Deformasi Wajah Karakter Kartun Berbasis Klaster Titik Fitur Gerak

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Samuel Gandang Gunanto

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Pendekatan tradisional animasi ekspresi wajah sangat tergantung pada animatordalam pembuatan gerakan kunci dan rangkaian gerakan ekspresi wajah.Problematika yang sering dijumpai adalah penggunaan kerangka dan gerakan wajahyang sama untuk model yang berbeda membutuhkan waktu yang lama dikarenakankompleksitas ekspresi wajah manusia. Pendekatan simulasi kulit wajah dan ototpada praktiknya masih memerlukan intervensi animator untuk pengaturan kulitwajah terhadap tulang/tengkorak kepala dan konfigurasi sambungan otot gerakdi wajah. Hal ini menyebabkan produksi animasi wajah untuk satu wajah tidakdapat digunakan ulang secara langsung untuk wajah lainnya karena kekhususannyatersebut. Oleh karena itu, proses pengamatan perubahan bentuk ekspresi wajahdengan adanya area bobot pada model wajah 3D menggunakan pendekatanklaster di titik fitur gerak mempunyai peran penting untuk mengidentifikasi prosespenyesuaian bentuk wajah yang berlainan dan variasi pengaruh gerakan pada wajahkarakter kartun. Cartoon Character Face Deformation Based on Motion Feature-Point Cluster.The traditional approach animated facial expression is highly dependent on animatorto create key of movement and continuity the motion of facial expressions. The problemsfrequently encountered is the use of the skeleton and the same facial movements fordifferent models takes a long time because of the complexity on human facial expressions.Simulation approach to facial skin and muscles in practice still requires interventionanimators to control the facial skin to bone/skull and connection configuration in facialmuscle movement. This leads to the production of facial animation for one face can’tbe reused directly to the other face model because of their specialization. Therefore, theobservation of deformation facial expressions with weights area on a 3D face model usingmotion feature-point cluster approach have an important role to identify the adjustmentprocess on different facial shapes, and variations of movement on cartoon character face.

ELEMEN KLASTER INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN SUSU DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

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Nur Laili Marufah

2015-02-01

Full Text Available This research was conducted to study the elements and value chain of milk-processing cluster industry in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The respondent in this study consisted of cow and goats milk processing industry, dairy cooperative and related institution. The data consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through observation and interviews, while secondary data obtained from statistical data from Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, Agricultural Service of Agriculture Department and LPPOM MUI DIY. Descriptive analysis were used in this study to analyzed the data. Respondent and locations were determined using purposive sampling methods lead to be analyse descriptively. The results showed that stakeholders involved as important elements of milkprocessing cluster industry were milk suppliers (farmer, dairy groups, and cooperative, core industry (small-medium scale processor of cow’s and goat milk, supporting industry (sugar, packaging and tools, supporting institution (bank, university, and government agencies, related industry (food chain, bakery, and coffee shop, and also buyers (retailer, distributor, end user or consumer. Their main products are pasteurized cow’s and goat milk, yoghurt of cow’s milk, and goat milk powder. The long chains to produce milk product since the raw milk have indicated some added values on economy and involvement of man powers leading to local economic development as well as of technology innovation or industry. It has been concluded that milk-processing cluster industry could be used as a locomotive for regional economics development. (Key words: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Elements, Milk-processing cluster industry, Regional economic development, Value chain

Pregabalin in fibromyalgia - responder analysis from individual patient data

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Paine Jocelyn

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Population mean changes are difficult to use in clinical practice. Responder analysis may be better, but needs validating for level of response and treatment duration. A consensus group has defined what constitutes minimal, moderate, and substantial benefit based on pain intensity and Patient Global Impression of Change scores. Methods We obtained individual patient data from four randomised double blind trials of pregabalin in fibromyalgia lasting eight to 14 weeks. We calculated response for all efficacy outcomes using any improvement (≥ 0%, minimal improvement (≥ 15%, moderate improvement (≥ 30%, substantial improvement (≥ 50%, and extensive improvement (≥ 70%, with numbers needed to treat (NNT for pregabalin 300 mg, 450 mg, and 600 mg daily compared with placebo. Results Information from 2,757 patients was available. Pain intensity and sleep interference showed reductions with increasing level of response, a significant difference between pregabalin and placebo, and a trend towards lower (better NNTs at higher doses. Maximum response rates occurred at 4-6 weeks for higher levels of response, and were constant thereafter. NNTs (with 95% confidence intervals for ≥ 50% improvement in pain intensity compared with placebo after 12 weeks were 22 (11 to 870 for pregabalin 300 mg, 16 (9.3 to 59 for pregabalin 450 mg, and 13 (8.1 to 31 for pregabalin 600 mg daily. NNTs for ≥ 50% improvement in sleep interference compared with placebo after 12 weeks were 13 (8.2 to 30 for pregabalin 300 mg, 8.4 (6.0 to 14 for pregabalin 450 mg, and 8.4 (6.1 to 14 for pregabalin 600 mg. Other outcomes had fewer respondents at higher response levels, but generally did not discriminate between pregabalin and placebo, or show any dose response. Shorter duration and use of 'any improvement' over-estimated treatment effect compared with longer duration and higher levels of response. Conclusions Responder analysis is useful in fibromyalgia

Pooling data for Number Needed to Treat: no problems for apples

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Wiffen Phillip

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Objective To consider the problem of the calculation of number needed to treat (NNT derived from risk difference, odds ratio, and raw pooled events shown to give different results using data from a review of nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Discussion A review of nursing interventions for smoking cessation from the Cochrane Library provided different values for NNT depending on how NNTs were calculated. The Cochrane review was evaluated for clinical heterogeneity using L'Abbé plot and subsequent analysis by secondary and primary care settings. Three studies in primary care had low (4% baseline quit rates, and nursing interventions were without effect. Seven trials in hospital settings with patients after cardiac surgery, or heart attack, or even with cancer, had high baseline quit rates (25%. Nursing intervention to stop smoking in the hospital setting was effective, with an NNT of 14 (95% confidence interval 9 to 26. The assumptions involved in using risk difference and odds ratio scales for calculating NNTs are discussed. Summary Clinical common sense and concentration on raw data helps to detect clinical heterogeneity. Once robust statistical tests have told us that an intervention works, we then need to know how well it works. The number needed to treat or harm is just one way of showing that, and when used sensibly can be a useful tool.

Diclofenac Potassium in Acute Postoperative Pain and Dysmenorrhoea: Results from Comprehensive Clinical Trial Reports

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R. Andrew Moore

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We compared the efficacy of diclofenac potassium in unpublished clinical study reports (CSRs and published reports to examine publication bias, industry bias, and comprehensiveness. Novartis provided CSRs of randomised double-blind trials of diclofenac potassium involving postoperative patients following third molar extraction (3 trials, n=519, gynaecological surgery (3 trials, n=679, and dysmenorrhoea (2 trials, n=711 conducted in 1988–1990. Searches identified published reports of 6 trials. Information from 599/1909 patients was not published; trials with 846/1909 patients were published in a defunct journal. Greater methodological information in CSRs contributed to lesser risk of bias than published trials. Numbers needed to treat (NNT from CSRs for all six postoperative trials for at least 50% of maximum pain relief over 6 h were 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.9–2.6 and 2.1 (1.8–2.4 for 50 and 100 mg diclofenac potassium, respectively. A Cochrane review of published trial data reported NNTs of 2.1 and 1.9, and one comprehensive analysis reported NNTs of 2.2 and 2.1, respectively. All analyses had similar results for patients remedicating within 8 h. No data from dysmenorrhoea CSRs appeared in a Cochrane review. CSRs provide useful information and increase confidence. Stable efficacy estimates with standard study designs reduce the need for updating reviews.

Puitmaja klaster : intervjuu Argo Sauliga / Argo Saul ; intervjueerinud Kalle Komissarov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saul, Argo

2010-01-01

Eesti Puitmajaliidu juhatuse esimehe ning Nordic Houses osaniku ja juhatuse esimehe Argo Sauliga arhitektide ja tüüpmaja tootjate võimalikust koostööst Eesti puitmaja klastris, millega Eesti Arhitektide Liit on liitunud. Nordic Houses on norra arhitektide projektide järgi tootnud ja tarninud üle 700 puhkemaja Norrasse

Studi Intervensi Klaster Kawasan Tanpa Rokok pada Tingkat Rumah Tangga

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Najmah Najmah

2015-05-01

sampling method. The intervention included integrated counseling, distribution of candy as substitute for cigarette, and healthy saving. Results of study showed that proportion of respondents who smoked every day in a recent month and had a commitment not to smoke in the future reached 71.6% and 62% in the intervention group, then 91% and 38% in the non-intervention group respectively. This intervension had opportunity worth 46% reducing the smoking behavior of the respondents (RP= 0.46 after controlled by the variable of education (RP = 0.152 and attitude (RP = 0.216 with p value < 0.0001. This integrated intervention was profoundly successful changing smoking behavior at household level. So that, public participation and health agency need to follow up the implementation of this intervention in a long term.

