies medicinais alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham., capim-santo [Cymbopogon citratus (D. C. Stapf.], alfavaca-cravo (Ocimum gratissimum L., no controle da antracnose [Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.], associado ao estádio de maturação de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Avaliaram-se três experimentos, onde se testou a patogenicidade de seis isolados do fungo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, outro com o mesmo delineamento em esquema fatorial 2x2 (suspensão de conídios e disco de micélio e frutos (verdes e maduros, com seis repetições. No tratamento com frutos, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3+1, sendo cinco concentrações (0; 2; 4; 6 e 8µL mL-1 e três espécies medicinais, mais o tebuconazol, com cinco repetições. Fez-se a caracterização química dos óleos por cromatografia gasosa, com espectrometria de massas. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos. Os frutos maduros apresentaram maior diâmetro das lesões, quando inoculados com suspensão de conídios. O óleo de C. citratus proporcionou o menor diâmetro das lesões nos frutos, até a concentração de 6 µL mL-1. Na concentração de 8 µL mL-1, todos os óleos inibiram o desenvolvimento do fungo. O timol (30,24%, o citral (77,74% e o eugenol (92,89% foram componentes majoritários em L. sidoides, C. citratus e O. gratissimum, respectivamente.The objective was to evaluate two methods of inoculation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on passion fruit, test the pathogenicity of different isolates, fungitoxic effect and the chemical composition of the essential oils from medicinal plants Lippia sidoides (Cham., Cymbopogon citratus (D. C. Stapf. and Ocimum gratissimum (L., in

Dieta e dispersão de sementes por Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus (Carnívora, Canidae, em um fragmento florestal no Paraná, Brasil Diet and seed dispersal by Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus in a forest fragment in Paraná (Carnivora, Canidae

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Vlamir J. Rocha

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Embora o cachorro-do-mato, Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1706, seja um Canidae relativamente comum, não há muita informação sobre sua dieta e seu papel como dispersor de sementes nos diferentes habitats onde ocorre. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de reportar a dieta de C. thous e sua importância como dispersor e/ou predador de sementes, e ainda testar a taxa de germinação de sementes após passar pelo trato digestório do animal. O estudo foi realizado em um fragmento (680 ha de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, o Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, localizado na cidade de Londrina, Paraná, sul do Brasil. A metodologia consistiu de coletas de fezes de C. thous, as quais foram analisadas em laboratório para identificar os itens consumidos. Nos testes de germinação, as sementes foram dispostas para germinar em placas de Petri com algodão umedecido em água. Noventa e três amostras fecais com 219 itens de origem vegetal e animal foram registradas, sendo 36,52% contendo restos de pequenos roedores, 24,19% de gramíneas, 13,24% de aves, 10,47% de insetos, 6,39% de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassm., 4,6% de outros itens de origem animal e 4,54% de outros itens de origem vegetal. Ainda, C. thous dispersou nove espécies de plantas, com relevante importância para a germinação de algumas sementes que passaram pelo trato digestório do animal, exceto para S. romanzoffiana, cujas sementes não germinaram nas condições de laboratório. Conclui-se que, C. thous apresentou uma dieta generalista e oportunista, sobrevivendo em áreas degradadas e antrópicas, e agindo como dispersor de sementes nestes locais.Although the crab eating fox, Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1706, is a relatively common Canidae, there isn't much information about its diet and its role as a seed disperser in the different habitats where it occurs. The aim of this work was to report the diet of the C. thous and its importance as a seed disperser and / or a seed predator and

Prescribing of Electronic Activity Monitors in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Qualitative Interview-Based Study.

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Bellicha, Alice; Macé, Sandrine; Oppert, Jean-Michel

2017-09-23

, although popular among the general public, do not meet the needs of physicians. In-depth understanding of physicians' expectations is a first step toward designing technologies that can be widely used in clinical settings and facilitate physical activity prescription. Physicians should have a role, along with key health care stakeholders-patients, researchers, information technology firms, the public, and private payers-in developing the most effective methods for integrating activity monitors into patient care. ©Alice Bellicha, Sandrine Macé, Jean-Michel Oppert. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 23.09.2017.

Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Activities of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) From São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

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de Morais, Sandra Ribeiro; Oliveira, Thiago Levi Silva; de Oliveira, Lanussy Porfiro; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino; da Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso; Rezende, Maria Helena; Fiuza, Tatiana de Sousa; Costa, Elson Alves; Ferri, Pedro Henrique; de Paula, José Realino

2016-01-01

Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine as an antiseptic, and it is usually applied topically on skin, mucous membranes, mouth, and throat, or used for vaginal washings. To analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil from L. sidoides collected in São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais and grown in Hidrolândia, Goiás; to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, crude ethanol extract, and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions (AFs); to study the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system activities of the crude ethanol extract. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity in vitro was performed by broth microdilution method. The pharmacological tests were performed using female Swiss albino mice. The major components of the essential oil were isoborneol (14.66%), bornyl acetate (11.86%), α -humulene (11.23%), α -fenchene (9.32%), and 1.8-cineole (7.05%), supporting the existence of two chemotypes of this species. The hexane fraction (HF) had good antifungal activity against Cryptococcus sp. ATCC D (MIC = 31.25 μg/mL) and Cryptococcus gatti L48 (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL). In the pharmacological tests, the crude ethanol extract presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Given that the ethanol extract of L. sidoides is included in the Formulary of Phytotherapeutic Agents of the Brazilian Pharmacopeia as an anti-inflammatory for oral cavities, the present work provides scientific evidence to back this use and highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate chemotype on the basis of the expected biological response. The major components of the essential oil of L. sidoides were isoborneol bornyl acetate, α -humulene, α -fenchene, and 1.8-cineole. The HF had good antifungal activity against Cryptococcus sp. ATCC D and C. gatti L4.The crude ethanol extract of L. sidoides presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.The present work provides scientific evidence of the importance of selecting the appropriate chemotype on the basis of the expected biological response. Abbreviations used: UFG: Universidade Federal de Goiás; HF: hexane fraction; DF: dichloromethane fraction; EAF: ethyl acetate fraction; AF: aqueous fraction; MeOH: methanol; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; MH: Müller Hinton; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute; NaCl: sodium chloride; μL: microliters; mL: milliliters; μg: microgram; kg: kilogram; h: hour; min: minute; cm: centimeter; COBEA: Brazilian College of Animal Experiments; p.o.:, oral; i.p.: intraperitoneal; s.c.: subcutaneous; SEM: standard error of the mean; RI: retention indices.

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens

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M.A. Botelho

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae, popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commercial production of perfumes, creams, lotions, and deodorants. Since the leaves of L. sidoides are also extensively used in popular medicine for the treatment of skin wounds and cuts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition and antimicrobial activity of L. sidoides essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twelve compounds were characterized, having as major constituents thymol (56.7% and carvacrol (16.7%. The antimicrobial activity of the oil and the major components was tested against cariogenic bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus as well as Candida albicans using the broth dilution and disk diffusion assays. The essential oil and its major components thymol and carvacrol exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the organisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.0 mg/mL. The most sensitive microorganisms were C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major components exert promising antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens and suggest its likely usefulness to combat oral microbial growth.

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens.

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Botelho, M A; Nogueira, N A P; Bastos, G M; Fonseca, S G C; Lemos, T L G; Matos, F J A; Montenegro, D; Heukelbach, J; Rao, V S; Brito, G A C

2007-03-01

Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commercial production of perfumes, creams, lotions, and deodorants. Since the leaves of L. sidoides are also extensively used in popular medicine for the treatment of skin wounds and cuts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition and antimicrobial activity of L. sidoides essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twelve compounds were characterized, having as major constituents thymol (56.7%) and carvacrol (16.7%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil and the major components was tested against cariogenic bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus as well as Candida albicans using the broth dilution and disk diffusion assays. The essential oil and its major components thymol and carvacrol exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the organisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.0 mg/mL. The most sensitive microorganisms were C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major components exert promising antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens and suggest its likely usefulness to combat oral microbial growth.

Isovitexin as marker and bioactive compound in the antinociceptive activity of the Brazilian crude drug extracts of Echinodorus scaber and E. grandiflorus

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Claudia Lea Strada

Full Text Available Abstract Echinodorus scaber Rataj and Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl. Micheli, Alismataceae, are popularly used to relieve inflammatory complaints and as diuretic. A study on the antinociceptive effect and selected marker compounds in eleven extracts from different locations was undertaken and their antinociceptive effect was assessed. The fingerprints were compared by HPLC-DAD and the content of vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were determined. All samples presented antinociceptive activity reducing the writhes by 36.4-62.5% and 47.4-79.8% at 10 and 50 mg/kg, respectively; indomethacin (5 mg/kg reduced writhes by 82.6-90.1%. The content of the flavonoids C-glycosides, however, presented a strong variation. Isovitexin and isoorientin were found in all the samples, with content ranging from traces to 14.70 µg/mg and 2.12-84.27 µg/mg extract, respectively, while vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside occurred in quantifiable amounts only in 3 out of 11 samples ranging from 5.43 to 33.13 µg/mg extract; vitexin was not detected at all or detected in trace amounts. According to the fingerprints, the samples could be arranged in four main groups. All eleven extracts showed antinociceptive activity. Isovitexin was the only flavonoid present in all samples and can be regarded, acting in synergy with the other compounds or not, as the responsible for the antinociceptive activity. Therefore, isovitexin is a good choice as chemical marker when the antinociceptive activity of E. scaber and E. grandiflorus is investigated.

Evapotranspiration of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivated at two plantation sites in Southeast Asia

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Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Mudd, Ryan G.; Liu, Wen; Ziegler, Alan D.; Kobayashi, Nakako; Kumagai, Tomo'omi; Miyazawa, Yoshiyuki; Lim, Tiva Khan; Huang, Maoyi; Fox, Jefferson; Yin, Song; Mak, Sophea Veasna; Kasemsap, Poonpipope

2016-02-01

To investigate the effects of expanding rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation on water cycling in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), evapotranspiration (ET) was measured within rubber plantations at Bueng Kan, Thailand, and Kampong Cham, Cambodia. After energy closure adjustment, mean annual rubber ET was 1211 and 1459 mm yr-1 at the Thailand and Cambodia sites, respectively, higher than that of other tree-dominated land covers in the region, including tropical seasonal forest (812-1140 mm yr-1), and savanna (538-1060 mm yr-1). The mean proportion of net radiation used for ET by rubber (0.725) is similar to that of tropical rainforest (0.729) and much higher than that of tropical seasonal forest (0.595) and savanna (0.548). Plant area index (varies with leaf area changes), explains 88.2% and 73.1% of the variance in the ratio of latent energy flux (energy equivalent of ET) to potential latent energy flux (LE/LEpot) for midday rain-free periods at the Thailand and Cambodia sites, respectively. High annual rubber ET results from high late dry season water use, associated with rapid refoliation by this brevideciduous species, facilitated by tapping of deep soil water, and by very high wet season ET, a characteristic of deciduous trees. Spatially, mean annual rubber ET increases strongly with increasing net radiation (Rn) across the three available rubber plantation observation sites, unlike nonrubber tropical ecosystems, which reduce canopy conductance at high Rn sites. High water use by rubber raises concerns about potential effects of continued expansion of tree plantations on water and food security in MSEA.

In vitro Effects of Four Native Brazilian Medicinal Plants in CYP3A4 mRNA Gene Expression, Glutathione Levels, and P-Glycoprotein Activity

Science.gov (United States)

Mazzari, Andre L. D. A.; Milton, Flora; Frangos, Samantha; Carvalho, Ana C. B.; Silveira, Dâmaris; de Assis Rocha Neves, Francisco; Prieto, Jose M.

2016-01-01

Erythrina mulungu Benth. (Fabaceae), Cordia verbenacea A. DC. (Boraginaceae), Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) and Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) are medicinal plant species native to Brazil shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, nothing is known about their effects in metabolic and transporter proteins, which could potentially lead to herb-drug interactions (HDI). In this work, we assess non-toxic concentrations (100 μg/mL) of the plant infusions for their in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). Their mechanisms of action were further studied by measuring the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results show that P-gp activity was not affected in any case and that only Solanum paniculatum was able to significantly change CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression (twofold decrease, p Cordia verbenacea (-47%, p < 0.001). The latter plant extract was able to decrease GGT activity (-48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines may be able to cause disturbances to metabolic mechanisms in vitro. Although Erythrina mulungu appears safe in our tests, active pharmacovigilance is recommended for the other three species, especially in the case of Solanum paniculatum. PMID:27594838

In Vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of Some Brazilian Cerrado Species and Their Isolated Compounds

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Nayanne Larissa Cunha

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Miconia langsdorffii Cogn. (Melastomataceae, Roupala montana Aubl. (Proteaceae, Struthanthus syringifolius (Mart. (Loranthaceae, and Schefflera vinosa (Cham. & Schltdl. Frodin (Araliaceae are plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado whose schistosomicidal potential has not yet been described. The crude extracts, fractions, the triterpenes betulin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were evaluated in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and the bioactive n-hexane fractions of the mentioned species were also analyzed by GC-MS. Betulin was able to cause worm death percentage values of 25% after 120 h (at 100 μM, and 25% and 50% after 24 and 120 h (at 200 μM, respectively; besides the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside promoted 25% of death of the parasites at 100 μM. Farther the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside at 100 μM exhibited significantly reduction in motor activity, 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Biological results indicated that crude extracts of R. montana, S. vinosa, and M. langsdorffii and some n-hexane and EtOAc fractions of this species were able to induce worm death to some extent. The results suggest that lupane-type triterpenes and flavonoid monoglycosides should be considered for further antiparasites studies.

Defensive effects of extrafloral nectaries in quaking aspen differ with scale.

Science.gov (United States)

Mortensen, Brent; Wagner, Diane; Doak, Patricia

2011-04-01

The effects of plant defenses on herbivory can differ among spatial scales. This may be particularly common with indirect defenses, such as extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), that attract predatory arthropods and are dependent on predator distribution, abundance, and behavior. We tested the defensive effects of EFNs in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) against damage by a specialist herbivore, the aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella Cham.), at the scale of individual leaves and entire ramets (i.e., stems). Experiments excluding crawling arthropods revealed that the effects of aspen EFNs differed at the leaf and ramet scales. Crawling predators caused similar reductions in the percent leaf area mined on individual leaves with and without EFNs. However, the extent to which crawling predators increased leaf miner mortality and, consequently, reduced mining damage increased with EFN expression at the ramet scale. Thus, aspen EFNs provided a diffuse defense, reducing damage to leaves across a ramet regardless of leaf-scale EFN expression. We detected lower leaf miner damage and survival unassociated with crawling predators on EFN-bearing leaves, suggesting that direct defenses (e.g., chemical defenses) were stronger on leaves with than without EFNs. Greater direct defenses on EFN-bearing leaves may reduce the probability of losing these leaves and thus weakening ramet-scale EFN defense. Aspen growth was not related to EFN expression or the presence of crawling predators over the course of a single season. Different effects of aspen EFNs at the leaf and ramet scales suggest that future studies may benefit from examining indirect defenses simultaneously at multiple scales.

A plastid gene phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera

Science.gov (United States)

Park, J.-M.; Manen, J.-F.; Colwell, A.E.; Schneeweiss, G.M.

2008-01-01

The phylogenetic relationships of the non-photosynthetic Orobanche sensu lato (Orobanchaceae), which includes some of the economically most important parasitic weeds, remain insufficiently understood and controversial. This concerns both the phylogenetic relationships within the genus, in particular its monophyly or lack thereof, and the relationships to other holoparasitic genera such as Cistanche or Conopholis. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group based on a region from the plastid genome (rps2 gene). Although substitution rates appear to be elevated compared to the photosynthetic members of Orobanchaceae, relationships among the major lineages Cistanche, Conopholis plus Epifagus, Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch., B. himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson, B. hookeri Walp. plus B. strobilacea A. Gray, and Orobanche s. l. remain unresolved. Resolution within Orobanche, however, is much better. In agreement with morphological, cytological and other molecular phylogenetic evidence, five lineages, corresponding to the four traditionally recognised sections (Gymnocaulis, Myzorrhiza, Orobanche, Trionychon) and O. latisquama Reut. ex Boiss. (of sect. Orobanche), can be distinguished. A combined analysis of plastid rps2 and nuclear ITS sequences of the holoparasitic genera results in more resolved and better supported trees, although the relationships among Orobanche s. l., Cistanche, and the clade including the remaining genera is unresolved. Therefore, rps2 is a marker from the plastid genome that is well-suited to be used in combination with other already established nuclear markers for resolving generic relationships of Orobanche and related genera. ?? 2008 The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer.

In Vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of Some Brazilian Cerrado Species and Their Isolated Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Cunha, Nayanne Larissa; Uchôa, Camila Jacintho de Mendonça; Cintra, Lucas Silva; de Souza, Herbert Cristian; Peixoto, Juliana Andrade; Silva, Claudia Peres; Magalhães, Lizandra Guidi; Gimenez, Valéria Maria Meleiro; Groppo, Milton; Rodrigues, Vanderlei; da Silva Filho, Ademar Alves; Andrade e Silva, Márcio Luís; Cunha, Wilson Roberto; Pauletti, Patrícia Mendonça; Januário, Ana Helena

2012-01-01

Miconia langsdorffii Cogn. (Melastomataceae), Roupala montana Aubl. (Proteaceae), Struthanthus syringifolius (Mart.) (Loranthaceae), and Schefflera vinosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin (Araliaceae) are plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado whose schistosomicidal potential has not yet been described. The crude extracts, fractions, the triterpenes betulin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were evaluated in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and the bioactive n-hexane fractions of the mentioned species were also analyzed by GC-MS. Betulin was able to cause worm death percentage values of 25% after 120 h (at 100 μM), and 25% and 50% after 24 and 120 h (at 200 μM), respectively; besides the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside promoted 25% of death of the parasites at 100 μM. Farther the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside at 100 μM exhibited significantly reduction in motor activity, 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Biological results indicated that crude extracts of R. montana, S. vinosa, and M. langsdorffii and some n-hexane and EtOAc fractions of this species were able to induce worm death to some extent. The results suggest that lupane-type triterpenes and flavonoid monoglycosides should be considered for further antiparasites studies. PMID:22924053

Literatura indígena para crianças: o desafio da interculturalidade

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Ana Paula Franco Nobile Brandileone

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una reflexión crítica acerca de la producción literaria infantil indígena. Para eso, se recurre a la problematización teórica centrada en el concepto de transculturación, conforme a Canclini (2007, articulada a los estudios sobre literatura infantil y juvenil brasilera de Moratti (2001, Ceccantini (2010 y Martha (2016. Como objeto de análisis son abordadas las obras Paiquerê: el paraíso de los Kaingangs, de Cléo Busatto, y Karú Tarú: el pequeño chamán, de Daniel Munduruku, ambas editadas en 2009. Este análisis permite la proposición de la hipótesis de que, en la literatura indígena más reciente, direccionada al público infantil, se encuentran opciones estéticas condicionadas a un intento de divulgación cultural no siempre afecto a la construcción de textos literarios de mejor cualidad. Así, se torna necesario reflexionar, en el caso de las narrativas, acerca de ideas y concepciones puestas al servicio de un compromiso ideológico cuyos reflejos, en el texto literario, se muestran contradictorios en relación con el lector, el cual tiende a percibir en la cultura indígena un elemento exótico y estereotipado, lo que poco contribuye para construir una relación intercultural democrática y humanizadora.

