Optimised fuel cell operation management. Final report; Optimiertes Betriebsmanagement von Brennstoffzellen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-11-05

Investigations were carried out on two fuel cell systems of the type ONSI PC 25C (large fuel cells) and three fuel cell heaters of the type HXS 1000 PREMIERE by Sulzer HEXIS (small fuel cells) for long periods of time and in different modes of operation. Information was obtained on efficiencies and performance, pollutant emissions, degradation and availability. The status of the project is reported and compared with the goals stated initially. (orig.) [German] Das Hauptziel des Projektes bestand darin, Kriterien fuer den optimalen Betrieb (hohe Verfuegbarkeit, geringe Anzahl von Abschaltungen, hohe Energienutzung etc.) von Brennstoffzellen im Zusammenspiel mit den peripheren Komponenten der Gebaeudetechnik zu ermitteln. Hierzu wurden Untersuchungen an zwei Brennstoffzellen-Anlagen vom Typ ONSI PC 25C (grosse BZ) und an drei Brennstoffzellen-Heizgeraeten HXS 1000 PREMIERE von Sulzer HEXIS (kleine BZ) ueber laengere Zeitraeume und bei weitestgehend unterschiedlichen Betriebsweisen durchgefuehrt. In Auswertung dieser Messkomplexe wurden Aussagen zum Betriebsverhalten der Brennstoffzellen, wie z.B. zu Wirk- und Nutzungsgraden, Schadstoffemissionen, Verlauf der Degradation sowie zur Verfuegbarkeit getroffen. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird der erreichte Sachstand detailliert dargestellt und mit den Zielsetzungen des FuE-Antrages verglichen. (orig.)

Analysis of photovoltaic systems. Leadership/cooperation in Task II of the IEA Implementing Agreements Photovoltaic Power Systems, database operation; Analyse des Betriebsverhaltens von Photovoltaiksystemen. Leitung/Mitarbeit im Task II des IEA Implementing Agreements Photovoltaic Power Systems, Betrieb der Datenbank. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schreitmueller, K.; Niemann, M.; Decker, B.; Jahn, U.; Meyer, H.

2000-02-01

the analysis of PV systems of the different types addressed in the database are presented and discussed. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen des Vorhabens wurde an den laufenden Arbeiten im Task II des 'Photovoltaic Power System Programme' (PVPS) der Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA) wesentlich mitgewirkt. Es ist eine zentrale Aufgabe des Task II, das Wissen ueber die Auslegung und das Betriebsverhalten von Photovoltaik(PV)-Systemen zu verbreiten und durch Ansprache geeigneter Zielgruppen die Markteinfuehrung der PV-Technologie voranzutreiben. Dabei stuetzt sich das Vorhaben auf die Erstellung und Aktualisierung einer dezentralen Datenbank, in der sowohl detaillierte Anlagedaten von realisierten PV-Anlagen als auch monatsaufgeloeste Betriebsergebnisse der vermessenen PV-Systeme gesammelt und aufbereitet werden. Ziel der Arbeiten ist es, Informationen ueber Energieertraege, Zuverlaessigkeit und Kosten von verschiedenen PV-Systemen aus der ganzen Welt bereitzustellen und Richtlinien fuer optimale PV-Anlagen in Bezug auf ihr Betriebsverhalten und ihre Auslegung zu entwickeln. Die dezentrale Datenbank auf PC-Basis wurde im ISFH erstellt und konfiguriert. Das Datenbankprogramm besteht aus dem Programm 'PVbase' und dem Programm 'PVreport'. Umfangreiche Softwarewerkzeuge erlauben die Selektion von PV-Anlagen, die graphische und statistische Aufarbeitung der relevanten Daten von PV-Anlagen und den Export von berechneten Jahresmittelwerten. Die Datenbank enthaelt derzeit mehr als 260 PV-Anlagen mit monatlichen Datensaetzen von ueber 600 Betriebsjahren. Neben den allgemeinen Informationen sind Angaben ueber die Art der PV-Anlage (Netzverbund, Insel- oder Hybridanlage), ihre Montageart, ihre verwendeten Komponenten und oekonomische Daten enthalten. Die Datenbank umfasst einen grossen Anteil weltweit realisierter PV-Anlagen mit installierter Messdatenerfassung. Der Nutzen der kontinuierlich verbesserten Datenbank liegt in der Verbreitung von Informationen

Development of units for change measurement of batteries at photovoltaic plant. Final report; Entwicklung von Einheiten zur Ladezustandserfassung von Batterien in PV-Anlagen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rothert, M.; Knorr, R.; Willer, B.

1996-12-31

The aim of the project was to contribute to enhanced service life and reliability of batteries in photovoltaic systems by developing further processes and components for charge measurement. The essential basic information in charge determination is the direct measurement of acid concentration in the electrolyte compartment of lead batteries and the evaluation and processing of this signal. Within the framework of this project, operative acidity sensors were developed and tested. They are accurate within an error margin of 0.5 per cent for short periods and of 2 per cent for long periods. A charge measurement unit based on the acid concentration reading was built and special algorithms for measuring charge were developed and tested. This unit stands out particularly because of the following: determination of dynamic charge, long-term stability, and automatic and regular adaptation to the type, size and age of the battery. Using this unit in combination with the acid concentration sensor in photovoltaic plant will permit more efficient plant operation and reliable protection of the battery. (orig./MM) [Deutsch] Ziel des Vorhabens war es, Massnahmen zur Verbesserung der Lebensdauer und Zuverlaessigkeit von Batterien in PV-Anlagen durch die konkrete Weiterentwicklung von Verfahren und Komponenten zur Ladezustandserfassung aufzuzeigen, durchzufuehren und zu demonstrieren. Die direkte Messung der Saeuredichte im Elektrolytraum von Bleibatterien sowie die Auswertung und Weiterverarbeitung dieses Signals bildet dabei die wesentliche Basisinformation. Im Rahmen des Vorhabens wurden funktionstuechtige Saeuredichtesensoren entwickelt und erprobt. Die dabei erreichte Genauigkeit betraegt im Kurzzeitbereich 0,5% und im Langzeitbereich ca. 2%. Eine Ladezustandseinheit basierend auf dem Saeuredichtesignal wurde aufgebaut und spezielle Algorithmen zur Ladezustandserfassung entwickelt und getestet. Besonders die Bestimmung des dynamischen Ladezustands, die Langzeitstabilitaet sowie

Trigeneration plants in a field test: Enhancement of control and hydraulics; KWKK-Anlagen im Feldtest. Verbesserung ihrer Regelung und Hydraulik. Projekt ''Praxistest und Kombiregler einer KWKK-Anlage''

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Backes, Klaus; Adam, Mario; Gottschald, Jonas [Fachhochschule Duesseldorf (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe E2 - Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz; Faber, Christian; Henneboehl, Fred; Lanz, Marco; Anthrakidis, Anette [Fachhochschule Aachen, Juelich (Germany). Solar-Institut Juelich

2011-07-01

Space HVAC system have the potential for better performance factors than conventional systems with separate generation of electricity, heat, and cold. In most cases, however, the components are not well matched, and the control regime needs to be improved. Especially the energy consumption of the pumps and recirculation cooler should be low. For this, two German universities (FH Duesseldorf and FH Aachen) investigated three systems with miniature cogeneration units by SenerTec and PowerPlus Technologies and with absorption refrigerators by SorTech AG. Two of the systems are classic field tests on the site of a customer (flower shop and engineering consultants' office), while the third is an innovative Hardware-in-the-Loop test stand ''HiL'' at Duesseldorf university. The HiL test stand comprises a real cogeneration unit, store and refrigerator, but the other components like recirculation cooler, building, and fan coils are replaced by simulation models in Matlab/Simulink with the tool boxes Carnot and Stateflow. Dynamic real-time simulation and real equipment are linked via the automatic HiL test stand, so the description can be similar to a real situation. Boundary conditions like building size, site, weather, usage patterns and hydraulics of heat and cold supply can be varied in the computer. This way, suggested control optimisation strategies can be tested in realistic conditions, reliable plant operation can be ensured in all states, and customer problems and critical states can be investigated individually. The field test stands, the HiL test stand and the results are presented. Concrete questions are gone into, e.g. how the operation of the individual components can be matched optimally, how energy can be saved when the cooling load of the refrigerator is reduced, and whether overtravel times or speed reduction of pumps are energetically interesting. [German] KWKK-Anlagen bieten Potential fuer bessere Gesamt-Nutzungsgrade der

PV-BUK: Operating and maintenance costs of photovoltaic installations; PV-BUK - Betriebs- und Unterhaltskosten von PV-Anlagen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stettler, S.; Toggweiler, P. [Enecolo AG, Moenchaltorf (Switzerland); Ruoss, D.; Schudel, P. [Envision, Lucerne (Switzerland); Kottmann, A.; Steinle, F. [BE Netz AG, Lucerne (Switzerland)

2008-03-15

This final report elaborated for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the results of a project carried out to determine the costs for facility management, to estimate future cost development and to propose activities for the further reduction of the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic systems. Information on the cost situation was collected by literature study, as well as in interviews and surveys with photovoltaic (PV) experts and the owners of PV installations. The discussion of the results at a workshop with about 20 Swiss PV experts is noted. The results are presented and discussed. These show that operating costs per kWh decrease with the size of the PV system. Figures are quoted. The major part of the costs are quoted as being those for spare parts, especially for the inverter. The authors are of the opinion that, in future, costs for facility management will further decrease, as they are partly linked to capital and insurance costs. Potential for optimisation is said to exist in several areas of facility management such as, for example, in system monitoring and fast reaction in the case of malfunctions.

Photovoltaic systems. A guide for electricians, roofers, projecting engineers and architects; Photovoltaische Anlagen. Leitfaden fuer Elektriker, Dachdecker, Fachplaner, Architekten und Bauherren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haselhuhn, R.; Berger, F.; Hasenoehrl, G.; Morsch, R.; Quaschning, V.; Rauscher, S.; Seltmann, T.; Hartmann, U.

2001-07-01

can-polluting and sustainable power supply will rely heavily on photovoltaic systems. Experience has shown that the development of PV systems cannot be assured without careful, high-quality planning dimensioning, installation, commissioning and maintenance. This guide contains comprehensive information on all aspects of PV systems. It addresses architects, projecting engineers, builder-owners, electricians and roofers, as well as decision-makers on state and community level with the intention of informing them on the latest state of the art. Contents: 1. Functional principles, design, characteristics and properties of components, modules and current inverters; 2. in situ analysis and site analysis; 3. shading analysis; 4. Optimal planning, dimensioning and design; 5. simulation programmes; 6. installation, commissioning, failure detection and maintenance; 7. assembly systems and integration options; 8. funding programmes. To facilitate updating, the book is in the form of a loose-leaf collection. [German] Fuer eine klimavertraegliche und nachhaltige zukuenftige Energieversorgung Deutschlands ist der massive Ausbau der Photovoltaik unabdingbar. Die Rahmenbedingungen fuer einen solchen Ausbau sind geschaffen, der Markt befindet sich zur Zeit im Umbruch. In Deutschland werden von einem solchen Ausbau in erster Linie netzgekoppelte PV-Anlagen betroffen sein. Die Erfahrungen mit der Performance solcher Anlagen (1.000-Daecher-Programm, Programm Sonne in der Schule, Schweizer Foerderprogramm etc.) haben allerdings gezeigt, dass ohne eine sorgfaeltige und auf hohem Niveau stehende Planung, Dimensionierung, Installation, Inbetriebnahme und Wartung der optimale Ertrag und damit der Beitrag zum Klimaschutz nicht gewaehrleistet werden kann. Aus diesen Gruenden ist es notwendig und sinnvill, Architekten, Planern, Bauherren, Installationsbetrieben (sowohl Elektrikern als auch Dachdeckern) und last but not least den Entscheidungstraegern in Laendern und Kommunen ein

The environmental and radionuclide laboratory at VKTA Rossendorf; Das Labor fuer Umwelt- und Radionuklidanalytik im VKTA Rossendorf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koehler, M.; Knappik, R.; Gleisberg, B.; Schaefer, I.; Boden, W.; Bothe, M. [Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V. (VKTA), Dresden (Germany)

2001-07-01

The VKTA provides environmental and radionuclide analyses for remediation and waste management tasks at the Rossendorf research site and for commercial clients as well. The analyses, the correlated valuations and calculations were used for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, for the remediation of contaminated mining sites and for environmental investigations. The Laboratory for Environmental and Radionuclide Analytics is able to handle and analyse artificial and natural radionuclides in the range from 10{sup -3} Bq until 10{sup 9} Bq. Besides the used activity measurement techniques ({alpha}-particle and {gamma}-ray spectrometry, {beta}-counting), which were also applied after radiochemical separations, mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma provides analytical results for long-lived radionuclides and isotopic ratios very effective. The capability of the laboratory is demonstrated by selected applications. (orig.) [German] Der VKTA fuehrt im Rahmen seiner Rueckbau- und Entsorgungsaufgaben am Forschungsstandort Rossendorf und fuer externe Auftraggeber Umwelt- und Radionuklidanalysen als komplexe Dienstleistung durch. Die Analysen und die damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Bewertungen und Modellrechnungen finden beim Rueckbau kerntechnischer Anlagen, bei der Sanierung von Uranbergbau-Altlasten und im Umweltbereich Verwendung. Im Labor fuer Umwelt- und Radionuklidanalytik werden Proben mit kuenstlichen und natuerlichen Radionukliden im typischen Aktivitaetsbereich von 10{sup -3} Bq bis 10{sup 9} Bq bearbeitet und analysiert. Neben den Aktivitaetsmessverfahren ({alpha}-, {beta}-, {gamma}-Spektrometrie), die auch nach radiochemischen Trennungen eingesetzt werden, kommen massenspektrometrische Verfahren bei der Analyse langlebiger Radionuklide bzw. Isotopenverhaeltnisse zum Einsatz. Das Leistungsspektrum des Labors wird durch ausgewaehlte Applikationen belegt. (orig.)

Ausrüstung von Starkstromanlagen mit elektronischen Betriebsmitteln / Achtung: Abschnitte 5.3.2.2.2 (einschließlich Kurve 2 in Bild 2) und 7.3.1.2 gelten erst ab Mai 1990. Bestehende Anlagen und Betriebsmittel einschließlich Ersatzlieferungen brauchen nicht den Anforderungen dieser neuen Norm angepaßt zu werden.

CERN Document Server

Deutsches Institut für Normung. Berlin

1988-01-01

Ausrüstung von Starkstromanlagen mit elektronischen Betriebsmitteln / Achtung: Abschnitte 5.3.2.2.2 (einschließlich Kurve 2 in Bild 2) und 7.3.1.2 gelten erst ab Mai 1990. Bestehende Anlagen und Betriebsmittel einschließlich Ersatzlieferungen brauchen nicht den Anforderungen dieser neuen Norm angepaßt zu werden.

Modelling, simulation and optimization of solarthermal systems in an object-oriented simulation environment; Modellierung, Simulation und Optimierung solarthermischer Anlagen in einer objektorientierten Simulationsumgebung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schrag, T.

2001-07-01

, dessen Konsequenzen je nach Zielsetzung der Optimierung beurteilt werden muessen. Um die Moeglichkeiten von Smile aufzuzeigen, werden Anlagen zur Brauchwassererwaermung und zur Heizungsunterstuetzung sowie solare Nahwaermesysteme untersucht. Bei ersteren werden nur grosse Anlagen mit Pufferspeichern betrachtet. Insbesondere werden verschiedene Entladestrategien miteinander verglichen. Mit Hilfe der numerischen Optimierung wird fuer eine bestimmte Anlage die vorteilhafteste Kombination aus Waermetauscher und anliegendem Massenstrom bestimmt. Der Einsatz von Smile zur kombinierten Anlagen- und Gebaeudesimulation wird an Sanierungsmassnahmen von ostdeutschen Plattenbauten demonstriert. Um ein geplantes solarunterstuetztes Luftheizungssystem zu beurteilen, werden sowohl das Gebaeude, die Anlage, als auch die geplante Regelungsstrategie modelliert. (abstract truncated)

Development of a system for detection and diagnosis of errors in the operation of space HVAC systems; Entwicklung eines Systems zur Erkennung und Diagnose von Fehlern beim Betrieb von HLK-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bach, H.; Bauer, M.; Grob, R.F. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Heiz- und Raumlufttechnik

1997-12-31

Buildings with heating and space HVAC systems require considerable automatic control effort to ensure engergy-efficient operation. Faults are only to be avoided by the use of automatic fault detection systems. The contribution describes the procedure adopted in operation monitoring, the IKE system for fault detection and diagnosis, and the evaluation of the FDD system. (MSK) [Deutsch] Gebaeude mit heiz-und raumlufttechnischen Anlagen erfordern bei energetisch rationellem Bertrieb einen grossen Aufwand an Steuerungs-und Regelungstechnik. Um ohne Fehler zu arbeiten erfordert diese Steuerungs-und Regelungstechnik den Einsatz von automatischen Fehlererkennungssystemen. Im Folgenden werden die Vorgehensweise bei der Betriebsueberwachung, das IKE-System zur Fehlererkennung und Diagnose sowie die Evaluierung des FDD-Systems (Fault Detection and Diagnosis System) erlaeutert.

Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald GmbH plan and build wet decontamination plant for disposal of components of Russian nuclear submarines; Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald GmbH plant und errichtet eine Nassdekontaminationsanlage zur Entsorgung von Komponenten russischer Atom U-Boote

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schneider, Jan; Konitzer, Arnold; Luedeke, Michael [AKB Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald GmbH (Germany)

2010-05-15

Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald, on behalf of Energiewerke Nord GmbH, Lubmin, plan and build a wet decontamination facility for the waste management center at Saida Bay, Russia (EZS). The plant is part of a large project with a total volume on the order of 3-digit millions funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology. This project involves construction at Saida Bay near the port city of Murmansk of a complete waste management center and a long-term interim store for radioactively contaminated components. These components are mainly parts of decommissioned nuclear vessels and submarines whose metals, after decontamination, can be returned to economic use. The basis of the wet decontamination plant is a former AKB project for disposal and re-use of contaminated metal components of Energiewerke Nord GmbH at Lubmin, which is being adapted and developed further. The plant is to allow unrestricted re-use of the metals after surface cleaning and surface abrasion, respectively. For this purpose, the contaminated layer is removed far enough for the clearance limits under the Radiation Protection Ordinance to be met. A large fraction of the metals can be re-used after cleaning and do not have to be stored in a financially and logistically expensive process. The contract gives AKB an excellent opportunity to demonstrate its capabilities in plant construction, especially in the very sensitive area of disposal of radioactively contaminated objects. (orig.)

EEG II. Annexes and regulations. Comment; EEG II. Anlagen und Verordnungen. Kommentar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frenz, Walter (ed.) [Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Berg-, Umwelt- und Europarecht

2016-11-01

Berlin commentary EEG II: safe through the paraphernalia Like hardly any other law, the Renewable Energies Act (EEG) is subject to constant changes. With the 2014 amendment, the EEG was fundamentally redesigned. This makes the application of the complex rules a challenge even for experts. In addition, the sub-rules contain important statements in the form of numerous annexes and regulations - with the EEG amendment 2014, this has become even more detailed. In it, many calculations are only defined in detail and the legal provisions of the EEG are made more definite and supplemented. The Berlin commentary EEG II accompanies you expertly through this complex matter. Experts explain the widely divergent rules in practice. If necessary for a better understanding, the provisions of the EEG 2014 are also explained. Consistently designed for your practice As a buyer of the work, you also benefit from access to an extensive, regularly updated database. This contains important legal energy regulations of the EU, the federal government and the countries. Even earlier legal positions remain searchable and can be conveniently compared with current versions. So you can see at a glance what has changed. [German] Berliner Kommentar EEG II: sicher durch den Paragrafengeflecht Wie kaum ein anderes Gesetz ist das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) staendigen Aenderungen unterworfen. Mit der Novelle 2014 wurde das EEG grundlegend umgestaltet. Dies macht die Anwendung der komplexen Regeln selbst fuer Experten zu einer Herausforderung. Zudem enthaelt auch das untergesetzliche Regelwerk wichtige Aussagen in Form zahlreicher Anlagen und Verordnungen - mit der EEG-Novelle 2014 ist dieses noch ausfuehrlicher geworden. In ihm werden viele Berechnungen erst naeher festgelegt und gesetzliche Bestimmungen des EEG entscheidend konkretisiert und ergaenzt. Der Berliner Kommentar EEG II begleitet Sie fachkundig durch diese komplexe Materie. Experten erlaeutern Ihnen praxisorientiert die

Education and research when dismantling nuclear plants at the Technical University Dresden; Lehre und Forschung beim Rueckbau kerntechnischer Anlagen an der Technischen Universitaet Dresden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hurtado, A.; Anthofer, A.; Cloppenborg, T.; Schreier, M. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Inst. fuer Energietechnik

2013-08-15

With the decision by the German government in 2011 to revoke the operating permission from 8 of the existing 17 German nuclear power plants, the responsibility of decommissioning and dismantling these plants has moved back into the focus of public awareness. Under the current legal conditions, the last nuclear plant will be disconnected from the grid on 31.12.2022 and this will create an enormous challenge for all the involved approving authorities, expert organisations, as well as companies involved in dismantling the plants. The development of new and efficient dismantling technologies and strategies is required to perform these highly responsible tasks. On the other hand, the nuclear competence and knowhow, as well as the promotion of young talents in the relevant scientific fields must be preserved. Technological and economic solutions are in demand for the various plants due to the different specifics of nuclear power plants. This will still require e.g. in the field of radiation protection highly qualified and well trained staff in future. The training of these skilled employees will require expanding the subject matter taught at universities, colleges and polytechnics to suit the changed parameters. The chair for hydrogen and nuclear energy technology at the TU Dresden will in future offer lectures as part of a new teaching discipline with the focus on dismantling and disposal. The course 'Dismantling nuclear power plants' took place for the first time in the summer semester 2013. It is organised as a three-day block seminar with an excursion to the company NIS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH in Alzenau. The company NIS is a subsidiary of the Siempelkamp Nukleartechnik GmbH. This article intends to provide an overview of the contents of the courses and the impressions of the participants. In this way the TU Dresden is making a further contribution to preserving nuclear competence and inter-disciplinary dialogue. (orig.)

The operation of nuclear power plants in the conflict between administrative law and criminal law. Betrieb kerntechnischer Anlagen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Verwaltungs- und Strafrecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stubbe, C. (Siemens AG, Erlangen (Germany, F.R.). Rechtsabteilung)

The conflicting interests of administrative law and criminal law give rise to a number of burdensome conditions to be met by the operators of nuclear plants. Of course, it is one of the peculiarities of criminal law that nobody can decide for himself whether he wants to become involved in it. There is probably no other choice than meeting, with a good blend of composure and cleverness, the criteria now surrounding the operation of a nuclear facility. (orig.).

Excursions to nuclear facilities in the Federal Republic of Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-12-01

Promoting young talents in the field of nuclear technology is considered one of the most important tasks the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (Society for Nuclear Engineering) tries to fulfill in many ways. It has developed a curriculum for the specialty of nuclear technology, provides funds for attending conferences and gives financial support to student members. In line with these efforts to promote young talents, the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft now submits a list of nuclear facilities where to special excursions may be made in the course of corresponding training programmes. State-owned and private research and development centres, industrial factories and electricity-generating nuclear power plants as well as nuclear fuel cycle centres are thus concerned. (orig.) [de

Underground gas storage Uelsen: Findings from planning, building and commissioning the surface buildings and structures; Untertagegasspeicher (UGS) Uelsen: Erkenntnisse aus Planung, Bau und Inbetriebnahme der obertaegigen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Focke, H.; Brueggmann, R.; Mende, F.; Steinkraus, D.; Wauer, R. [BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH, Hannover (Germany)

1998-12-31

The article describes the concepts of the plants and equipment and the specific features of the underground storage at Uelsen. The underground storage will be purpose-built as an H-gas storage in a nearly depleted sandstone deposit. At a nominal deliverability of 250.000 cubic m/h (Vn) the storage at Uelsen has more potential for expansion. This potential was taken into account by designing appropriate pressure stages, capacities, performance characteristics and space. (orig.). [Deutsch] Die nachfolgende Veroeffentlichung stellt das anlagentechnische Grundkonzept und die spezifischen Besonderheiten des UGS Uelsen dar. Der im suedwestlichen Niedersachsen als H-Gasspeicher in einer nahezu ausgefoerderten Buntsandsteinlagerstaette eingerichtete UGS Uelsen wird in mehreren Ausbaustufen bedarfsgerecht fertiggestellt. Bei einer Nennentnahmekapazitaet von 450.000 m{sup 3}/h (Vn) und einer Nenninjektionsleistung von 250.000 m{sup 3}/h (Vn) weist der UGS Uelsen noch weiteres Potential fuer Erweiterungen auf. Dieses Ausbaupotential wurde bei der Planung und dem Bau der bestehenden Anlagen durch Festlegung entsprechender Druckstufen, Kapazitaeten, Leistungsgroessen und Platzanordnungen beruecksichtigt. (orig.)

Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald GmbH plan and build wet decontamination plant for disposal of components of Russian nuclear submarines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schneider, Jan; Konitzer, Arnold; Luedeke, Michael

2010-01-01

Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald, on behalf of Energiewerke Nord GmbH, Lubmin, plan and build a wet decontamination facility for the waste management center at Saida Bay, Russia (EZS). The plant is part of a large project with a total volume on the order of 3-digit millions funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology. This project involves construction at Saida Bay near the port city of Murmansk of a complete waste management center and a long-term interim store for radioactively contaminated components. These components are mainly parts of decommissioned nuclear vessels and submarines whose metals, after decontamination, can be returned to economic use. The basis of the wet decontamination plant is a former AKB project for disposal and re-use of contaminated metal components of Energiewerke Nord GmbH at Lubmin, which is being adapted and developed further. The plant is to allow unrestricted re-use of the metals after surface cleaning and surface abrasion, respectively. For this purpose, the contaminated layer is removed far enough for the clearance limits under the Radiation Protection Ordinance to be met. A large fraction of the metals can be re-used after cleaning and do not have to be stored in a financially and logistically expensive process. The contract gives AKB an excellent opportunity to demonstrate its capabilities in plant construction, especially in the very sensitive area of disposal of radioactively contaminated objects. (orig.)

Hazards of ionizing radiations for human beings and environment with respect to nuclear facilities; Gefahren ionisierender Strahlung fuer Mensch und Umwelt in Bezug auf kerntechnische Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, Felix; Jung, Jennifer Jana; Schultmann, Frank

2017-03-15

Worldwide, nuclear fission is used to produce electricity. On the one hand, the low emission of CO{sub 2} is often mentioned as an advantage of this technology. On the other hand, warnings about the dangers of nuclear fission are mentioned. Consequently, an overview about the dangers of ionizing radiation to human beings as well as animals and the environment is important. However, the focus will be on possible health effects for humans with regards to nuclear power plants. In nuclear power plants, both natural types of radiation and artificially produced radiation occur. During normal operation, it is possible that small quantities of this ionizing radiation are released to the environment. In case of nuclear disasters or faults during decommissioning and dismantling processes the consequences of thereby emitted quantities can be even more severe. Reference nuclides vary by reactor type, operating stage and respective incident. At the beginning, different types of radiation and their characteristics and effects on the affected organism are explained. Sensitive organs are emphasized in this context. The individual risk is determined by numerous factors and therefore cannot be predicted. Based on scientific studies and medical publications the hazards of ionizing radiation are compiled. Effects of high exposure of ionizing radiation are well-investigated. Scientists are still divided over the connection between several diseases and the exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. For this reason, the positions of different international organizations are critically contrasted in this study.

Releases of ¹⁴CO₂ from nuclear facilities with gaseous effluents; Die Emission von 14C02 mit der Abluft kerntechnischer Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuettelkopf, H.

1977-06-01

Since only little information is available about the extent and type of the ¹⁴C emission from nuclear facilities, the Radiation Protection and Safety Department of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center has measured the ¹⁴C stack vent emission from various facilities. The measurement was restricted to ¹⁴CO₂ because it is only this coumpound which can lead to exposure doses as a result of ingestion and inhalation. Sampling was carried out with 200 ml of 5 M NaOH in a scrubber. The sample flow was 1 l/min. The sampling period was one week. The ¹⁴CO₂ emission was measured in the stack vent air of the FR-2 research reactor, the Multi-purpose Research Reactor (MZFR), the combustion facility for burnable radioactive waste (FERAB), the Karlsruhe Reprocessing Plant (WAK), all of which are located on the premises of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, and in the exhaust air of the Obrigheim (KWO) and Biblis A Nuclear Power Stations.

Strategically oriented management and controlling of resource intensive projects; Strategieorientiertes Management und Controlling ressourcenintensiver Projekte. Fallstudienanalyse und Konzeption eines Referenzmodells zum Projektmanagement der Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmeter, Sascha

2015-07-01

The book on strategically oriented management and controlling of resource intensive projects covers the following issues: frame of project management and project controlling, classification of the decommissioning of nuclear facilities as resource intensive projects, research design for case studies, results of the study of project management specific characteristics of decommissioning, reference model for the project management of nuclear facility decommissioning.

Service tests of voltage detectors - an essential requirement for working without accidents in electricity installations with nominal voltage > 1 kV; Wiederholungspruefungen an Spannungspruefern. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung fuer das unfallfreie Arbeiten in elektrischen Anlagen mit Nennspannungen > 1 kV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lange, G. [VEW Eurotest GmbH, Dortmund (Germany); Emmer, H. [Bayernwerk AG Muenchen (Germany); Schuhmann, J. [Bayernwerk Hochspannungsnetz GmbH Nuernberg (Germany); Grab, E. [Bewag-AG, Berlin (Germany); Krebeck, N. [RWE Energie AG, RV Nike, Osnabrueck (Germany); Rodwald, R. [Schleswag AG, Rendsburg (Germany); Schlegel, B. [Stadtwerke Muenchen GmbH (Germany)

1999-03-22

The function of voltage detectors is an important requirement for working without accidents in electricity installations. For this reason the required service tests, described in VDE and VBG 4, are essential to receive a secure function of the voltage detector over its service time. The results of the statistical evaluation of 10.000 service tests in test fields of electricity utilities document the importance of these tests. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Funktionsfaehigkeit von Spannungspruefern ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung fuer das unfallfreie Arbeiten in elektrischen Anlagen. Aus diesem Grunde stellen die in den VDE-Bestimmungen und in der VBG 4 festgelegten Wiederholungspruefungen eine unersetzliche Massnahme zur Erhaltung der Funktionsfaehigkeit dar. Die Ergebnisse der statistischen Auswertung von 10 000 Wiederholungspruefungen in Prueffeldern von Energieversorgungsunternehmen unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit dieser Pruefungen. (orig.)

Solarthermische Kraftwerksentwicklung (STKE) - development of solar thermal power plants. Technical aspects. Final report; Solarthermische Kraftwerksentwicklung (STKE). Technischer Teil. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pitz-Paal, R.

2000-01-01

This project started on 1 January 1996 with DM 3.7 million funds from the BMFT. Originally scheduled for three years, it was extended by a further 11 months for various reasons. Its intention was to reduce the cost of future solar thermal power plants. Particular emphasis was given to the parabolic trough technology asit is closest to commercialisation. Three strategies were involved: 1. Further development and qualification of components for the parabolic trough collector (WG PAREX); 2. Development of instruments for measuring radiation flux distribution in parabolic trough collectors (WG PARMESAN); 3. Development, verification and application of software tools for analysing the complex dynamic response of solar thermal power plants (WG SISTA). [German] Das hier dargestellte Projekt begann am 1.1.1996 und wurde vom Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT) mit etwa 3,7 Mio. DM gefoerdert. Es hatte eine geplante Laufzeit von drei Jahren, wurde aber aufgrund von unterschiedlichen Verzoegerungen (Mitarbeiterwechsel, Defekte an Versuchsanlagen) kostenneutral um 11 Monate verlaengert. Gesamtziel des Projekts war es, zur Kostensenkung bei zukuenftigen solarthermischen Kraftwerken beizutragen. Dabei stand insbesondere die Parabolrinnentechnik im Vordergrund, da sie im Vergleich zu anderen solarthermischen Technologien einer weiteren kommerziellen Vermarktung derzeit am naechsten steht. Es wurden drei Schwerpunkte verfolgt: 1. Die Weiterentwicklung und Qualifizierung von Komponenten fuer den Parabolrinnenkollektor (Arbeitspaket 'Parabolrinnenexperimente', kurz PAREX) 2. Die Entwicklung von Messtechnik zur Bestimmung von Strahlungsflussverteilung bei Parabolrinnenkollektoren (AP 'Parabolrinnen-Messanlage', kurz PARMESAN) 3. Die Erstellung, Verifikation und Anwendung von Softwarewerkzeugen zur Analyse des komplexen dynamischen Verhaltens von solarthermischen Kraftwerken (AP 'Simulation solarthermischer Anlagen', kurz SISTA) (orig.)

Determination of the agricultural and process-related boundary conditions for the use of rapeseed oil and its refinery products as motor fuel. Final report; Ermittlung der landwirtschaftlichen, prozesstechnischen und verfahrenstechnischen Rahmenbedingungen fuer die Verwendung von Rapsoel und seiner Umwandlungsprodukte als Kraftstoff. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schliephake, D; Hacker, C M

1994-11-01

The use of rapeseed oil as a motor fuel is viewed from various angles: Production aspects; environmental aspects; marketing aspects in agriculture; business management aspects in the Federal Republic of Germany; production and refining of rapeseed oil; use of rapeseed oil methyl ester as diesel fuel and in mineral oil processing plants; engine performance. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] In dem vorliegenden Bericht wird der Einsatz von Rapsoel als Kraftstoff aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln betrachtet: Produktionsaspekte, Umweltaspekte, marktwirtschaftliche Aspekte in der Landwirtschaft; betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Herstellung und Raffination von Rapsoel; Einsatz von Rapsoelmethylester als Dieselkraftstoff und in Anlagen der Mineraloelverarbeitung; Motortechnische Untersuchungsergebnisse. (orig./SR)

Facts in nuclear engineering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buenemann, D.

1979-07-01

This compilation of facts has been published on behalf of Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (Society for Nuclear Engineering), as a basis for the discussion between promoters and opponents of nuclear power. It intends to make the nuclear discussion less emotional by providing relevant data material. (orig./HP) [de

Manual of process automation. On-line control systems for devices in the process technology. 3. tot. rev. and enl. ed.; Handbuch der Prozessautomatisierung. Prozessleittechnik fuer verfahrenstechnische Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maier, U.; Frueh, K.F. (eds.)

2004-07-01

This is a reference manual for engineers who need answers to automation problems in chemical engineering. Some new current subjects have been introduced to complement the information. The following chapters are new or have been rewritten by new authors: Internet and intranet technologies; Outline of process-related functions; Control systems in industrial applications; Problems and solutions; Model-based predicative control (MPC); Report archive analysis; Control Loop Performance Monitoring (CPM); Automation structures; Explosion protection; Remote-I/O; Integration of intelligent field equipment in PLS; Weighing and filling techniques; Safety; Maintenance - structures and strategies. The other chapters have been revised and updated as well. (orig.) [German] Das grundsaetzliche Konzept des Handbuchs ist unveraendert: Es dient als Nachschlagewerk fuer Ingenieure, die sich in verschiedenen Taetigkeitsbereichen mit Fragen der Automatisierung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen auseinandersetzen muessen. Einige Themen wurden neu aufgenommen - wegen ihrer Aktualitaet und zur Abrundung des Themenspektrums. Folgende Kapitel sind voellig neu oder mit neuen Autoren wesentlich erweitert: Internet-/Intranettechnologien; Uebersicht ueber prozessnahe Funktionen; Industrielle Regelung: Probleme und Problemloesungen; Modellgestuetzte praediktive Regelung (MPC); Meldearchivanalyse; Control Loop Performance Monitoring (CPM); Automatisierungsstrukturen; Explosionsschutz; Remote-I/O; Integration intelligenter Feldgeraete in PLS; Waege- und Abfuelltechnik; Anlagensicherheit; Ganzheitliche Instandhaltung - Strukturen und Strategien. Die uebrigen Kapitel wurden aktualisiert und teilweise auch wesentlich ueberarbeitet. (orig.)

Notch activates Wnt-4 signalling to control medio-lateral patterning of the pronephros.

Science.gov (United States)

Naylor, Richard W; Jones, Elizabeth A

2009-11-01

Previous studies have highlighted a role for the Notch signalling pathway during pronephrogenesis in the amphibian Xenopus laevis, and in nephron development in the mammalian metanephros, yet a mechanism for this function remains elusive. Here, we further the understanding of how Notch signalling patterns the early X. laevis pronephros anlagen, a function that might be conserved in mammalian nephron segmentation. Our results indicate that early phase pronephric Notch signalling patterns the medio-lateral axis of the dorso-anterior pronephros anlagen, permitting the glomus and tubules to develop in isolation. We show that this novel function acts through the Notch effector gene hrt1 by upregulating expression of wnt4. Wnt-4 then patterns the proximal pronephric anlagen to establish the specific compartments that span the medio-lateral axis. We also identified pronephric expression of lunatic fringe and radical fringe that is temporally and spatially appropriate for a role in regulating Notch signalling in the dorso-anterior region of the pronephros anlagen. On the basis of these results, along with data from previous publications, we propose a mechanism by which the Notch signalling pathway regulates a Wnt-4 function that patterns the proximal pronephric anlagen.

Pestel study: system comparison of the generation of electric current and heating energy in coupled and uncoupled plants; Pestel Studie: Systemvergleich der Strom- und Heizenergieerzeugung in gekoppelten und ungekoppelten Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moeller, K.P.

1995-12-31

A system comparison of the generation of electric current and heating energy in coupled and uncoupled plants was carried out in the years 1983/84 at the Eduard Pestel Institute for system research in Hannover. A report is given on the main focus of the investigation which was the comparison of cogeneration power plant for cogeneration with the current generation in modern condensation power plants and the corresponding generation of heating energy in modern gas boilers. The primary energy consumption for generating electric current was compared by means of four examples to the consumption for heating energy generation. The costs of this generation in terms of national economy and industrial management were also compared to each other by means of four examples. (orig.) [Deutsch] Am Eduard Pestel Institut fuer Systemforschung e.V. in Hannover wurde in den Jahren 1983/1984 ein Systemvergleich zwischen der Strom- und Heizenergieerzeugung in gekoppelten und ungekoppelten Anlagen durchgefuehrt. Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung, ueber den heute berichtet werden soll, war der Vergleich von - Blockheizkraftwerken zur gekoppelten Erzeugung mit - einer Stromerzeugung in modernene Kondensationskraftwerken und der entsprechenden Heizwaermeerzeugung in modernen Gaskesseln. Dabei wurden anhand von vier konkreten Fallbeispielen jeweils - die Primaerenergieverbraeuche fuer die Strom- und Heizwaermeerzeugung sowie - die volkswirtschaftlichen und betriebswirtschaftlichen Kosten dieser Erzeugung miteinander verglichen. (orig.)

Internet-based reservation system (Internet-based control of timers for building technical services) - Final report; Internetbasiertes Reservationssystem (Internetbasierte Einstellung von Zeitsteuerungen haustechnischer Anlagen) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huber, A.; Woodtli, M.

2008-07-01

A common measure to save energy in buildings is the adjustment of the operating time of the building service facilities to the busy time of the building (i.e. lowering period). For lack of better resources, the general lowering periods in irregularly occupied buildings often are reduced to a minimum or the adjustment of the operating time is completely missing. In order to adjust the operating time optimally to the actual busy time, an internet-based booking system has been developed, which allows users to register a room assignment online. This booking system is linked with the building service facilities. This ensure the optimal setting of the lowering periods and therefore allows saving energy. The technical implementation resulted from a programmable logic controller (PLC) that can be accessed via a web browser. Temperature offset boxes have been added as interface between the PLC and the existing facilities in order that the system is applicable in existing buildings too. The booking system has been installed in two test objects and has also been successfully tested with the responsible staff (caretaker, real estate management). The booking system may be contemplated online: http://www.hetag.ch. (author)

Profitability aspects of combined power/heat plants based on the example of a gas turbine; Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen ueber KWK-Anlagen am Beispiel einer Gasturbine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klimek, W. [Thyssengas GmbH, Duisburg (Germany)

1998-04-01

verschiedene Finanzierungsmodelle fuer KWK-Anlagen diskutiert sowie ein Preissicherungsverfahren erlaeutert. (orig.)

Better utilisation of district heating systems. Sub-project: Optimization of heat distribution - the Berlin pilot project. Final report; Bessere Ausnutzung von Fernwaermeanlagen. Teilvorhaben: Optimierung der Waeermeverteilung - Pilotprojekt Berlin. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szepansky, T.; Ziemann, O.

2001-09-01

The Berlin pilot project comprises three aspects. (1) 'Generator simulation': Modelling of power generation systems in BoFiT was validated by means of existing calculation programs (Bewag) and measurements (HEW, HKW Hafen). (2) 'Optimization of pump use'. (3) 'Centralization of pressure maintenance'. The two latter aspects serve for optimized hydraulic control and supply assurance for validating network simulation in offline and online operation, including network data acquisition. [German] In KWK-Anlagen wird wirtschaftlich Strom und Waerme erzeugt. Der Aufwand fuer den Waermetransport ist vergleichsweise hoch. Automatisch geregelte und gesteuerte Umwaelzpumpen mit grossen Umwaelzwassermassenstroemen und Druckhoehen bieten ein hohes Optimierungspotential fuer die hydraulische Betriebsfuehrung von Fernwaermeversorgungsunternehmen. Der Einsatz von modular aufgebauten EDV-Systemen zur Betriebsoptimierung ist Gegenstand von staendig weiterfuehrenden Untersuchungen. Das Pilotprojekt Berlin 'Optimierung der Waermeverteilung' gliedert sich in drei Arbeitspunkte. Beim Arbeitspunkt 'Erzeugersimulation' wurde ausgehend von existierenden Kreislauf-Rechenprogrammen (Bewag) und Betriebsmessungen (HEW, HKW Hafen) die Modellbildung von Erzeugungsanlagen im Programmsystem BoFiT ueberprueft. Die Arbeitspunkte 'Pumpen-Einsatzoptimierung' und 'Zentralisierung der Druckhaltung' dienten der Optimierung der hydraulischen Betriebsfuehrung unter Einhaltung der Versorgungssicherheit zur Ueberpruefung der Netzsimulation sowohl im Offline- als auch im Online-Betrieb gekoppelt mit der Netzdatenerfassung. (orig.)

Quality management in nuclear power plant technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brosche, D.; Ehrnsperger, K.

2001-01-01

Quality assurance and therefore quality management are essential preconditions for the safety and availability of nuclear power plants. On the basis of the rules of the Kerntechnischer Ausschuss KTA 1401 the quality management in the former Bayernwerk AG and the Bayernwerk Kernenergie GmbH as well as in the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Auftragnehmerbeurteilung within the VGB Technical Association of Large Power Plant Operators is described. (orig.) [de

Strong demand for natural uranium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalinowski, P.

1975-01-01

The Deutsches Atomforum and the task group 'fuel elements' of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft had organized an international two-day symposium in Mainz on natural uranium supply which was attended by 250 experts from 20 countries. The four main themes were: Demand for natural uranium, uranium deposits and uranium production, attitude of the uranium producing countries, and energy policy of the industrial nations. (orig./AK) [de

Condition monitoring for offshore wind parks. A module for ensuring plant availability and risk minimization; Condition Monitoring fuer Offshore-Windparks. Ein Baustein zur Sicherstellung der Anlagenverfuegbarkeit und zur Risikominimierung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoering, B. [Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, Essen (Germany). Engine Logic Division

2003-07-01

The economic success of offshore wind energy and hence its competitiveness alongside conventional energy generation depends to a major extent on the reliability and availability of the installations. The profitability is determined, as is efficiency, by the costs for operation and maintenance over the whole plant life. Only plants with low operational management costs are therefore attractive in the long-term for the market and will help create customer satisfaction and loyalty. Because the costs for servicing and maintenance of offshore installations will be several times higher than for onshore facilities, the manufacturers and operators are called upon to think about new approaches to monitoring and maintaining offshore wind turbines. (orig.) [German] Der wirtschaftliche Erfolg der Offshore-Windenergie und somit die Konkurrenzfaehigkeit gegenueber konventioneller Energiegewinnung haengt massgeblich von der Zuverlaessigkeit und der Verfuegbarkeit der Anlagen ab. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit wird neben dem Wirkungsgrad durch die Kosten fuer Betrieb und Wartung waehrend der gesamten Anlagenlebensdauer bestimmt. Nur Anlagen mit geringen Betriebsfuehrungskosten sind daher fuer den Markt langfristig attraktiv und tragen zur Kundenzufriedenheit und -bindung bei. Weil die Kosten fuer Wartung und Instandhaltung von Offshore-Anlagen um ein vielfaches hoeher sein werden als bei Onshore-Anlagen, sind die Hersteller und Betreiber aufgefordert, ueber neue Konzepte der Windenergieanlagen-(WEA-)Ueberwachung und -instandhaltung nachzudenken. (orig.)

Nuclear problems 1983: Renormalization of a stagnating market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1983-01-01

The 1983 Annual Meeting on Nuclear Engineering was held by Deutsches Atomforum (DAtF) and Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG) in Berlin on June 14 to 16, 1983. The article presents parts of the opening speeches of H. Hennies, chairman of the meeting, and R. von Weizsaecker, mayor in office of Berlin, the closing speech of R. Guck, chairman of Deutsches Atomforum, and the speech of H. Riesenhuber, Federal Minister for Research and Technology. (orig.) [de

Manufacture and qualification of hot roll-clad composites with nickel base cladding material for use in flue gas desulphurization plants. Final report; Herstellung und Qualifizierung warmwalzplattierter Verbundwerkstoffe mit Nickelbasisauflagen fuer den Einsatz in Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kirchheiner, R.; Stenner, F.

1992-03-16

Flue gas desulphurization plants (FGD), which have been required by law since 1983, mainly apply wet scrubbing techniques. The chemical reactions taking place in those plants lead to extremely corrosive situations. Unprotected carbon steel surfaces or organic based anticorrosive systems are extremely affected after being in operation for only a few years. NiCrM alloys applied by the chemical industry in comparable situations have proved their efficiency for decades. When such massive components are newly built in FDGs, economic aspects require the use of those NiCrMo alloys in clad form. Within the frame of this project tests included the manufacture of hot roll-clad composites comprising cladding materials of the type NiMo16Cr15W (2.4819) and NiCr21Mo14W (2.4602) on the base steel RST 37-2. Large-sized sheets (10000 x 2000 x 10+2 mm) were made by means of an optimized cladding technique. The behaviour of the cladding material in case of uniform and local corrosion exposure was examined in standard laboratory tests. An increased susceptibility to intercrystalline corrosion was not detected, according to the excellent microstructure. Further laboratory tests under simulated FGD conditions and exposure tests in FGDs in operation permitted the transfer of those positive test results to practical work. The same applies without limitation to the joint-welded state with similar filler material of clad a comparable chemical composition. With respect to their technological behaviour the new hot roll-clad composites correspond to that of solid sheets of NiCrMo alloys; therefore they are qualified for use in flue gas desulphurization plants. (orig./BBR) With 32 refs., 13 tabs., 29 figs. [Deutsch] In den seit 1983 gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Anlagen zur Rauchgasentschwefelung (REA) werden ueberwiegend nasse Waschverfahren eingesetzt. Die in diesen Anlagen ablaufenden chemischen Reaktionen fuehren zu extrem korrosiven Bedingungen. Ungeschuetzte C-Stahl-Oberflaechen bzw

Shielding calculations with SCALE/MAVRIC and comparison with measurements for the TN85 cask with vitrified high level radioactive waste

Science.gov (United States)

Thiele, Holger; Börst, Frank-Michael

2017-09-01

A series of dose rate/spectra measurements in the German interim storage facility Gorleben was carried out at a TN85 cask in April 2009. This type of cask is used for the transport and interim storage of vitrified high level radioactive waste (HAW) from reprocessing. The aim of this work is to assess the shielding component MAVRIC of the SCALE code system with these measurements for the use in the German Bundesamt für Kerntechnische Entsorgungssicherheit (BfE).

Quality assurance of civil works during the construction of a nuclear power plant in Germany, F.R

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hillemeier, B.

1980-01-01

During the construction of Nuclear Power Plants in Germany extended system-oriented steps will have to be mentioned, which the 'Kerntechnischer Ausschuss' has gathered up in his KTA-rules. The lecture outlines the organization and the performance of QA-requirements which are the common and lawful basis for the construction in Germany. The organizational structure and the functional responsability assignments at HOCHTIEF, one of the leading European contractors, will be represented. At last the QA-procedures will be described for a Nuclear Power Plant under erection. (orig.)

The use of nuclear energy between the market place and public debate - 1989 nuclear energy annual conference in Duesseldorf

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehmann, W.M.

1989-01-01

The Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. and the Deutsches Atomforum e.V. jointly organized the traditional annual conference 'Nuclear Technology' in the Duesseldorf Messe-Congress-Center from 9th to 11th May, 1989. It took place at a time which is characterized by unbroken uncertainty about the future of the THTR, the Wackersdorf reprocessing plant, the significance of scenarios for abandoning nuclear energy and about the economic effects of the European Single Market which will become effective by 1992. Numerous papers and discussions reflected the yet unsolved problem of acceptance. (orig.) [de

Composing and consolidating a nuclear programme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehmann, W.M.

1985-01-01

The conference of the Atomic Technology Company (Kerntechnische Gesellschaft) and the German Atomic Forum (Deutsches Atomforum), concluded in the second half of May 1985, renewed its continued interest in the development of atomic technology and in the solution of inter-related technical and economic questions. The following discussions, complemented by other specialised contributions in this journal, deal with the following: the history, the position and future of the development of atomic technology in the F.R.G., and basic papers on the prospects for the fusion reactor and the SNR-2 project. (orig./UA) [de

Rotating UPS installations and dynamic energy storage. Comparison of static and rotating UPS and comparison of dynamic energy storage using batteries - Final Report; Rotierende USV-Anlagen und dynamische Energiespeicherung. Vergleich der statischen mit rotierenden USV-Anlagen und Vergleich der dynamischen Energiespeicherung mit Batterieanlagen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mauchle, P.; Schnyder, G.

2010-01-15

As an alternative to the static UPS-Systems (uninterruptible power supply systems), rotating UPS-Systems can be applied. The application and the realisation of rotating UPS-Systems are different to the one of static UPS-Systems. Furthermore at the rotating UPS-Systems is to distinguish, if the UPS-System is realised as a diesel dynamic UPS-System, with an activity up from 400 kVA, or if the dynamic part is limited to the energy storage, with an activity up from 60 kVA. The diesel dynamic UPS-Systems are composed of a synchronous machine, an asynchronous machine with a flywheel, respectively a kinetic module and the diesel engine. The connection to the critical user at the low voltage network occurs using an inductor and the accordant switchgears. The application of a diesel dynamic UPS-System is optimal when it can be connected with an emergency power supply. With the realisation of dynamic energy storages, battery systems can be avoided respectively can be reduced or the lifetime of batteries can be extended. It is only possible to avoid the batteries if the requested autonomous time of the UPS-System is shorter than two minutes. Is an autonomous time longer than 2 minutes necessary, battery systems have to be realised for the energy storage. Thereby dynamic energy storage in parallel to the battery system is useful, because the dynamic energy storage will compensate temporary voltage drops or short power failures. In this way the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery system will be reduced and therefore the lifetime of the battery will be extended. The use of a dynamic or static UPS system is dependent on the requirements of the powered load. Taking into account various criteria it can be found for each specific application the optimal type of UPS system. (authors)

Virtual power plants in energy industry law. Possible manifestations and from them resulting legal questions; Virtuelle Kraftwerke im Energiewirtschaftsrecht. Moegliche Erscheinungsformen und daraus resultierende Rechtsfragen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kahlbrandt, Lea Katharina [Bucerius Law School, Hamburg (Germany)

2017-08-15

Although cogeneration plants are operated with fossil fuels are not quite as environmentally friendly as EEG systems they have a much more favorable effect due to their high efficiency climate as conventional power plants. In the future this could can even improve with the aid of fuel cell technology. Therefore, they play for the transition to a safe and secure more efficient power supply conditions for a merger of cogeneration plants overall favorable, in particular because that no influence on the or the emission trading obligation of the plant operators has. However, the complete elimination of avoided network charges could be counterproductive. Just virtual power plants of cogeneration plants have an effect on a feed-in that the grid not charged, so fees for a decentralized feed in these cases can be justified. Also the development of cogeneration development within the framework of the newly introduced calls will have a major impact on the development of virtual power stations. [German] Zwar sind KWK-Anlagen, die mit fossilen Brennstoffen betrieben werden, nicht ganz so umweltfreundlich wie EEG-Anlagen, doch haben sie aufgrund ihres hohen Wirkungsgrades eine viel guenstigere Klimabilanz als konventionelle Kraftwerke. In Zukunft koennte diese sich mithilfe der Brennstoffzellen-Technologie sogar noch verbessern. Daher spielen sie fuer den Uebergang zu einer sicheren und klimafreundlicheren Stromversorgung eine wichtige Rolle. Die Bedingungen fuer einen Zusammenschluss von KWK-Anlagen sind insgesamt guenstig, insbesondere weil jener keinen Einfluss auf die Foerdersaetze oder die Emissionshandelspflicht der Anlagenbetreiber hat. Allerdings koennte die vollstaendige Abschaffung vermiedener Netzentgelte kontraproduktiv sein. Gerade virtuelle Kraftwerke aus KWK-Anlagen wirken auf eine Einspeisung hin, die das Netz nicht ueberfordert, sodass Entgelte fuer eine dezentrale Einspeisung in diesen Faellen durchaus eine Rechtfertigung haben. Auch die Entwicklung des KWK

Autonomy of industry - possibilities and limits in a pluralistic society

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schoch, W.

1976-01-01

Examples of free enterprise acting on its own responsibility are given which relate to the state-independent area in which the state has no need to intervene, or to an area in which the state cooperates with the autonomous forces of society in solving tasks as one of the responsible partners. The examples are a) the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druckbehaelter (AD), b) the Deutsches Institut fuer Normung (DIN), c) the Deutscher Dampfkessel-Ausschuss (DDA) and the Kerntechnischer Ausschuss (KTA) as the initiators of standards, and d) the Technische Ueberwachungs-Vereine (TUeV) as service organizations. (orig./HP) [de

Development of the heavy manipulator vehicle system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herbst, C.; Paustian, P.; Kruger, W.

1993-01-01

After the severe reactor accident of Tschernobyl in 1986 MaK System started to develop a Heavy Manipulator Vehicle System under contract from German nuclear technology assistance company ''KHG'' (Kerntechnische Hilfsdienst GmbH). The system comprises a remote controlled manipulator vehicle, a mobile mission control stand as well as a transport/service unit. In order to fulfill the high demands of this complex system a couple of new developments had to be started. The paper describes some of these developments and gives an overview about the main features of the Heavy Manipulator Vehicle System (HMV). (author)

Manipulator vehicles and loading shovels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brudermueller, G.; Krueger, W.

1992-01-01

Kerntechnische Hilfsdienst GmbH (KHG) is an institution jointly founded by electricity utilities, fuel cycle industries, and national research centers to provide specialist equipment for removing the consequences of accidents inside plants and recognizing damage in the immediate vicinity of such plants, maintain such equipment in an operational condition, and provide personnel instructed in work of this kind. The specialized technical equipment developed includes carriages, carrier vehicles for manipulators, grabs, TV cameras or measuring gear. In addition to manipulator vehicles, especially loading shovels are used. Radio-controlled vehicles are used where cable operation is either not reliable enough or has failed. (orig.) [de

www.kernenergie.de - nuclear power has a German Internet address

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2000-01-01

www.kernenergie.de is the address on the worldwide web under which the German nuclear organizations, Deutsches Atomforum (DAtF), Informationskreis Kernenergie (IK), and Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG) as well as atw - internationale Zeitschrift fuer Kernenergie, and INFORUM can be reached. Extensive sources of information, discussions, on-line dictionaries, computer codes, dynamic web pages, digital documents and multimedia offerings can be called up via the portal under the individual web sites. In this way, www.kernenergie.de provides a comprehensive and up-to-date background of information about nuclear power and adjacent topics in the digital worldwide web. (orig.) [de

Electrochemical storage systems for renewable power supply systems. Workshop; Elektrochemische Speichersysteme fuer regenerative Energieversorgungsanlagen. Workshop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garche, J.; Hoehe, W. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Ulm (Germany); Stadermann, G. [eds.] [Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie, Berlin (Germany)

1999-07-01

This volume contains 26 contributions on batteries and PV systems. Vol. 1 discusses the following subjects: 1. Evaluation and assessment of the performance of battery systems in existing PV systems; 2. Status and prospects of storage systems; 3. Experience, requirements and markets; 4. Storage battery operation and assessment; 5. Systems engineering and operation of PV systems. [German] Dieser Band enthaelt 26 Beitraege zum aktuellen Stand der Batterien sowie der dazugehoerigen Systeme fuer Photovoltaik-Anlagen. Der Band ist in fuenf Themenbereiche unterteilt: 1. Auswertung und Bewertung des Betriebsverhaltens von Batteriesystemen in bestehenden PV-Anlagen; 2. Stand und Zukunft von Speichersystemen; 3.Erfahrungen, Anforderungen und Maerkte; 4. Speicher-Betriebsfuehrung und -Zustandsbestimmung; und 5. Systemtechnik und Betriebsfuehrung von PV-Systemen.

Combined heat and power generation - a problem of reimbursement? CHP systems still on the march; BHKW - nur eine Frage der angemessenen Verguetung? Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung weiter im Aufwind

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jost, H.

1996-04-15

Systems for combined heat and power generation were a widely discussed issue in 1995. On the one hand, an ecological assessment was made by a study of the Eduard-Pestel-Institut fuer Systemforschung, Hanover. On the other hand, the problem of reimbursement for electricity supplied to the public grid is still unsolved. (orig.) [Deutsch] Anlagen zur gekoppelten Erzeugung von Strom (Kraft) und Waerme (KWK) waren im Jahr 1995 Gegenstand einer intensiven Diskussion. Zum einen hat eine Diskussion zur oekologischen Bewertung von KWK-Anlagen stattgefunden, die im wesentlichen von einer Studie des Eduard-Pestel-Instituts fuer Systemforschung in Hannover angestossen wurde. Zum anderen sind die Verguetungen fuer KWK-Strom in das oeffentliche Netz nach wie vor umstritten. (orig.)

The water pollution representative. The specialist knowledge for the internal wastewater treatment; Der Gewaesserschutzbeauftragte. Das Fachwissen fuer die innerbetriebliche Abwasserbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frahne, D.; Graef, R.; Kratsch, D.

1998-05-01

The first chapter deals with the most important legal aspects, handles the regulations after which plants with waste water and water pollutants are to be operated as well as the duties and rights of the water pollution representative. In the second chapter, proved and common means are discussed as they are adopted for the processing of chemicals and waste waters on the point of origin. To this belong major handling of water polluting substances and the corresponding plants as well as examples of off waste water saving processes and plants for waste water processing. In the third chapter, the environment analytical measures are described. (orig./GL) [Deutsch] Das erste Kapitel geht auf die wichtigsten rechtlichen Aspekte ein, behandelt die Regelungen, nach denen Anlagen mit Abwasser und wassergefaehrdenden Stoffen zu betreiben sind, sowie die Pflichten und Rechte des Gewaesserschutzbeauftragten. Im zweiten Kapitel werden bewaehrte und verbreitete Methoden besprochen, wie sie fuer die Behandlung von Chemikalien und Abwaessern am Entstehungsort eingefuehrt sind. Dazu gehoeren vorrangig der Umgang mit wassergefaehrdenden Stoffen und den entsprechenden Anlagen sowie auch Beispiele abwassersparender Behandlungsverfahren und Anlagen zur Abwasserbehandlung. Im dritten Kapitel werden die umweltanalytischen Massnahmen erlaeutert. Dabei werden einfach durchzufuehrende Massnahmen der Vor-Ort-Analytik, wie sie sich im `Feldeinsatz` bewaehrt haben, in den Vordergrund gestellt. (orig./GL)

Development of a product data model to support an integral planning of buildings and their heating- and air conditioning devices; Entwicklung eines Produktdatenmodells zur Unterstuetzung der integralen Planung von Gebaeuden und ihrer heiz- und raumlufttechnischen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hinkelmann, M.