Analisis Data Lulusan dengan Data Mining untuk Mendukung Strategi Promosi Universitas Lancang Kuning

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Elvira Asril

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Setiap perusahaan maupun organisasi yang ingin tetap bertahan perlu untuk menentukan strategi promosi yang tepat. Penentuan strategi promosi yang tepat akan dapat mengurangi biaya promosi dan mencapai sasaran promosi yang tepat. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk penentuan strategi promosi adalah dengan menggunakan teknik data mining. Teknik data mining yang digunakan dalam hal ini adalah dengan menggunakan algoritma Clustering K-Means. Clustering merupakan pengelompokkan record, observasi, atau kasus ke dalam kelas-kelas objek yang mirip. K-Means adalah metode klaster data non-hirarkis yang mencoba untuk membagi data ke dalam satu atau lebih klaster. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati beberapa variabel penelitian yang sering dipertimbangkan oleh perguruan tinggi dalam menentukan sasaran promosinya yaitu asal sekolah, daerah, dan jurusan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa pola menarik hasil data mining yang merupakan informasi penting untuk mendukung strategi promosi yang tepat dalam mendapatkan calon mahasiswa baru.Kata kunci: Data Mining, Clustering, K-Means Each company or organization that wants to survive needs to determine appropriate promotional strategies. Determination of appropriate promotional strategies will be able to reduce costs and achieve the goals the promotion of proper promotion. One way that can be done to determine campaign strategy is to use data mining techniques. Data mining techniques used in this case is to use a K-Means clustering algorithm. Clustering is the grouping of records, observation, or in the case of the object classes that are similar. K-Means is a method of non-hierarchical clustering of data that is trying to divide the data into one or more clusters. The study was conducted by observing some of the variables that are often considered by the college in determining the target of promotion that the school of origin, region, and department. Results of this study are interesting pattern of

Potensi Klaster Agroindustri Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Provinsi Jambi

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Junaidi Junaidi

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of research is to 1. Analyzing the agro-industry group of SMEs that have the potential to be developed as an agro-industry clusters of SMEs in Jambi Province; (2. Analyze the various potentials, opportunities, barriers and challenges in the development of agro-industry SMEs in Jambi Province. The data used consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected from experts and stakeholders associated with agro-industry and agro-industry businesses. Collecting data using a structured questionnaire and interview. Secondary data sourced from related institutions / organizations at the national, provincial, district and sub-district. To identify and analyze the potential for agro-industry SME cluster development is done with consideration of the number of business units and discussions with the experts to get the cluster potential agro-industry group. Furthermore, to analyze the potential, opportunities, barriers and challenges of development of agro-industry cluster analyzed descriptively based on surveys and direct observation in the agro-industry businesses that have the potential clusters in Jambi Province. . The analysis was done by descriptive against internal and external conditions of SMEs. The results found that there are five groups of agroindustrial SMEs that have the potential to be developed in clusters, namely: industrial tempe / tofu soy: copra industry; industrial crackers, chips, dent and the like; industrial woven from rattan and bamboo instead of wood furniture as well as industry. Furthermore, in terms of business development, SMEs in Jambi Province showed relatively good progress, especially when seen from the development of production volume, revenue / turnover, product selling prices, raw material prices and profits. However, there are major obstacles in the development of the agro-industry is the future of SMEs, especially those related to the availability of raw materials, labor, market share and production equipment. Keywords: cluster,agro-indsutry,business development

Potensi Klaster Agroindustri Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Provinsi Jambi

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Junaidi

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The purpose of research is to 1. Analyzing the agro-industry group of SMEs that have the potential to be developed as an agro-industry clusters of SMEs in Jambi Province; (2. Analyze the various potentials, opportunities, barriers and challenges in the development of agro-industry SMEs in Jambi Province. The data used consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected from experts and stakeholders associated with agro-industry and agro-industry businesses. Collecting data using a structured questionnaire and interview. Secondary data sourced from related institutions / organizations at the national, provincial, district and sub-district. To identify and analyze the potential for agro-industry SME cluster development is done with consideration of the number of business units and discussions with the experts to get the cluster potential agro-industry group. Furthermore, to analyze the potential, opportunities, barriers and challenges of development of agro-industry cluster analyzed descriptively based on surveys and direct observation in the agro-industry businesses that have the potential clusters in Jambi Province. . The analysis was done by descriptive against internal and external conditions of SMEs. The results found that there are five groups of agroindustrial SMEs that have the potential to be developed in clusters, namely: industrial tempe / tofu soy: copra industry; industrial crackers, chips, dent and the like; industrial woven from rattan and bamboo instead of wood furniture as well as industry. Furthermore, in terms of business development, SMEs in Jambi Province showed relatively good progress, especially when seen from the development of production volume, revenue / turnover, product selling prices, raw material prices and profits. However, there are major obstacles in the development of the agro-industry is the future of SMEs, especially those related to the availability of raw materials, labor, market share and production equipment.

PENGUATAN KAPASITAS KLASTER USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH: KASUS DI SERENAN, KLATEN

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Fereshti N. D.

2008-06-01

Full Text Available This study aims at examining a basic and optimal strategy for strengthening an export-based UKM cluster at Serenan Klaten. This research sample is UKM bases on export in Serenan, Klaten. Reason of location choice in Serenan because Serenan has been specified to become one of UKM cluster to base on export by government. It used a qualitative approach with the identification of the export-based UKM’s characteristics. This included firm size, asset, planning, marketing, personnel, value of access to information and performance. In this research applied SWOT analysis to formulate strategy develops UKM in Serenan Klaten. There are seven strategies formulated to develop UKM in Serenan Klaten

Spesialisasi Kegiatan Produksi dan Kemitraan Subkontrak pada Klaster Batik Kota Pekalongan

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Aulia Dwi Zulhida

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Pekalongan City is known as the batik city. Thus it has the city branding as "Pekalongan World's City of Batik." This branding is a result of people’s daily activity related to batik. Pekalongan has 860 batik industries in 2013 and have the specialization in the production activities and subcontracting partnerships. Most of the batik industries do not do the production process entirely by themselves, but by joining to the other industries with a particular specialization. This study aims to determine the specialization of production activities and subcontracting partnership in Pekalongan batik cluster. The results of this study show that there is a majority of ‘batik cap’ industries that is equal to 82% of the total industries in Pekalongan. The specializations consist of making the batik, convection, and making of the canting. These specializations are geographically grouped into a center due to the endowment factors such as labors, land, and infrastructures. Specialization of production activities also leads to partnership subcontracting in the batik cluster, which is known by a factor of specialty subcontracting. The subcontracting partnership gives negative and positive impacts, such as the reliance between the subcontractor and the principal, efficiency of production factors, and cost efficiency.

D-klaster: kodaniku- ja keeleoskuse mõõtmes lõimunud / Marianna Drozdova

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Drozdova, Marianna, 1981-

2013-01-01

Uuringu käigus tehtud klasteranalüüsi põhjal keskmisest kõrgema enesehinnangulise keeleoskuse ja eestikeelse meedia jälgimise ning kodanikuidentiteediga, kuid nõrgema huviga sisepoliitika vastu ja madala osalemisaktiivsusega Eesti venekeelsest elanikkonnast moodustunud D-klastriga läbi viidud rühmaintervjuudel rajaneva analüüsi tulemustest

C-klaster: keeleoskuse ja osaluse mõõtmes lõimunud / Maaris Raudsepp

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Raudsepp, Maaris, 1955-

2013-01-01

Uuringu käigus tehtud klasteranalüüsi põhjal hea eesti keele oskuse ja aktiivse osalusega, kuid nõrga kodanikuidentiteediga Eesti venekeelsest elanikkonnast moodustunud C-klastriga läbi viidud rühmaintervjuudel rajaneva analüüsi tulemustest

Number needed to treat and costs per responder among biologic treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Imafuku, Shinichi; Nakano, Ataru; Dakeshita, Hidetoshi; Li, Junlong; Betts, Keith A; Guerin, Annie

2018-02-01

Biologics have been shown to improve the outcomes of patients with psoriasis but their cost is an issue. Determine the number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve a 75%/90% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI-75/90) and evaluate the incremental cost per PASI-75/90 responder (CPR) relative to placebo in Japan. A network meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the relative probabilities of achieving PASI-75/90 and NNTs. Drug costs were assessed based on Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency-approved dosing. The CPR was estimated for a short-term induction period and first year of treatment. Compared with placebo, the PASI-75 NNT was 1.27 for adalimumab 80 mg, 1.29 for secukinumab 150 mg, 1.36 for secukinumab 300 mg, 1.57 for adalimumab 40 mg, 1.68 for ustekinumab 90 mg, 1.97 for ustekinumab 45 mg and 2.00 for infliximab 5 mg/kg. The short-term PASI-75 CPR relative to placebo was $5,062 for secukinumab 150 mg, $8209 for adalimumab 40 mg, $10,654 for secukinumab 300 mg, $11,754 for adalimumab 80 mg, $15,407 for ustekinumab 45 mg, $19,147 for infliximab 5 mg/kg and $26,257 for ustekinumab 90 mg. A similar ranking was observed for one-year PASI-75 CPRs and PASI-90 NNTs and CPRs. Adalimumab 40 mg/80 mg and secukinumab 150 mg/300 mg were the most efficacious and cost-efficient for patients with psoriasis in Japan.

Menggali Filsafat Wayang Beber untuk Mendukung Perkembangan Industri Kreatif Batik Pacitan

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Suyanto -

2017-03-01

  Artikel ini berjudul “Menggali Filsafat Wayang Beber untuk Mendukung Perkembangan Industri Kreatif Batik Pacitan” Ini merupakan perasan dari hasil penelitian  pada tahun kedua.    Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana kondisi Wayang Beber Pacitan hubungannya dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan  ekonomi dan industri, serta perannya sebagai media penguatan kearifan lokal dan upaya peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat  Pacitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan action research melalui empat tahapan: menentukan fokus, pengumpulan data,  analisis dan interpretasi data, serta tindakan lapangan. Metode yang dilakukan melalui tahap pengkajian, perancangan, sosialisasi, pendampingan dan pelatihan, produksi, serta  Launching. Hasil penelitian tahun kedua ini menjadi acuan penelitian tahun ketiga untuk: desiminasi draft corporate identity branding panduan ekowisata kampung batik dan draft modul pelatihan perancangan desain motif batik yang diperuntukkan bagi pengrajin klaster industri batik Pacitan sehingga mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat Kabupaten Pacitan.    Kata Kunci: Filsafat, Wayang Beber, Motif Batik Pacitan.