The Spatial Distribution of Alkaloids in Psychotria prunifolia (Kunth) Steyerm and Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum Leaves Analysed by Desorption Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kato, Lucilia; Moraes, Aline Pereira; de Oliveira, Cecília Maria Alves

2018-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Species of the genera Psychotria and Palicourea are sources of indole alkaloids, however, the distribution of alkaloids within the plants is not known. Analysing the spatial distribution using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) has become...... analyses. METHODOLOGY: Based upon previous structure elucidation studies, four alkaloids targeted in this study were identified using high resolution mass spectrometry by direct infusion of plant extracts, and their distributions were imaged by DESI-MSI via tissue imprints on a porous Teflon surface....... Relative quantitation of the four alkaloids was obtained by HPLC-MS/MS analysis performed using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. RESULTS: Alkaloids showed distinct distributions on the leaf surfaces. Prunifoleine was mainly present in the midrib, while 10...

Dengue knowledge, attitudes and practices and their impact on community-based vector control in rural Cambodia

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Doum, Dyna; Keo, Vanney; Sokha, Ly; Sam, BunLeng; Chan, Vibol; Alexander, Neal; Bradley, John; Liverani, Marco; Prasetyo, Didot Budi; Rachmat, Agus; Lopes, Sergio; Hii, Jeffrey; Rithea, Leang; Shafique, Muhammad; Hustedt, John

2018-01-01

Background Globally there are an estimated 390 million dengue infections per year, of which 96 million are clinically apparent. In Cambodia, estimates suggest as many as 185,850 cases annually. The World Health Organization global strategy for dengue prevention aims to reduce mortality rates by 50% and morbidity by 25% by 2020. The adoption of integrated vector management approach using community-based methods tailored to the local context is one of the recommended strategies to achieve these objectives. Understanding local knowledge, attitudes and practices is therefore essential to designing suitable strategies to fit each local context. Methods and findings A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey in 600 randomly chosen households was administered in 30 villages in Kampong Cham which is one of the most populated provinces of Cambodia. KAP surveys were administered to a sub-sample of households where an entomology survey was conducted (1200 households), during which Aedes larval/pupae and adult female Aedes mosquito densities were recorded. Participants had high levels of knowledge regarding the transmission of dengue, Aedes breeding, and biting prevention methods; the majority of participants believed they were at risk and that dengue transmission is preventable. However, self-reported vector control practices did not match observed practices recorded in our surveys. No correlation was found between knowledge and observed practices either. Conclusion An education campaign regarding dengue prevention in this setting with high knowledge levels is unlikely to have any significant effect on practices unless it is incorporated in a more comprehensive strategy for behavioural change, such a COMBI method, which includes behavioural models as well as communication and marketing theory and practice. Trial registration ISRCTN85307778. PMID:29451879

Dengue knowledge, attitudes and practices and their impact on community-based vector control in rural Cambodia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumaran, Emmanuelle; Doum, Dyna; Keo, Vanney; Sokha, Ly; Sam, BunLeng; Chan, Vibol; Alexander, Neal; Bradley, John; Liverani, Marco; Prasetyo, Didot Budi; Rachmat, Agus; Lopes, Sergio; Hii, Jeffrey; Rithea, Leang; Shafique, Muhammad; Hustedt, John

2018-02-01

Globally there are an estimated 390 million dengue infections per year, of which 96 million are clinically apparent. In Cambodia, estimates suggest as many as 185,850 cases annually. The World Health Organization global strategy for dengue prevention aims to reduce mortality rates by 50% and morbidity by 25% by 2020. The adoption of integrated vector management approach using community-based methods tailored to the local context is one of the recommended strategies to achieve these objectives. Understanding local knowledge, attitudes and practices is therefore essential to designing suitable strategies to fit each local context. A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey in 600 randomly chosen households was administered in 30 villages in Kampong Cham which is one of the most populated provinces of Cambodia. KAP surveys were administered to a sub-sample of households where an entomology survey was conducted (1200 households), during which Aedes larval/pupae and adult female Aedes mosquito densities were recorded. Participants had high levels of knowledge regarding the transmission of dengue, Aedes breeding, and biting prevention methods; the majority of participants believed they were at risk and that dengue transmission is preventable. However, self-reported vector control practices did not match observed practices recorded in our surveys. No correlation was found between knowledge and observed practices either. An education campaign regarding dengue prevention in this setting with high knowledge levels is unlikely to have any significant effect on practices unless it is incorporated in a more comprehensive strategy for behavioural change, such a COMBI method, which includes behavioural models as well as communication and marketing theory and practice. ISRCTN85307778.

Propagação vegetativa e potencial paisagístico de uma verbena rasteira

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CAROLINE CHITOLINA DE CAMPOS

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Verbenas rasteiras são facilmente encontradas em terrenos baldios e beiras de barrancos. Apresentam folhas de tom verde-escuro e inflorescências violeta, e possuem características de rusticidade e adaptabilidade que demonstram sua viabilidade para uso em paisagismo. O presente artigo teve por objetivo avaliar a propagação vegetativa de uma planta rasteira da família Verbenaceae e demonstrar seu valor ornamental. Para tanto, realizou-se a classificação taxonômica e a propagação vegetativa por estaquia com a utilização de dois substratos, um com casca de arroz carbonizada apenas e outro formado por solo mineral, composto orgânico e casca de arroz carbonizada (1+1+0,5, e cinco doses de AIB (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 ppm, com avaliação do percentual de enraizamento. Avaliou-se o potencial ornamental e paisagístico das mudas instaladasem canteiro com medições de altura e diâmetro da planta, bem como a ocorrência de plantas invasoras. Os valores obtidos na estaquia mostraram que a dose de 600 ppm e o substrato com solo mineral apresentaram melhores resultados no enraizamento das estacas. Em canteiro, os resultados demonstraram o rápido crescimento das mudas com intensa emissão de estolões e fechamento do espaço em 105 dias. Esta espécie rústica, Glandularia marrubioides (Cham. Tronc. cf., apresenta alto potencial ornamental e paisagístico como forração em áreas degradadas e em declive.

Number of conspecifics and reproduction in the invasive plant Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae): is there a pollinator-mediated Allee effect?

Science.gov (United States)

Anic, V; Henríquez, C A; Abades, S R; Bustamante, R O

2015-05-01

The component Allee effect has been defined as 'a positive relationship between any measure of individual fitness and the number or density of conspecifics'. Larger plant populations or large patches have shown a higher pollinator visitation rate, which may give rise to an Allee effect in reproduction of the plants. We experimentally tested the effect of number of conspecifics on reproduction and pollinator visitation in Eschscholzia californica Cham., an invasive plant in Chile. We then built patches with two, eight and 16 flowering individuals of E. californica (11 replicates per treatment) in an area characterised by dominance of the study species. We found that E. californica exhibits a component Allee effect, as the number of individuals of this species has a positive effect on individual seed set. However, individual fruit production was not affected by the number of plants examined. Pollinator visitation rate was also independent of the number of plants, so this factor would not explain the Allee effect. This rate was positively correlated with the total number of flowers in the patches. We also found that the number of plants did not affect the seed mass or proportion of germinated seeds in the patches. Higher pollen availability in patches with 16 plants and pollination by wind could explain the Allee effect. The component Allee effect identified could lead to a weak demographic Allee effect that might reduce the rate of spread of E. californica. Knowledge of this would be useful for management of this invasive plant in Chile. © 2014 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

Effects of Lippia sidoides essential oil, thymol, p-cymene, myrcene and caryophyllene on rat sciatic nerve excitability

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R. Barbosa

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Lippia sidoides Cham is a typical herb species of Northeast Brazil with widespread use in folk medicine. The major constituents of the essential oil of L. sidoides (EOLs are thymol, p-cymene, myrcene, and caryophyllene. Several studies have shown that the EOLs and its constituents have pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effects of the EOLs and their main constituents on rat sciatic nerve excitability. The sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats were dissected and mounted in a moist chamber. Nerves were stimulated by square wave pulses, with an amplitude of 40 V, duration of 100 μs to 0.2 Hz. Both EOLs and thymol inhibited compound action potential (CAP in a concentration-dependent manner. Half maximal inhibitory concentration for CAP peak-to-peak amplitude blockade were 67.85 and 40 µg/mL for EOLs and thymol, respectively. CAP peak-to-peak amplitude was significantly reduced by concentrations ≥60 µg/mL for EOLs and ≥30 µg/mL for thymol. EOLs and thymol in the concentration of 60 µg/mL significantly increased chronaxie and rheobase. The conduction velocities of 1st and 2nd CAP components were also concentration-dependently reduced by EOLs and thymol in the range of 30-100 µg/mL. Differently from EOLs and thymol, p-cymene, myrcene and caryophyllene did not reduce CAP in the higher concentrations of 10 mM. These data demonstrated that EOLs and thymol inhibited neuronal excitability and were promising agents for the development of new drugs for therapeutic use.

Uniform shrub growth response to June temperature across the North Slope of Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Ackerman, Daniel E.; Griffin, Daniel; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Popham, Kelly; Jones, Erin; Finlay, Jacques C.

2018-04-01

The expansion of woody shrubs in arctic tundra alters many aspects of high-latitude ecosystems, including carbon cycling and wildlife habitat. Dendroecology, the study of annual growth increments in woody plants, has shown promise in revealing how climate and environmental conditions interact with shrub growth to affect these key ecosystem properties. However, a predictive understanding of how shrub growth response to climate varies across the heterogeneous landscape remains elusive. Here we use individual-based mixed effects modeling to analyze 19 624 annual growth ring measurements in the stems of Salix pulchra (Cham.), a rapidly expanding deciduous shrub. Stem samples were collected at six sites throughout the North Slope of Alaska. Sites spanned four landscapes that varied in time since glaciation and hence in soil properties, such as nutrient availability, that we expected would modulate shrub growth response to climate. Ring growth was remarkably coherent among sites and responded positively to mean June temperature. The strength of this climate response varied slightly among glacial landscapes, but in contrast to expectations, this variability was not systematically correlated with landscape age. Additionally, shrubs at all sites exhibited diminishing marginal growth gains in response to increasing temperatures, indicative of alternative growth limiting mechanisms in particularly warm years, such as temperature-induced moisture limitation. Our results reveal a regionally-coherent and robust shrub growth response to early season growing temperature, with local soil properties contributing only a minor influence on shrub growth. Our conclusions strengthen predictions of changes to wildlife habitat and improve the representation of tundra vegetation dynamics in earth systems models in response to future arctic warming.

Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of crude extracts of Cordia ecalyculata and Echinodorus grandiflorus.

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Cristiano José; Bastos, Jairo Kenupp; Takahashi, Catarina Satie

2010-02-03

Cordia ecalyculata Vell. and Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli are extensively used in Brazil as therapeutic preparations for indigenous groups and the general population. These plants have been used in the folk medicine as: tonic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, appetite suppressants, for the treatment of snake bites, and weight loss. In this study, it was verified the possible cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the crude extracts of. Cordia ecalyculata and Echinodorus grandiflorus, as well as their effectiveness in treating obesity. The Micronucleus Test was used for the evaluation of possible clastogenic and aneugenic effects, and the Comet Assay was used for the evaluation of single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were verified by PCE/NCE ratio. Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were used as the experimental model. It was observed a significant (PCordia ecalyculata or Echinodorus grandiflorus extracts, in comparison with the negative control. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for both extract treatment. We observed that treatment with the Cordia ecalyculata extract at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw resulted in a PCE/NCE ratio that was larger (P0.05). The results of this study allowed us to infer that the crude extracts of Cordia ecalyculata and Echinodorus grandiflorus do not display cytotoxic or genotoxic activities. However, they do possess weak clastogenic activity (without significance) on peripheral blood cells. Contrary to commonly held beliefs it was also found in this study that the extracts are not effective for obesity treatments. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Revised CDM baseline study on fuel use and manure management at household level

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buysman, E.; Bryan, S.; Pino, M.

2010-05-15

This report presents the revised study of the original CDM baseline study conducted in 2006. The original study was conducted under the authority of the National Biogas Program (NBP), to study the potential GHG mitigation resulting from the adoption of domestic biodigesters. In the beginning of June 2006, a survey amongst 300 randomly selected households with the technical potential for a biodigester was conducted in the NBP's 6-targeted provinces (Kampong Cham, Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, Kampong Speu, Takeo and Kandal) in southeast Cambodia. The revised baseline study includes two additional provinces, Kampot and Kampong Chhnang. The survey showed that a significant proportion of the households have no access to basic sanitation and often have health problems. They consume mainly wood as cooking fuel and the majority use inefficient cooking stoves. The main lighting fuel is kerosene. The GHG emissions were calculated for each type of Animal Waste Management System (AWMS) and the baseline fuel consumption. The main methodology used is the GS-VER biodigester methodology and the IPCC 2006 guidelines to ex-ante estimate baseline, project and the emission reductions. The GHG emission from wood burning is only considered when it originates from a non-renewable source. The NRB analysis determined a NRB share of 70.7% for both collected and purchased wood. Total GHG emission is calculated by combining AWMS and wood fuels emissions. The annual baseline and project emission was estimated to be respectively 5.38 tCO2eq and 0.46 tCO2eq per average household, the emission reductions (ER) are therefore 4.92 tCO2eq/household/year.

Diversity and useful products in some Verbenaceous member of Melghat and Amravati regions, Maharashtra, India

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SHUBHANGI NAGORAO INGOLE

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Ingole SN (2011 Diversity and useful products in some Verbenaceous member of Melghat and Amravati regions, Maharashtra, India. Biodiversitas 12: 146-163. Verbenaceae is a large family of very diverse habit. The present study deals with detailed characteristics, distribution and economically important products of some verbenaceous members of Melghat and Amravati regions. During the survey twenty members belonging to fourteen genera of Verbenaceae were collected. Some members occur abundantly either in wild or cultivated state like Lantana camara L. var. aculeata Mold., Lantana flava Medik., L. nivea Vent., Glandularia bipinnatifida (Schauer Nutt., Duranta erecta L., Vitex negundo L., Volkameria inermis L., Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f., Clerodendrum splendens G. Don, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. etc. while Petrea volubilis L., Gmelina arborea Roxb., G. phillippensis Cham., Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L. Vahl., S. mutabilis (Jacq. Vahl., Rotheca serrata (L. Steane & Mabb., Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. are not much common and occur in limited locations. Phyla nodiflora (L. Greene, a creeping much-branched herb is found typically in wet places. Tectona grandis L. f. occurs very variable in size according to its habitat and is common dominant tree in forest of Melghat and also planted in plains. Clerodendrum infortunatum L., a gregarious tomentose shrub is exclusively found in shades of forest at limited spots in higher elevations of Melghat. The various members are not only beautiful ornamentals but also the source of important medicinal products useful in a broad range of diseases including skin disorders and snake remedies; they contain alkaloids, sterols, saponin, glucosides, dyes etc. and are economically quite important e.g. as high quality timber. On basis of morphological diversity the generic key is provided.

Book reviews

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Redactie KITLV

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Andrea Acri, Helen Creese, and Arlo Griffiths (eds, From Laṅkā Eastwards: The Rāmāyaṇa in the literature and visual arts of Indonesia (Dick van der Meij Michael Arthur Aung-Thwin and Kenneth R. Hall (eds, New perspectives on the history and historiography of Southeast Asia: Continuing explorations (David Henley Steven Farram, A short-lived enthusiasm: The Australian consulate in Portuguese Timor (Hans Hägerdal R. Michael Feener, Patrick Daly and Anthony Reid (eds, Mapping the Acehnese past (William Bradley Horton Geoffrey C. Gunn, History without borders: The making of an Asian world region, 1000-1800 (Craig A. Lockard Andrew Hardy, Mauro Cucarzi and Patrizia Zolese, (eds, Champa and the archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam (William A. Southworth Jac. Hoogerbrugge, Asmat: Arts, crafts and people; A photographic diary, 1969-1974 (Karen Jacobs Felicia Katz-Harris, Inside the puppet box: A performance of wayang kulit at the Museum of international folk art (Sadiah Boonstra Douglas Lewis, The Stranger-Kings of Sikka (Keng We Koh Jennifer Lindsay and Maya H.T. Liem (eds, Heirs to world culture: Being Indonesian 1950-1965 (Manneke Budiman Trần Kỳ Phương and Bruce M. Lockhart, The Cham of Vietnam: History, society and art (Arlo Griffiths Krishna Sen and David T. Hill (eds, Politics and the media in twenty-first century Indonesia: Decade of democracy (E.P. Wieringa Andrew N. Weintraub (ed., Islam and popular culture in Indonesia and Malaysia (Andy Fuller Meredith L. Weiss, Student activism in Malaysia: Crucible, mirror, sideshow (Richard Baxstrom Widjojo Nitisastro, The Indonesian development experience: A collection of writings and speeches of Widjojo Nitisastro (J. Thomas Lindblad

The Ethics of Biomedical Big Data : Brent Daniel Mittelstadt and Luciano Floridi, eds. 2016, Springer International Publishing (Cham, Switzerland, 978-3-319-33523-0, 480 pp.).

Science.gov (United States)

Mason, Paul H

2017-12-01

The availability of diverse sources of data related to health and illness from various types of modern communication technology presents the possibility of augmenting medical knowledge, clinical care, and the patient experience. New forms of data collection and analysis will undoubtedly transform epidemiology, public health, and clinical practice, but what ethical considerations come in to play? With a view to analysing the ethical and regulatory dimensions of burgeoning forms of biomedical big data, Brent Daniel Mittelstadt and Luciano Floridi have brought together thirty scholars in an edited volume that forms part of Springer's Law, Governance and Technology book series in a collection titled The Ethics of Biomedical Big Data. With eighteen chapters partitioned into six carefully devised sections, this volume engages with core theoretical, ethical, and regulatory challenges posed by biomedical big data.