2000-08-01

. (orig.) [German] Der Lebenszyklus aller technischen Anlagen ist weitgehend gleich. Eine Anlage wird zunaechst geplant, dann errichtet und abgenommen, anschliessend beginnt der normale Betrieb. Im regulaeren Betrieb wird in regelmaessigen Zeitabstaenden eine Wartung durchgefuehrt. In groesseren Abstaenden werden umfangreiche Erneuerungen, Renovierungen, notwendig. Der zeitliche Ablauf eiener Renovierung ist wie der zeitliche Ablauf einer Neuplanung. In jeder Phase des Lebenszyklus werden Software-Werkzeuge zur Bewertung der Planungs- bzw. Betriebszustaende und zur Unterstuetzung der Planungsaufgaben eingesetzt. Die Effizienz dieser Werkzeuge haengt entscheidend von einem reibungslosen Datenaustausch ab. Es gilt daher ein Schema zu finden, das die Integration der Software-Werkzeuge fuer Planung, Betrieb und Renovierung ermoeglicht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Szenario zur Integration von Planungs- und Bewertungswerkzeugen fuer HLK-Anlagen entwickelt. Das Szenario orientiert sich an den Gegebenheiten des heute ueblichen Planungsablaufs mit verschiedenen unabhaengigen Planern. Zentraler Bestandteil dieses Szenarios ist ein Produktdatenmodell, das sich durch eine flexible und offene Beschreibung von Gebaeude und technischer Anlage auszeichnet. Es wird eine, als ein Metamodell bezeichnete, uebergeordnete Struktur vorgeschlagen, mit deren Hilfe das Produktdatenmodell einheitlich und ueberschaubar dargestellt werden kann. Das Metamodell erleichtert zudem die Erweiterungen des Datenmodells, da Erweiterungen zunaechst auf der abstrakten Ebene des Metamodells behandelt werden koennen und erst in einem zweiten Schritt ausformuliert werden. Um nicht eine Vielzahl von technischen Komponenten abbilden zu muessen, wird ein allgemeines Datenmodell fuer technische Komponenten vorgeschlagen, das mit Hilfe eines abstrakten Datentyps 'Parameter' implementiert wird. Das im Rahmen dieser Arbeit implementierte System ermoeglicht erstmalig, Simulationsmodelle fuer das

Increasing demand for service: WTS create new jobs and extend their services; Immer mehr Service ist notwendig: WTS schafft neue Arbeitsplaetze und erweitert das Angebot

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2001-07-01

There is increasing demand for fast, reliable servicing of wind power systems. WTS, an Ibbenbueren-based organisation, offer retrofitting of secondary flow filter systems for lubricating oils, alarm signals for aircraft traffic, the SOBO soft braking system for medium-sized plants, and complete assembly both nationally and internationally (rotors, gearing, offshore systems). [German] Die Nachfrage nach einem schnellen, zuverlaessigen Service rund um die Wind Kraft Anlagen steigt. WTS aus Ibbenbuehren, bisher sehr erfolgreich in der Nachruestung von Nebenstromfilteranlagen fuer Getriebeoele, in der Ausruestung mit Gefahrfeuern fuer die Flugsicherung, in der Nachruestung mittelgrosser Anlagen mit dem SOBO Softbremssystem zur Schonung der wertvollen Bauteile, sowie in der kompletten Anlagenmontage national und international, erweitert das Angebot (fuer den Rotor; das Getriebe und die Planung im Offshore Markt). (orig./AKF)

XML-basierte Produkt- und Prozessdaten für die Leittechnik-Projektierung

Science.gov (United States)

Schleipen, Miriam

Für die Überwachung und Steuerung hochkomplexer Produktionsprozesse werden Prozessleitsysteme eingesetzt. Ständige Veränderungen zwingen Produktionsbetriebe wandlungsfähig zu sein. Entsprechend muss auch die Technik diese Flexibilität unterstützen. Jede Veränderung des Produktionsprozesses muss eingeplant, die Anlagen neu konfiguriert und projektiert werden. Dabei müssen auch neue Prozessbilder für die Bedien- und Steuerungssysteme erstellt werden. Am Fraunhofer IITB wurde ein Engineering-Framework entwickelt, das das Leitsystem automatisch projektiert und die zugehörige Prozessvisualisierung generiert. In diesem Beitrag wird das Modul vorgestellt, dass die Prozessabbilder erstellt. Neben der Visualisierung von Anlagen werden auch laufende Prozesse und bearbeitete Produkte dargestellt. So können beispielsweise Identsysteme mit der Leittechnik gekoppelt werden.

Managing knowledge and information on nuclear safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hahn, L.

2005-01-01

Described is the management of nuclear safety knowledge through education networks, knowledge pool, sharing, archiving and distributing the knowledge information. Demonstrated is the system used at Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit

Full speed ahead into a blind alley?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berke, C.

1999-01-01

For many decades, Dr. Claus Berke worked at the interface of technology and politics. This is particularly true of nuclear technology. Between 1985 and 1989, he was Chairman of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft; between 1989 and 1995, President of the Deutsches Atomforum. In Brussels, he was President of Foratom for a period of two years. Dr. Berke has been distinguished by a number of awards for his services. The Kerntechnische Gesellschaft has now appointed him its Honorary Member in recognition of his commitment to nuclear technology. The article is an excerpt from a speech made by Dr. Berke to the KTG at the awarding ceremony. Dr. Berke deals with the question why the acceptance of nuclear power in this country has become so negative, in contrast to the situation with our main competitors on the world market, especially France. He traces the growth of ideologies in the German political party scene, which resulted in destroying national unity in this important issue for the future. He feels that one of the major reasons for this development lies in the considerable loss of reputation and influence in the German public of science and engineering over the past thirty years. The situation with our French neighbors is quite different. Already French schools attach particular importance to mathematics, biology, physics, and chemistry. As a consequence, technical and scientific curricula are very attractive in France, while Germany is heading toward the paradoxical situation that industry will soon be short of more than ten thousand young engineers annually, while German universities produce a surplus of humanists for whom there will often be no proper jobs. (orig.) [de

Berlin and nuclear power. Courage to assume responsibility?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knorr, Juergen

2009-01-01

On October 28, 2009, the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG) awarded to Professor Dr. Juergen Knorr its 32 nd honorary membership in recognition of his untiring commitment and his decades of work for the peaceful uses of, and research into, nuclear power in Germany. Between 1992 and 2006 the scientist, now retired, held the Nuclear Power Technology chair at the Technical University of Dresden and, temporarily, also headed the university's Institute for Power Technology at the same time. From 1990, Professor Knorr was a member of the Executive Board of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft; he was KTG Chairman between 1993 and 2000. At the same time and beyond, until 2005, Professor Knorr was a member also of the Board of the Deutsches Atomforum. At the awarding ceremony in Berlin on October 28, KTG Chairman Dr. Helmut Blaesig welcomed the fact that, on the basis of the coalition agreement of CDU, CSU and FDP, the new federal government 'had clearly recognized the advantages of nuclear power.' It appreciated the safety of German plants and, in addition to the non-polluting characteristics due to CO 2 emissions saved and the security of supply, also the economic benefit of electricity generation from nuclear power. This supported the German economy in a situation which continued to be difficult. In his vote of thanks for the 32 nd honorary membership of KTG, Professor Knorr emphasized what he considered a key expectation of the re-evaluation of nuclear power by the new federal government: Creating framework conditions for a societal consensus that fair competition among conventional, renewable and nuclear power technologies will give rise to an optimum mix enabling sustainable development to be achieved. (orig.)

Increased burnup of fuel elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahlf, J.

1983-01-01

The specialists' group for fuel elements of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. held a meeting on ''Increased Burnup of Fuel Elements'' on 9th and 10th of November 1982 at the GKSS Research Center Geesthacht. Most papers dealt with the problems of burnup increase of fuel elements for light water reactors with respect to fuel manufacturing, power plant operation and reprocessing. Review papers were given on the burnup limits for high temperature gas cooled reactors and sodium fast breeder reactors. The meeting ended with a presentation of the technical equipment of the hot laboratory of the GKSS and the programs which are in progress there. (orig.) [de

Solar customers and how to acquire them; Wer ist unser Solarkunde und wie koennen wir ihn gewinnen?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitz, W. [Walter Schmitz Marketingberatung, Duesseldorf (Germany)

2003-07-01

In May 2002 the new Initiative Solarwaerme Plus was founded in Berlin. In comparison to former activities, this one was not intended as a broad public campaign but a focused marketing project which should help local plumbers to sell more 'Solarwaerme-Anlagen'. The Initiative Solarwaerme Plus started it's activities with two basic marketing research surveys to explore what German consumers and house owners think about thermal solar energy. These two surveys, based on most developed market research methods, achieved lots of new 'know how', which helps the initiative to developed tailor-made information and advertising material. Initiative's marketing people learned that owners of thermal solar energy devices were not mainly motivated by ecological means, but fascinated about the amount of warm water, such a device delivers. (orig.) [German] Im Mai 2002 wurde die neue Initiative Solarwaerme Plus gegruendet. Diese Initiative sollte keine gesellschaftliche Informationskampagne werden, sondern ein konkretes Marketingprojekt, um den Verkauf von Solarwaerme-Anlagen zu foerdern. Ziele der Initiative sind zum Beispiel: (a) Solarwaerme-Anlagen sollen zum selbstverstaendlichen 'Standard' bei der Heizungsmodernisierung werden - nicht nur fuer oekologisch Motivierte, sondern fuer 'Jedermann'. (b) Mittelfristig soll die Abhaengigkeit von der staatlichen Foerderung abgebaut werden. Modernes Marketing basiert jedoch ganz wesentlich auf einer fundierten Datenbasis ueber den Verbraucher. Also wurde seinerzeit beschlossen, mittels Marktforschung eine solche Datenbasis zu beschaffen. (orig.)

Sick building syndrome - results of the 'Proklima' research project; Befindlichkeitsstoerungen in Buerogebaeuden - Ergebnisse aus dem Proklima Forschungsprojekt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruppa, B. [Bundesindustrieverband Heizungs-, Klima-, Sanitaertechnik und Technische Gebaeudesysteme e.V., Bonn (Germany); Bischof, W.; Brasche, S. [Arbeitsgruppe Raumklimatologie der FSU Jena (ARK), Erfurt (Germany); Bullinger-Naber, M. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Medizinische Psychologie; Mayer, E. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Bauphysik, Holzkirchen (Germany); Gebhardt, H. [Wuppertal Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Inst. fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Sicherheitstechnik und Ergonomie

2000-07-01

In the world's biggest research project, the sick building syndrome was investigated in Germany between 1995 and 1999. In all, 8 air-conditioned buildings and 6 non-air-conditioned buildings, 40 space HVAC systems and 1497 places of work were analyzed, and 4,500 persons were asked to provide data. For the first time ever, measured physical, biological and chemical data were compared with the subjective data provided by the inquiry forms. It was found that the concentrations and hygienic status of air conditioning systems do have an effect on subjective comfort. Buildings with well-designed and well-serviced space HVAC systems had better results than buildings without air conditioning systems. However, it is the psychosocial environment and the job description of building inhabitants that decide their response in terms of sick building syndrome. Factors like gender, job satisfaction, job specifications and educational level are more important than space HVAC systems. [German] Im Rahmen eines der weltweit groessten Forschungsprojekte zum Thema 'Sick Building Syndrome' wurden in Deutschland zwischen 1995 und 1999 umfangreiche Untersuchungen durchgefuehrt mit dem Ziel, die Ursachen und Folgen von Befindlichkeitsstoerungen in Buerogebaeuden zu ermitteln. Insgesamt wurden 8 klimatisierte und 6 nicht klimatisierte Gebaeude, 40 raumlufttechnische Anlagen und 1497 Arbeitsplaetze untersucht sowie ueber 4.500 Personen befragt. Die Ergebnisse erlauben zum ersten Mal einen direkten Vergleich der gemessenen physikalischen, biologischen und chemischen Werte mit den subjektiven Angaben (Fragebogendaten) an klimatisierten und nicht klimatisierten Arbeitsplaetzen. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass die Konzentration der Anlagen und deren hygienischer Wartungszustand einen Einfluss auf die Befindlichkeit der Mitarbeiter haben. Gebaeude mit gut geplanten und gewarteten RLT-Anlagen schneiden in der Bewertung sogar besser ab als nicht klimatisierte Gebaeude. Die groessten

Illicit operation of industrial plant subject to licensing, or of other installations within the purview of the German Federal Emission Control Act (BImSchG), which have been shut down for protection against hazards (section 327, subsection 2, No. 1 Penal Code (StGB)); Das unerlaubte Betreiben von genehmigungsbeduerftigen Anlagen oder sonstigen Anlagen im Sinne des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes, deren Betrieb zum Schutz vor Gefahren untersagt worden ist (Paragraph 327 Abs.2 Nr.1 StGB)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ocker, A.

1995-12-31

The 18th act of 28 March 1980 for amendment of the German Criminal Code (StGB) incorporated the provisions governing the criminal offence of illicit operation of installations subject to licensing into the StGB. These provisions have until then been forming part of the BImSchG (Federal Act on Emission Control). The study in hand presents a discussion of section 327, subsection 2, No. 1 StGB, because this provision represents a fundamental type of an administration accessory criminal offence and thus is suitable to be taken as a basis for an analysis of the scope of problems covered by the StGB, but having an effect on and being interlaced with offences governed by other acts and legal provisions. The study addresses inter alia items such as the object of legal protection defined by this section of the StGB, the provisions defining the licensability of a non-licensed installation in operation, and the consequences of defective decisions under administrative law on the applicability of criminal law provisions. The specific aspects of section 327 StGB, which are of a dominantly administrative nature, are discussed, in particular those referring to the definition of the term ``industrial installation`` as defined by the BImSchG. [Deutsch] Durch das 18. Strafrechtsaenderungsgesetz vom 28.3.1980 wurde der Straftatbestand des unerlaubten Betreibens von Anlagen, die einer Genehmigung nach dem Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz beduerfen, aus dem BImSchG in das Kernstrafrecht ueberfuehrt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung versucht eine eingehendere Auseinandersetzung mit Para. 327 Abs. 2 Nr. 1 StGB, weil diese Vorschrift als ein Grundtypus der verwaltungsakzessorischen Straftatbestaende die Gelegenheiit zur vertieften Diskussion von umfassenderen strafrechtlichen Problemkreisen gibt. Angesprochen sind insoweit vor allem die Frage des geschuetzten Rechtsgutes der Norm, der Behandlung der materiellen Genehmigungsfaehigkeit eines ungenehmigten Anlagenbetriebs sowie der Auswirkungen von

Solar air conditioning. Dresden colloquium; Solare Klimatisierung. Dresdner Kolloquium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

Subjects: R + D activities in solar air conditioning; dessicative and evaporative cooling (DEC) - systems and components; Chances of solar air conditioning in Europe; Practical experience with solar-assisted air conditioning; Performance of a solar system at Lissabon; DEC system in the Alsenblock building, Berlin; Does solar air conditioning require specially designed buildings; Performance of solar heated adsorption refrigerators; Low-capacity absacity absorption systems for solar air conditioning. [German] Die Kolloquiumsschrift beinhaltet Unterlagen ueber die abgehandelten Themen. Sie lauten: F and E-Aktivitaeten im Bereich Solare Klimatisierung; SGK(DEC-Technik) - ausgefuehrte Anlagen und deren Komponenten; Chancen der solaren Klimatisierung in Europa; Erfahrungen mit der solarunterstuetzten Klimatisierung; Energieverbrauch und Regelung von SGK-Anlagen; Betriebserfahrungen einer Solaranlage in Lissabon; Realisierung der SGK im Alsenblock Berlin; Erfordert die solare Klimatisierung besondere Gebaeude?; Betriebserfahrungen mit solar beheizten Adsorptionskaeltemaschinen; Absorptionsanlagen kleiner Leistung fuer solare Klimatisierung. (orig.)

On the genesis of articular cartilage. Embryonic joint development and gene expression - implications for tissue engineering

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jenner, F

2013-01-01

Articular chondrocytes descend from a distinct cohort of progenitor cells located in the embryonic joint anlagen, termed interzones. Their unique lineage might explain some of the problems encountered using chondrocytes of different lineages for articular cartilage tissue engineering. While it is

Particle reduction strategies - PAREST. Evaluation of emission reduction scenarios using chemical transport calculations. PM10- and NO{sub 2}-immission contributions in Germany. Wood combustion in small combustion systems; installations of the 13th and 17th BImSchV (Federal Immission Control Act). Sub-report.; Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung - PAREST. Bewertung von Emissionsminderungsszenarien mit Hilfe chemischer Transportberechnungen. PM10- und NO{sub 2}-Immissionsbeitraege in Deutschland. Holzverbrennung in Kleinfeuerungsanlagen, Anlagen der 13. und 17. BImSchV. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stern, Rainer [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Meteorologie, Troposphaerische Umweltforschung

2013-06-15

This report was prepared within the research project ''Particle reduction strategies - PAREST.'' In this paper with the chemical transport model REM CALGRID following questions were investigated: 1 What is the contribution of the wood-fired small combustion plants in Germany to the PM10- and NO {sub 2}-concentrations? 2 What is the contribution of the 13th and 17th BlmSchV covered installations to the PM10 and NO{sub 2} concentrations in Germany? [German] Der vorliegende Bericht wurde im Rahmen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhabens ''Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung'' erstellt. In dem Beitrag werden mit dem chemischen Transportmodell REM-CALGRID folgende Fragestellungen untersucht: 1. Wie hoch ist der Beitrag der mit Holz beheizten Kleinfeuerungsanlagen in Deutschland zu den PM10- und den NO{sub 2}-Konzentrationen? 2. Wie hoch ist der Beitrag der von der 13. und 17. BImSchV erfassten Anlagen zu den PM10-und NO-2-Konzentrationen in Deutschland?.

Annual report 1974

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1975-01-01

The 1974 annual report deals with the work of the 'Kerntechnischer Ausschuss' (KTA) in its second year of existence. While in 1973 a great deal of time was necessarily spent on questions of organization and procedure, the regulatory work is prominent in 1974. This is illustrated by the following facts: Of 26 regulatory guides under review two have been wound up privisionally as the KTA approved the publication of these regulatory guides drafts. Another 16 regulatory guides have gone through the preliminary reporting phase, and a motion was passed to start the work on the regulatory guide drafts. The description of the activities concerning regulatory work is arranged according to subjects in order to make the report easy to survey. (orig./LN) [de

Retinoic acid in developmental toxicology: Teratogen, morphogen and biomarker.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Piersma, Aldert H; Hessel, Ellen V; Staal, Yvonne C

This review explores the usefulness retinoic acid (RA) related physiological factors as possible biomarkers of embryotoxicity. RA is involved in the morphogenesis of the early embryo as well as in the development and maturation of a wide variety of organ anlagen. The region-specific homeostasis of

Scientific and technical programme parallel to the 'Solarthermie 2000' research and demonstration programme. Final report; Wissenschaftlich-technische Programmbegleitung im Demonstrations- und Forschungsprogramm Solarthermie 2000. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goering, J.; Freitag, T.; Schirmer, U.

2000-07-01

The programme 'Solarthermie 2000' aimed at the testing and optimization of active solar systems, especially for service water heating. Sub-programme 2 was to provide the technical fundamentals and achieve a certain degree of standardization in order to make the technology economically competitive. This necessitated long-term monitoring of a representative number of systems. [German] Im Rahmen des Foerder- und Demonstrationsprogramms Solarthermie 2000, Teilprogramm 2 erfolgt durch die Foerderung von bis zu 100 solarthermischer Anlagen mit Schwerpunkt in den neuen Bundeslaendern eine umfassende Erprobung und Optimierung von Systemen zur aktiven thermischen Sonnenenergienutzung vorwiegend zur Brauchwassererwaermung. Mit dem Teilprogramm 2 sollen die technischen Voraussetzungen fuer einen kuenftigen wirksamen Beitrag der Solarthermie zur Energieversorgung geschaffen und durch Systemstandardisierung die wirtschaftliche Konkurrenzfaehigkeit dieser Anlagen verbessert werden. Ausreichende Erfahrungen mit den unterschiedlichsten Systemkombinationen koennen nur dann gesammelt werden, wenn eine repraesentative Anzahl der diversen Anlagenvarianten errichtet, ueber einen laengeren Zeitraum betrieben und gleichzeitig intensiv beobachtet und analysiert werden. (orig.)

Multiple electronic permanent turbogenerator for turbine engines of the 90th. Final report; MED-Turbogeneratoren fuer Stroemungskraftmaschinen der 90er Jahre. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reiner, G.

1997-12-01

] Derzeitiger Stand von Forschung und Technik: Ueblicherweise werden Generatoren ueber ein Untersetzungsgetriebe an schnellaufende Gasturbinen angekoppelt. Dabei muss die Drehzahl der Gasturbine unabhaengig von der Lastanforderung konstant und starr an die Netzfrequenz gekoppelt bleiben. Im Teillastbereich sinkt der Wirkungsgrad der Gasturbine erheblich. Begruendung/Zielsetzung der Untersuchung: Mit dem Vorhaben sollen die Machbarkeit und die Funktionstuechtigkeit eines direkt an die schnellaufende Antriebsturbine gekoppleten Turbogenerators (TG) in Multipler-Elektronik-Dauermagnet (MED)-Bauweise nachgewiesen werden und die Voraussetzungen fuer den Bau von Prototypen in der Groessenklasse 20 kW bis 100 kW sowie 100 kW bis 1 MW geschaffen werden. Methode: Voruntersuchung, Auslegung, Berechnung und Konstruktion eines 40 kW und 400 kW (MED)-Turbogenerators. Herstellung und Inbetriebnahme jeweils eines Funktionsmusters. Herstellung bzw. Beschaffung sowie Aufbau erforderlicher Pruefeinrichtungen. Experimenteller Nachweis der Zieldaten. Ergebnis: Es wurden 3 Funktionsmuster mit Leistungselektronik und erforderlicher Peripherie hergestellt, am Pruefstand vermessen und getestet. Die projektierten Daten Nenndrehzahl, Nennspannung und Nennleistung konnten experimentell nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerungen/Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten: Der MED-Turbogenerator ermoeglicht eine kompakte Bauweise (Gewichts- und Volumenvorteile), die direkte Kopplung auf die Welle der Antriebsturbine (hoher Wirkungsgrad; Untersetzungsgetriebe entfaellt; Geraeuschminimierung) sowie in Verbindung mit einem Stromrichter eine konstante Netzfrequenz unabhaengig von der Drehzahl der Antriebsturbine. Insgesamt kann, verglichen mit konventioneller Technik, eine um 3-5% verbesserte Brennstoffausnutzung erwartet werden. Die Anwendung des TG kann sowohl in stationaeren Stromerzeugungsanlagen und Anlagen zur dezentralen Kraft/Waermekopplung als auch mobil fuer den elektrischen Antrieb schwerer Lkws und Omnibusse erfolgen

The Kerntechnische Gesellschaft - KTG: to allow an objective debate on nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2015-01-01

KTG, the German Nuclear Energy Society, was founded in 1969 with the purpose to promote a pacific use of nuclear energy. KTG is organized into regional groups and technical sections like its French counterpart (SFEN). KTG gathers about 2200 professionals of the nuclear industry. Despite the nuclear phase-out policy of the German authorities, nuclear activities in Germany remain important including nuclear plant decommissioning, reactor dismantling and radioactive waste managing. KTG's role stays important to help German industry to face all these challenges. KTG organizes training sessions, promotes international cooperation and public information. (A.C.)

Solar reactors for freshwater treatment in developing countries with high radiation intensity, with particular regard to part-project No. 1: Microbiology, process conception. Final report; Solarreaktoren fuer die Trinkwasseraufbereitung in Entwicklungslaendern mit hoher Sonnenstrahlungsintensitaet unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung von Teilprojekt 1: Mikrobiologie, Verfahrenskonzeption. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watzke, E.; Roth, M.; Hoffmeier, C.

2000-07-01

Simple and low-cost systems for freshwater disinfestation for developing countries with high solar radiation intensity were investigated for the purpose of providing freshwater of better microbiological quality to a wider population in order to prevent infectious diseases, especially diarrhoea diseases. The bactericidic effects of short-wave and long-wave solar radiation of the UV and NIR range in combination with heat were investigated. Special glasses with high UV-permeability were developed and tested for their applicability as tube materials in freshwater disinfestation systems. the systems were designed and constructed with a view to utilising the synergistic effects of UV and thermal radiation. For higher efficacy, the water is kept in an insulated tank at elevated temperature for several hours. Further, special-purpose glass vessels with high UV permeability were developed for disinfestation. In a follow-up project, long-term tests will be carried out in practical conditions in developing countries. [German] Das Ziel der Verbundforschung bestand in der Entwicklung einfacher, kostenguenstiger Anlagen und Vorrichtungen zur Trinkwasserentkeimung in Entwicklungslaendern mit hoher Sonnenstrahlungsintensitaet. Es soll damit ein Beitrag zur Bereitstellung von Trinkwasser mit wesentlich verbesserter mikrobiologischer Qualitaet fuer breite Bevoelkerungsschichten geleistet werden, um Infektionskrankheiten, insbesondere Diarrhoeerkrankungen zurueckzudraengen. Die bakterizide Wirkung der kurz- und langwelligen Sonnenstrahlung im UV- bzw. NIR-Bereich in Kombination mit Waermeeinwirkungen wurde untersucht. Spezielle hoch UV-durchlaessige Glaeser wurden entwickelt und ihre Eignung fuer einen Einsatz in Trinkwasserentkeimungsanlagen (TWEA) getestet. Mit hoch UV-druchlaessigen Rohren aus Spezialglaesern ausgeruestete TWEA wurden konstruiert und gebaut, mit denen der synergistische Effekt von UV- und Waermestrahlung der Sonne zur Trinkwasserdesinfektion genutzt wird. Zur

Fuel element structure - design, production and operational behaviour

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pott, G.; Dietz, W.

1985-01-01

The lectures held at the meeting of the fuel element section of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft gives a survey of developments in fuel element structure design for PWR-type, BWR-type and fast breeder reactors. For better utilization of the fuel, concepts have been developed for re-usable, removable and thus repairable fuel elements. Furthermore, the manufacturing methods for fuel element structures were refined to achieve better quality and more efficient manufacturing methods. Statements on the dimensional behaviour and on the mechanical stability of fuel element structures in normal and accident operation could be made on the basis of post-irradiation inspections. Finally, the design, manufacture and irradiation behaviour of graphite reflectors in HTGR-type reactors are described. The 12 lectures have been recorded in the data base separately. (RF) [de

The long way to the EPR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berke, C.

1997-01-01

At the joint conference organized by the German Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG) e.V. and the French Societe Francaise d'Energie Nucleaire (SFEN) in Cologne, the announcement was made on October 20, 1997 that Jean Claude Leny will be appointed Honorary Member of KTG. For reasons of ill health the new honorary member was prevented from attending the conference. In his place, Claus Berke sketched the history of the European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) and presented an overview of nuclear development in France and in Germany. Developing one standard reactor model in the primary objective of German-French cooperation in reactor development. The EPR is to replace the present nuclear generating units in France and Germany after the end of their planned service life, and is to be marketed as a standard export line. (orig.) [de

Nuclear power 1997: Assured know-how. Session reports of the annual meeting on nuclear technology, May 13-15, 1997, in Aachen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernnat, W.; Vayssier, G.; Unger, H.; Huettmann, A.; Sassenhagen, U.; Eickelpasch, N.; Eidens, J.

1997-01-01

After 1986 the 'Eurogress' of Aachen, was the venue of the Annual Nuclear Conference, this year on May 15, 1997. Attendance showed a slight increase, and the organizers. Deutsches Atomforum (DAtF) and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG), welcomed more than 1000 participants at the world's biggest event of this kind. The program was arranged in the traditional proven format, with plenary sessions on the first day, and technical sessions, poster sessions, special events, and technical excursions on the other two days. These proceedings were accompanied by an exhibition arranged by vendors, suppliers, and service companies. Following the summary of the plenary day published on pp. 375 to 386 in atw 7/97, the survey in this issue covers the technical sessions as seen by the rapporteurs. (orig.) [de

Full speed ahead into a blind alley?; Mit Vollgas in die Sackgasse?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berke, C.

1999-01-01

For many decades, Dr. Claus Berke worked at the interface of technology and politics. This is particularly true of nuclear technology. Between 1985 and 1989, he was Chairman of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft; between 1989 and 1995, President of the Deutsches Atomforum. In Brussels, he was President of Foratom for a period of two years. Dr. Berke has been distinguished by a number of awards for his services. The Kerntechnische Gesellschaft has now appointed him its Honorary Member in recognition of his commitment to nuclear technology. The article is an excerpt from a speech made by Dr. Berke to the KTG at the awarding ceremony. Dr. Berke deals with the question why the acceptance of nuclear power in this country has become so negative, in contrast to the situation with our main competitors on the world market, especially France. He traces the growth of ideologies in the German political party scene, which resulted in destroying national unity in this important issue for the future. He feels that one of the major reasons for this development lies in the considerable loss of reputation and influence in the German public of science and engineering over the past thirty years. The situation with our French neighbors is quite different. Already French schools attach particular importance to mathematics, biology, physics, and chemistry. As a consequence, technical and scientific curricula are very attractive in France, while Germany is heading toward the paradoxical situation that industry will soon be short of more than ten thousand young engineers annually, while German universities produce a surplus of humanists for whom there will often be no proper jobs. (orig.) [Deutsch] Dr. Claus Berke war viele Jahrzehnte lang dort erfolgreich taetig, wo sich Technik und Politik beruehren. Das gilt insbesondere fuer die Kerntechnik. Von 1985 bis 1989 war er Vorsitzender der Kerntechnischen Gesellschaft und von 1989 bis 1995 Praesident des Deutschen Atomforums. In Bruessel hat er

X-ray tomographic in-service testing of girth welds - The European project TomoWELD; Roentgen-tomographische In-Service-Pruefung von Rundschweissnaehten. Das Europaeische Projekt TomoWELD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ewert, Uwe; Redmer, Bernhard; Walter, David; Thiessenhusen, Kai-Uwe; Bellon, Carsten [BAM Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung, Berlin (Germany); Nicholson, P. Ian; Clarke, Alan [TWI Technology Centre, Port Talbot (United Kingdom); Finke-Haerkoenen, Klaus-Peter [Ajat Oy Ltd., Espoo (Finland); Scharfschwerdt, Joerg W.; Rohde, Karsten [AREVA GmbH, Erlangen (Germany)

2015-07-01

-7:2014 ''Wiederkehrende Pruefungen der Komponenten des Primaerkreises von Leichtwasserreaktoren - Teil 7: Durchstrahlungspruefung'' veroeffentlicht. Die wesentlichen Anforderungen werden diskutiert. Die neue TomoWELD- Anlage kann sowohl Messungen nach diesen Normen durchfuehren als auch tomographische Querschnittsbilder (aequivalent zu Schliffen) aufnehmen, um Anzeigengroessen zu bestimmen. Anwendungsbereiche sind chemische und kerntechnische Anlagen. Sie ermoeglicht eine schnelle Pruefung von Rundschweissnaehten im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Film oder Speicherfolien. Im Jahr 2006 wurde bereits die mechanisierte Planartomographie- Anlage, TomoCAR, eingefuehrt, mit der Querschnittsbilder gemessen werden konnten. TomoWELD nutzt einen neuen photonenzaehlenden und energieaufloesenden Detektor mit CdTe-CMOS-Kristallhybriden. Der neue Detektor gestattet die Wahl von Energieschwellen und ermoeglicht die Reduktion des Einflusses der Streustrahlung auf die Durchstrahlungsbilder und die rekonstruierten Querschnittsbilder. Eine optimierte Durchstrahlungsgeometrie mit einem neuen Manipulatordesign und ein schneller GPU-basierter Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus werden verwendet, um die Rekonstruktion zu beschleunigen und die Rekonstruktionsergebnisse zu verbessern. Die Groesse und die Form von planaren und voluminoesen Unregelmaessigkeiten koennen bestimmt werden. Das Konzept und die ersten Bilder werden vorgestellt.

Perichondrium phenotype and border function are regulated by Ext1 and heparan sulfate in developing long bones: a mechanism likely deranged in Hereditary Multiple Exostoses.

Science.gov (United States)

Huegel, Julianne; Mundy, Christina; Sgariglia, Federica; Nygren, Patrik; Billings, Paul C; Yamaguchi, Yu; Koyama, Eiki; Pacifici, Maurizio

2013-05-01

During limb skeletogenesis the cartilaginous long bone anlagen and their growth plates become delimited by perichondrium with which they interact functionally. Yet, little is known about how, despite being so intimately associated with cartilage, perichondrium acquires and maintains its distinct phenotype and exerts its border function. Because perichondrium becomes deranged and interrupted by cartilaginous outgrowths in Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME), a pediatric disorder caused by EXT mutations and consequent heparan sulfate (HS) deficiency, we asked whether EXT genes and HS normally have roles in establishing its phenotype and function. Indeed, conditional Ext1 ablation in perichondrium and lateral chondrocytes flanking the epiphyseal region of mouse embryo long bone anlagen - a region encompassing the groove of Ranvier - caused ectopic cartilage formation. A similar response was observed when HS function was disrupted in long bone anlagen explants by genetic, pharmacological or enzymatic means, a response preceded by ectopic BMP signaling within perichondrium. These treatments also triggered excess chondrogenesis and cartilage nodule formation and overexpression of chondrogenic and matrix genes in limb bud mesenchymal cells in micromass culture. Interestingly, the treatments disrupted the peripheral definition and border of the cartilage nodules in such a way that many nodules overgrew and fused with each other into large amorphous cartilaginous masses. Interference with HS function reduced the physical association and interactions of BMP2 with HS and increased the cell responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous BMP proteins. In sum, Ext genes and HS are needed to establish and maintain perichondrium's phenotype and border function, restrain pro-chondrogenic signaling proteins including BMPs, and restrict chondrogenesis. Alterations in these mechanisms may contribute to exostosis formation in HME, particularly at the expense of regions rich in progenitor

The small high-flyer; Der kleine Drueber-Flieger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frey, Martin

2013-06-06

The monitoring of PV plants is easier than ever before: by using mini-helicopters with built-in thermographic camera, which make defects visible in modules during operation. [German] Die Ueberwachung von PV-Anlagen ist bequem wie nie zuvor: Grund dafuer sind Mini-Helikopter, die mit eingebauten Waermebildkameras Fehler in Modulen im Betrieb sichtbar machen.

Advantages and limits to the fermentation of easily-degradable industrial and food wastes in sewage treatment works; Vorteile und Grenzen der Vergaerung von leicht abbaubaren Industrie- und Lebensmittelabfaellen in Abwasserreinigungsanlagen. Vergleich zu landwirtschaftlichen Anlagen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bachmann, N.; Wellinger, A. [Nova Energie GmbH, Aadorf (Switzerland); Bachmann, N. [EREP SA, Aclens (Switzerland)

2009-12-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the advantages and limits that apply to the fermentation of industrial and food wastes in sewage treatment facilities in comparison to agricultural installations. For this ecological review, a material-flow analysis was made which permitted the nutrient loss to be quantified. The report presents data on the energy and carbon dioxide balances for the method and also looks at the method from an economical point of view. Co-fermentation in the wastewater treatment plant in Berne, Switzerland, and in agricultural plant are examined.

Building with future perspectives - the present challenge; Geaeude mit Zukunft - die Herausforderung heute

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kranz, H.R. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 2 of the anthology about building control the following aspects are discussed: planning of electronic flexibility, requirements to plants and system and operation of technical building systems. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 2 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control geht auf golgende Themen ein: Planung der elektronischen Gelenkigkeit, Anforderungen an Anlagen und Systeme sowie Betreiben der Technischen Gebaeudesysteme. (BWI)

Corrosion in geothermal plants; Korrosion in geothermischen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milles, Uwe [BINE Informationsdienst, FIZ Karlsruhe - Buero Bonn (Germany)

2012-12-15

Geothermal energy can contribute much more than before to the energy supply in Germany. Further-developed technologies being specially adjusted to geothermal energy and its mostly very salty waters are needed for this. Thereby, the mostly reasonable priced avoidance of corrosion at pipes, pumps and heat exchangers is an objective. Among other things, the geothermal research laboratory Gross Schoenebeck (Federal Republic of Germany) fundamentally investigates corrosion processes, the composition of deep waters as well as material properties in order to develop location-independent recommendations.

Public notice concerning safety guides of the Kerntechnischer Ausschuss (Rule KTA 3201. 2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1985-01-30

This standard is to be applied to components made of metallic materials, operated at design temperatures of up to 673 K (400/sup 0/C). The primary circuit as the pressure containment of the reactor coolant comprises: reactor pressure vessel (without internals), steam generator (primary loop), pressurizer, reactor coolant pump housing, interconnecting pipings between the components mentioned above and appropriate various valve and instrument casings, pipings branding from the above components and interconnecting pipings, including the appropriate instrument casings, up to and including the first isolating valve, pressure shielding of control rod drives.

Public notice concerning safety guides of the Kerntechnischer Ausschuss (Rule KTA 3201.2)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-01-01

This standard is to be applied to components made of metallic materials, operated at design temperatures of up to 673 K (400 0 C). The primary circuit as the pressure containment of the reactor coolant comprises: Reactor pressure vessel (without internals), steam generator (primary loop), pressurizer, reactor coolant pump housing, interconnecting pipings between the components mentioned above and appropriate various valve and instrument casings, pipings branding from the above components and interconnecting pipings, including the appropriate instrument casings, up to and including the first isolating valve, pressure shielding of control rod drives. (orig.) [de

Thoughts about the future of nuclear power in Germany; Gedanken zur Zukunft der Kernenergie in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Popp, M.

2008-01-15

On November 6, 2007, the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft conferred its 30{sup th} honorary membership upon Professor Dr. Manfred Popp. The new Honorary Member has a record of outstanding achievements in the interest of nuclear power in Germany. This commitment is also apparent from his professional career, which was devoted to this high technology with impressive scientific and technical knowledge and political acumen, perseverance and stamina. The KTG is most grateful to Professor Popp for accepting its honorary membership. The article includes a revised version of the lecture given by Professor Manfred Popp at the ceremony conferring honorary membership. The author discusses some thoughts about the future of nuclear power in Germany in the light of societal, political, technical and environmental aspects. The status and perspectives of this technology are considered also within the framework of international developments. (orig.)

Thoughts about the future of nuclear power in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popp, M.

2008-01-01

On November 6, 2007, the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft conferred its 30 th honorary membership upon Professor Dr. Manfred Popp. The new Honorary Member has a record of outstanding achievements in the interest of nuclear power in Germany. This commitment is also apparent from his professional career, which was devoted to this high technology with impressive scientific and technical knowledge and political acumen, perseverance and stamina. The KTG is most grateful to Professor Popp for accepting its honorary membership. The article includes a revised version of the lecture given by Professor Manfred Popp at the ceremony conferring honorary membership. The author discusses some thoughts about the future of nuclear power in Germany in the light of societal, political, technical and environmental aspects. The status and perspectives of this technology are considered also within the framework of international developments. (orig.)

Technical meeting on progress in managing, and limiting the consequences of events exceeding the design basis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabian, H.

2004-01-01

The Technical Groups on 'Reactor Safety' and 'Thermodynamics and Fluid Dynamics' of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. organized a joint technical meeting on 'Progress in Managing, and Limiting the Consequences of, Events Exceeding the Design Basis' at the FTU Training Center of the Karlsruhe Research Center. The topic chosen, the papers presented, the presenters, and the non-technical part of the program met with lively interest on the part of institutions in the nuclear field. These were the objectives of the technical meeting: - Establishing a forum for communicating relevant topics. - In-depth discussion of the main topic, i.e. the advanced development of reactor safety, research in the field, and its application, in twenty selected papers presented by speakers from different institutions. - Presentation of topical work in a nuclear technology institution, the Karlsruhe Research Center. (orig.) [de

Nuclear power 1996: potential for further development. Session reports of the annual meeting on nuclear technology, May 21-23, 1996 in Mannheim

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1996-01-01

For the third time, the 'Rosengarten', the congress center of the city of Mannheim, was the venue of the Annual Nuclear Conference, this year on May 21-23, 1996. Attendance showed a slight increase, and the organizers, Deutsches Atomforum (DAtF) and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG), welcomed more than 1000 participants at the world's biggest event of this kind. The program was arranged in the traditional, proven format, with plenary sessions on the first day, and technical sessions, poster sessions, special events, and technical excursions on the other two days. These proceedings were accompanied by an exhibition arranged by vendors, suppliers, and service companies. Following the summary of the plenary day published on pp. 385-95 in atw 6/96, the survey in this issue covers the technical sessions as seen by the rapporteurs. (orig.) [de

Topfuel '95: Fuel for nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1995-01-01

In early 1995, 425 nuclear power stations with an installed capacity of 360 263 MW were in operation in 30 countries of the world, and a total of 60 units with a capacity of 53 580 MWe were being cnstructed in 18 countries. The supply of nuclear fuels to these nuclear power stations was the central issue of the Topfuel '95 - Topical Meeting on Nuclear Fuel. More than 350 experts from 23 countries had been invited to Wuerzburg by the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG) and the European Nuclear Society (ENS). The conference was accompanied by an exhibition at which twelve inernational fuel cycle enterprises presented their products, processes, and problem solutions. The poster session in the hall of the Cogress Center Wuerzburg exhibited 42 contributions which are be discussed in the second part of the conference report. (orig./UA) [de

Die Baukastensystematik in der Fördertechnik

Science.gov (United States)

Sebulke, Johannes

In der Fördertechnik wird kaum ein größerer Einsatzfall so dem anderen gleichen, dass man zwei Anlagen nach denselben Zeichnungen fertigen kann. Konstruktionszeiten, Rüst- und Umstellungszeiten der Fertigung sind hoch; der Kunde muss bei Einzelanfertigung lange Lieferzeiten in Kauf nehmen. In der Fördertechnik haben sich daher Baukastenprinzip, Standardisierung und die Konstruktion von Erzeugnisreihen weitgehend durchgesetzt.

Strongly at the wind; Hart am Wind

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petersen, Niels Hendrik

2013-11-01

The company Easywind from North Friesland distributes a certified and stromproof small wind turbine. More than 300 systems have been sold. In Germany especially farmers and small businesses meet their needs so. [German] Die Firma Easywind aus Nordfriesland vertreibt eine zertifizierte und sturmfeste Kleinwindanlage. Mehr als 300 Anlagen sind bereits verkauft. In Deutschland decken vor allem Landwirte und kleine Betriebe so ihren Bedarf.

Description and Phylogeny of Urostyla grandis wiackowskii subsp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from an Estuarine Mangrove in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Paiva, Thiago da Silva; Shao, Chen; Fernandes, Noemi Mendes; Borges, Bárbara do Nascimento; da Silva-Neto, Inácio Domingos

2016-01-01

Interphase specimens, aspects of physiological reorganization and divisional morphogenesis were investigated in a strain of a hypotrichous ciliate highly similar to Urostyla grandis Ehrenberg, (type species of Urostyla), collected from a mangrove area in the estuary of the Paraíba do Sul river (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The results revealed that albeit interphase specimens match with the known morphologic variability in U. grandis, morphogenetic processes have conspicuous differences. Parental adoral zone is entirely renewed during morphogenesis, and marginal cirri exhibit a unique combination of developmental modes, in which left marginal rows originate from multiple anlagen arising from innermost left marginal cirral row, whereas right marginal ciliature originates from individual within-row anlagen. Based on such characteristics, a new subspecies, namely U. grandis wiackowskii subsp. nov. is proposed, and consequently, U. grandis grandis Ehrenberg, stat. nov. is established. Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analyses of the 18S rDNA unambiguously placed U. grandis wiackowskii as adelphotaxon of a cluster formed by other U. grandis sequences. The implications of such findings to the systematics of Urostyla are discussed. © 2015 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2015 International Society of Protistologists.

Open for heating in a team; Offen fuers Heizen im Team

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilming, Wilhelm

2013-06-06

Each heat pump system can be enhanced with a heat generator in the dual-mode operation. It is important to distinguish between systems which are working in the bivalent-alternative, bivalent-parallel, bivalent-partial parallel and monoenergetic mode. [German] Jede Waermepumpenanlage laesst sich, wie andere Heizungsanlagen auch, um einen Waermeerzeuger ergaenzen. Dabei ist zu unterscheiden zwischen Anlagen, die bivalent-alternativ, bivalent-parallel, bivalent-teilparallel und monoenergetisch arbeiten.

Cost management and potential savings in composting. 56th information discussion, Magdeburg, November 1997; Kostenmanagement und Einsparpotentiale bei der Kompostierung. 56. Informationsgespraech in Magdeburg im November 1997

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hangen, H.O. [comp.

1997-12-31

This workshop focussed on economic aspects of composting and danaerobic digestion of biological waste. Cost optimisation, methods, and ecological aspects are discussed for several facilities in the Federal Republic of Germany. (SR) [Deutsch] Thema dieses Workshops waren Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen auf dem Sektor der Kompostierung und Vergaerung von Bioabfall. Hierbei werden die Kostenoptimierung, verschiedene Verfahren und oekologische Gesichtpunkte am Beispiel verschiedener Anlagen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland betrachtet. (SR)

Quality assurance systems - a means for an integrating organization of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, H.W.

1984-01-01

The operators of nuclear power plants are in the process of introducing quality assurance systems of the type required in Rule 1401 by the German Kerntechnischer Ausschuss (Nuclear Technology Committee). These systems as a cross sectional function cover most of the organizational areas of a nuclear power plant. Their introduction offers an opportunity to harmonize and supplement existing systems where necessary. Integrated quality assurance systems built up on a data base allow existing DP data and other logical data to be organized in such a way that certain sequences of events can be managed by enforced control. This relieves the personnel responsible for the safety of a nuclear power plant of routine jobs and routine decisions. Greater flexibility is created for personal decisions. Organized sequences of events can be monitored by having lists printed out in which the necessary data are combined into data sets. (orig.) [de

Manual of low-capacity bioenergy systems; Handbuch Bioenergie-Kleinanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, H. (ed.); Thuneke, K.; Hoeldrich, A.; Rossmann, P.; Meier, L.; Eismann, H.; Nielsen, H.

2003-02-01

The manual attempts a systematic presentation of the current knowledge on the use of biogenic fuels in low-capacity systems. Fundamental and complex technical knowledge is presented in a simple and popular manner, and technical, organisational, economic and legal problems relating to practical application are presented with a view to practical application. This makes the book interesting as a projecting and decision aid for private and public decision-makers. The book addresses private households, small industries, planners and architects, fuel producers and retailers, private and public consultants, and others. (orig.) [German] Im vorliegenden Leitfaden wird versucht, das Wissen ueber den Einsatz biogener Brennstoffe in kleineren Anlagen zu systematisieren und aufzubereiten. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, einerseits grundlegende, zum Teil komplexe Zusammenhaenge allgemein verstaendlich darzustellen und andererseits anwendungsbezogene technische, organisatorische, wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Fragen umfassend zu beantworten. Dadurch kann der Leitfaden als Projektierungs- und Ausfuehrungshilfe fuer die am Prozess der Brennstoffbereitstellung und -nutzung beteiligten Akteure aber auch fuer die beratenden oeffentlichen und privaten Einrichtungen dienen. Im Einzelnen soll der Leitfaden - Interesse an der Realisierung eigener Projektideen fuer die Biomassenutzung wecken, - die Beurteilung eigener Spielraeume fuer die Biomassenutzung erleichtern, - Basiswissen vermitteln, - einen Ueberblick ueber die technischen Moeglichkeiten im Bereich kleiner Anlagen geben, - Hilfestellung bei der Bewertung von biogenen Brennstoffen und ihren Einsatzmoeglichkeiten bieten, - die Systemauswahl und -konfiguration erleichtern, - Sicherheit im Umgang mit den Fachbegriffen vermitteln, - die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen vorstellen, - Planungsdaten liefern und Fehleinschaetzungen vermeiden helfen, - Verbesserungsmoeglichkeiten an bereits existierenden Anlagen aufzeigen, - die

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Annual report 1999

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butz, H.P.; Monheimius, I.; Berberich, G.

2000-01-01

The aim is to place GRS in a position to be able to adapt to the changed tasks in the nuclear sector, remain competent in all relevant issues of nuclear safety, and maintain an adequate number of qualified staff in spite of the extremely difficult situation with regard to finding junior nuclear engineers. Key elements of this concept are - an adaptation to the expected medium-term reduction of nuclear tasks by socially acceptable cuts in the number of staff over the coming five years, - a concentration of our own competencies, - partnerships with other capable organisations at home and abroad. The major tasks of GRS will remain to perform safety analyses and assessments in the fields of reactor safety, fuel supply, spent fuel management and disposal as well as to carry out nuclear and final repository safety research. (orig.) [de

Design of the intake and outlet areas of turbines; Gestaltung der Zu- und Abstroemung von Turbinen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruprecht, A. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Abt. Numerische Stroemungsmechanik

1997-12-31

Especially in the case of plants with a small height of drop, efficiency can be substantially impaired. Moreover, an unfavourable design of the inlet area can result in operating problems because of instationary flow phenomena. Similar considerations apply to the draft tube and outflow area. Selected examples are chosen to demonstrate problems and propose improvements. As modelling demands too much effort in the case of small plants, the investigations are carried out using modern numerical flow calculation methods. As demonstrated, inlet and outflow areas can be economically designed using these methods even in the case of small hydro power stations so as to present favourable flow parameters. [Deutsch] Vor allem bei Anlagen mit kleiner Fallhoehe kann der Verlust betraechtlich sein. Darueber hinaus kann eine unguenstige Gestaltung des Einlaufbereichs durch instationaere Stroemungsphaenomene auch zu Problemen beim Betrieb der Anlage fuehren. Aehnliches gilt bei der Gestaltung des Saugrohrs und der Abstroemung. An ausgewaehlten Beispielen werden Probleme dargestellt und Verbesserungsvorschlaege aufgezeigt. Da bei kleinen Anlagen Modellversuche zu aufwendig sind, erfolgen die Untersuchungen mit modernen Methoden der numerischen Stroemungsrechnung. Es wird gezeigt, dass man mit diesen Methoden in der Lage ist, auch bei Kleinwasserkraftanlagen wirtschaftlich eine stroemungsguenstige Gestaltung von Zu- und Abstroemung zu erreichen. (orig.)

Development of a regional concept for energy management for the region of Karlsruhe. Final report; Entwicklung eines regionalen Energiemanagement-Konzeptes und Anwendung auf die TechnologieRegion Karlsruhe. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rentz, O.; Fichtner, W.; Frank, M. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Inst. fuer Industriebetriebslehre und Industrielle Produktion; Wolf, M.A.; Rejman, M.; Eyerer, P. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Chemische Technologie (ICT) (Germany); Reimert, R.; Schulz, A.; Buren, V. v. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Engler-Bunte-Institut Bereich 1 - Gas, Erdoel und Kohle; Schaefers, B.; Bernart, Y. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (DE). Institut fuer Soziologie (IfSoz) (Germany)

2002-09-01

Major objectives of this project are: to prepare a cross-disciplinary analysis of all characteristic aspects of the energy supply and demand patterns of a group of selected energy-intensive companies in the Karlsruhe and Rhine harbour area (5 industrial power consumers, 1 utility), to identify practical approaches for optimization and integration of energy and material flows, (networking), and to develop optimised investment and energy supply options within the framework of given conditions. The basis of the optimal solution and energy network presented and explained in detail is a new combined-cycle power plant running as a gas-fired CHP plant, substituting about 50% of the systems formerly used. (orig./CB) [German] Fragestellungen der Effizienzsteigerung und der Verwertung von Abfaellen und Abwaerme gewinnen an Relevanz vor dem Hintergrund der begrenzten Aufnahmekapazitaet der Umweltmedien fuer Schadstoffe. Im Rahmen des Projektes wurde am Beispiel der Region Karlsruhe (5 Industrieunternehmen und 1 EVU) die Entwicklung betriebsuebergreifender Energieversorgungssysteme (Netzwerke) interdisziplinaer analysiert und beschrieben. Zielsetzungen des Projekts waren unter anderem: Bestimmung von zukunftsfaehigen Optionen, intelligente Vernetzung von Energiestroemen, wirtschaftliche Optimierung betriebsuebergreifender Energiemanagement-Loesungen. Die optimale vorgestellte Loesung ist charakterisiert durch den Neubau einer zentralen, gasgefeuerten GuD-Anlage, die etwa die Haelfte der bisherigen Anlagen ersetzt und zusammen mit den weiterhin genutzten Anlagen die Energieversorgung der Unternehmen sicherstellt. (orig./CB)

Consumer behavior in buildings; Nutzverhalten in Gebaeuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

The more exact building automation devices have to be designed, the more important is the knowledge about the utilization of the building. It could happen that the state of this devices could be disordered in case of unforseen consumer behavior taking not into account by designing. Therefore in practice limits must be extended because of unknown consumer behavior. On the meeting specialists reported on methods and experiences, how consumer behavior can be influenced in different types of buildings. They mentioned the simulation and the influence of this behavior involving the building automation. Contributions on legal aspects as examples from practice complete the proceeding volume. [German] Je exakter gebaeudetechnische Anlagen dimensioniert werden sollen, um so wichtiger ist die Kenntnis ueber die spaetere Nutzung des Gebaeudes. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass durch unvorhersehbares Verhalten der Nutzer Anlagenzustaende erreicht werden, die bei der Bemessung nicht beruecksichtigt wurden. Deshalb werden in der Praxis bei der Auslegung von TGA-Anlagen oft Zuschlaege wegen unbekanntem Nutzerverhalten eingeraeumt. Auf der Tagung berichteten die Referenten ueber Methoden und Erfahrungen, wie sich das Nutzerverhalten in unterschiedlichen Gebaeudetypen beeinflussen laesst. Sie gingen hierzu auf die Simulation und den Einfluss dieses Verhaltens auf die Gebaeudetechnik ein. Vortraege ueber gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie Beispiele aus der Praxis schlossen sich an. (orig.)

48{sup th} Annual meeting on nuclear technology (AMNT 2017). Key topic / Enhanced safety and operation excellence. Technical session: Operation and safety of nuclear installations, fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hollands, Thorsten [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Garching (Germany). Bereich Reaktorsicherheitsforschung

2017-12-15

The sessions Fuel and Materials and Containment and SFP, as part of the Technical Sessions Operation and Safety of Nuclear Installations, Fuel implemented in the Key Topic Enhanced Safety and Operation Excellence were chaired by Dr. Thorsten Hollands (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH) and Dr. Erwin Fischer (PreussenElektra GmbH) who was the keynote coordinator for the Technical Sessions. Both sessions consist of a keynote lecture followed by technical presentations.

Photovoltaic system technology (PVSYSTE); Photovoltaik-Systemtechnik (PVSYSTE). Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luciano Borgna, L.; Christof Geissbuehler, Ch.; Haeberlin, H.; Kaempfer, M.; Zwahlen, U.

2007-03-15

This comprehensive, illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results obtained from the framework project run by the photovoltaics (PV) testing laboratory at the Bernese University of Applied Sciences in Burgdorf, Switzerland, during the period 2003 to 2006. The paper reports on improvements and extensions to the infrastructure of the PV testing laboratory that have allowed more precise measurements to be made. The accuracy of measurements made on a large number of inverters used to convert PV-generated direct current to mains-compatible alternating current was once more greatly improved. Long-term monitoring is also mentioned. Other topics covered include contacting problems, arcing and the performance of thin-film modules subject to partial shading. Many valuable contacts established with different national and international partners are noted, especially the contacts to a large number of inverter manufacturers in many countries. Details are also presented on test procedures and installations as well as the measurements made on several Swiss installations. Also, illustrations of defects and examples of contamination on PV panels are included.

Neue Methoden für die Optimierung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse

OpenAIRE

Hokenmaier, Stephania

2013-01-01

Die Verfahrenstechnik beschäftigt sich mit der Trennung, Umwandlung oder Verflüssigung chemischer Stoffe, wie zum Beispiel die Zerlegung von Luft in ihre Hauptbestandteile Sauerstoff, Stickstoff und Argon oder die Reinigung und Verflüssigung von Erdgas. Mit Hilfe von Prozesssimulatoren können verfahrenstechnische Anlagen, oder Teile davon, modelliert, simuliert und anschließend optimiert werden. Die Engineering Division der Linde AG, eines der weltweit führenden Unternehmen für die Planung...

Solarstrom rund um die Uhr: Solarstrom mit Organic Rankine Cycle / erhöhte Solarausbeute / Fraunhofer UMSICHT

OpenAIRE

Schmidt, Mirjam; Hunstock, Björn; Bülten, Björn

2013-01-01

In einem Gastbeitrag beschäftigen sich die beiden Diplom-Ingenieure Björn Hunstock und Björn Bülten - beide wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT - mit solarthermisch angetriebenen Kraftwerken auf Basis der Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Technologie. Sie erläutern, in welchen Fällen und aus welchen Gründen diese als Alternative zu Photovoltaik-Anlagen in Betracht gezogen werden sollten. Sie wagen einen Vergleich der beiden Te...

Counterbalancing the higher mineral oil tax by 10% energy cost savings, or how to convert a low-temperature boiler into a high-efficiency boiler; Eine Antwort auf die Erhoehung der Mineraloelsteuer - Einsparung von durchschnittlich 10% Energiekosten: Wie man einen Niedertemperaturkessel in einen Brennwertkessel umruestet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zimmermann, U.

2000-04-01

Many low-temperature boilers could be converted into high-efficiency boilers. Further, retrofitting of older systems is possible to meet the exhaust specifications of the Heating Systems Ordinance. All this would help to reduce environmental pollution. [German] Viele Anlagen, die im Niedertemperaturbereich arbeiten, koennen in den Brennwertbereich gebracht werden. Ausserdem ist es moeglich, Kesselanlagen, welche der Abgasnorm nicht gerecht werden, nachzuruesten, um den Abgasverlust nach der Heizungsanlagenverordnung zu erfuellen. Das waere alles im Sinne der Umweltentlastung. (orig.)

Rehabilitation of the natural gas field Thoense with wet transport of natural gas; Sanierung des Erdgasfeldes Thoense unter Anwendung des Erdgasnasstransports

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neumann, W.; Gerhartz, B.; Schmitt, D.; Uphoff, T. [BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH, Hannover (Germany)

1998-12-31

Natural gas has been extracted the gas field of Thoense situated at the Northern fringe of the city of Hannover for over forty years. At all 10 bore sites the gas was dried with glycol dryers. While dealing with the problem of hydrocarbon emissions from the dryers it became evident, that some of the very old plants had to be rehabilitated. BEB operates the Thoense field on behalf of Elwerath/Brigitta/Deutz. An integrated concept, based on wet transport of natural gas, was used to remove the emission of hydrocarbons and rehabilitate the surface plants in order to cut operating costs. The field at Thoense is now economically efficient enough to continue operations for a long time. [Deutsch] Aus dem am nordoestlichen Stadtrand Hannovers liegenden Gasfeld Thoense wird seit ueber vierzig Jahren Erdgas gefoerdert. Die Gastrocknung erfolgte dort in ueblicher Weise mit Glykoltrocknungsanlagen an allen zehn Bohrungen. Bei der Bearbeitung des damit verbundenen Problems der Kohlenwasserstoffemissionen aus den Trocknungsanlagen wurde der Sanierungsbedarf an den z.T. sehr alten Anlagen deutlich. Das Feld Thoense wird von BEB fuer das Konsortium Elwerath/Brigitta/Deutz betrieben. Es wird gezeigt, wie mit einem integrierten Konzept auf der Basis des Erdgasnasstransportes die KW-Emissionen beseitigt wurden und gleichzeitig eine betriebskostensenkende Sanierung der obertaegigen Anlagen durchgefuehrt werden konnte. Damit wurde die wirtschaftliche Voraussetzung geschaffen, die Gasversorgung aus Thoense noch lange aufrecht erhalten zu koennen. (orig.)

Conjoined twins: morphogenesis of the heart and a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert-Barness, Enid; Debich-Spicer, Diane; Opitz, John M

2003-08-01

Five cases of conjoined twins have been studied. These included three thoracopagus twins, one monocephalus diprosopus (prosop = face), and one dicephalus dipus dibrachus. The thoracopagus twins were conjoined only from the upper thorax to the umbilicus with a normal foregut. These three cases shared a single complex multiventricular heart, one with a four chambered heart with one atrium and one ventricle belonging to each twin with complex venous and arterial connection; two had a seven chambered heart with four atria and three ventricles. The mono-cephalus diprosopus twins had a single heart with tetralogy of Fallot. The dicephalus twins had two separate axial skeletons to the sacrum, two separate hearts were connected between the right atria with a shared inferior vena cava. Thoracopagus twinning is associated with complex cardiac malformations. The cardiac anlagen in cephalopagus or diprosopus are diverted and divided along with the entire rostral end of the embryonic disc and result in two relatively normal shared hearts. However, in thoracopagus twins the single heart is multiventricular and suggests very early union with fusion of the cardiac anlagen before significant differentiation. Cardiac morphogenesis in conjoined twins therefore appears to depend on the site of the conjoined fusion and the temporal and spatial influence that determines morphogenesis as well as abnormally oriented embryonic axes. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

New developments of the KOMPOFERM {sup registered} system. Lean gas management, SMARTFERM, double membrane roof; Neue Entwicklungen des KOMPOFERM {sup registered} -Systems. Schwachgasmanagement, SMARTFERM, Doppelmembrandach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Striewski, Sandra [KOMPOTEC Kompostierungsanlagen GmbH, Nieheim (Germany)

2012-11-01

The KOMPOFERM {sup registered} dry fermentation process is a mesophilic batch process for biogas production from solid biomass. The system is developed continuously for higher economic efficiency, emission reduction and environmental protection. The contribution describes the optimisations of the KOMPOFERM {sup registered} system and presents examples of its practical implementation, e.g. thermophilic process control, the KOMPOFERM {sup registered} double membrane roof for optimum gas utilisation and reduction of the lean gas volume, the KOMPOFERM {sup registered} plus process with a percolate fermenter below the fermenter tunnels, the automatic feeding system for the rotting and/or fermenter tunnels and SMARTFERM, the dry fermentation module for plants up to 4m000 Mg input. (org.) [German] Als mesophiles Batchverfahren hat sich das KOMPOFERM {sup registered} -Trockenvergaerungsverfahren zur Erzeugung von Biogas aus fester Biomasse am Markt etabliert. Das System wird stetig weiterentwickelt, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit wie auch den Emissions- und Umweltschutz der Anlagen zu verbessern. Die Optimierungen des KOMPOFERM {sup registered} -Systems werden in diesem Artikel erlaeutert und Beispiele fuer deren praktische Umsetzung gegeben, wie die thermophile Prozessfuehrung des Systems, das KOMPOFERM {sup registered} -Doppelmembrandach zur optimalen Gasnutzung und Reduzierung von Schwachgas, das KOMPOFERM {sup registered} plus-Verfahren mit einem Perkolatfermenter unterhalb der Fermentertunnel, das automatische Eintragungsgeraet fuer Rotte- und/oder Fermentertunnel sowie SMARTFERM, das Trockenfermentationsmodul fuer Anlagen bis 4.000 Mg Input. (org.)