Hormone therapy and radiotherapy for early prostate cancer: A utility-adjusted number needed to treat (NNT) analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jani, Ashesh B.; Kao, Johnny; Heimann, Ruth; Hellman, Samuel

2005-01-01

Purpose: To quantify, using the number needed to treat (NNT) methodology, the benefit of short-term (≤6 months) hormone therapy adjuvant to radiotherapy in the group of patients with early (clinical stage T1-T2c) prostate cancer. Methods and materials: The absolute biochemical control benefit for the use of hormones adjuvant to radiotherapy in early-stage disease was determined by literature review. A model was developed to estimate the utility-adjusted survival detriment due to the side effects of hormone therapy. The NNTs before and after the incorporation of hormone sequelae were computed; the sign and magnitude of the NNTs were used to gauge the effect of the hormones. Results: The absolute NNT analysis, based on summarizing the results of 8 reports including a total of 3652 patients, demonstrated an advantage to the addition of hormones for the general early-stage prostate cancer population as well as for all prognostic groups. After adjustment for hormone-induced functional loss, the advantage of hormones remained considerable in the high- and intermediate-risk groups, with the utility-adjusted NNT becoming weakened in the low-risk group when the utility compromise from complications of hormones was assumed to be considerable. Conclusions: Short-term hormone therapy seems to be beneficial for selected early-stage prostate cancer patients. The advantage seems to be greatest in the intermediate- and high-risk groups; with current follow-up, the side effects of hormones may outweigh their benefit in certain clinical situations in the favorable group. The present investigation demonstrates the significant role of the NNT technique for oncologic and radiotherapeutic management decisions when treatment complications need to be considered and balanced with the beneficial effects of the treatment

ANALISIS ATRIBUT-ATRIBUT YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TELEPON RUMAH (FIXED WIRELINE MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN (STUDI KASUS DI PT. TELKOM KANDATEL SEMARANG

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Diana Puspita Sari

2012-02-01

Full Text Available PT Telkom memiliki misi untuk memberikan layanan One Stop Infocom dengan kualitas prima dan harga kompetitif. Kenyataannya, PT. Telkom Kandatel Semarang mengalami penurunan pendapatan. Semakin berkembangnya layanan jasa fixed wireless yang lebih mudah dan murah, menyebabkan penurunan pemakaian jasa fixed wireline. Dengan konsumen melakukan pembelian pertama pada suatu produk tertentu dengan harga terjangkau, kualitas terjamin, maka konsumen akan kembali membeli produk tersebut, dan dampaknya dari fenomena ini adalah kepuasan pelanggan (customer satisfaction terhadap produk tertentu karena telah memberikan kepuasan dan terjaminnya kualitas, walaupun banyak pesaing lain.  Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini membahas dan melakukan analisis kepuasan pelanggan fixed wireline PT. Telkom Kandatel Semarang, menggunakan variabel kepuasan pelanggan untuk dikelompokkan menjadi tiga tingkatan yaitu pelanggan yang sangat puas, puas, dan tidak puas dengan menggunakan analisis klaster, kemudian dilakukan analisis variabel 4P Customer Relationship Management (CRM menggunakan analisis diskriminan, sehingga diketahui atribut yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan pelanggan agar PT. Telkom Kandatel Semarang dapat terus mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dengan berusaha memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan dengan maksud kepuasan pelanggan tidak menurun agar dapat meningkatkan intensitas pemakaian fixed wireline. Kata kunci : analisis klaster, analisis diskriminan, kepuasan pelanggan, fixed wireline      PT Telkom has a mission to provide a One Stop Infocom services with excellent quality and competitive price. In fact, PT. Telkom Semarang Kandatel income decreased. The growing fixed wireless service is easier and cheaper, causes a decrease in the use of fixed wireline services.With the first consumer purchase a given product at an affordable price, guaranteed quality, then consumers will buy the product again, and the impact of this phenomenon is

Data Validation and Summary for the NRL Remote Sensing Experiment: Phelps Bank, July, 1982. Part 2. Meteorology.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-08-26

Direction 1, Starboard 16 6 WS2 Wind Speed 2, Port 18 7 WD2 Wi nd Di recti on 2, Port 20 8 TD Thermosalinograph Temperature 22 9 CS...8217^!^;**; -^ •*;?*; RncinnnK f*j^-^"*;?-;Bc^3 r*^- NNNNNNNNpsNNts.NCSNNSNCsN{sNC>.M>NJsN s-^-r. Xw^^w-^=!>^*>C — «C • flj P5 •« r«’ = r,> = NXs> i; ’• • Ms — p...8217« * fy {y pi flj j»^ oj gy gy ^j jy fy f»vi JVJ fy fy fy pfc ft; p^ fJ c»j pj fy nj jy p_ ^ ftj pj ^j rtj nj pj gy J1.’ PJ K ••? "! fl fl :f

Pola Pemanfaatan Ruang pada Usaha Berbasis Rumah (UBR di Klaster Batik Jenggot Kota Pekalongan

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Arisngatiasih Arisngatiasih

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Housing has an important role in the economic development of the family. Besides has a function as a comfortable dwelling unit, the housing also used as a place to business activity through the Home Based Enterprises (HBE. Pekalongan City is the city where batik industries are growing rapidly. Cluster Batik Jenggot is the top three of batik clusters from 11 batik clusters in Pekalongan City. HBE is enterprises activities that highly contribute to the economic structure of Pekalongan City. However, HBE at Cluster Batik Jenggot is faced with the problems that the house used as a place of enterprises and dwelling has not clearly border. The aim of this research is to examine the pattern of utilization of space at HBE in Cluster Batik Jenggot. The study is conducted by qualitative research methods. Technique sampling is using snowball sampling to 9 respondents. The analysis is done by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the pattern of space utilization at home for batik printing activities is classified into two typologies, i.e. mixture and separate typology. In the mixture typology, the utilization of space in the main building is both for a place to work and residence, which printing activity usually is done on the outside of the house. While in the separate typology, the working space is provided separately, which usually provided in the beside, behind, and in front of the main building. The utilization of spaces at UBR is adjusted to the type and timing of activity.

Desain Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Industri Pengolahan Makanan Ringan Berbasis Klaster di Sumatera Barat

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Insannul Kamil

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Food processing industries have grown in the region of West Sumatra since a few decades ago. The processing of various types of food recipes from various West Sumatra region comes from inheritance hereditary. Snack is a processed food product that has a special attraction among various types of distinctive food from West Sumatra. Increasing competitiveness is necessary to accelerate the growth of small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatera. Industrial cluster development is one of the strategic and effective approaches to achieve that objective. The research aims to design value chain and industrial cluster map model of small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatra. Industrial cluster mapping carried through: defining the value chain, a grouping of factors influence the level of internal and external factors, factors condition processing, grouping factor conditions into the four elements of SWOT, strategy planning using SWOT Matrix, and creating industrial cluster map of snacks industries in West Sumatra. The results showed that there are 7 internal factors and 6 external factors that can influence the competitiveness of small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatra. The value chain of snack industry in West Sumatra includes tuber farmers, traditional market, special suppliers, small and medium snacks industries, and consumers. The study also generates 10 programs centered on small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatra as a core industry.

Mapping of leptospirosis risk factor based on remote sensing image in Tembalang, Semarang City, Central Java

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Sunaryo Sunaryo

2012-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakLatar belakang: Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri leptospira dan menular kepada manusia melalui kontak dengan urine hewan dan lingkungan yang terkontaminasi bakteri leptospira. Kecamatan Tembalang merupakan daerah endemis leptospirosis selama tiga tahun terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji kegunaan citra penginderaan jauh untuk pemetaan faktor risiko lingkungan leptospirosis.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan cara potong lintang, subyek sebanyak 246 dipetakan dengan GPS. Dengan program ArcGis 9.2 kasus leptospirosis ditumpang susun dengan citra Quickbird, kemudian dilakukan interpretasi kenampakan visual, dan dilakukan digitasi layar untuk identifi kasi faktor risiko secara visual.Hasil: Berdasarkan visualisasi digital diperoleh data bahwa kasus leptospirosis tahun 2009 terbanyak tersebar membentuk klaster di wilayah Tembalang dengan indeks jarak terdekat 0,009 km, sedangkan indeks jarak terjauh 18 km. Kasus lebih banyak ditemukan pada anak-anak dan remaja laki-laki, secara temporal kasus meningkat pada musim kemarau, antara bulan Juli dan Agustus. Hasil interpretasi visual dan digitasi diperoleh peta penggunaan lahan, badan air, pemukiman, area luasan banjir, kerapatan vegetasi dan ketinggian tempat.Kesimpulan: Citra penginderaan jauh resolusi spasial tinggi sangat baik untuk pemetaan faktor risiko leptospirosis. Sebaran kasus leptospirosis membentuk klaster di wilayah Tembalang, kasus didominasi anakanakdan remaja laki-laki. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:45-50Kata kunci: citra penginderaan jauh, leptospirosis, Tembalang AbstractBackground: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by leptospira bacteria and transmitted to human by contact though contaminated animal urine and environment. Tembalang Sub District is endemic area ofleptospirosis and increased at last three years. The aim of this research was to study the ability and usefulness of image remote sensing for mapping as distribution

Single dose oral ketoprofen and dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults.

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Barden, Jodie; Derry, Sheena; McQuay, Henry J; Moore, R Andrew

2009-10-07

Ketoprofen is a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat acute and chronic painful conditions. Dexketoprofen is the (S)-enantiomer, which is believed to confer analgesia. Theoretically dexketoprofen is expected to provide equivalent analgesia to ketoprofen at half the dose, with a consequent reduction in gastrointestinal adverse events. To assess efficacy, duration of action, and associated adverse events of single dose oral ketoprofen and dexketoprofen in acute postoperative pain in adults. We searched Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Oxford Pain Relief Database for studies to August 2009. Randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trials of single dose orally administered ketoprofen and dexketoprofen in adults with moderate to severe acute postoperative pain. Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Pain relief or pain intensity data were extracted and converted into the dichotomous outcome of number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 to 6 hours, from which relative risk and number-needed-to-treat-to-benefit (NNT) were calculated. Numbers of participants using rescue medication over specified time periods, and time to use of rescue medication, were sought as additional measures of efficacy. Information on adverse events and withdrawals was collected. Fourteen studies compared ketoprofen (968 participants) at mainly 25 mg and 50 mg with placebo (520 participants). Seven studies compared dexketoprofen (681 participants) at mainly 10 mg to 25 mg with placebo (289 participants). Studies were of adequate reporting quality, and participants had pain following dental, orthopaedic, obstetric, gynaecological and general surgery. There was considerable clinical heterogeneity between studies in dental and other types of surgery, particularly bunionectomy, which limited analysis.Ketoprofen at doses between 12.5 mg and 100 mg produced NNTs for at least 50% pain relief over 4 to 6

SURVAI DASAR GIZI DAN KESEHATAN DI WILAYAH KERJA WORLD VISION INDONESIA DAN WAHANA VISI INDONESIA DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE

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Lindawati Wibowo

2012-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThis survey was conducted to estimate levels of health and nutrition problems as well as the associated factorsamong under-five children in the Area Development Program of World Vision Indonesia and Wahana Visi Indonesia in Merauke district. As many as 30 Posyandus were randomly selected as the cluster units where the information was collected among children U-5 and their mothers (n=542. From this survey we estimated the prevalence of underweight, stunted, wasted, and anemic children were 11.7%, 21.0%, 7.5%, and 73.7% respectively. It was assumed that these nutritional problems were associated with several factors such as: family income, mother’s literacy, knowledge and practices of mothers on health and nutrition, as well as the existing nutrition and health program implementation. This survey concluded that the nutrition problems in the study site were categorized as a public health concern. Thus, as the recommendations, two strategies to alleviate the local nutrition and health problems were proposed: direct and indirect. The direct approach is mainly focus on the improvement of existing nutrition and health programs (i.e. GMP, high dose vitamin A program, promotion of proper child feeding, etc. implementation. Prior to that, a health system review must be carried out to identify the presence and functioning of the essential system components. Indirectly, a program need also to be carried out through multisectoral and community participation based on the government’s leadership for the sake of alleviating poverty and illiteracy as the major underlying factors of malnutrition.Key words: malnutrition, children underfive years, anemia, quality of heath service, MeraukeABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai besaran masalah gizi dan kesehatan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinyadi wilayah kerja World Vision Indonesia dan Wahana Visi Indonesia di Merauke. Sebanyak 30 posyandu dipilih acak sebagai unit klaster. Pengumpulan

Atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorder: systematic review of randomised trials

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Moore R Andrew

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly used for treatment of mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and considered to have fewer extrapyramidal effects than older antipsychotics. Methods We examined efficacy in randomised trials of bipolar disorder where the presenting episode was either depression, or manic/mixed, comparing atypical antipsychotic with placebo or active comparator, examined withdrawals for any cause, or due to lack of efficacy or adverse events, and combined all phases for adverse event analysis. Studies were found through systematic search (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and data combined for analysis where there was clinical homogeneity, with especial reference to trial duration. Results In five trials (2,206 patients participants presented with a depressive episode, and in 25 trials (6,174 patients the presenting episode was manic or mixed. In 8-week studies presenting with depression, quetiapine and olanzapine produced significantly better rates of response and symptomatic remission than placebo, with NNTs of 5–6, but more adverse event withdrawals (NNH 12. With mania or mixed presentation atypical antipsychotics produced significantly better rates of response and symptomatic remission than placebo, with NNTs of about 5 up to six weeks, and 4 at 6–12 weeks, but more adverse event withdrawals (NNH of about 22 in studies of 6–12 weeks. In comparisons with established treatments, atypical antipsychotics had similar efficacy, but significantly fewer adverse event withdrawals (NNT to prevent one withdrawal about 10. In maintenance trials atypical antipsychotics had significantly fewer relapses to depression or mania than placebo or active comparator. In placebo-controlled trials, atypical antipsychotics were associated with higher rates of weight gain of ≥7% (mainly olanzapine trials, somnolence, and extrapyramidal symptoms. In active controlled trials, atypical antipsychotics

Pemanfaatan E-journal oleh Mahasiswa: Kajian Analisis Sitasi Terhadap Tesis Mahasiswa Klaster Saintek Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purwani Istiana

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Universitas Gadjah Mada Library provides various information resources either in printed or electronic formats. The Library has subscribed to electronic information resources in the form of ejournal databases. The availability and utilization of these resources need to be evaluated. This study is a citation analysis of theses of the students from science and technology cluster of Universitas Gadjah Mada in 2015. It is aimed at identifying: 1 types of information resources used by the students in thesis writing, 2intensity of the utilization of e-journal information resources by the students, and 3 the availability of the required information in the databases subscribed by UGM Library. The object of the study consisted of 7,925 citation derived from 222 theses of the students from science and technology cluster UGM. Data were obtained from documentation. This study used citation analysis to analyze all citations. The result of the study showed types of information resources used by the students in thesis writing were books, journals, theses, websites, proceedings, government regulations/acts, others (maps, learning materials, guides to laboratory practice, research reports and dissertations and papers. Books were information resources mostly used. Journals utilized in thesis writing comprised as much as 25% (1,997 citations and 84% (1,685 citations of the journals were English. As many as 1,078 citations (64% were available and 607 citations (36% unavailable in the journals subscribed by UGM Library.

ADAPTIVE CLUSTER BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK IN DISASTER AREA

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Enrico Budianto

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In post-disaster rehabilitation efforts, the availability of telecommunication facilities takes important role. However, the process to improve telecommunication facilities in disaster area is risky if it is done by humans. Therefore, a network method that can work efficiently, effectively, and capable to reach the widest possible area is needed. This research introduces a cluster-based routing protocol named Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol (ACBRP equipped by Ant Colony Optimization method, and its implementation in a simulator developed by author. After data analysis and statistical tests, it can be concluded that routing protocol ACBRP performs better than AODV and DSR routing protocol. Pada upaya rehabilitasi pascabencana, ketersediaan fasilitas telekomunikasi memiliki peranan yang sangat penting. Namun, proses untuk memperbaiki fasilitas telekomunikasi di daerah bencana memiliki resiko jika dilakukan oleh manusia. Oleh karena itu, metode jaringan yang dapat bekerja secara efisien, efektif, dan mampu mencapai area seluas mungkin diperlukan. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan sebuah protokol routing berbasis klaster bernama Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol (ACBRP, yang dilengkapi dengan metode Ant Colony Optimization, dan diimplementasikan pada simulator yang dikembangkan penulis. Setelah data dianalisis dan dilakukan uji statistik, disimpulkan bahwa protokol routing ACBRP beroperasi lebih baik daripada protokol routing AODV maupun DSR.

Analisis Potensi Daerah Melalui Metode Document Clustering Laporan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata-Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

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Dyah Mustika

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Kuliah Kerja Nyata Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (KKN-PPM adalah salah satu bentuk pengabdian UGM yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswanya kepada masyarakat secara langsung. Selama melaksanakan KKN, mahasiswa menyusun dan melaksanakan program kegiatan yang berguna bagi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Setelah selesai, mahasiswa diwajibkan membuat laporan tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan. Dokumen laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan KKN yang terkumpul sudah sangat banyak tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Laporan ini sebenarnya dapat menjadi sebuah sumber infromasi. Salah satu informasi yang bisa digali dari dokumen laporan tersebut adalah informasi tentang potensi daerah lokasi KKN. Penambangan informasi dari dokumen dapat dilakukan dengan text mining. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambang informasi tentang potensi daerah dari dokumen laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan KKN-PPM menggunakan salah satu metode pada text mining, yaitu document clustering. Clustering dilakukan dengan dua pendekatan yaitu, STC dan LINGO, menggunakan Carrot2 Workbench. Penggunaan dua algoritma ini dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh perbandingan algoritma yang memberikan hasil lebih baik dalam penggambaran potensi daerah lokasi KKN-PPM UGM. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma LINGO lebih baik dalam memberikan gambaran tentang potensi daerah dibandingkan algoritma STC. LINGO memunculkan label klaster yang bertema potensi daerah lebih banyak dibanding STC. Dari evaluasi pada penelitian ini, LINGO menghasilkan nilai F-Measure 70%, dua kali lebih tinggi daripada STC yang hanya 33%. Kata Kunci— KKN-PPM UGM, document clustering, STC, LINGO, Carrot2

NMR and NQR study of Si-doped (6,0) zigzag single-walled aluminum nitride nanotube as n or P-semiconductors.

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Baei, Mohammad T; Peyghan, Ali Ahmadi; Tavakoli, Khadijeh; Babaheydari, Ali Kazemi; Moghimi, Masoumeh

2012-09-01

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the electronic structure properties of pristine and Si-doped aluminum nitride nanotubes as n or P-semiconductors at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory in order to evaluate the influence of Si-doped in the (6,0) zigzag AlNNTs. We extended the DFT calculation to predict the electronic structure properties of Si-doped aluminum nitride nanotubes, which are very important for production of solid-state devices and other applications. To this aim, pristine and Si-doped AlNNT structures in two models (Si(N) and Si(Al)) were optimized, and then the electronic properties, the isotropic (CS(I)) and anisotropic (CS(A)) chemical shielding parameters for the sites of various (27)Al and (14)N atoms, NQR parameters for the sites of various of (27)Al and (14)N atoms, and quantum molecular descriptors were calculated in the optimized structures. The optimized structures, the electronic properties, NMR and NQR parameters, and quantum molecular descriptors for the Si(N) and Si(Al) models show that the Si(N) model is a more reactive material than the pristine or Si(Al) model.

Assessing neurosurgical non-technical skills: an exploratory study of a new behavioural marker system.

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Michinov, Estelle; Jamet, Eric; Dodeler, Virginie; Haegelen, Claire; Jannin, Pierre

2014-10-01

The management of non-technical skills is a major factor affecting teamwork quality and patient safety. This article presents a behavioural marker system for assessing neurosurgical non-technical skills (BMS-NNTS). We tested the BMS during deep brain stimulation surgery. We developed the BMS in three stages. First, we drew up a provisional assessment tool based on the literature and observation tools developed for other surgical specialties. We then analysed videos made in an operating room (OR) during deep brain stimulation operations in order to ensure there were no significant omissions from the skills list. Finally, we used five videos of operations to identify the behavioural markers of non-technical skills in verbal communications. Analyses of more than six hours of observations revealed 3515 behaviours from which we determined the neurosurgeon's non-technical skills behaviour pattern. The neurosurgeon frequently engaged in explicit coordination, situation awareness and leadership behaviours. In addition, the neurosurgeon's behaviours differed according to the stage of the operation and the OR staff members with whom she was communicating. Our behavioural marker system provides a structured approach to assessing non-technical skills in the field of neurosurgery. It can also be transferred to other surgical specialties and used in surgeon training curricula. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

USULAN STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING PRODUK MEBEL ROTAN SINGLE CHAIR DENGAN ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI (Studi Kasus : Klaster Mebel Rotan Kab. Cirebon