Transient elastography with the XL probe rapidly identifies patients with nonhepatic ascites

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Mueller S

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Anna Kohlhaas1, Esteban Durango1, Gunda Millonig1, Cecile Bastard2, Laurent Sandrin2, Mohammad Golriz3, Arianeb Mehrabi3, Markus W Büchler3, Helmut Karl Seitz1, Sebastian Mueller11Department of Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research, Liver Disease and Nutrition, Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 2Department of Research and Development, Echosens, Paris, France; 3Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyBackground: In contrast with other elastographic techniques, ascites is considered an exclusion criterion for assessment of fibrosis stage by transient elastography. However, a normal liver stiffness could rule out hepatic causes of ascites at an early stage. The aim of the present study was to determine whether liver stiffness can be generally determined by transient elastography through an ascites layer, to determine whether the ascites-mediated increase in intra-abdominal pressure affects liver stiffness, and to provide initial data from a pilot cohort of patients with various causes of ascites.Methods and results: Using the XL probe in an artificial ascites model, we demonstrated (copolymer phantoms surrounded by water that a transient elastography-generated shear wave allows accurate determination of phantom stiffness up to a water lamella of 20 mm. We next showed in an animal ascites model that increased intra-abdominal pressure does not affect liver stiffness. Liver stiffness was then determined in 24 consecutive patients with ascites due to hepatic (n = 18 or nonhepatic (n = 6 causes. The cause of ascites was eventually clarified using routine clinical, imaging, laboratory, and other tools. Valid (75% or acceptable (25% liver stiffness data could be obtained in 23 patients (95.8% with ascites up to an ascites lamella of 39 mm. The six patients (25% with nonhepatic causes of ascites (eg, pancreatitis, peritoneal carcinomatosis had a

Klebsiella pneumoniae necrotizing fasciitis of the leg in an elderly French woman

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Monié M

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Marguerite Monié,1 Laurence Drieux,2–4 Bernadette Nzili,1 Michèle Dicko,5 Catherine Goursot,1 Sandrine Greffard,6 Dominique Decré,3,4,7 Anthony Mézière1 1Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP, GHU Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, site Charles Foix, Service de Soins de Suite et Réadaptation orthogériatrique et polyvalent, Fondation d’Heur et Chemin Delatour, Ivry s/Seine, 2Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Bactériologie-Hygiène, Paris, 3Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, team E13 (Bacteriology, Paris, 4INSERM, U1135, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, team E13 (Bacteriology, Paris, 5AP-HP, GHU Henri Mondor, Département de Médecine Interne et Gériatrie, Créteil, 6AP-HP, GHU Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, site Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Paris, 7AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bactériologie-Hygiène, Paris, France Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection in regions outside of Asia. Here, we present a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the leg caused by K. pneumoniae in a 92-year-old French woman hospitalized in a geriatric rehabilitation unit. The patient initially presented with dermohypodermitis of the leg that developed from a dirty wound following a fall. A few hours later, this painful injury extended to the entire lower limb, with purplish discoloration of the skin, bullae, and necrosis. Septic shock rapidly appeared and the patient died 9 hours after the onset of symptoms. The patient was Caucasian, with no history of travel to Asia or any underlying disease. Computed tomography revealed no infectious metastatic loci. Blood cultures showed growth of capsular serotype K2 K. pneumoniae strains with virulence factors RmpA, yersiniabactin and aerobactin. This rare and fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by a virulent strain

A new dermocosmetic containing retinaldehyde, delta-tocopherol glucoside and glycylglycine oleamide for managing naturally aged skin: results from in vitro to clinical studies

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Rouvrais C

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Céline Rouvrais,1,* Daniel Bacqueville,2,* Patrick Bogdanowicz,2,* Marie-José Haure,2 Laure Duprat,2 Christine Coutanceau,3 Nathalie Castex-Rizzi,2 Hélène Duplan,2 Valérie Mengeaud,1 Sandrine Bessou-Touya2 1Clinical Skin Research Center, 2Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, 3Laboratoire Dermatologique Avène, Lavaur, France *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Natural aging of skin tissues, the addition of the cumulative action of the time and radiation exposure result in skin atrophy, wrinkles and degeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM. The aim of the study was to investigate the beneficial effect of a combination containing retinaldehyde (RAL, delta-tocopherol glucoside (delta-TC and glycylglycine oleamide (GGO and of a dermocosmetic containing the combination. Materials and methods: The protective effect of the combination was assessed through in vitro gene expression of ultraviolet (UV-irradiated fibroblasts. A skin aging assay using UV light on ex vivo skin samples and a clinical study conducted in 36 women aged from 35 to 55 years with a minimum of level 4 to a maximum of level 6 on the crow’s feet photoscale assessed the antiaging effect of the dermocosmetic. Results: When added to UV-irradiated fibroblasts, the combination substantially improved the ECM in activating the elastin fiber production (fibrillin 2, fibulin 1 and 5 and lysyl ­oxidase-like 2 as well as that of proteins involved in the cellular ECM interactions (integrin β1, paxillin and actin a2. An ex vivo photodamaged human skin model showed that the dermocosmetic formulation containing the combination of the active ingredients protected the elastic network against UV-induced alterations including both elastin and fibrillin-rich fibers in the dermis. A daily application of the dermocosmetic for 2 months on naturally aged skin resulted in a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05 of visible

Feeding habits of the crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora: Canidae, in a mosaic area with native and exotic vegetation in Southern Brazil Hábito alimentar do cachorro-do-mato, Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora: Canidae, em área de mosaico de vegetação nativa e exótica no Sul do Brasil

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Vlamir J. Rocha

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766 is the most widespread neotropical canid, most commonly inhabiting forested areas. This animal is a generalist omnivore that is able to use environments disturbed by human activities. The aim of this study was to describe its diet through the stomach content analysis of 30 samples obtained from specimens that were run over in a mosaic composed by Araucaria Pine Forest, Semidecidual Seasonal Forest, natural grasslands, and exotic vegetation. The items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (F.O. and percentage of occurrence (P.O.. A total of 64 food items were found among 171 occurrences. According to F.O. method, plant items corresponded to 93.3% of the occurrences, followed by animal items (86.7% and human rejects (16.6%. Among plants, fruits accounted for 92.9% of the occurrences, followed by leaves (53.6% and flowers (10.7%. Syagrus romanzoffianum (Cham. Glassman, 1968 and the exotic Hovenia dulcis Thunberg were the most consumed fruits (30% each, and the most consumed leaves were Poaceae. Among preyed animals, the F.O. was 73.3% for invertebrates (mostly Orthoptera and Coleoptera, 36.7% each and 63.3% for vertebrates (mostly mammals, 33.3%. Regarding the P.O. method, there was an overestimation of invertebrates (98.1% due to the presence of ants and termites in the stomach of a single individual. In general, C. thous presented its usual diet. Its generalistic feeding habits can positively influence its survival in altered environments. This study also compares different methods for dietary analysis and discusses some opportunistic behaviors of C. thous, such as the consumption of exotic species and the use of silviculture areas as hunting sites.Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766 é o canídeo neotropical mais amplamente distribuído e habita principalmente ambientes florestados. Este animal possui hábito alimentar onívoro generalista e demonstra capacidade de utilizar ambientes perturbados pela ação do

Total fine root mass and nutrient content in forest ecosystems (Pinus patula Schltdl and Cham Cupressus lusitanica Mill and Quercus humboldtii bonpl.) from Piedras Blancas, Antioquia - Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barreto Sanchez, Luis Hernan; Leon Pelaez, Juan Diego

2005-01-01

In the Piedras Blancas region, Antioquia - Colombia, a sampling of fine roots K > Mg > Fe > P this study sought to highlight the importance of fine roots and their concentrations of nutrients in natural forests and plantations and their relationship with nutrient cycling. For this purpose, the methodological approach comprised total root mass, both dead and alive

Nutrición Y Síntomas De Declinación De Abies religiosa (H.B.K. Schl. et Cham. En El Desierto De Los Leones, D. F.

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R. Rivera-Amaro

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La declinación de Abies religiosa en el Desierto de los Leones, D. F. es un proceso del que a la fecha muchos aspectos han sido poco estudiados, lo que ha dificultado la cabal comprensión de las causas del fenómeno. En el presente trabajo se estudió el estado nutrimental de la especie, relacionándolo con el grado en que se presentan dos de los principales síntomas, la clorosis y el enrojecimiento del follaje. Se seleccionaron muestras de follaje de aproximadamente 1.5 años de edad de A. religiosa con presencia de cada uno de los síntomas en cinco diferentes grados, 0, 25, 50, 75 y 100. Cada uno de los grados de cada síntoma fueron replicados cinco veces y los datos fueron procesados mediante análisis de varianza. Los resultados indican una relación inversa entre el grado de clorosis y las concentraciones de N, P y K en presencia de deficiencias de Mg y Mn. El enrojecimiento del follaje parece estar relacionado con deficiencias de N, acompañadas por deficiencias generalizadas de K, Mg y Mn.

DIAGNOSTIC AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF RABIES DISEASE IN HEALTH CENTER OF COMMUNITY

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Raflizar Raflizar

2012-11-01

Full Text Available In Indonesia, Rabies is still considered as the most common zoonotic disease. It is not due to the number of death cases but to the number of human cases of human bitten by rabies virus infected animals or suspected ones. Most of human rabies cases caused by dog bites, besides cat and monkey bites. If rabies can be eliminated from dogs, rabies in cats and monkeys can also be eliminated as spontaneous rabies in these two animals are rare. Rabies is caused by an RNA virus from Rhabdowidae Family and it attacks the central nervous system. It is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms in unvaccinated people Diagnose is based on the history of close contacts to infected saliva (via bites or scratches and development of signs and symptoms. The early stage symptoms are fever. malaise, followed by agitation, abnormal behaviours, anxiety, hallucination, progressing to delirium, hypersalivalion, hydrophobia, aerophobia, neurological symptoms such as pharynx spasm. paralysis, seizure, and finally death. Laboratory test to detect rabies virus in saliva can be done by a Reverse transcription followed by Polymerase Cham Reaction (RT/PCR and virus isolation in cultured tissues. Skin biopsies of hair follicles at nape of the neck are exammed for rabies antigen in cutaneous nerves at the base of hair follicles by immunofluoresence staining. The treatment after exposure are cleansing lesion, administering intradermal anti-rabies immunization to accelerate immune response. anti-rabies serum to stop infection process, intravenous and intraventricular ribavirin and alfa interferon, high concentration of ketamine infusion to inhibit rabies virus replication. At last, vaccination is the best prevention. Key words: rabies, RNA-virus, vaccination, diagnosis, treatment

Acceptability Study on HIV Self-Testing among Transgender Women, Men who Have Sex with Men, and Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia: A Qualitative Analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Pal, Khuondyla; Ngin, Chanrith; Tuot, Sovannary; Chhoun, Pheak; Ly, Cheaty; Chhim, Srean; Luong, Minh-Anh; Tatomir, Brent; Yi, Siyan

2016-01-01

In Cambodia, HIV prevalence is high while HIV testing rates remain low among transgender women (TG women), men who have sex with men (MSM), and female entertainment workers (FEW). Introducing self-testing for HIV to these key populations (KPs) could potentially overcome the under-diagnosis of HIV and significantly increase testing rates and receipt of the results, and thus could decrease transmission. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the acceptability of HIV self-testing (HIVST) among these three categories of KPs. This study was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) with TG women, MSM, and FEW in Phnom Penh city, Kampong Cham, Battambang, and Siem Reap provinces of Cambodia. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants. Two FGDs (six participants in each FGD) were conducted in each target group in each study site, totaling 24 FGDs (144 participants). Thematic analysis was performed to identify common or divergent patterns across the target groups. Almost all participants among the three groups (TG women, MSM, and FEW) had not heard about HIVST, but all of them expressed willingness to try it. They perceived HIVST as confidential, convenient, time-saving, and high-tech. Barriers to obtaining HIVST included cost, access, administration technique, embarrassment, and fear of pain. The majority preferred counseling before and after testing. Participants showed high willingness to use and acceptability of HIVST due to its confidentiality/privacy and convenience even if it is not linked to a confirmatory test or care and treatment. Notwithstanding, to increase HIVST, the target groups would need affordable self-test kits, education about how to perform HIVST and read results, assurance about accuracy and reliability of HIVST, and provision of post-test counseling and facilitation of linkage to care and treatment.

Limited Pollen Dispersal Contributes to Population Genetic Structure but Not Local Adaptation in Quercus oleoides Forests of Costa Rica.

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Nicholas John Deacon

Full Text Available Quercus oleoides Cham. and Schlect., tropical live oak, is a species of conservation importance in its southern range limit of northwestern Costa Rica. It occurs in high-density stands across a fragmented landscape spanning a contrasting elevation and precipitation gradient. We examined genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure in this geographically isolated and genetically distinct population. We characterized population genetic diversity at 11 nuclear microsatellite loci in 260 individuals from 13 sites. We monitored flowering time at 10 sites, and characterized the local environment in order to compare observed spatial genetic structure to hypotheses of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment. Finally, we quantified pollen dispersal distances and tested for local adaptation through a reciprocal transplant experiment in order to experimentally address these hypotheses.High genetic diversity is maintained in the population and the genetic variation is significantly structured among sampled sites. We identified 5 distinct genetic clusters and average pollen dispersal predominately occurred over short distances. Differences among sites in flowering phenology and environmental factors, however, were not strictly associated with genetic differentiation. Growth and survival of upland and lowland progeny in their native and foreign environments was expected to exhibit evidence of local adaptation due to the more extreme dry season in the lowlands. Seedlings planted in the lowland garden experienced much higher mortality than seedlings in the upland garden, but we did not identify evidence for local adaptation.Overall, this study indicates that the Costa Rican Q. oleoides population has a rich population genetic history. Despite environmental heterogeneity and habitat fragmentation, isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment alone do not explain spatial genetic structure. These results add to studies of genetic structure by

Study on O2-supplying characteristics of Azolla in Controlled Ecological Life Support System

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Chen, Min; Deng, Sufang; Yang, Youquang; Huang, Yibing; Liu, Zhongzhu

Azolla has high growth and propagation rate, strong photosynthetic O2-releasing ability and rich nutrient value. It is able to be used as salad-type vegetable, and can also be cultured on wet bed in multi-layer condition. Hence, it possesses a potential functioning as providing O2, fresh vegetable and absorbing CO2 for Controlled Ecological Life Support System in space. In this study, we try to make clear the O2-providing characteristics of Azolla in controlled close chamber under manned condition in order to lay a foundation for Azolla as a biological component in the next ground simulated experiment and space application. A closed test cham-ber of Controlled Ecological Life Support System and Azolla wet-culturing devices were built to measure the changes of atmospheric O2-CO2 concentration inside chamber under "Azolla-fish -men" coexisting condition. The results showed that, the amount of O2 consumption is 80.49 83.07 ml/h per kilogram fish, the amount of CO2 emissions is 70.49 73.56 ml/(kg • h); O2 consumption of trial volunteers is 19.71 L/h, the volume of respiration release CO2 18.90 L/h .Artificial light intensity of Azolla wet culture under 70009000 Lx, people respiration and Azolla photosynthesis complemented each other, the atmospheric O2-CO2 concentration inside chamber maintained equilibration. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations in close chamber have obvious effects on enhancing Azolla net photosynthesis efficiency. This shows that Azolla has strong photosynthetic O2-releasing ability, which equilibrates the O2-CO2 concentration inside chamber in favor of human survival, and then verifies the prospect of Azolla in space application.

Limited Pollen Dispersal Contributes to Population Genetic Structure but Not Local Adaptation in Quercus oleoides Forests of Costa Rica.

Science.gov (United States)

Deacon, Nicholas John; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine

2015-01-01

Quercus oleoides Cham. and Schlect., tropical live oak, is a species of conservation importance in its southern range limit of northwestern Costa Rica. It occurs in high-density stands across a fragmented landscape spanning a contrasting elevation and precipitation gradient. We examined genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure in this geographically isolated and genetically distinct population. We characterized population genetic diversity at 11 nuclear microsatellite loci in 260 individuals from 13 sites. We monitored flowering time at 10 sites, and characterized the local environment in order to compare observed spatial genetic structure to hypotheses of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment. Finally, we quantified pollen dispersal distances and tested for local adaptation through a reciprocal transplant experiment in order to experimentally address these hypotheses. High genetic diversity is maintained in the population and the genetic variation is significantly structured among sampled sites. We identified 5 distinct genetic clusters and average pollen dispersal predominately occurred over short distances. Differences among sites in flowering phenology and environmental factors, however, were not strictly associated with genetic differentiation. Growth and survival of upland and lowland progeny in their native and foreign environments was expected to exhibit evidence of local adaptation due to the more extreme dry season in the lowlands. Seedlings planted in the lowland garden experienced much higher mortality than seedlings in the upland garden, but we did not identify evidence for local adaptation. Overall, this study indicates that the Costa Rican Q. oleoides population has a rich population genetic history. Despite environmental heterogeneity and habitat fragmentation, isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment alone do not explain spatial genetic structure. These results add to studies of genetic structure by examining a common

Removing arsenic from groundwater in Cambodia using high performance iron adsorbent.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Y; Takeda, R; Nada, A; Thavarith, L; Tang, S; Nuki, K; Sakurai, K

2014-09-01

In Cambodia, groundwater has been contaminated with arsenic, and purification of the water is an urgent issue. From 2010 to 2012, an international collaborative project between Japan and Cambodia for developing arsenic-removing technology from well water was conducted and supported by the foundation of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan. Quality of well water was surveyed in Kandal, Prey Veng, and Kampong Cham Provinces, and a monitoring trial of the arsenic removal equipment using our patented amorphous iron (hydr)oxide adsorbent was performed. Of the 37 wells surveyed, arsenic concentration of 24 exceeded the Cambodian guideline value (50 μg L(-1)), and those of 27 exceeded the WHO guideline for drinking water (10 μg L(-1)). Levels of arsenic were extremely high in some wells (>1,000-6,000 μg L(-1)), suggesting that arsenic pollution of groundwater is serious in these areas. Based on the survey results, 16 arsenic removal equipments were installed in six schools, three temples, two health centers, four private houses, and one commune office. Over 10 months of monitoring, the average arsenic concentrations of the treated water were between 0 and 10 μg L(-1) at four locations, 10-50 μg L(-1) at eight locations, and >50 μg L(-1) at four locations. The arsenic removal rate ranged in 83.1-99.7%, with an average of 93.8%, indicating that the arsenic removal equipment greatly lower the risk of arsenic exposure to the residents. Results of the field trial showed that As concentration of the treated water could be reduced to condition. This is one of the succeeding As removal techniques that could reduce As concentration of water below the WHO guideline value for As in situ.

Evapotranspiration of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) cultivated at two plantation sites in Southeast Asia: RUBBER EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN SE ASIA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giambelluca, Thomas W. [Department of Geography, University of Hawai' i at Mānoa, Honolulu Hawai' i USA; Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya Japan; Mudd, Ryan G. [Department of Geography, University of Hawai' i at Mānoa, Honolulu Hawai' i USA; Liu, Wen [Department of Geography, University of Hawai' i at Mānoa, Honolulu Hawai' i USA; Ziegler, Alan D. [Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore; Kobayashi, Nakako [Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya Japan; Kumagai, Tomo' omi [Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya Japan; Miyazawa, Yoshiyuki [Department of Geography, University of Hawai' i at Mānoa, Honolulu Hawai' i USA; Research Institute of East Asia Environments, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Japan; Lim, Tiva Khan [Cambodian Rubber Research Institute, Phnom Penh Cambodia; Huang, Maoyi [Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland Washington USA; Fox, Jefferson [East-West Center, Honolulu Hawai' i USA; Yin, Song [Cambodian Rubber Research Institute, Phnom Penh Cambodia; Mak, Sophea Veasna [Cambodian Rubber Research Institute, Phnom Penh Cambodia; Kasemsap, Poonpipope [Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok Thailand

2016-02-01

The expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation to higher latitudes and higher elevations in southeast Asia is part of a dramatic shift in the direction of rural land cover change in the region toward more tree covered landscapes. To investigate the possible effects of increasing rubber cultivation in the region on ecosystem services including water cycling, eddy covariance towers were established to measure ecosystem fluxes within two rubber plantations, one each in Bueng Kan, northeastern Thailand, and Kampong Cham, central Cambodia. The results show that evapotranspiration (ET) at both sites is strongly related to variations in available energy and leaf area, and moderately controlled by soil moisture. Measured mean annual ET was 1128 and 1272 mm for the Thailand and Cambodia sites, respectively. After adjustment for energy closure, mean annual was estimated to be 1211 and 1459 mm yr at the Thailand and Cambodia sites, respectively. Based on these estimates and that of another site in Xishuangbanna, southwestern China, it appears that of rubber is higher than that of other tree dominated land covers in the region, including forest. While measurements by others in non rubber tropical ecosystems indicate that at high net radiation sites is at most only slightly higher than for sites with lower net radiation, mean annual rubber increases strongl with increasing net radiation across the three available rubber plantation observation sites. With the continued expansion of tree dominated land covers, including rubber cultivation, in southeast Asia, the possible association between commercially viable, fast growing tree crop species Giambelluca et al. Evapotranspiration of rubber (Havea brasiliensis) cultivated at two sites in southeast Asia and their relatively high water use raises concerns about potential effects on water and food security.

