Silicon-lithium nuclear radiation detectors. Kremnii-litievye detektory yadernogo izlucheniya

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Azimov, S.A.; Muminov, R.A.; Shamirzaev, S.Kh.; Yafasov, A.Ya.

1981-01-01

A presentation is made of the physical principles underlying the design, building, and technology of silicon-lithium detectors and ways of improving them. Criteria of nuclear radiation control and selection and the connection between radiation and detector properties are discussed. A study is made of the effect that various defects have on the process of charge collection and formation of amplitude spectra during the recording of various types of particles. A detailed examination is made of the optimal technological systems for making detectors with high energy and time resolutions, and features of producing high-quality detectors which employ the use of ion-laser and other methods of modern semiconductor technology. 322 references, 102 figures, 2 tables.

Inelastic Neutron Scattering from Doped Germanium and Silicon; Diffusion Inelastique des Neutrons dans du Germanium et du Silicium Contenant une 'Impurete'; Neuprugoe rasseyanie nejtronov na germanii i kremnii s prisadkoj; Dispersion Inelastica de Neutrones en Germanio y Silicio Deliberadamente Impurificados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dolling, G. [Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON (Canada)

1965-04-15

experimental. En los casos mas favorables, esta exactitud (relativa) alcanza al 0,5% del valor de la frecuencia, y llega hasta 2,0 Degree-Sign Inverted-Exclamation-Mark o tratandose de algunos modos opticos longitudinales en el silicio. (author) [Russian] Normal'nye formy kolebanija chistyh poluprovodnikov germanija i kremnija shiroko izuchalis' s pomoshh'ju kogerentnogo odnofononnogo rassejanija medlenny nejtronov na mono-kristallicheskih obrazcah. V dannom doklade opisyvajutsja analogichnye jeksperimenty, vypolnennye 1) s germaniem s bol'shoj prisadkoj ( Tilde-Operator 0,1%) a) mysh'jaka i '') galija, a takzhe 2) s kremniem s fosfornoj prisadkoj. V kazhdom sluchae kontrol'nye jeksperimenty provodilis' na kristallah vysokoj chistoty. Vse izmerenija vypolnjalis' na trehosnom kristallicheskom spektrometre v laboratorijah v Chok- River. Kak izvestno, postojannaja uprugosti C{sub 44} dlja germanija v znachitel'noj stepeni zavisit ot koncentracii prisadki, i pojetomu nekotorye poperechnye akusticheskie koljobanija (TA) s bol'shoj dlinoj volny izuchalis' s cel'ju vyjasnenija nalichija takih jeffektov v dispergirujushhej oblasti. Drugie TA kolebanija, chastoty kotoryh mozhno izmerjat' s vysokoj stepen'ju tochnosti, takzhe izuchalis' v oboih materialah s cel'ju vozmozhno bolee tochnoj proverki nebol'shih jeffektov, kotorye mozhno bylo by pripisat' nalichiju izbytka jelektronov ili dyrok. Osobenno tshhatel'no izuchalis' kolebanija so sledujushhimi volnovymi vektorami (aq/2{pi}, gde a -storona kubicheskoj jelementarnoj jachejki): 1) v germanii (1; 0; 0); 2) v kremnii (0.85; 0.85; 0) i (0.3; 0;0). Mozhno bylo by predpolozhit', chto takie normal'nye kolebanija projavjat neobychnye cherty v kristallah n-nogo tipa, poskol'ku dlja rassejanija jelektronov mezhdu sosednimi minimumami zon provodimosti potrebovalos' by vzaimodejstvie dlja sohranenija {sup i}mpul'sa kristalla{sup .} Rezul'taty vo vseh sluchajah byli otricatel'nymi, t.e. v predelah tochnosti jeksperimentov ne nabljudalos' nikakih