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Ary Arvianto

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Industri mebel rotan merupakan salah satu andalan sektor industri di Indonesia dimana sentra pengolahan rotan terbesar adalah di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala dalam industri mebel rotan di Cirebon ini diantaranya semakin ketatnya persaingan antar produsen dunia dan kebijakan pemerintah memperbolehkan ekspor rotan yang menyebabkan keuntungan di pihak negara pesaing Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu strategi untuk meningkatkan daya saing  produk rotan di pasar dunia. Strategi ini dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan analisis value chain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis rantai nilai produk mebel rotan dan mendapatkan strategi kompetitif yang tepat untuk diterapkan oleh setiap pelaku rantai nilai. Metode yang dilakukan adalah analisis finansial, analisis SWOT, analisis Competitiveness Diamond, dan analisis Critical Success Factor (CSF. Objek penelitian adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang merupakan anggota dari Asosiasi Pengusaha Mebel Indonesia (ASMINDO Cirebon yang memproduksi mebel rotan single chair. Dari hasil pengolahan data dan analisis diperoleh hasil bahwa strategi yang dapat diterapkan di pihak supplier dalam hal ini pengumpul adalah mendirikan anak perusahaan di tempat tersedia bahan baku dan melakukan merger dengan perusahaan. Strategi yang dapat diterapkan di pihak perusahaan adalah menerapkan upah tenaga kerja per unit produk yang dihasilkan, pengalokasian dana untuk promosi, memprioritaskan buyer langganan, sharing informasi dan inovasi dengan buyer, memiliki fleksibilitas yang tinggi dalam hal kualitas dan harga, bekerjasama dengan asosiasi dan pemerintah dalam kegiatan pameran, dan melakukan merger dengan perusahaan lain ataupun dengan supplier. Sedangkan strategi yang dapat diterapkan di pihak buyer dalam hal ini wholeseller adalah menurunkan harga produk, memaksimalkan promosi dan menjaga hubungan baik dengan perusahaan yang sudah menjadi kepercayaan. Kata Kunci: mebel rotan, value chain, strategi, ASMINDO Cirebon Abstract Rattan furniture industry become one of the leading sector in Indonesia where the biggest rattan processing center palced in Cirebon,West Java. However, there are some constraints in rattan furniture industry in Cirebon which include the increasing of competition among global manufacturers and the government policy that allowed rattan export lead to profits in the competing countries.Therefore, we need a strategy to enhance the competitiveness of rattan products in world markets. This strategy can be obtained by analyzing the value chain. The purposes of this study are to analyze the value chain of rattan furniture products and get the appropriate competitive strategy to be implemented by each actor within value chain. The method is carried out financial analysis, SWOT analysis, Diamond Competitiveness analysis, and analysis of Critical Success Factor (CSF. Object of research are companies which are members of the Association of Indonesian Furniture (ASMINDO Cirebon that produced single chair rattan. From the results of data processing and analysis, the strategies that can be applied in suppliers are to establish a subsidiary in the available raw materials and merged with the company. The strategies that can be applied in the company are applying its labor costs per unit of product produced, the allocation of funds for promotion, buyers prioritize subscriptions, sharing information and innovation with the buyer, has a high flexibility in terms of quality and price, collaborate with associations and government in exhibitions, and merged with another company or with suppliers. While strategies that can be applied in buyer in this case wholeseller are to lower the price of the product, maximize promotion and maintaining good relationships with companies that already trusted Keywords: rattan furniture, value chain, strategy, ASMINDO Cirebon

Microcantilever technology for law enforcement and anti-terrorism applications: chemical, biological, and explosive material detection

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Adams, J. D.; Rogers, B.; Whitten, R.

2005-05-01

The remarkable sensitivity, compactness, low cost, low power-consumption, scalability, and versatility of microcantilever sensors make this technology among the most promising solutions for detection of chemical and biological agents, as well as explosives. The University of Nevada, Reno, and Nevada Nanotech Systems, Inc (NNTS) are currently developing a microcantilever-based detection system that will measure trace concentrations of explosives, toxic chemicals, and biological agents in air. A baseline sensor unit design that includes the sensor array, electronics, power supply and air handling has been created and preliminary demonstrations of the microcantilever platform have been conducted. The envisioned device would measure about two cubic inches, run on a small watch battery and cost a few hundred dollars. The device could be operated by untrained law enforcement personnel. Microcantilever-based devices could be used to "sniff out" illegal and/or hazardous chemical and biological agents in high traffic public areas, or be packaged as a compact, low-power system used to monitor cargo in shipping containers. Among the best detectors for such applications at present is the dog, an animal which is expensive, requires significant training and can only be made to work for limited time periods. The public is already accustomed to explosives and metal detection systems in airports and other public venues, making the integration of the proposed device into such security protocols straightforward.

Number needed to treat and costs per responder among biologic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a network meta-analysis.

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Armstrong, April W; Betts, Keith A; Signorovitch, James E; Sundaram, Murali; Li, Junlong; Ganguli, Arijit X; Wu, Eric Q

2018-04-23

The clinical benefits of biologic therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis are well established, but wide variations exist in patient response. To determine the number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve a 75% and 90% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI-75/90) with FDA-approved agents and evaluate the incremental cost per PASI-75 or PASI-90 responder. The relative probabilities of achieving PASI-75 and PASI-90, as well as NNTs, were estimated using a network meta-analysis. Costs (2017 USD) included drug acquisition and administration. The incremental cost per PASI-75 or PASI-90 responder for each treatment was estimated for the clinical trial period, and annually. Compared with supportive care, the NNT to achieve PASI-75 was 1.18 for ixekizumab, 1.29 for secukinumab 300 mg, 1.37 for infliximab, 1.48 for adalimumab, 1.53 for secukinumab 150 mg, 1.58 for ustekinumab, 2.25 for etanercept, and 3.71 for apremilast. The one-year incremental cost per PASI-75 responder relative to supportive care was $59,830 for infliximab, $88,775 for secukinumab 300 mg, $91,837 for adalimumab, $95,898 for ixekizumab, $97,363 for ustekinumab, $105,131 for secukinumab 150 mg, $129,665 for apremilast, and $159,328 for etanercept. Results were similar for PASI-90. The NNT and incremental cost per responder are meaningful ways to assess comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness among psoriasis treatments.

Postoperative ileus-related morbidity profile in patients treated with alvimopan after bowel resection.

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Wolff, Bruce G; Weese, James L; Ludwig, Kirk A; Delaney, Conor P; Stamos, Michael J; Michelassi, Fabrizio; Du, Wei; Techner, Lee

2007-04-01

Postoperative ileus (POI), an interruption of coordinated bowel motility after operation, is exacerbated by opioids used to manage pain. Alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, accelerated gastrointestinal (GI) recovery after bowel resection in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III POI trials. The effect of alvimopan on POI-related morbidity for patients who underwent bowel resection was evaluated in a post-hoc analysis. Incidence of POI-related postoperative morbidity (postoperative nasogastric tube insertion or POI-related prolonged hospital stay or readmission) was analyzed in four North American trials for placebo or alvimopan 12 mg administered 30 minutes or more preoperatively and twice daily postoperatively until hospital discharge (7 or fewer postoperative days). GI-related adverse events and opioid consumption were summarized for each treatment. Estimations of odds ratios of alvimopan to placebo and number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one patient from experiencing an event of POI-related morbidity were derived from the analysis. Patients receiving alvimopan 12 mg were less likely to experience POI-related morbidity than patients receiving placebo (odds ratio = 0.44, p POI-related morbidity. There was a lower incidence of postoperative nasogastric tube insertion, and other GI-related adverse events on postoperative days 3 to 6 in the alvimopan group than the placebo group. Opioid consumption was comparable between groups. Alvimopan 12 mg was associated with reduced POI-related morbidity compared with placebo, without compromising opioid-based analgesia in patients undergoing bowel resection. Relatively low NNTs are clinically meaningful and reinforce the potential benefits of alvimopan for the patient and health care system.

Low-dose vaporized cannabis significantly improves neuropathic pain.

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Wilsey, Barth; Marcotte, Thomas; Deutsch, Reena; Gouaux, Ben; Sakai, Staci; Donaghe, Haylee

2013-02-01

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluating the analgesic efficacy of vaporized cannabis in subjects, the majority of whom were experiencing neuropathic pain despite traditional treatment. Thirty-nine patients with central and peripheral neuropathic pain underwent a standardized procedure for inhaling medium-dose (3.53%), low-dose (1.29%), or placebo cannabis with the primary outcome being visual analog scale pain intensity. Psychoactive side effects and neuropsychological performance were also evaluated. Mixed-effects regression models demonstrated an analgesic response to vaporized cannabis. There was no significant difference between the 2 active dose groups' results (P > .7). The number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve 30% pain reduction was 3.2 for placebo versus low-dose, 2.9 for placebo versus medium-dose, and 25 for medium- versus low-dose. As these NNTs are comparable to those of traditional neuropathic pain medications, cannabis has analgesic efficacy with the low dose being as effective a pain reliever as the medium dose. Psychoactive effects were minimal and well tolerated, and neuropsychological effects were of limited duration and readily reversible within 1 to 2 hours. Vaporized cannabis, even at low doses, may present an effective option for patients with treatment-resistant neuropathic pain. The analgesia obtained from a low dose of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (1.29%) in patients, most of whom were experiencing neuropathic pain despite conventional treatments, is a clinically significant outcome. In general, the effect sizes on cognitive testing were consistent with this minimal dose. As a result, one might not anticipate a significant impact on daily functioning. Published by Elsevier Inc.

What is the benefit of the biomedical and behavioral interventions in preventing HIV transmission?

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Ricardo Kuchenbecker

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTIntroduction:Scientific evidence supports the sinergy between biomedical and behavioral interventions aimed at preventing the transmission of HIV as a strategy to eradicate AIDS.Objective:To characterize comparatively the benefits from biomedical and behavioral interventions to prevent HIV transmission.Methods:Narrative review. We performed a comparative analysis of the benefits of studied interventions by means of estimating the number needed to treat (NNT. Evaluated interventions: counseling activities for behavior change to prevent exposure to HIV; antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and antiretroviral post-exposure prophylasis (PEP for HIV and treatment of serodiscordant couples as a strategy for prevention of HIV transmission (TasP.Results:counseling interventions and TasP have smaller NNTs, equal to, respectively, 11 (95%CI 9 - 18 at 12 months and 34 (95%CI 23 - 54 in 42 months comparatively to PrEP interventions, that resulted in 41 (95%CI 28 - 67 individuals receiving antiretrovirals in order to prevent one case of HIV infection at 36 months for men and serodiscordant couples. PEP interventions are associated with protective effects estimated at 81%. Lack of trials evaluating PEP prevents estimate of NNT.Conclusion:The estimate of the NNT can be a helpful parameter in the comparison between the effectiveness of different behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Studies evaluating the benefit and safety of combined behavioral and biomedical interventions are needed, especially considering the attributable fraction of each component. Integration of behavioral and biomedical interventions is required to achieve complete suppression of the virus, and thus reducing viral replication, infectivity and the number of cases.

An indirect comparison and cost per responder analysis of adalimumab, methotrexate and apremilast in the treatment of methotrexate-naïve patients with psoriatic arthritis.