Determination of the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of crude extracts and isolated compounds from leaves of Cordia multispicata and Tournefortia bicolor.

Science.gov (United States)

Correia Da Silva, Thiago B; Souza, Vivian Karoline T; Da Silva, Ana Paula F; Lyra Lemos, Rosangela P; Conserva, Lucia M

2010-01-01

In this work, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts and four flavonoids isolated from leaves of two Boraginaceae species (Cordia multispicata Cham. and Tournefortia bicolor Sw.) were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, DPPH free radical scavenging and inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid by FTC method. For comparison, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and BHT were used. In general, extracts from T. bicolor (68.8 +/- 0.001 to > 1000 mg/g) showed higher phenolic content than C. multispicata (66.1 +/- 0.009 to 231 +/- 0.07 mg/g), and also scavenged radicals (IC(50) 12.8 +/- 2.5 to 437 +/- 3.5 mg/L) and inhibited lipid peroxide formation (IC(50) 51.2 +/- 2.29 to 89 +/- 0.59 mg/L). For these extracts a good correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed, suggesting that T. bicolor is richer in phenolic compounds and that it could serve as a new source of natural antioxidants or nutraceuticals with potential applications. Chromatographic procedures monitored by antioxidant assays afforded seven compounds, which were identified by spectral analyses (IR, MS and 1D and 2D NMR) and comparison with reported data as being trans-phytol (1), taraxerol (2), 3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (3), 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (4), quercetin (5), tiliroside (6), and rutin (7). Compounds (4-7) were also evaluated and were effective as DPPH quenching (IC(50) 7.7 +/- 3.6 to 79.3 +/- 3.4 mg/L) and as inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC(50) 80.1 +/- 0.98 to 88.7 +/- 3.62 mg/L). This is the first report on the total phenolic content, radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of these species.

In vitro effects of four native Brazilian medicinal plants in CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression, glutathione levels and P-glycoprotein activity.

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Andre Luis Dias Araujo Mazzari

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Erythrina mulungu Benth. (Fabaceae, Cordia verbenacea A. DC. (Boraginaceae, Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae and Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae are medicinal plants species native to Brazil shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, nothing is known about their effects in metabolic and transporter proteins, which could potentially lead to herb-drug interactions (HDI. In this work we assess non-toxic concentrations (100μg/mL of their infusions for their in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR. Their mechanisms of action were further studied by measuring the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT in HepG2 cells. Our results show that P-gp activity was not affected in any case and that only Solanum paniculatum was able to significantly change CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression (two-fold decrease, p<0.05, this being correlated with an antagonist effect upon hPXR (EC50 = 0.38mg/mL. Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to Solanum paniculatum (-44%, p<0.001, Lippia sidoides (-12%, p<0.05 and Cordia verbenacea (-47%, p<0.001. The later plant extract was able to decrease GGT activity (-48%, p<0.01. In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines may be able to cause disturbances to metabolic mechanisms in vitro. Although Erythrina mulungu appears safe in our tests, active pharmacovigilance is recommended for the other three species, especially in the case of Solanum paniculatum.

Gametophyte and sporophyte of tree ferns in vitro culture

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Katarzyna Goller

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Experiments had been carried out on gametophytes and very young fronds of sporophytes with application of Murashige and Skoog (1962 medium. The paper described the results of 15 years in vitro experiments on 16 species of tree ferns belonging to various genera: Blechnum, Cibotium, Cyathea and Dicksonia. Genus Cyathea was represented by: C. australis (R.Br. Domin., C. capensis (L.f. Sm., C. cooperi (F.Muell. Domin, C. brownii Domin, C. dealbata (G.Forest Sw., C. dregei Kunze, C. leichhardtiana (F.Muell. Copel., C. robertsiana (F.Muell. Domin., C. schanschin Mart., C. smithii Hook.f. and Cyathea sp. In case of genus Dicksonia only two species were introduced into our experiments: D. fibrosa Colenso and D. sellowiana Hook.. Taxa Blechnum was presented by B. brasiliense Desv. and Cibotium by C. glaucum (Sm. Hook. and Arn. and C. schiedei Schltdl. and Cham.. The studied species presented various responses on culture conditions depending on the level of stage of development. Time required for spores germination differed between species and took from only a few to 16 weeks. Prothalium formations showed various types of growth presented by marginal meristems. For all investigated species long term gametophyte in vitro cultures was established. Mature gametophyte possessed functional antheridia and archegonia. Spontaneous fertilization helped to establish the culture of young sporophytes. For all species the ex vitro culture in greenhouse collection was established. Manipulation of sucrose content in the medium stimulated the multiplication of gametophytes, but its lack induced formation of gemmae. Apospory was observed when culture of very young fronds was extended for 6 months and new generation of gametophytes was developed. Finally, sporophytes of 12 species were obtained and they have been growing in our greenhouse.

Acceptability Study on HIV Self-Testing among Transgender Women, Men who Have Sex with Men, and Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia: A Qualitative Analysis.

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Khuondyla Pal

Full Text Available In Cambodia, HIV prevalence is high while HIV testing rates remain low among transgender women (TG women, men who have sex with men (MSM, and female entertainment workers (FEW. Introducing self-testing for HIV to these key populations (KPs could potentially overcome the under-diagnosis of HIV and significantly increase testing rates and receipt of the results, and thus could decrease transmission. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the acceptability of HIV self-testing (HIVST among these three categories of KPs.This study was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs with TG women, MSM, and FEW in Phnom Penh city, Kampong Cham, Battambang, and Siem Reap provinces of Cambodia. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants. Two FGDs (six participants in each FGD were conducted in each target group in each study site, totaling 24 FGDs (144 participants. Thematic analysis was performed to identify common or divergent patterns across the target groups.Almost all participants among the three groups (TG women, MSM, and FEW had not heard about HIVST, but all of them expressed willingness to try it. They perceived HIVST as confidential, convenient, time-saving, and high-tech. Barriers to obtaining HIVST included cost, access, administration technique, embarrassment, and fear of pain. The majority preferred counseling before and after testing.Participants showed high willingness to use and acceptability of HIVST due to its confidentiality/privacy and convenience even if it is not linked to a confirmatory test or care and treatment. Notwithstanding, to increase HIVST, the target groups would need affordable self-test kits, education about how to perform HIVST and read results, assurance about accuracy and reliability of HIVST, and provision of post-test counseling and facilitation of linkage to care and treatment.

Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Lippia lacunosa Mart. and Schauer and Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Leitao, Suzana G.; Barbosa, Ymira Galico; Viccini, Lyderson F.; Salimena, Fatima R.G.; Peixoto, Paulo H.P.

2008-01-01

Lippia lacunosa and L. rotundifolia (Verbenaceae) are two Brazilian species of complex taxonomic delimitation. The composition of the essential oils from leaves and flowers of these plants was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The major components of the essential oils of flowers and leaves of L. lacunosa were: myrcene (14.7% and 11.9%), myrcenone (45.2% and 64.2%), Z-ocimenone (5.7% and 5.2%), and E-ocimenone (14.7% and 4.1%), respectively; whereas in L. rotundifolia (flowers and leaves) were ..-pinene (8.7% and 1.8%), myrcene (5.1% and 3.6%), limonene (26.0% and 7.9 %), cis-pinocamphone (4.5% and 3.1%) and myrtenal (22.3% and 16.7%), respectively. The essential oils from L. lacunosa exhibited a strong and pleasant mango aroma, which was related to the presence of myrcene and myrcenone. The marked differences in the chemical composition of their essential oils may represent a powerful tool for the botanical classification. (author)

Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Lippia lacunosa Mart. and Schauer and Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Leitao, Suzana G.; Barbosa, Ymira Galico [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Fac. de Farmacia; Oliveira, Danilo R. de; Leitao, Gilda G. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Nucleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais]. E-mail: sgleitao@pharma.ufrj.br; Suelsen, Valeria; Martino, Virginia [Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica; Bizzo, Humberto R.; Lopes, Daise [EMBRAPA Agroindustria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Viccini, Lyderson F.; Salimena, Fatima R.G.; Peixoto, Paulo H.P. [Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Ciencias Biolgicas

2008-07-01

Lippia lacunosa and L. rotundifolia (Verbenaceae) are two Brazilian species of complex taxonomic delimitation. The composition of the essential oils from leaves and flowers of these plants was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The major components of the essential oils of flowers and leaves of L. lacunosa were: myrcene (14.7% and 11.9%), myrcenone (45.2% and 64.2%), Z-ocimenone (5.7% and 5.2%), and E-ocimenone (14.7% and 4.1%), respectively; whereas in L. rotundifolia (flowers and leaves) were ..-pinene (8.7% and 1.8%), myrcene (5.1% and 3.6%), limonene (26.0% and 7.9 %), cis-pinocamphone (4.5% and 3.1%) and myrtenal (22.3% and 16.7%), respectively. The essential oils from L. lacunosa exhibited a strong and pleasant mango aroma, which was related to the presence of myrcene and myrcenone. The marked differences in the chemical composition of their essential oils may represent a powerful tool for the botanical classification. (author)

Asociación del papilomavirus humano 13 con la hiperplasia epitelial focal de la población indígena Embera-Chamí de Jardín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Juan Alberto Pérez Valencia

2005-07-01

asociación estadísticamente significativa. En el futuro será  necesaria la evaluación de características genéticas e inmunológicas de los casos y los controles para determinar otros factores de riesgo que interactúan de forma diferente en cada individuo e influyen en el desarrollo o no de la enfermedad.

Effect of Scarification, Self-Inhibition, and Sowing Depth on Seed Germination of Lupinus campestris Efecto de la Escarificación, Autoinhibición y Profundidad de Siembra sobre la Germinación de Semillas de Lupinus campestris

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Pedro Gutiérrez Nava

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Lupinus campestris Schltdl. & Cham. grows in shallow fields and disturbed areas of Central Mexico. It has potential to improve soil fertility and as fodder. Seeds of L. campestris show dormancy, and the technology needed to increase its potential use requires information about conditions favouring seed germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed germination responseof L. campestris under controlled (laboratory and natural field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, 2 yr old seeds had a maximum germination percentage (50% when they were scarified with sulphuric acid for 90 min prior to sowing and when laboratory light (0.5 µmol m-2 s-1 was maintained during the diurnal period. Without scarification, only about 3% of the seeds germinated. Light in laboratory resulted in an increased seed germination as compared to darkness condition. In the field experiment 1 yr old seeds were used testing the following treatments: (a seed scarification (seeds scarified by 30 min immersion in sulphuric acid vs. not scarified, (b presence or absence of plants of L. campestris in plots before field experiments, and (c sowing depth (on soil surface and at 3 cm deep. The scarified seeds showed a germination percentage range between 50 and 64%, whereas non-scarified seeds had 9 to 16% germination. The seeds sowed in plots with or without plants of L. campestris (before the experiment germinated similarly, indicating no evidence of self-inhibition of germination. Three conclusions come out: (1 Scarification treatment with sulphuric acid effectively breaks dormancy in L. campestris seeds; (2 Direct sowing of scarified seeds (on the soil surface or at 3 cm depth resulted in a range of 50-64% of germination under field conditions; and (3 no evidence was obtained for self-inhibition or a positive interaction between preceding vegetation and seed germination of L. campestris.Lupinus campestris Schltdl. & Cham. crece en campos en descanso y �

Plantas lenhosas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista do Parque Municipal das Araucárias – Guarapuava (PR / Woody plants of the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest the Araucaria Municipal Park - Guarapuava (PR

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Juliano Cordeiro

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado o levantamento florístico das espécies lenhosas da uma área de 41 ha de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM do Parque Municipal das Araucárias, localizado em Guarapuava (PR com coordenadas geográficas 25º 20’ 44” e 25º 21’ 35” de latitude Sul e 51º 27’ 31” e 51º 28’ 16” de longitude Oeste. O patamar altimétrico do Parque fica em torno dos 1070 m.s.n.m., o predomínio é relevo suave ondulado e solo do tipo Latossolo Bruno Ácrico Húmico. O levantamento foi realizado de mar/04 a out/08 com média de uma visita a cada vinte dias. Foram identificadas 107 espécies, pertencentes a 77 gêneros e 41 famílias botânicas, distribuídos nas formas biológicas de microfanerófitos (n=44, mesofanerófitos (n=39, nanofanerófitos (n=15, lianas (n=8 e megafanerófito (n=1. As famílias que apresentaram maior diversidade foram: Solanaceae com 12 espécies, Myrtaceae com nove, Fabaceae com oito, Bignoniaceae com seis, Asteraceae com cinco. Estas famílias agruparam 37,4% das espécies, enquanto que as outras 38 famílias responderam por 62,6% da diversidade. Aproximadamente 60,5% das famílias são representadas por apenas uma espécie cada. Considerando o critério a frequência Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss & Cambess. Hieron. ex Niederl., Casearia decandra Jacq., Cedrela fissilis Vell., Cinnamodendron dinisii Schwacke, Jacaranda puberula Cham., Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk., Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart. Barroso, Ocotea puberula (Rich. Nees, Ocotea pulchella (Nees Mez, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Vernonanthura discolor (Spreng. H. Rob. e Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. podem ser consideradas espécies companheiras da Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze na florística da FOM. Os dados quanto ao total de espécies da FOM ainda são incompletos. Faz-se necessário que levantamentos sejam direcionados aos escassos remanescentes que restam e que o critério amostral estenda-se sobre todas as formas biol

Laboratory studies of the growth, sublimation, and light- scattering properties of single levitated ice particles

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Bacon, Neil Julian

2001-12-01

I describe experiments to investigate the properties of microscopic ice particles. The goal of the work was to measure parameters that are important in cloud processes and radiative transfer, using a novel technique that avoids the use of substrates. The experiments were conducted in two separate electrodynamic balance chambers. Single, charged ice particles were formed from frost particles or from droplets frozen either homogeneously or heteroge neously with a bionucleant. The particles were trapped at temperatures between -38°C and -4°C and grown or sublimated according to the temperature gradient in the cham ber. I describe observations of breakup of sublimating frost particles, measurements of light scattering by hexagonal crystals, and observations of the morphology of ice particles grown from frozen water droplets and frost particles. The breaking strength of frost particles was an order of magnitude less than that of bulk ice. Light scattering features not previously observed were analyzed and related to crystal dimension. Initial results from a computer model failed to reproduce these features. The widths of scattering peaks suggest that surface roughness may play a role in determining the angular distribution of scattered light. Ice particle mass evolution was found to be consistent with diffusion- limited growth. Crystals grown slowly from frozen droplets adopted isometric habits, while faster growth resulted in thin side-planes, although there was not an exact correspondence between growth conditions and particle morphology. From the morphological transition, I infer lower limits for the critical supersaturation for layer nucleation on the prism face of 2.4% at -15°C, 4.4% at -20°C, and 3.1% at -25°C. Analytic expressions for the size dependence of facet stability are developed, indicating a strong dependence of stability on both crystal size and surface kinetics, and compared with data. I discuss the role of complex particle morphologies in

Cost of dengue and other febrile illnesses to households in rural Cambodia: a prospective community-based case-control study

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Margolis Harold S

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The average annual reported dengue incidence in Cambodia is 3.3/1,000 among children Methods In 2006, active fever surveillance was conducted among a cohort of 6,694 children aged ≤ 15 years in 16 villages in Kampong Cham province, Cambodia. Subsequently, a case-control study was performed by individually assigning one non-dengue febrile control from the cohort to each laboratory-confirmed dengue case. Parents of cases and controls were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to determine household-level, illness-related expenditures for medical and non-medical costs, and estimated income loss (see Additional file 1. The household socio-economic status was determined and its possible association with health seeking behaviour and the ability to pay for the costs of a febrile illness. Additional File 1 2006 cost study survey questionnaire, Cambodia. the questionnaire represents the data collection instrument that was developed and used during the present study. Click here for file Results Between September and November 2006, a total of 60 household heads were interviewed: 30 with dengue-positive and 30 with dengue-negative febrile children. Mean total dengue-related costs did not differ from those of other febrile illnesses (31.5 vs. 27.2 US$, p = 0.44. Hospitalization almost tripled the costs of dengue (from 14.3 to 40.1 US$ and doubled the costs of other febrile illnesses (from 17.0 to 36.2 US$. To finance the cost of a febrile illness, 67% of households incurred an average debt of 23.5 US$ and higher debt was associated with hospitalization compared to outpatient treatment (US$ 23.1 vs. US$ 4.5, p Conclusion In Cambodia, dengue and other febrile illnesses pose a financial burden to households. A possible reason for a lower rate of hospitalization among children from poor households could be the burden of higher illness-related costs and debts.

Ação e caracterização química de óleos essenciais no manejo da antracnose do maracujá

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César Fernandes Aquino

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar dois métodos de inoculação de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em maracujá, testar a patogenicidade de diferentes isolados, o efeito fungitóxico e a composição química dos óleos essenciais das espécies medicinais alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham., capim-santo [Cymbopogon citratus (D. C. Stapf.], alfavaca-cravo (Ocimum gratissimum L., no controle da antracnose [Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.], associado ao estádio de maturação de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Avaliaram-se três experimentos, onde se testou a patogenicidade de seis isolados do fungo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, outro com o mesmo delineamento em esquema fatorial 2x2 (suspensão de conídios e disco de micélio e frutos (verdes e maduros, com seis repetições. No tratamento com frutos, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3+1, sendo cinco concentrações (0; 2; 4; 6 e 8µL mL-1 e três espécies medicinais, mais o tebuconazol, com cinco repetições. Fez-se a caracterização química dos óleos por cromatografia gasosa, com espectrometria de massas. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos. Os frutos maduros apresentaram maior diâmetro das lesões, quando inoculados com suspensão de conídios. O óleo de C. citratus proporcionou o menor diâmetro das lesões nos frutos, até a concentração de 6 µL mL-1. Na concentração de 8 µL mL-1, todos os óleos inibiram o desenvolvimento do fungo. O timol (30,24%, o citral (77,74% e o eugenol (92,89% foram componentes majoritários em L. sidoides, C. citratus e O. gratissimum, respectivamente.