Modern plant management in the competitive market

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fischer, B.; Franke, U.; Freitag, J.U. [E.ON Kraftwerke GmbH, Hannover (Germany)

2002-07-01

Forced by the deregulation of the energy market and the big drop of electricity prices E.ON Kraftwerke was completely reorganised. Small, flexible units that are focussed on their key tasks were formed. Costs for electricity generation in our plants were reduced. Power plants that are currently not economically efficient are temporarily shut down. Power plants that are permanently not economically efficient are totally shut down. We have now reached a point at which energy prices slowly start to rise again. With our new plant management organization we have a lasting effect on further successfully operating power plants and a positive development of our company. Looking into the future does not create fear about what to do but positive believe that we will soon start new projects. This is the fundament for a stable, successful power plant company. (orig.) [German] Unter dem erheblichen Kostendruck, dem alle Energieversorger derzeit ausgesetzt sind, wurde die Aufbauorganisation von E.ON Energie grundlegend veraendert. Bei E.ON Kraftwerke wurden durch die Schaffung kleiner, flexibler Einheiten und eine klare Konzentration auf das Kerngeschaeft die Kosten fuer die Stromerzeugung in den eigenen Anlagen deutlich gesenkt. Die Auslastung vorhandener wirtschaftlicher Bloecke ist durch die Konservierung von derzeit nicht wirtschaftlichen bzw. durch die Stillegung langfristig nicht wirtschaftlicher Anlagen erheblich verbessert worden. Nachhaltig wurde damit eine Betriebsfuehrungsstrategie entwickelt, die den Bestand und eine positive Entwicklung der Kraftwerksgesellschaft sichert. (orig.)

Incineration with energy recovery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mahoney, T.G.

1986-02-01

Motherwell Bridge Tacol Ltd. operate a 'Licence Agreement' with Deutsche Babcock Anlagen of Krefeld, West Germany, for the construction of Municipal Refuse Incineration plant and Industrial Waste plant with or without the incorporation of waste heat recovery equipment. The construction in the UK of a number of large incineration plants incorporating the roller grate incinerator unit is discussed. The historical background, combustion process, capacity, grate details, refuse analysis and use as fuel, heat recovery and costs are outlined.

Status report on the use of nuclear energy in the Federal Republic of Germany 2016; Statusbericht zur Kernenergienutzung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bredberg, Ines; Hutter, Johann; Kuehn, Kerstin; Niedzwiedz, Katarzyna; Philippczyk, Frank [Bundesamt fuer kerntechnische Entsorgungssicherheit (BFE), Salzgitter (Germany); Thoemmes, Achim [Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter (Germany)

2017-08-15

. Information is provided on the purpose and capacity of nuclear fuel supply and disposal facilities. The approval history and the current operating and approval status are also displayed. In the field of final disposal, the new legal structures, supervision and ongoing projects are described. The information is summarized at the end of the report in tabular form. The report is issued annually in updated form. [German] Am 30.07.2016 ist das ''Gesetz zur Neuordnung der Organisationsstruktur im Bereich der Endlagerung'' in Kraft getreten. Es sieht vor, die staatlichen Aufgaben der Genehmigung und Aufsicht im Bereich der Kerntechnik, der Zwischenlagerung, der Standortauswahl und der Endlagerueberwachung mehrheitlich in einer neuen Behoerde zu buendeln, dem Bundesamt fuer kerntechnische Entsorgungssicherheit (BfE). Mit Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes wurden die entsprechenden Fachaufgaben des Bundesamtes fuer Strahlenschutz (BfS) auf das BfE uebertragen. Die Aufgabe zur Erstellung des jaehrlichen Statusberichtes zur Kernenergienutzung ist nunmehr Aufgabe des BfE. Fuer die operativen Aufgaben der Standortsuche, der Errichtung und des Betriebs der Endlager sowie der Schachtanlage Asse II und des Bergwerks Gorleben wird eine staatseigene Gesellschaft, die Bundesgesellschaft fuer Endlagerung (BGE), die Verantwortung uebernehmen. Der vorliegende Bericht mit dem Stand 31.12.2016 gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Nutzung der Kernenergie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Im Bericht aufgefuehrt sind die wesentlichen Daten aller Kernkraftwerke, Forschungsreaktoren und der Anlagen der Kernbrennstoffver- und -entsorgung. Zum Berichtszeitpunkt 31.12.2016 waren acht Kernkraftwerksbloecke in Betrieb. Die Stromerzeugung durch Kernenergie im Jahr 2016 betrug insgesamt ca. 84,6 TWh (2015: 91,8 TWh). Der Anteil der Kernenergie an der Gesamt-Brutto-Stromerzeugung betrug 13,0 % (2015: 14,2 %). Fuer die Kernkraftwerke enthaelt der Bericht in zusammengefasster Form die wesentlichen

Organizing nuclear power plant operation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, H.W.; Rekittke, K.

1987-01-01

With the preliminary culmination in the convoy plants of the high standard of engineered safeguards in German nuclear power plants developed over the past twenty years, the interest of operators has now increasingly turned to problems which had not been in the focus of attention before. One of these problems is the organization of nuclear power plant operation. In order to enlarge the basis of knowledge, which is documented also in the rules published by the Kerntechnischer Ausschuss (Nuclear Technology Committee), the German Federal Minister of the Interior has commissioned a study of the organizational structures of nuclear power plants. The findings of that study are covered in the article. Two representative nuclear power plants in the Federal Republic of Germany were selected for the study, one of them a single-unit plant run by an independent operating company in the form of a private company under German law (GmbH), the other a dual-unit plant operated as a dependent unit of a utility. The two enterprises have different structures of organization. (orig.) [de

2005 annual nuclear technology conference

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2005-01-01

This year's Annual Nuclear Technology Conference of the Deutsches Atomforum and Kerntechnische Gesellschaft was held in Nuremberg on May 10-12, 2005. More than 1 100 participants from eighteen countries make this specialized event one of the largest international conventions in the field of the peaceful uses of nuclear power, whose attendance has steadily increased over the past few years. The first day of the conference was devoted to plenary lectures traditionally dealing mainly with political and economic problems of the use of nuclear power. The partner country of JK 2005 was Switzerland. Traditionally, the program of the three-day conference was organized in the proven format of plenary sessions on the first day, followed by technical sessions, specialized sessions, poster sessions, and special events on the following days. For the third time, the ''Nuclear Campus'' was organized which successfully made the world of nuclear technology transparent to high school and university students in lectures and an exhibition. The meeting was accompanied by a technical exhibition with meeting points of manufacturers, suppliers, and service industries. (orig.)

A congenital malformation of the systemic heart complex in Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda)

Science.gov (United States)

Schipp, R.; von Boletzky, S.; Jakobs, P.; Labourg, P. J.

1998-03-01

In semi-adult Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda) from the Bay of Arcachon (France) a congenital malformation of the systemic heart is described by macro-and microscopical methods. It concerns an atypical doubling of the site of insertion at the cephalic aorta at the apical ventricle. Its comparison with the paired anlagen of the systemic heart complex in normal embryogenesis and the central circulatory system of Nautilus gives rise to interpret it as a form of atavism. The possible causal role of mutagenic antifoulings is discussed.

Nervous and muscle system development in Phascolion strombus (Sipuncula)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wanninger, Andreas; Koop, Demian; Bromham, Lindell

2005-01-01

possible cryptic segmentation patterns. In this paper, we present the first immunocytochemical data on the ontogeny of the nervous system and the musculature in the sipunculan Phascolion strombus. Myogenesis of the first anlagen of the body wall ring muscles occurs synchronously and not subsequently from......Recent interpretations of developmental gene expression patterns propose that the last common metazoan ancestor was segmented, although most animal phyla show no obvious signs of segmentation. Developmental studies of non-model system trochozoan taxa may shed light on this hypothesis by assessing...

Fouling in small hydro projects; Verschmutzung von Kleinwasserkraftwerken - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abgottspon, A.; Staubli, T.

2010-03-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at fouling problems encountered in small hydro installations. The report is based on ten interviews made with operators of small hydro power stations in Switzerland. A parallel project carried out in Germany is mentioned. A large variation in the degree of fouling in the various hydro power stations is noted. Sources such as leaves in autumn and algae are discussed, as are the various rinsing procedures used to clear the turbines of fouling. Power losses are discussed and measures that can be taken to prevent fouling are described. Measurements made at an installation in Freienstein, Switzerland, are presented and discussed. The report is completed with an appendix containing calculations, details on the Freienstein power plant and the results of interviews made with the ten hydro power installations examined.

Analytical evaluation of the operation data from selected PV-demonstration systems in the MuD-programme. Final report; Analytische Auswertung der Messergebnisse von ausgewaehlten PV-Demonstrationsanlagen im MuD-Programm. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gabler, H. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Heinemann, D. [Oldenburg Univ. (Germany). Fachbereich 8 - Physik; Wiemken, E. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)

1996-02-01

From several PV-demonstration programmes, real performance data and the range in utilizing the systems are obtained. Nevertheless, for a particular system, no precise assessment and interpretation of the real system behaviour can be given: The quantification and the separation of the avoidable and of the unavoidable energy losses in the system is not to perform from the monitored data alone. Aim of this project was the interpretation of real operation data of PV-systems, the calculation of all steps of energy conversion and hence the determination of the energy losses in particular PV-systems as well as the presentation of a measure for energy production and system performance. This task includes a brief survey of the optimization potential of the energetic performance. The method choosen was an energy flow analysis, carried out on selected demonstration plants of the MuD-programme. For this reason, detailed simulation models were used. The results of the simulation calculations gives the measure to interprete the monitored system performance. In the course of the project, the analytical evaluation has shown a large ability in the assessment and interpretation of real system perforamances. Since the concept of the evaluation is transferable to many PV-systems, it represents a base for further applications in this field and in the field of the online-system control of PV-plants. (orig.) [Deutsch] In verschiedenen Demonstrationsprogrammen werden aus Langzeitmessungen Groessenordnung und Spannbreite der Nutzungsgrade photovoltaischer Anlagen ermittelt. Fuer eine spezifische Anlage ist damit jedoch keine praezise Einschaetzung bzw. Interpretation des Systemverhaltens moeglich, da die Quantifizierung der unvermeidbaren und der vermeidbaren Energieverluste im System nicht aus den Messdaten allein erfolgen kann. Ziel dieses Projektes war die Interpretation des reellen Betriebs von PV-Anlagen, die Berechnung der Zusammensetzung und der Bandbreite der Energieverluste im

Physical utilisation and conversion to energy of wastes arising in the wood industry; Stoffliche und energetische Abfallverwertung in der Holz- und Papierindustrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leithner, R. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Waerme- und Brennstofftechnik; Marutzky, R. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Holzforschung, Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut (WKI), Braunschweig (Germany)

1998-09-01

The present paper describes material streams in the paper and wood industry. It also points out possibilities for the physical utilisation and conversion to energy of wood waste and discusses the problems they involve. The authors give a brief overview of the of the plants used for this purpose along with illustrating examples. [Deutsch] Es werden Stoffstroeme in der Papier- und Holzindustrie aufgezeigt. Ferner werden stoffliche und energetische Verwertungsmoeglichkeiten von Holzabfaellen und Probleme dieser Verwertung beschrieben. Auch die Anlagen zu dieser Verwertung und einige Beispiele werden kurz zusammengefasst vorgestellt. (orig.)

Low temperature drying. A case study; Niedertemperatur-Trocknung. Eine Fallstudie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arauzo, Ivan; Permuy, Diana [STC Sistemas de Transferencia de Calor, S.A., Castellon (Spain)

2012-07-01

Incorporating waste treatment processes in systems in which residual energy can be utilized is one of the best residue management alternatives. With an LHV of between 2000 and 4500 kcal/kg, efficiently dried sewage sludge can be used as standard fuel, thereby reducing primary energy consumption and the CO{sub 2} quota. (orig.) [German] Abfallbehandlungsverfahren in Anlagen zur Restenergierueckgewinnung sind eine der besten Reststoffentsorgungsoptionen. Effizient getrockneter Klaerschlamm mit einem unteren Heizwert (Hu) von 2000-4500 kcal/kg kann als Standardbrennstoff eingesetzt werden und zur Verminderung von Primaerenergieverbraeuchen und CO{sub 2}-Emissionen beitragen.

Conditions for a safe boiler operation. Contempt of guilty regulations creates high damage potential; Bedingungen fuer sicheren Kesselbetrieb. Missachtung geltender Vorschriften birgt hohes Schadenpotenzial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selbach, H.J. [Froeling Heiz- und Trinkwassersysteme GmbH, Overath (Germany)

2004-07-01

Operational disturbances and damages should not occure in boilers. However sometimes it happens that even high grade components have an outage after a short service time. The causes, shown in this article, are to be searched within the planning- or installation phase as feedwater quality and erosive combustion air. (GL) [German] Eine Kesselanlage ist ein Wirtschaftsgut. Betriebsstoerungen oder Schaeden duerfen moeglichst nicht vorkommen. Trotzdem passiert es, dass selbst hochwertige Anlagen schon nach kurzer Betriebszeit ausfallen. Die Ursachen hierfuer sind oft in der Planung oder Installation sowie der Qualitaet von Fuellwasser und Verbrennungsluft begruendet. (orig.)

Cost reduction through combined solutions?; Kostensenkung durch Kombinationsloesungen?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bilitewski, B. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Inst. fuer Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten

1998-09-01

The implementation of material-specific residue treatment processes requires reconstruction measures both in the case of mechanical-biological and in that of thermal treatment plants. Such measures involves great uncertainties and wide variation in cost prediction. The present paper deals with various factors that influence the costs of residual waste treatment. [Deutsch] Zur Umsetzung der stoffspezifischen Restabfallbehandlung sind Anpassungen sowohl der derzeit betriebenen mechanisch-biologischen als auch der thermischen Anlagen erforderlich, was zu Unsicherheiten und grossen Schwankungsbreiten bei den Kostenprognosen fuehrt. Der Bericht beleuchtet verschiedene Einflussgroessen auf die Kosten der Behandlung des Restabfalls. (orig./SR)

Kurz zum Klima: Zu viel Salz verdirbt den Boden

OpenAIRE

Zimmer, Markus; Lippelt, Jana; Frank, Jonas

2012-01-01

Der zunehmende Einsatz von Anlagen zur Bewässerung sowie mangelnde Erfahrungswerte und Unkenntnis über den richtigen Einsatz der künstlichen Bewässerung haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer massiven Zunahme der Versalzung des Bodens geführt. Durch diese Bodenversalzung werden weite Flächen für die Landwirtschaft unbrauchbar. Sie sind nur durch hohen Aufwand und Kosten wieder renaturierbar. Der Beitrag in der Reihe »Kurz zum Klima« gibt einen Überblick über die Versalzung in Anbaugebiet...

Demands on digital automation; Anforderungen an die Digitale Automation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bieler, P.

1995-12-31

In chapter 12 of the anthology about building control the demands on digital automation are presented. The following aspects are discussed: variety of the companies` philosophies, demands of the customer/investor, demands of the use of buildings/rooms, the user, point of view of manufacturer of technical plants. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 12 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control stellt die Anforderungen an die Digitale Automation vor. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themenbereiche eingegangen: Spektrum der Firmenphilosophien, Forderungen der Auftraggeber/Investoren, der Gebaeude-/Raumnutzung, der Betreiber sowie Sicht der Ersteller betriebstechnischer Anlagen. (BWI)

Control of space HVAC systems. Proceedings. Regelung von raumlufttechnischen Anlagen. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1987-01-01

This GMA report presents automation concepts for the control of space HVAC systems using new support methods and means like computer technology and digital simulation methods while considering control problems associated with the application of such methods and means. Both technical and economic aspects are discussed. New findings also concern the structurization and design of control systems, modelling of component and system behaviour for scale-up and simulation of plants. Each of the 10 papers was abstracted for entry into the data base. (HW).

Energy efficiency of induction heating; Energieeffizienz von Anlagen zum induktiven Randschichthaerten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuboltz, Stefan; Stiele, Hansjuerg [EFD Induction GmbH, Freiburg (Germany)

2012-09-15

Based on increasing prices for energy and growing consciousness for ecology, the energy efficiency of machines has become an important aspect in many sectors of the industry. The significance of the efficiency factor of induction heating systems, which are generating power ratings up to the megawatt-band, has risen up eminently. Due to increasing needs on reliable solutions and high requirements for the components, induction as a tool for surface hardening obtains high demands. (orig.)

Message of the rainforests. A jungle in Vienna; Botschaft der Regenwaelder. Ein Dschungel in Wien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doeller, M.

2003-07-01

A 'rainforest house' is the latest project of the Vienna Zoo, Tiergarten Schoenbrunn. The contribution presents details of the technical facilities of the envisaged building. [German] Durch die in den letzten zehn Jahren erfolgte Modernisierung der Anlagen besitzt der Wiener Tiergarten Schoenbrunn heute internationalen Vorzeigecharakter. Treibende Kraft hinter dieser Entwicklung ist ohne Zweifel Direktor Dr. Helmut Pechlaner. Wie das juengste Projekt ''Regenwaldhaus'' zeigt, stehen dem anerkannten Zoo-Experten in der baulichen Umsetzung seiner Visionen jedoch nicht minder engagierte Planer zur Seite. Allein das gesamte Haustechnikkonzept ist eine ausgetueftelte Zusammenstellung aus verschiedensten Sonderloesungen sowie Systemeigenentwicklungen. (orig.)

Reports on BMBF-sponsored research projects in the field of reactor safety. Reporting period 1 July - 31 December 1995

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit informs of the status of LWR tasks and projects on the safety of advanced reactors. Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about objectives, the work performed, the results, and the next steps of the works. The individual reports of quality assurance, safety of reactor component, emergency core cooling, lors of coolant, meltdown, fission product release, risk and reliability, are classified according to projects to the reactor safety research program. Another table uses the same classification system as applied in the nuclear safety index of the CEC. (DG)

Minergie-P system verification - Final report; Systemnachweis MINERGIE-Eco - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lenel, S.; Ruehle, T.; Schinabeck, J. [Intep - Integrale Planung GmbH, Zuerich(Switzerland); Foradini, F. [E4tech Sarl, Lausanne (Switzerland); Citherlet, S. [Haute Ecole d' Ingenierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud HEIG-VD, Yverdon-les-Bains (Switzerland)

2008-07-01

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the development of methods and software that has made it possible to collect data and evaluate operational energy consumption and the environmental impact connected with the materials used in 'Minergie-ECO' buildings. Such buildings meet the stringent 'Minergie' low energy consumption standards and also use ecologically compatible building materials. The standard is examined and its requirements are discussed, as are the appropriate SIA standards. The methods and tools used in the evaluation are introduced and discussed. Four work packages are defined which cover both energy and well-being/health aspects. Thirteen cases of various types of building are discussed. Also, aspects are noted with respect to refurbishment projects. The report is completed with a comprehensive appendix which, amongst other things, defines the questions posed during the project and the methods used for the evaluation of the results obtained.

Product declaration for small refrigerators; Produktdeklaration fuer Kleinkuehlschraenke. Ausschreibungsformular - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burri, A.

2008-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on a project that looked at the optimisation of cooling technology used in small refrigerators. This optimisation alone is considered as being not sufficient to increase the market perspectives for efficient refrigeration units. In contrast to household units, no energy declaration standards exist for the type of mini-bar used in hotel rooms. An 'Energy Declaration - Small Refrigerator' form created as a part of this project is discussed which makes it easier to compare the energy costs of various units. The form is based on uniform criteria, and increases the market perspectives for the most efficient units, even if they are somewhat more expensive. The Swiss Federal Office of Energy is now supplying this form (in German, French and Italian) to all manufacturers and vendors of small refrigerators. The vendor can fill out this form and include it in his offer. Likewise, the customer can request the form from the vendor. In this form the total energy costs for ten years of operation are added to the purchase price, so that the customer can obtain a clear indication of total life cycle costs.

Optimised utilisation of existing incinerators by installation of upstream reactors for treatment of waste with high calorifica value - HYBRID waste treatment plants; Optimierte Nutzung bestehender Abfallverbrennungsanlagen durch Errichtung vorgeschalteter Reaktoren zur Behandlung heizwertreicher Abfaelle - HYBRID-Abfallbehandlungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El Labani, M

2000-07-01

Abfallverbrennungsanlagen nachtraeglich um leistungsfaehige Rauchgasreinigungssysteme ergaenzt werden. Dies fuehrte zu einem erheblichen Anstieg der Kosten und Behandlungsgebuehren mit dem entsprechenden Druck zur optimierten Nutzung. Zusaetzliche Behandlungskapazitaeten werden benoetigt fuer heizwertreiche Abfaelle. Sie koennen zwar in konventionellen Abfallverbrennungsanlagen fuer Hausmuell behandelt werden, bedingen aber aufgrund des hoeheren Heizwertes eine Durchsatzreduzierung was die Kostensituation weiter negativ beeinflusst. Daher favorisieren aktuelle Konzepte die Behandlung heizwertreicher Abfaelle in spezifischen, dezentralen Anlagen. Die ueblicherweise kleinen Anlagen gehen einher mit hohen Nebenkosten der Errichtung. Zur Abschaetzung des Optimierungspotentials bestehender Abfallverbrennungsanlagen wurde deren Auslastungssituation untersucht. Bei umfangreichen Messkampagnen am MHKW Darmstadt konnte selbst bei 100%iger Auslastung der Verbrennungseinheit in der Rauchgasreinigungsanlage eine Luecke aufgezeigt werden, die durch eine entsprechend angepasste Vorschaltanlage aufgefuellt werden koennte. Eine solche Vorschaltanlage definiert zusammen mit der bestehenden Abfallverbrennungsanlage eine HYBRID-Abfallbehandlungsanlage. Die Bereitstellung eines Instrumentariums zur Unterstuetzung der Entscheidungsfindung bei der Konzeption solcher Anlagen ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. (orig.)

New combined plant with integrated solar thermal energy; Neue Kombi-Anlage mit integrierter Solarwaerme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leithner, R.; Dobrowolski, R.; Gresch, H. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Waerme- und Brennstofftechnik

1998-06-01

In California there are already 350 MW{sub e} worth of solar thermal energy plants in operation on a more or less commercial basis. In these installations thermal oil in parabolic gutters is heated from 300 C to 400 C. The thermal oil passes its thermal energy on to a water vapour circuit via a heat exchanger. The water vapour circuit can also be heated with natural gas, for instance at night when solar energy is not available. However, as yet no existing plant fulfils all three of the following requirements: its construction should entail the lowest possible investment costs and it should be able to run without solar energy and without an expensive storage system; it should have the greatest possible efficiency, especially at times when solar energy is not available (e.g. at night); at the same time, the solar thermal energy should be harvested at the lowest possible temperature so as to make expensive concentrating equipment superfluous. These seemingly contradictory demands are now met by a new concept involving a combined gas and steam plant whose operation is based on the injection of water into the compressed air rather than on a high excess of air. This water is evaporated by solar thermal energy at temperatures below 170 C according to its partial pressure. [Deutsch] Es gibt bereits ueber 350 MWe solarthermische Anlagen in Kalifornien, die mehr oder weniger kommerziell betrieben werden. Bei diesen Anlagen wird Thermaloel von 300 C auf 400 C in Parabolrinnen erhitzt. In einem Waermetauscher gibt das Thermaloel die Waerme an einen Wasserdampfkreislauf ab, der auch mit Erdgas beheizt werden kann, wenn wie z.B. nachts keine Solarwaerme verfuegbar ist. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde vorgeschlagen, das Wasser direkt zu verdampfen. Keine dieser Anlagen genuegt jedoch gleichzeitig den folgenden drei Anforderungen: Die Anlage sollte mit moeglichst niedrigen Investitionskosten gebaut und auch ohne Solarwaerme bzw. ohne aufwendigen Speicher betrieben werden koennen

Heat recovery in sewage sludge gasification systems; Waermerueckgewinnung bei Anlagen zur Klaerschlammvergasung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamp, P; Reichel, A; Ziegler, F [Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Abt. Energieumwandlung und -speicherung, Garching (Germany)

1997-12-31

Using the example of a pilot plant for sewage sludge gasification by the Noell conversion process, the potential for energy optimisation is described. The goals of development are twofold: First, the process stages must be optimized so as to minimize energy consumption and secondly, all options for energy use and energy must be utilized. (orig) [Deutsch] Anhand einer Pilotanlage zur Klaerschlammvergasung nach dem NOELL-Konversionsverfahren sollen Moeglichkeiten der energetischen Optimierung beispielhaft aufgezeigt werden. Ziel muss es sein, zum einen die Verfahrensschritte auf einen moeglichst geringen Energiebedarf hin zu optimieren und zum anderen Moeglichkeiten der Waermeverschiebung und -rueckgewinnung soweit wie moeglich auszunutzen. (orig)

Heat recovery in sewage sludge gasification systems; Waermerueckgewinnung bei Anlagen zur Klaerschlammvergasung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamp, P.; Reichel, A.; Ziegler, F. [Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Abt. Energieumwandlung und -speicherung, Garching (Germany)

1996-12-31

Using the example of a pilot plant for sewage sludge gasification by the Noell conversion process, the potential for energy optimisation is described. The goals of development are twofold: First, the process stages must be optimized so as to minimize energy consumption and secondly, all options for energy use and energy must be utilized. (orig) [Deutsch] Anhand einer Pilotanlage zur Klaerschlammvergasung nach dem NOELL-Konversionsverfahren sollen Moeglichkeiten der energetischen Optimierung beispielhaft aufgezeigt werden. Ziel muss es sein, zum einen die Verfahrensschritte auf einen moeglichst geringen Energiebedarf hin zu optimieren und zum anderen Moeglichkeiten der Waermeverschiebung und -rueckgewinnung soweit wie moeglich auszunutzen. (orig)

Cell adhesion molecules expression pattern indicates that somatic cells arbitrate gonadal sex of differentiating bipotential fetal mouse gonad.

Science.gov (United States)

Piprek, Rafal P; Kolasa, Michal; Podkowa, Dagmara; Kloc, Malgorzata; Kubiak, Jacek Z

2017-10-01

Unlike other organ anlagens, the primordial gonad is sexually bipotential in all animals. In mouse, the bipotential gonad differentiates into testis or ovary depending on the genetic sex (XY or XX) of the fetus. During gonad development cells segregate, depending on genetic sex, into distinct compartments: testis cords and interstitium form in XY gonad, and germ cell cysts and stroma in XX gonad. However, our knowledge of mechanisms governing gonadal sex differentiation remains very vague. Because it is known that adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a key role in organogenesis, we suspected that diversified expression of CAMs should also play a crucial role in gonad development. Using microarray analysis we identified 129 CAMs and factors regulating cell adhesion during sexual differentiation of mouse gonad. To identify genes expressed differentially in three cell lines in XY and XX gonads: i) supporting (Sertoli or follicular cells), ii) interstitial or stromal cells, and iii) germ cells, we used transgenic mice expressing EGFP reporter gene and FACS cell sorting. Although a large number of CAMs expressed ubiquitously, expression of certain genes was cell line- and genetic sex-specific. The sets of CAMs differentially expressed in supporting versus interstitial/stromal cells may be responsible for segregation of these two cell lines during gonadal development. There was also a significant difference in CAMs expression pattern between XY supporting (Sertoli) and XX supporting (follicular) cells but not between XY and XX germ cells. This indicates that differential CAMs expression pattern in the somatic cells but not in the germ line arbitrates structural organization of gonadal anlagen into testis or ovary. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Discovery of a new hypotrich ciliate from petroleum contaminated soil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santosh Kumar

Full Text Available Pollution after oil spill represents extreme habitat for survival and is a major concern for loss of species diversity in the affected area. In this study, we investigated soil samples collected from a petrochemical industry, Ulsan, South Korea. The soil was in the phase of recovery from the contamination of crude oil spill. Detailed investigation, based on morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogenetic methods, resulted in discovery of a novel hypotrich ciliate, i.e., Metasterkiella koreana n. gen., n. sp., which is morphologically characterized by a semirigid body, undulating membranes in Oxytricha pattern, 18 frontal-ventral-transverse cirri with cirrus V/3 placed posteriorly, one right and one left row of marginal cirri, four dorsal kineties, two dorsomarginal rows, and caudal cirri at the end of dorsal kineties 1, 2, and 4. Interestingly, during ontogenesis, formation of three common anlagen for the proter and the opisthe and involvement of cirrus V/3 in anlagen formation was observed. The dorsal ontogenesis was typical of oxytrichids, i.e., simple fragmentation of dorsal kinety 3 and formation of dorsomarginal rows close to the right marginal row. The new species was found to be similar with Sterkiella subtropica, except for some minor differences in morphometry, and at gene level with only one base pair difference. In phylogenetic analyses, based on SSU rRNA gene sequence, M. koreana cluster in a clade away from Sterkiella species, which could be explained by the differences in the morphogenetic pattern between these two genera. It is proposed that S. subtropica probably belongs to Metasterkiella; however, we do not perform changes and wait for the reinvestigation of its morphogenetic pattern.

Central Role of Core Binding Factor β2 in Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Organogenesis in Mouse.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagatake, Takahiro; Fukuyama, Satoshi; Sato, Shintaro; Okura, Hideaki; Tachibana, Masashi; Taniuchi, Ichiro; Ito, Kosei; Shimojou, Michiko; Matsumoto, Naomi; Suzuki, Hidehiko; Kunisawa, Jun; Kiyono, Hiroshi

2015-01-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a group of secondary and organized lymphoid tissue that develops at different mucosal surfaces. Peyer's patches (PPs), nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), and tear duct-associated lymphoid tissue (TALT) are representative MALT in the small intestine, nasal cavity, and lacrimal sac, respectively. A recent study has shown that transcriptional regulators of core binding factor (Cbf) β2 and promotor-1-transcribed Runt-related transcription factor 1 (P1-Runx1) are required for the differentiation of CD3-CD4+CD45+ lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, which initiate and trigger the developmental program of PPs, but the involvement of this pathway in NALT and TALT development remains to be elucidated. Here we report that Cbfβ2 plays an essential role in NALT and TALT development by regulating LTi cell trafficking to the NALT and TALT anlagens. Cbfβ2 was expressed in LTi cells in all three types of MALT examined. Indeed, similar to the previous finding for PPs, we found that Cbfβ2-/- mice lacked NALT and TALT lymphoid structures. However, in contrast to PPs, NALT and TALT developed normally in the absence of P1-Runx1 or other Runx family members such as Runx2 and Runx3. LTi cells for NALT and TALT differentiated normally but did not accumulate in the respective lymphoid tissue anlagens in Cbfβ2-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that Cbfβ2 is a central regulator of the MALT developmental program, but the dependency of Runx proteins on the lymphoid tissue development would differ among PPs, NALT, and TALT.

List of reports in the field of reactor safety research from BMFT, CEA, EPRI, JSTA and USNRC. Reported period: January 1 to June 30, 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

This list reviews reports from the Federal Republic of Germany, from France, from Japan and from the United States of America concerning single problems in the field of Reactor Safety Research. According to the cooperation of the Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT) with the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), the Japan Science and Technologie Agency (ISTA), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, these reports are available in the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). The list pursues the following order: Country of origin, problem area concerned, according to the Reactor Safety Research Program of the BMFT, reporting organization. (orig./HP) [de

List of reports in the field of reactor safety research from BMFT, CEA, EPRI, JSTA and USNRC. Reported period: July 1 to December 31, 1993

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

This list reviews reports from the Federal Republic of Germany, from France, from Japan and from the United States of America concerning single problems in the field of Reactor Safety Research. According to the cooperation of the Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT) with the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), the Japan Science and Technologie Agency (ISTA), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, these reports are available in the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). The list pursues the following order: Country of origin, problem area concerned, according to the Reactor Safety Research Program of the BMFT, reporting organization. (orig./HP) [de

Photovoltaics for appliances and small systems. Enhancement of the PVS for Windows simulation program for development and simulation of PV appliances and small systems. Final report; Photovoltaik fuer Geraete und Kleinsysteme. Erweiterung des Simulationsprogramms PVS fuer Windows zur Entwicklung und Simulation von PV-versorgten Geraeten und Kleinsystemen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogt, R.; Imann, C.; Jung, V.

2002-06-28

The PVS simulation program for Windows was to be extended to the development and simulation of PV-supported equipment and small systems. The following new functions were to be integrated: a) Simulation and dimensioning of indoor power supply of systems with different light sources and independent outdoor systems. b)Integration of small wind generators in the simulation and dimensioning of isolated autonomous systems, including wind data and a component database for small wind turbines; c) Differentiation of the PVS battery model for different battery types (lead, Ni/Cd, Li etc.), optimized operating strategies and flexible dimensioning including an additional component database for battery types; d) Extensive cost analysis for PV-supported appliances and small systems, from investments to consumption, operation and maintenance. This will facilitate investment decisions and help systems of this type along in the market. All program components were designed for high flexibility. Users should be able to vary as many parameters as possible, and to generate and modify their own records. The current project focused on the user interface, i.e. input, data processing, and output. Parallel to this, the Fraunhofer ISE Institute worked on modifications of the computer hardware. [German] Das Projekt zielte auf eine Erweiterung des Simulationsprogramms PVS fuer Windows zur Entwicklung und Simulation von PV-versorgten Geraeten und Kleinsystemen hin. Das Entwicklungsprodukt sollte zusaetzlich zu den bisherigen Funktionen insbesondere Folgendes leisten: (a) Simulation und Dimensionierung der Energieversorgung von Geraeten im Indoor-Bereich, wobei unterschiedliche Lichtquellen verarbeitet werden muessen, sowie von sonstigen netzfreien (Outdoor-) Kleinsystemen. (b) Einbindung kleiner Windgeneratoren in die Simulation und Dimensionierung von netzfernen Systemen (Insel-Anlagen), einschliesslich Bereitstellung der Wind-Daten und einer zusaetzlichen Komponenten-Datenbank fuer kleine

Final report on plan of action concerning Fukushima; Schlussbericht Aktionsplan Fukushima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-12-15

This brochure published by the Swiss National Safety Inspectorate ENSI discusses various protection measures for nuclear installations in Switzerland. Protection against natural incidents such as earthquakes, flooding and extreme weather conditions is first discussed, followed by a discussion on the protection needed against the loss of fundamental safety functions. These include loss of mains power and loss of heat sink capacity for cooling. Severe Accident Management is also discussed: the setting-up of emergency equipment stores, securing containment integrity, strategies and the organisation of long-term emergency response. Contamination propagation in rivers and streams is looked at, as are the effects of dangerous non-nuclear substances. Emergency response on a national scale is examined. Requirements placed on measurement and prognosis systems, reference scenarios and demands placed on communication systems are noted. Safety culture is looked at in Swiss nuclear installations. ENSI’s supervision culture is also commented on, as are international activities in this area. Finally, current research and measures are examined and a comparison is made with the international investigations made as a result of the Fukushima Incident.

Project 'Windbank' - Final Report; Projekt 'Windbank' - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gassmann, F.; Isaak, H.; Tinguely, M

2005-07-01

An emergency decision support system for accidental releases of radioactivity into the atmosphere providing regional wind field information was developed. This system is based on intensive meteorological field campaigns each lasting 4 months in the regions around the Swiss nuclear power plants. The wind data from temporary and permanent stations were analysed to evaluate the typical wind field patterns occurring in these regions. A cluster analysis for these data-sets lead to 19 different wind field classes with a high separation quality. In separate studies, it was demonstrated that an on-line acquisition of meteorological data from existing permanent stations is enough to diagnose the recent wind field class in a region with a diameter of about 50 km around the nuclear power stations with a probability of about 80% to hit the correct class. Furthermore, a method was developed to use a high resolution weather prediction model to forecast the future wind field classes. An average probability of over 60% to hit the correct class for a forecast time of 48 hours was evaluated. Finally, a method for parameterization of turbulence providing input for dispersion models from standard meteorological on-line data was developed. (author)

The 'Alpine Windharvest' project - Overview; Projekt Alpine Windharvest - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaffner, B.; Kunz, S. [Suisse Eole, Meteotest, Berne (Switzerland)

2005-07-01

This short introduction forms part of a final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) that presents the results of a project carried out by the Swiss wind-energy organisation 'Suisse Eole' and the meteorology specialists of the company METEOTEST. The project investigated the use of digital relief-analysis and formed part of a European wind-energy project that investigated the technical, legal and socio-economical aspects of the use of wind energy. The work-package 7 included the identification of wind-energy areas using comparative Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. An overview is provided of the wind-energy potential in the whole of the alpine region and five areas in which measurements are to be made, including GIS analyses, are defined.

Energy consumption of mobile communication systems; Energieverbrauch der mobilen Kommunikation - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corliano, A.; Hufschmid, M.

2008-02-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on a research project that was concerned with the energy consumption of the infrastructure necessary to provide mobile communication services. The measurement and analysis of the energy consumption of the infrastructure was an essential part of this research project. Furthermore, future scenarios and their impact on energy consumption are discussed. The results of the research work are presented and the correlation between power requirements and the data traffic encountered at GSM and UMTS base stations is analysed. Furthermore, measurements that were conducted to determine the power consumption of different network elements are discussed. Finally, alternatives for further action and recommendations for improvements in the energy consumption of such installations are formulated.

The development of nuclear power in France

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vendryes, G.

1985-01-01

The author of this contribution, who read a paper on the same subject on the evening he was appointed Honorary Member of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG), has been continuously engaged in a wide variety of activities within the French Atomic Energy Commission, CEA, for the past 32 years and has been in charge of the French breeder program since the late fifties. His analysis of the nuclear power situation in France and his survey of problems and development goals therefore is not only based on expert knowledge, but also reflects the official French idea of the rank nuclear power in the French energy supply policy and in the French economy. It shows that the foreseeable pronounced slowdown, due to declining demand, in the expansion of the network of nuclear power plants - a slowdown at a high level of capacity - does not detract from the growing importance of nuclear power in France. The awareness exists that this program can be, and must be, continued in its subareas. The French Government is convinced that the nuclear option was the only possible choice and that having decided in favor of it will pay even more in the future than it does already. (orig.) [de

25 years 'atomwirtschaft - atomtechnik'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

On the occasion of the Annual Meeting Nuclear Engineering 1981 in the congress centre of the Neue Messe in Duesseldorf on 23rd March 1981 the Handelsblatt-Verlag had organized a reception for the silver jubilee of the technical journal 'atomwirtschaft-atomtechnik' the first edition of which had been published in January 1956. The manager of the publishing house in charge of the technical journals had welcomed more than 420 participants, among them over 50 journalists. After the president of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft had greeted the guests, the State Secretary in the Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie, Hans-Hilger Haunschild, delivered the jubilee speech. The panel discussion was dedicated to the field of tension between nuclear energy and the public. Opposite to the usual enquiry scheme the question was, i.e. scientists were asking journalists: why do the media object to nuclear energy and other technologies. Not only did two nuclear energy specialists have the opportunity of criticizing the media and complaining about them but also were three journalists from the fields of daily press, television and journals able to demonstrate the effects of the behaviour of scientists and technicians in front of the public and the aspects of the work in the editor's offices to their discussion partners and the audience. (orig./UA) [de

Radiological information systems: improvements in service, economy, and quality control?; Radiologische Informationssysteme: Verbesserung von Leistungserfassung, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Qualitaetssicherung?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross-Fengels, W. [Abt. fuer Klinische Radiologie, AK Harburg (Germany); Weber, M. [Abt. fuer Klinische Radiologie, AK Harburg (Germany)

1997-03-01

By means of complete service control and standardized accounting processes, radiological information systems clearly contribute to improved results. They provide the prerequisites for the establishment of expanded networks and allow comprisons with comparable institutions. The quality of patient care can be improved since, for example, the production time from referral to finished result becomes shorter. Direct access to patient and findings data from several positions is possible. Preliminary results can be viewed immediately. The patient`s history is accessible to authorized users at all times. The exact reproducibility and assignment of services leads to more clarity. By means of the information available form RIS, rapid adaptive processes can be undertaken. The system assists the to fulfill the requirements of health regulations. The above-mentioned relationships demonstrate that the EDP systems are well accepted by physicians, medical assistants, and administrators and represent an indispensable aid for solving problems. (orig.) [Deutsch] Radiologische Informationssysteme fuehren ueber komplette Leistungserfassungen und standardisierte Abrechnungsverfahren eindeutig zu einer Ergebnisverbesserung. Sie stellen die Voraussetzungen fuer den Aufbau erweiterter Netzstrukturen dar und erlauben Quervergleiche mit aehnlichen Institutionen. Die Qualitaet der Patientenversorgung laesst sich verbessern, da z.B. die `Produktionszeit` von der Anforderung bis hin zur Befundausgabe kuerzer wird. Der Zugriff zu Patienten- und Befunddaten ist unmittelbar von mehreren Stellen aus moeglich. Vorbefunde sind sofort einsehbar. Die Patientenhistorie ist jederzeit fuer autorisierte Anwender verfuegbar. Die exakte Reproduzierbarkeit und Zuordnung der Leistungen fuehrt zu einer hohen Transparenz. Durch die Informationen, die ueber das RIS zu erhalten sind, koennen rasche Anpassungsprozesse vorgenommen werden. Die Anlagen unterstuetzen den Anwender, den Anforderungen der GSG nachzukommen

Progress report within the series of GRS-F progress reports on reactor safety, sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. Period: 1 July - 31 December 2003; Berichte ueber vom Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Arbeit gefoerderte Forschungsvorhaben auf dem Gebiet der Reaktorsicherheit. Berichtszeitraum: 01. Juli - 31. Dezember 2003

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMWi, continuously issues information on the status of the investigations into the safety of nuclear power plants by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work and are published by the Research Management Division of GRS within the framework of general information on the progress in reactor safety research. The compilation of the reports is classified according to general topics related to reactor safety research. Further, use is made of the classification system ''Joint Safety Research Index'' of the CEC (commission of the european communities). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers. (orig.) [German] Die Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH informiert im Auftrag des BMWi halbjaehrlich und jaehrlich ueber den Stand der Untersuchungen zur Sicherheit von Kernreaktoren in den Fortschrittsberichten der GRS-F-Berichtsreihe. Jeder Fortschrittsbericht stellt eine Sammlung von Einzelberichten ueber Zielsetzung, durchgefuehrte Arbeiten, erzielte Ergebnisse, geplante Weiterarbeit etc. dar, die von den Forschungsstellen selbst als Dokumentation ihres Arbeitsfortschritts in einheitlicher Form erstellt und von der Forschungsbetreuung (FB) in der GRS im Rahmen der allgemeinen Information ueber die Fortschritte von Untersuchungen zur Reaktorsicherheit herausgegeben werden. Die inhaltliche Gliederung der Berichtssammlung erfolgt durch sachliche Zuordnung der Vorhaben zu uebergeordneten Themenbereichen der Reaktorsicherheitsforschung, ferner nach dem Klassifikationsschema

Solar-assisted district heating system - Scientific study. Solar-assisted district heating system with long-term thermal storage in Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen and Hamburg-Bramfeld.. Results of the first year of operation; Solar unterstuetzte Nahwaermeversorgung - Wissenschaftliches Begleitprogramm. Solare Nahwaermeversorgung mit Langzeitwaermespeicher in Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen und Hamburg-Bramfeld. Ergebnisse des ersten Betriebsjahres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulz, M.E.; Mahler, B.; Hahne, E. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Thermodynamik und Waermetechnik

1998-12-31

The first two pilot plants for solar district heating with seasonal thermal energy storage were put in operation in October 1996. Both projects were initiated by the Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Energy Technology (ITW) of the University of Stuttgart that also provided scientific support up to the present. This report presents the results of the first two years of operation of both plants. Both solar plants have been operated without any major problems. The solar energy yield in the first year of operation has only been reduced by the unsatisfactory operation of the heating grid. The most important step towards optimising the plants is the adjustment of the internal heating systems and thus the reduction of the heating temperatures which are currently too high. Based on subject pre-conditions the results projected for the first pilot plants for solar district heating and long-term thermal energy storage will be reached in the following years of operation. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Oktober 1996 gingen die ersten beiden Pilotanlagen zur solaren Nahwaermeversorgung mit saisonaler Waermespeicherung in Betrieb. Beide Projekte wurden vom Institut fuer Thermodynamik und Waermetechnik (ITW), Universitaet Stuttgart initiiert und ueber die gesamte bisherige Laufzeit wissenschaftlich begleitet. Die Ergebnisse des ersten Betriebsjahres der beiden Anlagen sind in diesem Bericht zusammengestellt. In beiden Faellen funktionieren die Solaranlagen ohne grosse Probleme. Die solaren Ertraege wurden im ersten Betriebsjahr noch durch die unzureichende Betriebsweise der Heiznetze gemindert. Wichtigster Ansatzpunkt fuer eine Optimierung der Anlagen ist die Einregulierung der hausinternen Heizungssysteme und damit die Absenkung der derzeit noch zu hohen Heiznetztemperaturen. Unter dieser Voraussetzung werden die vorausgesagten Ergebnisse fuer die ersten Pilotanlagen zur solaren Nahwaerme mit Langzeit-Waermespeicher in den naechsten Betriebsjahren erreicht werden. (orig.)

Comparison of rigid and swivelling rotor hubs for a MW wind power system, using the example of the WKA Autoflug A 1200; Vergleich von starrer und Pendel-Rotornabe fuer eine Windkraftanlage der Megawatt-Leistungsklasse am Beispiel der WKA Autoflug A 1200

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quell, P. [aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH, Rendsburg (Germany)

1996-12-31

Developments in the MW range are a further illustration of the well-known problem that a linear increase of the rotor surface area will result in an overproportional increase of mass. One classical approach for reducing weight is the installation of a two-blade rotor with a swivelling hub. In the course of the development activities for the 1.2 MW A1200 wind power system of Autoflug Energietechnik GmbH, it was investigated whether a pendulum hub is a technically and economically feasible concept for a plant of this size. For this purpose, two otherwise identical plants were projected and compared, one with a rigid hub and the other with a swivelling hub. Both systems were simulated using the dynamic program GAROS. With the loads thus determined, both concepts are detailed enough to permit a comprehensive cost comparison in consideration of the masses, the resulting cost, performance and reliability. [Deutsch] Der Entwicklungsprozess der Megawatt-Anlagen verdeutlicht den aus frueheren Untersuchungen bekannten Zusammenhang eines ueberproportionalen Massenzuwachses bei linear steigender Rotorflaeche. Ein klassischer Ansatz zur Reduzierung des Anlagengewichtes ist der Einsatz eines Zweiblatt-Rotors in Verbindung mit einer Pendelnabe. Im Rahmen der Entwicklungstaetigkeit fuer die 1,2 MW-Windkraftanlage A 1200 der Fa. Autoflug Energietechnik GmbH wurde untersucht, inwieweit der Einsatz einer Pendelnabe fuer eine Anlage dieser Groessenordnung ein technisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvolles Konzept darstellen kann. Dazu wurden zwei grundsaetzlich gleiche Anlagen mit Zweiblatt-Rotor unter Verwendung einer Pendelnabe und einer starren Nabe konzipiert und gegenuebergestellt. Zur Bewertung des Anlagenverhaltens sowie zur Ermittlung realitaetsnaher Belastungen werden sowohl die Anlagenversion mit Pendelnabe als auch die Version mit starrer Nabe mit dem Dynamikprogramm GAROS simuliert. Basierend auf den ermittelten Lasten werden beide Konzepte so detailliert, dass ein umfassender

2017 German refrigeration and air conditioning meeting. Proceedings; Deutsche Kaelte- und Klimatagung 2017. Tagungsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2017-07-01

This year's lecture programme includes 117 presentations in the five working departments of DKV and 10 lectures at the special event ''Energy-efficient air conditioning in data centres''. The main topics in the respective departments were: (1) Cryogenics: Space applications; Cryogenic plants; Cryomedicine and cryobiology; Components, developments; Processes and plants; Valves, design. (2) Basics: Evaporation, material values; evaporation, condensation; absorption; adsorption, latent storage; cycle simulation. (3) Components: CO{sub 2} plant engineering and components; refrigerants; process control, adsorption, sublimation and storage technology; refrigerating machine oils, heat exchangers and corrosion; components 4.0, sensors and control technology; simulation of plant processes. (4) Cold application: Application; Application / Natural Refrigerants; Mobile Applications Car; Mobile Applications; Supermarket / Efficiency; Optimization / Efficiency. (5) Air conditioning and heat pump applications: load shifting, smart home, flexibility; heat sources and industrial heat pumps; modelling, simulations; energy concepts heat pumps and photovoltaics; monitoring, evaluation; technology trends / working materials. Six papers are separately analyzed for this database. [German] Das Vortragsprogramm umfasst in diesem Jahr 117 Beitraege in den fuenf Arbeitsabteilungen des DKV und 10 Vortraege in der Sonderveranstaltung ''Energieeffiziente Klimatisierung in Rechenzentren''. Die Hauptthemen in den jeweiligen Arbeitsabteilungen waren: (1) Kryotechnik: Raumfahrtanwendungen; Kryo-Grossanlagen; Kryomedizin und Kryobiologie; Komponenten, Entwicklungen; Verfahren und Anlagen; Ventile, Auslegung. (2) Grundlagen: Verdampfung, Stoffwerte; Verdampfung, Kondensation; Absorption; Adsorption, Latentspeicher; Kreislaufsimulation. (3) Komponenten: CO{sub 2}-Anlagentechnik und Komponenten; Kaeltemittel; Prozessfuehrung, Adsorption, Sublimation und

Quality assurance for photovoltaic energy supply. Final report; Qualitaetssicherung von photovoltaischen Energieversorgungssystemen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bopp, G.; Gabler, H.; Hille, G.; Puls, G.; Rehm, M.; Sauer, U.; Schulz, M.; Schweizer-Ries, P.

2000-07-01

The availability of isolated PV systems was to be improved by an inspection agreement between operators, users and inspection organisations. The systems were to be inspected and serviced once a year. In all, 22 systems were inspected regularly between 1996 and 1999, and a failure statistics was drawn up on the basis of the records. On average, there were three failures per system and per year, one of which was caused by research activities. In a second detailed analysis after termination of the project, the failure rate had decreased to one every two years, i. e. a reduction by a factor of 6. [German] Ziel des Projektes war die Erhoehung der Betriebssicherheit und der Lebensdauer netzunabhaengiger Photovoltaikanlagen (Inselanlagen) durch Ermittlung und Reduzierung des Wartungsbedarfs sowie durch Komponentenoptimierung. Zu Projektbeginn war der technische und finanzielle Umfang von Wartungsarbeiten und somit den Betriebskosten dieser Anlagen nur sehr lueckenhaft bekannt und vorhersehbar. Um belastbare Erkenntnisse ueber den Wartungsbedarf und -kosten zu erhalten, fuehrten ortsansaessige Firmen mit Hilfe von Wartungshandbuechern auf Kosten der Betreiber in 22 ausgewaehlten Inselanlagen 4 Jahre lang 1 mal jaehrlich eine Fruehjahrskontrolle und eine Herbstinspektion durch. Das Fraunhofer ISE erstellte eine Fehlerstatistik, analysierte die Fehler und den Optimierungsbedarf. Durch die einmal jaehrliche Inspektion und durch den Einsatz optimierter Komponenten liess sich die anfaengliche Fehlerrate von 3 Fehlern pro Jahr und Anlage auf 1 Fehler innerhalb von 2 Jahren reduzieren. Die Anlagenfehler wurden ueberwiegend durch alterungsbedingte Bauteildefekte in Komponenten verursacht. Zusammen mit Herstellern wurde an Komponenten, wie Ladereglern und Wechselrichtern, Optimierungen durchgefuehrt. Die Optimierung der Anlagenbetriebsfuehrung erhoehte deutlich die Zufriedenheit des Nutzers und die Batterielebensdauer. Die Stromgestehungskosten in optimierten und regelmaessig

Frequency converters increase the energy efficiency of electric motors in refrigerators; Frequenzumrichter steigern die Energieeffizienz von Elektromotoren in Kaelteanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heide, Alexander [Ziehl-Abegg AG Produktmanagement System- und Regeltechnik, Kuenzelsau (Germany)

2011-07-01

Refrigerators have vast potential for energy conservation. Blowers mounted on condensers and recirculation coolers are commonly controlled via phase angle control. It is shown how modern frequency converters can improve the energy balance of existing systems. The advantages of a combination of frequency converter and sinus filter are explained by the example of the Fcontrol frequency converter, which has an integrated all-phase sinus filter. Retrofitting is easy, and the payback period will be short. An example is presented to show that more than 50 % of the energy cost can be saved this way. In addition to blower control, also the compressor motor can be controlled by frequency converters, with advantages for the whole refrigerating system. The paper shows how retrofitting of modern frequency converters will reduce the energy cost and operating cost of existing refrigeration systems. [German] Kaelteanlagen, insbesondere bestehende Kaelteanlagen, bieten grosses Potenzial Energie einzusparen. Ventilatoren, die auf Verfluessigern oder Rueckkuehlern montiert sind, werden ueberwiegend mit Regelgeraeten betrieben, die die Drehzahl ueber die Spannung variieren (Phasenanschnittregelung). Es wird aufgezeigt, dass durch moderne Frequenzumrichter auf einfache Art und Weise bestehende Anlagen energetisch verbessert werden koennen. Am Beispiel des Frequenzumrichters Fcontrol, der einen allpolig wirksamen Sinusfilter integriert hat, werden die Vorteile durch die Kombination von Frequenzumrichter und Sinusfilter erklaert. Die nachtraegliche Installation in bestehende Anlagen ist einfach. Die Investition in eine solche Umruestung rechnet sich in der Regel sehr schnell. Beispielhaft wird gezeigt, dass beim Ersetzen der Phasenanschnittregelung gegen einen Frequenzumrichter mehr als 50 % der Energiekosten an den Ventilatoren eingespart werden koennen. Neben der energiesparenden Regelung der Ventilatoren auf Verfluessigern oder Rueckkuehlern, kann auch der Verdichtermotor durch

Computer-aided preparation of specifications for radial fans at VEB Lufttechnische Anlagen Berlin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubis, R.; Kull, W.

1987-01-01

The specification details the scope of delivery for radial fans on a standard page and also serves the preparation for production. In the place of previous manual preparation, a computer-aided technique for the office computer is presented that provides the technical parameters from data files out of few input data to identify the fan type. The data files and evaluative programs are based on the software tool REDABAS and the SCP operating system. Using this technique it has been possible to cut considerably the preparation time for the incoming orders.

Market conditions for cogeneration plants. Ensuring efficiency; Marktbedingungen fuer KWK-Anlagen. Wirtschaftlichkeit sicherstellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ottersbach, Joerg; Otto, Falk; Schrader, Knut [BET Buero fuer Energiewirtschaft und Technische Planung GmbH, Aachen (Germany)

2013-07-15

Due to declining wholesale prices for electricity, the profitability of base load power and heat generation plants decreases significantly. Therefore, concepts such as the increased use of electricity or natural plant flexibility have to be developed. The improved framework conditions by means of the amended Combined Heat and Power Act are helpful. When modernising plants, it is even possible under favorable conditions and with a good concept to fully refinance the investment on the CHP surcharges.

Energy efficiency of uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS); Projekt Energieeffizienz von USV-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schnyder, G.; Mauchle, P.

2005-03-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) summarises and presents nine individual reports and documents concerning the topic of uninterruptible power supplies. The documents compiled for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy in earlier projects concerning the quality and energy efficiency of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems dating from 1998 to 2000 have been revised and expanded in collaboration with a UPS Systems 'Trendwatch' group. The central documents such as 'Optimised use of UPS systems', 'Measurement procedures for UPS systems', 'Label for UPS systems' and 'Quality/Energy matrix' have been translated into English. These documents form the basis for the international distribution of the studies and findings relating to the quality and energy efficiency of UPS systems. These results are to be distributed by both European as well as American commissions. A label and codes of conduct are being developed. The nine individual reports are summarised in separate abstracts also recorded in the ETDEWEB database.

Gasification of biomass - principles and technical alternatives; Vergasung von Biomassen - Prinzipien und technische Moeglichkeiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klose, E [Technische Univ. Bergakademie, Freiberg (Germany)

1997-12-31

The technical principles of gasification are outlined, and a number of biomass gasification processes are presented and compared with the coal gasification process. On the basis of the knowledge gained in coal gasification, it will be easy to carry out the development work still required on small-scale biomass gasification systems in cooperation with the gas users. (orig) [Deutsch] Das technische Prinzip derVergasung und verschiedene Verfahrensweisen bei der Vergasung von Biomasse werden vorgestellt und mit der Kohlevergasung verglichen. Auf der Grundlage der technischen Erkenntnisse bei der Kohlevergasung einschliesslich der vor- und nachgeschalteten Prozessstufen sind die noch notwendigen verfahrens- und apparatetechnischen Entwicklungsarbeiten fuer vorwiegend kleine Anlagen in Zusammenarbeit mit den Gasnutzern durchfuehrbar. (orig)

Gebändigtes Knallgas: Brennstoffzellen im mobilen und stationären Einsatz

Science.gov (United States)

Waidhas, Manfred; Landes, Harald

2001-07-01

Die Brennstoffzelle hat aus technischer Sicht einen hohen Stand erreicht. Die PEMFC konnte ihre Zuverlässigkeit in einer Reihe von Nischenanwendungen, aber auch in Form erster mobiler und dezentraler Prototypen beweisen. Die SOFC und die MCFC konnten bereits in Anlagen von 100 kW und mehr in Erprobung gehen. Um jedoch wirtschaftlich konkur-renzfähig zu den etablierten Technologien der mobilen und dezentralen Energiewandlung zu werden, muss noch eine drastische Kostenreduktion sowohl beim Brennstoffzellen-Stack als auch bei den zu seinem Betrieb notwendigen Hilfsaggregaten erreicht werden. Für Fahrzeugantriebe muss außerdem eine Antwort auf die noch offene Treibstofffrage (Infrastruktur, H2-Erzeugung und H2-Speicherung) gefunden werden.

Gasification of biomass - principles and technical alternatives; Vergasung von Biomassen - Prinzipien und technische Moeglichkeiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klose, E. [Technische Univ. Bergakademie, Freiberg (Germany)

1996-12-31

The technical principles of gasification are outlined, and a number of biomass gasification processes are presented and compared with the coal gasification process. On the basis of the knowledge gained in coal gasification, it will be easy to carry out the development work still required on small-scale biomass gasification systems in cooperation with the gas users. (orig) [Deutsch] Das technische Prinzip derVergasung und verschiedene Verfahrensweisen bei der Vergasung von Biomasse werden vorgestellt und mit der Kohlevergasung verglichen. Auf der Grundlage der technischen Erkenntnisse bei der Kohlevergasung einschliesslich der vor- und nachgeschalteten Prozessstufen sind die noch notwendigen verfahrens- und apparatetechnischen Entwicklungsarbeiten fuer vorwiegend kleine Anlagen in Zusammenarbeit mit den Gasnutzern durchfuehrbar. (orig)

Planning and building a gas cave store in Bremen-Lesum; Planung und Errichtung von einem Gaskavernenspeicher in Bremen-Lesum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kossert, J.; Schultz, K.F. [Mobil Erdgas Erdoel GmbH, Celle (Germany)

1998-12-31

In order to supply sufficient natural gas to the Northern part of Germany Mobil set up a gas cave storage in Bremen Lesum. Drilling- and brine engineering, plant design, electricity supply, brine plant are described. Remote control, personnel planning, operational experience and plants for gas operation as well as pipelines, compressors and gas drying are described. [Deutsch] Um kuenftig den Spitzenbedarf nach umweltfreundlichem Erdgas in Norddeutschland befriedigen zu koennen, errichtete Mobil einen Gaskavernenspeicher in Bremen Lesum. Im Folgenden wird die Bohr-und Soltechnik, die Anordnung der Anlagenteile, die Elektroversorgung der Solanlage sowie der Solbetrieb naeher erlaeutert. Ausserdem werden die Fernueberwachung, der Personaleinsatz, die Betriebserfahrungen und die Anlagen fuer den Gasbetrieb wie Verbindungsleitung, Kompressoranlage und Gastrocknungsanlage beschrieben.(msk)

Operating experience with innovative environmental technologies; Betriebserfahrungen mit innovativen Umwelttechnologien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spindler, H.; Bauermeister, U.; Kliche, H.; Seiffarth, K. (comps.)

2000-03-01

The MUT '99 (Merseburger Umwelt-Tag) discussed modern processes, technologies and plants for treatment and utilisation of waste. The conference was attended by industrial organisations and scientific institutions. [German] Der 9. Merseburger Umwelt-Tag MUT '99 steht unter dem Motto 'Betriebserfahrungen mit innovativen Umwelttechnologien - Moderne wirtschaftliche Verfahren, Technologien und Anlagen zur Behandlung/Verwertung nichtvermeidbaren Abfalls', wobei der Begriff 'Abfall' sich letztlich auf alle Umweltmedien bezieht. Entsprechend dem Motto dieser Tagung stellen Unternehmen, Betriebe und wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen ihre Erfahrungen auf dem Gebiet der Umwelttechnologien vor, um Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet einer breiten Diskussion zu eroeffnen. Dabei soll es insbesondere um die Behandlung nicht vermeidbarer Abfaelle und Abwaesser gehen. (orig.)

Preservation of competence within the framework of knowledge management of GRS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beraha, D.; Erven, U.; Puhr-Westerheide, P.

2006-01-01

As a consequence of the loss of competence threatening to arise from the retirement of many experts, countermeasures in the form of expanded and improved training schemes and the development of knowledge management have been introduced by the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH. The new modules of basic as well as specialized training are described. A brief outline is given of the GRS Intranet portal with its integrated document management. The development of a portal for each project allows all project-related information to be combined. An account is presented of initial experience in using methods of knowledge representation and display, and an outlook is given into expected further developments. (orig.)

Artificial intelligence system for the monitoring of natural gas production systems; Intelligente Ueberwachung von Erdgasfoerderanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tschaetsch, H.U.

2001-02-01

The article explains a novel, artificial intelligence-based system called HISS (Human Interface Supervision System) which has been installed as a prototype for the monitoring of a natural gas production site at Thoense near Hannover/Germany. The system is capable to perform audio-visual and smelling functions, analogous to the human sensory perception. (orig./CB) [German] Die Aufrechterhaltung eines einwandfreien Betriebszustandes von technischen Anlagen durch staendige Kontrollen und regelmaessige Wartungsarbeiten ist haeufig eine aufwendige und kostspielige Angelegenheit. Gleichwohl ist sie - sowohl was die Frage der Sicherheit als auch des Umweltschutzes anbelangt - unentbehrlich. Die Erdgasfoerderanlage Thoense bei Hannover wird von einem intelligenten Ueberwachungssystem, HISS - Human Interface Supervision System, kontrolliert, das die menschlichen Eigenschaften sehen, hoeren und riechen beherrscht. (orig.)

Solarthermie 2000. Sub-programme 2: Solar thermal demonstration projects in public buildings in East Germany - Scientific and technical studies accompanying construction and operation of solar thermal demonstration plants in the states of south western Germany. Final report; Solarthermie 2000. Teilprogramm 2: Solarthermische Demonstrationsanlagen fuer oeffentliche Gebaeude mit Schwerpunkt in den neuen Bundeslaendern - Wissenschaftlich-technische Begleitung der solarthermischen Demonstrationsanlagen in den suedwestlichen Bundeslaendern. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bollin, E.; Himmelsbach, S.; Klingenberger, U.M.