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Betts, Keith A; Griffith, Jenny; Friedman, Alan; Zhou, Zheng-Yi; Signorovitch, James E; Ganguli, Arijit

2016-01-01

Apremilast was recently approved for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). However, no studies compare apremilast with methotrexate or biologic therapies, so its relative comparative efficacy remains unknown. This study compared the response rates and incremental costs per responder associated with methotrexate, apremilast, and biologics for the treatment of active PsA. A systematic literature review was performed to identify phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trials of approved biologics, methotrexate, and apremilast in the methotrexate-naïve PsA population. Using Bayesian methods, a network meta-analysis was conducted to indirectly compare rates of achieving a ≥20% improvement in American College of Rheumatology component scores (ACR20). The number needed to treat (NNT) and the incremental costs per ACR20 responder (2014 US$) relative to placebo were estimated for each of the therapies. Three trials (MIPA for methotrexate, PALACE-4 for apremilast, and ADEPT for adalimumab) met all inclusion criteria. The NNTs relative to placebo were 2.63 for adalimumab, 6.69 for apremilast, and 8.31 for methotrexate. Among methotrexate-naïve PsA patients, the 16 week incremental costs per ACR20 responder were $3622 for methotrexate, $26,316 for adalimumab, and $45,808 for apremilast. The incremental costs per ACR20 responder were $222,488 for apremilast vs. methotrexate. Among methotrexate-naive PsA patients, adalimumab was found to have the lowest NNT for one additional ACR20 response and methotrexate was found to have the lowest incremental costs per ACR20 responder. There was no statistical evidence of greater efficacy for apremilast vs. methotrexate. A head-to-head trial between apremilast and methotrexate is recommended to confirm this finding.

PEMETAAN MODEL KERAWANAN LEPTOSPIROSIS BERDASARKAN FAKTOR RISIKO LINGKUNGAN DAN TRAP SUCCESS DI BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

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Sunaryo Sunaryo

2016-09-01

kelompok laki-laki dewasa merupakan kelompok produktif sebagai petani dan pengelola ternak. Terdapat tiga klaster kasus dengan jarak terdekat antar kasus: 0 km dan terjauh30 km. Pola kasus leptospirosis terjadipada Bulan Maret dan April sesuai dengan pola curah hujanpada bulan tersebut. Spasial curah hujan sedang, dataran rendah, vegetasi sedang, jenis tanahalluvial, keberadaan tikus serta penggunaan lahan persawahan merupakan varibel lingkunganyang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis.Zona daerah rawan tinggi beradadi bagian Tengah dan Barat wilayah Bantul.Kata Kunci : Pemetaan, leptospirosis,model kerawanan

Number needed to treat and number needed to harm with paliperidone palmitate relative to long-acting haloperidol, bromperidol, and fluphenazine decanoate for treatment of patients with schizophrenia

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Srihari Gopal

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Srihari Gopal1, Joris Berwaerts1, Isaac Nuamah1, Kasem Akhras2, Danielle Coppola1, Ella Daly1, David Hough1, Joseph Palumbo11Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA; 2Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Services, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USABackground: We analyzed data retrieved through a PubMed search of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of first-generation antipsychotic long-acting injectables (haloperidol decanoate, bromperidol decanoate, and fluphenazine decanoate, and a company database of paliperidone palmitate, to compare the benefit-risk ratio in patients with schizophrenia.Methods: From the eight studies that met our selection criteria, two efficacy and six safety parameters were selected for calculation of number needed to treat (NNT, number needed to harm (NNH, and the likelihood of being helped or harmed (LHH using comparisons of active drug relative to placebo. NNTs for prevention of relapse ranged from 2 to 5 for paliperidone palmitate, haloperidol decanoate, and fluphenazine decanoate, indicating a moderate to large effect size.Results: Among the selected maintenance studies, NNH varied considerably, but indicated a lower likelihood of encountering extrapyramidal side effects, such as akathisia, tremor, and tardive dyskinesia, with paliperidone palmitate versus placebo than with first-generation antipsychotic depot agents versus placebo. This was further supported by an overall higher NNH for paliperidone palmitate versus placebo with respect to anticholinergic use and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale positive score. LHH for preventing relapse versus use of anticholinergics was 15 for paliperidone palmitate and 3 for fluphenazine decanoate, favoring paliperidone palmitate.Conclusion: Overall, paliperidone palmitate had a similar NNT and a more favorable NNH compared with the first-generation long-acting injectables assessed.Keywords: long-acting injectables, first-generation antipsychotics

Single dose oral ibuprofen plus paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute postoperative pain.

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Derry, Christopher J; Derry, Sheena; Moore, R Andrew

2013-06-24

participants for the comparison of ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg with placebo, and 359 participants for the comparison of ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg with ibuprofen 400 mg alone.The proportion of participants achieving at least 50% maximum pain relief over 6 hours was 69% with ibuprofen 200 mg + paracetamol 500 mg, 73% with ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg, and 7% with placebo, giving NNTs of 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) and 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7) for the lower and higher doses respectively compared with placebo. For ibuprofen 400 mg alone the proportion was 52%, giving an NNT for ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg compared with ibuprofen alone of 5.4 (3.5 to 12).Ibuprofen + paracetamol at the 200/500 mg and 400/1000 mg doses resulted in longer times to remedication than placebo. The median time to use of rescue medication was 7.6 hours for ibuprofen 200 mg + paracetamol 500 mg, 8.3 hours with ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg, and 1.7 hours with placebo. Fewer participants needed rescue medication with ibuprofen + paracetamol combination than with placebo or ibuprofen alone. The proportion was 34% with ibuprofen 200 mg + paracetamol 500 mg, 25% with ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg, and 79% with placebo, giving NNTs to prevent use of rescue medication of 2.2 (1.8 to 2.9) and 1.8 (1.6 to 2.2) respectively compared with placebo. The proportion of participants using rescue medication with ibuprofen 400 mg was 48%, giving an NNT to prevent use for ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg compared with ibuprofen alone of 4.3 (3.0 to 7.7).The proportion of participants experiencing one or more adverse events was 30% with ibuprofen 200 mg + paracetamol 500 mg, 29% with ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1000 mg, and 48% with placebo, giving NNT values in favour of the combination treatment of 5.4 (3.6 to 10.5) and 5.1 (3.5 to 9.5) for the lower and higher doses respectively. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the included studies. Withdrawals for

The Festuco-Brometea Grasslands on Sandstone and Marl-Clay-Sandstone Substrata in Tuscany (Northern-Central Italy

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Foggi Bruno

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Travišča v katerih prevladujeta vrsti Bromus erectus in/ali Brachypodium rupestre pokrivajo velike površine na podlagi iz peščenjaka in laporasto-glinastega peščenjaka (apnenec je izključen na Apeninih in območju pred njimi med provincama Pistoia in Arezzo (Toskana, srednja Italija. Naša raziskava je bila osredotočena na 71 neobjavljenih in 45 objavljenih vegetacijskih popisov iz Toskane in sosednjih območij. Originalni popisi opisujejo asociacije Astragalo monspessulani-Brometum erecti, Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti in Ononido masquillerii-Brometum erecti. Popise smo obdelali z multivariatno analizo s katero smo zaznali 9 skupin. Konsistenstnost skupin smo preverili s povprečjem NMDS proti Ellenberg/Pignatti indikatorskim vrednostim in CCA proti horotipom in rastnim oblikam. Diagnostične vrste posameznih skupin smo določili z navezanostjo vrst, ki temelji na φ koeficientu asociacije. Z analizo smo podatkovni niz razdelili na dva klastra; prvi (A vključuje nekaj popisov termofilne cenoze z nižje nadmorske višine, ki jih opišemo kot prehod med submediteranskim aspektom razreda Festuco-Brometea in drugih mediteranskih zeliščnih in grmiščnih razredov; drugi klaster (B pa vključuje večino podatkovnega niza in ga lahko členimo na pionirske, mezokserofilne (skupini B1 in B2a in mezofilne združbe (skupina B2b. Popise klastrov B1 in B2a uvrščamo v asociacijo Coronillo minimae-Astragaletum monspessulanii in tri druge skupine: združba Plantago argentea-Carex caryophyllea, združba Tragopogon samaritani-Bromus erectus in Festuco trachyphyllae-Brometum erecti ass. nova. Mezofilna skupina (B2b vključuje popise asociacij Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti in Ononido masquillerii- Brometum erecti, skupaj z delno spremenjeno združbo. Zaradi majhnih razlik v florističnem, ekološkem in horološkem pogledu med temi traviščnimi tipi predlagamo, da jih obravnavamo kot tri subasociacije Centaureo bracteatae

Rofecoxib for dysmenorrhoea: meta-analysis using individual patient data

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McQuay Henry J

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Individual patient meta-analysis to determine the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of single-dose rofecoxib in primary dysmenorrhoea. Methods Individual patient information was available from three randomised, double blind, placebo and active controlled trials of rofecoxib. Data were combined through meta-analysis. Number-needed-to-treat (NNT for at least 50% pain relief and the proportion of patients who had taken rescue medication over 12 hours were calculated. Information was collected on adverse effects. Results For single-dose rofecoxib 50 mg compared with placebo, the NNTs (with 95% CI for at least 50% pain relief were 3.2 (2.4 to 4.5 at six, 3.1 (2.4 to 9.0 at eight, and 3.7 (2.8 to 5.6 at 12 hours. For naproxen sodium 550 mg they were 3.1 (2.4 to 4.4 at six, 3.0 (2.3 to 4.2 at eight, and 3.8 (2.7 to 6.1 at 12 hours. The proportion of patients who needed rescue medication within 12 hours was 27% with rofecoxib 50 mg, 29% with naproxen sodium 550 mg, and 50% with placebo. In the single-dose trial, the proportion of patients reporting any adverse effect was 8% (4/49 with rofecoxib 50 mg, 12% (6/49 with ibuprofen 400 mg, and 6% (3/49 with placebo. In the other two multiple dose trials, the proportion of patients reporting any adverse effect was 23% (42/179 with rofecoxib 50 mg, 24% (45/181 with naproxen sodium 550 mg, and 18% (33/178 with placebo. Conclusions Single dose rofecoxib 50 mg provided similar pain relief to naproxen sodium 550 mg over 12 hours. The duration of analgesia with rofecoxib 50 mg was similar to that of naproxen sodium 550 mg. Adverse effects were uncommon suggesting safety in short-term use of rofecoxib and naproxen sodium. Future research should include restriction on daily life and absence from work or school as outcomes.