"PHC leadership: are health centres in good hands? Perspectives from 3 districts in Malawi".

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Hana, J; Maleta, K; Kirkhaug, R; Hasvold, T

2012-09-01

The study aimed to document the kinds of leadership styles are practiced at health centres (H/C) and how these styles can be explained by the contexts, characteristics of the health centre in charge (IC) and subordinate trained health staff (STHS). A well-researched leadership style model was applied, which included task, relation and change styles. This is a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires in 47 H/C in 3 districts. 347 STHSs (95%) and 46 ICs (98%) responded. Questions explored background data and perceived leadership behaviour. Style items were factor analysed, and bivariate analyses and hierarchical regressions determined how styles could be explained. Two leadership styles were revealed: "Trans" style contained all relation and the majority of task and change items; "Control" style focused on health statistics (Health Management Information System), reporting and evaluation. STHS and IC had a median age/median work experience of 34/5 years and 38,5/2 years, respectively. 48% of IC reported having no management training. CHAM H/Cs had the lowest score on "Control" style. Distance to referral hospital had no impact on style scores. No contexts or STHS characteristics predicted any leadership styles. For ICs, young age and increasing work experience were significant predictors for both styles, while Nurse ICs were negative predictors for "Control style". Management training was not a significant predictor for any style. Frontline PHC leadership may be forced by situation and context to use a comprehensive style which could lack the diversity and flexibility needed for effective leadership. The missing associations between staff characteristics and leadership styles might indicate that this group is not sufficiently considered and included in leadership processes in the PHC organization. Leadership competency for the ICs seems not to be based on formal training, but substituted by young age and work experience. Health centre organization

Evolutionary trade-offs between drought resistance mechanisms across a precipitation gradient in a seasonally dry tropical oak (Quercus oleoides).

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Ramírez-Valiente, Jose A; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine

2017-07-01

In seasonally dry tropical forest regions, drought avoidance during the dry season coupled with high assimilation rates in the wet season is hypothesized to be an advantageous strategy for forest trees in regions with severe and long dry seasons. In contrast, where dry seasons are milder, drought tolerance coupled with a conservative resource-use strategy is expected to maximize carbon assimilation throughout the year. Tests of this hypothesis, particularly at the intraspecific level, have been seldom conducted. In this study, we tested the extent to which drought resistance mechanisms and rates of carbon assimilation have evolved under climates with varying dry season length and severity within Quercus oleoidesCham. and Schlect., a tropical dry forest species that is widely distributed in Central America. For this purpose, we conducted a greenhouse experiment where seedlings originating from five populations that vary in rainfall patterns were grown under different watering treatments. Our results revealed that populations from xeric climates with more severe dry seasons exhibited large mesophyllous leaves (with high specific leaf area, SLA), and leaf abscission in response to drought, consistent with a drought-avoidance strategy. In contrast, populations from more mesic climates with less severe dry seasons had small and thick sclerophyllous leaves with low SLA and reduced water potential at the turgor loss point (πtlp), consistent with a drought-tolerance strategy. Mesic populations also showed high plasticity in πtlp in response to water availability, indicating that osmotic adjustment to drought is an important component of this strategy. However, populations with mesophyllous leaves did not have higher maximum carbon assimilation rates under well-watered conditions. Furthermore, SLA was negatively associated with mass-based photosynthetic rates, contrary to expectations of the leaf economics spectrum, indicating that drought-resistance strategies are not

Tree Height-Diameter Relationships in the Alpine Treeline Ecotone Compared with Those in Closed Forests on Changbai Mountain, Northeastern China

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Xiaoyu Wang

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Height-diameter relationship is one of the most important stature characteristics of trees. It will change with climatic conditions because height and diameter growth displays different sensitivities to climatic factors such as temperature. Detecting and understanding changes in the stature of trees growing along altitudinal gradients up to their upper limits can help us to better understand the adaptation strategy of trees under global warming conditions. On Changbai Mountain in northeastern China, height-diameter datasets were collected for 2723 Erman’s birch (Betula ermanii Cham. in the alpine treeline ecotone in 2006 and 2013, and for 888 Erman’s birch, spruce (Picea jezoensis Siebold & Zucc. Carr., larch (Larix olgensis A. Henry, and fir (Abies nephrolepis Trautv. ex Maxim. along an altitudinal gradient below the alpine treeline in 2006. These datasets were utilized to explore both changes in the stature of birch at the alpine treeline over time and variations in tree stature of different tree species across altitudes at a given time point (2006. Results showed that birch saplings (<140 cm in height became stunted while birches with a height of >140 cm became more tapered in the alpine treeline ecotone. The stature of birch along the altitudinal gradient became more tapered from 1700 to 1900 m above see level (a.s.l. and then became more stunted from 1900 to 2050 m a.s.l., with 1900 m a.s.l. being the altitudinal inflection point in this pattern. The treeline birch, due to its great temperature magnitude of distribution, displayed higher stature-plasticity in terms of its height-diameter ratio than the lower elevation species studied. The stature of birch is strongly modulated by altitude-related temperature but also co-influenced by other environmental factors such as soil depth and available water, wind speed, and duration and depth of winter snow cover. The high stature-plasticity of birch makes it fare better than other species to

Systems responses to progressive water stress in durum wheat.

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Dimah Z Habash

Full Text Available Durum wheat is susceptible to terminal drought which can greatly decrease grain yield. Breeding to improve crop yield is hampered by inadequate knowledge of how the physiological and metabolic changes caused by drought are related to gene expression. To gain better insight into mechanisms defining resistance to water stress we studied the physiological and transcriptome responses of three durum breeding lines varying for yield stability under drought. Parents of a mapping population (Lahn x Cham1 and a recombinant inbred line (RIL2219 showed lowered flag leaf relative water content, water potential and photosynthesis when subjected to controlled water stress time transient experiments over a six-day period. RIL2219 lost less water and showed constitutively higher stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration, abscisic acid content and enhanced osmotic adjustment at equivalent leaf water compared to parents, thus defining a physiological strategy for high yield stability under water stress. Parallel analysis of the flag leaf transcriptome under stress uncovered global trends of early changes in regulatory pathways, reconfiguration of primary and secondary metabolism and lowered expression of transcripts in photosynthesis in all three lines. Differences in the number of genes, magnitude and profile of their expression response were also established amongst the lines with a high number belonging to regulatory pathways. In addition, we documented a large number of genes showing constitutive differences in leaf transcript expression between the genotypes at control non-stress conditions. Principal Coordinates Analysis uncovered a high level of structure in the transcriptome response to water stress in each wheat line suggesting genome-wide co-ordination of transcription. Utilising a systems-based approach of analysing the integrated wheat's response to water stress, in terms of biological robustness theory, the findings suggest that each durum

Estudo da concordância das citações de uso e importância das espécies e famílias utilizadas como medicinais pela comunidade do bairro Ponta Grossa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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Giovana Secretti Vendruscolo

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Ferramentas para quantificar dados etnobotânicos estão sendo usadas como complementares aos levantamentos sobre a utilização de plantas por populações. Neste trabalho são utilizadas técnicas para avaliar a concordância das citações de uso e a importância das espécies e famílias para as 51 pessoas entrevistadas no bairro Ponta Grossa, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Para tal, foram utilizados os cálculos de Valor de Uso (UV e a porcentagem corrigida de Concordância quanto aos Usos Principais (CUPc para as 142 espécies mencionadas no levantamento. As espécies Aloe arborescens Mill., Citrus × aurantium L., Achyrocline satureioides (Lam. DC., Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Eugenia uniflora L., Cunila microcephala Benth., Citrus limon (L. Osveck, Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, Cymbopogon citratus (DC. Stapf, Psidium guajava L., Artemisia absinthium L., Ocimum basilicum L., Plantago tomentosa Lam., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Persea americana Mill., Aloysia citrodora Palau, Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl., Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq. J.F. Macbr., Petroselinum crispum (Mill. Nyman ex A.W. Hill, Ocimum selloi Benth. e Tanacetum vulgare L., nesta ordem de Valor de Uso, foram consideradas como as mais importantes para a população estudada. As famílias mais importantes foram Asphodelaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Rutaceae e Lythraceae. Para o cálculo da porcentagem a corrigida de Concordância quanto aos Usos Principais (CUPc foram consideradas como espécies principais as que apresentaram valores acima de 24%: Eugenia uniflora, Achyrocline satureioides, Psidium guajava, Cunila microcephala, Plectranthus barbatus, Citrus × aurantium, Citrus limon, Cymbopogon citratus, Punica granatum L., Sechium edule (Jacq. Sw., Sphagneticola trilobata (L. Pruski, Aloysia citrodora, Foeniculum vulgare, Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., Artemisia absinthium, Lippia alba (Mill. N.E. Br., Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip ex Baker, Aloe arborescens e Petroselinum

Evaluación económica de cáscara de nuez como sustrato para producción de plántulas de Pinus patula Schl. et Cham. en vivero

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O. Romero-Arenas

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la rentabilidad de un vivero forestal para la producción de plántulas de Pinus patula en la sustitución del sustrato turba, por la composta de cáscara de nuez de castilla en una superficie de 1,000 m2, ubicado en Zitlalcuautla Tetela de Ocampo, en el estado de Puebla. Se utilizaron los indicadores de evaluación económica: valor actual neto (van, relación beneficio- costo (B/C, relación beneficio-inversión neta (n/k y tasa interna de retorno (tir para realizar el análisis de rentabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos empleando cáscara de nuez, para un periodo de cinco años, fueron: van = 1,035,383.275, B/C = 1.662, N/K = 4.0 y TIR = 17.60. Con base en estos indicadores, se concluyó que el proyecto resulta viable desde el punto de vista económico y no se ve afectada la calidad de plántulas de Pinus patula. A los siete meses y medio, las plántulas que se desarrollaron en la mezcla testigo (peat moss® 33% + vermiculita 33% + agrolita 33% y el tratamiento 2 (cáscara de nuez 33% + vermiculita 33% + agrolita 33% presentaron valo- res similares en el índice de calidad de Dickson, para el testigo (0,25 g.cm-1, el tratamiento 2 (0,24 g.cm-1, los cuales no presentaron diferencias estadísticas. La rentabilidad del proyecto de inversión es excelente y el aprovechamiento del subproducto de la actividad agrícola del municipio de Tetela de Ocampo, presentan buenas perspectivas de comercialización y reducción de costos de producción en un 12% respecto al peat moss®, contribuyendo al sector productivo forestal de la región.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of DTS-108, a human oligopeptide bound to SN-38 with an esterase-sensitive cross-linker in patients with advanced malignancies: a Phase I study

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Coriat R

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Romain Coriat,1 Sandrine J Faivre,2 Olivier Mir,3 Chantal Dreyer,2 Stanislas Ropert,3 Mohammed Bouattour,2 Robert Desjardins,4 François Goldwasser,3 Eric Raymond5 1Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Unit, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 2Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon Teaching Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Clichy, 3Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; 4Drais Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ, USA; 5Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France Background: DTS-108 is a hydrosoluble prodrug, where the SN-38 moiety is covalently linked to a 20-amino acid vector peptide by a specific esterase-sensitive cross-linker, releasing 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycampthotecin (SN-38 by esterase bond cleavage. Methods: The pharmacokinetics of DTS-108, adverse events graded according to NCI-CTCv3.1, dose-limiting toxicities at cycle 1, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD, and the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D of intravenous DTS-108 (1–2 hours every 2 weeks were evaluated in a first-in-human Phase I study in patients with advanced/metastatic carcinomas, according to an accelerated dose escalation design. SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G levels were evaluated with fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC test, then liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS methods. Results: Forty-two patients received DTS-108 across 14 dosing cohorts (range 3–416 mg/m2. At 416 mg/m2, three out of six patients had grade 4 neutropenia thereby defining the MTD and the RP2D at 313 mg/m2. Fluorescence HPLC was inaccurate to quantify DTS-108 and its metabolites (SN-38 and SN-38G. New processes and analytical LC/MS/MS methods for testing SN-38 were implemented. At a dose of 313 mg/m2, mean DTS-108, SN-38, and SN-38G area under the plasma concentration–time curve to infinity

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract on in vitro models

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Aries MF

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Marie-Françoise Aries,1 Hélène Hernandez-Pigeon,1 Clémence Vaissière,1 Hélène Delga,1 Antony Caruana,1 Marguerite Lévêque,1 Muriel Bourrain,1,2 Katia Ravard Helffer,1 Bertrand Chol,3 Thien Nguyen,1 Sandrine Bessou-Touya,1 Nathalie Castex-Rizzi1 1Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, 2Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/Mer, France; 3Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD is a common skin disease characterized by recurrent pruritic inflammatory skin lesions resulting from structural and immune defects of the skin barrier. Previous studies have shown the clinical efficacy of Avène thermal spring water in AD, and a new microorganism, Aquaphilus dolomiae was suspected to contribute to these unique properties. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and immunomodulatory properties of ES0, an original biological extract of A. dolomiae, in immune and inflammatory cell models in order to assess its potential use in the treatment of AD.Materials and methods: An ES0 extract containing periplasmic and membrane proteins, peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides was obtained from A. dolomiae. The effects of the extract on pruritus and inflammatory mediators and immune mechanisms were evaluated by using various AD cell models and assays.Results: In a keratinocyte model, ES0 inhibited the expression of the inflammatory mediators, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL-18, IL-4R, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α, and macrophage-derived chemokine and induced the expression of involucrin, which is involved in skin barrier keratinocyte terminal differentiation. In addition, ES0 inhibited protease-activated receptor-2 activation in

The Adverse Drug Reactions from Patient Reports in Social Media Project: Five Major Challenges to Overcome to Operationalize Analysis and Efficiently Support Pharmacovigilance Process.

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Bousquet, Cedric; Dahamna, Badisse; Guillemin-Lanne, Sylvie; Darmoni, Stefan J; Faviez, Carole; Huot, Charles; Katsahian, Sandrine; Leroux, Vincent; Pereira, Suzanne; Richard, Christophe; Schück, Stéphane; Souvignet, Julien; Lillo-Le Louët, Agnès; Texier, Nathalie

2017-09-21

, syntactic rules, and post-analysis processing, and (5) proposed a component-based architecture that allows storage of big data and accessibility to third-party applications through Web services. We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a component-based architecture that allows collection of patient posts on the Internet, near real-time processing of those posts including annotation, and storage in big data structures. In the next steps, we will evaluate the posts identified by the system in social media to clarify the interest and relevance of such approach to improve conventional pharmacovigilance processes based on spontaneous reporting. ©Cedric Bousquet, Badisse Dahamna, Sylvie Guillemin-Lanne, Stefan J Darmoni, Carole Faviez, Charles Huot, Sandrine Katsahian, Vincent Leroux, Suzanne Pereira, Christophe Richard, Stéphane Schück, Julien Souvignet, Agnès Lillo-Le Louët, Nathalie Texier. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 21.09.2017.

Book Reviews

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Redactie KITLV

1995-01-01

Full Text Available -Sidney W. Mintz, Paget Henry ,C.L.R. James' Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992. xvi + 287 pp., Paul Buhle (eds -Allison Blakely, Jan M. van der Linde, Over Noach met zijn zonen: De Cham-ideologie en de leugens tegen Cham tot vandaag. Utrecht: Interuniversitair Instituut voor Missiologie en Oecumenica, 1993. 160 pp. -Helen I. Safa, Edna Acosta-Belén ,Researching women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Boulder CO: Westview, 1993. x + 201 pp., Christine E. Bose (eds -Helen I. Safa, Janet H. Momsen, Women & change in the Caribbean: A Pan-Caribbean Perspective. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Kingston: Ian Randle, 1993. x + 308 pp. -Paget Henry, Janet Higbie, Eugenia: The Caribbean's Iron Lady. London: Macmillan, 1993. 298 pp. -Kathleen E. McLuskie, Moira Ferguson, Subject to others: British women writers and Colonial Slavery 1670-1834. New York: Routledge, 1992. xii + 465 pp. -Samuel Martínez, Senaida Jansen ,Género, trabajo y etnia en los bateyes dominicanos. Santo Domingo: Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Programa de Estudios se la Mujer, 1991. 195 pp., Cecilia Millán (eds -Michiel Baud, Roberto Cassá, Movimiento obrero y lucha socialista en la República Dominicana (desde los orígenes hasta 1960. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1990. 620 pp. -Paul Farmer, Robert Lawless, Haiti's Bad Press. Rochester VT: Schenkman Press, 1992. xxvii + 261 pp. -Bill Maurer, Karen Fog Olwig, Global culture, Island identity: Continuity and change in the Afro-Caribbean Community of Nevis. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1993. xi + 239 pp. -Viranjini Munasinghe, Kevin A. Yelvington, Trinidad Ethnicity. Knoxville: University of Tennesee Press, 1993. vii + 296 pp. -Kevin K. Birth, Christine Ho, Salt-water Trinnies: Afro-Trinidadian Immigrant Networks and Non-Assimilation in Los Angeles. New York: AMS Press, 1991. xvi + 237 pp. -Steven Gregory, Andrés Isidoro Pérez y Mena, Speaking with the dead

Monte Carlo Simulation of a Ambient Dose Equivalent Standard Ionization Chamber for Gamma Reference Radiation%γ射线参考辐射周围剂量当量标准电离室的蒙特卡罗模拟

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

宋明哲; 魏可新; 高飞; 侯金兵; 王红玉; 倪宁

2014-01-01

Gamma reference radiation produced by isotope sources 137 Cs and 60 Co is very nec-essary for calibration of radiation dosimeter .For the calibration of area monitoring dosime-ter ,reference radiation must provide the conventionally true value of the ambient dose e-quivalent H* (10) .According to the recommendation given in the international standard ISO 4037-4 ,the conventionally true value of H* (10)could be obtained by two methods , one is spectrum method ,the other is H* (10) standard ionization chamber methed .In order to establish a standard chamber w hich could meet the requirements of ISO 4037-4 ,a design for H* (10) standard chamber was established by MCNP4C Monte Carlo simulation pro-gram .The results showed that the energy response of the ionization chamber satisfied the requirement of international standard ISO 4037-4 from 15 keV to 1 500 keV ,the conclusion of this study was good to the establishment of H* (10) secondary standard ionization cham-ber .%由放射源137Cs和60Co产生的γ射线参考辐射在辐射监测仪表的校准中起着重要作用。对于场所辐射监测仪表的校准，参考辐射需提供周围剂量当量H*（10）的约定真值。本研究采用H*（10）标准电离室法测定周围剂量当量H*（10）的约定真值，利用MCNP4C蒙特卡罗模拟程序，提出了基于双金属补偿法的电离室结构设计方案。结果表明，在15～1500keV能量范围内，该电离室能量响应满足国际标准ISO4037-4的要求，该研究结果对H*（10）标准电离室的建立具有重要的指导作用。

The genus Boschniakia in China: An ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review.