2002-06-01

Exemplary solar thermal power systems with a minimum collector surfaces of 100 square metres are presented, improved and optimized. Their competitive strength is to be improved by reducing the specific system cost and raising the specific useful power generation. [German] Im Programm 'Solarthermie-2000' Teilprogramm 2 soll anhand von Beispielloesungen fuer groessere solarthermische Anlagen mit einer Mindestkollektorflaeche von 100 m{sup 2} an unterschiedlich genutzten Gebaeuden nachgewiesen werden, dass im Bereich der thermischen Solarenergienutzung technisch gute Loesungen zur Verfuegung gestellt werden koennen. Diese Systemloesungen sollen weiter verbessert und angepasst werden. Zugleich soll erreicht werden, dass die wirtschaftliche Konkurrenzfaehigkeit gesteigert wird, indem durch Reduzierung der spezifischen Systemkosten und Erhoehung des spezifischen Nutzenergieertrages die solaren Nutzwaermekosten gesenkt werden. (orig.)

Computerized monitoring and online information system for energy and facility management service providers. Outsourcing of management and maintenance services; Informationssystem mit Online-Service fuer Dienstleistungsanbieter. Service und Wartung kostenguenstig gestalten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niclas, C. [Segno Industrie Automation GmbH, Bremen (Germany)

2002-07-01

The article addresses the emerging new business opportunities of service companies as contractors in the energy sector. Outsourcing and contracting models and in particular the computer architecture and the software and programming of available online systems are discussed. (orig./CB) [German] Regionale und kommunale Versorgungsunternehmen, Krankenhaeuser, Druckereien sowie produzierende Unternehmen koennen sich voll und ganz auf ihr Kerngeschaeft konzentrieren und einen Service- und Wartungsdienst kostenguenstig outsourcen. Serviceorientierte Dienstleister werden im gleichen Zuge durch Einsatz eines Service-Informationssystems in die Lage versetzt, Versorgungs- und Betreuungskonzepte optimal anzubieten. Langfristige Kundenbindungen sowie eine Verbesserung der Kundennaehe sind die Erfolge. Optimierung von Kunden-Anlagen und Einbindung in zukuenftige Investitionsmassnahmen seien an dieser Stelle nur als moegliche Zusatzgeschaefte zu erwaehnen. (orig.)

2013 German refrigeration and air conditioning meeting. Proceedings; Deutsche Kaelte- und Klimatagung 2013. Tagungsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-07-01

These proceedings cover the following main topics: cryoengineering - superconduction / energy storage; cryoapplications in biology and medicine; metrology; adsorption processes; condensation/evaporation; working fluids / simulation; ice production; plants and compressors; expansion and ejectors or recooling; use of cooling (passenger car air conditioning, supermarket); refrigerants; plant efficiency; emissions and legislation; air conditioning and use of heat pumps; air quality and control; building technology and block-type thermal power stations. [German] Dieser Tagungsbericht enthaelt folgende Themenschwerpunkte: Kryotechnik - Supraleitung/Energiespeicher; Kryoanwendungen in der Biologie und Medizin; Messtechnik; Adsorptionsprozesse; Kondensation/Verdampfung; Arbeitsfluide/Simulation; Eiserzeugung; Anlagen und Verdichter; Expansion und Ejektoren bzw. Rueckkuehlung; Kaelteanwendung (PKW-Klimatisierung; Supermarkt); Kaeltemittel; Anlageneffizienz; Emissionen und Gesetzgebung; Klimatechnik und Waermepumpenanwendung; Luftqualitaet und Regelung; Gebaeudetechnik und BHKW.

Current situation regarding the co-combustion of waste materials in power plants; Aktuelle Situation der Mitverbrennung von Abfallstoffen in Kraftwerken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schirmer, U.; Krueger, H.; Puch, K.H. [VGB Technische Vereinigung der Grosskraftwerksbetreiber e.V., Essen (Germany)

1998-09-01

In view of the wholly insufficient capacity, relative to current arisings, of waste incineration plants, residue processing plants and plants for the utilisation of other combustible materials we are inevitably faced with the question whether power plant furnaces might not be suited for the thermal treatment and utilisation of wastes and residues. This possibility has been studied by many VGB member companies and seriously investigated for its practicability in several cases. The investigations were premised on the following fundamental positions. The VGB members are prepared to contribute to the solution of the above problems as long as this is possible without detriment to their duties as energy suppliers. They can only assume this responsibility if the requirements of the licensing laws are observed. This concerns the quality and arising quantities of wastes to be taken in, emissions, and the disposal of combustion residues. Power plants typically make more or less complete use of their own process residues, a feature which as far as possible should not be impaired by the co-combustion process. The technical problems posed by the co-combustion of suitable residues and wastes are usually solvable. Co-combustion offers an alternative and a supplement to dedicated waste utilisation plants or plants for the utilisation of suitable residues. Beyond this some companies are interested in profiting from the fees that will be due to them for utilising wastes. From 1990 to 1992 a VGB working group studied the option of co-combustion on the basis of the above premises. The material elaborated by the group now in turn serves as a basis for the following deliberations. [Deutsch] Da die Kapazitaet der Abfallverbrennungsanlagen, der Anlagen zur Reststoffverwertung und der Anlagen zur Nutzung sonstiger brennbaren Stoffe fuer das vorhandene Angebot bei weitem nicht ausreicht, ergibt sich die Frage der Eignung von Kraftwerksfeuerungen zur thermischen Behandlung und Verwertung von

OPAL extension for permanent-magnet motors; OPAL-Erweiterung fuer Permanentmagnet-Motoren - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanner, R

2008-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at an extension to the OPAL software that is concerned with the energy-efficient design of pump and fan systems that use induction motors. This software has been extended by a module for permanent magnet motors which directly addresses the question of how much energy and cost can be saved through the use of this type of motors compared to ASM standard motors. However, it is noted that certain parameters of permanent magnet motors necessary to make use of this new design feature must be available, which is currently not the case. In order to make this design application available to a wider group of users, a web-based user interface has been developed. New Web-2.0 features that have been included to provide improved usability are discussed. In addition, it is noted that the software has now been adapted to support German, English and French versions. Also, the EuroDEEM database has been integrated, thus giving access to the performance data of more than 10,000 motors.

Efficient operation of asynchronous motors - Final report; Effizienter Betrieb von Asynchronmotoren - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beeli, N.; Jenni, F.

2010-10-15

Research has shown that the reduction of energy losses in electrical machines offers an enormous saving potential. The largest share of these losses is represented by induction motors in the medium power range. A significant fraction of these losses could be minimized by using modern frequency converters instead of traditional drive systems. However, even when operated with converters, the efficiency of these machines is still not optimal: By implementing an intelligent control scheme which involves a reduction in the magnetizing current, a significant improvement in efficiency can be achieved. Theoretical studies of the economical potential were conducted with and without the iron saturation taken into account. The behavior of the machines in the two cases of operation was described by numerical simulation. Two control algorithms that could be used in a converter have been developed: One utilizing a typical control methodology (constant flux in the machine as a reference) and another designed for optimal performance. The results show that an economical potential of up to 643 GWh per year is possible in Switzerland for all asynchronous machines, which corresponds to 4% of the total power consumption of these machines in Switzerland. With a price of 0.15 CHF/kWh, this represents a saving of approximately 95 million CHF. At this stage, it should be emphasized that this potential can be exploited provided that each machine is already equipped with a frequency converter. Converters with optimized performance are available from some manufacturers. Further investigation was required to determine if the measured savings correspond to the theoretical results. Thus, three converters have been measured in the laboratory using a controlled experiment. It was found that these saving options are effective only for non-dynamic regimes and that the algorithms are not yet ideal for torques below 10% of nominal. The reason for these results are unclear, as the algorithms used are proprietary and not disclosed by the manufacturers of the frequency converters. In a subsequent investigation the methods employed in this study should be applied to determine the savings potential of these algorithms within the dynamic regimes of the systems. (authors)

The 'Weri' small hydro project; Kraftwerk Weri - Schlussbericht. Programm Kleinwasserkraftwerke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burgener, H.-P. [EWBN Elektrizitaetswerk Brig-Naters AG, Brig-Glis (Switzerland); Bodenmann, M. [BSAP Ingenieure und Berater, Brig-Glis (Switzerland)

2008-11-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on a project which augments an existing hydropower complex in Brig-Naters, Switzerland. A project for an additional hydropower installation below the last stage of the existing complex in the North Simplon Pass region is presented and discussed. Details are presented on the amount of water available, the boundary conditions pertaining and the technical concept proposed. Financial aspects, including support from the Swiss cost-covering remuneration scheme for electricity from renewable energy sources are also examined. The costs and economic viability of the project are discussed, as are environmental aspects to be taken into account during the construction and operation of the proposed power station.

The 'Lehn' small hydro-power station; KWKW Lehn Vorprojekt - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruff, H.; Widmer, P.

2009-02-15

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the refurbishment of a small hydro-power station in the UNESCO biosphere region in the Entlebuch, Switzerland. The five grounds for the refurbishment are examined - repair of the water intake, flood protection, regulation of residual water, reduction of floating debris and sand and optimisation of the system by using automatic control. Figures on the cost of the refurbishment and electricity production are presented and discussed, as is the economic viability of the project. The existing installations are described and the hydrology of the stream is discussed, as are legal requirements and technical basics. Variants for the refurbishment are examined and operational aspects are looked at. A comprehensive appendix provides details on the proposal in graphical and tabular form.

Waste-heat usage in agricultural biogas installations; Abwaermenutzung in landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gutzwiller, S.

2009-01-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the use of the heat generated in agricultural biogas installations. The author notes that a considerable amount of excess heat is available after internal use and heating requirements of the farm have been met. The article deals with the potential offered by this heat and its possible uses. The methods used in the study are discussed and the boundary conditions for the operation of agricultural biogas installations are examined. The costs incurred when providing an infrastructure for the use, storage and transport of the waste heat are looked at. An economical review of the costs involved in the use of the heat is made and compared with reference systems based on oil-fired heating systems and a number of cold generation systems based on various technologies. Also, electrical power generation using the Organic Rankine Cycle and Kalina processes is looked at. Finally, the various possible uses of the waste heat are evaluated.

The hand of birds revealed by early ostrich embryos

Science.gov (United States)

Feduccia, Alan; Nowicki, Julie

2002-08-01

The problem of resolving the homology of the digits of the avian hand has been framed as a conflict between paleontological and embryological evidence, the former thought to support a hand composed of digits I, II, III, because of similarity of the phalangeal formulae of the earliest known bird Archaeopteryx to that of Mesozoic pentadactyl archosaurs, while embryological evidence has traditionally favored a II, III, IV avian hand. We have identified the critical developmental period for the major features of the avian skeleton in a primitive bird, the ostrich. Analysis of digit anlagen in the avian hand has revealed those for digits/metacarpals I and V, thus confirming previous embryological studies that indirectly suggested that the avian hand comprises digits II, III, IV, and was primitively pentadactyl.

Vermittlungstechnik

Science.gov (United States)

Plaßmann, Wilfried

In einem vorhandenen Nachrichtennetz sorgt die Vermittlungstechnik dafür, dass Informationen zu jeder Zeit von einem beliebigen Zugangspunkt zu einem beliebigen anderen Zugangspunkt übertragen werden können. Der gesamte Vorgang wird mit Vermittlung bezeichnet. Das größte weltweit vorhandene Nachrichtennetz ist das kombinierte Internet-Telefonnetz. Die Zugangspunkte sind die Anschlusspunkte (ortsfeste Anschlussdosen) für die Endgeräte, wie z. B. Rechner, Telefonapparate, Faxgeräte oder Modems, oder aber ortsveränderliche Endgeräte wie Laptops, schnurlose Telefone oder Funktelefone ("Handys"). Die Vermittlungsstelle klassischer Art mit hierarchischem Aufbau ist nahezu vollständig durch komplexe rechnergesteuerte national arbeitende Anlagen ersetzt worden. In diesem Kapitel werden deshalb grundlegende Eigenschaften dargestellt. Stichworte: Grundbegriffe; Vermittlung; Verkehrstheorie; Endgeräte.

Validation of the RALOC-mod.4 thermal-hydraulics code on evaporation transients in the Phebus containment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spitz, P.B.; Lemoine, F.; Tirini, S.

1997-01-01

IPSN (Nuclear Protection and Safety Institute) and GRS (Gesellschaft fur Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit Schwertnergasse 1) are developing the ESCADRE-ASTEC systems of codes devoted to the prediction of the behaviour of water-cooled reactors during a severe accident. The RALOC-mod 4 code belongs to this system and is specifically devoted to containment thermal-hydraulics studies. IPSN has designed a Thermal Hydraulic Containment Test Program in support to the Phebus Fission Product Test Program/2/. Evaporation tests have been recently performed in the Phebus containment test facility. The objective of this work is to assess against these tests the capability of the RALOC -mod 4 code to capture the phenomena observed in these experiments and more particularly the evaporation heat transfer and wall heat transfers. (DM)

Degradation behaviour and excess sludge production of mixed biocoenoses in membrane bioreactors; Abbauverhalten und Ueberschussschlammproduktion von Mischbiozoenosen in Membranbioreaktoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kraume, M. [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Verfahrenstechnik; Szewzyk, U. [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Fachgebiet Oekologie und Mikroorganismen

1999-07-01

In three different membrane bioreactors (technical scale and pilot scale), process engineering and microbiological studies were carried out over a period of up to three years. The sewage used was sugar-beet molasses slop and municipal sewage. All three plants exhibited stable COD degradation rates of 87 % (molasses slop) and 95 % (municipal sewage). They could be operated during the test period without regular removal of excess sludge. (orig.) [German] An drei unterschiedlichen Membranbioreaktoren (Technikums- und Pilotmassstab) wurden ueber einen Zeitraum von bis zu 3 Jahren verfahrenstechnische und mirkobiologische Untersuchungen durchgefuehrt. Als Abwasser wurde Zuckerrueben-Melasseschlempe und kommunales Abwasser eingesetzt. Alle drei Anlagen zeigten stabile CSB-Abbaugrade von 87% (Melasseschlempe) und 95% (kommunale Abwasser). Sie konnten ueber den Vesuchszeitraum ohne regelmaessigen Abzug von Ueberschussschlamm betrieben werden. (orig.)

Differentiation of cartilaginous anlagen in entire embryonic mouse limbs cultured in a rotating bioreactor

Science.gov (United States)

Montufar-Solis, D.; Oakley, C. R.; Jefferson, Y.; Duke, P. J.

2003-10-01

Mechanisms involved in development of the embryonic limb have remained the same throughout eons of genetic and environmental evolution under Earth gravity (lg). During the spaceflight era it has been of interest to explore the ancient theory that form of the skeleton develops in response to gravity, and that changes in gravitational forces can change the developmental pattern of the limb. This has been shown in vivo and in vitro, allowing the hypergravity of centrifugation and microgravity of space to be used as tools to increase our knowledge of limb development. In recapitulations of spaceflight experiments, premetatarsals were cultured in suspension in a bioreactor, and found to be shorter and less differentiated than those cultured in standard culture dishes. This study only measured length of the metatarsals, and did not account for possible changes due to the skeletal elements having a more in vivo 3D shape while in suspension vs. flattened tissues compressed by their own weight. A culture system with an outcome closer to in vivo and that supports growth of younger limb buds than traditional systems will allow studies of early Hox gene expression, and contribute to the understanding of very early stages of development. The purpose of the current experiment was to determine if entire limb buds could be cultured in the bioreactor, and to compare the growth and differentiation with that of culturing in a culture dish system. Fore and hind limbs from E11-E13 ICR mouse embryos were cultured for six days, either in the bioreactor or in center-well organ culture dishes, fixed, and embedded for histology. E13 specimens grown in culture dishes were flat, while bioreactor culture specimens had a more in vivo-like 3D limb shape. Sections showed excellent cartilage differentiation in both culture systems, with more cell maturation, and hypertrophy in the specimens cultured in the bioreactor. Younger limb buds fused together during culture, so an additional set of El 1.5 limb buds was cultured with and without encapsulation in alginate prior to culturing in the bioreactor. Encapsulated limbs grown in the bioreactor did not fuse together, but developed only the more proximal elements while limbs grown in culture dishes formed proximal and distal elements. Alginate encapsulation may have reduced oxygenation to the progress zone of the developing limb bud resulting in lack of development of the more distal elements. These results show that the bioreactor supports growth and differentiation of skeletal elements in entire E13 limb buds, and that a method to culture younger limb buds without fusing together needs to be developed if any morphometric analysis is to be performed.

LonWorks as Fieldbus for PV-Installations; LonWorks als Feldbus fuer PV-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergen, Ch. von

2003-07-01

The growing market for photovoltaics increasingly requires suitable quality controls covering plant operators, planners and installers, as well as the electric utilities. Additionally, the interest of the general public in the behaviour of photovoltaic (PV) plants is growing. This includes information from everyday practice. Alongside data retrieval, other themes such as the operative management of the unit and energy management become increasingly important for grid-connected PV systems. Todays measuring systems are not compatible with each other. Data communication between different PV plants with computer-aided analysis- and visualisation programmes is very complicated. LonWorks was introduced by Motorola and Toshiba in 1991. Today it leads the world market for field bus systems. With plug and play, components by several manufacturers can easily be incorporated into a LonWorks network. Today more than 3,500 companies use LonWorks technology. The goal of this project is to introduce the very popular LonWorks technology as a new standard for PV applications. The first objective was to develop a LonWorks interface for our Convert inverters and to connect them into a small network. In a second step we installed a LonWorks system at the 260 kW{sub p} PV plant 'Felsenau' in Berne, Switzerland. All 68 inverters are controlled over power line with LonWorks. The on-site PC acts as LonWorks DataServer and making remote information monitoring and data gathering possible. As soon as a functional error occurs, an alarm will be transmitted via modem to the SMSC (Short Message Service Centre). After two years of operation we can say that all expectations were fulfilled by our new system. Knowledge gained from this project has shown that LonWorks has lived up its considerable promise and can be regarded as a high-quality piece of technology. Integration into an overall system is technically very easy. To do this, however, relatively expensive software solutions have to be used as integration tools. This pressure on prices has the result that in the case of smaller applications (< 25 network nodes), this technology cannot compete with solutions that are already on the market. In addition, the expected penetration of a standardised field bus system into the PV sector has just not happened. Users appear to have resigned themselves to the disadvantages of the various proprietary communications solutions. This lack in demand makes the introduction of such a system even more difficult. (author)

Annual energy balances of CHP-units supplying households; Jahresenergiebilanzen von KWK-Anlagen zur Hausenergieversorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geiger, B.; Muehlbacher, H. [Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Energiewirtschaft und Anwendungstechnik

2008-07-01

A method to balance CHP-units for use in households on an annual basis has been developed. Seasonal as well as intraday fluctuations of the CHP-units are accounted for in the model. The results of this new method were validated in a test facility for certain days. Together with experimentally obtained data from a CHP-unit, the potential for technical improvements and a more favourable operational mode can be derived from the model. (orig.)

Safety assessment of reactor components under complex multiaxial cyclic loading. Final report; Sicherheitsbewertung kerntechnischer Komponenten bei komplexer, mehrachsiger Schwingbeanspruchung. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fesich, Thomas M.; Herter, Karl-Heinz; Schuler, Xaver

2012-12-15

Objective of the project was the experimental assurance of investigations on the theoretical basis of multiaxial fatigue loading. The review of the applicability of existing hypotheses, as well as the extension of the corresponding data base was carried out by experimental studies in fatigue tests under complex multiaxial loading for a ferritic and austenitic material. To investigate the influence of complex multiaxial stress conditions on the fatigue behavior, in this project notched cylindrical specimens were examined under alternating tensile/pressure loading and alternating torsional loading. Through the notch in the notched section inhomogeneous, multiaxial stress states are generated. By uniaxial alternating tests on unnotched specimens and a further series of tests on unnotched specimens under alternating torsional loading an evaluation of the impact and influence of the notch of stress on fatigue behavior was possible. A series of experiments with superimposition of alternating torsional and alternating tensile/pressure loading permits verification of the effect of phase-shifted stress and rotating principal coordinate system. All experiments were performed at room temperature. As part of the research project, the experimental results with the ferritic and austenitic materials were evaluated in terms of material behavior (hardening or softening) under cyclic loading. These were to uniaxial alternating tensile/pressure tests, alternating torsional tests (unnotched cylindrical specimens), alternating tensile/pressure tests on notched cylindrical specimens, alternating torsional tests on notched cylindrical specimens, alternating tensiontorsion tests with complex proportional stresses on unnotched cylindrical specimens (superimposition of normal and shear stress components), as well as alternating tension-torsion tests with complex non-proportional strain on unnotched cylindrical specimens (superimposition of normal and shear stress components with 90 phase shift). Research results developed within the framework of the project of the numerical calculations showed that the simulation of non-proportional tests with a conventional material model without considering the non-proportional additional hardening achieved not satisfactory results. Therefore, in this project, a simulation methodology was developed, which improved the prediction quality considerably. A comparison of conventional and newly developed methodology used the example of austenitic material, the improvement achieved are demonstrated in the simulation of the stabilized hysteresis. Both the extreme values and the shape of hysteresis surfaces were not predicted with satisfactory quality when neglecting the nonproportional additional hardening. For ferritic and austenitic materials with the new methodology the calculated axial forces and torsional moments showed very good congruence with the experimental data for all loading scenarios.

Noble metal recycling. Project 2: Optimization of discontinuous thermal processes (emission reduction). Final report; Edelmetallrecycling. Teilvorhaben 2: Weiterentwicklung der Verfahrenstechnik bei diskontinuierlichen thermischen Prozessen (Emissionsminderung). Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumbach, G.; Berger, R.

2000-10-01

A batch operated incineration process, used for the recycling of precious metals is described in the report. The development of a new combined pyrolysis/oxidation Process is the main focus of the work. This new process has several remarkable advantages compared to traditionally used techniques. The optimisation of the process with a modern fuzzy based control technique is described in detail. The emissions of the process were reduced considerably applying the new process and the innovative control technique. Furthermore the layout of several components of the new process can be reduced in the future. The developed techniques can also be applied in other thermal processes, especially batch processes. Additionally the application of catalysts for PCDD/PCDF reduction in the flue gas upstream and downstream of the filter was investigated. Whereas the catalyst performed well, as expected, downstream of the filter, no acceptable operation was possible upstream of the filter. As the reheating downstream the filter is economically not feasible the application of catalysts is not applicable for the describe process. (orig.) [German] Die Arbeit beschreibt einen diskontinuierlichen thermischen Prozess, der zur Rueckgewinnung von Edelmetallen eingesetzt wird. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung eines neuartigen kombinierten Pyrolyse/Oxidations-Prozesses, der gegenueber den traditionell eingesetzten Anlagen grosse Vorteile aufweist. Die Optimierung dieses Prozesses mit Hilfe modernster Fuzzy-Regelungstechnik wird detailliert beschrieben. Mit dem neuen Verfahren und den innovativen Regelungstechniken konnten die Emissionen des Prozesses merklich gesenkt werden, ohne den Energiebedarf negativ zu beeinflussen. Ausserdem koennen zukuenftige Anlagen kleiner ausgelegt werden. Die entwickelten Verfahren koennen auch auf andere thermische Prozesse uebertragen werden. Weiterhin wurde der Einsatz von Katalysatoren zur PCDD/PCDF-Minderung im Rein- und Rohgas untersucht

Oil-free heat pump plants with R744 (CO{sub 2}); Oelfreie Waermepumpenanlagen mit R744 (CO{sub 2})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hafner, Armin [SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim (Norway)

2011-07-01

Refrigeration systems must have a certain oil level to ensure lubrication of mechanical components of the compressor. Some of the oil will escape from the compressor into the working fluid and thus into the cooling circuit (heat exchanger, tubes, header, etc.) The advantages of oil-free R744 refrigerators are assessed for different applications, e.g. industrial cooling (e.g. in supermarket), cooling during transport, cooling on board ships for production of cooled sea water, and in industrial heat pumps. The simpler design of oil-free systems will result in lower construction cost and also in a lower life cycle cost. The CREATIV project focussed on the development of an oil-free, hermetically sealed compressor. The compressor will be installed in the SINTEF-/NTNU laboratories at Trondheim in 2012 and will then be tested on site in several pilot projects. [German] In Kaelteanlagen muss eine bestimmte Menge an Oel vorhanden sein, um die Schmierung von mechanisch bewegten Teilen des Verdichters sicherzustellen. Dieses Oel wird hauptsaechlich im Verdichter bevorratet, jedoch gelangt ein nicht unwesentlicher Anteil mit dem Arbeitsmedium in den Kaeltemittelkreislauf. Somit befindet sich eine nicht vernachlaessigbare Menge an Schmiermittel in den Waermeuebertragern, Rohrleitungen, im Sammler etc. Die Vorteile von oelfreien R744-Kaelteanlagen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Kaelteanlagen werden fuer unterschiedliche Anwendungen bewertet: grosstechnische Kuehlung (z. B. Supermarktkuehlung), Transportkuehlung, an Bord von Schiffen bei der Produktion von gekuehltem Meerwasser (RSW) und von industriellen Waermepumpen. Aufgrund der viel einfacheren Bauweise von oelfreien Anlagen werden die Anlagenkosten meistens reduziert. Durch Reduzierung von Service- und Instandhaltungsarbeiten sowie einer verbesserten Systemleistung, die zu einem energieeffizienteren Betrieb fuehrt, sind die Gesamtkosten waehrend der Lebensdauer (Life Cycle Costs) einer oelfreien Anlage im Vergleich zu

Decommissioning and dismantling: Qualification of the gamma scanning method as a certified method for radiological decontrolling measurement. Final report; Stillegung und Rueckbau: Qualifizierung des Gamma-Scanning zur Freimessung. Genehmigungspraxis. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kirchhoff, J.; Stasch, W.P.

1998-10-01

Prior to release from the radiological supervision and control regime of the AtG (German Atomic Energy Act), nuclear facilities have to be scanned using licensed radioactivity measuring methods for providing evidence that the remaining radioactive contamination is below the legally defined limits and excludes hazards to the population, material goods, or the environment. The manually performed {alpha}/{beta} measuring methods applied so far for radiological decontrolling measurement are surface scanning methods measuring the contamination of very thin surface layers of the structures, while radioactivity in deeper layers is not necessarily detected. The gamma scanning method presented in this document is capable of scanning the structures and materials of nuclear facilities from the surface down to much deeper layers in just one measuring run. The automated scanning process at the same time offers the advantage of preventing the uncertainties possibly contributed through human factors. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Vor der Entlassung von kerntechnischen Anlagen aus dem Geltungsbereich des AtG ist sicherzustellen, dass von der Anlage nach Freigabe aus der atomrechtlichen Ueberwachung keine Gefahren fuer Personen, Sachgueter und die Umwelt ausgehen koennen. Hierzu sind die Anlagen freizumessen, d.h. es ist durch qualifizierte Messverfahren sicherzustellen, dass festgelegte radiologische Grenzwerte unterschritten werden. Die bisherigen auf {alpha}/{beta}-Messung beruhenden Freimessverfahren (Kontaminationsmonitore) erfassen nur die Radioaktivitaet in duennsten Oberflaechenschichten. Radioaktivitaet in darunter liegenden Schichten wird nicht zwangslaeufig erfasst. Zudem erfolgen diese Messungen ausschliesslich manuell. Das Gamma-Scanning-Freimessverfahren erfasst neben der Oberflaechenschicht gleichzeitig auch tiefere Schichten. Der Nachweis der Grenzwertunterschreitung kann somit in nur einem Arbeitsgang erbracht werden. Durch automatisiertes Scannen koennte darueber hinaus

Projecting and construction in hydrological engineering. Comparison of goals and results. Papers read at the symposium of 15 - 17 Oct 1998; Planung und Realisierung im Wasserbau. Vergleich von Zielvorstellungen mit den Ergebnissen. Beitraege zum Symposium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strobl, T. [ed.; Zunic, F. [comp.

1998-07-01

Today's hydrological engineers must take account of boundary conditions that were considered unimportant even a few years ago, e.g. ecological and social acceptability as well as political goals. The symposium presents examples of goals and reality, discusses the shortcomings of reality, and states the reasons. [German] Der Wasserbauingenieur muss heute bei der Planung und Realisierung wasserwirtschaftlicher Projekte und wasserbaulicher Anlagen viele Randbedingungen beruecksichtigen, die noch vor Jahren nicht oder nicht im derzeitigen Umfang massgebend waren. So ist beispielsweise die Beruecksichtigung gesamtoekologischer Belange bei groesseren Vorhaben zur selbstverstaendlichen Vorgabe einer jeden Planung geworden. Aber auch gesellschaftlich konsensfaehige Loesungen und die Beachtung politischer Wuensche stellen den Wasserbauingenieur vor grosse planerische Herausforderungen. Ein Ziel des Symposiums ist es, an konkreten Beispielen Planung und Wirklichkeit vorzustellen, eventuelle Abweichungen zu diskutieren und Ursachen hierfuer herauszuarbeiten. (orig.)

VESPA. Behaviour of long-lived fission and activation products in the nearfield of a nuclear waste repository and the possibilities of their retention

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bischofer, Barbara; Hagemann, Sven [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Koeln (Germany); Altmaier, Marcus [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT) (Germany); and others

2016-06-15

The present document is the final report of the Joint Research Project VESPA (Behaviour of Long-lived Fission and Activation Products in the Near Field of a Nuclear Waste Repository and the Possibilities of Their Retention), started in July 2010 with a duration of four years. The following four institutions were collaborative Partners in VESPA: - Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH - Institut fuer Energie- und Klimaforschung, IEK-6: Nukleare Entsorgung und Reaktorsicherheit, Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) - Institut fuer Ressourcenoekologie (IRE), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) - Institut fuer Nukleare Entsorgung (INE), Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT) VESPA was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi) under the contract numbers 02 E 10770 (GRS), 02 E 10780 (FZJ-IEF-6), 02 E 10790 (HZDR-IRE), 02 E 10800 (KIT-INE).

Air-cooled recirculation cooling systems. Technical and economic comparison; Luftgekuehlte Rueckkuehlsysteme. Technisch wirtschaftlicher Vergleich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dierks, G. [Fa. Jaeggi/Guentner (Schweiz) AG, Trimbach (Switzerland)

2000-03-01

There are several air-cooled forced-circulation cooling systems for heat removal from refrigeration systems. Optimum solutions should not be selected on the basis of the cost factor alone; an integrative approach should be used instead. An exemplary investigation is presented. [German] Fuer die Waermeabfuhr aus kaeltetechnischen Anlagen stehen verschiedene luftgekuehlte, zwangsbelueftete Rueckkuehlsysteme zur Verfuegung. Die Auswahl des Systems ist oft von kurzfristigem Kostendenken gepraegt, was in technischer und wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht aber nicht immer der optimalen Loesung entspricht. Erst die genauere Kenntnis der verschiedenen Systeme und eine ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweise ermoeglichen die optimale Wahl fuer den einzelnen Fall. Die hier praesentierte Untersuchung wird anhand eines konkreten Falls dargestellt, wobei Preise und technische Produktdaten auf realen Anfragen beruhen. Der Autor ist um objetive Bewertung bemueht, der Leser moege aber selbst urteilen. (orig./AKF)

ATHLET calculations of the pressurizer surge line break (PH-SLB test) at the PMK-2 test facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krepper, E.; Schaefer, F.

2000-01-01

At the Hungarian integral test facility PMK-2 a pressurizer surge line break experiment (PH-SLB test) was carried out with the PHARE 4.2.6b project. The primary objective of the test was to provide experimental data for a surge line break transient at VVER-440 reactors with reduced injection from the emergency core cooling systems (ECC). At the Institute of Safety Research calculations of the experiment were performed with the thermohydraulic computer code ATHLET, which was developed by GRS (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit) mbH. In the context of the PHARE 4.2.6b project the Institute of Safety Research has also supplied the void fraction measurement system for the PMK-2 test facility and was involved in the evaluation of the experimental results. (orig.)

A simple free-piston Sterling engine for combined heat and power generation (CHP) in the residential sector; Einfacher Stirling-Freikolben-Motor fuer die Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung (KWK) im Wohnbereich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Budliger, J.P.

2001-07-01

A completely static resonance tube is used in the Stirling cycle, as a substitute for a displacer piston. The Sterling system described works with only one, elastically suspended piston. The simple, cost-effective and maintenance-free basic design concept is explained in full detail, as well as some possible design types of resonance tube-charged, one-piston Stirling systems and their major advantages and performance characterisitcs. (orig./CB) [German] Anstelle eines Schwingkolbens kann auch ein voellig statisches Resonanzrohr eingesetzt werden: das resultierende Stirling-System umfasst nur noch einen einzigen, elastisch aufgehaengten Kolben. Dieses einfache, kostenguenstige und unterhaltsfreie Konzept stellt eine erwartungsvolle Loesung fuer dezentrale KWK-Anlagen dar. Im Vortrag werden einige moegliche Auslegungen solcher, mit Resonanzrohren aufgeladenen 1-Kolben-Stirling-Aggregate diskutiert, ihre wesentlichsten Eigenschaften und Leistungscharakteristiken beschrieben. (orig./CB)

Promising energy converters for the next century. Fuel cells for cogeneration systems; Aussichtsreicher Energiewandler fuers naechste Jahrhundert. Brennstoffzelle fuer Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hilscher, G

1996-02-16

First there is a report on experience with phosphoric acid fuel cell plants (PAFC), which the operators used in a 200 kW plant of Onsi (HEAG, Ruhrgas AG, Thyssengas AG) and a 79 kW plant of Kinetics Technology (Solar-Wasserstoff Bayern GmbH). After this, the present state of development of oxide ceramic high temperature fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte diaphragm fuel cells (PEMFC) is briefly described. (MM) [Deutsch] Zuerst wird ueber Erfahrungen mit Phosphorsaeure-Brennstoffzellen-Anlagen (PAFC) berichtet, die die Betreiber einer 200 kW-Anlage von Onsi (HEAG, Ruhrgas AG, Thyssengas AG) und einer 79 kW-Anlage von Kinetics Technology (Solar-Wasserstoff-Bayern GmbH) hatten. Danach wird kurz der derzeitige Stand der Entwicklung bei den oxidkeramischen Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen (SOFC) und Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran-Brennstoffzellen (PEMFC) wiedergegeben. (MM)

Music hall Markneukirchen; Musikhalle in Markneukirchen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

1996-01-01

The article presents the new building of the music hall Markneukirchen. From the planned use of the building result very high demands on the ventilation system in order to keep to a sound power level of less than 30 dB(A) in the hall. The building services are dealt with using numerous flowsheets and diagrams: Heat supply, ventilation system, sanitary system, building management, instrumentation and control, electric and lighting systems. (BWI) [Deutsch] Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den Neubau der Musikhalle Markneukirchen vor. Durch das Nutzungskonzept ergeben sich fuer die Einhaltung eines Schalleistungspegels von weniger als 30 dB(A) im Saalbereich an die Lueftungsanlage sehr hohe Ansprueche. Es werden die raumlufttechnischen Anlagen anhand zahlreicher Flussbilder und Abbildungen vorgestellt: Waermeversorgung, Lueftungstechnik, Sanitaertechnik, Gebaeudeleit- und MSR-Technik, Elektro- und Lichttechnik. (BWI)

The Neustadt-Glewe geothermal project - problems and experience during operation; Das Geothermieprojekt Neustadt-Glewe - Probleme und Erfahrungen mit einer laufenden Anlage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Menzel, H [Erdwaerme Neustadt-Glewe GmbH (Germany)

1997-12-01

The scope and goals of the project and the principle of the Neustadt-Glewe geothermal system are presented. The system was commissioned in February 1995, so that sufficient performance data and availability information are now available. Problems that occurred are described and analyzed. Preliminary analyses of the consumption-dependent cost and cost distribution provide a basis for statements on the economic efficiency of geothermal projects. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es werden Inhalt und Ziel des Projektes, sowie das Prinzip der Geothermienutzung in Neustadt-Glewe kurz dargestellt. Nachdem die Anlage im Februar 1995 in Betrieb ging, koennen erste Betriebsergebnisse und Zuverlaessigkeitsaussagen gegeben werden. Es werden Probleme beim Betrieb der Anlagen geschildert und analysiert. Erste Analysen fuer die verbrauchsabhaengigen Kosten und die Kostenverteilung bilden die Grundlage fuer Aussagen zur Wirtschaftlichkeit derartiger Projekte. (orig.)

Comparison of CASMO and NESSEL few group cross section libraries and their usage in DYN3D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuchin, A.; Ovdiyenko, Y.; Loetsch, T.

2007-01-01

This work presents comparative analysis of two group diffusion cross sections libraries which were generated by NESSEL-4 and CASMO-4 lattice codes. Diffusion parameters were calculated for WWER-1000 fuel assemblies with stainless steel spacing grids and guiding tubes. These cross section sets were introduced into reactor core code DYN3D and tested on the base of real reactor core states. In this case operation data of the first three fuel cycles of sixth unit of Zaporizhzhya NPP were used. The work was performed in the framework of the order BMU SR 2511 - 862 500/09, UA-2575. The report describes the opinion and view of the contractor - TUV ENERGIE CONSULT - and does not necessarily represent the opinion of the ordering party - Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH (Authors)

Powerful near-surface geothermal energy with vertical groundwater circulation; Leistungsfaehige oberflaechennahe Geothermie mit vertikaler Grundwasserzirkulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viernickel, Michael [Geo-En Energy Technologies GmbH, Berlin (Germany). Bereich Produktentwicklung und Projektierung komplexer Energiesysteme unter Einsatz von Geothermie

2013-03-15

The conversion of energy supply based on renewable energies will be electricity based and the efficient provision of heating and cooling can be done by electric heat pumps. In cities, however, where the open areas for geothermal systems are scarce, groundwater-based systems can be a powerful option. The development of a large heat reservoir via a single bore is possible with vertical groundwater circulation systems and is described here. [German] Der Umbau der Energieversorgung auf erneuerbare Energien wird Strom basiert sein und eine effiziente Bereitstellung von Waerme und Kaelte kann durch elektrische Waermepumpen erfolgen. Innerstaedtisch sind die Freiflaechen fuer Geothermieanlagen allerdings knapp, so dass Grundwasser basierte Anlagen eine leistungsfaehige Option darstellen koennen. Die Erschliessung eines grossen Waerme-Reservoirs ueber nur eine Bohrung ist mit vertikalen Grundwasserzirkulationsanlagen moeglich und wird hier beschrieben.

Design options for process control systems in an attempt to integrate experiential knowledge and cooperation in process and power systems based on continuous processes (definition phase). Final report; Gestaltungsoptionen fuer die Prozessleittechnik zur Foerderung erfahrungsgeleiteter Arbeit und Kooperation in verfahrens- und energietechnischen Anlagen mit kontinuierlichen Prozessen (Definitionsphase). Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lappus, G. [ed.; Gomol, S.; Popov, K.; Winzer, P.; Moldaschl, P.; Rose, H.; Hering, S.

1997-05-01

An innovative interaction concept for process control was developed at BTU Cottbus university. The concept integrates such aspects as process control, environmental protection, maintenance and quality assurance. It is to be managed by a user group with the emphasis on empirical work and cooperation, industrial sociology and psychology, and acquilsition and multimedia use of experiential knowledge. For this purpose, empirical data were compiled and evaluated. Two workshops and a final presentation served to discuss the data with potential users and to get new ideas. Each project partner drew up a concept paper with their own ideas and proposed solutions. After the workshops and the final presentation, these papers were revised again. A demonstrator was developed in order to be able to present the new concept and ideas to potiential partners in industry, and a final report comprising a summary description and outlook was published. (orig.) [Deutsch] An der BTU Cottbus wurde ein innovatives Interaktionskonzept fuer Prozessfuehrung entwickelt, das verschiedene Arbeitsbereiche bzw. Systeme integrativ zusammenfuehrt, insbesondere Prozessleittechnik, Umweltschutz, Instandhaltung und Qualitaetssicherung und das andererseits von einer Nutzergruppe beherrscht werden soll, wobei die Aspekte erfahrungsgeleitete Arbeit und Kooperation, industriesoziologische und arbeitspsychologische Effekte und Aufbau und multimediale Nutzung von Erfahrungswissen im Mittelpunkt standen. Dazu wurden empirische Erhebungen vorbereitet, durchgefuehrt und ausgewertet. Zwei Workshops und eine Abschlusspraesentation dienten dazu, mit potentiellen Nutzern zu diskutieren und neue Anregungen zu bekommen. Jeder Projektpartner erstellt ein Konzeptpapier mit seinen Vorstellungen und ersten Loesungsansaetzen. Diese wurden nach den Workshops und der Abschlusspraesentation nochmals ueberarbeitet. Ein Demonstrator wurde entwickelt, um eventuellen Industriepartnern das neue Konzept und die Ideen des Vorhabens aufzeigen zu koennen. Ein Abschlussbericht, der die Konzeptpapiere zusammenfasst und einen Ausblick enthaelt, wurde veroeffentlicht. (orig.)

KONTEC 2013. 11{sup th} international symposium on 'Conditioning of radioactive operational and decommissioning waste' and 11{sup th} BMBF status report on 'Decommissioning and demolition of nuclear facilities'; KONTEC 2013. 11. internationales Symposium 'Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfaelle' einschliesslich 11. Statusbericht des BMBF 'Stilllegung und Rueckbau kerntechnischer Anlagen'. Veranstaltungsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2013-06-15

KONTEC 2013 was held in Dresden on 13 to 15 March 2013. The 11{sup th} event organized under this heading dealt with the subjects of 'Conditioning of Radioactive Operational and Decommissioning Waste' and 'Decommissioning and Demolition of Nuclear Facilities' including the R and D Status Report by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) on the same subject. The conference was attended by an international audience from 19 countries. The program included plenary sessions on these 4 key topics: - Disposal of Radioactive Residues from Nuclear Facilities' Operation and Decommissioning. - Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities. - Facilities and Systems for the Conditioning of Operational and Decommissioning Wastes. - Transport, Interim and Final Storage of Non-heat Generating Wastes (i.e. Konrad). These sessions were accompanied by poster sessions and short presentations under the heading of 'Kontec Direct.' The best presentations of the categories Plenary Session Presentation, Poster Presentation and Kontec-Direct have been awarded. In detail, 'Dismantling of Russian nuclear powered submarines' by Detlef Mietann, 'Requalification of 'Old Packages' for the Konrad Repository Described for the Model Case of Packages from Storage Annex A and Repackaging of Containers Holding Compacts in Hall 2 of the GNS Plant' by Martina Koessler, Sebastian Schwall and Pascal Budriks, and 'Electrochemical process development for cleaning organic, C-14-labelled waste solutions' by Hans-Juergen Friedrich. (orig.)

Basics of Swiss water levy politics - Economic considerations; Grundlagen Wasserzinspolitik. Oekonomische Ueberlegungen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ott, W.; Staub, C. [econcept AG, Zuerich (Switzerland); Leimbacher, J. [Joerg Leimbacher, Bern (Switzerland)

2008-10-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the economic considerations involved in defining the basics for the handling of levies on water commodities. This levy is raised in Switzerland on the use of water and represents the payment made to a commune for the use of its water resources. The report first takes a look at the current situation, the reasons behind the Swiss water levy concept and the reasons why they have to be newly regulated. Changes in market factors are discussed, e.g. the liberalisation of the power market and past and future price developments. Also, the situation on the spot and futures markets for electricity is discussed. The actual production costs for hydropower are discussed and compared with other means of electricity generation. Proposals for readjusting the regulations concerning water levies are discussed.

Analysis of conservativity analysis for clearance levels. Final report; Konservativitaetsanalysen bei Freigabegrenzwerten. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deckert, A; Thierfeldt, S

1997-07-01

When deriving clearance levels for material from nuclear installations it is necessary to proceed with a certain degree of conservativity. This can, however, differ between various sets of clearance levels leading to inconsistencies between clearance pathways. The aim of the work therefore is to compare levels of conservativity for the following two sets of clearance levels: clearance levels for disposal as conventional waste and for metallic materials for recycling/reuse. A method was developed to quantify the degree of conservativity and make it comparable. The actual and future situation for disposal of (conventional) wastes in Germany was analysed. In addition, the masses, nuclide vectors, geographical distribution etc. for slightly radioactive material being cleared for conventional disposal was analysed and modelled and the resulting dose distributions were calculated. The values for the clearance levels were taken from the 1995 recommendation by the German Commission on Radiation Protection (SSK). By using realistic scenarios, the exposure was calculated for the personnel on the landfills and for persons of the general public being exposed via groundwater pathways. It could be shown that the trivial dose range will not be exceeded even if the masses of cleared material per landfill site exceed 100 Mg/a. Because of the types and distribution of nuclear installations in Germany and because of the nuclide vectors it is therefore not necessary to limit the masses per landfill sites. Clearance levels that are determined by the exposure pathways external exposure to and the inhalation of dust by the landfill personnel show a similar level of conservativity as those for metal scrap (the reference). This means that the clearance levels for gamma emitting nuclides are not overly restrictive. The radiological model for the exposure via the groundwater pathway is much more conservative (concerning mainly beta emitting nuclides). Although radiologically justified, raising the clearance levels would not lead to an increase of the material quantities because other nuclides of the respective nuclide vectors are limiting. In conclusion, the effort to alter the clearance levels of the 1995 SSK recommendation for conventional disposal does not seem worthwhile. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der Herleitung von Freigabewerten fuer Reststoffe/Abfaelle werden grundsaetzlich radiologisch notwendige Konservativitaeten einbezogen. Diese koennen fuer verschiedene Saetze von Freigabewerten allerdings stark differieren, was zu Inkompatibilitaeten zwischen Freigabepfaden fuehrt. Ziel ist daher der Vergleich der Konservativitaetsniveaus verschiedener Wertesaetze, wozu Konservativitaeten fuer Freigabewerte fuer Abfaelle zur Deponierung und fuer metallische Reststoffe analysiert werden. Es wurden Methoden erarbeitet, um den Grad an Konservativitaet quantitativ zu erfassen. Die Situation bei der Freigabe zur konventionellen Deponierung wurde analysiert, indem die aktuelle und zukuenftige Situation des Abfallaufkommens hinsichtlich Massen, Nuklidvektoren, geographischer Verteilung und Deponierung probabilistisch modelliert und die resultierende Dosisverteilung berechnet wurden. Als Freigabekriterium wurden die Grenzwerte fuer die Freigabe zur konventionellen Deponierung gemaess des SSK-Empfehlungsentwurfs von 1995 angesetzt. Auf der Basis realistischer Szenarien fuer die Exposition des Deponiepersonals und bei Zugrundelegung der Grenzwerte des SSK-Empfehlungsentwurfs wurde eine Dosisverteilung ermittelt, die zeigt, dass der Bereich des radiologischen Schutzziels im Bereich von 10 {mu}Sv/a nicht verlassen wird, auch wenn groessere Massen als 100 Mg/a freigegebenen Materials deponiert werden. Eine Beschraenkung der jaehrlich freigegebenen Masse oder Aktivitaet ist daher nicht erforderlich. Die Freigabewerte, die durch die Belastungspfade externe Bestrahlung und Inhalation bei Deponierpersonal bestimmt werden, weisen ein aehnliches Mass an Konservativitaet auf wie diejenigen fuer Metallschrott, die hier als Vergleichsmassstab dienen. Die radiologische Modellierung fuer Individualdosen, die sich ueber den Wasserpfad fuer die allgemeine Bevoelkerung ergeben, zeigt eine deutlich konservativere Modellierung. Eine eventuelle Anhebung der Freigabewerte fuer stark gammastrahlende Nuklide kommt nicht in Betracht. Nuklide, fuer die eine Anhebung der Freigabewerte aus radiologischer Sicht gerechtfertigt waere, sind nie fuehrend und bestimmen daher nicht die zur Deponierung freigebbaren Massen. Eine Veraenderung der Freigabewerte des SSK-Empfehlungsentwurfs von 1995 erscheint also nicht erforderlich. (orig.)

Vision of future energy networks - Final report; Vision of future energy networks - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Froehlich, K.; Andersson, G.

2008-07-01

In the framework of the project 'Vision of Future Networks', models and methods have been developed that enable a greenfield approach for energy systems with multiple energy carriers. Applying a greenfield approach means that no existing infrastructure is taken into account when designing the energy system, i.e. the system is virtually put up on a green field. The developed models refer to the impacts of energy storage on power systems with stochastic generation, to the integrated modelling and optimization of multi-carrier energy systems, to reliability considerations of future energy systems as well as to possibilities of combined transmission of multiple energy carriers. Key concepts, which have been developed in the framework of this project, are the Energy Hub (for the conversion and storage of energy) and the Energy Interconnector (for energy transmission). By means of these concepts, it is possible to design structures for future energy systems being able to cope with the growing requirements regarding energy supply. (author)

Fermentation of solid wastes in Switzerland; Feststoff-Vergaerung in der Schweiz. Schlussbericht 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liesch, B.; Mueller, C.

2007-06-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a study on dry fermentation technologies. Information on the state-of-the-art of current dry fermentation systems is presented and the potential of implementing dry fermentation in Swiss agriculture is discussed. The study reveals that the current dry fermentation technologies provided by various enterprises are partly not suitable (complex, continuous operating digestion reactors, developed for handling municipal solid waste). Batch digestion reactors, however, are said by the authors to be mature for application in the Swiss agricultural area. Wet fermentation technologies are also quoted as being able to utilise organic substrates with high dry-matter content and are thus said to be economically more competitive than dry fermentation systems. Dry fermentation is quoted as being a technology with a high development potential. Details are presented on several continuous and non-continuous processes used. Also, the potential for the fermentation of solid wastes in Switzerland is reviewed. Experience made in Germany is also examined.

Basics of Swiss water levy politics - Legal aspects; Grundlagen Wasserzinspolitik. Rechtliche Ueberlegungen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leimbacher, J.

2008-10-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the legal aspects involved in setting up the basics for the definition of the interest to be levied on water commodities. This levy is raised in Switzerland on the use of water and represents the payment made to a commune for the use of its water resources. The original aims of the levy, to encourage the use of water resources, are noted. Limits on the height of the levy and the definition and adjustment of the maximum rate by government are discussed. Various legal aspects are examined and the fact that the levy must be economically reasonable and economically acceptable is discussed. Various pragmatic approaches to being able to adjust or index the levy are discussed. The introduction of an additional levy to cover the storage of water is discussed, as is the definition of the part use of the proceeds to provide funding for the high-voltage electricity grid, for example. The history of the levy and various political initiatives are noted and even the abolition of the levy is discussed.

Standby-optimisation for existing lift installations - Final report; Standby-Optimierung bestehender Aufzugsanlagen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lindegger, U. [Schindler Elettronica SA, Locarno (Switzerland); Bettschen, R. [Schindler Aufzuege AG, Ebikon (Switzerland)

2010-07-15

There are about 180,000 elevators in Switzerland. It is interesting to know how much energy those elevators are using and to know their saving potential, if they would optimally use today's available technology. A previous final report (SFOE reference number 250057) has answered these questions. The results have been used in the work for the directive VDI 4707, which defines an energy label for elevators. It can therefore be assumed that a means has been created to have the necessary pressure to continuously improve the energy efficiency of elevators. Since elevators are products with very long lifetime, it will take a couple of decades until the older less efficient elevators got replaced by modern efficient ones. Modernizing elevators is a common practice, where usually modern drive solutions are sold. During the last years, the elevator industry has made high progress in improving the efficiency in the operation. The lack of awareness and the regulatory requirements have continuously increased the standby power. There are no solutions on the market to minimize the standby although 70% of the energy used by elevators in Switzerland count for the standby. Therefore this study has set the target to optimize the standby for existing elevators. The focus has been set to a solution being manufacturer and technology neutral, since the technology and product variations are huge. Using a standby-reduction-device, this study tries to automatically switch off complete elevators from the mains and on demand turns them on again. The study shows the problems faced, the solution chosen and the possible saving potential. As additional goal the study gives practical introduction in the instrumentation and to the energy label for elevators. (authors)

Building when the climate gets warmer; Bauen, wenn das Klima waermer wird - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunner, C. U. [Energieplaner, CUB Architektur Energie Umwelt, Zuerich (Switzerland); Steinemann, U. [Ingenieurbuero Urs Steinemann, Wollerau (Switzerland); Nipkow, J. [Arena, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energie-Alternativen, Zuerich (Switzerland)

2007-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), takes a look at how the building process will have to take account of climate change with higher summer temperatures in Switzerland. The authors consider the situation as being in strong contrast to the past in Switzerland, when attention was devoted to energy demand in buildings during the winter. Today there is a new focus with the anticipation of increasingly frequent, extended hot spells in summer. The goal of this investigation is to analyse and present economic measures to assure a high level of summer comfort with a reduced demand for electricity under these changing conditions. Strategies with respect to construction, technology and operation are addressed. The current spread of technically questionable and inefficient room air conditioning units in residential and commercial buildings is considered as being strongly reminiscent of a dangerous, analogous case in the past, when small electric heaters became widespread. A largely untapped potential exists for increasing the efficiency of air conditioning and chiller technologies for both central systems and room units by the careful use of small temperature differences. Several new and unconventional solution paths are discussed, including high-efficiency room air conditioners, solar cooling equipment, balanced mechanical ventilation, phase-change materials, thermal storage, etc., all aimed at reducing electricity consumption. The expected additional electricity demand of around 1.9 TWh annually for ventilation and air conditioning is commented on.

Measuring the energy consumption of single-phase UPS-devices; Energiemessungen von 1-phasigen USV-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bush, E. [Bush Energie GmbH, Felsberg (Switzerland); Schalcher, M.; Bruggmann, T.; Kuehne, P.; Kammermann, S. [Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft Chur, Chur (Switzerland)

2007-11-15

In the present measuring project, 46 single-phase uninterruptible power supplies (UPS-devices) in the power range from 350 VA up to 3000 VA could be measured with regard to efficiency and energy consumption, at Testlabor S.A.L.T., Chur, Switzerland. The classification into VFD-, VI- and VFI-devices as well as the carrying out of the measuring was accomplished in compliance with IEC 62040-3 with resistive and nonlinear load. As expected, the VFD-devices showed the best efficiency level, followed by VI- and VFI-devices. The efficiency rate at 50%, 75% and 100% of the nominal power differs only slightly and in most cases exceeds 90%. However, at a load of 25% the efficiency decreases considerably (in individual cases to below 80%). There are large differences in the area of standby losses (switched on, without load) which can only partly be explained by the different technologies of the various types of UPS-devices. Compared to the Code of Conduct for UPS-devices with a power of more than 10 kVA, the devices with lower power compare relatively well, especially because of the small power demands for cooling. (author)

Electrotechnical installations. Transformer stations. Construction; transformer rooms. Elektrotechnische Anlagen. Transformatorenstationen. Bauliche Ausfuehrung; Raeume fuer Transformatoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1976-05-01

The data sheet to standardize the construction of transformer rooms for stationary transformers and takes into account the replacement of transformers by units made by different manufacturers. It contains information about the position, dimensions, load assumptions, construction of ceilings, walls and floors, cable routes, electric installations for lighting and ventilation systems, windows and doors, venting, paint and surface protection coatings, arrangement and design of oil catch pans, and calculation of the venting cross sections. Pertinent VDE rules are listed.

Refrigeration plants for the assembly hall VW Mechatronics; Kaeltetechnische Anlagen fuer die Fertigungshalle VW Mechatronic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stroeder, R. [BKI Brab und Kahl Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Aachen (Germany)

2005-07-01

The partial air-conditioning plants of the 16,500 m-2 assembly hall Volkswagen Mechatronic in Stollberg near Chemnitz was described in the September and October 2005 edition of the magazine ''TAB Technik am Bau''. Refrigeration energy at various temperature levels is necessary to supply these plants and for process cooling. The resulting refrigeration plants are described in the following contribution. (orig.)

Self-advertising: PV systems on solar factories; Werbung in eigener Sache. PV-Anlagen an Solarfabriken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trojek, S.

2007-10-02

The contribution investigates if producers of solar systems are also users of solar systems; it looks into the systems installed by German and Japanese companies on their own buildings, into the uses made of the electric power generated, and the experience gained with their own systems. (orig.)

2006 annual nuclear technology conference Aachen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2006-01-01

This year's ANNUAL NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (JK) was organized in Aachen by the Deutsches Atomforum e.V. (DAtF) and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG). The attendance by more than 1,200 participants from 17 nations underlines the role of this specialized congress as one of the leading events in the field of nuclear power use. For several years in a row, the number of participants has been increasing steadily. The first conference day offered plenary presentations traditionally dealing mainly with political and economic issues of the use of nuclear power, including a presentation by the President of the DAtF. The lead countries of JK 2006 were Belgium and Finland with contributions to the plenary day and special meetings on selected topics. The traditional proven scheme of the three-day meeting offered plenary sessions on the first day, and technical sessions, topical sessions, poster sessions, and special events on the following days. The 'Nuclear Power Campus' was run most successfully for the fourth time, presenting to high school students and university freshmen the world of nuclear power in a transparent way. The special commitment to the young generation was stressed at JK 2006 also by the 'Competence Preservation in Nuclear Technology' workshop. Nearly 2 dozen young scientists used the forum to present results of their work. The meeting was accompanied by a technical exhibition with meeting points established by vendors, suppliers, and service providers. (orig.)

2006 annual nuclear technology conference Aachen; Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2006

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2006-07-15

This year's ANNUAL NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (JK) was organized in Aachen by the Deutsches Atomforum e.V. (DAtF) and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG). The attendance by more than 1,200 participants from 17 nations underlines the role of this specialized congress as one of the leading events in the field of nuclear power use. For several years in a row, the number of participants has been increasing steadily. The first conference day offered plenary presentations traditionally dealing mainly with political and economic issues of the use of nuclear power, including a presentation by the President of the DAtF. The lead countries of JK 2006 were Belgium and Finland with contributions to the plenary day and special meetings on selected topics. The traditional proven scheme of the three-day meeting offered plenary sessions on the first day, and technical sessions, topical sessions, poster sessions, and special events on the following days. The 'Nuclear Power Campus' was run most successfully for the fourth time, presenting to high school students and university freshmen the world of nuclear power in a transparent way. The special commitment to the young generation was stressed at JK 2006 also by the 'Competence Preservation in Nuclear Technology' workshop. Nearly 2 dozen young scientists used the forum to present results of their work. The meeting was accompanied by a technical exhibition with meeting points established by vendors, suppliers, and service providers. (orig.)

Energetic use of renewable fuels, especially in Bavaria; Energetische Nutzung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, speziell Holz, in Bayern

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reichel, A; Lamp, P; Funk, R [Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Abt. Energieumwandlung und -speicherung, Garching (Germany)

1997-12-31

Most of Bavaria`s biomass-fuelled furnaces with capacities of more than 1 MW are heating stations with a thermal capacity of 0.6 to 0.9. The few heat-and-power stations among them use the conventional steam cycle and have electric capacities of 0.15 to 0.2. Most furnaces are grate furnaces and underfeed stoker furnaces. Dust and CO emissions are well below the specified limiting values. (orig) [Deutsch] Die Mehrzahl der in Bayern installierten Anlagen mit Biomassefeuerung im Kapazitaetsbereich oberhalb 1 MW arbeiten als Heizwerke mit einem thermischen Wirkungsgrad von 0,6 bis 0,9. Die wenigen Heizkraftwerke nutzen den konventionellen Dampfkreislauf und erreichen damit elektrische Wirkungsgrade von 0.15 bis 0.2. Die ueberwiegend eingesetzten Feuerungstechniken sind die Rost- und die Unterschubfeuerungen. Bezueglich der Staub- und CO-Emissionen koennen die Grenzwerte heute problemlos eingehalten werden. (orig)

Energetic use of renewable fuels, especially in Bavaria; Energetische Nutzung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, speziell Holz, in Bayern

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reichel, A.; Lamp, P.; Funk, R. [Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Abt. Energieumwandlung und -speicherung, Garching (Germany)

1996-12-31

Most of Bavaria`s biomass-fuelled furnaces with capacities of more than 1 MW are heating stations with a thermal capacity of 0.6 to 0.9. The few heat-and-power stations among them use the conventional steam cycle and have electric capacities of 0.15 to 0.2. Most furnaces are grate furnaces and underfeed stoker furnaces. Dust and CO emissions are well below the specified limiting values. (orig) [Deutsch] Die Mehrzahl der in Bayern installierten Anlagen mit Biomassefeuerung im Kapazitaetsbereich oberhalb 1 MW arbeiten als Heizwerke mit einem thermischen Wirkungsgrad von 0,6 bis 0,9. Die wenigen Heizkraftwerke nutzen den konventionellen Dampfkreislauf und erreichen damit elektrische Wirkungsgrade von 0.15 bis 0.2. Die ueberwiegend eingesetzten Feuerungstechniken sind die Rost- und die Unterschubfeuerungen. Bezueglich der Staub- und CO-Emissionen koennen die Grenzwerte heute problemlos eingehalten werden. (orig)

Ecological improvements to hydroelectric power plants under EEG. Guidance to environmental verifiers and water rights authorities; Oekologische Verbesserungsmassnahmen an Wasserkraftanlagen gemaess EEG. Leitfaden fuer Umweltgutachter und Wasserrechtsbehoerden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyr, Christoph; Pfeifer, Hansjoerg [EVIT GmbH Ingenieurbuero Unternehmensberatung, Muenchen (Germany); Schnell, Johannes; Hanfland, Sebastian [Landesfischereiverband Bayern e.V., Muenchen (Germany)

2011-11-15

The use of hydropower as a renewable form of energy is experiencing a renaissance due to the energy transition in Bavaria. The fishery evaluate not uncritically this development, because hydroelectric plants generally normally represent a considerable intervention in water and therefore in the habitat of the fish. In this case it should be noted that just often not even the minimum requirements of ecology are fulfilled at existing plants according to the Federal Water Act. [German] Die Nutzung der Wasserkraft als regenerative Energieform erlebt aufgrund der Energiewende in Bayern derzeit eine Art Renaissance. Die Fischerei bewertet diese Entwicklung nicht unkritisch, stellen Wasserkraftanlagen in der Regel doch einen erheblichen Eingriff in Gewaesser und somit den Lebensraum der Fische dar. Dabei ist festzustellen, dass gerade an bestehenden Anlagen haeufig nicht einmal die Mindestanforderungen der Oekologie erfuellt werden, wie sie das Wasserhaushaltsgesetz vorschreibt.