Perilaku Ibu dalam Memberikan Pendidikan Seksualitas pada Remaja Awal

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Niken Meilani

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Akumulasi kasus HIV/AIDS di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, tahun 1993 - 2008 adalah pada usia 20 - 24 tahun sekitar 12,54% dan usia 25 - 29 tahun sekitar 37,31% merupakan kategori remaja dan dewasa muda. Di Kabupaten Magelang kasus HIV positif pada remaja mulai muncul tahun 2008 dan selalu muncul pada tahun berikutnya. Remaja sangat membutuhkan informasi tentang seksualitas dan peran ibu sangat penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku ibu yang meliputi umur, pekerjaan, pendidikan, pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi remaja, persepsi kemampuan diri dan sikap dalam pendidikan seksualitas. Jenis penelitian adalah survei dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi terjangkau adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak remaja berusia 10 - 14 tahun dan mengikuti program Bina Keluarga Remaja percontohan di Kabupaten Magelang. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan klaster sampling dan berjumlah 92 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji kai kuadrat dan analisis mulitivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas ibu belum memberikan pendidikan seksualitas dengan baik. Variabel yang berhubungan adalah pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan ibu tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja, persepsi kemampuan diri ibu dan sikap ibu. Persepsi kemampuan diri ibu merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ibu dalam memberikan pendidikan seksualitas. Accumulation of HIV/ AIDS cases in Central Java province in 1993 - 2008 is at the age of 20 - 24 years at 12.54% and aged 25 - 29 years at 37.31% is the category of adolescent and young adults. In Magelang district HIV positive cases in adolescents began to emerge in 2008 and always appeared the following year. Adolescent need information about sexuality and the role of the mother is very important. This study aims to determine the determinant factors of mother (age, employment status, level of education, level of knowledge about adolescent

KAJIAN ZONASI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PUSAKA. STUDI KASUS: SITUS SANGIRAN, SRAGEN (Zoning Study of Heritage Site Development Case Study: Sangiran Site, Sragen

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Wiendu Nuryanti

2008-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia (World Culture Heritage yang ditetapkan oleh UNESCO pada tanggal 5 Desember 1996, Situs Sangiran merupakan bagian penting dalam sejarah manusia di dunia. Sesuai dengan keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Nomor 0701011977, situs tersebut telah ditetapkan sebagai cagar budaya (Widianto, et al.,1996. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama: (1 menyusun konsepsi dasar pelestarian, dan (2 menyusun arahan desain (guidelines pelestarian Situs Sangiran. Permasalahan utama dari kajian ini adalah perubahan lahan karena faktor alam dan aktivitas manusia (pertanian, pembangunan, penambangan, ancaman pencurian, penggelapan, dan jual beli fosil, rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya pelestarian Situs Sangiran, dan belum adanya panduan/arahan pelestarian dan pemanfaatan wisata yang jelas. Dengan metoda kualitatif naturalistik, dihasilkan konsepsi (prinsip dasar pelestarian Situs Sangiran Sragen, dalanr masing-masing zona (zona I -3 sesuai dengan potensi tiap zona yang perlu dilestarikan dan dikernbangkan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam hal ini adalah analisis makro, meso, dan mikro. Dari kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam merencanakan pelestarian Situs Sangiran, hal terpenting adalah mentaati zonasi dasar situs, di mana setiap zona akan merniliki guidelines  tersendiri. Guidelines terdiri atas pengembangan produk (Klaster Ngebung, Bukuran, Dayu, street furniture, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat.   ABSTRACT  UNESCO has established Sangiran Site as a World Culture Heritage in December 5th 1996. Its present is important to the history of mankind in the world. Widianto, et al., 1996, stated that Sangiran site has become a Cultural Site regarding to the declaration of Minister of Culture and Education (No. 070/0/1977. This Research has two main purposes, (1 to arrange a conception of basic preservation, and (2 to arrange a design guidelines of Sangiran Site Preservation. There are several major issues in

Systematic review of dexketoprofen in acute and chronic pain.

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Moore, R Andrew; Barden, Jodie

2008-10-31

Dexketoprofen, an NSAID used in the management of acute and chronic pains, is licensed in several countries but has not previously been the subjected of a systematic review. We used published and unpublished information from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of dexketoprofen in painful conditions to assess evidence on efficacy and harm. PubMed and Cochrane Central were searched for RCTs of dexketoprofen for pain of any aetiology. Reference lists of retrieved articles and reviews were also searched. Menarini Group produced copies of published and unpublished studies (clinical trial reports). Data were abstracted into a standard form. For studies reporting results of single dose administration, the number of patients with at least 50% pain relief was derived and used to calculate the relative benefit (RB) and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) for one patient to achieve at least 50% pain relief compared with placebo. Thirty-five trials were found in acute pain and chronic pain; 6,380 patients were included, 3,381 receiving dexketoprofen. Information from 16 trials (almost half the total patients) was obtained from clinical trial reports from previously unpublished trials or abstracts. Almost all of the trials were of short duration in acute conditions or recent onset pain.All 12 randomised trials that compared dexketoprofen (any dose) with placebo found dexketoprofen to be statistically superior. Five trials in postoperative pain yielded NNTs for 12.5 mg dexketoprofen of 3.5 (2.7 to 4.9), 25 mg dexketoprofen of 3.0 (2.4 to 3.9), and 50 mg dexketoprofen of 2.1 (1.5 to 3.5). In 29/30 active comparator trials, dexketoprofen at the dose used was at least equivalent in efficacy to comparator drugs. Adverse event withdrawal rates were low in postoperative pain and somewhat higher in trials of longer duration; no serious adverse events were reported. Dexketoprofen was at least as effective as other NSAIDs and paracetamol/opioid combinations. While adverse event withdrawal was not

Recovery From Chronic Low Back Pain After Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Licciardone, John C; Gatchel, Robert J; Aryal, Subhash

2016-03-01

Little is known about recovery after spinal manipulation in patients with low back pain (LBP). To assess recovery from chronic LBP after a short regimen of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in a responder analysis of the OSTEOPAThic Health outcomes In Chronic low back pain (OSTEOPATHIC) Trial. A randomized double-blind, sham-controlled trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of 6 OMT sessions over 8 weeks. Recovery was assessed at week 12 using a composite measure of pain recovery (10 mm or less on a 100-mm visual analog scale) and functional recovery (2 or less on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for back-specific functioning). The RRs and numbers-needed-to-treat (NNTs) for recovery with OMT were measured, and corresponding cumulative distribution functions were plotted according to baseline LBP intensity and back-specific functioning. Multiple logistic regression was used to compute the OR for recovery with OMT while simultaneously controlling for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed to corroborate the primary results. There were 345 patients who met neither of the recovery criteria at baseline in the primary analyses and 433 patients who met neither or only 1 of these criteria in the sensitivity analyses. There was a large treatment effect for recovery with OMT (RR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.31-4.24; P=.003), which was associated with a clinically relevant NNT (8.9; 95% CI, 5.4-25.5). This significant finding persisted after adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.43-5.97; P=.003). There was also a significant interaction effect between OMT and comorbid depression (P=.02), indicating that patients without depression were more likely to recover from chronic LBP with OMT (RR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.59-6.50; Pback-specific dysfunction at baseline. Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analyses. The OMT regimen was associated with significant and clinically relevant measures for recovery from chronic LBP. A

Cost Per Additional Responder Associated With Ixekizumab and Etanercept in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis.

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Feldman, Steven R; Foster, Shonda A; Zhu, Baojin; Burge, Russel; Al Sawah, Sarah; Goldblum, Orin M

2017-12-01

BACKGROUND: Newer psoriasis treatments can achieve greater levels of efficacy than older systemic therapies; however, current psoriasis costs are substantial. We sought to estimate costs per additional responder associated with ixekizumab and etanercept, versus placebo, using efficacy data from phase 3 clinical trials (UNCOVER-2 and UNCOVER-3). METHODS: In UNCOVER-2/UNCOVER-3, patients received subcutaneous placebo, etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (BIW), or ixekizumab one 80 mg injection every 2 weeks (Q2W) after a 160-mg starting dose. Twelve-week induction-phase Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 response rates for ixekizumab, etanercept, and placebo were obtained from pooled data from the overall and United States (US) subgroup intention-to-treat (ITT) populations, and used to calculate numbers needed to treat (NNTs) to achieve one additional PASI 75, PASI 90, or PASI 100 response for ixekizumab Q2W and etanercept BIW versus placebo. Twelve-week drug costs per patient were calculated based on the UNCOVER-2/UNCOVER-3 dosing schedule and wholesale acquisition costs. Mean costs per additional responder for PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 for each treatment versus placebo were calculated for pooled UN-COVER-2/UNCOVER-3 overall and US subgroup ITT populations. RESULTS: Pooled overall ITT population: costs per additional PASI 75, PASI 90, or PASI 100 responder were US $37,540, US $46,299, or US $80,710 for ixekizumab Q2W and US $57,533, US $120,720, or US $404,695 for etanercept BIW, respectively. US subgroup ITT population: costs per additional PASI 75, PASI 90, or PASI 100 responder were US $38,165, US $49,740, or US $93,536 for ixekizumab Q2W and US $69,580, US $140,881, or US $631,875 for etanercept BIW, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve-week costs per additional responder were lower for ixekizumab Q2W than for etanercept BIW across all levels of clearance (PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100) in the pooled UNCOVER-2/UNCOVER-3 overall and

Sumatriptan (subcutaneous route of administration) for acute migraine attacks in adults

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Derry, Christopher J; Derry, Sheena; Moore, R Andrew

2014-01-01

Background Migraine is a highly disabling condition for the individual and also has wide-reaching implications for society, healthcare services, and the economy. Sumatriptan is an abortive medication for migraine attacks, belonging to the triptan family. Subcutaneous administration may be preferable to oral for individuals experiencing nausea and/or vomiting Objectives To determine the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous sumatriptan compared to placebo and other active interventions in the treatment of acute migraine attacks in adults. Search methods We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, online databases, and reference lists for studies through 13 October 2011. Selection criteria We included randomised, double-blind, placebo- and/or active-controlled studies using subcutaneous sumatriptan to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We used numbers of participants achieving each outcome to calculate relative risk (or ‘risk ratio’) and numbers needed to treat to benefit (NNT) or harm (NNH) compared to placebo or a different active treatment. Main results Thirty-five studies (9365 participants) compared subcutaneous sumatriptan with placebo or an active comparator. Most of the data were for the 6 mg dose. Sumatriptan surpassed placebo for all efficacy outcomes. For sumatriptan 6 mg versus placebo the NNTs were 2.9, 2.3, 2.2, and 2.1 for pain-free at one and two hours, and headache relief at one and two hours, respectively, and 6.1 for sustained pain-free at 24 hours. Results for the 4 mg and 8 mg doses were similar to the 6 mg dose, with 6 mg significantly better than 4 mg only for pain-free at one hour, and 8 mg significantly better than 6 mg only for headache relief at one hour. There was no evidence of increased migraine relief if a second dose of sumatriptan 6