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Zhang, Le; Zhao, Yunshan; Wang, Zhipeng A; Wei, Kunhua; Qiu, Bin; Zhang, Chunhong; Wang-Müller, QiYan; Li, Minhui

2016-12-24

As a group of important medicine plants, Boschniakia rossica (Cham. et Schltdl) Fedtsch. and B. himalaica Hook．f．et Thoms, which are the only two species in the genus Boschniakia (Orobanchaceae), have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for their multiple therapeutic uses related to enhanced renal function, erectile dysfunction, defaecate and hepatoprotective. Additionally, the two species are also used as dietary supplements in wine, cosmetics, and other healthy food. By providing comprehensive information and data of genus Boschniakia on botany, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological research and toxicology, this review aims to summary the group of natural compounds from Boschniakia discovered so far. The other aims are to reference research findings of their biological activities and functions in medicine, physiology, and cell biology to highlight the compound candidates which can be used for further drug discovery in several pharmaceutical areas including antioxidation, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-senile, and immunology. All of the available information on B. rossica and B. himalaica was collected from the electronic resources (such as PubMed, SciFinder Scholar, CNKI, TPL (www.theplantlist.org), Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and Web of Science). After a comprehensive analysis of the literatures from available online sources, the results show that both species of genus Boschniakia are valuable and popular herbal medicines with potentials to cure various ailments. The phytochemical studies revealed that the chemical compositions of this genus were mainly iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides. To date, 112 compounds have been isolated from the genus, while their crude extracts and purified compounds have been found to possess a wide range of biological activities including anti-senile, antitumor and anticancer, anti-inflammatory, protecting liver, boost memory, anti-oxidation, anti-lipid peroxidative, and

CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD Y SUSTANCIAS INORGÁNICAS EN SUBPRODUCTOS MADERABLES DE PINO PARA SU USO EN PÉLETS Y BRIQUETAS

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Fermín Correa-Méndez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La industria forestal de la cabecera municipal Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro y de la Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, México, generan 1,232 m3·año-1 de aserrín y viruta de pino que son subutilizados. El aserrín y la viruta de Pinus leiophylla Sch. Et Cham., P. montezumae Lamb. y P. pseudostrobus Lindl se analizaron fisicoquímicamente para determinar si reunían los requisitos para la elaboración de pélets y briquetas. El contenido de humedad, ceniza y elementos inorgánicos de los subproductos se determinaron según estándares internacionales. El contenido de humedad en aserrín fue 51.5 ± 1.9 % y 53.7 ± 0.1 % en viruta; estos valores superaron el máximo permisible. El contenido de cenizas en el aserrín y en la viruta fue 0.26 ± 0.03 % y 0.34 ± 0.03 %, respectivamente. En las tres especies evaluadas, el porcentaje medio de Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Si, Fe, Al y Na en el aserrín fue 47.1 ± 2.8, 26.0 ± 2.5, 13.5 ± 0.4, 5.0 ± 0.4, 3.2 ± 0.4, 2.3 ± 0.8, 1.0 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0.4 y 1.4 ± 0.3, respectivamente, mientras que el porcentaje medio de Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Si, Fe, Al y Na en la viruta fue 43.2 ± 7.0, 16.5 ± 3.0, 10.1 ± 4.8, 4.0 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.3, 1.0 ± 0.6, 1.1 ± 0.1, y 1.0 ± 0.6, respectivamente. El arsénico sólo se encontró en la viruta (17.1 ± 17.1 %. De acuerdo con los resultados, el aserrín es el subproducto más adecuado para la producción de pélets y briquetas.

Composição química e atividade in vitro de três óleos essenciais sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides do maracujazeiro

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C.F. Aquino

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a ação de diferentes concentrações de óleos essenciais de três plantas medicinais sobre o crescimento micelial, a produção e a germinação de conídios de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.. Utilizou-se os óleos essenciais de Lippia sidoides Cham., Cymbopogon citratus (DC Stapf. e Ocimum gratissimum L. em cinco concentrações (0 µL mL-1, 1 µL mL-1, 3 µL mL-1, 5 µL mL-1 e 7 µL mL-1 com 4 repetições no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3. Os óleos foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada com espectrometria de massas. Para todas as características verificou-se efeito significativo da interação "Óleo" versus "Concentração". O óleo essencial de C. citratus proporcionou a maior inibição do crescimento micelial em todas as concentrações testadas. Os outros óleos não se diferenciaram, exceto a partir da concentração de 5 µL mL-1, onde o óleo de L. sidoides foi superior ao óleo de O. gratissimum. Na produção e germinação de conídios, o óleo de C. citratus, foi superior aos óleos de L. sidoides e de O. gratissimum nas concentrações de 1 µL mL-1 e 3 µL mL-1, inibindo completamente a produção e germinação a partir da concentração de 3 µL mL-1. As concentrações influenciam em todas as variáveis, ajustando-se à equação do modelo linear. Observa-se o decréscimo nessas, à medida em que se aumentam as concentrações dos óleos testados. Os óleos essenciais testados possuem efeito fungitóxico e fungistático.

Dengue incidence in urban and rural Cambodia: results from population-based active fever surveillance, 2006-2008.

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Sirenda Vong

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Dengue vaccines are now in late-stage development, and evaluation and robust estimates of dengue disease burden are needed to facilitate further development and introduction. In Cambodia, the national dengue case-definition only allows reporting of children less than 16 years of age, and little is known about dengue burden in rural areas and among older persons. To estimate the true burden of dengue in the largest province of Cambodia, Kampong Cham, we conducted community-based active dengue fever surveillance among the 0-to-19-year age group in rural villages and urban areas during 2006-2008. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Active surveillance for febrile illness was conducted in 32 villages and 10 urban areas by mothers trained to use digital thermometers combined with weekly home visits to identify persons with fever. An investigation team visited families with febrile persons to obtain informed consent for participation in the follow-up study, which included collection of personal data and blood specimens. Dengue-related febrile illness was defined using molecular and serological testing of paired acute and convalescent blood samples. Over the three years of surveillance, 6,121 fever episodes were identified with 736 laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV infections for incidences of 13.4-57.8/1,000 person-seasons. Average incidence was highest among children less than 7 years of age (41.1/1,000 person-seasons and lowest among the 16-to-19-year age group (11.3/1,000 person-seasons. The distribution of dengue was highly focal, with incidence rates in villages and urban areas ranging from 1.5-211.5/1,000 person-seasons (median 36.5. During a DENV-3 outbreak in 2007, rural areas were affected more than urban areas (incidence 71 vs. 17/1,000 person-seasons, p<0.001. CONCLUSION: The large-scale active surveillance study for dengue fever in Cambodia found a higher disease incidence than reported to the national surveillance system, particularly

Prevalence of and factors associated with utilization of herbal medicines among outpatients in primary health centers in Cambodia.

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Pearson, Hattie; Fleming, Tyler; Chhoun, Pheak; Tuot, Sovannary; Brody, Carinne; Yi, Siyan

2018-04-02

Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) is seen as a way to provide healthcare in both developed and developing countries across the world. In Cambodia, there is a long tradition of using TCAM. However, scant studies have been conducted on the extent of Cambodian TCAM use and how it interacts with allopathic health care to date. In this study, we examined the prevalence of and factors associated with utilization of herbal medicines among patients with chronic diseases in primary health care settings in Cambodia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 with outpatients receiving treatment and care for chronic diseases in two urban and two rural primary health centers purposively selected from Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham and Siem Reap. Every eligible patient was randomly selected at the health centers using a systematic sampling procedure. I-CAM-Q was used to measure TCAM use. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with herbal medicine use. In total, 1602 patients were included in this study, of whom 77.7% were female, and 51.2% were recruited from urban primary health centers with a mean age of 46.5 years (SD = 15.2). Of total, 27.0% reported at least one consultation with a TCAM provider in the past 12 months. The most common modality of TCAM used was herbal medicine (89%). Herbs were obtained at drug or folk stores (36.9%), from herbalists directly (28.5%) or from their own gardens (18.6%). Of herb users, 55.2% reported that herbs were somewhat helpful. After adjustment, herb users were significantly more likely to be female (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12-2.67), have completed less schooling (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45-0.96), were unemployed or homemakers (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.13-0.52) and have a gastrointestinal illness (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.39-0.62). Herbal medicines are broadly used among chronic disease patients in Cambodia. Understanding TCAM use in

Influência do ácido indolbutírico no enraizamento de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides em leito com umidade controlada Influence of indolebutyric acid on "alecrim-pimenta" (Lippia sidoides rooting bed under controlled humidity

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L.S. Figueiredo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A espécie Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae é conhecida no Brasil como alecrim-pimenta, um arbusto típico da vegetação do nordeste brasileiro. Este trabalho foi realizado no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, em Montes Claros, Brasil, com a finalidade de estudar a propagação vegetativa do alecrim-pimenta em leito de enraizamento com umidade controlada. Estacas da planta foram submetidas às seguintes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (IBA: 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg L-1 durante 24 horas. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC com cinco repetições, sendo dez estacas por repetição. Após 45 dias de implantação foram avaliados o número de raízes, o número de brotações, o comprimento da maior raiz, o índice de enraizamento e a porcentagem de enraizamento. Observou-se que as variáveis comprimento de raiz, número de raízes e índice de enraizamento apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as diversas concentrações de IBA. No entanto, a porcentagem de enraizamento não foi afetada significativamente, provavelmente pelo controle da umidade relativa e pela manutenção das folhas das estacas.The species Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae is known in Brazil as "alecrim-pimenta", a typical shrub from the Northeastern Brazil vegetation. This work was carried out in the Agronomical Sciences Institute from Minas Gerais State University (UFMG, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in order to study the vegetative propagation of this species in rooting bed under controlled humidity. Herbaceous cuttings were treated with the following concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA: 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L-1 for 24 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD with five replicates of 10 cuttings each. After 45 days, root and sprout numbers, the highest root length, and rooting index and percentage were evaluated. Root length and number and rooting index had

Lesão meniscal por fadiga Meniscal injury due to fatigue

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Gilberto Luis Camanho

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O intuito do presente estudo é de analisar um grupo de pacientes portadores de lesão meniscal decorrente da falência estrutural sem relação com trauma ou problemas degenerativos, optando por chamá-la de lesão meniscal por fadiga. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 140 pacientes com lesão meniscal sem causa aparente e, portanto, considerados portadores da lesão meniscal por fadiga. Dentre eles, 85 pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 55 do sexo feminino. O menisco medial foi o mais acometido (92% dos casos. RESULTADOS: Todas as lesões foram diagnosticadas através de exame clínico e ressonância magnética. Os pacientes foram submetidos a meniscectomia por via artroscópica e os resultados foram divididos em dois tipos: bons e maus. Foram encontrados 27% de maus resultados dos quais nove pacientes evoluíram para osteonecrose idiopática. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que as lesões por fadiga devem ser analisadas como lesões provocadas por falência, portanto uma patologia sindrômica que pode evoluir para uma osteonecrose idiopática..OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to review a group of patients with meniscal injuries resulting from structural failure unrelated to trauma or degenerative problems to which was given the name "meniscal injury due to fatigue". MATERIAL AND METHOD: Evaluations were made on 140 patients with meniscal injuries without any apparent cause, who were therefore considered to have meniscal injuries due to fatigue. Among these, 85 patients were male and 55 were female. The medial meniscus was the most affected site (92% of the cases. RESULTS: All these injuries were diagnosed by means of clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging. The patients underwent meniscectomy by means of arthroscopy and the results were divided into two types: good and poor. Poor results were found in 27% of the cases, among which nine patients progressed to idiopathic osteonecrosis. CONCLUSION: We conclude that

Little evidence of subclinical avian influenza virus infections among rural villagers in Cambodia.

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Gregory C Gray

Full Text Available In 2008, 800 adults living within rural Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of zoonotic influenza transmission. After enrollment, participants were contacted weekly for 24 months to identify acute influenza-like illnesses (ILI. Follow-up sera were collected at 12 and 24 months. A transmission substudy was also conducted among the family contacts of cohort members reporting ILI who were influenza A positive. Samples were assessed using serological or molecular techniques looking for evidence of infection with human and avian influenza viruses. Over 24 months, 438 ILI investigations among 284 cohort members were conducted. One cohort member was hospitalized with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI virus infection and withdrew from the study. Ninety-seven ILI cases (22.1% were identified as influenza A virus infections by real-time RT-PCR; none yielded evidence for AIV. During the 2 years of follow-up, 21 participants (3.0% had detectable antibody titers (≥ 1:10 against the studied AIVs: 1 against an avian-like A/Migratory duck/Hong Kong/MPS180/2003(H4N6, 3 against an avian-like A/Teal/Hong Kong/w312/97(H6N1, 9 (3 of which had detectible antibody titers at both 12- and 24-month follow-up against an avian-like A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2, 6 (1 detected at both 12- and 24-month follow-up against an avian-like A/Duck/Memphis/546/74(H11N9, and 2 against an avian-like A/Duck/Alberta/60/76(H12N5. With the exception of the one hospitalized cohort member with H5N1 infection, no other symptomatic avian influenza infections were detected among the cohort. Serological evidence for subclinical infections was sparse with only one subject showing a 4-fold rise in microneutralization titer over time against AvH12N5. In summary, despite conducting this closely monitored cohort study in a region enzootic for H5N1 HPAI, we were unable to detect subclinical avian influenza infections, suggesting either that these

Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sputum using Selective Enrichment Broth and Ashdown’s Medium at Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Cambodia [v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/4w7

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Somary Nhem

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Melioidosis infection, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is increasingly reported in Cambodia. We hypothesized that implementation of an enhanced sputum testing protocol in a provincial hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratory would increase detection of B. pseudomallei. We tested 241 sputum specimens that were deemed acceptable for culture, comparing culture in selective enrichment broth followed by sub-culture on Ashdown’s medium to standard culture methods. Two specimens (0.8% were positive for B. pseudomallei using the enhanced protocol whereas one specimen (0.4% was positive using standard methods. These findings demonstrate that B. pseudomallei is rarely detected in sputum at this hospital. The low frequency of B. pseudomallei in sputum specimens precludes drawing any conclusions about the relative benefits of an enhanced sputum testing protocol at this site. Promoting clinician awareness of the infection and encouraging utilization of diagnostic microbiology services are likely to be important factors in facilitating identification of melioidosis.

Secondary glaucoma in CAPN5-associated neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy

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Cham A

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Abdourahman Cham,1,2 Mayank Bansal,3 Himanshu K Banda,4 Young Kwon,1 Paul S Tlucek,1 Alexander G Bassuk,5 Stephen H Tsang,6,7 Warren M Sobol,8 James C Folk,1 Steven Yeh,4 Vinit B Mahajan1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 2Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 3Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 6Barbara and Donald Jonas Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 7Edward S Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 8Retina Physicians & Surgeons, Inc., Dayton, OH, USA Objective: The objective of this study was to review the treatment outcomes of patients with secondary glaucoma in cases of autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV, a hereditary autoimmune uveitis due to mutations in CAPN5. Patients and methods: A retrospective, observational case series was assembled from ADNIV patients with secondary glaucoma. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP, visual acuity, use of antiglaucoma medications, ocular surgeries, and adverse outcomes. Perimetry and optic disk optical coherence tomography (OCT were also analyzed. Results: Nine eyes of five ADNIV patients with secondary glaucoma were reviewed. Each received a fluocinolone acetonide (FA implant for the management of posterior uveitis. Following implantation, no eyes developed neovascular glaucoma. Five eyes (in patients 1, 2, and 5 required Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery for the management of steroid-responsive glaucoma. Patient 2 also developed angle closure with iris bombe and underwent laser

PREFACE: Preface

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Audoin, Bertrand; Dehoux, Thomas; Guillet, Yannick

2011-02-01

and the gala dinner took place in a wine chateau in the medieval village. We hope this experience will remain in the attendees' memories as a pleasant and convivial time. We would like to express our thanks to the members of the organizing committee, the scientific committee, and all our generous sponsors, either institutions or companies, for their help in making this event possible. We would also like to thank the scientists involved for their confidence in our organization, and for their contributions. As unanimously decided by the attendees, the next symposium will be held in Japan, most likely in 2012. The papers published in this volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series provide a collection of state-of-the-art and recent advances in research and applications of laser ultrasonics as presented at this second Symposium. Bertrand Audoin - Conference ChairThomas Dehoux - Conference proceedings co-editorYannick Guillet - Conference proceedings co-editor Conference photograph Scientific committee Bertrand AudoinUniversité Bordeaux 1, France Alain BlouinNRC, Canada Christ GlorieuxKatholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Vitalyi GusevUniversité du Maine, France Peter HessUniversity of Heidelberg, Germany Alexander A KarabutovMoscow State University, Russia Sridhar KrishnaswamyNorthwestern University, USA Humphrey MarisBrown University, USA Jean-Pierre MonchalinNRC, Canada Todd MurrayBoston University, USA Makoto OchiaiToshiba Corp, Japan Menglu QianTongji University, China Daniel RoyerEcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie, France Hervé TrétoutDassault Aviation, France Hubert VoillaumeEADS, France Oliver B WrightHokkaido University, Japan Shu-yi ZhangNanjing University, China Organizing committee Bertrand AudoinChair Sandrine GuitLocal administrator Christophe Aristégui Thomas Dehoux Evelyne Dewayse Yannick Guillet Armelle Guilloux

PREFACE: Wake Conference 2015

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Barney, Andrew; Nørkær Sørensen, Jens; Ivanell, Stefan

2015-06-01

at scientists and PhD students working in the field of wake dynamics. The conference covers the following subject areas: Wake and vortex dynamics, instabilities in trailing vortices and wakes, simulation and measurements of wakes, analytical approaches for modeling wakes, wake interaction and other wind farm investigations. Many people have been involved in producing the 2015 Wake Conference proceedings. The work by the more than 60 reviewers ensuring the quality of the papers is greatly appreciated. The timely evaluation and coordination of the reviews would not have been possible without the work of the section editors: Christian Masson, ÉTS, Fernando Porté-Agel, EPFL, Gerard Schepers, ECN Wind Energy, Gijs Van Kuik, Delft University, Gunner Larsen, DTU Wind Energy, Jakob Mann, DTU Wind Energy, Javier Sanz Rodrigo, CENER, Johan Meyers, KU Leuven, Rebecca Barthelmie, Cornell University, Sandrine Aubrun-Sanches, Université d'Orléans and Thomas Leweke, IRPHE-CNRS. We are also immensely indebted to the very responsive support from the editorial team at IOP Publishing, especially Sarah Toms, during the review process of these proceedings. Visby, Sweden, June 2015 Andrew Barney, Jens Nørkær Sørensen and Stefan Ivanell Uppsala University - Campus Gotland

Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico bruto e frações orgânicas obtidas a partir da casca do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis Cham, & Scthdl, (Rubiaceae

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Ana Flávia Schvabe Duarte

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano do extrato bruto e frações obtidas das cascas do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis, Os ensaios antioxidantes indicaram alto potencial antioxidante, No ensaio de redução de fosfomolibdênio, a fração acetato de etila apresentou atividade antioxidante de 41,67% em relação ao padrão de ácido ascórbico e superou em 35,21% a atividade do padrão rutina, No ensaio de redução do DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, a fração acetato de etila apresentou um IC50 de 10,91 µg mL-1, valor próximo ao do ácido ascórbico (IC50 = 4,78 µg mL-1 e da rutina (IC50 = 6,62 µg mL-1, Pelo ensaio de TBA (acido tiobabitúrico o extrato bruto (IA = 71,48% e a fração hexano (IA = 47,85% apresentaram índices superiores ao controle de BHT (butil hidroxi tolueno (IA = 42,66, Através do ensaio de microdiluição em placas, foi observado que o extrato bruto e frações apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana, O estudo fitoquímico qualitativo revelou a presença de alcaloides, cumarinas, esteroides e/ou triterpenos, heterosídeos saponínicos, taninos e aminogrupos.