Bus systems: Integrated facility management; Bus-Systeme: Gewerkeuebergreifende Gebaeudeautomation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumgarth, S.; Heiser, M. [Fachhochschule Braunschweig-Wolfenbuettel, Wolfenbuettel (Germany)

2000-03-01

Optimisation of facility management relies indispensably on uncomplicated interactive communication between different systems by different producers. An example is described: The system comprises two closed-cycle cooling towers, a cold water set and two different loads (ventilators). Each system can be controlled separately. The trend in automation is in the direction of intelligence even at field level. [German] Unverzichtbare Voraussetzung fuer das Ausschoepfen von Optimierungspotentialen in der Gebaeudeautomation ist die unkomplizierte, wechselseitige Kommunikation zwischen Anlagen und Automatisierungsstationen verschiedener Gewerke und Hersteller. Am Beispiel einer komplexen Anlage, die aus zwei Kuehltuermen mit geschlossenem Kreislauf, einem Kaltwasserersatz sowie unterschiedlichen Verbrauchern (Lueftungsanlagen) besteht, soll die Verknuepfung kaeltetechnischer Gewerke naeher dargestellt werden. Jeder der Teilbereiche ist ueber eine umfangreiche Strategie zu regeln und zu steuern. Dabei geht die Entwicklung in der Gebaeudeautomation hin zu einer Verlagerung der Intelligenz in die Feldebene. (orig./AKF)

Franco-German cooperation for the physical protection of the EPR reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jalouneix, J.; Hagemann, A.

2001-01-01

This article presents the proceeding that has been followed in the EPR (European pressurized water reactor) project concerning physical protection against malevolent actions and robbery of nuclear materials. Before the different options of the nuclear island were definitely set, a task group had been constituted to examine if these options could hamper the setting of physical protection measures that are required by the legislation of the 2 countries. Another group composed of experts from IPSN/GRS (Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire / Gesellschaft fur Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit) had the task to define common requirements concerning the physical protection of reactors in Germany and in France. In this framework the EPR project team has prepared a technical document reviewing the different dispositions that have been retained to assure the physical protection of the reactor. (A.C.)

Burnout model of a grate-firing waste incinerator for complete simulation of the combustion space; Abbrandmodell einer Muellrostfeuerung fuer eine vollstaendige Feuerraumsimulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruell, F; Kremer, H; Wirtz, S [Bochum Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl Energieanlagentechnik

1998-09-01

In the past few decades, grate firing has become an established technology for incineration of residual waste and other materials of the domestic waste type. Process control is difficult because of the heterogeneous nature of the waste which is also subject to seasonal and regional variations. In addition, the waste composition may change significantly as a result of recycling as required by new laws. (orig.) [Deutsch] In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die Rostfeuerung fuer die thermische Entsorgung von Restmuell und hausmuellaehnlichem Gewerbemuell bewaehrt. Die Prozessfuehrung bzw. die Feuerfuehrung solcher Anlagen wird insbesondere durch die starke Heterogenitaet des Muells erschwert, der zusaetzlich jahreszeitlichen und regionalen Schwankungen unterliegt. Zudem kann es in der Zusammensetzung der einzelnen Abfallarten durch die Entnahme von Wertstoffen infolge der Umsetzung von gesetzlichen Vorschriften und Gesetzen - wie Abfallgesetz und Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz - zu signifikanten Verschiebungen kommen. (orig.)

The scientific publications of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre in the year 1974

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1975-04-01

Report KFK 2125 contains all the titles of those publications which were printed in 1974. Lectures are included then when the written version is available in the Central Library. Concerning patents, only those specified in a certain way (Ersterteilung, Auslegeschrift, Offenlegungsschrift) are listed. The list of publications is arranged according to institutes. Under the heading 'Projekt' there are only project reports and publications of project staff members. The list also includes those publications printed in the Kernforschungszentrum concerned with the research and development projects' Prozesslenkung mit DV-Anlagen (PDV)' und 'Rechnerunterstuetztes Entwickeln und Konstruieren (CAD)' which are carried out by the Gesellschaft fuer Kernforschung in cooperation with other firms and organizations. In addition, the publications of the Institut fuer Strahlentechnologie der Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Lebensmittelfrischhaltung, situated on the premises of the Kernforschungszentrum, are given. (orig./HK) [de

Cryogenic infrastructure at BESSY II. Inventory and outlook; Kryogene Infrastruktur bei BESSY II. Bestand und Ausblick

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heling, Svenja; Anders, Wolfgang; Heinrich, Jochen; Hellwig, Axel; Janke, Karsten; Molder, Benjamin; Rotterdam, Stefan [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin (Germany)

2017-07-01

The Helmholtz Centre Berlin operates the BESSY II electron storage ring at the Adlershof site. A helium condenser is installed to supply the superconducting wavelength shifter installed in the storage ring with liquid helium. Another liquefier, including a comprehensive cryogenic infrastructure, supplies helium at 1.8 K to several test stands, especially for superconducting cavity resonators. In addition to the operation of the existing plants, a new type of accelerator is currently being set up as part of the bERLinPro project. In order to ensure the required supply of liquid helium, one of the existing helium condensers will be relocated and the plant will be extended by a 10,000 l dewar, three valve boxes, a cold compressor box, a warm pumping station and an 80 K helium system. In addition, the future project BESSY VSR, a further development of the BESSY II storage ring, will see the procurement of a third refrigeration system. A challenge here will be the year-round continuous operation. This paper explains the structure of the plants described above in more detail and provides an insight into the challenges of plant design. Finally, the planned future expansions will be outlined. [German] Das Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin betreibt am Standort Adlershof u.a. den Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II. Fuer die Versorgung der im Speicherring installierten supraleitenden Wellenlaengenschieber mit Fluessighelium ist ein Heliumverfluessiger installiert. Ein weiterer Verfluessiger, inklusive umfassender kryogener Infrastruktur, versorgt mehrere Teststaende, vor allem fuer supraleitende Hohlraumresonatoren, mit Helium bei 1,8 K. Neben dem Betrieb der existierenden Anlagen wird derzeit ein neuartiger Beschleunigertyp im Rahmen des Pro-jektes bERLinPro aufgebaut. Um die benoetigte Versorgung mit Fluessighelium zu gewaehrleisten, wird einer der bestehenden Heliumverfluessiger umgezogen sowie die Anlage um u.a. einen 10.000 l Dewar, drei Ventilboxen, eine Kaltkompressorbox, einen

Integration of refrigerators into facility automation with the aid of bus systems; Integration der Kaeltetechnik in die Gebaeudeautomation mit Bus-Systemen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumgarth, S.; Heiser, M. [Fachhochschule Braunschweig-Wolfenbuettel, Wolfenbuettel (DE). Inst. fuer Verbrennungstechnik und Prozessautomation (IVP)

2000-07-01

The integration of refrigeration systems in building automation is illustrated by the example of a ventilation system and a cooling ceiling. Cold is supplied by a coldwater unit. This necessitates supply of consumption data to the central refrigeration system. So far, technical facilities are commonly controlled by DDC systems and in-house bus systems. The demand for open communication between different systems resulted in the development of neutral systems like FND and Profibus, which were followed by a multitude of other, less generally accepted systems. In the field of electrical installations, the European Installation Bus EIB was generally accepted as a certified, open bus system which can be combined with DDC technology and integrated in in-house control systems. Another technology developed in the USA is the Local Operating Network, LON, whic has a hither transmission rate and higher information content for the various bus members. The contribution compares the two bus systems. [German] Die Einbindung der Kaeltetechnik in die Gebaeudeautomation wird an den Beispielen Lueftungsanlage und Kuehldecke vorgestellt. Die erforderliche Kaelte soll durch einen Kaltwasserersatz energieoptimiert bereitgestellt werden. Dazu muessen Informationen aus dem Verbraucherbereich in der Kaeltezentrale zur Verfuegung stehen. RTL-Anlagen wurden bisher mittels DDC-Technik und firmenspezifischen Bus-Systemen geregelt und gesteuert. Wenn verschiedene Anlagen durch DDC-Systeme unterschiedlicher Hersteller betrieben wurden, so war anfaenglich eine gemeinsame Ueberwachung auf einer zentralen Leitwarte nur ueber Gateways moeglich. Aus der Forderung nach offener Kommunikation unterschiedlicher Systeme entstanden die ersten firmenneutralen Entwicklungen FND und Profibus. Es folgten eine Vielzahl weiterer Netz- und Busdefinitionen und deren Kommunikationsprotokolle, denen jedoch weitgehend eine allgemeine Anerkennung versagt blieb. Im Bereich der Elektroinstallation profilierte sich der

Development of vertical drilling apparatus (Terra-Drill); Entwicklung eines Vertikal-Bohrgeraets (Terra-Drill) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jenne, D.

2009-05-15

This well-illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the development of a vertical drilling apparatus named Terra-Drill. The various stages of the development of the apparatus, which is based on earlier designs, is discussed. New norms issued in Germany for the size of boreholes for buried vertical heat-exchangers and the appropriate linings to be used are discussed. The new Terra Drill 4407 V drilling apparatus and its testing are discussed. The drill is quoted as being particularly suitable for cramped locations. Technical details are presented and a comprehensive collection of photographs is included. Various preliminary reports and development documentation are included.

Stable amorphous semiconductors for solar cells. Final report; Stabile amorphe Halbleiterfilme fuer Solarzellen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuhs, W.; Lips, K.; Mell, H.; Stachowitz, R.; Will, S.; Ulber, I.

1997-12-31

This study was founded on the preceding projects. The main objective was the preparation and characterization of stable amorphous silicon films (a-Si:H) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). For this purpose the deposition conditions were varied in a wide range. The main effort was on the change of the reactor geometry and the increase of the substrate temperature to values beyond 250 C. Comparative studies of the film stability were carried out using different degradation techniques. The electronic and structural properties of the films were investigated with the aim to find correlations between the stability and other film properties. Information on the defect density was obtained from electron spin resonance (ESR), photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and photocurrent spectroscopy (CPM). The influence of native and light-induced defects on the recombination kinetics was studied using both films and solar cells. The techniques mainly used for that were steady-state and frequency-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (FRS) and electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). The results of these studies were published in international journals and presented at international conferences. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Vorhaben baute auf den vorangegangenen Projekten auf. Wichtigstes Ziel war die Herstellung und Charakterisierung stabiler amorpher Siliziumfilme (a-Si:H) durch Plasmadeposition. Dazu wurden die Depositionsbedingungen in einem weiten Bereich variiert. Im Vordergrund standen dabei die Aenderung der Reaktorgeometrie und die Erhoehung der Substrattemperatur auf Werte oberhalb von 250 C. Die Stabilitaet der Filme wurde mit verschiedenen Degradationsverfahren vergleichend geprueft. Die Filme wurden hinsichtlich ihrer elektronischen und strukturellen Eigenschaften mit dem Ziel untersucht, einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Stabilitaet und anderen Probeneigenschaften aufzufinden. Als Messverfahren fuer die Defektdichte standen Elektronenspinresonanz (ESR), photothermische Deflektionsspektroskopie (PDS) und Photoleitungsspektroskopie (CPM) zur Verfuegung. Die Rolle der vorhandenen und zusaetzlich erzeugten Defekte auf den Rekombinationsmechanismus wurde an Filmen und Solarzellenstrukturen untersucht. Dazu wurden vor allem Photolumineszenz, frequenzaufgeloeste Photolumineszenzspektroskopie (FRS) und elektrisch detektierte magnetische Resonanz (EDMR) eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeiten wurden in internationalen Zeitschriften publiziert und auf internationalen Konferenzen vorgetragen. (orig.)

Experimental submarine with closed cycle diesel engine. Final report. Experimentaltauchboot mit Argon-Kreislaufdieselmotor. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haas, J.

1990-08-01

The Experimental Submarine SEAHORSE-KD is a fully operational autonomous test platform for an air independent propulsion system based on a closed cycle diesel engine. The Argon-Diesel known as MOTARK was a contribution from MAN Technologie AG, Munich, which also included process technology and control. Within the Argon cycle the exhaust gas is cooled down, cleaned from CO{sub 2} in a rotary scrubber and fed into the engine again after addition of oxygen. On surface, the engine can be operated on ambient air. During closed cycle operation, no media are exchanged with the ambient. The process works independently from the depth. Bruker Meerestechnik GmbH had to define the complete vehicle, developed and integrated the subsystems such as the LOX-system, the chemical and condensate plant, the fuel system, the propulsion and the electric system, etc. and carried out extensive workshop tests, shallow water and sea trials. The reliable functioning of the CCD-plant and of the complete Experimental Submarine could be convincingly demonstrated. A certificate has been issued by the Germanischer Lloyd. (orig.) With 90 refs., 15 figs.

Automobile with fuel cell and supercapacitor drive; Personenwagen mit Brennstoffzellen und Supercap-Antrieb - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dietrich, Ph.

2002-12-15

In a Volkswagen BORA a power train has been realized, which includes a fuel cell system consisting of 6 stacks of 8 kW electrical power output each, an electrical storage device made of 282 supercap cells storing 360 Wh of electrical energy, a DC/DC converter and an electric motor which delivers up to 75 kW. The power distribution between supercaps and fuel cell is managed by an energy management device, which optimizes the distribution taking the actual operation points into account. The fuel cell system operates in a wide range with an efficiency higher than 40%. The power train has been integrated in a five seat car. This car named HY.POWER{sup R}, realized as technology platform, drove over the Simplon pass (elevation 2000 m over sea level) on 16 January 2002. This test drive proved the maturity of this concept to drive using this technology on public roads and that also severe operating conditions can be handled successfully. The key aspects of that concepts are the new manufacturing process of the bipolar plates for the fuel cells, the system configuration of the fuel cell system and the enhanced energy density of the supercap cells. The combination of a fuel cell system and of a supercap storage device, together with the integration of the DC/DC converter lead to a new power train concept. The consumption in the NEDC is equal to the energy of 5-6 l gasoline, which is quite impressive if it is remembered that the car has an empty mass of nearly 2000 kg. The HY.POWER{sup R} has been used heavily for the communication of the new technology to the public. The first event was the test drive across the Simplon pass. The main other events was the international auto motor show in Geneva in March 2002 and the presentation of the vehicle at the Earth Summit in Johannesburg in September 2002. (author)

Hydro-power installation on the Prascherbach, Nufenen, Switzerland; Wasserkraftwerk Prascherbach, Nufenen. Programm Kleinwasserkraftwerke - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marugg, R.

2008-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes project variants for the replacement of an 80-year old hydro-power plant in Nufenen, Switzerland. Details on the new power station, which is to produce 300 kilowatts of electrical power using a height difference of 340 metres is to provide 1.3 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year. The report reviews the history of the project, which goes back to the 1990s and describes the project approved in 1999 as well as the updates made afterwards. The financial aspects of the project and remuneration for the power generated are examined. Environmental issues connected with the project are also discussed. The proposed course of events involved in taking further steps toward the realisation of the installation are discussed. An appendix includes copies of the various documents pertaining to cost estimation, water quantities, environmental protection and the granting of building permission.

Feed-in prognoses for renewable forms of energy; Einspeiseprognosen fuer neue erneuerbare Energien - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dierer, S.; Remund, J.; Cattin, R. [METEOTEST, Berne (Switzerland); Koller, T.; Strasser, P. [enersis suisse, Berne (Switzerland)

2010-02-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) aims at determining the potential of improved feed-in forecasts for new renewable energies (NRE) in Switzerland. The characteristics of the Swiss energy market are considered. Benefits of and potential for improvement are identified and recommendations for additional measures to be taken are given. The authors note that at present the forecast systems for wind energy are quite sophisticated, while there is room for improvement for solar energy and micro hydro unit forecasts. Ways of improving the forecasts are discussed. The business case developed within the framework of this project is to be completed and quantified as soon as data for 2009 is provided by the regulatory body 'swissgrid' and the balance group for renewable energies. The report is completed with recommendations for further work.

Energy-Pile installation in Grabs, Switzerland; EPF-Anlage - Erweiterung Dividella AG, Grabs. Energiepfahlanlage - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morath, M.

2005-07-01

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project that measured the performance of the energy-pile installation in Grabs, Switzerland. The piles used to support a factory and office building are used as heat exchangers to provide heating and cooling for the manufacturing facility. The report presents measurements collected over a two year period that show that the concept chosen works well. The performance of the system is commented on and figures are quoted for coefficients of performance of the system and the amounts of energy transferred to and from the ground below the facility. The economic performance of the system is also commented on. Schematics of the installation are included and data is presented in graphical form.

Energy aspects of city districts and rural townships; Energieaspekte staedtischer und laendlicher Siedlungen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ott, W.; Arend, M.; Philippen, D. [Econcept AG, Zuerich (Switzerland); Gilgen, K.; Beaujean, K. [Hochschule fuer Technik Rapperswil, Institut fuer Raumentwicklung, Rapperswil (Switzerland); Schneider, S. [Planungsbuero Jud AG, Zuerich (Switzerland)

2008-01-15

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project concerning the energy consumption of various residential districts in cities and in rural townships. The analysis examines the consumption of primary energy by residential buildings, their supply and disposal infrastructures and that of traffic induced by settlements. Also, grey energy: consumption for the construction, renovation and demolition of buildings and infrastructures as well as the consumption of primary energy for the production and disposal of individual motor vehicle traffic and public transport is reviewed. Four Swiss case studies are dealt with including largely homogenous residential districts in Effretikon, Oetwil am See, Uster and the City of Zurich. The results of the analyses made are presented in graphical form. The authors quote the great potential for the reduction of the consumption of settlement-dependent primary energy that lies in the fields of energy-efficiency of buildings, mobility and power consumption. The report is rounded off with a comprehensive appendix.

Scout house in Koeniz - Refurbishment of the heating system; Pfadiheim Weiermatt, Sanierung Waermeversorgung - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Messerli, A. [Neuenschwander - Neutair AG, Berne (Switzerland); Jenni, H. [Heimverein Falkenstein, Koeniz (Switzerland)

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project carried out in Koeniz, Switzerland. The report examines how the energy situation at the local scout house was improved. The work included the refurbishment of the heating system using solar collectors, intelligently controlled heat pumps, a photovoltaics installation and even solar-powered street lighting. The project, which received a substantial echo from the general public, is described. The scouts were directly involved in the project and, in part, in the construction work. This, according to the authors, enhanced the educational aspect of the project. The report presents details on the various installations and is illustrated with schematics and photos. Also, the results of monitoring and measurements made are presented.

Possible emissions from electricity generation from geothermal energy; Moegliche Emissionen bei der Stromerzeugung aus Geothermie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heberle, Florian; Bruggemann, Dieter [Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Thermodynamik und Transportprozesse (LTTT)

2013-03-15

Electricity from geothermal energy in the low temperature range can be efficiently recovered if power plant processes are used with organic working fluids. It is inevitable that a small part of the sometimes harmful fluids leaking from the plant - a conflict in the development of climate-friendly renewable energy actually. A short report of the Centre for Energy Technology at the University of Bayreuth, on behalf of UBA quantifies the emissions of fluorinated hydrocarbons for different development scenarios and emission rates. [German] Strom aus Erdwaerme im Niedertemperaturbereich kann effizient gewonnen werden, wenn Kraftwerksprozesse mit organischen Arbeitsmedien einsetzt werden. Dabei ist es nicht zu vermeiden, dass ein kleiner Teil der mitunter klimaschaedlichen Fluide, aus den Anlagen entweicht - ein Zielkonflikt beim Ausbau der eigentlich klimaschonenden erneuerbaren Energie. Ein Kurzgutachten des Zentrums fuer Energietechnik der Universitaet Bayreuth im Auftrag des UBA quantifiziert die Emissionen fluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe fuer verschiedene Ausbauszenarien und Emissionsraten.

Threshold limit values, test values and sanitation values for soil sanitation; Richt-, Pruef- und Sanierungswerte fuer den Bodenschutz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlaganis, G.; Dettwiler, J. [Bundesamt fuer Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Bern (Switzerland). Abt. Stoffe, Boden, Biotechnologie

1998-09-01

Soils, the basis for human, plant and animal life, are exposed to quantitative and qualitative deterioration. Quantitative deterioration refers to paving of ground but also to erosion and soil destruction. There are new regulations for physical protection of soil which refer to soil erosion, compacting and handling of soil during building construction. (orig.) [Deutsch] Boden als natuerliche Lebensgrundlage fuer Mensch, Tiere und Pflanzen ist quantitativen und qualitativen Beeintraechtigungen ausgesetzt. Als quantitative Beeintraechtigung gilt jede Art von Verminderungen der Boeden durch Bauten und Anlagen, aber auch durch Erosion oder Bodenschwund. Erlassen worden sind nun neue Bestimmungen fuer drei Bereiche des physikalischen Bodenschutzes, naemlich fuer die Bodenerosion, die Bodenverdichtung und fuer den Umgang mit dem Boden vor allem beim Bauen. Die Verordnung vom 1. Juli 1998 ueber Belastungen des Bodens (VBBo`98) erhaelt neu drei Arten von Beurteilungs- bzw. Massnahmewerten, naemlich Richtwerte, Sanierungswerte und Pruefwerte. (orig./ABI)

Solar charge regulator and operation management for PV island systems with modern memory-programmable control (SPS); Solarladeregler und Betriebsmanagement fuer PV-Inselsysteme mit moderner Speicherprogrammierbarer Steuerung (SPS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dohlen, K. v.; Nussberger, B. [ENNOS Gesellschaft fuer Innovative Energiesysteme mbH, Freiburg (Germany)

1998-12-01

Modern memory programmable controls (SPS) are good value for money, powerful and have such a low power consumption that they are suitable for control and regulation purposes in PV island systems. The development of the solar charge regulators and operation management on the basis of an SPS shown in the article was carried out with the super-imposed target of increasing the use of proven standard industrial products in their construction and simplifying their operation and raising their reliability. [Deutsch] Moderne Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen (SPS) sind preiswert, leistungsfaehig und besitzen inzwischen eine so niedrige Leistungsaufnahme, dass sie zu Steuer- und Regelzwecken in PV-Inselsystemen geeignet sind. Die Entwicklung des im Beitrag vorgestellten Solarladereglers und Betriebsmanagement auf der Basis einer SPS stand unter der uebergeordneten Zielsetzung, PV-Anlagen durch den Einsatz von bewaehrten Standard-Industrieprodukten in ihrem Aufbau und der Bedienung zu vereinfachen und in ihrer Zuverlaessigkeit zu steigern. (orig.)

2008 GRS specialized forum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butz, H.P.

2008-01-01

After the successful trial run in 2007, the 2008 GRS Specialized Forum held at the Cologne Wolkenburg on April 7 and 8, 2008 was a full success. GRS, Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit, plans to resume in this way its GRS specialized lectures series with a tradition of many years. Approximately 180 participants from public authorities, licensees, the nuclear industry, research and engineering establishments as well as universities showed their interest in current GRS activities. On 2 days, only GRS experts presented fundamental and GRS-specific approaches in scientific analysis, new research findings, and possibilities of advancing scientific methods under the four headings of Reactor Safety Research and Evaluation, Topical Subjects of Reactor Safety, Radiation Protection Activities, and Repository Safety and Environmental Research. The discussions held after each presentation offered a number of critical, but valuable and welcome, contributions from the different perspectives of the discussants. (orig.)

3D laser scanning in plant and pipeline engineering; 3D-Laserscanning im Anlagen- und Rohrleitungsbau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weber, T. [Kaeser und Reiner, Ingenieurbuero fuer Vermessung und Geoinformation, Fellbach (Germany)

2006-05-15

3D laser scanning has been in use for a number of years now in the fields of surveying, building and factory planning. Laser scanning can, however, provide a highly supportive and helpful tool for the plant and piping designer, too. The benefits of this technology are relevant wherever the geometry of existing systems and subsystems needs to be registered and recorded. This may be the case in planning changes (basic and detail engineering), collision checks, documentation, plant relocations and visual?display projects. (orig.)

Acceptability analysis of technical-scale plants for electricity generation; Ansatz zur Akzeptabilitaetsanalyse grosstechnischer Anlagen zur Stromerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schubert, Katharina; Koch, Marco K. [Bochum Univ. (Germany). AG Reaktorsimulation und -sicherheit

2013-03-15

Public acceptance of technical-scale plants for electricity generation is an indispensable prerequisite for the long-term continuity of supply of electricity. Even though nuclear power in Germany continues to meet with particularly grave objections, this is no longer an exception. Problems associated with the rapidly declining willingness of the public to accept specific disadvantages connected with electricity generation are confronting not only nuclear, but also large fossil-fired and renewable-resource power plants. To investigate to what extent these objections based on subjective heuristics are justified, a model is developed for analyzing the objective acceptability of electricity-producing large power plants, which allows the assessment of their acceptability to be measured on the basis of quantitative analysis of the discrepancies between acceptability and acceptance and may serve as a tool for promoting public acceptance. (orig.)

Licensing and supervision of nuclear facilities in Finland; Genehmigung und Aufsicht von nuklearen Anlagen in Finnland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laaksonen, J. [STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki (Finland)

2006-01-01

In Finland, the licensing process of all nuclear facilities is specified in the Nuclear Energy Act. The licensing procedure comprises three steps, each of which requires a decision by the government: basic decision, construction permit, and operating license. All licensing decisions are taken upon application to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The Ministry invites comments and opinions on a broad basis and drafts a statement for the government. The basic decision by the government is political, pre-supposing a positive statement by the Central Office for Nuclear Safety (STUK) and a positive decision by the local government of the planned plant location. The construction permit and the operating license are mainly based on points of nuclear safety. STUK is the independent nuclear supervisory agency with administrative powers; its staff has the technical and scientific competence required for safety assessments and for supervision. STUK operates under the supervision of the Ministry for Social Affairs and Health which, to demonstrate its independence, has no duties in the energy sector and, in addition, supervises STUK in administrative matters, not in scientific and technical decisions. Internal rules of STUK ensure neutrality also of its staff in matters of energy policy. The activities of STUK as a supervisory and licensing authority in Finland are described in detail for the management of spent nuclear fuel and the new Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plant currently under construction. (orig.)

Licensing and supervision of nuclear facilities in Finland; Genehmigung und Aufsicht von nuklearen Anlagen in Finnland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laaksonen, J. [Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK), Helsinki (Finland)

2005-07-01

STUK is the independent nuclear supervisory agency in Finland with administrative powers; its staff has the technical and scientific competence required for safety assessments and for supervision. STUK operates under the supervision of the Ministry for Social Affairs and Health which, to demonstrate its independence, has no duties in the energy sector and, in addition, supervises STUK in administrative matters, not in scientific and technical decisions. Internal rules of STUK ensure neutrality also of its staff in matters of energy policy. The activities of STUK as a supervisory and licensing authority in Finland are described in detail for the management of spent nuclear fuel and the new Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plant currently under construction. (orig./GL)

A reactor vessel and its internals disassembled and packaged

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eisenmann, B.; Prechtl, E.; Suessdorf, W.

2008-01-01

2007 was a successful year for the Disassembly Unit of the Karlsruhe Research Center: dismantling the highly activated Karlsruhe Multipurpose Research Reactor (MZFR) was completed successfully and without any incident. A vote of thanks is expressed at this point to all staff members, participating industries and institutions for their extraordinary commitment and their outstanding innovation and work. Preserving and advancing existing knowledge is one of the important pillars securing a sustainable future for generations to come in Germany. Securing and advancing know-how in nuclear technology was defined as a major duty last in late January 2008 by Dr. Peter Fritz, Chairman of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG) and member of the Executive Board of the Karlsruhe Research Center, for instance, in cooperation between the KERNTECHNIK (i.e. nuclear technology) Southwestern Research and Teaching Association and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The borders of Germany do not constitute a natural radiological barrier, despite the efforts by political groups in this country to convey this impression. This report therefore is to document that the demolition of a nuclear reactor with a high radioactivity inventory can be managed safely. In the light of the experience accumulated with the MZFR, this is feasible only if demolition is carried out immediately instead of the 'problem' of disassembly and conditioning being shifted to future generations. The article is also meant to be a piece of advice by showing the unplannable difficulties which came up, and the technical solutions implemented by the competence team successfully and efficiently. (orig.)

Annual conference on nuclear technology. Nuclear power 2001: option for the future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2001-01-01

The Dresden Palace for Culture was the venue of the ANNUAL MEETING ON NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY on May 15-17, 2001, the first to be held in Dresden and the first also to be held in one of the new German federal states. Although no nuclear plant is in operation in East Germany after the Greifswald Nuclear Power Station was decommissioned, nuclear technology continues to play an important role especially in research and university teaching in this part of Germany. The organizers of the conference, Deutsches Atomforum e.V. (DAtF) and Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG), welcomed more than 1000 participants from nineteen countries. The three-day program, with its traditional, proven structure, featured plenary sessions on the first day, and specialized sessions, technical sessions, poster sessions, and other events on the following days. The partner country at the Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology was Russia, with a session specially devoted to selected topics of the country. The conference was accompanied by a technical exhibition with company meeting points of vendors, suppliers, and service industries. A video film forum was arranged for the interested public which featured contributions about nuclear research, nuclear power plant operation, transport and storage as well as decommissioning. Another major event was a workshop on 'Preserving Competence in Nuclear Technology'. The plenary day is described in this summary report, while the results of the technical sessions as seen by the rapporteurs are printed elsewhere in this issue of atw 8/9, 2001. (orig.) [de

42

CERN Document Server

Lehr, Thomas

2005-01-01

Nicht weit von Genf, der Stadt der Atomphysiker, Diplomaten und Uhrmacher, liegen die unterirdischen Anlagen des Kernforschungszentrums CERN. Als an einem sonnigen Augusttag eine Besuchergruppe wieder ans Tageslicht tritt, ist die gesamte Genfer Region, ja ganz Europa in einen Dornröschenschlaf gefallen. Die Besucher bewegen sich wie in einer "Fotografie der Welt". Steht die Zeit still? Was ist geschehen? Hat der Teilchenbeschleuniger eine Zeitkatastrophe verursacht? Die 70 "Chronifizierten" müssen mit einer traumatischen Situation von Einsamkeit, Macht und Ohnmacht zurechtkommen, Theorien entwickeln und Strategien des Zusammenlebens erproben. Obwohl für sie die persönliche Zeit weiterläuft, in der sogar Kinder geboren werden, sind sie scheinbar in alle Ewigkeit gefangen in der 42. Sekunde um 12:47 dieses Sommertags - bis nach fünf Jahren aus wahrhaft heiterem Himmel die Weltzeit plötzlich für 3 kostbare Sekunden weitertickt. Aus ihrer Lethargie gerissen, sammelt sich die inzwischen durch Krankheiten ...

Progress report within the series of GRS-F progress reports on reactor safety, sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. Period: 1 January - 30 June 2003

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMWi, continuously issues information on the status of the investigations into the safety of nuclear power plants by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work and are published by the Research Management Division of GRS within the framework of general information on the progress in reactor safety research. The compilation of the reports is classified according to general topics related to reactor safety research. Further, use is made of the classification system ''Joint Safety Research Index'' of the CEC (commission of the european communities). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers. (orig.) [de

Future disposal of sewage sludge in Saxony; Zukuenftige Klaerschlammentsorgung im Freistaat Sachsen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kowalski, H.D, [Saechsisches Staatsministerium fuer Umwelt und Landesentwicklung, Dresden (Germany)

1995-11-01

Early in 1994, the Saxonian ministry of environment and regional development (SMU) commissioned an expertise with the preliminary title ``Concept for long-term strategies for sewage sludge disposal from municipal sewage treatment plants in Saxony``. The objective was to develop and evaluate scenarios and submit proposals for securing sewage sludge disposal in the long-term, making use of existing, planned or envisaged plants. The article presents some of the results of this expertise. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Das Saechsische Staatsministerium fuer Umwelt und Landesentwicklung (SMU) hat Anfang 1994 unter dem Arbeitstitel `Konzeption fuer die Langfriststrategie zur Klaerschlammentsorgung aus kommunalen Abwasserreinigungsanlagen im Freistaat Sachsen` die Ausarbeitung eines Gutachtens veranlasst. Die Zielstellung bestand darin, unter Nutzung vorhandener, bereits geplanter oder neu zu plandender Anlagen Szenarien zu entwickeln und zu bewerten und Vorschlaege fuer Massnahmen zu unterbreiten, welche es ermoeglichen, langfristig eine Entsorgungssicherheit des Klaerschlammes zu gewaehrleisten. Einige Ergebnisse aus diesem Gutachten sollen im Folgenden vorgestellt werden. (orig./SR)

Resurrecting embryos of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, to resolve vertebrate phallus evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanger, Thomas J; Gredler, Marissa L; Cohn, Martin J

2015-10-01

The breadth of anatomical and functional diversity among amniote external genitalia has led to uncertainty about the evolutionary origins of the phallus. In several lineages, including the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, adults lack an intromittent phallus, raising the possibility that the amniote ancestor lacked external genitalia and reproduced using cloacal apposition. Accordingly, a phallus may have evolved multiple times in amniotes. However, similarities in development across amniote external genitalia suggest that the phallus may have a single evolutionary origin. To resolve the evolutionary history of amniote genitalia, we performed three-dimensional reconstruction of Victorian era tuatara embryos to look for embryological evidence of external genital initiation. Despite the absence of an intromittent phallus in adult tuataras, our observations show that tuatara embryos develop genital anlagen. This illustrates that there is a conserved developmental stage of external genital development among all amniotes and suggests a single evolutionary origin of amniote external genitalia. © 2015 The Author(s).

The neural crest, a multifaceted structure of the vertebrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Dupin, Elisabeth; Le Douarin, Nicole M

2014-09-01

In this review, several features of the cells originating from the lateral borders of the primitive neural anlagen, the neural crest (NC) are considered. Among them, their multipotentiality, which together with their migratory properties, leads them to colonize the developing body and to participate in the development of many tissues and organs. The in vitro analysis of the developmental capacities of single NC cells (NCC) showed that they present several analogies with the hematopoietic cells whose differentiation involves the activity of stem cells endowed with different arrays of developmental potentialities. The permanence of such NC stem cells in the adult organism raises the problem of their role at that stage of life. The NC has appeared during evolution in the vertebrate phylum and is absent in their Protocordates ancestors. The major role of the NCC in the development of the vertebrate head points to a critical role for this structure in the remarkable diversification and radiation of this group of animals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evaluation of German and international operating experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stueck, Reinhard; Verstegen, Claus

2014-01-01

The systematic analysis of safety-relevant events in nuclear power plants and their causes is a key driver for the further development of nuclear safety. The findings obtained from the evaluation of operating experience in this respect form the basis for both technical and organisational improvements in the plants as well as for adaptations of technical rules and standards. In its role as Technical Safety Organisation advising the German federal government, Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) has been concerned with the detection and analysis of failure mechanisms that underlie events in nuclear power plants at home and abroad since its foundation in 1977. This article provides an overview of the different objectives which are pursued in this context by order of or funded by the Federal Environment Ministry. Here, the focus is on the evaluation of reportable events for the preparation of so-called Information Notices and generic reports as well as for the acquisition of data that can be used for in-depth probabilistic analyses.

The Management System of a TSO, the Example of GRS, Germany. Annex V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2018-01-01

The Integrated Management System of GRS (Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit gGmbH) as well as its quality policy and the principles are described in the Management Manual with the current version being certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 by TÜV Rheinland Cert (Germany) and in the Organization Manual of GRS. The Management Manual of Quality (QMM) comprises process descriptions, technical instructions, and standard documents. The Management Manual is accessible via the intranet of GRS. The QMM as well as other information and support services can be delivered upon request to the following email-address: scc@grs.de. The central GRS intranet website of the Integrated Management System gives all staff at GRS quick access to all internal management documents. Through the internal online news bulletin the staff of GRS is informed by the Key Quality Manager (KQM) about the release of new versions of the QMM which is structured according to the table of contents provided.

Literatur zu Gast im Globe

CERN Multimedia

2006-01-01

Der deutsche Schriftsteller Thomas LEHR liest am 23. März 2006 aus seinem Roman '42', einem philosophischen Abenteuerroman über die Suche nach der Zeit, erzählt in einer funkelnden und souveränen Sprache. Eine Welt von vernichtender Schönheit und bizarren Schrecken wartet auf eine Besuchergruppe, die in der Nähe von Genf die unterirdischen Anlagen des Forschungszentrums für Teilchenphysik CERN besichtigt. Als sie um 12:47:42 wieder ans Tageslicht tritt, scheint ganz Europa in einen Dornröschenschlaf gefallen. Allein die 70 Besucher können sich noch bewegen. Monate und Jahre verharrt die Welt wie in einer riesigen dreidimensionalen Fotografie, bis ein wiederum schockierendes Ereignis die 'Chronifizierten' aus ihren physikalischen Spekulationen und seltsamen Lebensformen reisst. Zu dieser literarischen Veranstaltung im 'Globe of Science and Innovation' laden gemeinsam das Generalkonsulat der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Genf und CERN ein. Vor Beginn der Lesung wird eine Führung in deutscher Sprac...

48{sup th} Annual meeting on nuclear technology (AMNT 2017). Key topic / Enhanced safety and operation excellence. Focus session: Uncertainty analyses in reactor core simulations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zwermann, Winfried [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Garching (Germany). Forschungszentrum

2017-12-15

The supplementation of reactor simulations by uncertainty analyses is becoming increasingly important internationally due to the fact that the reliability of simulation calculations can be significantly increased by the quantification of uncertainties in comparison to the use of so-called conservative methods (BEPU- ''Best-Estimate plus Uncertainties''). While systematic uncertainty analyses for thermo-hydraulic calculations have been performed routinely for a long time, methods for taking into account uncertainties in nuclear data, which are the basis for neutron transport calculations, are under development. The Focus Session Uncertainty Analyses in Reactor Core Simulations was intended to provide an overview of international research and development with respect to supplementing reactor core simulations with uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, in research institutes as well as within the nuclear industry. The presented analyses not only focused on light water reactors, but also on advanced reactor systems. Particular emphasis was put on international benchmarks in the field. The session was chaired by Winfried Zwermann (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit).

Progress report within the series of GRS-F progress reports on reactor safety, sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. Period: 1 July - 31 December 2003

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-01-01

The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMWi, continuously issues information on the status of the investigations into the safety of nuclear power plants by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work and are published by the Research Management Division of GRS within the framework of general information on the progress in reactor safety research. The compilation of the reports is classified according to general topics related to reactor safety research. Further, use is made of the classification system ''Joint Safety Research Index'' of the CEC (commission of the european communities). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers. (orig.) [de

Strain-induced cracking corrosion in pipelines of conventional power plants; Dehnungsinduzierte Risskorrosion in Rohrsystemen von konventionellen Kraftwerksanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adamsky, F.J.; Kempkes, B. [PreussenElektra Engineering GmbH, Gelsenkirchen (Germany); Ernst, J. [RWE Energie AG, Essen (Germany)

2000-07-01

Since the mid-sixties, stress corrosion cracking has been reported in highly loaded components of conventional power plants. Damage investigations were followed by extensive fundamental studies on crack initiation and propagation mechanisms, with particular regard to the water quality. The contribution presents causes, patterns, preferred sites and operating conditions of strain-induced corrosion. [German] Seit Anfang der 60er-Jahre wird ueber Risskorrosionsschaeden im wasserberuehrten Teil konventioneller Kraftwerksanlagen berichtet, die stets an hochbeanspruchten Bereichen festzustellen sind - vorwiegend in unrunden Rohrbogen oder Fallrohrbohrungen von Kesseltrommeln. Den Schadensuntersuchungen schlossen sich umfangreiche Grundsatzuntersuchungen an, um den Mechanismus von Rissbildung und Rissfortschritt kennenzulernen und daraus dann Abhilfemassnahmen abzuleiten. Bei schadhaften Rohrboegen stellte man in den Rissbereichen meist hoehere Unrundheiten fest und bei Kesseltrommeln Spannungsspitzen an den Lochraendern. Der Wasserqualitaet, vornehmlich dem O{sub 2}-Gehalt, der Art der Konservierung bei Stillstaenden und insbesondere haeufigeren Anfahrten bei kleineren und aelteren Anlagen wurde besondere Bedeutung beigemessen. Im Beitrag werden Ursachen, Erscheinungsformen, bevorzugte Bereiche und Betriebszustaende der dehnungsinduzierten Korrosion dargestellt. (orig.)

Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yu; Melzer, Roland R.; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Hörnig, Marie K.; He, Yu-yang; Hou, Xian-guang

2016-05-01

A three-dimensionally preserved 2-mm-long larva of the arthropod Leanchoilia illecebrosa from the 520-million-year-old early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China represents the first evidence, to our knowledge, of such an early developmental stage in a short-great-appendage (SGA) arthropod. The larva possesses a pair of three-fingered great appendages, a hypostome, and four pairs of well-developed biramous appendages. More posteriorly, a series of rudimentary limb Anlagen revealed by X-ray microcomputed tomography shows a gradient of decreasing differentiation toward the rear. This, and postembryonic segment addition at the putative growth zone, are features of late-stage metanauplii of eucrustaceans. L. illecebrosa and other SGA arthropods, however, are considered representative of early chelicerates or part of the stem lineage of all euarthropods. The larva of an early Cambrian SGA arthropod with a small number of anterior segments and their respective appendages suggests that posthatching segment addition occurred in the ancestor of Euarthropoda.

Sewage and sludge treatment process - additive and process-integrated measures. Vol. 1-3. Preprints; Verfahrenstechnik der Abwasser- und Schlammbehandlung - additive und prozessintegrierte Massnahmen. Bd. 1-3. Preprints

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

This fourth GVC congress again deals with all aspects of industrial and municipal waste water and sludge treatment; the spectrum ranges from unit operations and segmets of the process line over special treatments of problematic constituents, adapted solutions for measuring and control-technical problems to innovative overall concepts and the operating results of executed plants. Novel programme elements are process-integrated measures for water and waste water treatment aiming to minimize the consumption of the water resource and to recycle it. (orig.) [German] Auch dieser 4. GVC-Abwasser-Kongress behandelt die volle Breite der industriellen und kommunalen Abwasser- und Schlammbehandlung; das Spektrum reicht von den unit operations und Prozessstrecken, ueber die spezielle Behandlung von problematischen Inhaltstoffen, ueber adaptierte messtechnische und regelungstechnische Problemloesungen bis hin zu innovativen Gesamtkonzepten und den Betriebsergebnissen von ausgefuehrten Anlagen. Neu im Programm sind die produktionsintegrierten Massnahmen zur Wasser- und Abwasserbehandlung, die darauf abzielen, die Ressource Wasser zu minimieren und zu recyclieren. (orig.)

Monitoring of lead batteries by means of optical-fibre refractometry; Ueberwachung von Bleiakkumulatoren mittels Faseroptischer Refraktometrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gernhold, H P; Hanitsch, R

1994-12-31

Electricity storage is an integral part of photovoltaic systems. At the moment, the most economical device for this is the lead battery. Battery life is determined by the charging technique applied and by the efficiency of monitoring. The optimum charging technique is selected in dependence of battery age and charge state. The authors present a method for online charge state monitoring in which the acid concentration is measured by means of optical-fibre refractometry. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ein aeusserst wichtiger Teilbereich von Photovoltaik-Anlagen ist die Speicherung von elektrischer Energie. Diesen Zweck erfuellen Bleiakkumulatoren zur Zeit am wirtschaftlichsten. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sowohl die angewandte Ladetechnik als auch eine gute Batterieueberwachung entscheidend fuer die Lebensdauer dieser Systemkomponente sind. Die Wahl der optimalen Ladetechnik richtet sich wiederum nach dem Alter und dem Entladegrad der Batterie. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Methode vorzustellen, mit der die Saeuredichte mittels faseroptischer Refraktometrie gemessen und so der Ladezustand jeder einzelnen Batteriezelle zu jedem Zeitpunkt on-line ueberwacht werden kann. (orig.)

Composition and dosage of a multipartite enhancer cluster control developmental expression of Ihh (Indian hedgehog).

Science.gov (United States)

Will, Anja J; Cova, Giulia; Osterwalder, Marco; Chan, Wing-Lee; Wittler, Lars; Brieske, Norbert; Heinrich, Verena; de Villartay, Jean-Pierre; Vingron, Martin; Klopocki, Eva; Visel, Axel; Lupiáñez, Darío G; Mundlos, Stefan

2017-10-01

Copy number variations (CNVs) often include noncoding sequences and putative enhancers, but how these rearrangements induce disease is poorly understood. Here we investigate CNVs involving the regulatory landscape of IHH (encoding Indian hedgehog), which cause multiple, highly localized phenotypes including craniosynostosis and synpolydactyly. We show through transgenic reporter and genome-editing studies in mice that Ihh is regulated by a constellation of at least nine enhancers with individual tissue specificities in the digit anlagen, growth plates, skull sutures and fingertips. Consecutive deletions, resulting in growth defects of the skull and long bones, showed that these enhancers function in an additive manner. Duplications, in contrast, caused not only dose-dependent upregulation but also misexpression of Ihh, leading to abnormal phalanges, fusion of sutures and syndactyly. Thus, precise spatiotemporal control of developmental gene expression is achieved by complex multipartite enhancer ensembles. Alterations in the composition of such clusters can result in gene misexpression and disease.

Silicon carbide, a ceramic material for the pump technology?; Siliciumcarbid - eine Keramik fuer die Pumpentechnologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vitzthum, E. [CeramTec AG, Lauf (Germany). Marketing und Customer Service

2000-12-01

Pumping of gases and liquids makes extreme demands on sliding bearings and their seals, especially if the material to be pumped is corrosive or contains abrasive constituents. Wear and corrosion are important economic factors. They shorten the life of machines and systems and cause standstill times and repair cost. All this decides the profitability of pumps and the competitive strength of products. In view of all this, it becomes clear why optimal materials selection is a crucial points in pumps and pumping systems. [German] Beim Foerdern von Gasen und Fluessigkeiten werden extrem hohe Anforderungen an Gleitlager und Gleitringdichtungen in Pumpen gestellt, die im direkten Kontakt mit dem zu foerdernden Medium sind, besonders dann, wenn das Medium korrosiv ist oder abrasive Bestandteile enthaelt. Verschleiss und Korrosion sind wesentliche Wirtschaftsfaktoren. Sie bestimmen die Standzeit von Maschinen und Anlagen, verursachen Betriebsstillstandszeiten und Reparaturkosten. Diese entscheiden ueber die Rentabilitaet von Prozessen und die Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit von Produkten, was eine optimale Auswahl des Werkstoffs auch in Pumpen und Pumpenanlagen unerlaesslich macht. (orig.)

The endoskeletal origin of the turtle carapace

Science.gov (United States)

Hirasawa, Tatsuya; Nagashima, Hiroshi; Kuratani, Shigeru

2013-01-01

The turtle body plan, with its solid shell, deviates radically from those of other tetrapods. The dorsal part of the turtle shell, or the carapace, consists mainly of costal and neural bony plates, which are continuous with the underlying thoracic ribs and vertebrae, respectively. Because of their superficial position, the evolutionary origins of these costo-neural elements have long remained elusive. Here we show, through comparative morphological and embryological analyses, that the major part of the carapace is derived purely from endoskeletal ribs. We examine turtle embryos and find that the costal and neural plates develop not within the dermis, but within deeper connective tissue where the rib and intercostal muscle anlagen develop. We also examine the fossils of an outgroup of turtles to confirm that the structure equivalent to the turtle carapace developed independently of the true osteoderm. Our results highlight the hitherto unravelled evolutionary course of the turtle shell. PMID:23836118

Energy indicators; Energiekennzahlen in der Industrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mauch, W. [Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany); Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft (FfE), Muenchen (Germany); Layer, G. [Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft (FfE), Muenchen (Germany); Schneider, J. [Ogreb-Institut fuer Kraftwerke, Cottbus (Germany). Abt. Prozessforschung und Energetik; Ministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz, Energie und Reaktorsicherheit, Berlin (Germany); Bundeswirtschaftsministerium, Bonn (Germany). Energieabteilung

2004-07-01

Indicators of the energy requirements of industrial plants, production processes and products provide criteria for evaluating resource consumption, emissions and saving potential. Energy indicators are used as base data for energy concepts and holistic energy balances in the framework of the exchange of information on best available techniques. The following contribution describes a methodology for the determination of energy indicators for industrial production plants. On this basis, it then analyses a number of example processes, i.e. manufacture of mineral chips and asphalt, provision of compressed air, and flue gas dedusting. (orig.) [German] Kennzahlen ueber den Energiebedarf von industriellen Anlagen, Herstellungsverfahren und Erzeugnissen liefern Kriterien zur Beurteilung des Ressourcenaufwands, der Emissionen und Einsparpotenziale. Als Basisdaten fuer Energiekonzepte und ganzheitliche Bilanzierungen eingesetzt dienen Energiekennzahlen dem Informationsaustausch ueber die besten verfuegbaren Techniken. Nachfolgend wird die methodische Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung von Kennzahlen fuer industrielle Produktionsanlagen beschrieben. Auf dieser Basis werden beispielhaft die Mineralsplitter- und Asphaltherstellung sowie die Druckluftbereitstellung und -entstaubung analysiert. (orig.)

Annual report on reactor safety research projects sponsored by the Ministry of Economics and Labour of the Federal Republic of Germany. Reporting period 2003. Progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMWi, continuously issues information on the status of the investigations into the safety of nuclear power plants by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work and are published by the Research Management Division of GRS within the framework of general information on the progress in reactor safety research. The compilation of the reports is classified according to general topics related to reactor safety research. Further, use is made of the classification system ''Joint Safety Research Index'' of the CEC (commission of the european communities). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers

Annual report on reactor safety research projects sponsored by the Ministry for Research and Technology of the Federal Republic of Germany. Reporting period 1993. Progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-10-01

The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMFT, informs continuously of the status of such investigations by means of semi-annual and annual publication of progress reports within the series GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about objectives, the work performed, the results, the next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the contractors themselves as a documentation of their progress in work and published by the Forschungsbetreuung at the GRS, (FB) (Research Coordination Department), within the framework of general information of progress in reactor safety research. The individual reports are classified according to the same classification system as applied in the nuclear index of the CEC (Commission of the European Communities) and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers. (orig./HP)

Economical valuation of standing-stability checks on light-poles; Wirtschaftliche Bewertung der Standsicherheitspruefung an Lichtmasten. Pruefungen wirtschaftlicher als Mastaustausch

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bathe, J.; Feige, S. [Hochschule (FH), Zittau/Goerlitz (Germany); Tempel, S. [Stadtwerke Zittau GmbH, Zittau (Germany)

2002-03-25

In order to minimise the possible liability due to negligence, it is necessary for companies that operate road-lights to care for their safety as well. One point of consideration therefore is testing for instability which, due to corrosion, increases specifically with age. This duty can be fulfilled, either by exchanging the poles regularly, or by checking their standing-stability and exchanging only those necessary. In the following article, the question is discussed under which circumstances standing stability tests are more economical than simply exchanging poles regularly. (orig.) [German] Betreiber von Strassenbeleuchtungen muessen fuer die Sicherheit der Anlagen sorgen, um eine Haftung wegen Fahrlaessigkeit auszuschliessen. Ein Aspekt dabei ist die Standsicherheit der Lichtmasten. Dieser Pflicht kann entweder durch einen regelmaessigen Austausch oder durch eine Standsicherheitspruefung aelterer Masten mit bedarfsgerechtem Austausch nicht mehr normgerechter Masten Rechnung getragen werden. Die Verfasser diskutieren, unter welchen Bedingungen Standsicherheitspruefungen wirtschaftlich vorteilhafter als ein regelmaessiger Mastaustausch sind. (orig.)

Tests on the stability of the displacement current in a cubic space; Untersuchungen zur Stabilitaet der Verdraengungsstroemung in einem Kubusraum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gores, I.; Fitzner, K. [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Hermann-Rietschel-Institut fuer Heizungs- und Klimatechnik

2000-07-01

Air current flow rates inside rooms have considerable effect on thermal comfort. Apart from the forced air currents of air conditioning systems, there are upward and downward currents near heat sources and heat sinks. If both types of air currents are superposed, the maximum air flow rate may increase, resulting in reduced thermal comfort. Greater internal loads in modern office buildings (e.g. call centres) lead one to expect increasing problems as air current flow rates get faster with increasing loads. [German] Die Luftgeschwindigkeiten in Innenraeumen haben einen wichtigen Einfluss auf die thermische Behaglichkeit. Neben den erzwungenen Luftstroemungen durch RLT-Anlagen beeinflussen insbesondere auch Auf- und Abtriebsstroemungen an Waermequellen bzw. -senken die Aufenthaltszone. Bei der Ueberlagerung der beiden Stroemungen kann es zu einer Verstaerkung der maximalen Luftgeschwindigkeit kommen, die zu Unbehaglichkeit fuehrt. Die Zunahme der inneren Lasten in heutigen Buerogebaeuden (z.B. Callcenter) laesst eine Verschaerfung des Problems erwarten, da die Luftgeschwindigkeiten mit steigender Last zunehmen. (orig.)

Gas production and storage - gas transport and supply. Colloquium 7th conference proceedings; Gasfoerderung und Gasspeicherung - Gastransport und Gasversorgung. Kolloquium 7. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wagner, S. [ed.] [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bohrtechnik und Fluidbergbau; Koeckritz, V. [comp.

1999-07-01

The colloquium papers discuss trends in gas supply engineering, automtion of gas storages, liberalisation of the gas market, and gas management systems in integrated supply systems. Rock-mechanical problems of natural gas storage caverns are mentioned. Further subjects are gas extraction rom coal seams, power generation from gas in fuel cells, a model for blowout calculation of real gases, and vortex tubes in gas pressure reduction systems. 19 contributions have been recorded separately in this database. [German] Die einzelnen Beitraege des Kolloquiums befassen sich mit den Entwicklungen in der Gasversorgungstechnik, mit der Automatisierung von Gasspeichern, mit der Liberalisierung des Gasmarktes sowie mit Gasmanagementsystemen in Verbundnetzen. Neben der Gasspeicherung in Porenspeichern und Salzkavernen, deren Sicherheit und der Soleversenkung, sind Betraege zu gebirgsmechanischen Problemen in Erdgasspeicherkavernen enthalten. Weitere Themen sind die Gasfoerderung aus Steinkohlefloezen, die Energieerzeugung aus Gas in Brennstoffzellen, ein Modell zur Blowout-Berechnung realer Gase sowie Wirbelrohre in Anlagen zur Gasdruckminderung. Fuer die Datenbank Energy wurden 19 Beitraege separat aufgenommen.

Reducing the electricity consumption of small ventilation installations; Reduktion des Elektrizitaetsverbrauchs von Klein-Lueftungsanlagen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furter, R.; Casartelli, E.; Lang, M.

2010-03-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at how the electricity consumption of small ventilation installations can be reduced. Residential ventilation systems - also known as comfort ventilation systems - have to fulfil demands placed on energy efficiency, comfort and hygiene. The results of exemplary measurements of the electrical power consumption that have been made in order to estimate the current situation of ventilation systems and of air handling units in apartments and single family houses are presented and discussed. Air networks were simulated at nominal air flow with different pressure losses for nine different ventilation units. The most important conclusion of this work is quoted as being that the internal pressure losses of the ventilation units have to be reduced and the design recommendation for the air network has to be reconsidered. Also the authors are of the opinion that hygiene requirements must be more rigorously respected.

Sustainable development in city districts: BaLaLuZ project - Society; Schlussbericht 'Gesellschaft' - Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arend, M

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is one of a series of reports concerning municipal development in various cities in Switzerland. The four city districts involved include Basel (Gundeldinger Feld), Lausanne (Bellevaux), Lucerne (Basel-/Bernstrasse) and Zurich (Werdwies). This paper takes a look at society aspects in the four districts and examines the factors that influence the sustainable development of the districts. Topics discussed include basic residential needs, safety, health, and supply along with culture and education. Also examined are the possible topics equality and fairness and participation along with geographical reference and neighbourhood relations. A project for this area of investigation is suggested.

Eawag Forum Chriesbach - Detailed energy balance - Final report; Energie-Detailbilanz des Eawag Forum Chriesbach - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guettinger, H.; Lichtensteiger, T.; Mauz, M. [Eidgenoessische Anstalt fuer Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und Gewaesserschutz, EAWAG, Duebendorf (Switzerland); Velsen, S. van [3-Plan Haustechnik AG, Winterthur (Switzerland); Lehmann, B.; Frank, T.; Dorer, V.; Beerle, D. [Eidgenoessische Materialpruefungs- und Forschungsanstalt, EMPA, Duebendorf (Switzerland)

2009-06-15

In June 2006 Eawag moved into its new headquarters, Forum Chriesbach. The building's external appearance is striking owing to the 1232 blue glass panels which clad the compact 6-storey rectangular structure. Eawag Forum Chriesbach houses 150 workplaces, a staff cafeteria, meeting and seminar rooms as well as the library of Eawag and Empa. It is an exemplary illustration of 'sustainable' construction design and is one of the best known buildings in Switzerland. It has been awarded several prizes and described in numerous national and international publications. The building is modern, functional, aesthetic, and uses a unique array of sources for heating, including the sun as well as waste heat from light sources, electric appliances and people. Cooling requirements are very low. Only electricity requirements and the embedded energy of construction materials are of significance. Approximately one third of the electricity required, namely 70 MWh/a, is produced by photovoltaic panels on the roof, and the rest is purchased as renewable electricity from the utilities under the label 'nature-made star'. During a two-year optimization period the building's control system was adjusted and know-how was transferred from planners and builders to owners and facility managers. From autumn 2007 Eawag, Empa and 3-Plan Haustechnik AG carried out temperature and energy measurements to determine the extent to which original planning assumptions and simulation forecasts corresponded to actual experience. Computer simulations with TRNSYS have revealed the relative contribution of individual building components to the overall energy balance and their sensitivity to external parameters. Temperatures during hot summer days have remained in comfortable ranges below 26 {sup o}C and have usually ranged between 20 and 23 {sup o}C in winter. Although heating and electricity requirements have exceeded predicted levels, at 5.7 kWh/m{sup 2} weighted energy reference area the amount required remains extremely low. The difference results from overly high estimates of personnel loads as well as higher needs for hot water preparation, kitchen use and lighting. However, there is still some optimization potential possible by better coordinating the solar collectors, the waste heat recovery from cooling equipment and consumption of energy from the area heating system, all of which compete with each other. The thermal underground register not only pre-heats fresh incoming air in winter and cools it in summer, but contributes to a favourable overall energy balance by effectively cooling the computer servers as well. Financial analysis has shown that the investment costs for Forum Chriesbach amount to less than 5% above those for a comparable standard structure and that the annual operating costs are lower. These additional costs are compensated for by the lower annual costs within a period of about 13 years. (authors)

Operation without benefit in the services sector; Betrieb ohne Nutzen. BoN im Dienstleistungssektor - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunner, C. U.; Nipkow, J. [S.A.F.E., Zuerich (Switzerland); Brechbuehl, B. [Universitaet Zuerich, Zuerich (Switzerland); Glauser, H. [ea si, Windisch (Switzerland); Steinemann, U. [Ingenieurbuero US, Wollerau (Switzerland)

2009-01-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) discusses the unnecessary operation of electrical equipment. This preliminary study examined in a top-down manner the electrical grid loads at night in Switzerland and attempts to identify unnecessary loads. The results of a bottom-up analysis of seven buildings in the service sector was made. One large complex was also used to identify the sources of night-time loads. Together, these two approaches allowed a first appreciation and a rough quantification of the load caused by the unnecessary operation of equipment in the Swiss electricity grid. The services sector has an estimated share of some 2.4 TWh/a caused by unnecessary operation. In a follow-up project the reduction of unnecessary loads is to be studied in more detail. This second analysis will also have to include loads caused by unnecessary operation during the daytime. The goal of the project is eventually to reduce any unnecessary electric loads and, as a result, the entire electricity demands of Switzerland

Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides and complex hydrides; Wasserstoffspeicherung in Metall- und komplexen Hydriden - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bielmann, M.; Zuettel, A.

2007-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), reports on work done in 2007 at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology EMPA on the storage of hydrogen in metal hydrides and complex hydrides. In particular, the use of tetrahydroborates is noted. The potential of this class of materials is stressed. The structures at room-temperature were examined using neutron and X-ray diffraction methods. Thermodynamic methods helped determine the thermodynamic stability of the materials. Also, a complete energy diagram for the materials was developed. The use of silicon oxide to reduce activation energy and its catalytic effects are discussed. The challenges placed by desorption mechanisms are noted. The authors note that reversibility is basically proven.

Air conditioning using waste heat from fuel cells; Konzeptstudie: Klimatisierung durch Abwaermenutzung aus Brennstoffzellen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gantenbein, P.; Luzzi, A.; Spirig, M. [Hochschule fuer Technik Rapperswil (HSR), Institut fuer Solartechnik (SPF), Rapperswil (Switzerland); Schuler, A.; Nerlich, V. [Hexis AG, Winterthur (Switzerland)

2007-07-01

This concept study for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on work done at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland on possibilities of using the waste heat from fuel cell stacks to provide heating and, in the summertime, cooling using an absorption refrigeration system. The study evaluates the technical, economical and market-relevant aspects of such systems. The methods used in making comparisons with conventional reference systems, including reviews of existing information and expert questioning, are discussed. The results obtained are presented and the results of sensitivity analyses are discussed. These include electricity feed-in tariffs and gas prices, pay-back times, capital interest rates, etc. Further, barriers encountered such as patents and other market hindrances are discussed. The report is completed with a comprehensive appendix.