Diclofenac with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults

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Derry, Sheena; Rabbie, Roy; Moore, R Andrew

2014-01-01

potassium 50 mg versus placebo (two studies), the NNTs were 6.2, 8.9, and 9.5 for pain-free at two hours, headache relief at two hours, and pain-free responses at 24 hours, respectively. Associated symptoms of nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, and functional disability were reduced within two hours, and similar numbers of participants experienced adverse events, which were mostly mild and transient. There were insufficient data to evaluate other doses of oral diclofenac, or to compare different formulations or different dosing regimens; only one study compared oral diclofenac with an active comparator (oral sumatriptan 100 mg). Authors’ conclusions Oral diclofenac potassium 50 mg is an effective treatment for acute migraine, providing relief from pain and associated symptoms, although only a minority of patients experience pain-free responses. Adverse events are mostly mild and transient and occur at the same rate as with placebo. PMID:22336852

THE DIFFERENCE IN PEOPLE’S RESPONSE TOWARD NATURAL LANDSCAPE BETWEEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF JAPAN AND INDONESIA (Perbedaan dalam Respon Manusia terhadap Lanskap Alami antara Pelajar Jepang dan Indonesia

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Prita Indah Pratiwi

2014-10-01

, but differences had been found in landscape recognition based on the way of seeing landscape.   ABSTRAK Manusia dalam budaya yang berbeda membedakan respon mereka terhadap lingkungan, khususnya dalam interpretasi dan pemahaman lanskap yang dilihat atau dirasakan. Dalam rangka merencanakan dan mengelola lingkungan untuk pemilihan lanskap dengan tujuan perawatan khusus, perlindungan, dan kenyamanan, sangat penting bahwa manusia berpartisipasi secara efektif dan mengukur nilai-nilai eksisting yang alam berikan bagi penduduk lokal. Preferensi lanskap alami penting dalam perencanaan lanskap dari sudut pandang wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklarifikasi perbedaan dalam pengenalan lanskap di Jepang dan Indonesia dan menemukans elemen lanskap yang dinilai tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan enam tahapan, yaitu pengumpulan foto, pengelompokkan foto, evaluasi preferensi, evaluasi eksotisme, analisis dan rekomendasi. Analisis klaster (metode Ward, jarak Euclidian kuadrat digunakan untuk analisis kelompok foto dan uji Mann-Whitney U digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan nyata. Dalam pengelompokan foto, tujuh foto lanskap alami di Jepang dan Indonesia dikelompokkan ke dalam grup yang berbeda. Foto hutan dikelompokkan sebagai lahan basah oleh pelajar Jepang. Dua foto sungai, danau, dan hutan dikelompokkan oleh pelajar Indonesia, tetapi pelajar Jepang mengelompokkannya sebagai hutan dan gunung pada jarak jauh. Pelajar Jepang juga membedakan lahan basah sebagai lahan basah pada jarak jauh dan lahan basah pada jarak dekat. Hasil evaluasi preferensi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan nyata ditemukan pada 25 foto dari 68 foto. Evaluasi eksotisme menemukan perbedaan nyata dalam 48 foto dari 68 foto. Pelajar Jepang dan Indonesia tidak memilih hutan dan lahan basah. Namun, keduanya lebih memilih air terjun dan pesisir daripada jenis lanskap lainnya. Berdasarkan evaluasi eksotisme, sungai dan lahan basah tidak dipilih, sedangkan pesisir dan air terjun lebih dipilih oleh

Lurasidone for schizophrenia: a review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved second-generation antipsychotic.

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Citrome, L

2011-02-01

To describe the efficacy and safety of lurasidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. The pivotal registration trials were accessed by querying the literature databases PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, as well as http://www.fda.gov and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov for the search term 'lurasidone'. Product labelling provided additional information. All available clinical reports of studies were identified. Descriptions of the principal results and calculation of number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) for relevant dichotomous outcomes were extracted from the available study reports, abstracts and posters. Additional safety outcomes subject to NNH analysis were obtained from product labelling. Lurasidone is a second-generation antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia at a recommended starting dose of 40 mg/day administered once daily with food (≥350 calories). The maximum recommended dose is 80 mg/day. Regulatory approval was based primarily on a clinical trial programme that included four 6-week randomised clinical trials demonstrating efficacy vs. placebo in acute patients with schizophrenia. One additional Phase II clinical trial was considered a failed study because neither lurasidone nor the active control, haloperidol, separated from placebo on the primary outcome measure. One additional Phase III study was completed after the new drug application was submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration. Efficacy outcomes appear consistently in favour of lurasidone 80 mg/day vs. placebo on multiple measures of psychopathology, however, at least two studies also demonstrated efficacy for the doses of 40 and 120 mg/day. NNT vs. placebo was 3-6 for response as defined by ≥20% reduction in psychopathological rating scale total scores from baseline, depending on the study and the dose. Response as defined by a ≥30% improvement yielded NNTs ranging from 7 to 13. The most common adverse events in the clinical trials were

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults.

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Derry, Sheena; Moore, R Andrew

2013-04-30

This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 11, 2010 (Derry 2010). Migraine is a common, disabling condition and a burden for the individual, health services and society. Many sufferers choose not to, or are unable to, seek professional help and rely on over-the-counter analgesics. Co-therapy with an antiemetic should help to reduce nausea and vomiting, which are commonly associated with migraine. To determine the efficacy and tolerability of paracetamol (acetaminophen), alone or in combination with an antiemetic, compared with placebo and other active interventions in the treatment of acute migraine in adults. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Oxford Pain Relief Database for studies through 4 October 2010 for the original review, and to 13 February 2013 for the update. Two clinical trials registers (ClinicalTrials.gov and gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com) were also searched on both occasions. We included randomised, double-blind, placebo- or active-controlled studies using self-administered paracetamol to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm. Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Numbers of participants achieving each outcome were used to calculate relative risk and numbers needed to treat (NNT) or harm (NNH) compared with placebo or other active treatment. Searches for the update identified one additional study for inclusion. Eleven studies (2942 participants, 5109 attacks) compared paracetamol 1000 mg, alone or in combination with an antiemetic, with placebo or other active comparators, mainly sumatriptan 100 mg. For all efficacy outcomes paracetamol was superior to placebo, with NNTs of 12 (19% response with paracetamol, 10% with placebo), 5.0 (56% response with paracetamol, 36% with placebo) and 5.2 (39% response with paracetamol, 20% with placebo) for 2-hour pain-free and 2- and 1

Preparation of carbon nanotubes by MPECVD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Shazly Duraia, M.A.; Mansorov, Z.A.; Tokmoldin, S.Zh.; Klimenov, V.V.; Nevmerzhitsky, I.S.; Dochshanov, A.M.

2009-01-01

Microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the synthesis of CNTs due to the vertical alignment, the large area growth, the lower growth temperature, uniform heat distribution and the good control of the different growth parameters. In this work we present our results about the preparation of carbon nanotube with different morphologies by using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition MPECVD. Well aligned, curly and coiled carbon nanotubes have been prepared. We have investigated the effect of the different growth condition parameters such as type of the catalyst, pressure and the hydrogen to methane flow rate ratio on the morphology of the carbon nanotubes. The results were showed that there is a great dependence of the morphology of carbon nanotubes on these parameters. There is a linear relation between the growth rate and the methane to hydrogen ratio. We found that the growth rate has a great dependence on the amount of methane. For example the growth rate varied from the value 1,34 μm/min when the methane flow rate was 10 sccm to more than 14 μm/min when the methane flow rate was raised to 50 sccm. This growth rate is greater than that reported in the literature. The effect of the gas pressure on the CNTs was also studied. The Raman spectra (excitation wavelength 473 nm) of all samples show D-band peak at around 1300 cm -1 and G-band peak at around 1580 cm -1 , which indicate that our CNTs are multi wall CNTs (MWCNTs). The D-band and the G-band correspond to sp 2 and sp 3 carbon stretching modes relatively, and their intensity ratio is a measure of the amount of disorder in the CNTs. The D-band is known to be attributed to the carbonaceous particles, defects in the curved graphitic sheet and tube ends. It has been suggested that lower I g /I d ratios and narrower first and second order D and G bands are suggestive of well-aligned NNTs. The photoluminescence PL

Guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infra-bony defects.

Science.gov (United States)

Needleman, I G; Worthington, H V; Giedrys-Leeper, E; Tucker, R J

2006-04-19

random-effects models. Any heterogeneity was investigated. The primary outcome measure was change in clinical attachment. The search produced 626 titles, of these 596 were clearly not relevant to the review. The full text of 32 studies of possible relevance was obtained and 15 studies were excluded. Therefore 17 RCTs were included in this review, 16 studies testing GTR alone and two testing GTR+bone substitutes (one study had both test treatment arms).No tooth loss was reported in any study although these data are incomplete where patient follow up was not complete. For attachment level change, the mean difference between GTR and OFD was 1.22 mm (95% CI Random Effects: 0.80 to 1.64, chi squared for heterogeneity 69.1 (df = 15), P debridement was therefore 8 (95% CI 5 to 33), based on an incidence of 28% of sites in the control group failing to gain 2 mm or more of attachment. For baseline incidences in the range of the control groups of 3% and 55% the NNTs are 71 and 4. Probing depth reduction was greater for GTR than OFD: 1.21 mm (95% CI 0.53 to 1.88, chi squared for heterogeneity 62.9 (df = 10), P debridement controls was evident (mean difference 0.26 mm (95% CI Random Effects: 0.08, 0.43, chi squared for heterogeneity 2.7 (df = 8), P = 0.95), with a greater change in recession from baseline for the control group. Regarding hard tissue probing at surgical re-entry, a statistically significant greater gain was found for GTR compared with open flap debridement. This amounted to a weighted mean difference of 1.39 mm (95% CI 1.08 to 1.71, chi squared for heterogeneity 0.85 (df = 2), P = 0.65). For GTR + bone substitutes the difference was greater, with mean difference 3.37 mm (95% CI 3.14 to 3.61). Adverse effects were generally minor although with an increased treatment time for GTR. Exposure of the barrier membrane was frequently reported with a lack of evidence of an effect on healing. GTR has a greater effect on probing measures of periodontal treatment than open flap