Effect of giberellic acid (GA4/7) and girdling on induction of reproductive structures in Pinus patula

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Vargas-Hernandez, J.J.; Vargas-Abonce, J.I.

2016-07-01

Aim of the study. Seed production in forest tree species commonly takes a long time due to the length of the juvenile stage. Even though several treatments have been used to induce early flowering in conifer species, experience on their use in subtropical Pinus species is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GA4/7 dose (0, 1.27 and 2.54 mg cm-2) and application time (July-October), alone or in combination with partial stem girdling, on male and female strobili production in young Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. clones. Area of study: Nine clones with different flowering background of high-elevation Pinus patula growing in a six-year old seed orchard established in Central México (Aquixtla, Puebla) at 2,800 m elevation. Material and methods: Two independent flowering trials (FT1 and FT2) were carried out in the seed orchard during the 2009 and 2010 flowering cycles; similar factors were evaluated at both trials but time of application, clones tested, and experimental design used varied for each of them. Partial stem girdling was done at the base of the trunk and the GA4/7 solution was injected into the xylem above the point of girdling. The following spring, the percentage of trees with strobili and the number of strobili per tree were determined for both male and female structures. Main results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among clones in flowering capacity were found at both trials. None of the treatments applied in FT1 resulted in an increase of strobili formation, most probably because they were applied too late in the growing season. In FT2, however, application of GA4/7 combined with partial stem girdling increased the percentage of trees with strobili and the number of strobili of both sexes, particularly when applied in early July. Partial stem girdling was more effective on promoting male strobili than female ones in gibberellin-treated grafts. Research highlights: Timing of GA4/7 application and stem girdling was

Big climate data analysis

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Mudelsee, Manfred

2015-04-01

The Big Data era has begun also in the climate sciences, not only in economics or molecular biology. We measure climate at increasing spatial resolution by means of satellites and look farther back in time at increasing temporal resolution by means of natural archives and proxy data. We use powerful supercomputers to run climate models. The model output of the calculations made for the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report amounts to ~650 TB. The 'scientific evolution' of grid computing has started, and the 'scientific revolution' of quantum computing is being prepared. This will increase computing power, and data amount, by several orders of magnitude in the future. However, more data does not automatically mean more knowledge. We need statisticians, who are at the core of transforming data into knowledge. Statisticians notably also explore the limits of our knowledge (uncertainties, that is, confidence intervals and P-values). Mudelsee (2014 Climate Time Series Analysis: Classical Statistical and Bootstrap Methods. Second edition. Springer, Cham, xxxii + 454 pp.) coined the term 'optimal estimation'. Consider the hyperspace of climate estimation. It has many, but not infinite, dimensions. It consists of the three subspaces Monte Carlo design, method and measure. The Monte Carlo design describes the data generating process. The method subspace describes the estimation and confidence interval construction. The measure subspace describes how to detect the optimal estimation method for the Monte Carlo experiment. The envisaged large increase in computing power may bring the following idea of optimal climate estimation into existence. Given a data sample, some prior information (e.g. measurement standard errors) and a set of questions (parameters to be estimated), the first task is simple: perform an initial estimation on basis of existing knowledge and experience with such types of estimation problems. The second task requires the computing power: explore the hyperspace to

Um xamã yanomami frente ao discurso filosófico-sociológico da modernidade

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Leno Francisco Danner

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En este texto, que busca tejer un diálogo entre la literatura y la filosofía-sociología, desarrollaremos un doble argumento, basado en una discusión entre la obra La caída del cielo: palabras de un chamán yanomami, de David Kopenawa y Bruce Albert, y la teoría filosófico-sociológica de la modernidad de Jürgen Habermas: i el sello distintivo de la literatura indígena, en su género autobiográfico, consiste en la correlación fundamental entre historia personal y destino colectivo (en el nivel socio-cultural y ecológico-espiritual, dinamizada por y basada en el mito, de manera que tal correlación entre la identidad personal y el destino colectivo se ofrece como una clave de lectura epistemológica, estética, política, antropológica y ontológica para acceder al texto-praxis indígena; ii ello permite deconstruir la visión idílica que la Europa moderna tiene sobre sí misma y su comprensión caricaturesca de las culturas, las epistemologías y los hombres primitivos (no modernos, pre-modernos - porque después de la modernidad no se tendría más nada, ya ella es el vértice de la evolución humana, en términos epistemológicos y ontológicos, en la que, en primer lugar, la modernidad sería racional, generando la individulización, la crítica, la emancipación y el universalismo, debido a la separación entre historia personal y destino colectivo, y en segundo lugar, la cultura tradicional no generaría racionalización ni crítica, ni emancipación ni universalismo, al ser marcada por la imbricación entre la historia personal y el destino colectivo mediado por el mito. Por lo tanto, sostenemos que el chamanismo, mucho más que la modernización, puede ser entendido de manera efectiva como la voz de las víctimas, como la voz de las diferencias, posibilitando la perspectiva crítica y emancipadora universal, exactamente por tornar vivos, interligados y normativos todos los aspectos de nuestra existencia a partir de la

Twenty-first century cultural and religious diversification of modernity: the example of the shamanic indigenisation of Roman Catholicism among Native American peoples in the Northwest of the United States

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Frédéric Dorel

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La modernité, tout comme l’anxiété croissante qu’elle génère, semble avoir encouragé et parfois provoqué une atomisation des phénomènes religieux loin du contrôle de la rationalité et des grandes religions classiques. Un exemple nous est donné par l’indigénisation chamanique des pratiques missionnaires de l’Eglise catholique parmi les Amérindiens du Nord-Ouest des Etats-Unis. Eléments indigènes locaux et éléments urbains indigénisés y sont associés dans la persistance et une invention culturelles et spirituelles caractérisées par l’innovation permanente. L’efficacité symbolique du chamanisme, intégrant plus que jamais les divers éléments de la modernité n’est pas à considérer comme une survivance pittoresque mais plutôt comme un outil d’avenir.Modernity and the growing global anxiety it has generated have fostered numbers of ancient and new worships liberated from the control of both rationality and the mainstream religions. An example is the growing shamanic indigenization of missionary Roman Catholicism by Native American communities in the Northwest of the United States. Indigenous and indigenised exogenous urban elements are locally associated in producing spiritual and cultural invention and persistence of tradition through change and innovation. The symbolic efficiency of shamanism integrating more than ever the different elements in modernity, should not be seen as a relic of the past, but as a powerful healing tool for the future.La modernidad y la ansiedad creciente que ésta genera, parecen haber animado y a veces provocado una atomización de los fenómenos religiosos lejos del control de la racionalidad y de las grandes religiones clásicas. Un ejemplo nos es dado por la « indigenización » chamánica de las prácticas misioneras de la Iglesia católica entre los Amerindios del Noroeste de los Estados Unidos. Elementos indígenas locales y elementos urbanos « indigenizados » son

La Medicina en la época Precolombina.

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Jaime Herrera Pontón

2003-03-01

Full Text Available

LOS PSICOESTIMULANTES Y LOS VENENOS DE FLECHAS: PRECURSORES DE LA ANESTESIA.

Al escribir la Historia de la Anestesia en Colombia me preguntaba: cuándo comienza su Historia? Acaso con las primeras anestesias con éter o cloroformo, allá por la mitad del siglo XIX?
o, quizá, con la fundación de la Sociedad o con la reación de las primeras escuelas de enseñanza? O, si nos vamos más atrás, en los comienzos de los tiempos cuando los chamanes y brujos de nuestros
antepasados ind ígenas descubrieron el poder anestésico y estimulante de la coca; o los poderes mágicos del yagé o el yapa, o el tabaco; o el efecto mágico del curare que paraliza la caza pero no la envenena?

Siempre he creído que estos últimos marcan el inicio de nuestra historia, no solo porque de ahí salieron drogas tan importantes para el desarrollo de la anestesia como la cocaína o el curare, sino porque
marcaron un principio de acción en el manejo de muy diversas situaciones que nos llegan muy de cerca, pues con muchas de esas drogas mágicas y maravillosas se manipulaba la mente, en el buen sentido de la palabra, se controlaban las sensaciones vulgares como el hambre, la fatiga y se dosificaba la dosis conveniente para cada cual, ya que no era la misma para el chamán, el depositario de la verdad y de la sabiduría y, por lo tanto, responsable de la felicidad y del bienestar de su pueblo, que hoy llamaríamos "clientela", y en esto estaba involucrada la salud, con el control del dolor, de la depresión, de la angustia. Todos los pueblos del mundo, y los nuestros no podían ser la excepción, tuvieron, usaron y usan esas drogas mágicas que hoy denominan alucinógenos o psicoestimulantes, con verdadera maestría en su administración y dosificación por siglos y siglos sin problemas de adición o de toxicidad, hasta que llegó nuestra omnipotente "Sociedad de Consumo" que las comercializó, las envileció, enviciando y convirtiendo en

Nomes Sanumá entre gritos e sussuros Sanumá names between cries and whispers

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Alcida Rita Ramos

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Como os demais indígenas Yanomami, os Sanumá (o subgrupo mais setentrional dessa família lingüística amazônica praticam com afinco o sigilo dos nomes próprios. No entanto, ao contrário dos outros, eles praticam também a suspensão do sigilo quando se trata de “fazer coisas com nomes”, para parafrasear J. L. Austin. Transformados em ferramentas sociais, os nomes sanumá são capazes de marcar o público com recursos do privado. Assim, alguns poucos nomes masculinos são retirados de seu sigilo doméstico para anunciar o surgimento de grupos patrilineares com os quais os Sanumá organizam sua vida política e matrimonial. Com o advento do conquistador, nomes estrangeiros começaram a entrar no léxico social dos Sanumá, aliviando, assim, a pressão sobre a quebra de sigilo onomástico. Primeiro missionários protestantes, com seus Davis e suas Saras, depois garimpeiros e outros aventureiros da mata, com seus regionalismos e alcunhas idiossincráticas - Ceará, Paraíba, Passarão, etc. - têm contribuído substancialmente para que os nomes sanumá fiquem cada vez mais preservados do ouvido público. Pareceria, então, não ser mais necessário sussurrar nomes para identificar as pessoas, podendo-se agora chamá-las aos gritos. No entanto, as coisas não se passam bem assim. De que modo a etiqueta dos nomes tem reagido a essas mudanças é o que tentarei esquadrinhar aqui.Like the other Yanomami Indians, the Sanumá (the northermost subgroup of this Amazon language family preserve their personal names in secrecy. But, unlike most Yanomami, they suspend this secrecy when it is necessary to “do things with names”, to paraphrase J. L. Austin. Personal names, transformed into social tools, are capable of marking the public sphere with devices coming from the private realm. In this way, a few male names lose their secrecy so as to herald the emergence of new patrilineal groups with which the Sanumá organize their marriage and

Una Historia de la Medicina Mágico Religiosa y del Curanderismo en Colombia. VI Exposición Temporal

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Ricardo Rueda González

2003-10-01

Full Text Available

La Comisión Permanente de Museo escogió el tema “Una Historia de la Medicina Mágico Religiosa y del Curanderismo en Colombia”, como la Sexta Exposición Temporal del Museo de Historia de la Medicina de la Academia Nacional de Medicina por las siguientes razones:

1 Porque el chamanismo fue durante miles de años nuestro único sistema médico.
2 Porque en nuestra historia reciente han coexistido con la medicina moderna, el chamanismo, las prácticas mágicas vinculadas al cristianismo católico y el curanderismo.
3 Porque el viejo chamanismo indígena busca cada vez más un espacio propio en la grandes ciudades colombianas.
4 Porque la asistencia a cultos y misas de sanación y a la ceremonias de limpieza y curación chamánica son un práctica cada vez más frecuentes en la actualidad.
5 Porque dentro de nuestra Constitución de 1991 el Estado reconoce y protege la diversidad étnica y cultural de la nación colombiana.
6 Porque entendemos que el fenómeno de la mundialización no sólo se da hacia el exterior sino también hacia el interior de cada uno de los pueblos del mundo actual.
7 Porque la globalización cada vez demuestra más que las medicinas no “occidentales”, las que no participan del paradigma biomédico, son de gran aceptación.
8 Porque hoy las neurociencias explican mejor la unidad material “cuerpo alma”.
9 Porque sabemos que la medicina al tener como objeto de su acción a las personas y no sólo a sus moléculas, células, órganos, aparatos y sistemas, ella logra mejor sus objetivos de consuelo, alivio y curación, si tiene en cuenta los valores y creencias de las personas al tiempo que utiliza los mejores recursos científico-tecnológicos del momento.

Los paradigmas son representaciones de una visión social determinada.

El paradigma médico de las sociedades tribales prehispánicas colombianas estuvo basado en el

First retrievals of methane isotopologues from FTIR ground-based observations

Science.gov (United States)

Bader, Whitney; Strong, Kimberly; Walker, Kaley; Buzan, Eric

2017-04-01

Whitney Bader has received funding from the European Union's Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement n˚ 704951, and from the University of Toronto through a Faculty of Arts & Science Postdoctoral Fellowship Award. References Bader, W., Bovy, B., Conway, S., Strong, K., Smale, D., Turner, A. J., Blumenstock, T., Boone, C., Coulon, A., Garcia, O., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Hausmann, P., Jones, N., Krummel, P., Murata, I., Morino, I., Nakajima, H., O'Doherty, S., Paton-Walsh, C., Robinson, J., Sandrin, R., Schneider, M., Servais, C., Sussmann, R. and Mahieu, E.: Ten years of atmospheric methane from ground-based NDACC FTIR observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 1-31, doi:10.5194/acp-2016-699, 2016. Buzan, E. M., Beale, C. A., Boone, C. D. and Bernath, P. F.: Global stratospheric measurements of the isotopologues of methane from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9(3), 1095-1111, doi:10.5194/amt-9-1095-2016, 2016. Marsh, D. R., Mills, M. J., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J.-F., Calvo, N. and Polvani, L. M.: Climate Change from 1850 to 2005 Simulated in CESM1(WACCM), J. Clim., 26(19), 7372-7391, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00558.1, 2013. Rothman, L. S., Gordon, I. E., Babikov, Y., Barbe, A., Chris Benner, D., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Bizzocchi, L., Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Campargue, A., Chance, K., Cohen, E. A., Coudert, L. H., Devi, V. M., Drouin, B. J., Fayt, A., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache, R. R., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J.-M., Hill, C., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Jolly, A., Lamouroux, J., Le Roy, R. J., Li, G., Long, D. A., Lyulin, O. M., Mackie, C. J., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S., Müller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V., Perrin, A., Polovtseva, E. R., Richard, C., Smith, M. A. H., Starikova, E., Sung, K., Tashkun, S., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tyuterev, V. G. and Wagner, G.: The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic

Estudo anátomo-morfológico de dicotiledôneas das dunas de Salvador - Bahia: Borreria cymosa Cham. et Schl. e Chiococca brachiata R. et P. (Rubiaceae Morpho-anatomic studies of dicotiledons from Salvador - Bahia dunes: Borreria cymosa Chamo et Schl. and Chiococca brachiata R. et P. (Rubiaceae

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Elzeni Diladelfo de Gusmão

1992-07-01

Full Text Available Prosseguindo as pesquisas sobre a vegetação das Dunas do Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia, apresentam-se as Rubiaceae: Borreria cymosa e Chiococca brachiata. Cortes histológicos à mão livre, com lâminas de barbear, seguindo-se as técnicas de rotina. Estudaram-se as epidermes, mesofilo, nervura central, bordo e pecíolo. Contaram-se os estômatos por área foliar. Folhas dorsiventrais e hipoestomáticas, glabras, cutícula adaxial espessa e brilhante. Numerosas gotas lipídicas, esclereídeos no córtex do pecíolo e nervura central. Borreria: tem epiderme abaxial com paredes fortemente sinuosas e estrias epicuticulares; células incolores, subjacentes à epiderme adaxial; mesofilo com drusas e ráfides de oxolato de cálcio, bainhas de células volumosas envolvendo todos os feixes. Chiococca: epiderme de paredes curvas, cutícula formando "flanges" ao nível da nervura mediana, bordo e pecíolo. Pequenas células cheias de cloroplastos envolvem feixes menores. Clorênquima denso. Conclui-se que as plantas apresentam caracteres de adaptação ao meio xérico. As características anatômicas tanto quanto ao morfológicas individualizam os taxons.Following studies of the vegetation from the dunes of Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia, the Rubiaceae Borreria cymosa and Chiococca brachiata are described. Free hand histological were made with razor blades, following routine procedures. The epidermis, mesophyll, central nerve, margin and petiole were studied. Stomata per area of leaf were counted. Dorsiventral and hypoestomatic leaves, glabrous, adaxial cuticle heavy anda brillant. Numerous lipid droplets, sclereids in cortex of petiole and central nerve. Borreria: has abaxial epidermis with strongly sinuos walls and striated; cells colorless, subjacent to adaxial epidermis; mesophyll with druses and raphides of calcium oxalate, sheaths of volumous cells wrapping all the bundles. Chiococca: epiderm with curved walls, cuticle forming "flanges" at the level of the median nerve margin and petiole. Small cells full of chloroplasts wrapping smaller bundles. Cholorenchyma dense. It was conclused that the plants present adaptative characters for dry environment. The antomical, as well as morphological characteristics saparate the taxa.

Ecología y conservación de Centaurium somedanum M. Laínz (Gentianaceae, planta endémica de la Cordillera Cantábrica (España

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Jiménez-Alfaro, B.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Centaurium somedanum is a cantabrian endemism, with less than twenty localities known in the western Cantabrian Mountains. In order to assess its conservation status, a short-term study has been developed, by applying a Basic Study and an Habitat Integrated Study, which have defined the habitat for the plant, number of populations and some demographic information. The results from the study have confirmed the extinction of the plant in some localities where it had been recorded. C. somedanum is a short-lived chamaephyte plant, limited to fourteen populations at present, and only four of them exceed five hundred adult individuals. They occur on very specific habitats, in the surroundings of calcareous hard water springs, between 500 and 1600 meters of altitude. The specific nature and scarcity of its habitat are the main reasons of the rareness and threat of this species. Some other rare species and plant communities from Cantabrian Mountains share with C. somedanum the need of this type of spring communities conservation, which are currently under different threats.