Cutting and decontamination technologies for nuclear facility dismantling; Technologien zur Zerlegung und zur Dekontamination von kerntechnischen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, Felix; Grone, Georg von; Schultmann, Frank

2017-03-15

The German Government's decision to phase-out nuclear power will lead to a substantial increase of the number of nuclear decommissioning and dismantling projects. The decommissioning of nuclear facilities must meet the requirements of the radiation protection ordinance. This study deals with the decontamination and dismantling technologies available to meet radiation protection requirements. The aim of this study is to determine the state of the art in the field of decommissioning and dismantling technologies. Furthermore, future trends in the development and application of such technologies should be identified. A detailed study of current literature provides an overview of established decommissioning technologies. Moreover, experts were consulted in order to facilitate a practical assessment. The experts' statements indicate that (apart from the chemical decontamination of the primary circuit) the use of mechanical methods is generally preferred. Abrasive methods are rated as particularly efficient. According to the experts, the development of new decontamination technologies may allow a more efficient decontamination. However, the success of a new technology will be subject to its application costs. Mechanical technologies are preferred for the dismantling of nuclear facilities. The band saw has been identified as a standard tool in nuclear dismantling. The survey has concluded that there is no need for new dismantling technologies. The potential lies in the optimization of existing processes and techniques. With regard to remotely operated systems, experts' opinions vary on whether the use of these systems will increase in future. Most areas inside a nuclear facility have low radiation levels that allow the use of human labour for the dismantling. However, there is a need for an improvement in the allocation and management of decommissioning projects.

Helium cryosystem for the X-ray laser LCLS-II; Heliumkryosystem fuer den Roentgenlaser LCLS-II

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pflueckhahn, Dirk; Fauve, Eric; Heloin, Vincent; Ravindranath, Viswanath; Ross, Marc [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

2017-07-01

The Linac Coherent Light Source-II project represents the expansion of the LCLS free-electron laser, which has been successfully operated at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory since 2009. In collaboration with several national institutes, 37 cryomodules with superconducting accelerator cavities will be installed in a 700 m long section of the existing tunnel. The use of superconducting accelerator technology will enable particle energy of up to 4 GeV in CW (continuous wave) operation. Two identical cryogenic systems with an equivalent output of 18 kW each at 4.5 K are described below. The plants supply the linear accelerator with helium at several temperature levels. Superfluid helium II provides the cooling necessary to maintain superconductivity in the cavities. The operating temperature of the 1.3 GHz cavities has been set at 2 K. Two further helium circuits are used for shield cooling at approx. 35 K and cooling of heat loads at 5 K level. The purely dynamic compression of the cold helium vapour is a technical feature of the systems described here. In a five-stage chain of cold compressors of 32 mbar at the cavities, it is absolutely compressed to the suction pressure of the circulation compressors at approx. 1 bar. [German] Das Linac Coherent Light Source-II Projekt stellt die Erweiterung des seit 2009 erfolgreich betriebenen Freie- Elektronen-Lasers LCLS am SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory dar. In Kollaboration mit mehreren nationalen Instituten werden in einem 700 m langen Teilstueck des bereits bestehenden Tunnels 37 Kryomodule mit supraleitenden Beschleunigerkavitaeten installiert. Der Einsatz von supraleitender Beschleunigertechnologie wird eine Teilchenenergie von bis zu 4 GeV im CW (continous wave) Betrieb ermoeglichen. Zwei identische Kryoanlagen mit einer aequivalenten Leistung von je 18 kW bei 4,5 K werden im Folgenden beschrieben. Die Anlagen versorgen den Linearbeschleuniger mit Helium auf mehreren Temperaturniveaus. Superfluides Helium

6. conference: Thermal waste management; 6. Fachtagung: Thermische Abfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faulstich, M.; Urban, A.; Bilitewski, B. (eds.)

2001-07-01

Ersatzbrennstoffe stehen etablierte kommunale und industrielle Anlagen zur Mitverbrennung zur Verfuegung. Darueber hinaus sind etliche Unternehmen im Begriff, spezielle Heizwerke oder Heizkraftwerke fuer diese Brennstoffe zu errichten. Die klassischen Muellverbrennungsanlagen, also die Anlagen mit Rosttechnik, gehoeren damit jedoch keineswegs zum alten Eisen, im Gegenteil, sie weisen nach wie vor ein grosses Optimierungs- und Innovationspotenzial auf. Ausgewaehlte neue Konzepte fuer Feuerungen, Kessel, Korrosionsminderung und Rauchgasreinigung werden hier diskutiert. Nicht zuletzt gewinnen die Kosten in der kommunalen Abfallwirtschaft so auch bei der Abfallverbrennung seit Jahren an Bedeutung. Das Benchmarking ist dabei zu einem wichtigen Vergleichs- und Bewertungsinstrument geworden und das Internet wird die Moeglichkeit zukuenftig noch erweitern. Diese sechste Fachtagung ist fuer Hersteller und Betreiber, Planer und Berater sowie die Fachleute aus Verwaltung und Wissenschaft ein umfassendes Forum zur Thermischen Abfallbehandlung geworden. (orig.)

Techniques of material-flow-specific residual waste treatment; Techniken der stoffstromspezifischen Restabfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maak, D.; Collins, H.J. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig, Leichtweiss - Inst. fuer Wasserbau (Germany)

1998-09-01

The success achieved with large-scale plants for mechanical-biological residual waste treatment has led to a change of course in waste pretreatment. In view of the low emissions via the water and gas routes from landfilled wastes and the low costs of waste treatment some authorising authorities have meanwhile issued special licences pursuant to clause no. 2.4 of the Technical Code on Household Waste, thus enabling mechanical-biological residual waste treatment plants to continue operations beyond the year 2005. Beside offering a means of treatment and disposal, cost-effective mechanical-biological pretreatment also provides an opportunity for going over to material-flow-specific residual waste treatment. These process stages permit recirculating valuable materials and using other materials for energy production. They can be retrofitted on a modular basis in existing plants. If these advantages of the present innovative pretreatment methods are not used, then mechanical-biological pretreatment can still serve as a preparatory stage for thermal treatment. To date there has been no practical experience with this innovative method of residual waste treatment. However, industrial-scale trials have shown that each individual treatment stage is capable of being carried out successfully. [Deutsch] Die guten Erfolge im grosstechnischen Betrieb von Anlagen zur mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlung haben zu einer Kursaenderung bei der Vorbehandlung von Abfaellen gefuehrt. Geringe Emissionen der deponierten Abfaelle auf dem Gas- und Wasserpfad sowie geringe Kosten fuer die Behandlung der Abfaelle haben dazu gefuehrt, dass inzwischen bereits einige Genehmigungsbehoerden eine Ausnahmegenehmigung nach Nr. 2.4 der TA Siedlungsabfall erteilt haben und damit der Betrieb von mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlungsanlagen auch nach 2005 ermoeglicht wird. Neben der alleinigen Behandlung und Deponierung bietet die kostenguenstige Vorbehandlung mit mechanisch

Qualification of the indentation test for the local characterization of nuclear facility materials. Final report; Qualifizierung des Eindruckversuchs zur lokalen Charakterisierung kerntechnischer Werkstoffe. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tandler, Martin; Seifert, Thomas; Schlesinger, Michael; Mohrmann, Ralf; Kilgus, Normen; Venugopal, Ravula

2007-12-21

With the aid of the registrating indentation test, the project intends to characterise the operational changes in the local material properties of nuclear materials by a quasi-nondestructive indentation test. The focus was on the materials 22NiMoCr3-7 and X6CrNiNb18-10, both of which are widely used in nuclear engineering. As the accuracy of the method depends on experimental influencing factors like surface treatment, intrinsic stresses, or material anisotropy, these influences are to be quantified and will be considered in the evaluation of the material characteristics. The influencing parameters will be investigated experimentally and numerically by FE simulations so that their influence can be distinguished from the actual material behaviour. (orig.)

2007 annual meeting on nuclear technology. Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2007-01-01

This year's Annual Nuclear Technology Conference (JK) organized by the Deutsches Atomforum e.V. (DAtF) and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG) was held in Karlsruhe on May 22-24. The attendance of more than 1,200 persons from 21 nations, and the increase in participation over the past few years, underline the role of this specialized congress as one of the leading international events in the field of the peaceful uses of nuclear power. The first day of the conference, with its plenary presentations, traditionally focused mainly on political and economic problems of the use of nuclear power. The situation of nuclear power in the United Kingdom, the key country of this year's meeting, was covered in depth. As usual, the program of the three-day event was organized as follows: plenary sessions on the first day were followed by topical sessions, technical sessions, and special events on the other days. This year, the conference featured a record program of 251 papers presented at these sessions. The 'Nuclear Power Campus' was arranged very successfully for the 5th time as an event comprising lectures and a 'hands-on' exhibition explaining the world of nuclear power in a transparent way to students from schools and universities. The special commitment to young scientists and to the preservation of competence in the nuclear field were emphasized at the JK 2007, among other things, in a workshop on 'Preservation of Competence in Nuclear Technology'. Nearly 20 young scientists presented results of their scientific work. The Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology was accompanied by a specialized exhibition with meeting points of industry organized by 33 manufacturers, vendors, and service companies. (orig.)

Membrane bio-reactor - Research, pilot installation and measurement campaign; Membranbioreaktor (MBR) - Forschung, Pilotanlage und Messkampagne - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hersener, J -L [Ingenieurbuero Hersener, Wiesendangen (Switzerland); Meier, U [Meritec GmbH, Guntershausen (Switzerland)

2007-07-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), takes a look at a project involving a fermenter installation in Eastern Switzerland. Research work is noted, the pilot installation is described and the results of a measurement campaign are presented and commented on. The plant is able to handle about 20,000-25,000 tonnes of slurry and organic waste. The plant is built as a membrane bio-reactor and allows the separation of the digested biomass into fractions of solid and liquid fertilisers and useful water. Furthermore, a part of the separated and digested liquid is returned to the fermenter in order to improve the digestion process. For the production of electricity a 1.1 MW generator is installed. The adaptations made during the measurement period are noted and commented on. According to the authors, the results - although difficult to interpret - show that the concept of a membrane bio-reactor can work successfully.

Sustainable development in city districts: BaLaLuZ project - Business; Schlussbericht AG Wirtschaft - Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inderbitzin, J.

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is one of a series of reports concerning municipal development in various cities in Switzerland. The four city districts involved include Basel (Gundeldinger Feld), Lausanne (Bellevaux), Lucerne (Basel-/Bernstrasse) and Zurich (Werdwies). This paper takes a look at business aspects in the four districts and examines the factors that influence the sustainable development of these districts. The functioning of each of the four districts in relation to their parent cities is discussed both in historical and present-day contexts. Economic aspects and the possibilities for future development are discussed, as are sustainability factors. The criteria for the four districts are compared. The influence expected with respect to projects in the four areas is discussed.

International standard for the charging of electric vehicles; Internationaler Standard fuer das Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathoy, A.

2001-12-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the situation regarding the standardisation of battery charging systems for electric vehicles. The advantages of an international standard both for users and manufacturers of electrically-powered vehicles are discussed. The work done in the IEC and CENELEC technical committees is reviewed. Developments achieved since 1999 are reviewed and further developments and work to be done are examined. The most important points in the IEC standard 61851 are looked at and various connector interfaces are described. Direct and inductive charging systems according to IEC 61980 are examined and the special situation in Italy, where power available in homes for the charging of electrical vehicles is more limited, is reviewed.

Sustainability projects in Gundeldingen, Basel; Nachhaltigkeitsprojekte auf dem Gundeldingerfeld in Basel - Schlussbericht zum NaQu-Projekt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Binz, A.; Voyame, J.-P.; Mueller, W.

2008-10-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the results obtained from the 'sustainable quarter' project in Basel, Switzerland. Along with other sustainability projects in Lausanne, Lucerne and Zurich, this project was part of a research project on sustainable city district development. The projects realised in the Gundeldingen quarter in Basel are discussed, such as the gradual conversion of an industrial site into a public meeting place, information offers on sustainability, mobility projects, new green spaces, solar energy, recycling, energy management and future sustainable development in this city district.

New construction of the Kelchbach hydropower installation - Preliminary project; Vorprojekt Neubau Kraftwerk Kelchbach. Programm Kleinwasserkraftwerke - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kalbermatten, J.

2009-09-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes the preliminary project for the new construction of a small hydropower installation on the Kelchbach stream in Naters, Switzerland. After a pressure-pipe rupture, the old, over 100 year-old installation was closed down. The replacement installation is planned to increase power production. The works necessary for the realisation of this hydropower project are described and discussed. Several older studies on the replacement of the installation are listed. Three variants are presented and discussed as are hydrological data on the project. Cost estimates are presented and discussed. Estimates of energy production are also presented and discussed, as is the economic viability of the project. Environmental aspects of the project are also examined.

Solgreen 'Kraftwerk 1' PV plant in Zurich - Final report; Solgreen Kraftwerk 1 Zuerich - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rasmussen, J.; Stettler, S.

2008-04-15

The 'Solgreen Kraftwerk 1' PV plant was built in Zurich, in June 2001. The Solgreen system optimizes the integration of photovoltaic modules on green flat roofs by using the ground substrate in a double function for both; as soil substrate for the vegetation and as a foundation for the modules mounting structure. The project's main goal was to test the suitability of the Solgreen system. Furthermore, the interacting influences of the roof vegetation and the photovoltaic system were examined scientifically over a 5 year period by an external expert. 12 sample areas were covered with different substrates and different seeds were used on the roof during the test period. Ecosystem diversity amounted to 140 different breeds of plants as well as insects and animals. The modules led to a higher structural diversity on the roof by creating shaded areas and different water distribution. Saplings mainly growing in low vegetation density areas, caused shading on modules and had to be removed. Mulleins were an additional shading problem on one of the rooftops; leading to a measurable energy reduction. For future installations of this type, a low substrate height in front of the modules and seeds which produce low growing plants can reduce such shading problems. This photovoltaic system's technical performance was higher compared to the average system's performance in Zurich. Visual controls of the system showed almost no soiling of the PV modules, primarily due to the frameless modules, but maybe also due to the plants' air cleaning effect. (author)

Photovoltaic power supply for appliances and small systems. Final report; Photovoltaik fuer Geraete und Kleinsysteme. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roth, W.; Anton, L.; Benz, J.; Kaiser, R.; Kuhmann, J.; Puls, H.G.; Pfanner, N.; Schmidt, H.; Schulz, W.; Steinhueser, A.

2002-06-01

The economic prospects of PV power supply to appliances and small systems were investigated. The research project was aimed at improving the conditions for efficient development of appliances and small systems with photovoltaic power supply and autonomous systems not connected to the grid. Innovative products were developed and tested in cooperation with industrial organizations. The project is to help small and medium-sized organizations with a technological orientation and enhance technology transfer between science and industry.

Code of Conduct for wind-power projects - Feasibility study; Code of Conduct fuer windkraftprojekte. Machbarkeitsstudie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strub, P. [Pierre Strub, freischaffender Berater, Binningen (Switzerland); Ziegler, Ch. [Inter Act, Basel (Switzerland)

2009-02-15

This final report deals with the results of a feasibility study concerning the development of a Code of Conduct for wind-power projects. The aim is to strengthen the acceptance of wind-power by the general public. The necessity of new, voluntary market instruments is discussed. The urgency of development in this area is quoted as being high, and the authors consider the feasibility of the definition of a code of conduct as being proven. The code of conduct can, according to the authors, be of use at various levels but primarily in project development. Further free-enterprise instruments are also suggested that should help support socially compatible and successful market development. It is noted that the predominant portion of those questioned are prepared to co-operate in further work on the subject

High efficiency two-step evaporator in a cooling system; Hocheffiziente zweistufige Verdampfung in einer Kaelteanlage - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meister, R.; Haenni, E. [BMS-Energieanlagen AG, Wilderswil (Switzerland)

2005-07-01

A two-step evaporator was installed in parallel in an existing refrigeration plant with an operating capacity Q{sub o} of 130 kW. This ensured the possibility of a practical comparison between conventional evaporation and our high-efficiency two-step evaporator, without having to resort only to theoretical data. The result of this virtually one-on-one comparison in identical ambient conditions (which is not normally possible, as two systems cannot generally be installed in parallel) has confirmed what the advance calculations demonstrated, i.e. a 10% improvement in performance provided by the high-efficiency two-step evaporator. Thanks to the changeover from semi-floated to overflow operation (only tested in winter) it was possible, again as shown in previous calculations, to achieve an additional increase in performance of 5%. A basic objective was to use the high-efficiency two-step evaporator to provide stable performance in any operating situation - i.e. even after defrosting. This objective was achieved in both operating modes: semi-floated and overflow. Summer operation in overflow mode remains to be tested however, as the system has only been running in this mode since November 2004. (author)

Experiences from the acid stimulation of geothermal aquifers and plants; Erfahrungen bei der Saeurestimulation geothermaler Aquifere und Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolfgramm, Markus; Birner, Johannes; Lenz, Gerhard; Hoffmann, Frank; Rinke, Manfred [Geothermie Neubrandenburg GmbH, Berlin (Germany)

2012-10-16

In the course of the exploration of geothermal aquifers up to the operation of geothermal power plants, the utilization of acids and other substances such as inhibitors or powerful oxidants to secure enhanced productivities are of great significance. At the molasses basin, drillings which explore the carbonates of the Malm are stimulated repeatedly by means of hydrochloric acid after the sinking. Information from the drilling operation such as mud losses and cutting analyses are the basis for the design of stimulations. The subsequent implementation of test operations (cleaning lift, casing-lift-test in several stages) is used to estimate the short production run and the efficiency of the specific acidification. It also can be decided whether further acidifications are reasonable. Within the operation of geothermal power plants, different failures occur in the drillings as well as in the aboveground facility components. Failures can be minimized by means of the production management and inhibitors. Nevertheless, not all reasons of the scaling can be excluded fully so that regular measures are necessary in order to eliminate the failures. These measures range from mechanical methods through the combined utilization of mechanical-chemical procedures up to different methods of acidification. Beside the so-called soft acidification, stimulations via 'coiled tubing' or via utilization of acid threads with 'packer' also are possible. The investigation of the causes of the operational disturbances as well as the correct planning of the measures are significant for the application of the said stimulation processes.

Success factors for the acceptance of renewable energy production plants; Erfolgsfaktoren fuer die Akzeptanz von Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, Goetz [Zuerich Univ. (Switzerland). Lehrstuhl Sozialpsychologie; Krauter, Sven; Schwenzer, Andreas [The Advisory House GmbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2011-03-15

The majority of the German population is in support of the expansion of renewable energies. However, when it comes to construction work, project developers often meet with fierce opposition from the local population. One success factor in raising local acceptance of renewable energy production plants lies in planning projects such that citizens' interests and concerns are taken into account and well-conceived means of public participation are provided. Moreover, municipalities themselves can take on a pivotal role by becoming actively involved in the planning and development process and advertising renewable energy as a way towards municipal emancipation. This gives citizens less reasons to make a stand against such projects.

Automatic diagnosis of oscillating control loops in complex industrial plants; Automatische Diagnose oszillierender Regelkreise in komplexen industriellen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jelali, Mohieddine [VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH, Duesseldorf (Germany). Abt. Prozess- und Anlagenautomatisierung; Karra, Srinivas [Applied Manufacturing Technologies, Houston, TX (United States)

2010-07-15

Oscillations in control loops are one of the widespread problems in the process industry. Oscillations lead to increased variability in product quality, higher energy consumption, productivity losses and increased wear of plant components. This paper presents a new approach for the automatic and comprehensive diagnosis of oscillating valve-controlled processes, based on the identification of a Hammerstein model. The proposed method not only detects and quantifies valve stiction, but is also able to find out and distinguish between faults, such as aggressive controller tuning or external oscillatory disturbances, which may occur simultaneously to stiction. (orig.)

Diffuse Deckenlüftung

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Chen; Yu, Tao; Heiselberg, Per Kvols

Richtung in den Raum geleitet (daher auch der Namensteil „diffus“). Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Lüftungsanlagen (Misch- oder Verdrängungslüftung) kann die diffuse Deckenlüftung das Risiko eines Luftzugs im Raum erheblich reduzieren oder sogar vermeiden. Darüber hinaus bietet diese Lüftungsanlage die...... vielversprechende Möglichkeit, Energie einzusparen. Dies liegt am geringen Druckverlust, an dem längeren Zeitraum der freien Kühlung und dem großen Potenzial der Nachtkühlung. Die Investitionskosten für eine Anlage für die diffuse Deckenlüftung sind 5 bis 10 % geringer als die für herkömmliche Anlagen, da die...... Akustikdecke direkt als Luftverteiler verwendet werden kann. Durch den Einsatz eines Hohlraums für die Luftverteilung fallen zudem auch die Kosten für Luftkanäle niedriger aus. Das Interesse daran, die diffuse Deckenlüftung in Büros und anderen Gewerbegebäuden einzusetzen, wächst aufgrund der Vorteile in Bezug...

Wind energy utilisation. 7. enl. and compl. rev. ed.; Nutzung der Windenergie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heier, Siegfried [Kassel Univ. (Germany)

2016-07-01

The use of wind energy register furthermore rapid technological advances. Intensive research efforts in scientific institutions and in industry have led to it that the plants are reliable high technology products today. An overview of these developments give the completely revised BINE reference-book. The focus is on technologies, concepts and the market development of the wind industry. Other topics include network integration, economy and current research perspectives as well as environmental balance and repowering. Planners, investors and students get an overview of the status and development of the technology, the economy and the legal framework. [German] Die Nutzung der Windenergie verzeichnet weiterhin rasante technologische Fortschritte. Intensive Forschungsanstrengungen an wissenschaftlichen Institutionen und in der Industrie haben dazu gefuehrt, dass die Anlagen heute zuverlaessige Hightech Produkte sind. Einen Ueberblick ueber diese Entwicklungen gibt das vollstaendig ueberarbeitete BINE-Fachbuch. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Technologien, Konzepte und die Marktentwicklung der Windbranche. Weitere Themen sind die Netzintegration, Wirtschaftlichkeit und aktuelle Forschungsperspektiven sowie Umweltbilanz und Repowering. Planer, Investoren und Studierende erhalten einen Ueberblick ueber Stand und Entwicklung der Technik, die Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen.

Ageing degradation mechanisms in nuclear power plants: lessons learned from operating experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bieth, M.; Zerger, B.; Duchac, A.

2014-01-01

This paper presents main results of a comprehensive study performed by the European Clearinghouse on Operating Experience Feedback of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) with the support of IRSN (Institut de Surete Nucleaire et de Radioprotection) and GRS (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit mbH). Physical ageing mechanisms of Structures, Systems and Components (SSC) that eventually lead to ageing related systems and components failures at nuclear power plants were the main focus of this study. The analysis of ageing related events involved operating experience reported by NPP operators in France, Germany, USA and to the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System on operating experience for the past 20 years. A list of relevant ageing related events was populated. Each ageing related event contained in the list was analyzed and results of analysis were summarized for each ageing degradation mechanism which appeared to be the dominant contributor or direct cause. This paper provides insights into ageing related operating experience as well as recommendations to deal with the physical ageing of nuclear power plant SSC important to safety. (authors)

Combining mechanical-biological residual waste treatment plants with grate firing; Kombination MBA mit Rostfeuerung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fleck, E. [ABB Umwelttechnik GmbH, Butzbach (Germany)

1998-09-01

The promulgation of the Technical Code on Household Waste obliges the local authorities responsible for waste disposal to review existing and prepare new waste management plans. Given the present state of the art the Code`s limit value for loss due to burning of 5% makes thermal treatment of the residual waste practically compulsory. In preparation of these developments and in order to lower costs in general and be able respond flexibly to customer demands ABB is currently undertaking great efforts to provide thermal residual waste treatment plants with a modular design. [Deutsch] Mit Veroeffentlichung der TASi wurden die entsorgungspflichtigen Gebietskoerperschaften gezwungen, bereits vorhandene Abfall-Wirtschaftsplaene zu ueberarbeiten bzw. neue zu erstellen. Technisch laeuft nach derzeitigem Wissensstand der in der TASi vorgegebene maximale Gluehverlust von 5% darauf hinaus, dass eine thermische Behandlung des Restabfalls zwingend vorgegeben ist. Um hierfuer geruestet zu sein, aber auch um generell Kosten zu senken unf flexibel auf Kundenwuensche eingehen zu koennen, unternimmt ABB grosse Abstrengungen, den Aufbau von Anlagen zur thermischen Restabfallbehandlung modular zu gestalten. (orig./SR)

Four variations of the Mondini inner ear malformations as seen in microdissections.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnsson, L G; Hawkins, J E; Rouse, R C; Kingsley, T C

1984-01-01

Four variations and degrees of severity of the Mondini malformation were found in the temporal bones from two neonates, one with congenital heart disease and the other with trisomy D, and from one teenager with leukemia: 1) short cochlea and normal vestibular organs; 2) short cochlea and persistent horizontal canal anlage; 3) markedly shortened cochlea with no modiolus, wide internal auditory meatus, and persistent horizontal canal anlage; 4) same as variation 3, but with persistent anlagen in all semicircular canals. Variations 3 and 4 were from the case of trisomy D, in which the left cochlea had a normal hair cell population but few nerve fibers, and the intraganglionic spiral bundle was displaced from Rosenthal's canal to the osseous spiral lamina. The right ear had no cochlear nerve fibers; the organ of Corti was present, but hair cells were unusually small. In the case of trisomy D, both ears showed subtotal loss of vestibular nerve fibers. Although the rudimentary cristae of the right ear had numerous hair cells, the macular hair cells were fewer and malformed. No hydrops was present.

Validation of ANSYS CFX for gas and liquid metal flows with conjugate heat transfer within the European project THINS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papukchiev, A., E-mail: angel.papukchiev@grs.de; Buchholz, S.

2017-02-15

Highlights: • ANSYS CFX is validated for gas and liquid metal flows. • L-STAR and TALL-3D experiments are simulated. • Complex flow and heat transfer phenomena are modelled. • Conjugate heat transfer has to be considered in CFD analyses. - Abstract: Within the FP7 European project THINS (Thermal Hydraulics of Innovative Nuclear Systems), numerical tools for the simulation of the thermal-hydraulics of next generation rector systems were developed, applied and validated for innovative coolants. The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH participated in THINS with activities related to the development and validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and coupled System Thermal Hydraulics (STH) – CFD codes. High quality measurements from the L-STAR and TALL-3D experiments were used to assess the numerical results. Two-equation eddy viscosity and scale resolving turbulence models were used in the validation process of ANSYS CFX for gas and liquid metal flows with conjugate heat transfer. This paper provides a brief overview on the main results achieved at GRS within the project.

VVER 1000 SBO calculations with pressuriser relief valve stuck open with ASTEC computer code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Atanasova, B.P.; Stefanova, A.E.; Groudev, P.P.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► We modelled the ASTEC input file for accident scenario (SBO) and focused analyses on the behaviour of core degradation. ► We assumed opening and stuck-open of pressurizer relief valve during performance of SBO scenario. ► ASTEC v1.3.2 has been used as a reference code for the comparison study with the new version of ASTEC code. - Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present the results obtained from performing the calculations with ASTEC computer code for the Source Term evaluation for specific severe accident transient. The calculations have been performed with the new version of ASTEC. The ASTEC V2 code version is released by the French IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection at de surete nucleaire) and Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Germany. This investigation has been performed in the framework of the SARNET2 project (under the Euratom 7th framework program) by Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy – Bulgarian Academy of Science (INRNE-BAS).

Center for Nuclear Safety in Central and Eastern Europe: a platform for co-operation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomik, L.; Kichev, E.

2003-01-01

The paper presents a summary of the current status and the activities of the Centre of Nuclear Safety in Central and Eastern Europe (CENS). The CENS is a non-profit and independent association supported by the Swiss and Slovak Governments. The main mission of the CENS is to provide an independent platform for technical co-operation between the regulatory authorities of the Western and Eastern countries. The key partners of the CENS are the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (HSK), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the US Department of Energy (US DOE), the Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (UJD), the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit mbH (GRS), Germany and the Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), France. The CENS programs for 2003-2004 are presented. It can be considered as a complement to the IAEA activities in the area of short-term and event urgent planning. CENS projects as an example are presented. CENS proposals for co-operation with the Bulgarian institutions are made in connection with the topics of the forum round table discussions

Safety aspects and safety measures for the refrigerants N{sub 3} and F-CFC and CFC; Sicherheitsaspekte/Sicherheitsmassnahmen fuer Kaeltemittel NH{sub 3} und FCKW/FKW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stuerchler, P. [GfG AG, Binz (Switzerland)

2001-09-01

Experts agree that ammonia is the best and most economical refrigerant for a number of applications, e.g. in skating rinks, the food industry, chemical plants, etc. It has good thermodynamic properties and a low ozone-depleting potential, but it is also an aggressive and toxic substance. The potential hazard to humans and plants can be reduced, however, by early detection of leaks. There are different specifications in different European countries. In Switzerland, the EKAS regulations apply. [German] In der Kaelteindustrie herrscht eine Uebereinstimmung, dass fuer eine Vielzahl von Anlagen, z.B. Eissportanlagen, Lebensmittelbetriebe, Chemieanlagen u.v.m., Ammoniak als das beste und wirtschaftlichste Kaeltemittel betrachtet wird. Die guten thermodynamischen Eigenschaften und das geringe Ozonabbaupotential haben Ammoniak zum wichtigsten Kaeltemittel in mittleren und Grossanlagen gemacht. Die aggressive und giftige Chemikalie Ammoniak birgt jedoch ein nicht zu unterschaetzendes Gefahrenpotential fuer Mensch und Anlage. Diese Gefahr kann weitestgehend eingedaemmt werden. Eine fruehe und zuverlaessige Erkennung von Leckagen minimiert deren Auswirkungen und Schaeden. Die Vorschriften hierzu sind laenderspezifisch in den Verordnungen und Richtlinien festgelegt. Fuer die Schweiz gelten die Richtlinien der EKAS. (orig.)

Organisation of municipal gas supply; Organisation einer kommunalen Gasversorgung. Theoretische und praktische Betrachtungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolters, T.

2000-07-01

A safe supply of gas requires more than technically secure facilities and components. A structured and suitable organisation of the company's set-up and proceeding is necessary as well. In a diploma thesis, which was honored by the DVGW, theses aspects were treated as well in theory as well as in examples. Finally, a proposel for a gas supply company was developed which offered to translate into practice the results of the thesis. The thesis discusses issues of maintaining gas supply facilities and issues of the faultclearing service as well as aspects of the worker's protection laws. (orig.) [German] Eine sichere Gasversorgung verlangt mehr als technisch sichere Anlagen und Komponenten. Hierzu ist auch besonders eine planvolle und angemessene Aufbauorganisation und Ablauforganisation des Unternehmens notwendig. In einer vom DVGW ausgezeichneten Diplomarbeit wurden diese Aspekte theoretisch und an Beispielen erarbeitet, um letztlich einem Gasversorgungsunternehmen einen konkreten Vorschlag fuer die Umsetzung des Erarbeiteten zu unterbreiten. Fragen der Instandhaltung von Gasversorgungsanlagen und des Entstoerdienstes finden ebenso Beachtung wie die Umsetzung von Forderungen aus der Arbeitsschutzgesetzgebung. (orig.)

Network systems and cloud applications in livestock farming

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Herd

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Der Einsatz von Automatisierungstechnik und von Sensoren zur Tierüberwachung wächst und damit auch die Datenmenge aus der Tierhaltung. Die Herausforderungen an die Datenanalyse und einfache Informationsdarstellung steigen. Die Beispiele aus Wissenschaft und Praxis zeigen Lösungsmöglichkeiten. Dabei müssen Anlagen unterschiedlicher Hersteller gekoppelt und Daten zielgerichtet ausgewertet werden. Während in wissenschaftlich orientierten Projekten meist Systeme unterschiedlicher Hersteller vertreten sind, um z. B. die Kommunikation und Kooperation zu stärken sowie komplexe Fragestellungen zu beantworten, wird dies in herstellerspezifischen Projekten eher vermieden, da hier der konkrete Anwendervorteil im Vordergrund steht. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele wird dargestellt, dass mobile Anwendungen als Frühwarnsysteme für Gesundheitsveränderungen in Beständen oder zur Anlagensteuerung implementiert und genutzt werden. Insgesamt ist deutlich zu erkennen, dass sich die Datenauswertung und –nutzung in die Cloud verschiebt. Mit diesen Cloudsystemen erweitert sich das Spektrum der Datenauswertung dahingehend, dass komplexe Algorithmen und mobile Services (Apps, Webberatung oder soziale Netzwerke umgesetzt werden.

Cellular and muscular growth patterns during sipunculan development.

Science.gov (United States)

Kristof, Alen; Wollesen, Tim; Maiorova, Anastassya S; Wanninger, Andreas

2011-05-15

Sipuncula is a lophotrochozoan taxon with annelid affinities, albeit lacking segmentation of the adult body. Here, we present data on cell proliferation and myogenesis during development of three sipunculan species, Phascolosoma agassizii, Thysanocardia nigra, and Themiste pyroides. The first anlagen of the circular body wall muscles appear simultaneously and not subsequently as in the annelids. At the same time, the rudiments of four longitudinal retractor muscles appear. This supports the notion that four introvert retractors were part of the ancestral sipunculan bodyplan. The longitudinal muscle fibers form a pattern of densely arranged fibers around the retractor muscles, indicating that the latter evolved from modified longitudinal body wall muscles. For a short time interval, the distribution of S-phase mitotic cells shows a metameric pattern in the developing ventral nerve cord during the pelagosphera stage. This pattern disappears close to metamorphic competence. Our findings are congruent with data on sipunculan neurogenesis, as well as with recent molecular analyses that place Sipuncula within Annelida, and thus strongly support a segmental ancestry of Sipuncula. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company.

Low-capacity wind power systems. Technology, legal aspects, economic efficiency; Kleine Windenergieanlagen. Technik - Recht - Wirtschaftlichkeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eggersgluess, Walter [Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein, Rendsburg (Germany); Eckel, Henning; Hartmann, Stefan [Kuratorium fuer Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft e.V. (KTBL), Darmstadt (Germany)

2012-07-01

In what conditions will investments in a low-capacity wind power plant be profitable? This leaflet intends to provide a decision aid for farmers and other land owners interested in thes subject. It outlines the technology of low-capacity wind power systems, goes into site selection, expected yields and legal boundary conditions. The most important economic data are defined, and the economic efficiency of wind power plants of 7.5 to 25 kW is discussed. The text is supplemented by useful internet links. [German] Unter welchen Bedingungen rechnet sich die Investition in eine kleine Windenergieanlage? Das Heft hilft Landwirten sowie allen anderen investitionswilligen Grundstueckseigentuemern fuer sich Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden und die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Es gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Technik kleiner Windenergieanlagen, beschreibt was den richtigen Standort auszeichnet, mit welchen Energieertraegen gerechnet werden kann und welchen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen Bau und Betrieb der Anlagen unterliegen. Die wichtigsten wirtschaftlichen Kenngroessen werden definiert und die Wirtschaftlichkeit kleiner Windenergieanlagen anhand von Beispielanlagen im Leistungsbereich von 7,5 bis 25 kW diskutiert. Nuetzliche Internetadressen zum Thema Windenergie runden das Informationsangebot ab.

Prostaglandin E2 Regulates Liver versus Pancreas Cell Fate Decisions and Endodermal Outgrowth

Science.gov (United States)

Nissim, Sahar; Sherwood, Richard I.; Wucherpfennig, Julia; Saunders, Diane; Harris, James M.; Esain, Virginie; Carroll, Kelli J.; Frechette, Gregory M.; Kim, Andrew J.; Hwang, Katie L.; Cutting, Claire C.; Elledge, Susanna; North, Trista E.; Goessling, Wolfram

2014-01-01

SUMMARY The liver and pancreas arise from common endodermal progenitors. How these distinct cell fates are specified is poorly understood. Here, we describe prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a regulator of endodermal fate specification during development. Modulating PGE2 activity has opposing effects on liver-versus-pancreas specification in zebrafish embryos as well as mouse endodermal progenitors. The PGE2 synthetic enzyme cox2a and receptor ep2a are patterned such that cells closest to PGE2 synthesis acquire a liver fate whereas more distant cells acquire a pancreas fate. PGE2 interacts with the bmp2b pathway to regulate fate specification. At later stages of development, PGE2 acting via the ep4a receptor promotes outgrowth of both the liver and pancreas. PGE2 remains important for adult organ growth, as it modulates liver regeneration. This work provides in vivo evidence that PGE2 may act as a morphogen to regulate cell fate decisions and outgrowth of the embryonic endodermal anlagen. PMID:24530296

Germany, high-tech country

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1997-01-01

The Nuclear Technology Conference organized annually by the Deutsches Atomforum (DAtF) e.V. and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft (KTG) e.V. was held in Aachen on May 13-15, 1997. Approximately 1000 participants from seventeen countries met to exchange information with experts from industry, research, science, and politics. Unlike earlier events, this one was not disturbed by demonstrations. DAtF President Dr. Wilfried Steuer welcomed Joachim H. Witt, Chief Executive Officer of the city of Aachen, who expressed words of welcome on behalf of his city at the opening of the plenary day of the conference. Energy policy and global competition were the optics of the address by Dr. Norbert Lammert, Parliamentary Undersecretary of State with the German Federal Ministry of Economics. He advocated grasping the changes offered by expanding global markets by reforming the structures of the energy supply sector. The rank of nuclear power in European research policy was explained by Fabricio Caccia Dominioni as representative of the European Commission. The electricity utilities were represented by Dr. Dietmar Kuhnt, Chief Executive Officer of RWE AG, who spoke about the security of energy investments. A thoughtful analysis of Germany as an industrial location was presented by Professor Dr. Herbert Henzler of McKinsey and Company Inc. The President of the European Nuclear Society (ENS), Ger R. Kuepers, sketched the development of nuclear power in the Netherlands, combining national and European aspects and emphasizing, in particular, the important function of ENS. Uranium enrichment as an European project was subject of the report by Dr. Klaus Messer, Urenco Ltd. The General Manager of Tractabel Energy Engineering and Chairman of Belgatom, Guy Frederic, examined the economic viability of nuclear power, appealing to the audience to reduce capital costs by innovation without detracting from safety. (orig./DG) [de

2007 annual meeting on nuclear technology. Report; Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2007. Tagungsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2007-07-15

This year's Annual Nuclear Technology Conference (JK) organized by the Deutsches Atomforum e.V. (DAtF) and the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG) was held in Karlsruhe on May 22-24. The attendance of more than 1,200 persons from 21 nations, and the increase in participation over the past few years, underline the role of this specialized congress as one of the leading international events in the field of the peaceful uses of nuclear power. The first day of the conference, with its plenary presentations, traditionally focused mainly on political and economic problems of the use of nuclear power. The situation of nuclear power in the United Kingdom, the key country of this year's meeting, was covered in depth. As usual, the program of the three-day event was organized as follows: plenary sessions on the first day were followed by topical sessions, technical sessions, and special events on the other days. This year, the conference featured a record program of 251 papers presented at these sessions. The 'Nuclear Power Campus' was arranged very successfully for the 5th time as an event comprising lectures and a 'hands-on' exhibition explaining the world of nuclear power in a transparent way to students from schools and universities. The special commitment to young scientists and to the preservation of competence in the nuclear field were emphasized at the JK 2007, among other things, in a workshop on 'Preservation of Competence in Nuclear Technology'. Nearly 20 young scientists presented results of their scientific work. The Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology was accompanied by a specialized exhibition with meeting points of industry organized by 33 manufacturers, vendors, and service companies. (orig.)

Service planning. Methods for quality assurance in manufacturing; Instandhaltungs-Planung. Methoden zur Qualitaetssicherung in der Fertigung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lapp, H.

1995-12-31

, Produktionsausfaellen, Sach- und Gebaeudeschaeden. Dieses Buch wendet sich an Instandhalter der Industrie und an Handwerksbetriebe sowie an Instandhalterplaner, die sich mit der Instandhaltung mechanischer Anlagen beschaeftigen. Es enthaelt Planungsbeispiele, die als Anleitung und Anregung fuer die eigene Arbeit gedacht sind. Die Beispiele sind keine Rezepte, sondern sollen Tips und Hinweise geben fuer eigene Ueberlegungen zur Planung der Instandhaltung. Tabellen mit Begriffen und Formularvorschlaegen zur Erstellung von Terminplaenen, Checklisten und Arbeitskarten geben Hilfestellung beim Aufbau einer eigenen Instandhalteplanung. Geplante Instandhaltung traegt dazu bei, dass die Nutungsdauer der Anlagen verlaengert, der Anlagenwert verbessert und die maximale Einsatzbereitschaft gewaehrleistet wird. Die Instandhalteplanung umfasst neben der Erstellung von Terminplaenen, codierbaren Arbeitskarten und Betriebsmittellisten auch Messprotokolle, Maengelberichte, Schadensmeldungen und Schwachstellenanalysen. Vorgenannte Planung kann auch den Betreibern von Fertigungsanlagen ueber EDV angeboten werden. Durch die Codierung der Instandhaltetaetigkeiten, Schadensteile und Schadensbilder (Maengelbegriffe) koennen auch Instandhalte-Angebote von Fremdfirmen eingeholt werden. (orig.)

Fuel cells for the electricity supply of plants remote from the grid; Brennstoffzellen fuer die Elektrizitaetsversorgung von netzfernen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ledjeff, K

1996-12-31

The solar house at Freiburg, which is independent for energy, obtains all its energy only from the radiation impinging on the outside of the building. The space heating, provision of hot water, energy for cooking and electricity are provided by conversion of solar energy. A photo-electric generator supplies electricity which, apart from direct consumption, can be stored in a lead battery and the hydrogen system. The hydrogen system is the last link in the chain of the energy converter and represents the only energy supply if the thermal and electrical systems cannot any longer be supplied by the sun. The hydrogen system must therefore cover the energy demand in winter, consisting of a small heater for space heating and of course the fuel cell for providing electricity. The ideal fuel cell system for the solar house, which is independent for energy, is the PEMFC with an output of 500 W-1 kW. (orig./MM) [Deutsch] Das Energieautarke Solarhaus in Freiburg bezieht die gesamte Energie nur aus der auf die Gebaeudehuelle auftreffende Strahlung. Die Raumheizung, die Warmwasserbereitung, die Energie zum Kochen und der elektrische Strom werden durch die Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie bereitgestellt. Ein Photovoltaik-Generator liefert elektrische Energie, die neben dem direkten Verbrauch in eine Bleibatterie und das Wasserstoffsystem zur Speicherung eingespeist werden kann. Die Wasserstoffspeicherung erfolgt als Gas bei einem Druck von 30 bar. Das Wasserstoffsystem ist das letzte Glied in der Kette der Energiewandler und stellt den einzigen Energievorrat dar, wenn die thermischen und elektrischen Systeme nicht mehr solar versorgt werden koennen. Das Wasserstoffsystem muss daher den Energiebedarf im Winter decken, das sich ein kleiner Nachheizer fuer die Raumheizung und natuerlich die Brennstoffzelle zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie. Das ideale Brennstoffzellensystem fuer das Energieautarke Solarhaus ist die PEMFC mit einer Leistung von 500 W-1 kW. (orig./MM)

MEGA. Higher energy-efficiency through systematic user information - Final report; MEGA. Mehr Energieeffizienz durch gezielte Anwenderinformationen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fercu, M.; Kistler, R. [Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, CEESAR - iHomeLab, Horw (Switzerland); Egli, A. [Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, ISIS, Horw (Switzerland); Gallati, J. [Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, Wirtschaft, Horw (Switzerland)

2010-09-15

Individuals are empowered to conserve energy and natural resources when provided with motivational and personalized information on its use. By presenting information about the energy consumption from the home's energy meters along with recommended actions, the residential customer becomes aware of how in/efficiently energy is consumed within his home and can decide on how to act to conserve. This information can provide an accurate metric of how effective a conservation action is even to inhabitants that are not yet knowledgeable about or self-motivated by the monetary and ecologic rewards of conserving. This project was designed to build knowledge on technically and economically feasible ways to create an awareness of energy (especially electricity) for the sake of conservation. Specifically, it implements an exemplar prototype of a highly effective energy feedback system that is an interactive, real-time, in-home display. Toward this goal, four system architecture configuration proposals, a set of system requirements, and ideal system features are synthesized; they are based on the results of the research that evaluates effectiveness of existing energy-efficiency and -conservation methods and studies related technologies. Three of the four systems proposed represent energy technologies expected to be available within the next decade. The fourth system proposal is a demonstration prototype designed for implementation in the iHomeLab. This prototype is an open, modular, robust, cross-platform software framework that collects data, processes, and presents it interactively and visually on hardware available in most households. The results of this project both indicate that the creation of such energy feedback systems appear beneficial and also provide guidelines for their design. However, further development of infrastructure and elaboration of design is foreseen as necessary for this system to be suitable for mass deployment. (author)

An efficient linear power generator - Linear motor for oscillating piston machines; Effizienter Lineargenerator / Linearmotor fuer Kolbenmaschine - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lindegger, M.

2008-07-01

When an oscillating piston interacts with an electrical generator or motor, it is obvious that the electrical machine should also have linear motion, eliminating the disadvantage of a crankshaft. This work has two parts: construction of an efficient linear generator for a Stirling engine with a free piston and a theoretical study of the efficiency of linear motors for driving compressors. The Stirling engine and the linear generator have a continuous power of 1.3 kW{sub el}. With thermal peak power the planned 1.5 kW{sub el} are attained. The Project 'Stirling Free Piston Generator' for cogeneration will continue. Smaller linear motors with permanent magnets function without electronic control from single-phase AC net. The theoretical study shows how linear motors can be led out by linking the electric vector diagram with the pressure-volume diagram of the compressor. At a power level exceeding a few kW, a three-phase system with power electronics is more suitable. The frequency of oscillation is variable and lower than 50 Hz. The efficiency of the simulated linear motors lies in the range of efficiency class EFF1 of standard motors. The very high efficiencies of rotating motors with permanent magnets are not attained. The combination of the linear motor with an optimised thermal process leads to advantages regarding the efficiency. If a heat pump with linear drive system can operate with hot lubricating oil the losses in the heat exchangers are reduced. The Competence Center for Thermal Machines at Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts shows great interest to pursue the project of a linear heat pump for small temperature differences. (author)

Quality and economic feasibility of T5 lamp adapters; Qualitaet und Wirtschaftlichkeit von T5-Lampenadaptern - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blattner, P.; Lehmann, H.; Dudli, H.

2008-02-15

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with lamp adapters that can be used to modify existing lighting systems in order to allow the use of lamps with lower electrical consumption. In addition, the conventional ballast of such light fittings is replaced with an electronic ballast. This report summarises the results of a study on the quality of lamp adapters, mainly with respect to their photometrical parameters. The measurement equipment used and numerical simulations made are described and discussed. Based on the results of measurements made, various conclusions are drawn on the luminous flux and efficiency of the lamps and the influence of reflectors. Recommendations are made and the performance of two lamp adapter products is commented on. Recommendations for the manufacturers of such adapters are made.

Energy in buildings on-line (EGon). Main phase - Final report; Energie im Gebaeude online (EGon). Hauptphase - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stettler, S.; Toggweiler, P.

2009-10-15

A prototype service was developed to measure and evaluate the space heating energy consumption in buildings in an automated, cost-efficient way. The service consists of a low cost hardware and an internet portal which visualises and evaluates the data. In 10 buildings taking part in the building programme of the Climate Cent Foundation a hardware was installed. It measured heating energy consumption and daily sent this data via GPRS to a central server in Berne, Switzerland. Additionally, information about local ambient temperature and solar irradiation was gathered from weather satellites and stored together with the measurement data on the central server. A customised software analysed the data and visualised them. All data, graphs and results were stored in a password protected area, accessible via internet. Measurement data were correlated in a multiple linear regression with the daily average ambient temperature and solar irradiation. The correlation coefficient R2 was higher than 90% for 5 of the buildings (higher than 65% for 9 buildings). Yearly space heating energy consumption in a standard year was estimated by applying the regression parameters to the daily values of ambient temperature and solar irradiation for one year using Meteonorm data. For building owners, architects, space heating planners and energy experts, a similar service as applied in our study could be useful for several purposes: (i) Determine and visualise the real energy consumption and energy performance indicator of a building; (ii) Check if the energy consumption of a certain building meets the expectations / calculations; (iii) Verification of the success of a renovation; (iv) Identify energy leakages / energy saving potential in buildings; (v) Optimise space heating control of buildings; (vi) Gather information for a planned renovation of a building (insulation or renewal of heating installation). The project participants plan to improve the existing prototype and start a second measurement campaign with more buildings in winter 2009/2010. (authors)

Functional testing of a fish sluice, Buchholz small hydro plant - Final report; Funktionskontrolle Fischschleuse, KWKW Buchholz - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruhle, Ch. [Buero fuer Jagd- und Fischereifragen, Schmerikon (Switzerland); Scherrer, I. [Entegra Wasserkraft AG, St. Gallen (Switzerland)

2009-01-15

Since more than 100 years the diversion hydropower plant of Buchholz at the river Glatt (canton Saint Gall) has been out of operation. With its reactivation as run-of-river scheme, the river meadow, originated due to sedimentation in the former storage basin, with its beaver habitat, could be preserved. For the first time in Switzerland, a fish lock was implemented for the upstream passage way for fish. The fish lock was built directly into for stability reasons newly constructed secondary concrete at the downstream side of the old dam. At the upper lock opening a weir basked is installed, where the migrating fish are recorded. The examination proofed that the fish lock in principle is working for strong swimming fish species (qualitative proof of the performance control). In case of flood caused drift, the migrating fish seem to accept the fish passage. The attempt to quantify the proportion of the migrating willing fish which actually swim through the lock (quantitative proof of the performance control) did not produce satisfactory results. (authors)

Energy efficiency and rebound effects - Development, extent and containment; Energie-Effizienz und Reboundeffekte: Entstehung, Ausmass, Eindaemmung - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haan, P. de

2009-07-15

In this final report published for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), the Institute for Environmental Decisions at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH in Zuerich examines so-called rebound effects. New, energy-efficient products that, in terms of energy-consumption, are cheaper to operate can lead to increased demand - the so-called rebound effect. The article deals with direct and indirect rebound effects and their origins as seen from the economical, socio-psychological and regulatory points of view. The results of empirical research on their magnitude are discussed and examples are quoted. Possible mental rebound effects are discussed, as are possible ways to inhibit such rebound effects.

IEA SHC Task 37: advanced housing renovation - Final report; IEA SHC Task 37: advanced housing renovation - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hastings, R.

2010-01-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on work done within the framework of the International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling program. The project addressed the energy consumption of residential buildings and their renovation. The report discusses the goals set for the project and reports on five projects that were initiated. These include the refurbishment of apartment buildings to meet the 'Passive House' standard, air-tightness, potential for the use of solar energy, solar facades and the renovation of historic listed buildings. Conclusions resulting from these projects are presented and discussed.

Renewal of the Stanipac hydropower plant in Burgdorf; Febacom AG - Burgdorf. Gesamterneuerung Kraftwerk Stanipac - Burgdorf. Vorprojektstudie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hintermann, M.

2007-07-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), takes a look at the results of a preliminary study on the renewal of the Stanipac hydropower installation in Burgdorf, Switzerland. This small hydropower plant is the first of a series of nine installations situated along a canal. Proposals for the renewal of the installation are discussed. Topographical and hydrological factors are presented and discussed. Also, data on water quantities is presented. The existing installation dating from 1946 is described. Three variants for the renewal are noted and the appropriate installations, their costs and their production estimates are discussed. A best solution is proposed and the necessary installations are described in more detail, as is the economic viability of the scheme. Photos of the existing installation, figures on the proposed installation and project sketches are presented.

Ecological assessment of new CHP systems and their combination; Oekologische Bewertung neuer WKK-Systeme und Systemkombinationen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Primas, A.

2007-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on new developments in the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation area. The objective of this study is an ecological and technical evaluation of various CHP systems and system combinations. These also include suitable combinations with other technologies. Systems for five different temperature levels are quantified according to their environmental impact. Various possible applications are compared with a highly efficient reference system using separate heat and power generation - a combined-cycle plant and a heat pump. For chilled water production a combination of the CHP system with an absorption chiller is investigated. The results of the investigations are presented and commented on. Also, advantageous applications of CHP systems are noted.

Phoenix light - Heating and cooling with phase-change materials; Phoenix light: Heizen und Kuehlen mit PCM - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haechler, E. [Suiselectra Ingenieurunternehmung AG, Basel (Switzerland); Schneider, B. [Hochschule Esslingen, University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen (Germany)

2002-12-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with the use of phase-change materials (PCM) in buildings in order to help provide cooling in summer and heating in winter. General information on PCM and its use in the automotive industry, clothing, heating systems and office materials as well as in the electronics industry is provided. The physical and chemical basics are discussed and examples of PCM use in practice are provided. Also, work done in research institutes is mentioned. PCM systems from various manufacturers are noted. The 'phoenix light' system concept is discussed. The 'comfort cooler' concept is introduced and laboratory measurements made at the University of Applied Sciences in Esslingen, Germany, are discussed. Further, measurements made at an installation in an existing building are presented and discussed. Knowledge gained and the optimisation of the system are discussed. Finally, proposals for further work to be done are noted.

MEGA. Higher energy-efficiency through systematic user information - Final report; MEGA. Mehr Energieeffizienz durch gezielte Anwenderinformationen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fercu, M.; Kistler, R. [Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, CEESAR - iHomeLab, Horw (Switzerland); Egli, A. [Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, ISIS, Horw (Switzerland); Gallati, J. [Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, Wirtschaft, Horw (Switzerland)

2010-09-15

Individuals are empowered to conserve energy and natural resources when provided with motivational and personalized information on its use. By presenting information about the energy consumption from the home's energy meters along with recommended actions, the residential customer becomes aware of how in/efficiently energy is consumed within his home and can decide on how to act to conserve. This information can provide an accurate metric of how effective a conservation action is even to inhabitants that are not yet knowledgeable about or self-motivated by the monetary and ecologic rewards of conserving. This project was designed to build knowledge on technically and economically feasible ways to create an awareness of energy (especially electricity) for the sake of conservation. Specifically, it implements an exemplar prototype of a highly effective energy feedback system that is an interactive, real-time, in-home display. Toward this goal, four system architecture configuration proposals, a set of system requirements, and ideal system features are synthesized; they are based on the results of the research that evaluates effectiveness of existing energy-efficiency and -conservation methods and studies related technologies. Three of the four systems proposed represent energy technologies expected to be available within the next decade. The fourth system proposal is a demonstration prototype designed for implementation in the iHomeLab. This prototype is an open, modular, robust, cross-platform software framework that collects data, processes, and presents it interactively and visually on hardware available in most households. The results of this project both indicate that the creation of such energy feedback systems appear beneficial and also provide guidelines for their design. However, further development of infrastructure and elaboration of design is foreseen as necessary for this system to be suitable for mass deployment. (author)

Concept for the redesign of ECOMAN (standby losses) - Final report; Konzepte fuer Redesign ECOMAN (Standby-Verluste) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ernst, D.; Haerri, V.V.; Riesen, H.

2008-04-15

A lot of electronic devices are equipped with a so called standby mode. In this mode a device can easily be brought into full functionality directly, by remote control or by timer. Unfortunately, the standby mode implies a high consumption of electrical energy that could be reduced 10 to 20 times by an adequate technology. In Switzerland these losses amount to approximately 1,900 GWh. The so called ECOMAN is an electronic device which can reduce these losses effectively and comfortably. Due to political pressure the producers of electronic devices are forced to find solutions for the problem of standby losses. The ECOMAN would thus be of less importance because the problem would be solved at its roots. This fact and the wish to have a better performance led to a new definition of this device. The ECOMAN has to be improved and shall offer additional functions. E.g. it shall protect the devices from fire hazard or serve as control in the field of building automation. The new concepts were well accepted by the producer who already realized the specification of the first phase of redesign, which serves as basis for the further development of integration. (author)

Overall efficiency of office buildings; Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Buero-Bauten. Optimierung des Heizwaermebedarfs vs. Optimierung der Gesamtenergieeffizienz - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gadola, R.; Menti, U.-P.; Pluess, I.; Klauz, S. [Hochschule Luzern - Technik und Architektur Zentrum fuer Integrale Gebaeudetechnik (ZIG), Horw (Switzerland); Menard, M. [Lemon Consult GmbH, Zuerich (Switzerland)

2010-04-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the overall efficiency of office buildings. The optimisation of heating requirements and the optimisation of overall energy efficiency are compared. The trend towards compact, very well insulated buildings as propagated by current energy regulations is examined in the light of other energy-saving aspects such as air-conditioning requirements and lighting. The Swiss 'Minergie-P' standard that calls for extremely low energy consumption is discussed in this connection. Primary energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions are discussed and sensitivity analyses for various factors affecting buildings are looked at. Also 'grey energy' in materials is considered.

Climate sensibility and stability of coastal dunes. Final report; Klimasensibilitaet und Stabiltaet nicht regenerierbarer Oekosysteme: Kuestenduenen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Handelmann, D.; Klittmann, T.; Badenhop, J.; Folger, M.

2000-07-01

Coastal dunes have an important function as unique habitats for plants and animals as well as natural barriers against storm tides. Thus, they are of special value for nature conservation and coastal defence issues. Facing their potential endangering due to accelerated climate change profound knowledge of stabilty of coastal dunes is essential. In this context the presented study deals with the impact of climate change on biogenic sand stabilization in coastal dunes, which have to be conceived as an ecosystemic process. Questions of climate affected reactions of organism groups involved in this process (plants, soil microflora, soil fauna) and alterations in soil structure were followed up. Within the scope of a 2-years-lasting field experiment conducted on the Eastfrisian Island Norderney the microclimate near the soil surface was modified by gauze covering, which was set up on field plots. (orig.) [German] In ihrer Funktion als Lebensraum fuer Pflanzen und Tiere sowie als natuerlicher Schutzwall bei Sturmfluten wird den Kuestenduenen eine wichtige Bedeutung im Natur- und Kuestenschutz beigemessen. Angesichts ihrer potentiellen Gefaehrdung durch einen beschleunigten Klimawandel ist ein fundierter Kenntnisstand zur Stabilitaet von Kuestenduenen von elementarem Interesse. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich die vorliegende Studie mit dem Einfluss von Klimaaenderungen auf die biogene Sandstabilisierung in Kuestenduenen, die aufgrund des bestehenden organismischen Beziehungsgeflechtes als oekosystemarer Prozess aufzufassen ist. Dabei wurden Fragen nach klimaabhaengigen Reaktionen der an diesem Prozess beteiligten Organismengruppen (Pflanzen, Bodenmikroflora, Bodenfauna) und Veraenderungen des Bodengefueges bearbeitet. Im Rahmen eines 2-jaehrigen Freilandexperimentes auf der Ostfriesischen Insel Norderney wurde das bodennahe Mikroklima mittels einer Gazeueberspannung auf 4 m{sup 2} grossen und mit Strandhafer (Calammophila baltica) bepflanzten Parzellen experimentell modifiziert. (orig.)

Sustainable development in city districts: BaLaLuZ project - Society; Schlussbericht 'Gesellschaft' - Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arend, M.

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is one of a series of reports concerning municipal development in various cities in Switzerland. The four city districts involved include Basel (Gundeldinger Feld), Lausanne (Bellevaux), Lucerne (Basel-/Bernstrasse) and Zurich (Werdwies). This paper takes a look at society aspects in the four districts and examines the factors that influence the sustainable development of the districts. Topics discussed include basic residential needs, safety, health, and supply along with culture and education. Also examined are the possible topics equality and fairness and participation along with geographical reference and neighbourhood relations. A project for this area of investigation is suggested.

Combination of a pyrolysis plant with a hard coal power station firing system; Kombination einer Pyrolyseanlage mit einer Steinkohlekraftwerksfeuerung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulz, W.; Hauk, R. [Vereinigte Elektrizitaetswerke Westfalen AG (VEW), Dortmund (Germany)

1998-09-01

VEW ENERGIE AG plans and operates power plants and thermal plants for the disposal of residual materials (e.g. household waste, sewage sludge, used wood, residues from paper manufacture). In order to make itself familiar with the market for secondary fuels the company undertook a study to find out what cost-effective techniques are available on the market and how power plants can be used for optimal energy use and with a minimum of disposal costs. Its choice finally fell on pyrolysis because this technology is the most flexible for the thermal and physical utilisation of substitute fuels. Moreover, pyrolysis combines very well with power plants. [Deutsch] VEW ENERGIE AG plant und betreibt Kraftwerke und thermische Anlagen zur Entsorgung von Reststoffen (z.B. Hausmuell, Klaerschlamm, Altholz, Reststoff aus der Papierherstellung). Um sich auf dem Markt der Ersatzbrennstoffe einzustellen, wurde untersucht, welche kostenguenstigen Techniken auf dem Markt verfuegbar sind und wie Kraftwerke zur optimalen Energienutzung und zur Minimierung der Entsorgungskosten eingesetzt werden koennen. Die Pyrolysetechnik wurde ausgewaehlt, weil sie am flexibelsten fuer die thermische und stoffliche Verwertung der Ersatzbrennstoffe ist. Sie laesst sich auch sehr gut mit Kraftwerken kombinieren. (orig.)

Heat tracing with flexible metal hoses. New calculation program for reliable and economic design; Begleitheizung mit flexiblen Metallschlaeuchen. Neues Berechnungsprogramm fuer zuverlaessige und wirtschaftliche Auslegung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seeger, B. [Witzenmann GmbH, Pforzheim (Germany)

2003-07-01

Heat tracing does not only allow the transport of chocolate through pipe systems; particularly in chemical plants it ensures a stable viscosity of the transported media or protects it from freezing. By using flexible metal hoses instead of rigid copper or stainless steel pipes, the installation costs can be reduced considerably. Until now, no verified fundamental design principles or calculation programs for heat tracing with metal hoses were available. However, these are essential for a reliable and economical operation, as well as for a minimisation of the investment costs. Based on extensive field and laboratory measurements, a dedicated calculation model has now been established and verified. (orig.) [German] Begleitheizungen ermoeglichen nicht nur bei Schokolade den Transport durch Rohrleitungen. Vor allem in chemischen Anlagen erhalten sie die Viskositaet der transportierten Medien oder schuetzen gegen Einfrieren. Durch Verwendung von flexiblen Metallschlaeuchen anstelle von Glattrohren aus Kupfer oder Edelstahl laesst sich der Montageaufwand betraechtlich reduzieren. Fuer diese Metallschlauch-Begleitheizungen gab es bisher keine verifizierten Auslegungsgrundlagen oder Berechnungsprogramme. Fuer eine zuverlaessigen und wirtschaftlichen Betrieb sowie eine Minimierung der Investitionskosten sind diese jedoch unerlaesslich. Nun wurde auf der Basis umfangreicher Betriebs- und Labormessungen ein Berechnungsmodell erstellt und verifiziert. (orig.)