Properties of silicium n-i-p junctions - application to the detection of relativist particles; Propriete des jonctions nip de silicium - Application a la detection des particules relativistes; Svojstva perekhoda p-i-n v kremnii - primenenie k obnaruzheniyu relyativistskikh chastits; Propiedades de estructuras nip de silicio - Aplicacion a la deteccion de particulas relativistas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koch, L; Messier, J; Valin, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1962-04-15

metody, pozvolyayushchie poluchit' perekhod p-i-n v kremnii s promezhutochnoj zonoj v 1 mm. Nakonets, budut opisany nekotorye vidy primeneniya ehtikh detektorov: al'fa- i gamma-spektroskopiya, izmerenie dE/dX dlya relyativistskikh chastits. (author)

Vlijanie dizajna geterostruktury na porog generacii lazera s mnozhestvennymi kvantovymi jamami InGaN/GaN na kremnii

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andryieuski, Andrei

2008-01-01

This article is devoted to the investigation of the influence of heterostructure design on lasing characteristics of the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well laser on silicon substrate, performed by computer modelling. It is shown that heterogeneity in a growth process can lead to different far-field ...

Monitoring of Fresh Waters Used for Dispersal of Radioactive Wastes; Controle des Eaux Fluviales Utilisees pour la Dispersion des Dechets Radioactifs; 0418 0417 041c 0414 ; Monitoraje de las Aguas Dulces Utilizadas para la Dispersion de Desechos Radiactivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ophel, I. L. [Environmental Research and Radiation Dosimetry Branch, Division of Biology and Health Physics, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON (Canada)

1960-07-01

otnoshenijah jeta reka predstavljaet ozero. Jeffljujent razbavljaetsja bol'shimi ob{sup e}mami nizkoaktivnoj vody, ispol'zovannoj dlja ohlazhdenija, i postupaet v reku pri koncentracii radionuklidov, ne prevyshajushhih predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii dlja rabochih. Obshhaja koncentracija beta- i gamma-radionuklidov vverh po techeniju ot zavoda sostavljaet 2 x 10{sup -8} millikjuri/millilitr i 1,6 kilometra vniz po techeniju ot zavoda ravna 3 x 10{sup -8} millikjuri/millilitr. Vzjatie prob so dna reki pokazyvaet, chto radioaktivnost' ponizhaetsja v techenie celogo rjada let nesmotrja na postojannoe dobavlenie aktivnosti, osazhdajushhejsja na kolloidal'nom kremnii, vydeljajushhemsja iz vody. Iz rechnyh organizmov chelovekom upotrebljaetsja v pishhu tol'ko krupnaja ryba. Sledy stroncija-90 byli sluchajno obnaruzheny v kostjah, no ne v mjase. Maksimal'noe soderzhanie 10{sup -3} millikjuri R{sup 32}/g obshhego vesa bylo obnaruzheno v nebol'shih okunjah. Hotja fosfor-32 sostavljaet tol'ko 0,04% obshhej radioaktivnosti jeffljuenta, on predstavljaet 75-95% vseh radionuklidov obnaruzhennyh v bol'shinstve vzjatyh na issledovanie ryb. (author)

Dispersion Curves for Phonons in Diamond; Courbes de Dispersion des Phonons dans le Diamant; Krivye dispersii dlya fononov v almaze; Curvas de Dispersion de los Fonones en el Diamante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Warren, J. L.; Wenzel, R. G.; Yarnell, J. L. [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1965-04-15