[fr] Centaurium somedanum est un endémisme cantabrique présent dans moins d'une vingtaine de localités situées à l'extrême ouest des Monts Cantabres. Pour mieux connaître son état de conservation à court terme, on a développé une Étude Basique et une Étude Intégrée de l'habitat, en définissant la disponibilité de l'environnement adéquat pour la plante et son rapport avec son état de conservation. Les résultats de l'étude nous ont permis de constater la disparition de l'espèce dans quelques localités où elle avait été reportée. C. somedanum est une chaméphyte de vie courte, actuellement réduite à quatorze populations, dont seulement quatre arrivent à dépasser cinqs cents individus. Elles occupent des habitats très spécifiques aux alentours de sources d'eaux carbonatées, entre 500 et 1600 mètres d'altitude. La

Foreword

Science.gov (United States)

Aime, C.; Soummer, R.

very short explanation of how the reports are ordered is given here. The Journées of 2003 started with the delocalized lectures (delocalized means here “not in Paris”!) of the Collège de France, of Antoine Labeyrie who wrote a report on Removal of coronagraphy residues with an adaptive hologram. Three invited seminars follow: Olivier Guyon (Pupil remapping techniques), Daniel Rouan (Ultra-nulling interferometers), and Kjetil Dohlen (Phase masks in astronomy). An illustration from Daniel Rouan's talk on the properties of Prouhet-Thué-Morse series was also selected for the cover figure of this edition. These papers are followed by the courses and communications given during the 4 days of the school, in a slightly different order of their presentation. The first two days were on atmospheric turbulence and adaptive optics for coronagraphy, and also coronagraphic space projects. Steve Ridgway gives a general introduction to the problem (Astronomy with high contrast imaging). This is followed by a presentation on Fourier and Statistical Optics: Shaped and Apodized apertures (Claude Aime), The effect of a coronagraph on the statistics of adaptive optics pinned speckles (Claude Aime and Rémi Soummer). A general introduction to the problem of atmospheric turbulence is made by Julien Borgnino. A presentation of the Concordia site with emphasis on its advantages for high contrast imaging is given by Eric Fossat. Several presentations relative to numerical simulations of Adaptive Optics and coronagraphy follow: Marcel Carbillet (AO for very high contrast imaging), Lyu Abe and Anthony Boccaletti share two presentations on Numerical simulations for coronagraphy. These presentations are followed by reports on experiments: Sandrine Thomas (SAM-the SOAR adaptive module), Pierre Baudoz (Cryogenic IR test of the 4QPM coronagraph), Anthony Boccaletti (Coronagraphy with JWST in the thermal IR). Pierre Bourget (Hg-Mask Coronagraph) ends this part with a coronagraph using a mercury

PREFACE: Ocean and climate changes in polar and sub-polar environments: proceedings from the 2010 IODP-Canada/ECORD summer school

Science.gov (United States)

St-Onge, Guillaume; Veiga-Pires, Cristina; Solignac, Sandrine

2011-05-01

. The subsequent set of papers review the use of planktonic foraminifers (Eynaud), diatoms (Crosta) and dinocysts (de Vernal and Rochon) in polar or sub-polar environments. These articles are followed by a paper on transfer functions (Guiot) summarizing the different approaches used to reconstruct past environmental conditions from micropaleontological proxy data. Two papers on geochemical and isotopic proxies are then presented and related to either foraminifera isotopic records (Hillaire-Marcel) in high northern latitudes or changes in ocean circulation and weathering inputs derived from radiogenic isotopes (Frank). The volume concludes with a paper on the application of visible/near infrared derivative spectroscopy to Arctic sediments (Ortiz). All the papers published in this volume benefited from the reviews of at least two reviewers, whom we thank for their valuable time and comments. We also thank the crew of the Coriolis II, and the many scientists, participants and volunteers who contributed to the summer school and made it a great success. In addition to GEOTOP and UQAM, the following institutions contributed to the organization of the summer school: ISMER, INRS-ETE, the Geological Survey of Canada, and REFORMAR. Finally, we thank Hélène Gaonac'h (UQAM) for coordinating the summer school and Anne de Vernal (UQAM) for her leadership throughout the summer school. Editors Guillaume St-Onge Canada Research Chair in Marine Geology, Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER) & GEOTOP Research Center, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, Canada, G5L 3A1 Cristina Veiga-Pires FCMA - CIMA, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117 Faro, Portugal Sandrine Solignac GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, succursale 'centre ville' Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8 Canada Scientists who contributed to the summer school: Hans Asnong (UQAM/GEOTOP, Canada) Gilles Bellefleur (Geological Survey of Canada-Ottawa, Canada) Anne de Vernal (UQAM

Las “Formas Farmacéuticas”. Entre los Siglos XV y XVIII

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Juan Mendoza Vega

1991-09-01

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Para el médico chamán, mama, sacerdote de cualquier teogonía, no es ni puede ser lo mismo el extracto de cápsulas de adormidera o el de corteza de sauce cuando se han macerado en alcohol por largas horas al influjo de repetidas oraciones propiciatorias, que cuando la disolución en el mismo alcohol se realizó bajo los golpes y movimientos de la “mano” o pistilo del mortero metálico y entre otra clase de fórmulas litúrgicas. Como tampoco es igual preparar la bebida curativa tomando como base la leche, el suero de ésta, el agua de cocción del maíz o de la cebada, la infusión de hojas o flores de alguna planta, la cerveza o el sabroso y amable jugo de la vid.

El paso a la medicina técnica, en cuyo contexto plantean los griegos la teoría de los humores, causa en el ámbito de la incipiente farmacopea cambios profundos. La acción realmente demostrada del fármaco, sus cualidades esenciales (deducidas a veces, eso sí, de modo muy parecido a la adivinación o por el método llamado “de la signatura”, es decir, de la pretendida relación entre un detalle morfológico, carácter organoléptico o cosa semejante del remedio y alguna característica saliente del estado patológico que se pretende curar pasan a ocupar el sitio más importante entre las consideraciones que el médico hace al elegir sus medidas terapéuticas.

La forma farmacéutica empieza entonces a determinarse por la necesidad de llevar la sustancia activa, lo más pronto posible, al órgano o lugar afectado o a su más factible cercanía; pero también se tiene en cuenta el no mezclar sustancias que sean “opuestas” y que por ello puedan disminuirse o anularse recíprocamente...

PREFACE: Transport phenomena in proton conducting media Transport phenomena in proton conducting media

Science.gov (United States)

Eikerling, Michael

2011-06-01

eminently important field of transport phenomena in proton conducting media. Complex dynamics of fluids in disordered and crowded environments contents Electrostatic models of electron-driven proton transfer across a lipid membrane Anatoly Yu Smirnov, Lev G Mourokh and Franco Nori Molecular basis of proton uptake in single and double mutants of cytochrome c oxidase Rowan M Henry, David Caplan, Elisa Fadda and Régis Pomès Proton diffusion along biological membranes E S Medvedev and A A Stuchebrukhov Ab initio molecular dynamics of proton networks in narrow polymer electrolyte pores Mehmet A Ilhan and Eckhard Spohr A simulation study of field-induced proton-conduction pathways in dry ionomers Elshad Allahyarov, Philip L Taylor and Hartmut Löwen Molecular structure and transport dynamics in perfluoro sulfonyl imide membranes Nagesh Idupulapati, Ram Devanathan and Michel Dupuis The kinetics of water sorption in Nafion membranes: a small-angle neutron scattering study Gérard Gebel, Sandrine Lyonnard, Hakima Mendil-Jakani and Arnaud Morin Using 2H labeling with neutron radiography for the study of solid polymer electrolyte water transport properties P Boillat, P Oberholzer, B C Seyfang, A Kästner, R Perego, G G Scherer, E H Lehmann and A Wokaun Spatial distribution and dynamics of proton conductivity in fuel cell membranes: potential and limitations of electrochemical atomic force microscopy measurements E Aleksandrova, S Hink, R Hiesgen and E Roduner A review on phosphate based, solid state, protonic conductors for intermediate temperature fuel cells O Paschos, J Kunze, U Stimming and F Maglia A structural study of the proton conducting B-site ordered perovskite Ba3Ca1.18Ta1.82O8.73 Maarten C Verbraeken, Hermenegildo A L Viana, Philip Wormald and John T S Irvine

Preface: Phonons 2007

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Perrin, Bernard

2007-06-01

were offered by C'Nano IdF (Centre de Compétence NanoSciences Ile-de-France/Paris District Competence Center in Nanosciences). I want also to point out the strong support given by three institutions: CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), INSP (Institut des NanoSciences de Paris) and SFA (Socitété Française d'Acoustique). Finally, I would like to thank the members of the different committees who helped for the organization of this conference. I am particularly indebted to Bernard Bonello, Arnaud Devos, Jean-Yves Duquesne, Jean-Yves Prieur and Clément Rossignol for their invaluable help. I appreciated the kindness and efficiency of Armelle Guilloux ('Ellipse & Co'). I want also to express my thanks to close collaborators: Catherine Dematteis, Agnès Huynh and Emmanuel Péronne. During the conference, I appreciated the valuable assistance of Sandrine Guit, Béatrice Desoudin and of the student team. The edition of these proceedings could not have been possible without the tremendous amount of work performed by Jean-Yves Duquesne and the valuable help of Jean-Yves Prieur. I hope that the delegates of PHONONS 2007 enjoyed the program and will be willing to attend the 13th conference which will be chaired by Professor Chi Kuang Sun in Taiwan in 2010. Bernard Perrin, Chairman of PHONONS 2007 Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Paris, November 2007 Copyright: CNRS Photo - Nicole TIGET. The PDF contains the lists of committee members, sponsors and participants.

Soil erosion in Iran: Issues and solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Hamidreza Sadeghi, Seyed; Cerdà, Artemi

2015-04-01

Iran currently faces many soil erosion-related problems (see citations below). These issues are resulted from some inherent characteristic and anthropogenic triggering forces. Nowadays, the latter plays more important rule to accelerate the erosion with further emphasis on soil erosion-prone arid and semi arid regions of the country. This contribution attempts to identify and describe the existing main reasons behind accelerated soil erosion in Iran. Appropriate solutions viz. structural and non-structural approaches will be then advised to combat or minimise the problems. Iran can be used as a pilot research site to understand the soil erosion processes in semiarid, arid and mountainous terrain and our research will review the scientific literature and will give an insight of the soil erosion rates in the main factors of the soil erosion in Iran. Key words: Anthropogenic Erosion, Land Degradation; Sediment Management; Sediment Problems Acknowledgements The research projects GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857 and PREVENTING AND REMEDIATING DEGRADATION OF SOILS IN EUROPE THROUGH LAND CARE (RECARE)FP7-ENV-2013- supported this research. References Aghili Nategh, N., Hemmat, A., & Sadeghi, M. (2014). Assessing confined and semi-confined compression curves of highly calcareous remolded soil amended with farmyard manure. Journal of Terramechanics, 53, 75-82. Arekhi, S., Bolourani, A. D., Shabani, A., Fathizad, H., Ahamdy-Asbchin, S. 2012. Mapping Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Susceptibility using RUSLE, Remote Sensing and GIS (Case study: Cham Gardalan Watershed, Iran). Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(1), 109-124. Arekhi, S., Shabani, A., Rostamizad, G. 2012. Application of the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) in prediction of sediment yield (Case study: Kengir Watershed, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5(6), 1259-1267.Sadeghi, S. H., Moosavi, V., Karami, A., Behnia, N. 2012. Soil erosion assessment and prioritization of affecting factors at plot

Evidencia molecular y serológica de la asociación del PVH-13 con la hiperplasia epitelial focal en la comunidad indígena embera-chami de Jardín, Antioquia-Colombia

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Juan Alberto Pérez

2004-03-01

Full Text Available

Introducción: La hiperplasia epitelial focal (HEF o enfermedad de Heck es una entidad benigna de la mucosa oral que se presenta principalmente en jóvenes de grupos étnicos muy específicos. Aunque el epónimo de “Enfermedad de Heck” proviene del primer caso reportado en 1961 por el Dr. Heck en Nuevo Méjico, ya previamente en Colombia el Dr. Estrada en 1956 había reportado esta entidad en los indios Caramanta (1. Es así como en Colombia ha habido reportes de esta enfermedad en diferentes comunidades indígenas (2,3. La hiperplasia epitelial focal se caracteriza clínicamente por pápulas, nódulos o placas localizadas principalmente en la mucosa labial, los carrillos y la lengua.

Desde 1989 se había sugerido su causa viral debido a la frecuente detección del PVH-13 y PVH-32 en las lesiones (4. En un estudio descriptivo previo realizado en el 2001 se encontró una prevalencia de la enfermedad del 13% en escolares de la comunidad indígena Embera-Chamí en Jardín, Antioquia (5. En ese mismo estudio logramos detectar la infección por PVH en un 80% de escolares con HEF.

A pesar de que se ha sugerido una etiología viral de la HEF, hasta el momento no existía evidencia epidemiológica que demostrara la asociación del PVH con la hiperplasia epitelial focal. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de confirmar molecular y serológicamente esta asociación. Diseño del estudio: Estudio de casos y controles. Materiales y métodos: La población estudiada de casos correspondió a los escolares que presentaban los criterios clínicos e histopatológicos de HEF. A estos casos se les tomó biopsia de una de las lesiones clínicamente evidentes.

El Copturomímus Perseae Hustache Nueva Especie Entomológica, Grave Plaga del Aguacate en Colombia.

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Mario Moreno Ernesto

1947-06-01

Full Text Available 1. Colombia, por la diversidad de climas y condiciones variadas de suelos, está capacitada para producir ventajosamente las especies frutales que en general son consideradas como de carácter comercial. Entre las cuales, el aguacate, dentro de la zona tropical y subtropical, ocupa lugar prominente, junto con el popular grupo de los Citrus. Aunque la explotación de estas especies frutales se encuentra en forma incipiente, y para mejor decirlo en estado semisilvestre, la correcta vegetación y fructificación abundante lograda dentro de vastas zonas, son un elocuente índice, que unido a la demanda creciente de fruta en los mercados, insatisfecha con la escasa producción nacional, aseguran el éxito de las empresas que consagren sus esfuerzos a la lucrativa industria de la producción de frutas. 2. Ante las perspectivas tan halagadoras que presenta el cultivo del aguacate en el país, y en el convencimiento de que el control de las plagas y enfermedades constituye uno de los factores de mayor importancia, es evidente la necesidad de propender por el establecimiento de las medidas sanitarias, que a la vez que sean económicas, tengan la suficiente efectividad para eliminar el peligro que puedan constituir. 3. El aguacate, dentro de la clasificación botánica pertenece a la familia Lauracea, género Persea y comprende 2 especies principales, Persea americana Mill. (P. gratissimaGaertn y PerseadrymifoliaCham. &Schelecnt. (P.americanavar. DrymifoliaMez. Comercialmente se ha dividido en 3 razas claramente diferenciadas, la Antillana, Guatemalteca y Mexicana, dentro de las cuales se hallan agrupadas variedades en crecido número; aunque existen ciertas variedades que participan de características comunes a dos de las razas mencionadas y se consideran como híbridos o cruces genéticos. Comúnmente tiene diferentes denominaciones que varían de país a país y aun en regiones del mismo país, entre las cuales las más conocidas son, aguacate

6th International Symposium on Molecular Allergology (ISMA

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Christiane Hilger

2016-10-01

diagnostic sensitivity of recombinant Api m 1 and Ves v 5 in diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy Mira Silar, Julij Selb, Rok Kogovsek, Mitja Kosnik, Peter Korosec P45 Added value of biomarkers of primary sensitization and cross-reactivity in patients with hymenoptera venom allergy Leticia Pestana, Alcinda Campos Melo, Ana Mendes, Maria Elisa Pedro, Manuel Pereira Barbosa, Maria Conceição Pereira Santos P46 Cosensitization to Alt a 1 and Act d 2: more than a fortuitous association? Françoise Bienvenu, Claire Goursaud, Lorna Garnier, Sandrine Jacquenet, Michaël Degaud, Sébastien Viel, Annick Barre, Pierre Rougé, Jacques Bienvenu, Joana Vitte P47 Molecular diagnosis for peanut allergy: ALFA method performs as well as established methods for Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 6, Ara h 9 and CCD Amel Bensalah, Isabelle Cleach, Laurent Mousseau, Chantal Agabriel, Valérie Liabeuf, Joëlle Birnbaum, Jean-Louis Mège, Joana Vitte P48 Evaluation of a food challenge service in relation to specific IgE to molecular components in children with suspected peanut allergy James Gardner, Minal Gandhi, Harsha Kariyawasam, Giuseppina Rotiroti P49 Component resolved diagnosis in cereal allergy Isabel Carrapatoso, Celso Pereira, Frederico Regateiro, Emília Faria, Ana Todo-Bom Poster Session 6: Molecular diagnosis in prevention and therapy P50 Pretreatment molecular sensitizations determine the sIgG4 induction during the updosing of SCIT and may be useful to identify clinically relevant additional sensitizations Johannes Martin Schmid, Ronald Dahl, Hans Juergen Hoffmann P51 Usefulness of recombinant latex allergens in immunotherapy’s decision and follow-up Inês Mota, Filipe Benito Garcia, Angela Gaspar, Mário Morais-Almeida P52 Omega-5-gliadin in the diagnosis of wheat-dependent anaphylaxis induced by ibuprofen but not by exercise Joana Cosme, Letícia Pestana, Amélia Spínola Santos, Manuel Pereira Barbosa P53 Food dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis: a component-resolved and in vitro

Prémiers éléments d'une approche écologique du versant de Pampas-La Florida-San Juan-Huascoy

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1975-01-01

et Puya sur les affleurements rocheux -faciès à Schinus molle et Arundinacées dans les fonds de vallée humides, qu'il partage avec les cultures fruitières du 'fundo'. -étage tempéré: il est occupé par une végétation de type maquis à petits buissons et graminées c'est la zone de plus forte pression humaine. Le climat y est tempéré, mais sec du fait de la longue sécheresse hivernale les gels nocturnes sont fréquents en saison sèche. Il regroupe sûrement plusieurs étages qu'il nous est difficile de séparer pour l'instant. On peut néanmoins y distinguer: -une zone basse (en dessous de 3000 m, à Agave Pitcairnia et Fourcroya -une zone moyenne à nombreux ligneux bas, ou domine Calceolaria -une zone supérieure dominée par Lupinus. -étage d'altitude: il s'étend au dessus de 4200, m et est caractérisé par une végétation basse (touffes, coussinets, rosettes basales et un climat froid (moyenne annuelle inférieure à 6ºC et relativement humide (précipitations annuelles supérieures à 600 mm. On y discerne: -une zone basse à Tafalla thuroides, -une zone moyenne à 'Ichu' (Calamagrostis, Festuca, -une zone supérieure, au-dessus de 4500 m, à végétation claire et rase, ou abondent les plantes en coussinet (Pycniphyllum, Baccharis, Opuntia,... Les graminées préfèrent les substrats meubles, laissant les affleurements rocheux aux plantes en coussinet. Les dépressions humides sont le siège de tourbières à Distichia muscoides. Sur l'ensemble du versant, les Composées sont la famille la mieux représentée, avec les Graminées. Les Broméliacées et les Cactacées se rencontrent à toutes les altitudes. Les ligneux hauts sont quasi absents les ligneux bas sont très abondants (buissonnants, rampants, en coussinets,.... Les formes de résistance (chaméphytes en coussinets, géophytes, hémicryptophytes, plantes succulentes, plantes aphylles, grand développement des organes souterrains, .. abondent. Este artículo constituye un primer