Review of advances in human reliability analysis of errors of commission, Part 1: EOC identification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reer, Bernhard

2008-01-01

In close connection with examples relevant to contemporary probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), a review of advances in human reliability analysis (HRA) of post-initiator errors of commission (EOCs), i.e. inappropriate actions under abnormal operating conditions, has been carried out. The review comprises both EOC identification (part 1) and quantification (part 2); part 1 is presented in this article. Emerging HRA methods addressing the problem of EOC identification are: A Technique for Human Event Analysis (ATHEANA), the EOC HRA method developed by Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), the Misdiagnosis Tree Analysis (MDTA) method, and the Commission Errors Search and Assessment (CESA) method. Most of the EOCs referred to in predictive studies comprise the stop of running or the inhibition of anticipated functions; a few comprise the start of a function. The CESA search scheme-which proceeds from possible operator actions to the affected systems to scenarios and uses procedures and importance measures as key sources of input information-provides a formalized way for identifying relatively important scenarios with EOC opportunities. In the implementation however, attention should be paid regarding EOCs associated with familiar but non-procedural actions and EOCs leading to failures of manually initiated safety functions

Photovoltaics in buildings. Final report; Photovoltaik in Gebaeuden. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Erge, T.; Hullmann, H.; Kaiser, R.; Kovach-Hebling, A.; Laukamp, H.; Reise, C.; Sauer, D.U.; Schmid, J.; Schmidt, H.; Sick, F.

1996-08-31

The feasibility in principle of photovoltaic plants integrated in buildings was proved in the 1980`s in the context of several pilot and demonstration projects both in Germany and internationally. However, the realisation and operation of these plants showed the necessity for further research and development work both in the system technique and particularly in the architectural area. The research project `Photovoltaics in buildings` reached the target of establishing a bridge between the technically orientated work of the researchers, developers and manufacturers of photovoltaic components on the one hand, and the architects and town planners on the other hand. (orig./AKF) [Deutsch] Die prinzipielle Machbarkeit gebaeudeintegrierter Photovoltaikanlagen wurde in den 80er Jahren im Rahmen mehrerer Pilot- und Demonstrationsprojekte sowohl in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als auch international nachgewiesen. Die Realisierung und der Betrieb dieser Anlagen zeigte jedoch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten sowohl im systemtechnischen als insbesondere auch im architektonischen Bereich auf. Mit dem Forschungsprojekt `Photovoltaik in Gebaeuden` wurde das Ziel erreicht, eine Bruecke zu schlagen zwischen den eher technisch orientierten Arbeiten der Forscher, Entwickler und Hersteller von Photovoltaikkomponenten auf der einen Seite und den Architekten und Stadtplanern auf der anderen. (orig./AKF)

Scientific publications of Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in 1980

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-04-01

The report gives the titles of the publications that appeared in 1980. It is the first time that such reports are not available in print yet are separated from the bibliography. As regards the patents all patent rights granted and published in 1980 are mentioned: patents, patent applications, and patent specifications for public inspection. The publications list is classified according to institutes. As to the projects only the published project reports and publications from collaborators of the respective project staff are specified. The list also contains the publications printed in the Kernforschungszentrum and concerning the following research- and development projects: Prozesslenkung mit DV-Anlagen (PDV), Rechenunterstuetztes Entwickeln, Konstruieren und Fertigen (CAD), and Fertigungstechnik (PFT) ; the Kernforschungszentrum is effecting these projects in co-operation with other firms and institutes with the Kernforschungszentrum being project manager. Moreover, the list contains the publications from the branch office of the Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Ernaehrung (federal research institute for alimentation) situated in the KFK-area. The last section of the list gives publications on guest experiments carried out in the Kernforschungszentrum. The list is provided with an alphabetic author register referring to page- and recording-numbers. (orig./HP) [de

Patterns of spatial and temporal visceral arch muscle development in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Science.gov (United States)

Ericsson, Rolf; Olsson, Lennart

2004-08-01

Vertebrate head development is a classical topic that has received renewed attention during the last decade. Most reports use one of a few model organisms (chicken, mouse, zebrafish) and have focused on molecular mechanisms and the role of the neural crest, while cranial muscle development has received less attention. Here we describe cranial muscle differentiation and morphogenesis in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. To determine the onset of differentiation we use antibodies against desmin and optical sectioning using confocal laser scanning microscopy on whole-mount immunostained embryos. This technique makes it possible to document the cranial muscle in three dimensions while keeping the specimens intact. Desmin expression starts almost simultaneously in the first, second, and third visceral arch muscles (as in other amphibians studied). Muscle anlagen divide up early into the different elements which constitute the larval cranial musculature. We extend and refine earlier findings, e.g., by documenting a clear division between interhyoideus and interhyoideus posterior. The timing of cranial muscle differentiation differs among vertebrate groups, but seems to be constant within each group. This study provides a morphological foundation for further studies of muscle cell fate and early differentiation. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Fundamentals of combustion research. Final report 2000; Grundlagen der Verbrennungsforschung. Abschlussbericht 2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

All ten projects were aimed at modelling and validation of practically relevant natural gas flames. Modelling comprises the use,l development and enhancement of advanced combustion and turbulence models, e.g. PDF models or higher order Reynolds stress models. Validation uses modern laser diagnostics, e.g. spontaneous Raman scattering, LIF spectroscopy, and LDA. The practical applicability is ensured by a 150 kW flame whose characteristics can be extrapolated to industrial-scale plants. For this, four identical experiments were set up in the TECFLAM institutes of Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Heidelberg, and Darmstadt. [German] Gemeinsames Projektziel der vorliegenden zehn Vorhaben ist die Modellentwicklung und Validierung anwendungsnaher Erdgasflammen. Unter Modellentwicklung ist dabei die Nutzung, Entwicklung und Weiterentwicklung fortschrittlicher Verbrennungs- und Turbulenzmodelle wie PDF-Modelle oder Reynolds-Stress-Modelle hoeherer Ordnung zu verstehen. Validierung wird durchgefuehrt mittels moderner Laserdiagnostik-Verfahren, wie der spontanen Raman-Streuung, der LIF-Spektroskopie sowie LDA-Verfahren. Die Anwendungsnaehe wird sichergestellt durch eine Flamme mit 150 kW Leistung, deren Verhalten auf grosstechnische Anlagen extrapolierbar ist. Um dieses ehrgeizige Ziel zu erreichen, wurden vier identische Versuchsaufbauten in den TECFLAM-Instituten in Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Heidelberg und Darmstadt errichtet. (orig.)

CSNI Project for Fracture Analyses of Large-Scale International Reference Experiments (Project FALSIRE)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bass, B.R.; Pugh, C.E.; Keeney-Walker, J.; Schulz, H.; Sievers, J.

1993-06-01

This report summarizes the recently completed Phase I of the Project for Fracture Analysis of Large-Scale International Reference Experiments (Project FALSIRE). Project FALSIRE was created by the Fracture Assessment Group (FAG) of Principal Working Group No. 3 (PWG/3) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/Nuclear Energy Agency's (NEA's) Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI). Motivation for the project was derived from recognition by the CSNI-PWG/3 that inconsistencies were being revealed in predictive capabilities of a variety of fracture assessment methods, especially in ductile fracture applications. As a consequence, the CSNI/FAG was formed to evaluate fracture prediction capabilities currently used in safety assessments of nuclear components. Members are from laboratories and research organizations in Western Europe, Japan, and the United States of America (USA). On behalf of the CSNI/FAG, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen--und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Koeln, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) had responsibility for organization arrangements related to Project FALSIRE. The group is chaired by H. Schulz from GRS, Koeln, FRG

48{sup th} Annual meeting on nuclear technology (AMNT 2017). Key topic / Outstanding know-how and sustainable innovations. Technical session: Reactor physics, thermo and fluid dynamics. Neutron flux oscillations phenomena

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herb, Joachim [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Garching (Germany). Abt. Kuehlkreislauf

2018-01-15

The Technical Session about Neutron Flux Oscillation Phenomena was chaired by Joachim Herb (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) GmbH) and well attended by approx. 50 listeners. It comprised of three keynotes and two technical presentations. The main topics were the significant changes of the neutron flux noise levels in different German and foreign pressurized water reactors (PWRs). For about ten years an increase in neutron noise levels has been observed in German PWRs. During the following five years the noise levels have been decreasing again. In principle, a correlation of the neutron noise levels to the use of certain fuel element types was observed and the phenomenon of neutron flux oscillations had been known since decades. Nevertheless, no self-consistent physical theory exists so far, which can explain the observed changes and the absolute levels of the observed neutron flux noise levels. Therefore, safety authorities, technical support organizations (TSO), utilities as well as research organizations showed increased interest in this topic during the last years. The results of the corresponding work as well as an outlook into soon-starting research projects were given in this session.

Purification of industrial effluents with a high load of organic pollutants by a combined anaerobic/aerobic process; Reinigung organisch hochbelasteter Industriebwaesser durch eine anaerob/aerobe Verfahrenskombination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reidl, H.H. [AEW ESMIL GmbH fuer Wasser- und Abwassersyteme, Ratingen (Germany)

1994-12-31

Organically polluted sewage water can be economically cleaned in an aerobic biological sewage treatment plant with upstream anaerobic as this saves activation volume and ventilation energy. This was demonstrated in the sewage treatment plant of the PWA in Redenfelden, where an anaerobic stage was installed which uses the BIOTHANE{sup R} process. The CARROUSEL-system of the anaerobic stage has proved a istself both in the PWA ans in municipal plants between 5000 to 100000 EW. It is a robust system with uncomplicated control which guarantees observance of maximum values and allows elimation of P and N. (orig.) [Deutsch] Organisch hochbelastete Abwaesser werden oekonomisch durch eine aerobe biologische Klaeranlage mit vorgeschalteter Anaerobie gereinigt, weil dadurch Belebungsvolumen und Belueftungsenergie eingespart werden. Dies wurde am Beispiel der Abwasserreinigungsanlage der PWA Redenfelden gezeigt, bie der eine Anaerobstufe nach den BIOTHANE{sup R}-Verfahren installiert ist. Das dort eingesetzte CARROUSEL-System fuer die Aerobstufe hat sich sowohl bei der PWA als auch im kommunalen Bereich bei Anlagen zwischen 5000 und 100000 EW, als robustes System mit unkomplizierter Steuerung bewaehrt, das eine sichere Einhaltung der Grenzwerte garantiert und die Moeglichkeit zur P- und N-Elimination bietet. (orig.)

Operational experience - Lessons learned from IRS-reports in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wetzel, N.; Maqua, M.

2005-01-01

The international Incident Reporting System (IRS), jointly operated by IAEA and OECD-NEA, is a main source of safety significant findings and lessons learned of nuclear operating experience. GRS (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH) is a scientific-technical expert and research organisation. On Behalf of the Federal Minister of Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety (BMU), GRS provides the IRS officer. The evaluation of IRS-Reports and the dissemination of the main findings including the assessment of the relevance for German NPPs is task of GRS. The value of IRS is among experts undoubted. But nevertheless, the reporting to IRS decreases since some years. This presentation is aimed to show the support of IRS in strengthening the safety of German NPPs. The evaluation of IRS-Reports at GRS is three-fold. It comprises initial screening, quarterly and yearly reporting and the development of specific German Information Notices on safety significant events with direct applicability to German NPPs. Some examples of lessons learned from recent international events are discussed below. These examples shall demonstrate that the use of the IRS enhances significantly the knowledge on operational events. (author)

Utilizing offshore potentials for wind power generation; Nutzung der Offshore-Potentiale fuer die Windenergie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hannemann, H. [Neptun Industrie GmbH, Rostock (Germany)

2000-07-01

The contribution discusses the importance of the offshore market and recommends measures to develop it. A turnkey offer is required for exports, which means that all organisations cooperating in the pilot project must prove their competence. The status of a pilot project in the Baltic Sea and the further plans for the park (20 systems, 40 MW, more than 10 km off the coast, water depth about 20 m) are reviewed. [German] Zur Erschliessung des Offshore - Marktes fuer Windenergieanlagen ist es erforderlich, die Technologie ''vor der eigenen Haustuer'' demonstrieren zu koennen. Nach einer Betrachtung der europaeischen Offshore - Windenergie - Potentiale und der davon moeglicherweise nutzbaren Anteile wird die Bedeutung des Offshore - Marktes deutlich. Besonders fuer die Hersteller ist der Offshore - Markt fuer den langfristigen Export von besonderer Bedeutung. Um den Export zu realisieren, ist ein Turnkey - Angebot erforderlich, so dass im Pilotprojekt alle an der gesamten Realisation beteiligten Organisationen ihre Kompetenz beweisen muessen und koennen. Der Stand eines Pilotprojektes in der Ostsee und die weitere Planung fuer den Park (20 Anlagen, 40 MW, >10 km Kuestenentfernung, ca. 20 m Wassertiefe) wird dargestellt. (orig.)

Lean structures in networked systems; Schlanke Strukturen in vernetzten Systemen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beisler, L. [DB Cargo AG, Mainz (Germany)

2003-07-01

In the coming 10 to 20 years, there will be a drastic increase in the number of freight transports in Europe. Transport politicians/scientists and the railways reckon that the volume of transport will double in Germany, which is tied particularly closely into the exchange of goods in Europe because of its central location. Deutsche Bahn is gearing up to the situation and is modernising lines and facilities. Lean production systems will ensure that the advantages of the tightly networked rail system are put to their full economic use. New products and sector-related solutions in combination with a quality campaign will provide a high degree of impetus in the European transport market. (orig.) [German] In den naechsten 10 bis 20 Jahren steigen die Guetertransporte in Europa drastisch an. Verkehrspolitik und -wissenschaft und die Bahnen erwarten fuer Deutschland, das durch seine Mittellage besonders stark in den europaeischen Gueteraustausch eingebunden ist, eine Verdoppelung der Verkehrsleistung. Die Bahn stellt sich darauf ein und modernisiert Strecken und Anlagen. Mit schlanken Produktionssystemen werden die Vorteile des stark vernetzten Schienensystems wirtschaftlich genutzt. Neue Produkte und Branchenloesungen in Verbindung mit einer Qualitaetsoffensive setzen starke Impulse im europaeischen Transportmarkt. (orig.)

WTT. Current trends in fermentation technology; WTT. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich der Vergaerungstechnologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stelwagen, Cornelis [WTT B.V., Almelo (Netherlands)

2012-11-01

WTT has substantial know-how in the design and construction of plants for biological and mechanical treatment of waste. In the past few years, fermentation was a key issue. In 2011, the WTT dry fermentation plant in Wiefels ws commissioned, which is described in this contribution. The plant is for treating the fine fraction of biological residues; it is an extension of the former biological treatment plant and a further optimisation of the overall concept. The experience gained, the performance so far, and the integration advantages are presented in brief. (orig.) [German] Durch die Errichtung und Ausstattung zahlreicher Anlagen zur biologischen und mechanischen Behandlung von Abfaellen besitzt WTT substanzielles Know-how auf dem Markt. In den letzten Jahren hat WTT viel Erfahrung in dem Bereich Vergaerung gewonnen. 2011 wurde die WTT-Trockenvergaerungsanlage in Wiefels in Betrieb genommen. Im Rahmen des Vortrags wird die Referenzanlage in Wiefels vorgestellt. In dieser Anlage wird die organische Feinfraktion des Restabfalls behandelt. Diese Anlage stellt eine Erweiterung der vorhandenen biologischen Aufbereitung und eine weitere Optimierung des Gesamtkonzeptes der MBA dar. Unsere Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse sowie die Integrationsvorteile werden kurz vorgestellt. (orig.)

Reports on research projects in the field of reactor safety sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology. Period covered: January 1 - June 30, 1997

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-01-01

Within the framework of its research programme on reactor safety, the Bundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technology (BMBF) (Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology) sponsors investigations into the safety of nuclear reactors. These investigations that are carried out within the framework of the programme are to provide fundamental knowledge, procedures and methods contributing to realistic safety assessments of nuclear facilities, the further development of safety technology, and the use of the potential of innovative safety-related approaches. Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) bmH, by order of the BMBF, continuously issues information on the status of such investigations by publishing semiannual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work and are published by the Research Management Division of GRS within the framework of general information on the progress in reactor safety research. (orig./SR) [de

Application of ASTEC, MELCOR, and MAAP Computer Codes for Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of a PWR Containment Equipped with the PCFV and PAR Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siniša Šadek

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The integrity of the containment will be challenged during a severe accident due to pressurization caused by the accumulation of steam and other gases and possible ignition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Installation of a passive filtered venting system and passive autocatalytic recombiners allows control of the pressure, radioactive releases, and concentration of flammable gases. Thermal hydraulic analysis of the containment equipped with dedicated passive safety systems after a hypothetical station blackout event is performed for a two-loop pressurized water reactor NPP with three integral severe accident codes: ASTEC, MELCOR, and MAAP. MELCOR and MAAP are two major US codes for severe accident analyses, and the ASTEC code is the European code, joint property of Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN, France and Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS, Germany. Codes’ overall characteristics, physics models, and the analysis results are compared herein. Despite considerable differences between the codes’ modelling features, the general trends of the NPP behaviour are found to be similar, although discrepancies related to simulation of the processes in the containment cavity are also observed and discussed in the paper.

ASTEC validation on PANDA SETH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bentaib, A.; Bleyer, A.

2011-01-01

The ASTEC code (jointly developed by IRSN and GRS, i.e. Gesellschaft fur Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH) development is aimed to provide an integral code for the simulation of the whole course of severe accidents in Light-Water Reactors. ASTEC is a complex system of codes for reactor safety assessment. In this benchmark, only the CPA (Containment Part of ASTEC) module is used. CPA is a lumped-parameter able to represent a multi-compartments containment. It used the following main elements: zones (compartments), junctions (liquids and atmospherics) and structures. The zones are connected by junctions and contain steam, water and non condensable gases. They exchange heat with structures by different heat transfer regimes: convection, radiation and condensation. In this paper, three selected from the PANDA SETH Benchmark 9, 9bis and 25 are considered to investigate the impact of injection velocity and steam condensation on the plume shape and on gas distribution. Coarse and fine meshes were developed by considering the test facility with the two vessels DW1, DW2, and the interconnection pipe. The obtained numerical results are analyzed and compared to the experiments. The comparison shows the good agreement between experiments and calculations. (author)

Control of nitrification and denitrification by means of oxygen measurement in activated sludge; Steuerung der Nitrifikation und Denitrifikation mittels Sauerstoffmessung im Belebungsbecken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Svardal, K; Kroiss, H

1998-12-31

As the simulation results show, controlling nitrification/denitrification by means of the oxygen content is a very effective method. Its big advantage is that the concentration of O{sub 2} can be very reliably measured. In comparison with online analysis units, O{sub 2} probes demand little maintenance and are inexpensive; so, each measuring point can be supplied with its own probe. O{sub 2} measurement is indispensable also with other control strategies. It would make sense, at least at larger plants, to monitor additionally the concentration of ammonium, a parameter which makes for a higher safety margin. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Steuerung der Nitrifikation/Denitrifikation nach dem Sauerstoffgehalt sehr gute Resultate ergibt. Der grosse Vorteil dieser Art der Steuerung besteht darin, dass die O{sub 2}-Konzentration sich sehr zuverlaessig messen laesst. O{sub 2}-Sonden sind im Vergleich zu online-Analysatoren wartungsarm und preisguenstig, so dass auch eine reduntante Ausfuehrung jeder Messstelle vertretbar ist. Auf die O{sub 2}-Messung kann auch bei anderen Steuerstrategien nicht verzichtet werden. Eine sinnvolle Ergaenzung waere zumindest bei groesseren Anlagen eine Ueberwachung der Ammoniumkonzentration wobei dieser Messwert vor allen Dingen der Sicherheit dient. (orig./SR)

Control of a reactor for conditioning of biogenic waste materials. Final report; Steuerung eines Reaktors zur Aufbereitung von Abfaellen mit biogenen Bestandteilen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartha, B.; Brummack, J.; Kloeden, W.

2002-10-01

Mechanical-biological waste treatment implies biological drying and mechanical separation; it produces a pollutant-free fuel fraction with good calorific value and inorganic fractions available for recycling. Apart from some prototypes, mostly static aerobic reactors are used. For moist residues, dynamic reactors may be interesting as they permit coupling of thermal and mechanical processes, i.e. parallel biological drying and mechanical separation. A discontinuous rotary kiln reactor for biological drying of residues was developed in this project. (orig.) [German] Die mechanisch-biologische Aufbereitung von Restabfaellen (MBA) hat sich zu einem Systembaustein innerhalb der Restabfallentsorgung entwickelt. Das Hauptanwendungsziel besteht darin, durch die Kombination von biologischer Trocknung mit mechanischen Stofftrennverfahren eine heizwertreiche und schadstoffentfrachtete Fraktion mit Brennstoffeigenschaften, sowie verwertbare anorganische Fraktionen aus dem Restabfall zu gewinnen. Die Ausgangssituation zeigte, dass, abgesehen von einigen prototypischen Anlagen, in der MBA-Technologie hauptsaechlich statische, aerob arbeitende Reaktoren (Rottetunnel und Rotteboxen) fuer den biologischen Schritt eingesetzt werden. Fuer feuchte Restabfaelle erscheint es interessant, dynamische Reaktoren einzusetzen, die die Kopplung thermischer und mechanischer Prozesse erlauben, die also die biologische Trocknung und den mechanischen Aufschluss parallel zulassen. Im Rahmen des Projektes wurde die Steuerung eines diskontinuierlich betriebenen Drehrohrreaktors zur biologischen Trocknung von Restabfaellen entwickelt. (orig.)

Introducing a dimensioning and simulation model useful for engineering practice for the modelling/optimization of enhanced biological P elimination.; Vorstellung eines in der Ingenieurpraxis nutzbaren Bemessungs- und Simulationsmodelles zur Abbildung/Optimierung der vermehrten biologischen P-Elimination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wichern, M.; Rosenwinkel, K.H.; Binder, M.

1999-07-01

The paper describes in excerpts a stationary model, suitable for engineering practice, for assessing the efficiency of enhanced biological P elimination. Adapted to the latest state of knowledge and based on only a few measuring data, it can be used to dimension or optimize existing plant. It takes into account knowledge such as the following: growth of organisms with enhanced phosphorus accumulation (PAOs) in an anoxic environment, modelling of biomass die-back in an anaerobic environment, different yield and die-back rates of PAOs and non-bioP organisms, the share of denitrifying PAOs and degradation processes through hydrolysis/fermentation. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wird ein in der Ingenieurpraxis anwendbares stationaeres Modell zur Abschaetzung der Leistungsfaehigkeit der vermehrten biologischen P-Elimination in Auszuegen vorgestellt, das, angepasst an neueste Erkenntnisse, auf Basis weniger Messdaten zur Bemessung sowie Optimierung von bestehenden Anlagen eingesetzt werden kann. Erkenntnisse, wie z.B. das Wachsen der vermehrt phosphorspeichernden Organismen (PAO) im Anoxischen, die Abbildung des Biomassensterbens im Anaeroben, die unterschiedlichen Ertrags- und Sterberaten von PAOs und Nicht-BioP-Organismen, der Anteil der denitrifizierenden PAOs und Abbauprozesse durch Hydrolyse/Fermentation sind im Modell beruecksichtigt. (orig.)

Scientific codes developed and used at GRS. Nuclear simulation chain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaffrath, Andreas; Sonnenkalb, Martin; Sievers, Juergen; Luther, Wolfgang; Velkov, Kiril [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Garching/Muenchen (Germany). Forschungszentrum

2016-05-15

Over 60 technical experts of the reactor safety research division of the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH are developing and validating reliable methods and computer codes - summarized under the term nuclear simulation chain - for the safety-related assessment for all types of nuclear power plants (NPP) and other nuclear facilities considering the current state of science and technology. This nuclear simulation chain has to be able to simulate and assess all relevant physical processes and phenomena for all operating states and (severe) accidents. In the present contribution, the nuclear simulation chain developed and applied by GRS as well as selected examples of its application are presented. The latter demonstrate impressively the width of its scope and its performance. The GRS codes can be passed on request to other (national as well as international) organizations. This contributes to a worldwide increase of the nuclear safety standards. The code transfer is especially important for developing and emerging countries lacking the financial means and/or the necessary know-how for this purpose. At the end of this contribution, the respective course of action is described.

Pediatric elbow trauma: an orthopaedic perspective on the importance of radiographic interpretation.

Science.gov (United States)

Jacoby, Sidney M; Herman, Martin J; Morrison, William B; Osterman, A Lee

2007-03-01

Radiographic interpretation of pediatric elbow trauma presents a daunting task for both the radiologist and treating orthopaedic surgeon. Proper radiographic diagnosis and appropriate intervention requires a thorough understanding and appreciation of developmental anatomy. As the pediatric elbow matures, it transitions from multiple cartilaginous anlagen through a predictable pattern of ossification and fusion. When children sustain trauma to the elbow, they may have a limited capacity to communicate specific complaints and are sometimes difficult to examine reliably. Furthermore, the presence of multiple growth centers, and their variability, makes radiographic evaluation of pediatric elbow injuries particularly challenging. These variables, coupled with the known adverse long-term sequelae of pediatric elbow trauma (painful nonunion, malunion, elbow stiffness, growth disturbance, etc.) highlight the importance of accurate radiographic interpretation, which facilitates appropriate treatment. By using an orderly, systematic approach based on well-defined anatomical relationships and accepted radiographic markers, the radiologist may effectively interpret and communicate pertinent findings to the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Furthermore, using common classification systems may facilitate interdisciplinary communication. Finally, it is crucial that caregivers of children consider the possibility of child abuse in suspect cases.

Substitution of R502 in existing refrigerating, air-conditioning and heat pump systems with refrigerants of low ozone depletion potential in the Federal Republic of Germany; Ersatz von R 502 in bestehenden Kaelte-, Klima- und Waermepumpenanlagen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch Kaeltemittel mit geringerem Ozonabbaupotential

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-06-01

The technical basics and the state of engineering for the substitution of R502 in existing refrigeration systems are described and explained. The report contains an overview of the current applications of R502 in the FRG, the presentation and discussion of existing substitutes, the presentation and valuations of research and experiences with the adaptation to alternative refrigerants, the presentation of the required infrastructure and a discussion of the technical feasibility. The conversion of existing systems to refrigerants of lower ozone depletion potential is in conclusion valuated with regard to its technical feasibility, environmental relevance and economic efficiency. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es werden die technischen Grundlagen und der Stand der Technik zum Ersatz von R502 in bestehenden Kaelteanlagen dargestellt und erlaeutert. Der Bericht beinhaltet einen Ueberblick ueber die derzeitige Anwendung von R502 in der BRD, die Vorstellung und Diskussion existierender Ersatzstoffe, die Darstellung und Bewertung der Forschung und Erfahrungen zu Umruestungen auf Ersatzstoffe, die Vorstellung der erforderlichen Infrastruktur und die Diskussion der technischen Durchfuehrbarkeit. Die Umstellung bestehender Anlagen auf Kaeltemittel mit geringerem Ozonabbaupotential wird abschliessend hinsichtlich der technischen Durchfuehrbarkeit, der Umweltrelevanz und der Wirtschaftlichkeit bewertet. (orig.)

Power to gas to relieve the electricity distribution networks. Continuation of the study ''Benefit of smart grid concepts taking into account the PtG technology''; Power-to-Gas zur Entlastung der Stromverteilungsnetze. Fortsetzung der Studie ''Nutzen von Smart-Grid-Konzepten unter Beruecksichtigung der PtG-Technologie''

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huettenrauch, Jens; Zoellner, Sylvana; Mueller-Syring, Gert [DBI Gastechnologisches Institut gGmbH, Freiberg (Germany); and others

2015-07-01

One of the main challenges in the energy transition is to integrate the increasing based on volatile renewable energy generated power in market and network. Based on actual distribution networks in Emsland in the study presented below was investigated, what contribution an intelligent coupling of electricity and gas distribution networks by means of power to gas (PtG) systems can do to solve this challenge. The investigations have shown, among other things, that the network expansion costs in particular can be significantly reduced by the coupling when otherwise an oversizing would be done by discrete power grid expansion measures. [German] Eine der wesentlichen Herausforderung bei der Energiewende besteht darin, die zunehmend auf volatilen erneuerbaren Energien basierende Stromerzeugung in Markt und Netz zu integrieren. Anhand realer Verteilungsnetze im Emsland wurde in der im Folgenden vorgestellten Studie untersucht, welchen Beitrag eine intelligente Kopplung von Strom- und Gasverteilungsnetzen mittels Power-to-Gas (PtG)-Anlagen zur Loesung dieser Herausforderung leisten kann. Die Untersuchungen haben unter anderem gezeigt, dass durch die Kopplung die Netzausbaukosten insbesondere dann signifikant reduziert werden koennen, wenn andernfalls eine Ueberdimensionierung durch diskrete Stromnetzausbaumassnahmen erfolgen wuerde.

Plataforma Solar de Almeria. Annual report 1997-1998. Final report; Plataforma Solar de Almeria. Haushaltsjahre 1997-1998. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-10-01

The performance and yields of thes following units and components are described: (a) Tower focus power plants and their components (TSA; RAS; Large Heliostat technology Program; Volumetric Receivers; REFOS); (b) Solar trough power stations and their components (DISS - Direct solar evaporation; ARDISS/PAREX test facility; EUROTROUGH - development of a cost-optimized European parabolic trough collector); (c) Solar chemistry (photocatalytic detoxification; solar synthesis of fine chemicals); (d) Dish/Stirling systems (HYHPIRE); (e) AP solar thermal technology transfer in the Mediterranean (THESEUS 50 MW{sub el} THErmal Solar European Power Statio at Frangokastello, Crete; SolWin; World-wide market introduction of solar thermal power stations). [German] Der bisher erzielter Erfolg und seine Auswirkungen wird fuer die folgenden Anlagen und Komponenten beschrieben. Diese sind: (a) Turmkraftwerke und deren Komponenten (TSA; RAS; Large Heliostat Technology Program; Volumetrische Receiver; REFOS), (b) Rinnenkraftwerke und deren Komponenten (DISS - Solare Direktverdampfung; ARDISS/PAREX Versuchsanlage; EUROTROUGH - Entwicklung eines kostenoptimierten europaeischen Parabolrinnenkollektors), (c) Solare Chemie (Photokatalytische Detoxifikation; Solare Synthese von Feinchemikalien), (d) Dish/Stirling Systeme (HYHPIRE), (e) AP Solarthermischer Technologietransfer im Mittelmeerraum (THESEUS - 50 MW{sub el} THErmal Solar European Power Station in Frangokastello, Kreta; SolWin; Weltweite Markteinfuehrung solarthermischer Kraftwerkstechnologie). (orig./AKF)

Control of nitrification and denitrification by means of oxygen measurement in activated sludge; Steuerung der Nitrifikation und Denitrifikation mittels Sauerstoffmessung im Belebungsbecken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Svardal, K.; Kroiss, H.

1997-12-31

As the simulation results show, controlling nitrification/denitrification by means of the oxygen content is a very effective method. Its big advantage is that the concentration of O{sub 2} can be very reliably measured. In comparison with online analysis units, O{sub 2} probes demand little maintenance and are inexpensive; so, each measuring point can be supplied with its own probe. O{sub 2} measurement is indispensable also with other control strategies. It would make sense, at least at larger plants, to monitor additionally the concentration of ammonium, a parameter which makes for a higher safety margin. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Steuerung der Nitrifikation/Denitrifikation nach dem Sauerstoffgehalt sehr gute Resultate ergibt. Der grosse Vorteil dieser Art der Steuerung besteht darin, dass die O{sub 2}-Konzentration sich sehr zuverlaessig messen laesst. O{sub 2}-Sonden sind im Vergleich zu online-Analysatoren wartungsarm und preisguenstig, so dass auch eine reduntante Ausfuehrung jeder Messstelle vertretbar ist. Auf die O{sub 2}-Messung kann auch bei anderen Steuerstrategien nicht verzichtet werden. Eine sinnvolle Ergaenzung waere zumindest bei groesseren Anlagen eine Ueberwachung der Ammoniumkonzentration wobei dieser Messwert vor allen Dingen der Sicherheit dient. (orig./SR)

Possibilities under the `Kreislaufwirtschaft- und Abfallgesetz` for the recycling or for energy generation from waste with a high calorific value having undergone mechanical-biological conditioning; Moeglichkeiten der energetischen und stofflichen Verwertung von heizwertreichen Reststoffen aus der mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlung im Rahmen des Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetzes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, J.; Fricke, K. [Ingenieurgemeinschaft Witzenhausen Fricke und Turk GmbH, Witzenhausen (Germany)

1998-12-31

This (partial) project has the following aims: to describe comprehensively the possibilities for the recycling, or generation of energy from, waste with a high calorific value having undergone mechanical-biological conditioning; further, to formulate demands regarding the quality of the separated partial fractions. This basic study takes all relevant, commercial thermal processes into account (power plants, cement works, blast furnaces, etc.). Furthermore, the question is investigated of whether the thermal waste processing plants in the area of the Suedhessische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall (SAGA) are suitable for waste utilization. An environmental compatibility statement is made, and the economic and legal boundary conditions are studied. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ziel des (Teil-)Forschungsvorhabens soll es sein, die Moeglichkeiten der energetischen und stofflichen Verwertung heizwertreicher Abfaelle aus der mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlung umfassend darzustellen und die Anforderungen an die Qualitaet der abgretrennten Teilfraktionen zu formulieren. Bei der Grundlagenermittlung sollen alle relevanten auf dem Markt angebotenen thermischen Verfahren (Kraftwerke, Zementwerke, Hochoefen usw.) mit einbezogen werden. Weiterhin sollen die im SAGA-Gebiet (Suedhessische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall) vorhandenen thermsichen Anlagen auf ihre Eignung zur energetischen bzw. stofflichen Verwertung hin ueberprueft werden. Neben der Bewertung der Umweltvertraeglichkeit werden die oekonomischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen untersucht. (orig.)

A case of annular pancreas with Wirsung's duct encircling the duodenum: embryological hypothesis based on cholangiopancreatographic and immunohistochemical findings.

Science.gov (United States)

Fukai, Manami; Kamisawa, Terumi; Horiguchi, Shin-Ichirou; Hishima, Tsunekazu; Kuruma, Sawako; Chiba, Kazuro; Koizumi, Satomi; Tabata, Taku; Nagao, Sayaka; Kikuyama, Masataka; Honda, Goro; Kurata, Masanao

2017-06-01

We present a resected case of annular pancreas in which Wirsung's duct encircled the duodenum and continued directly to the main pancreatic duct in the body and tail. Furthermore, Wirsung's duct coursed along the right side of the lower bile duct near the major duodenal papilla. Histologically, the islets of Langerhans in the annular pancreas were irregular in shape and were characterized by a striking abundance of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-positive cells. The PP-rich area that encircled the duodenum was fused with the PP-poor area in the head of the pancreas. The following embryological hypothesis is proposed. The tip of the ventral pancreatic anlage adhered to the duodenal wall and stretched to form a ring during clockwise rotation. The rotation was incomplete, and the pancreatic duct did not cross over the lower bile duct. Since there was adequate ventral anlage in the lower part of the head of the pancreas, fusion between the ducts of the ventral and dorsal anlagen did not occur. The tip of the ventral anlage overgrew and adhered to the dorsal anlage, and the annular duct fused with the main duct of the dorsal anlage.

CSNI Project for Fracture Analyses of Large-Scale International Reference Experiments (Project FALSIRE)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bass, B.R.; Pugh, C.E.; Keeney-Walker, J. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Schulz, H.; Sievers, J. [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, Koeln (Gemany)

1993-06-01

This report summarizes the recently completed Phase I of the Project for Fracture Analysis of Large-Scale International Reference Experiments (Project FALSIRE). Project FALSIRE was created by the Fracture Assessment Group (FAG) of Principal Working Group No. 3 (PWG/3) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/Nuclear Energy Agency`s (NEA`s) Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI). Motivation for the project was derived from recognition by the CSNI-PWG/3 that inconsistencies were being revealed in predictive capabilities of a variety of fracture assessment methods, especially in ductile fracture applications. As a consequence, the CSNI/FAG was formed to evaluate fracture prediction capabilities currently used in safety assessments of nuclear components. Members are from laboratories and research organizations in Western Europe, Japan, and the United States of America (USA). On behalf of the CSNI/FAG, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission`s (NRC`s) Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen--und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Koeln, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) had responsibility for organization arrangements related to Project FALSIRE. The group is chaired by H. Schulz from GRS, Koeln, FRG.

Explosion protection of electric components of power supply and control systems. Explosionsschutz in der Elektrotechnik fuer energie- und leittechnische Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fleck, K

1983-01-01

Knowledge on the physical and chemical processes of an explosion, on sources of ignition and measures to prevent explosive atmospheres and to deactivate sources of ignition may help to detect and prevent hazards. Safety measures for production and use of explosive materials are specified in DIN EN 50015-20/VDE 0170/0171 parts 2-7/5.78. Electric systems in explosive areas are specified in the Ordinance on Electric Systems in Explosive treas (Elex V), with pertinent administrative regulations. Ordinances, regulations and rules governing the operation of electric systems in explosive areas are listed.

Behavior of a cycle-integrated system. Heat recovery in RTL plants; Verhalten von Kreislauf-Verbund-Systemen. Waermerueckgewinnung in RLT-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rauser, Hanns Christoph [HCR Consulting, Ingenieurbuero fuer Kaelte- und Klimatechnik, Bietigheim-Bissingen (Germany)

2010-09-15

The contribution under consideration reports on the behaviour of a cycle-integrated system and derives criteria for the attaining high degrees of temperature changes. Since cycle-integrated system also realizes a reheating and a re-cooling apart from a heat recovery, also the behaviour of such a system is presented according to feeding coldness and warmth into the cycle.

Ecological aspects to the use of pretreated waste in thermal plants; Oekologische Aspekte beim Einsatz aufbereiteter Abfaelle in thermischen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedel, M.; Urban, A.I. [Kassel Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Fachgebiet Abfalltechnik

1998-09-01

The present contribution focuses on the input side of individual process techniques. It shows on the basis of example calculations how two parameters describing the incinerable (residual) waste that are of particular importance for unconventional thermal treatment methods, namely ``pollutant load`` and ``calorific value``, can be influenced by a recycling stage and then further by mechanical-biological pretreatment. [Deutsch] Im folgenden soll das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Inputseite zu den einzelnen thermischen Verfahren gelegt werden und anhand einer Beispielrechnung aufgezeigt werden, wie sich die fuer einen Einsatz in nichtkonventionellen thermischen Verfahren besonders wichtigen Parameter des aufbereiteten (Rest)Abfalls `Schadstoffbelastung` und `Heizwert` zunaechst durch eine Verwertung und weiter durch eine mechanisch-biologische Vorbehandlung veraendern. (orig./SR)

Space hvac-systems need careful maintenance; Operators are responsible. Raumlufttechnische Anlagen beduerfen der sorgfaeltigen Wartung; Betreiber stehen in der Verantwortung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mertz, G

1992-01-01

Regular expert maintenance of ventilation and air-conditioning systems is absolutely necessary among others to avoid health damages (Legionnaires' disease). In hospitals the risk of bacteria distribution is avoided by two or three-step filtration. In case of air-conditioning systems in non-medical areas supply air has to be filtered at least once. Moreover regular maintenance and control of the hygienic conditions of all systems is absolutely necessary. With ultraviolet disinfection in humidifying systems an effective disinfection at least of drinking water can be attained by keeping to certain limits. Filtering devices are also important for the removal of pollutants from air. (BWI)

Sustainable development in city districts: BaLaLuZ project - Building ecology; Schlussbericht 'Gebaeudeoekologie' - Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Binz, A.; Mueller, W.; Voyame, J.-P.

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is one of a series of reports concerning municipal development in various cities in Switzerland. The four city districts involved include Basel (Gundeldinger Feld), Lausanne (Bellevaux), Lucerne (Basel-/Bernstrasse) and Zurich (Werdwies). This paper takes a look at aspects of building ecology. In the four areas, the following building types and projects were examined with respect to their ecology: Basel: conversion of commercial premises to a community centre, Lausanne and Lucerne: Enhancement of residential areas, Zurich: a new residential building. Criteria examined include general building ecology, building materials, raw materials, toxic substances, recycling, maintenance and deconstruction, energy for heating and hot water, grey energy, electricity, ground usage, water, wastes and public infrastructure. Knowledge gained along with questions and problems still to be addressed are summarised and suggestions are made for further projects.

Parkhotel Bellevue, Adelboden - Measurement campaign on heat recovery; Parkhotel Bellevue Adelboden. Schlussbericht der Messkampagne der WRG Wellness-Anlage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grob, D. [Grob und Schoepfer AG, Wil (Switzerland); Baumann, E. [Baumann Akustik und Bauphysik AG, Bazenheid (Switzerland)

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a measurement campaign carried out on the heat-recovery system of a spa and wellness complex installed at the Park Hotel Bellevue in Adelboden, Switzerland, in 2001. The report takes a look at how heat is recovered from wastewater from the baths, showers and the filter-backwash water of the hotels' salt-water pool. The heat recovered is used to pre-heat the hot-water supply and the brine supply for the salt-water pool. Schematics, photos and tables present details of the installations. The results of the measurements made are presented and discussed. The percentage of energy needs met by the heat-recovery system is quoted and discussed. The economic feasibility of the project is also examined. Suggestions for further heat-recovery action to be taken are made.

Feasibility study for magnetic heat-pumps: applications in Switzerland; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer magnetische Waermepumpen: Anwendungen in der Schweiz. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Egolf, P.W.; Gendre, F.; Sari, O. [Haute Ecole d' Ingenerie et de Gestion, Yverdon-les-Bains (Switzerland); Kitanovski, A. [University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2006-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a feasibility study on the use of magneto-caloric materials. The authors are of the opinion that possibilities are not yet given for the application of magnetic heat pumps in the retro-fitting of buildings with radiator heating systems or for the production of sanitary hot water, whereas a good potential exists for the application of magnetic heat pumps in new buildings with floor heating. The report reviews the thermodynamic cycles involved, cascaded and regenerative systems and makes recommendations on the use in various types of buildings. Theoretical considerations are discussed, numerical simulations are described and a simple calculation method is presented. Cost considerations are discussed and comparisons are made with conventional systems.

Liquid-filled buried heat-exchanger for direct room cooling - Measurement project; Messprojekt: Fluessigkeits-Erdregister zur direkten Klimakuehlung - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lehmann, M.

2000-07-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at a study concerning a buried heat-exchanger that provides cooling energy for an industrial building in Wohlen, Switzerland. The cooling power of the system is discussed, as is its mid and long-term regeneration. The building being cooled is described and the installations are discussed. The measurement technologies employed are described and the results for the 1999 season are presented. Also, the results of specific, short-term measurements are discussed. The costs incurred are noted and a comparison is made with more traditional types of compressor-driven cooling systems. Also, ecological factors are discussed.

Wood as a raw commodity and energy carrier; Holz als Rohstoff und Energietraeger. Dynamisches Holzmarktmodell und Zukunftsszenarien - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pauli, B.; Buergi, P.; Bruehlhard, S. [Schweizerische Hochschule fuer Landwirtschaft, Zollikofen (Switzerland); Thees, O.; Lemm, R.; Rosset, Ch. [Eidg. Forschungsanstalt fuer Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, WSL, Birmensdorf (Switzerland)

2010-05-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at a dynamic wood-market model and the future prospects for the use of wood as a raw commodity and energy carrier. As an introduction, an overview of Swiss and international wood markets is provided. Various sorts of timber - from whole tree-trunks to waste wood for use as an energy source - are discussed. The international wood market is looked at and future developments are discussed. The report goes on to deal with four project stages which help provide an information basis in order to be able to review the current situation and the future developments in the Swiss wood industry. The first stage of the project involved the elaboration of a material-flow matrix for the year 2005. The sources of the data are discussed. Inconsistencies in the data are looked at and the Swiss wood market is analysed. This material-flow matrix provided the basis for a second step, the development of a product-oriented, dynamic wood market model. Here, all sources of wood from forests to waste wood are looked at and their use for building and as an energy resource is considered. Model development, variants and modelling factors are discussed. An expert-aided model is looked at. The market models developed were used for the third step, the development of scenarios for future development. Five scenarios were developed, including higher energy costs, a large, heavy storm event, increased per capita wood use, increasing global timber prices as well as the installation of a new, large-scale sawmill. In a final step, based on knowledge gained from the previous steps, suggestions for further action to be taken by politics were elaborated. Here, measures that would have an effect on supply and demand are suggested that could help decrease the costs for the harvesting of wood resources and support changes in the market behaviour of forest owners.

Solar-TEP - Development of materials for thermo-electric power generators; SOLAR-TEP - Materialentwicklung fuer solarthermoelektrische Stromerzeuger - Schlussbericht 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robert, R.; Weidenkaff, A.

2008-06-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the development of materials for thermo-electric power generators. Cobaltate phases are discussed as being suitable materials for thermoelectric applications at high temperatures. These potential thermoelectric materials are characterised with respect to their crystal structure, microstructure, composition, and thermal stability. The Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of polycrystalline cobaltates with perovskite-type and layered-cobaltite structure are evaluated for a wide temperature range. The large Seebeck coefficient exhibited by both perovskite-type and layered cobaltite phases is analysed using the Heikes formula. The work is illustrated with results obtained for various materials in graphical form.

Use of pyrolysis gas from coal as reburn fuel. Final report; Einsatz von kohlestaemmigem Pyrolysegas als Reduktionsbrennstoff. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Greul, U.; Magel, C.; Moersch, O.; Ruediger, H.; Storm, C.; Schnell, U.; Spliethoff, H.; Hein, K.R.G.

1996-12-31

The research project`s aim was to reduce nitrogen emissions from pulverized-coal furnaces by fuel staging with pyrolysis gas from coal. The test fuels were 6 German and Australian coals. The aim achieved has been the statement that the described method is an adequate means to attain to and remain below emission values of 200 mg/m{sup 3}. The method of fuel staging using coal-original gases was investigated with tests focussing the most important process parameters such as coal type, devolatilization ratio, temperature, residence time, and stoichiometry. The relevant features determined with an entrained flow reactor and with a fluidized-bed reactor were the impact of devolatilization temperatures on carbonized residue and pyrolysis products, the distribution of fuel nitrogen, and the quality of gas and tar, including the respective effects on NO{sub x} formation and reduction in staged combustion. The validation of the mathematical model was done with the experimentally obtained data. The criteria considered fundamental for achieving the NO{sub x} reduction level are temperature, air ratio, and residence time in the reduction zone of the furnace. The pyrolysis tests manifested the strong influence of the coal type and the devolatilization conditions on the composition of the gases and the attainable NO{sub x} reduction. The tars in the pyrolysis gases, with their nitrogen compounds, improve the reducing effect of available nitrogen oxides. By using pyrolysis gases from coal as reburning fuel, NO{sub x} emissions of less than 200 mg/m{sup 3} can be obtained at air ratios around 0.95. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Das Forschungsprojekt verfolgte das Ziel mit 6 deutschen und australischen Kohlen die Stickoxidemissionen aus Kohlestaubfeuerungen durch Brennstoffstufung mit Pyrolysegas als Reduktionsbrennstoff zu verringern. Das erreichte Ziel war der Nachweis, dass mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren NO{sub x}-Emissionswerte von 200 mg/m{sup 3} erreicht und unterschritten werden koennen. Die Brennstoffstufung unter Verwendung von kohlestaemmigen Gasen wurde experimentell im Hinblick auf die wichtigsten Verfahrensparameter, wie z.B. die Kohleart, Entgasungsrate, Temperatur, Verweilzeit und Stoechiometrie untersucht. In einem Flugstrom- und einem Wirbelschichtreaktor wurde der Einfluss der Entgasungstemperatur auf Restkohle und Pyrolyseprodukte, die Verteilung des Brennstoffstickstoffs, die Gas- und Teerqualitaet und deren Auswirkungen auf die NO{sub x}-Bildung und Reduktion bei der gestuften Verbrennung bestimmt. Die Validierung des mathematischen Simulationsmodells erfolgte mit den experimentell gewonnenen Daten. Als wesentliche Kriterien fuer die erreichbare NO{sub x}-Minderung werden Temperatur, Luftzahl und Verweilzeit in der Reduktionszone des Verbrennungsreaktors angesehen. Die Pyrolyseversuche zeigten den starken Einfluss der Kohleart und der Entgasungsbedingungen auf die Zusammensetzung der Gase und auf die erreichbare NO{sub x}-Minderung. Die in den Pyrolysegasen enthaltenen Teere mit ihren Stickstoffverbindungen verbessern die Reduktionswirkung vorhandener Stickstoffoxide. Durch den Einsatz der Pyrolysegase als Reduktionsbrennstoff koennen NO{sub x}-Emissionen unter 200 mg/m{sup 3} bei Luftzahlen um 0,95 erreicht und unterschritten werden. (orig./SR)

Combined elimination of organic C, sulfate and heavy metals. Final report; Kombinierte organische C-, Sulfat- und Schwermetalleliminierung. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raebiger, N.

2002-01-11

A new biological process for purification of highly burdened industrial effluents was developed in which aerobic, oxygen-limiting reaction conditions ensure simultaneous elimination of organic C, sulfate and heavy metals in a single process step in a compact system. The design data are presented here for the purpose of practical implementation of the process. [German] Das Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens ist die Entwicklung eines neuen biologischen Verfahrens zur Reinigung hochbelasteter Industrieabwaesser, bei dem durch die Einstellung aerober, sauerstofflimitierender Reaktionsbedingungen eine kombinierte organisch C-, Sulfat- und Schwermetalleliminierung gleichzeitig in einem Verfahrensschritt und kompakter Anlagentechnik realisiert wird. Hierbei werden die Auslegungsunterlagen fuer die praxisrelevante Umsetzung dieses Verfahrens zur Verfuegung gestellt. (orig.)

Photovoltaic installation with amorphous thin-film cells on a gymnasium roof; Dachanlage Turnhalle Wiesendangen mit amorphen Duennschichtzellen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stettler, S.; Toggweiler, P.

2008-03-15

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on a photovoltaic installation on the roof of the gymnasium of a school in Wiesendangen, Switzerland. The installation features amorphous thin-film solar cells. The solar panels were mounted on the existing roof with the help of the schoolchildren within the framework of the Greenpeace solar project for young persons. Measurements on the performance of the installation were made and the results are compared with those obtained at a nearby installation that uses crystalline solar cells. The energy production figures measured are commented on and the advantages offered by the solar modules used - particularly on their temperature behaviour - are briefly discussed.

Purchasing motors under consideration of full-cost pricing; Beschaffung von Motoren unter der Vollkostenbetrachtung (inklusive Permanentmagneterregte-Synchronmotoren) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mauchle, P. [Schnyder Ingenieure AG, Huenenberg (Switzerland); Ritz, Ch. [Schnyder Ingenieure AG, Steg (Switzerland)

2007-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at how full-cost pricing should be considered when purchasing electric motors. The authors consider it essential that the overall life-cycle costs are carefully considered. This also guarantees economical operation and enables users to avoid unexpected costs throughout the service life of the motor. The aim of this project was to provide industrial companies with suitable tools for calculating the overall life-cycle costs of motors at the time of their acquisition. These tools take the form of a sample 'Call for Tender' for motors along with software for calculating life-cycle costs. The factors involved, such as investment, installation costs, energy and environmental costs as well as operational, maintenance and disposal costs are examined.

Energy saving by hot operating bearings in high temperature kilns. Final report; Energieeinsparung durch Heisslager in Hochtemperaturanlagen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maier, H.R.

2003-07-01

The project intended to show that ceramic sliding bearings will ensure longer life, energy and cost savings, reduced environmental pollution, and functional improvements. Ceramic sliding bearings were tested at high temperatures of up to 1400 C and low sliding rates, with and without lubrication. High-temperature test stands were constructed in the two partner institutes and adapted to the specifications of the industrial partners concerning the parameters to be investigated. (orig.) [German] Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens 'Energieeinsparung durch Heisslager in Hochtemperaturanlagen' (EHIH) ist nachzuweisen, dass durch den Einsatz von keramischen Gleitlagern im Hochtemperaturbereich Standzeiterhoehungen, Energie- und Kosteneinsparungen, Umweltentlastungen und Funktionsverbesserungen moeglich sind. Auf der Basis der Anforderungsprofile der Industrie- und Forschungspartner waren umfangreiche Verschleisstests keramischer Gleitlager bei hohen Temperaturen (bis 1400 C) sowie niedrigen Gleitgeschwindigkeiten ohne und mit Feststoff-Schmierung vorgesehen. Hierzu wurden an beiden beteiligten Instituten Hochtemperatur-Pruefstaende aufgebaut, die den Anforderungen der jeweiligen Industriepartner hinsichtlich der zu testenden Lagerparameter (Drehzahl, Flaechenpressung, Temperaturprofile, etc.) angepasst wurden. (orig.)

Simulation of heat-pump systems in Polysun 4 - Final report; Simulation von Waermepumpen-Systemen in Polysun 4 - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marti, J.; Witzig, A. [Vela Solaris AG, Winterthur (Switzerland); Huber, A.; Ochs, M. [Huber Energietechnik AG, Zuerich (Switzerland)

2009-01-15

Polysun 4 is a software program for the simulation of heating systems. The simulation kernel applies a time stepping algorithm and dynamically calculates all relevant system parameters over a one year period, based on statistical weather data. On the one hand, Polysun draws out by physics-based simulation scheme and its modularity, which allows any arrangement of the system components. On the other hand, Polysun offers a unique set of component catalogues which cover a large number of commercially available system components. In this project, three kinds of heat pumps have been integrated in Polysun, namely the air/water, water/water and brine/water heat pumps. Furthermore, the relevant heat sources have been implemented, namely ambient air, soil and groundwater. In consequence, Polysun now covers a large, and almost complete, range of renewable energy systems. Simulation parameters are the measured heat pump COP values (in accordance with EN 255 and EN 14511). A linear interpolation scheme has been developed in this project in order to simulate systems for arbitrary source and heat pump temperatures and to interpolate the power consumption. For the dynamic simulation of the ground source heat pump, the numerical algorithm from the Program EWS (calculation module developed in 1997) has been integrated into Polysun. Groundwater probes are calculated with respect to the soil temperatures. Heat pumps and probes were implemented as independent components in Polysun. In the graphical user interface, they can be arbitrarily placed and connected with other hydraulic components. The timestepping simulation calculates inlet temperature, electric power consumption and heat transfer in the entire system. The Polysun catalogs have been extended accordingly with total over 300 component entries and a number of relevant system templates. (authors)

Publication of the KTA 3702.1 safety rule of the Kerntechnischer Ausschuss from July 3, 1980. Stand-by units with diesel aggregates in nuclear power plants. Pt. 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-01-01

The rule applies to stationary nuclear power plants. Depending on their application, one of the following diesel aggregates should be chosen: Stand-by aggregates, fast emergency aggregates, or no-delay emergency aggregates. (HP) [de

Advantages for nitrocarburizing processes with post oxidation in continuous furnaces; Anlagen und verfahrenstechnische Vorteile beim Nitrocarburieren mit Nachoxydieren in kontinuierlichen Ofenanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Irretier, Olaf [Industrieberatung fuer Waermebehandlungstechnik IBW Dr. Irretier, Kleve (Germany); Salerno, David [Safed Suisse, Delemont (Switzerland)

2011-06-15

The present contribution shows the possibilities and test results of the new developed nitrocarburizing process called Oxycad NT {sup registered}. It could be shown, that this process is very suitable for bulk materials which have to be heat treated in conveyor belt furnaces for an optimum wear and corrosion resistance. (orig.)

Guide for construction of wood power systems. Construction - economic efficiency - technology; Leitfaden fuer die Errichtung von Holzenergie-Anlagen. Umsetzung - Wirtschaftlichkeit - Technologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruchser, M. [Forum fuer Zukunftsenergien e.V., Bonn (Germany)

2001-07-01

The Guidebook serves as a handbook for the entire operational sequence, which is necessary for the establishment of a wood combustion plant in Germany with an installed capacity larger than 100 kW{sub th}, for the use of fuel woods such as forest chips, wood and forest residues, pellets, wood waste, etc. within the limits of the laws and regulations prescribed for the respective performance classes. The Guidebook's purpose is to give potential investors and operators of wood combustion plants as well as the appropriate authorities a quick and global overview of the energetic use of wood in order to contribute to an increased application of this technology. The Guidebook introduces a Quality Model in Chapters 2 and 3, which describes the establishment of a wood combustion system in six phases. Eleven Management Aspects are differentiated, which can be helpful during the conversion of a project. Thus, potential investors and operators of wood combustion plants become acquainted with the most important aspects of this kind of project conversion. In addition, Chapter 4 provides an overview of the operating costs of wood combustion plants. The relevant licensing and planning procedures depending on the installed capacity and fuelwood use are comprehensively described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 supplies a concrete overview of the environmental aspects and emissions of wood combustion. Since wood combustion plants must be - as all other investments - financially secured Chapter 7 provides a description of the relevant information on public means and subsidies. Besides all important promotion programmes, the new German Renewable Energy Law (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz - EEG) of April 2000 is described in detail. Many examples of already realised wood combustion plant projects are described in Chapter 8. As an additional service, all significant addresses from ministries to energy agencies and associations are listed in Chapter 9. (orig.)

Desiccative and evaporative cooling systems in the field of energy change; Planung und Wirtschaftlichkeit von DEC-Anlagen im Umfeld der Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mai, Ronny [ILK Dresden gGmbH, Dresden (Germany). Bereich Luft- und Klimatechnik

2013-06-15

Desiccative and evaporative cooling systems are established on the market since a few years. They are energy efficient, they can use renewable energy and replace conventional compression cooling systems. Their primary energy demand is up to one-third below the demand of conventional air conditioning systems. Nevertheless there is a big difference on the market. The sales have been stagnating for years, although the energy change requires efficient and sustainable technologies in this Article, the existing prejudices and their thrift are discussed. (orig.)

Partial air conditioning in the production hall of VW-Mechatronics. Part 2; Teilklima-Anlagen in der Fertigungshalle VW-Mechatronic. Teil 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stroeder, R. [BKI Brab und Kahl Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Aachen (Germany)

2005-07-01

While part 1 presented the technical facilities for mechanical production and air filtering, part 2 describes the assembly section with the clean room and the space HVAC systems for testing, measuring, and auxiliary rooms. (orig.)

More efficient resource utilization of geothermal plants. Technical possibilities and their assessment; Effizientere Ressourcenausnutzung geothermischer Anlagen. Technische Moeglichkeiten und deren Bewertung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kock, Nils; Kaltschmitt, Martin [Technische Univ. Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. fuer Umwelttechnik und Energiewirtschaft

2011-12-15

The geological conditions in Germany allow maximum temperatures between 160 to 170 C free well head taking techno-economic constraint into consideration. This makes an electricity production for purely technical reasons possible, but only with low efficiencies due to physical constraints. That's why it assault big amounts of waste heat. For example, the existing geothermal power plants in Germany provide in average 18% of electricity and 82% of heat. This heat is use so far only to a very small degree. Even is a district heating system is operated to supply private households, this heat is used with less than 2.500 h per year. That's why the still hot thermal water is press back into the underground without any further utilization. For these reasons to achieve a technical and economic optimization it should be the aim to find different reasonable options to use this waste heat. One possibility is the coupling with a drying process at the location of the geothermal plant. Such options will be analyzed from a technical and economic point of view and some conclusions will be drawn. (orig.)

Earthing - Lightning protection - Equipotential bonding. Involvement of photovoltaic power plants at buildings; Erdung - Blitzschutz - Potentialausgleich. Einbindung von Photovoltaik-Anlagen auf Gebaeuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hemmann, Bjoern; Mausser, Bettina

2011-09-15

There are large uncertainties and different views in the consideration of equipotential bonding, grounding and lightning protection for photovoltaic systems. With this in mind, the contribution under consideration reports on why, when and how photovoltaic systems at buildings must be grounded. The authors report on a grounding of photovoltaic systems from the perspective of the protective grounding, from the view of functional grounding, from the view of lightning protection and frame grounding. At best, the metal frame of a photovoltaic system always is connected with the main earth bar using 16 mm{sup 2} copper. At excessive discharge currents, the module frame must be grounded forever.

Facility management - from internal conditioner to successful business sector; Facility Management - vom internen Fitmacher zum erfolgreichen Geschaeftsfeld

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoenberg, I. [Mannheimer Versorgungs- und Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVV), Mannheim (Germany)

1999-04-01

The deregulation of the energy markets has given rise to sustained motion in the prevailing structures and market conditions of the supply industry. Dramatic declines in profits in the electricity sector have, in many companies, prompted reflex-like cost reduction programs which, however, frequently prejudice long-term growth prospects and viable future structures in favour of the results of the next fiscal year. The danger of sacrificing all flexibility and therefore market perspectives by corporate anorexia nervosa is immense. The MVV Energie AG, Mannheim, has reacted speedily to this situation and is pursuing a growth-oriented strategy which regards the challenges of competition as opportunity for on-going development. (orig.) [Deutsch] Kapitaldienst oder Miete, Energie, Wartung und Instandsetzung technischer Anlagen, Gebaeudeunterhalt-, -reinigung, Sicherheitsdienste, Versicherungen und vieles mehr uebersteigen ueber Jahre hinweg kumuliert die Baukosten um ein vielfaches und erhoehen bei Immobilieneigentuemern und -nutzern den Kostendruck. Beim Facility Management (FM) stehen nicht mehr nur die Investitionskosten fuer ein Gebaeude im Vordergrund, sondern sein gesamter Lebenszyklus, beginnend mit Idee, Konzeption und Investitionsentscheidung ueber Planung und Errichtung. Nutzung inklusive spaeterer Umbauten und Sanierungen bis hin zu Abriss und Neubau. Mit ihrer Dienstleistung FM bietet die MVV Energie AG ihren Kunden Gesamtkonzeption von der Beratung ueber die Planung und Umsetzung bis hin zur Uebernahme des FM an. (orig.)