recien mencionados, la tienen menos en el caso del diamante. (author) [Russian] Trehosnyj difrakcionnyj spektrometr nejtronov na Losalamosskom reaktore ''Omega Vest'' ispol'zovalsja dlja izmerenija nekotoryh krivyh dispersii dlja rasprostranenija fononov v napravlenijah [100] i [111] v almaze . Vse iz merenija provodilis' pri komnatnoj temperature. Obrazec predstavljal soboj korichnevyj promyshlennyj almaz tipa Na vesom 242,8 karat (48,56 grammov). Izuchenie javlenij difrakcii nejtronov pokazalo, chto almaz sostoit iz bol'shogo edinichnogo kristalla s mozaichnym razbrosom v razmere M Degree-Sign polnoj shiriny pri polumaksimume, pljus dvumja nebol'shimi oblastjami, razorientirovannymi na 3 - 5 Degree-Sign . Spektrometr programmirovalsja dlja operacii ''postojannaja''. Vo vseh sluchajah jenergija padajushhih nejtronov byla postojannoj, i rassejannye nejtrony terjali jenergiju. Dostatochnaja intensivnost' pri jenergii bombardirovki, dostatochno bol'shoj dlja vozbuzhdenija opticheskih form almaza, byla dostignuta v rezul'tate ispol'zovanija otrazhenija (1122) berillievogo monohromatora. K trudnostjam provedenija jeksperimentov, pomimo trudnostej, voznikajushhih v svjazi s nalichiem ochen' vysokih chastot fononov v almaze, otnositsja vozniknovenie anomal'nyh pikov, chto zatrudnjaet raspoznavanie tochek poljarizacii. Schitaetsja, chto neopredelennosti v izmerennyh chastotah sostavljajut velichinu porjadka 2-3 procentov. Naibolee razitel'nym rezul'tatom jetih izmerenij javljaetsja podtverzhdenie predpolozhenij, osnovannyh na dannyh otnositel'no pogloshhenija infrakrasnoj oblasti spektra i otnositel'no udel'nogo tepla, chto almaz ne javljaetsja gomologom s kremniem i germaniem. Otsutstvie sootvetstvija projavljaetsja v osnovnom v povedenii poperechnyh akusticheskih vetvej, kotorye v sluchajah vyrazhenija ih v sootvetstvujushhih privedennyh edinicah po svoej chastote pochti v dva raza vyshe v almaze, chem v kremnii i germanii. Ostal'nye nabljudaemye krivye dispersii dlja almaza

Behaviour of semiconductor nuclear-particle detectors; Comportement des semi-conducteurs comme detecteurs de particules nucleaires; Povedenie detektorov yadernykh chastits na poluprovodnikakh; Propiedades de los detectores de particulas nucleares a base de semiconductores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, F J; Dabbs, J W.T.; Roberts, L D [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-04-15

ot detektora i usilitelya. Dlya bar'ernogo detektora s kremnievoj poverkhnost'yu v 40 mm{sup 2} pri 77{sup o}K. byli ustanovleny pokazateli shuma, ehkvivalentnye c {<=} 3 kehv (polnaya shirina pri polumaksimume). Poluprovodnikovym detektoram svojstvenen ''defekt amplitudy impul'sa'' dlya oskolkov deleniya. Imeyutsya dannye, svidetel'stvuyushchie o tom, chto ehtot defekt ne vyzyvaetsya ''neradioaktivnym sloem''. Esli ehlektricheskie polya, kotorye yavlyayutsya nedostatochnymi dlya obespecheniya polnogo ''sbora'', vyzyvayut ehtot defekt, neobkhodimym minimal'nym polem (na poverkhnosti) yavlyaetsya pole svyshe 3 x 10{sup 4} vol't/sm dlya oskolkov deleniya po sravneniyu c 2 x 10{sup 3} vol't/sm, neobkhodimost' chego byla ustanovlena dlya al'fa-chastits v germanii i kremnii. Podrobnye issledovaniya vremeni narastaniya impul'sa v usilitele pokazali, chto v materialakh s vysokoj soprotivlyaemost'yu kak vremya ''diehlektricheskoj'' relaksatsii, tak i soprotivlenie, svyazannoe s neistoshchennym osnovnym materialom, mogut igrat' vazhnuyu rol'. V doklade daetsya kolichestvennoe opisanie dejstviya parametrov detektora i usilitelya na formy i vremya narastaniya, svyazannye s impul'som. V doklade obsuzhdayutsya preimushchestva i problemy, svyazannye s ispol'zovaniem poverkhnostnykh bar'ernykh detektorov v nekotorykh opytakh po yadernomu vyravnivaniyu pri unikal'no nizkikh temperaturakh. V khode ehtikh opytov proiskhodili uglovye raspredeleniya oskolkov raspada i razreshenie al'fa-mikrostruktury s dolgosrochnoj stabil'nost'yu. V doklade takzhe daetsya opisanie tekhniki izgotovleniya s koehffitsientom soglasovannogo rasshireniya, kotoraya uspeshno ispol'zovalas' dlya izgotovleniya detektorov do 8 cm{sup 2} v aktivnoj zone. (author)