Utilities` view about NDT-trends; Entwicklungstendenzen in der ZfP aus Betreibersicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansch, M.K.T.; Broecker, B. [PreussenElektra AG (Germany)

1999-08-01

Nondestructive testing of nuclear plant components has become an increasingly important part in the performance of ISI activities. A change can be observed over recent years in ISI planning in that there is a trend towards placing more emphasis on component risk informed in-service inspection and online monitoring of components in response to operating history and conditions. Within the framework of the basic safety and in-service inspection concept, NDT and online monitoring of components are redundant, though important measures. This change of approach is a reaction to the advancements in the technical development of NDT methods and capabilities as well as related aspects, such as equipment and techniques for preparation, performance, and evaluation of inspections and subsequent data processing. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung in den nuklearen Anlagen ist in den letzten Jahren immer mehr ins Rampenlicht getreten. Die betriebsbedingte Vorgehensweise bei der WKP ist im Rahmen der Betriebsueberwachung der Komponenten eine Tendenz zu einer kausalen wiederkehrenden Pruefung innerhalb des Basissicherheitskonzeptes, das die Betriebsueberwachung und die zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung als redundante Massnahmen involviert. Begleitet wird das o.g. Vorgehen von der technischen Entwicklung der zerstoerungsfreien Prueftechniken und deren Randgebiete, die die Vorbereitung, die Durchfuehrung, die Bewertung und die weitere Datenverwendung betreffen. (orig.)

Official dosimetry with individual electronic dosemeters - the concept in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Czarwinski, R.; Kaulard, J.; Pfeffer, W.

2005-01-01

Full text: Presently, in Germany passive dosemeters (film batches, RPL, TLD) are used for the official individual monitoring of occupational exposed personal. The application of electronic individual dosemeters (EPD) is carried out mainly for the operative radiation protection control particularly in nuclear power engineering companies, big hospitals und research centres. This means in such institutions double monitoring exists - legally and operatively. A crucial advantage of EPD compared to passive dosemeter is the possibility to adapt the monitoring period to the working time in the control area, e.g. a job related monitoring is available. Germany started a project for an optimized implementation of EPD into the official dosimetry. Objective of the project whose results will be described in the paper is the harmonization of radiation protection of companies workers and outside workers concerning the record of individual and job related exposures. The approval of the EPD by the Federal and Laender authorities as an official dosimetric system demands the implementation of special requirements concerning the data acquisition, data transfer and data evaluation. These issues are focuses of the Federal research project, supervised by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) and performed by the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Cologne to develop a concept in the first stage. (author)

Device diagnosis in support of asset management. PROFIBUS responds to user demands for more simplified diagnosis; Mit Geraetediagnose zum Asset Management. PROFIBUS reagiert auf den Anwenderwunsch nach Straffung der Feldgeraetediagnose

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diedrich, C. [Institut fuer Automation und Kommunikation e.V., Barleben (Germany); Jecht, U. [UJ Prozessanalytik, Baden-Baden (Germany); Oestreich, V. [PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V., Karlsruhe (Germany); Rachut, H. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany); Tepper, C.J. [Endress und Hauser Process Solutions AG, Reinach (Switzerland)

2004-04-01

Diagnosis information of intelligent field devices represents an important economic potential of fieldbus systems in the process industry. This issue is of high actuality and diversity: Manufacturers of field devices intend to implement more and more diagnosis functionalities, fieldbus organisations are trying to harmonize them, and users, based on experiences from many plants, request increasingly more simple and more unified information. PROFIBUS International has quickly responded on these concerns and presents a proposal for PROFIBUS PA, the PROFIBUS solution for Process Automation, how to reduce and focus the high amount of diagnosis information from field devices to an applicable extent. (orig.) [German] In verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen mit Feldbusinstallationen stellen die aus den Feldgeraeten erhaeltichen Informationen ein bedeutendes Nutzenpotenzial dar. Das Thema ist von hoher Dynamik und Vielfalt gepraegt. Die Hersteller ruesten ihre intelligenten Geraete mit immer mehr Funktionen zur Bereitstellung von Informationen fuer Diagnosezwecke aus, die Feldbusorganisationen bemuehen sich um deren herstelleruebergreifende Festlegung, und die Anwender formulieren auf Basis von Praxiserfahrungen ihre Wuensche nach mehr Einfachheit und Einheitlichkeit der 'Informationsflut'. Die PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. hat dieser Situation Rechnung getragen und legt fuer die Diagnose bei Feldgeraeten der Prozesstechnik (PROFIBUS PA) einen Vorschlag zur Straffung und Anpassung an die Anwenderwuensche vor. (orig.)

OECD/CSNI specialist meeting on nuclear aerosols in reactor safety - Summary and Conclusions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allelein, Hans-Josef; Boulaud, Denis; Guentay, Salih; Dehbi, Abdelouahab; Hontanon, Esther; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Jones, Alan V.; Koroll, Grant W.; Tinkler, Charles G.; Schaperow, J.; Royen, Jacques

1999-01-01

The Third OECD Specialist Meeting on Nuclear Aerosols in Reactor Safety was organised in Cologne, Germany, from 15-18 June 1998, in collaboration with the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH. It was attended by sixty-five specialists representing thirteen OECD Member countries and the Commission of the European Communities. Thirty-nine papers were presented, in eight sessions. The meeting was concluded by a general discussion devoted to the following topics: - What has been solved up to the level of plant applications and accident management? - Where is more work needed for plant applications? Over the last eight years significant progress has been made in source term modelling and code development. Results have been consolidated in codes which are being used for plant calculations to address safety issues. For example, two countries used their source term codes last year to assess the impact of heating from deposited fission products on the potential for steam generator tube rupture. Also, another source term code was used to assess the need of sprays for fission product removal in the proposed design of a new type of reactor. Over the next few years, experiments and model development will continue, with more emphasis on application to risk-important severe accident scenarios

Combination of biological treatment of waste air and liquid effluents in small and medium-sized businesses by using spherical carrier media in exchange with each other. Final report; Kombination der biologischen Behandlung von Abluft- und Abwasserreinigung in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen durch die Verwendung von kugeligen Traegermaterialien im gegenseitigen Austausch. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kunz, P.M.; Brunk, M.; Bentz, P.; Bach, K.; Marcos del Rio, O.; Stahl, B.; Wolf, C.

2002-05-08

A combined system for biological treatment of solvent-contaminated liquid and gaseous effluents was to be constructed. The system was to be mobile for demonstration purposes in industrial processes and was to serve for dimensioning of full-scale systems. The system works by a combined process via exchange of spherical carriers with a growth of micro-organisms. Two pilot systems of the Institut fuer Biologische Verfahrenstechnik, one for liquid and one for gaseous effluents, were combined for this purpose, ensuring exchange of carrier materials between the two units. (orig.) [German] Aufgabe im Rahmen dieses F+E-Vorhabens war es gewesen, eine kombinierte biologische Abluft- und Abwasserreinigungsanlage - speziell fuer loesungsmittelhaltige Abluft und Abwaesser - zu untersuchen. Dazu sollte eine Anlage aufgebaut werden, die auch als Demonstrations- und Versuchsanlage zu Industriebetrieben gebracht und dort zur Dimensionierung von full-scale-Anlage eingesetzt werden kann. Idee fuer dieses Vorhaben war gewesen, die Kombination beider Behandlungssysteme ueber den Austausch von mit Mikroorganismen bewachsenem Traegermaterial herzustellen. Am Institut fuer Biologische Verfahrenstechnik existierte bereits eine Pilotanlage fuer die biologische Abwasserreinigung mit kugeligem Traegermaterial (Vario-Bio-Reaktor) und eine Pilotanlage fuer die biologische Behandlung von Abluft nach dem Trickling-Filter-Prinzip mit ebenfalls kugeligem Traegermaterial. Diese beiden Anlagen sollten miteinander kombiniert und der Austausch des Traegermaterials hergestellt werden. (orig.)

Annual report on Reactor Safety Research Projects sponsored by the Ministry of Economics and Technology of the Federal Republic of Germany. Reporting period 1999. Progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-01-01

Within its competence for energy research, the Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology) sponsors investigations into the safety of nuclear power plants. The objective of these investigations is to provide fundamental knowledge, procedures and methods to contribute to realistic safety assessments of nuclear installations, to the further development of safety technology and to make use of the potential of innovative safety-related approaches. The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMWi, continuously issues information on the status of such investigations by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work and are published by the Research Management Division of GRS within the framework of general information on the progress in reactor safety research. The compilation of the reports is classified according to the classification system ''Joint Safety Research Index'' of the CEC (commission of the European communities). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers. (orig.)

Mechatronics. Fundamentals and applications of technical systems. 2. upd. and enl. ed.; Mechatronik. Grundlagen und Anwendungen technischer Systeme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Czichos, Horst

2008-07-01

The book directs to college students and engineers in practice. Presentation of practical applications like e.g. CD-players, industry robots, automobile sensorics. THe actual edition was completed by medicinal engineering. The main topics are: fundamentals on data processing; technical communication; test engineering; quality management; materials engineering; mechanical systems; production of mechanical systems; fundamentals on electrical engineering; electric machines and devices; control systems; remote systems in automation engineering; mechatronic systems and their installation, commissioning and maintenance. (GL) [German] Dieses Fachbuch beschreibt mit aussagekraeftigen Abbildungen kurz und praegnant die Grundlagen und Anwendungen der Mechatronik: von der Makro- und Mikrotechnik bis hin zur Nanotechnik. Erstmalig wird durchgaengig eine ganzheitlich-systemtechnische Behandlung mechatronischer Systeme vorgenommen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt in der Darstellung von Praxisanwendungen wie z. B. CD-Player, Industrieroboter, Automobilsensorik. Die aktuelle Auflage wurde um die Entwicklungsmethodik fuer mechatronische Systeme und ein neues Kapitel Medizintechnik ergaenzt. Ausserdem wurden die Grundlagen vertieft (z. B. Magneto- und Optoelektronik in der Mechatronik) sowie die Anzahl der Anwendungsbeispiele erweitert. Aus dem Inhalt Teil A Grundlagen: Uebersicht - Einfuehrung in die systemtechnische Methodik - Modellbildung mechatronischer Systeme - Regelung und Steuerung - Sensorik - Aktorik Teil B Anwendungen: Maschinenbau - Positionierungstechnik und Robotik - Produktionstechnik - Feinwerktechnik - Audio-Video-Technik - Computertechnik - Fahrzeugtechnik - Medizintechnik - Bauliche Anlagen. (orig.)

Combining mechanical-biological residual waste treatment plants with the carbonisation-combustion process; Kombination MBA mit dem Schwel-Brenn-Verfahren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diekmann, J.; Wiehn, G. [Siemens AG Unternehmensbereich KWU, Erlangen (Germany). Bereich Energieerzeugung

1998-09-01

The disposal market for household waste is strongly influenced by the legal framework governing it. A further factor that makes it difficult for the authorities responsible for disposal to decide on residual waste disposal by means of thermal or mechanical-biological treatment plants is the downward pressure on disposal prices from inexpensive, underused landfills. This makes it all the more important for a future-oriented waste management to develop a both economically and ecologically optimised waste disposal concept. In this situation there is much in favour of adopting a concept consisting of a combination of mechanical, mechanical-biological, and thermal treatment which takes due account of waste disposal concepts at the regional and supraregional scale. [Deutsch] Der Entsorgungsmarkt fuer Siedlungsabfaelle wird stark durch die Entwicklung der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen beeinflusst. Hinzu kommt, dass der Entscheidungsprozess der oeffentlichen Entsorgungstraeger zur Restabfallentsorgung mittels thermischer oder mechanisch-biologischer Anlagen durch den Druck auf die Entsorgungspreise aufgrund der kostenguenstigen, nicht ausgelasteten Deponien erschwert wird. Umso mehr muss das Ziel einer zukunftsorientierten Abfallwirtschaft sein, unter oekonomischen und oekologischen Gesichtspunkten ein optimiertes Abfallkonzept aufzubauen. Hier kann es sehr hilfreich sein, sich eines Konzeptes, bestehend aus der Kombination von mechanischer, mechanisch-biologischer und thermischer Behandlung unter Beruecksichtigung des regionalen und ueberregionalen Abfallkonzeptes zu bedienen. (orig./SR)

Validation of CESAR Thermal-hydraulic Module of ASTEC V1.2 Code on BETHSY Experiments

Science.gov (United States)

Tregoures, Nicolas; Bandini, Giacomino; Foucher, Laurent; Fleurot, Joëlle; Meloni, Paride

The ASTEC V1 system code is being jointly developed by the French Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) and the German Gesellschaft für Anlagen und ReaktorSicherheit (GRS) to address severe accident sequences in a nuclear power plant. Thermal-hydraulics in primary and secondary system is addressed by the CESAR module. The aim of this paper is to present the validation of the CESAR module, from the ASTEC V1.2 version, on the basis of well instrumented and qualified integral experiments carried out in the BETHSY facility (CEA, France), which simulates a French 900 MWe PWR reactor. Three tests have been thoroughly investigated with CESAR: the loss of coolant 9.1b test (OECD ISP N° 27), the loss of feedwater 5.2e test, and the multiple steam generator tube rupture 4.3b test. In the present paper, the results of the code for the three analyzed tests are presented in comparison with the experimental data. The thermal-hydraulic behavior of the BETHSY facility during the transient phase is well reproduced by CESAR: the occurrence of major events and the time evolution of main thermal-hydraulic parameters of both primary and secondary circuits are well predicted.

Severe accident analysis in a two-loop PWR nuclear power plant with the ASTEC code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sadek, Sinisa; Amizic, Milan; Grgic, Davor

2013-01-01

The ASTEC/V2.0 computer code was used to simulate a hypothetical severe accident sequence in the nuclear power plant Krsko, a 2-loop pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant. ASTEC is an integral code jointly developed by Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN, France) and Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS, Germany) to assess nuclear power plant behaviour during a severe accident. The analysis was conducted in 2 steps. First, the steady state calculation was performed in order to confirm the applicability of the plant model and to obtain correct initial conditions for the accident analysis. The second step was the calculation of the station blackout accident with a leakage of the primary coolant through degraded reactor coolant pump seals, which was a small LOCA without makeup capability. Two scenarios were analyzed: one with and one without the auxiliary feedwater (AFW). The latter scenario, without the AFW, resulted in earlier core damage. In both cases, the accident ended with a core melt and a reactor pressure vessel failure with significant release of hydrogen. In addition, results of the ASTEC calculation were compared with results of the RELAP5/SCDAPSIM calculation for the same transient scenario. The results comparison showed a good agreement between predictions of those 2 codes. (orig.)

Technical and economic practicability of novel flywheel mass storage systems in electricity supply networks; Technisch-wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit von neuartigen Schwungmassenspeicher-Systemen (SMSS) in elektrischen Netzen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bornemann, H J; Baeumer, U; Kaiser, A; Gruener, A; Gutt, H J; Hampel, R; Heyder, B; Kleimaier, M; Radtke, U; Sachse, H; Schlechter, V; Schrepfer, W; Worlitz, F

1998-12-31

Efficient storage of electrical energy is an increasing need. New developments in high-power electronics, high-strength materials and magnetic bearings have made efficient reliable flywheel mass storage systems in the range of 1-5 MfW/50-150 kWh conceivable. According to a first assessment, these systems may provide energy to the supply grid in a range of seconds and thus ensure frequency maintenance and compensation of short interruptions. The authors present first results of a preliminary study preparatory to a feasibility study on the technical and economic practicability of flywheel mass storage systems. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Thema effiziente Speicherung von elektrischer Energie gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung. Durch neuere Entwicklungen in der Leistungselektronik und bei der Herstellung hochfester Werkstoffe sowie durch Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung von beruehrungsfreien Lagern im Bereich der aktiven Magnetlager (AML) und insbesondere supraleitenden Magnetlager (SML) sind effiziente und sichere Schwungmassenspeicher-Systeme (SMSS) bis in die Bereiche 1-5 MW/50-150 kWh denkbar. Nach einer ersten Einschaetzung eignen sich solche Anlagen, um im Sekundenbereich Energie in das Netz abzugeben und somit zur Frequenzstuetzung und zur Kompensation von Kurzunterbrechungen beizutragen. Praesentiert werden erste Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur Vorbereitung einer Machbarkeitsstudie ueber die technisch-wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit von Schwungmassenspeicher-Systemen. (orig.)

Control-technical optimization of topped denitrification through fuzzy control; Regelungstechnische Optimierung der vorgeschalteten Denitrifikation durch Anwendung von Fuzzy-Control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, U. [Hydroplan Ingenieurgesellschaft, Worms (Germany); Poepel, H.J. [Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany). Inst. WAR - Wasserversorgung, Abwassertechnik, Abfalltechnik, Umwelt- und Raumplanung

1999-07-01

The present paper describes complex fuzzy systems for controlling nitrogen elimination at plants with topped denitrification. For the design and testing of the fuzzy systems, dynamic simulation calculations and experimental tests were carried out in a semi-technical pilot plant. The controlling fuzzy systems indicate the supposed oxygen values for individual tank areas and the most appropriate partitioning of the activated sludge tank (anoxic/aerobic zone) as a function of the input quantities used. It is established that, with the more flexible control behaviour, a more stable nitrogen elimination and, at the same time, a cut in the amount of air transferred to the system can be attained in comparison with a conventional control. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden komplexe Fuzzy-Systeme zur Regelung der Stickstoffelimination in Anlagen mit vorgeschalteter Denitrifikation vorgestellt. Zum Entwurf und zur Erprobung der Fuzzy-Systeme wurden dynamische Simulationsrechnungen und experimentelle Untersuchungen an einer halbtechnischen Versuchsanlage durchgefuehrt. Die uebergeordneten Fuzzy-Systeme geben in Abhaengigkeit der verwendeten Eingangsgroessen Sauerstoffsollwerte fuer die einzelnen Beckenbereiche und die jeweils guenstigste Aufteilung des Belebungsbeckens (anoxische/aerobe Zone) vor. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch das flexible Reglerverhalten eine stabilere Stickstoffelimination und gleichzeitig eine Einsparung an eingetragener Luftmenge im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Regelsystem erreicht werden kann. (orig.)

Monitoring of organic loads at waste water treatment plant with due consideration of factual necessity, technical feasibility and statutory requirements; Erfassung der organischen Belastung bei Abwasserreinigungsanlagen unter Beachtung der fachlichen Notwendigkeit, der technischen Moeglichkeiten und der gesetzlichen Auflagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumann, P. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserbau, Wasserguete- und Abfallwirtschaft

1999-07-01

Between the statutory requirement and factual necessity for monitoring organic loads in waste water discharged to municipal and industrial waste water treatment plant and effluents from these there are substantial discrepancies. The paper points out the different approaches and gives recommendations on how to proceed in the future. At plant with stable nitrification, self and external monitoring for BOD{sub 5} can be distinctly reduced without fear of impaired process transparency or water quality. Monitoring organic loads online is little expedient technically, especially where effluent from municipal sewage treatment plants is concerned. But in the industrial sector there exist the most diverse applications with a view to carbon elimination. (orig.) [German] Zwischen den gesetzlichen Anforderungen und der fachlichen Notwendigkeit bei der Erfassung der organischen Belastung im Zu- und Ablauf von kommunalen und industriellen Klaeranlagen bestehen erhebliche Diskrepanzen. In diesem Beitrag werden die unterschiedlichen Ansaetze aufgezeigt und Empfehlungen fuer die zukuenftige Vorgehensweise gegeben. Bei Anlagen mit stabiler Nitrifikation ist die Selbst- wie Fremdueberwachung bezueglich BSB{sub 5} deutlich zu reduzieren, ohne dass Einbussen fuer Prozesstransparenz und Gewaesserqualitaet zu erwarten sind. Die online-Ueberwachung der organischen Belastung ist insbesondere bei Ablaeufen in kommunalen Klaeranlagen fachlich wenig sinnvoll, im Bereich der industriellen Abwasserreinigung ergeben sich dafuer bei dem Reinigungsziel der Kohlenstoffelimination dagegen verschiedenste Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten. (orig.)

Safety in pipeline systems. Prevention of pressure shocks and cavitation shocks; Sichere Rohrleitungssysteme. Vermeidung von Druckstoessen und Kavitationsschlaegen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prasser, H.-M. [Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany); Dudlik, Andreas; Schoenfeld, Sri Budi Handajani; Apostolidis, Alexander; Schlueter, Stefan [Fraunhofer-Institut UMSICHT, Oberhausen (Germany)

2002-06-01

The Fraunhofer institute UMSICHT, Oberhausen, and Rossendorf research centre FZR investigated the causes and consequences of pressure shocks and cavitation shocks and ways to prevent them. The experimental set-up and software tools were made available. New methods for preventing pressure shocks and cavitation shocks were developed, and armatures were developed on this basis which are also suited for retrofitting. [German] In Rohrleitungssystemen koennen durch instationaere Stroemungsvorgaenge gefaehrliche Betriebsbedingungen entstehen, die infolge von mehrfach erhoehtem Systemdruck und von Lasteintraegen in Halterungen Mensch und Umwelt erheblich schaedigen. Je nach Industriebranche koennen unterschiedliche betriebsbedingte Ursachen zu sog. Druckstoessen, Kavitations- und Kondensationsschlaegen fuehren, z.B. Kontaktkondensation von Dampf und Wasser oder ploetzliche Aenderung der Fluessigkeitsgeschwindigkeit. Das Fraunhofer-Institut UMSICHT in Oberhausen und das Forschungszentrum Rossendorf FZR untersuchen Ursachen, Folgen und Moeglichkeiten zur Vermeidung von Druckstoessen und Kavitationsschlaegen. Hierzu stehen Versuchsanlagen unterschiedlichen Massstabs sowie Softwaretools zur Verfuegung. Aus den Forschungsergebnissen wurden neue Methoden zur Vermeidung von Druckstoessen und Kavitationsschlaegen entwickelt. Hierbei werden neue oder vorhandene Absperrarmaturen mit einem hydraulischen Bremssystem ausgeruestet und mit einer Rueckschlagklappe kombiniert angeordnet. Das System gilt auch fuer bereits existierende Anlagen als besonders geeignet, da es keine Hilfsenergie benoetigt und sich an Aenderungen der Systemparameter Druck und Fliessgeschwindigkeit selbststaendig anpasst. (orig.)

Review of advances in human reliability analysis of errors of commission-Part 2: EOC quantification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reer, Bernhard

2008-01-01

In close connection with examples relevant to contemporary probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), a review of advances in human reliability analysis (HRA) of post-initiator errors of commission (EOCs), i.e. inappropriate actions under abnormal operating conditions, has been carried out. The review comprises both EOC identification (part 1) and quantification (part 2); part 2 is presented in this article. Emerging HRA methods in this field are: ATHEANA, MERMOS, the EOC HRA method developed by Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), the MDTA method and CREAM. The essential advanced features are on the conceptual side, especially to envisage the modeling of multiple contexts for an EOC to be quantified (ATHEANA, MERMOS and MDTA), in order to explicitly address adverse conditions. There is promising progress in providing systematic guidance to better account for cognitive demands and tendencies (GRS, CREAM), and EOC recovery (MDTA). Problematic issues are associated with the implementation of multiple context modeling and the assessment of context-specific error probabilities. Approaches for task or error opportunity scaling (CREAM, GRS) and the concept of reference cases (ATHEANA outlook) provide promising orientations for achieving progress towards data-based quantification. Further development work is needed and should be carried out in close connection with large-scale applications of existing approaches

Description of dedusting in wet flue gas scrubbers with purposeful utilization of the secondary dispersion; Detailliertere Simulation der Staubabscheidung in Nasswaeschern durch Beruecksichtigung der Sekundaerdispersion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feldkamp, M.; Lessmann, B.; Neumann, J.; Fahlenkamp, H. [Dortmund Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl Umwelttechnik

2003-07-01

Modern wet gas scrubbers are used in the power plant technology for the flue gas desulphurisation of coal-fired plants. For this the washing liquid is sprayed by numerous nozzles. The specific arrangement of the nozzles in several levels makes it possible for the spray to penetrate mutually. The penetration and overlapping of the spray in the wet scrubber causes the effect of secondary dispersion. This effect can be used effectively to improve the efficiency of the atomisation and to improve the absorption of the pollution gases in a flue gas desulphurisation scrubber. Analyses show that the cleaning efficiency of a wet scrubber depends on the distribution and the size of the drops. (orig.) [German] Moderne Gaswaescher werden in der Kraftwerkstechnik fuer die Rauchgasentschwefelung kohlebefeuerter Anlagen eingesetzt. Hierzu wird Waschfluessigkeit mit Hilfe zahlreicher Duesen zerstaeubt. Eine gezielte Anordnung der Duesen in mehreren Spruehebenen ermoeglicht es den Sprays der Duesen, sich gegenseitig zu durchdringen. Der Effekt der Sekundaerdisperson, der beim Ueberschneiden und Durchdringen der Sprays waehrend der Zerstaeubung im Rauchgaswaescher auftritt, laesst sich wirksam zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades einer Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlage nutzen. Durchgefuehrte Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Reinigungsleistung eines nassen REA-Waeschers von der Verteilung und der Groesse der Tropfen abhaengt. (orig.)

Early embryonic development of the head region of Gryllus assimilis Fabricius, 1775 (Orthoptera, Insecta).

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yu; Maas, Andreas; Waloszek, Dieter

2010-09-01

We report our investigations on the embryonic development of Gryllus assimilis, with particular attention to the head. Significant findings revealed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images include: (1) the pre-antennal lobes represent the anterior-most segment that does not bear any appendages; (2) each of the lobes consists of central and marginal regions; (3) the central region thereof develops into the protocerebrum and the optic lobes, whereas the marginal region thereof becomes the anterior portion of the head capsule; (4) the initial position of the antennal segment is posterior to the mouth region; (5) appendage anlagen are transitorily present in the intercalary segment, and they later vanish together with the segment itself; (6) a bulged sternum appears to develop from the ventral surface of the mandibular, maxillary and labial segments. Embryonic features are then compared across the Insecta and further extended to the embryos of a spider (Araneae, Chelicerata). Striking similarities shared by the anterior-most region of the insect and spider embryos lead the authors to conclude that such comparison should be further undertaken to cover the entire Euarthropoda. This will help us to understand the embryology and evolution of the arthropod head. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sustainable development in the Gruenau-Werdwies quarter, Zurich; Nachhaltige Quartierentwicklung Gruenau-Werdwies Zuerich; Auswirkungen der Ersatzneubauten Bernerstrasse Werdwies - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jenny, A.; Ott, W.

2009-12-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) examines the effects of new, replacement residential buildings in the Bernerstrasse in Zurich, Switzerland. The authors state that this replacement development project is exemplary for sustainable residential development, incorporating ecological solutions for building and mobility, addressing financial and social aspects and allowing resident participation. The report includes the results of surveys made among the residents of the area and compares the Werdwies quarter with the whole area's social structures and mobility aspects. The quarter's energy consumption is discussed on the basis of a result checking survey. Finally, the findings of the project are discussed.

NOS module - reducing the nitrogen oxides and dust emissions of wood-fired systems; NOS-Modul. Installation und Test - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salerno, B.

2005-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project that examined the potential of reducing dust and nitrogen oxides emissions of biomass-fired systems. Two prototype installations are described with capacities of 70 - 300 kW and 150 - 500 kW, the latter being a mobile installation installed together with a silo in a container. The prototypes can burn problematical biomass such as cereals, chicken droppings, damp wood-chippings and straw. Various factors and configurations influencing the formation of emissions are examined. Cyclone technology, a catalyst using chrome-nickel shavings and a ceramic heat-exchanger are discussed. Measurements made are presented in tabular and graphical form and discussed.

Development of a 'passive-house' facade element with vacuum insulation; Entwicklung eines Passivhausfassadenelements mit Vakkum-Daemmung - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jordi, M. [Renggli AG, Schoetz (Switzerland); Erb, M. [Dr. Eicher und Pauli AG, Liestal (Switzerland); Ragonesi, M. [Ragonesi Strobel und Partner, Luzern (Switzerland)

2007-07-01

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the development of a 'passive-house' facade element that uses vacuum insulation panels. The construction of the elements and the ideas behind it are discussed. The evaluation of different designs and the choice of the version to be manufactured are looked at. A demonstration element using the technology is presented and commented on. The results obtained are discussed and the cost-benefit calculation is presented. Further, various factors such as ecology and life-cycle analysis, protection against damp, fire and noise and an estimate of the system's durability are discussed.

Building materials and systems with vacuum insulation panels for external walls; Bauelemente und Systeme mit VIP fuer Aussenwandkonstruktionen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Binz, A; Steinke, G

2007-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at materials and systems using vacuum insulation panels (VIP) for the construction of external walls. The aim of this research project was the development, practical use and market introduction of VIP systems that take account of the special properties of VIP. Along with partners in industry, applications involving external and internal insulation were examined. The need for protecting the vacuum panels against mechanical damage is stressed. The specific needs for the protection of external and internal applications are discussed. The dynamic developments in this relatively new area are commented on. Various mounting systems are examined and commented on. The thermal properties of such insulation systems and applications are noted and commented on.

Planning geological underground repositories - Communicating with society; Sachplan geologische Tiefenlager - Forschungsprojekt 'Kommunikation mit der Gesellschaft': Wissenschaftlicher Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schenkel, W. [synergo, Mobilitaet-Politik-Raum, Zuerich (Switzerland); Gallego Carrera, D.; Renn, O.; Dreyer, M. [Dialogik gemeinnuetzige GmbH, Kommunikations- und Kooperationsforschung, Stuttgart (Germany)

2009-06-15

The project 'Planning geological underground repositories: Communicating with society', financed by the Swiss Federal Office for Energy, aimed at identifying basic principles for an appropriate information and communication strategy in the process of finding an underground site to store radioactive wastes. The topic concerns an issue increasingly discussed in modern societies: How to improve the dialogue between science, infrastructure operators, public authorities, groups in civil society and the population to answer complex problems? Against this background, in the project the following questions were taken into account: (i) How can the dialogue between science, politics, economy, and the (non-)organised public be arranged appropriately? Which principles are to be considered in organising this process? How can distrust within the population be reduced and confidence in authorities and scientific expertise be increased? (ii) How can society be integrated in the process of decision-making so that this process is perceived as comprehensible, acceptable and legitimate? To answer these questions, an analysis method based on scientific theory and methodology was developed, which compares national participation and communication processes in finding underground storage sites in selected countries. Case studies have been carried out in Germany, Sweden, Belgium, and Switzerland. By using specific criteria to evaluate communication processes, the strong points as well as the drawbacks of the country-specific concepts of information, communication and participation have been analysed in a comparing dimension. By taking into account the outcomes, prototypical scenarios have been deduced that can serve as a basis for compiling a reference catalogue of measures, which is meant to support the Swiss communication strategy in the finding of an appropriate site for a nuclear waste repository. Following conclusions can be drawn from the international comparison: (i) Open and transparent communication builds-up trust: information must be accessible to everyone; experts have to be understandable for everyone. (ii) Actor roles have to be communicated: too many communicators and/or not clearly defined roles diminish credibility. - Communication on regional and local levels has priority: communicators are persons, not anonymous organisations; however, do not forget national communication. (iii) Best communication is public participation: it builds up expertise and ability to judge. (iv) Communication needs sufficient and fair distributed resources. The empirical results of this research project have been translated into a separate brochure with guidelines for the communication throughout the oncoming site selection process in Switzerland. (authors)

Electricity-saving measures for electrical drives - Market analysis; Massnahmen zum Stromsparen bei elektrischen Antrieben. Marktanalyse in der Industrie. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumgartner, W.; Ebert Bolla, O.; Puenzieux, P.

2006-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of work done on an empirical analysis of the results of a small-scale survey of industries as well as on various interviews with experts. Topics covered include the number of electrical motors in use in Switzerland, the number held in reserve, power consumption, part-load and over-dimensioning, operational factors, control strategies and the use of standardised motors. The data collected is presented in tabular and graphical form. Possibilities of making savings are discussed, as are obstacles to such work. Finally, ideas for an efficiency campaign are presented.

Conventional heat distribution systems and their control for room cooling; Konventionelle Waermeabgabesysteme und deren Regulierung fuer die Raumkuehlung - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schnyder, J. [Schnyder-Energie, Energie-Dienstleistungen, Bronschhofen (Switzerland); Feger, D.; Graf, J.; Rusterholtz, R. [Interstaatliche Hochschule fuer Technik Buchs NTB, Buchs (Switzerland); Schoeringhumer, D.; Cenci, D. [Arbonia AG, Arbon (Switzerland); Heule, D. [hps energieconsulting ag, Ingenieurbuero fuer nachhaltige Energie- und Gebaeudetechnik, Kuesnacht (Switzerland)

2009-12-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) examines how conventional heat distribution systems such as radiators and floor heating systems can be used for room cooling and the appropriate control requirements. Thermostatic valves used 'in reverse', their functional testing and the results obtained are discussed. Possibilities for their optimisation are examined. The apparatus used for the measurements made on both radiator and floor-heating systems is reported on and the results obtained are presented and discussed. Further, simulations used are looked at and examples of the results obtained for rooms with varying glazed surfaces are presented and discussed.

Efficient IEC permanent-magnet motor (3 kW) - Final report; Effizienter IEC Permanent-Magnet-Motor (3 kW) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lindegger, M. [Circle Motor AG, Guemligen (Switzerland); Biner, H. P.; Evequoz, B. [Haute Ecole valaisanne, Sion (Switzerland); Salathe, D. [Hochschule Luzern, Technik und Architektur, Horw (Switzerland)

2008-04-15

Efficient permanent-magnet motors achieve in the area up to 100 kW a higher efficiency than induction machines (standard motors). A simple and fast energy saving option is the exchange of inefficient standard motors. The objective of this work is to install a 3 kW permanent-magnet motor in a standard IEC housing and the optimization of the design for high efficiency. Another objective is the development and the realization of an efficient variable speed control. The efficiency of the motor and the inverter with the control system must be demonstrated by tests. These tasks have been split between Circle Motor AG and the universities of applied sciences of Valais and Lucerne. Considering high-efficiency and low manufacturing cost, a brushless DC solution was adopted. This resulted in an optimum design of the motor and the control system realized with a three-phase rectifier, a buck converter with variable DC voltage, and a three-phase inverter feeding full positive and negative current to two of the legs simultaneously. The maximum measured efficiency is about 96.5% for the inverter and 92% for the motor. With the advantage of the variable speed operation, the efficiency of the realized 3 kW permanent magnet motor together with the control system is always higher than the efficiency of a measured class EFF1 induction motor, even with a direct connection to the grid. The permanent-magnet motor is also about 10 kg lighter. The cost calculation shows that the permanent-magnet motor can be competitive with the induction motor when speed control is desired. This is also the domain with the largest potential for energy savings from variable speed pumps, compressors, fans. (author)

Groundwater Energy Designer - Review of basic data and modification; Grundlagendatenueberpruefung und Anpassungen des Groundwater Energy Designer (Teilprojekt Programmoptimierung) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poppei, J.; Mayer, G.; Schwarz, R.

2009-12-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the extension and improvement of the Groundwater Energy Designer programme. A survey of selected existing small and medium sized ground-water heat pump systems formed the basis of the review. In this first phase of the project, a concept for measurement technologies to be used and the software changes necessary are discussed. The changes to the existing programme library to enable operation under Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Mac OSX are discussed. Also user dialogues were revised. New features and changes are presented and discussed, as are the functionality and user interface of the new version.

Hydropower research programme 2008 - 2011; Forschungsprogramm Wasserkraft 2008 - 2011. Schlussbericht zur Entwicklung eines Forschungsprogramms. Aktualisierte Fortschreibung vom September 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jorde, K.

2007-07-01

This revised final report on the development of a research programme for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes the proposals for the development of a concept for Swiss hydropower research activities for the period 2008 - 2011. According to the authors, the new research programme will not only include activities in the small hydropower area, but rather all aspects of hydropower usage, including dams and large hydropower stations. The results of a survey made concerning research and further education in the hydropower area are discussed. These results formed the basis of the new concept. The report also presents a review of the present situation with regard to hydrological questions and dams as well as mechanical and electrical equipment. The education and training of professionals is looked at and national and international co-operation in the hydropower area is also discussed. Future developments are looked at, as are the economic aspects of the use of hydropower. Measures to be taken in the research area are proposed.

High-temperature removal of sulphur for biogenic gas products; Hochtemperatur-Entschwefelung fuer biogene Produktgase. Design und Optimierung - Schlussbericht/Jahresbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schildhauer, T.; Biollaz, S.

2009-12-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project concerning the development of basics ideas on the design and optimisation of high-temperature methods for the removal of sulphur from biogenic gas products. Tests made as part of the 'Methane from Wood' project at pilot installations in Switzerland and Austria are discussed. Low temperature and high-temperature methods are examined and discussed. A number of sulphur compounds were tested. Also, experiments made using nickel, HDS and CPO catalysers are discussed.

Heat recovery from UPS units - Analysis of a first unit and technology assessment; Waermerueckgewinnung in USV-Anlagen. Analyse einer Erstanlage und Potentialabschaetzung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stahl, S.; Schlegel, A.

2009-11-15

UPS units (uninterruptible power supply) generate large heat losses, which have to be dissipated with cooling units. awtec has developed a unique UPS system with integrated heat recovery which was installed in 2001 (Building Gretag/SAP in Regensdorf) and which is still running error-free. With this system the waste heat can be recovered and electrical energy for the refrigeration system can be saved likewise. The measured data shows that during the heating season, the unit transfers virtually all heat loss (about 20 MWh/year) to the space heating system. The building's refrigeration system, however, has its own heat recovery system, so the actual annual energy savings can be estimated to be only about 4 MWh of electricity. The prototype shows that awtec built a robust unit which - given an appropriate cooling and heating system - has the potential for high energy savings (without central heat recovery system: 4 MWh electric + 20 MWh thermal) without increased investment. Based on the UPS heat recovery development, previous projects of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy and a market survey, scenarios for the cooling and heat recovery from UPS units were developed. Since the same concepts also apply to the cooling of servers and other IT components, they were also included in the analysis. The scenario analysis shows that a high potential for savings of electric energy and heat exists in this area. In particular, the direct cooling of the IT components with cooling water offers big benefits for heat recovery and free cooling (cooling without the use of the refrigeration system) compared to conventional air cooling. These direct cooling systems are currently mainly used for special applications or as a fallback in case of overheating problems. Passive cooling through geothermal probes, which are now mainly used for buildings with small heat pump systems, provides an interesting approach to the cooling of IT equipment in accordance with the temperature level. It can further be noted that the cost and CO{sub 2} saving potential of systems with heat recovery, depending on plant size and equipment, may be greater than of the usually preferred free cooling. To realize the great potential to save energy, the solutions have to be known in the market and the planning process of the building has to be conducted interdisciplinary with experts for air-conditioning and heating as well as IT technicians. Today this is not the case. Only by interdisciplinary planning and cross-system thinking the best system can be obtained from available components. (authors)

Simulation of transient hydraulic behaviour of process engineering plant with long pipes. Simulation des instationaeren hydraulischen Verhaltens verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen mit langen Rohrleitungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raschke, E. (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany)); Seelinger, P. (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany)); Sperber, A. (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany)); Strassburger, R. (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany))

1994-05-01

A knowledge of transient flow processes is becoming increasingly important for the reliable design and control of process engineering plant. Transient flow processes occur, of example, in long liquid-carrying pipes: on start-up and shut-down of plant, in emergency shut-downs and fast closure, i.e. when liquid is rapidly decelerated or accelerated. The consequence of such an event is a hammer effect, i.e. a short, often violent change of pressure placing considerable stress on structures. Such hammer effects are readily calculated by numerical methods in single phase media. Technical devices for prevention of inadmissibly high pressure surges can also be designed by means of simulation calculations. However, hammer effects also occur by sudden condensation of vapours. A number of systems in which condensation hammer effects can occur are considered at the end of this contribution. Two special damping measures are presented. (orig.)

Cathodic corrosion protection for the inside areas of metallic plants (KKS-I); Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz fuer die Innenflaechen von metallischen Anlagen (KKS-I)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tenzer, Norbert [TZ-International Corrosion Consulting, Hagen (Germany)

2012-07-01

Cathodic corrosion protection for the inside areas of metallic plants (KKS-I) is a worldwide used technology in order to afford a safe protection of metallic plans against corrosion. This technology is used for plants in the treatment and storage of drinking water, for containers and reaction vessels in the chemical industry, for plants in the oil and gas industry as well as for containers and large-dimension pipelines containing seawater for the cooling of air liquefaction plants, power plants and seawater desalination plants, for examples. Furthermore, there exist further special applications for wastewater systems and biogas plants. The general description of the KKS-I shall supply the information to the operators of appropriate plants, that the cathodic corrosion protection also offers a wide range of applications for the protection of the inside areas of the plants against corrosion. Beside the previously mentioned standard areas of application there exist manifold further possibilities of application for metallic plants. It has to be emphasized that there are application possibilities not only for unalloyed or low alloy steels but also for stainless steels, aluminium, lead, copper, titanium and zinc. The regulation DIN EN 12499 firstly edited in 2003 contains the fundamentals, areas of application and specifications.

Development of a CdTe/CdS solar wafer. Final report; Entwicklung einer CdTe/CdS Duennschicht-Solarzelle. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koentges, M.; Reineck-Koch, R.

2002-07-01

The focus was on the development and optimisation of the close-spaced sublimation process in an inline coating plant for production of stable high-efficiency CdS/CdTe solar wafers. An inline plant was to be constructed by ANTEC GmbH and ISFH. Film layers were to be optimised, and investigations were to show whether processing of single films is possible without breaking the vacuum, e.g. for etching. The results were to be used directly by ANTEC GmbH. An efficiency of 14 percent and an idle voltage of about 850 V were to be achieved with a film thickness of 2 {mu}m. To achieve these goals, the following project stages were envisaged: 1. Replacement of the expensive window material ITO by a less costly material. 2. Higher stability of the back contact by using appropriate intermediate layers. 3. Alternative activation processes other than the conventional CdCl{sub 2} activation. 4. Investigation of the effects of the activation step on the electric properties of the sample. [German] Die uebergreifende Aufgabenstellung des Projektes war die Entwicklung und Optimierung des Close-spaced-Sublimation verfahrens in einer Inline-Beschichtungsanlage fuer die Herstellung stabiler und hocheffizienter CdS/CdTe Duennschichtsolarzellen. Mit dem Wissen der ANTEC GmbH sollte zusammen mit dem ISFH eine Inline-Anlage konzipiert und gebaut werden. Die fuer die Solarzelle notwendigen Einzelschichten sollten in dem Inline-Prozess optimiert werden. Es sollte ermittelt werden, ob eine Prozessierung der Einzelschichten ohne Brechen des Vakuums, z.B. fuer einen Aetzschritt, moeglich ist. Die erzielten Ergebnisse sollen direkt der ANTEC GmbH zufliessen. In dem Projekt wurde als Endziel ein Wirkungsgrad der CdTe/CdS-Duennschichtsolarzelle von 14% und eine Erhoehung der Leerlaufspannung auf Werte um 850 mV angestrebt. Gleichzeitig sollte die CdTe-Schichtdicke auf 2 {mu}m vermindert werden. Um dieses Gesamtziel zu erreichen, sollen folgende Teilaufgaben bearbeitet werden: 1) Das teuere Fenstermaterial ITO soll durch ein kostenguenstiges Material ersetzt werden. 2) Die Stabilitaet des Rueckkontaktes soll durch geeignete Rueckkontaktzwischenschichten erhoeht werden. 3) Alternative Aktivierungsprozesse zur herkoemmlichen CdCl{sub 2}-Aktivierung sollen erprobt werden. 4) Die Auswirkung des Aktivierungsschrittes auf das elektrische Verhalten der Probe soll mit geeigneten Verfahren untersucht werden. (orig.)

Refrigeration systems of high temperature superconduction transformers for rail vehicles. Final report; Kaelteversorgung von Schienenfahrzeug-Transformatoren mit HT-Supraleitung. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glatthaar, R.

2000-09-01

The refrigeration system for the HTS-transformer was designed in cooperation with the transformer manufacturer and the requirements for the refrigerator have been determined. Several active and passive refrigeration systems were investigated, two of them have been elaborated more detailed. All the refrigeration systems are based on the concept of a liquid nitrogen flow rate of 1000 g/s passing through the 6 MVA transformer at a temperature of approx. 66 K and at a pressure of approx. 3 bars. The passive system uses as refrigerant source a tank with liquid nitrogen, weighing approx. 2300 kg and consuming 500 kg liquid nitrogen per day. After evaporating and preheating the nitrogen used exits to atmosphere with a vacuum pump. The active system elaborated more detailed applies a Stirling engine for refrigeration, will weigh 1600 kg and needs an average electric power of 25 kW. The refrigeration system for a transformer of ceramic superconducting material has significant advantages with regard to weight, power consumption and investment costs compared to a transformer of the same size manufactured as metallic superconductors. (orig.) [German] In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Transformatorhersteller wurden die Kaelteversorgung des HTS-Transformators konzipiert und die Anforderungen an die Kaelteanlage festgelegt. Verschiedene sogenannte passive und aktive Systeme fuer die Kaelteversorgung wurden untersucht, zwei davon naeher ausgearbeitet. Die Kuehlkonzepte sehen vor, dass fuer einen Transformator der Leistung 6 MVA ein Strom an fluessigem Stickstoff von 1000 g/s mit einer Temperatur von ca. 66 K und unter einem Druck von rund 3 bar durch den Transformator geleitet wird. Das passive System ist gekennzeichnet durch Einsatz eines Tanks fuer fluessigen Stickstoff als Kaeltequelle, hat ein Gewicht von etwa 2300 kg und einen Verbrauch an fluessigem Stickstoff von 500 kg/Tag. Der Stickstoff wird nach Verdampfung und Anwaermung mit Hilfe einer Vakuumpumpe an die Umgebung abgegeben. Das naeher ausgearbeitete aktive System verwendet eine Stirlingmaschine zur Kaelteerzeugung, hat ein Gewicht von 1600 kg und benoetigt eine elektrische Leistung von im Mittel 25 kW. Die Kaelteversorgung fuer einen Transformator mit keramischen Supraleitern hat hinsichtlich Gewicht, Leistungsbedarf und Investitionskosten deutliche Vorteile gegenueber einem entsprechend grossen Transformator mit metallischen Supraleitern. (orig.)

Competence centre for energy and information technology 1999 -2008 - Supervisory report; Betreuung des Kompetenzzentrums Energie und Informationstechnik 1999-2008 - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aebischer, B

2008-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on work done concerning the supervision of the competence centre for energy and information technology. The potential for increasing the rational use of electrical energy in the ICT domain and in other areas such as consumer electronics are investigated. In the past, Switzerland has played a leading role in investigating and promoting a more rational use of energy in ICT and influenced the design of energy declarations and labels on the global level. The report includes a number of annual reports for the years 1999 to 2008 which also cover not only the electricity consumption of computer centres and communication systems, but also the rational use of electricity in consumer electronics.

Plus-energy school house. The Ekkarthof center for therapeutic pedagogy, Kreuzlingen - Final report; Plusenergie Schulhaus. Heilpaedagogisches Zentrum Ekkharthof Kreuzlingen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boehni, T.; Buser, T.; Benkler, Ch.; Schlegel, M.

2009-12-15

The HPZ Ekkharthof in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland is a 'Plus-Energy School Building' that was built in the end of 2006. Space heating and hot water preparation are provided by a heat pump. A 43.2 kWp photovoltaic power plant on the roof provides electricity for the building and even produces a surplus of energy. To monitor the energy turnover of the building, electricity meters measured photovoltaic energy production, total energy consumption and energy consumption of the heat pump. During the first two years the heat pump was running mostly during the night to keep operation costs low, as the nighttime electricity charges are lower. In the late 2008, the operation time of the heat pump has been shifted towards the peak of photovoltaic production at noon to increase the real-time solar coverage of the building. From a total of 41'518 kWh/y produced by the photovoltaic cells 12'327 kWh/y were fed into the grid as a surplus. The total energy consumption was 29'101 kWh/y, whereof the heat pump used 42%: 12'155 kWh/y (for the period from Dec. 1, 2008 to Nov. 20, 2009; similar values for the other periods). After shifting the heat pump operation time, the total energy-coverage of real-time solar power was 47% while the heat pump ran with real-time solar power 60% of the time. This project shows that a very high degree of grid-independence is possible even in the latitudes of northern Switzerland if a building is thoroughly planned and operated. (authors)

Sustainable development in city districts: BaLaLuZ project - Gundeldinger Feld - Phase 1; Schlussbericht Quartier Gundeldingerfeld Basel - Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Binz, A.; Voyame, J.-P.

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is one of a series of reports concerning municipal development in various cities in Switzerland. The four city districts involved include Basel (Gundeldinger Feld), Lausanne (Bellevaux), Lucerne (Basel-/Bernstrasse) and Zurich (Werdwies). This final report summarises the results of the first phase of the project in Gundeldinger Feld, Basel. In an analysis of the initial situation in the Gundeldinger Feld, ecological and economical aspects are examined as are questions concerning mobility and urban planning. The various players involved are introduced and their expectations reviewed; work done and the involvement of the local inhabitants in the project are looked at. Measures to be taken to realise the visions proposed are discussed and suggestions for projects are made.

Using solar heat to enhance waste-heat use; Solarthermische Abwaermenutzung; Aufwertung von Abwaerme mittels Solarthermie zur Erzeugung hochwertiger Prozessenergie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, R. [BMG Engineering AG, Schlieren (Switzerland); Luzzi, A.; Marty, H. [HSR, Hochschule fuer Technik, SPF Institut fuer Solartechnik, Rapperswil (Switzerland)

2008-12-15

This final report for Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the work done in a project involving the use of solar heat to enhance the use of waste heat at a chemical plant in Nyon, Switzerland. On the basis of a study carried out in 2006/2007, which looked at the reduction of process energy demand of a production site where an agent is produced in batch operation, possibilities for the recovery of waste heat were identified. The relatively low temperatures of the existing waste heat flows have, however, complicated its efficient use. This reflects a problem with waste heat use in industrial processes that can often be observed. Due to the sunny location in Nyon, a concept using solar energy to increase the temperature level of this waste heat has been developed. The objective of this analysis was the technical and economical assessment of such an installation and its transferability to other sites. Variants are presented and their economic viability is discussed.

Switchable insulation for using solar energy in buildings. Final report; Schaltbare Waermedaemmung (SWD) zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie in Gebaeuden. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stark, C.; Horn, R.; Hetfleisch, J.; Fricke, J.

2003-02-25

Solar energy can be used in buildings via use of transparent insulations. But thereby problems occur, like overheating of building walls in summer and heat losses in the cold season. To solve these problems ZAE Bayern has designed and optimized the switchable insulation SWD, the thermal conductivity of which can be changed from highly insulating to conducting. A computer routine was developed to calculate and to optimize the heat gains. The SWD is switched by desorbing/adsorbing as small amount of hydrogen gas. Desorption is facilitated with an electric heating element. The thermal conductivity of the filling can be varied by about a factor of 40. Several SWD-modules were produced and installed in an outside measuring facility. The heat gains and the durability were investigated for three years. The results of the simulation could be verified and ageing did not occur. For an optimal system the heat gains are in the range of 150 kWh/(m{sup 2}a). The mounting of these panels at south facades is simple, especially for post bolt systems. Contrary to transparent systems the loss of heat in winter is very small and the overheating of the walls behind the SWD in summer can be avoided. (orig.) [German] Zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie in Gebaeuden werden bisher transparente Waermedaemmsysteme eingebaut, die jedoch oft mit Problemen wie Wandueberhitzung im Sommer und Waermeverlusten in der kalten Jahreszeit behaftet sind. Zur Loesung dieser Probleme wurde am ZAE Bayern eine schaltbare Waermedaemmung entwickelt und optimiert, deren Daemmeigenschaft je nach Sonneneinstrahlung und Waermebedarf variiert werden kann. Es wurde ein Programm entwickelt, mit dem die Waermegewinne berechnet und optimiert werden koennen. Die Schaltbarkeit wird durch einen Getter ermoeglicht, der eine ungefaehrliche Menge Wasserstoffgas reversibel aufnehmen und abgeben kann. Die Wasserstoff-Austreibung erfolgt mittels elektrischer Heizung und veraendert die Waermeleitfaehigkeit der Fuellung um einen Faktor 40. Mehrere Module wurden hergestellt und in einen Aussenmessstand eingebaut. Die Waermegewinne und Alterungserscheinungen wurde drei Jahre lang untersucht. Die Simulationsergebnisse konnten verifiziert werden, eine Alterung wurde nicht festgestellt. Bei optimaler Systemauslegung sind bis zu 150 kWh/(m{sup 2}a) an Netto-Waermegewinnen zu erwarten. Der Einbau dieser Paneele an Suedfassaden ist speziell bei Pfosten-Riegel Systemen sehr einfach. Die Waermeverluste im daemmenden Zustand sind sehr gering und eine Ueberheizung der dahinterliegenden Raeume im Sommer wird vermieden. (orig.)

Study of the driving processes of frontal precipitation. Final report; Untersuchung der steuernden Prozesse bei der Niederschlagsbildung an Fronten. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, P.; Kraus, H.

1998-04-01

The mesoscale dynamic processes, which contribute to the formation of precipitation in the vicinity of fronts, are investigated using dynamically initialized fields of the EM. Cross-sections perpendicular to 12 fronts elucidate, that the ageostrophic cross-frontal circulation is the dominant dynamical feature of a front. Precipitation develops in the upward branch of this secondary circulation closely related to the humidity budget including three-dimensional advection and source terms. The dynamical mechanisms (deformation- and shear-forcing), which dominate the development of both ageostrophic cross-frontal circulation and precipitation, are of very different type. Primitive models of fronts, like the polar front theory, don`t come up with this variability of the atmospheric forcing. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die mesoskaligen dynamischen Prozesse, die in der Umgebung von Fronten zur Bildung von Niederschlag fuehren, werden mit Hilfe von dynamisch initialisierten Feldern des EM untersucht. In Querschnitten senkrecht zu insgesamt 12 Fronten kristallisiert sich die ageostrophische Querzirkulation als bedeutendstes dynamisches Element einer Front heraus. Im aufsteigenden Ast dieser Sekundaerzirkulation entsteht, in engem Zusammenhang mit dem Haushalt der spezifischen Feuchte mit seinen besonders wichtigen Advektions- und Quelltermen, Niederschlag. Die dynamische Mechanismen (Deformations- und Scherungsforcing), die zur Ausbildung der Querzirkulation fuehren, sind in hohem Masse variabel. Dieser Mannigfaltigkeit des atmosphaerischen Antriebes werden einfache Frontmodelle, wie z.B. die Polarfronttheorie, nicht gerecht. (orig.)

Investigations for assessing the health hazards of dichloromethane exposure. Final report; Untersuchungen zur Abschaetzung des gesundheitlichen Risikos infolge Dichlormethanexposition. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pankow, D. [Halle-Wittenberg Univ., Halle (Germany). Inst. fuer Pharmakologie und Toxikologie

1994-04-01

The oxidative CYP2E1-catalyzed dechlorination of dichloremethane (DCM) is a saturable pathway with high affinity and low capacity. In general, due to increasing DCM concentration in the inhaled air COHb values up to 12% are expected, but higher COHb levels were found according to some case reports. It was the aim of this study to characterize the DCM-derived COHb formation and to test effects of DCM on the cardiovascular system using animal models. The results show that a high CYP2E1 activity correlates with enhanced COHb formation. The COHb formation is inhibited and the DCM level in the blood enhanced after simultaneous exposure to DCM and solvents or drugs known as substrates of CYP2E1. Therefore, the risk assessment of DCM exposure must comprimise a possible additional uptake of a substrate or inducer of CYP2E1. Existing PBPK models proved to be an insufficient description in cases of an accidental scenario, a short exposure to very high concentration of DCM. The moderate CO hypoxia following DCM exposure is determined not only by the carboxyhemoglobinemia but also by an inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Cardiovascular dysfunctions, mainly arrhythmias, are detectable after exposure to relatively high DCM concentration as well as under pathophysiological conditions which per se influenced the cardiovascular system. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die zu CO fuehrende oxydative, CYP2E1-katalysierte Dechlorierung von Dichlormethan (DCM) verfuegt ueber eine hohe Affinitaet bei begrenzter Kapazitaet, es handelt sich um einen saettigbaren Stoffwechselweg. Im allgemeinen werden trotz steigender DCM-Konzentration in der eingeatmeten Luft Werte von 10-12% COHb nicht ueberschritten. Vergiftungsfaelle mit weitaus hoeheren COHb-Spiegeln wurden aber beschrieben. Ziel der tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen war es, die DCM-bedingte COHb-Bildung naeher zu charakterisieren und die Wirkung von DCM auf kardiovaskulaere Funktionen zu pruefen. Die Resultate zeigen, dass es bei Vorliegen erhoehter CYP2E1-Aktivitaet zu erhoehter DCM-bedingter COHb-Bildung kommt. Bei simultaner Einwirkung von Loesungs- und Arzneimitteln, die selbst CYP2E1-Substrat sind, aber die COHb-Bildung bei erhoehten DCM-Spiegeln im Blut vermindert. Das bedeutet, dass sowohl der COHb-Wert von 5% als auch der DCM-Spiegel im Blut von 1 mg/l als BAT-Werte dann besonders kritisch zu bewerten sind, wenn DCM-Exponierte unter zusaetzlicher Einwirkung von Substraten oder Induktoren von CYP2E1 stehen. Unfallszenarien - kurze Expositionen gegenueber sehr hohen DCM-Konzentrationen - lassen sich durch existierende physiologische pharmakokinetische Modelle nicht befriedigend beschreiben. Die moderate Hypoxie nach DCM-Exposition wird nicht allein durch die Carboxyhaemoglobinaemie sondern auch durch eine Hemmung der Cytochromoxydaseaktivitaet determiniert. Der Organismus reagiert mit Stoerungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems erst, wenn wesentlich hoehere DCM-Konzentrationen einwirken als der MAK-Wert, und das gilt auch unter zusaetzlichen pathophysiologischen Bedingungen, die dann per se kardiovaskulaere Veraenderungen bestimmen. DCM-Intoxikationen koennen mit Herzrhythmusstoerungen verbunden sein. (orig.)

Substitution of the CFCs R-11, R-13, R-503, R-13B1, R-113, R-114 and R-12B1 in existing refrigerating, air-conditioning and heat pump systems with refrigerants of low ozone depletion potential in the Federal Republic of Germany. Status report; Ersatz der FCKW R11, R13, R503, R13B1, R113, R114, und R12B1 in bestehenden Kaelte-, Klima- und Waermepumpenanlagen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch Kaeltemittel mit geringem Ozonabbaupotential. Statusbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-11-01

The technical basics and the state of the art for the substitution of the CFC refrigerants R-11, R-13, R-503, R-13B1, R-113, R-114 and R-12B1 in existing refrigeration systems are described and explained. The report contains an overview of the current applications of these refrigerants in the FRG, a review and discussion of existing substitutes, the presentation and evaluation of research and experiences with the conversion to alternative refrigerants, the presentation of the required infrastructure and a discussion of the technical feasibility. The conversion of existing systems to refrigerants of lower ozone depletion potential is in conclusion evaluated with regard to its technical feasibility, environmental relevance and economic efficiency. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es werden die technischen Grundlagen und der Stand der Technik zum Ersatz der FCKW-Kaeltemittel R11, R13, R503, R13B1, R113, R114 und R12B1 in bestehenden Kaelteanlagen dargestellt und erlaeutert. Der Bericht beinhaltet einen Ueberblick ueber die derzeitige Anwendung dieser Kaeltemittel in der BRD, die Vorstellung und Diskussion existierender Ersatzstoffe, die Darstellung und Bewertung der Forschung und Erfahrungen zu Umruestungen auf Ersatzstoffe, die Vorstellung der erforderlichen Infrastruktur und die Diskussion der technischen Durchfuehrbarkeit. Die Umstellung bestehender Anlagen auf Kaeltemittel mit geringerem Ozonabbaupotential wird abschliessend hinsichtlich der technischen Durchfuehrbarkeit, der Umweltrelevanz und der Wirtschaftlichkeit bewertet. (orig.)

Dismantling the activated annular water tank of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klietz, Maik; Konitzer, Arnold; Luedeke, Michael

2010-01-01

Acting on behalf of Energiewerke Nord GmbH Lubmin, Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald GmbH (AKB) planned and built a station for disassembly of the activated annular water tank (RWB) of the decommissioned Rheinsberg nuclear power plant. As part of this demolition step, the annular water tank must be conditioned and disposed of as a component of the reactor facility. This required planning, manufacturing, testing and construction on site of suitable disassembly and handling techniques and the necessary plant and equipment. The client opted for disassembly by means of a diamond cable saw for conditioning the annular water tank into segments fit for shipping, and defined the basic components for the disassembly station in a specification of deliveries and services. The disassembly station serves to divide the annular water tank by means of diamond cable saws into 2 sections in such a way that segment pieces for transport are produced. The existing activation of the annular water tank also entailed the need to plan for the shortest possible time to be spent on handling near the annular water tank, providing radiological protection to the personnel, and performing the sawing steps from a separate operating console assisted by camera surveillance. After works acceptance tests at the manufacturer's, AKB, in October 2009 and February 2010, the disassembly station was delivered to the customer at Rheinsberg KKR free from defects in June 2010. (orig.)

Methodology transfer for the preparation of NPP decommissioning for leading personnel of the Ignalina NPP and for the representatives of Lithuanian authorities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ackermann, L.; Baecker, A.

2004-01-01

At request of the Lithuanian government to receive support for the preparation of the decommissioning of Ignalina NPP, a bilateral project was financed by the German federal government to transfer experience from the decommissioning of the Greifswald and Rheinsberg NPPs to the management staff of the Ignalina NPP and to the representatives of the Lithuanian authorities in charge of the decommissioning. The methodology transfer project was prepared and carried out under the leadership of the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH. The practical implementation was within the responsibility of Energiewerke Nord GmbH (EWN) in cooperation with other German subcontractors. The methodology transfer comprised the task fields of project management, project planning, licensing procedure and waste management as well as social aspects of the further development of the industrial site. Five intensive one-week seminars were conducted mainly at the Greifswald NPP site and the knowledge gained was then consolidated in two evaluation seminars at the Ignalina NPP. As the basis for the training realised in 2002 and 2003, EWN provided about 2000 power-point illustrations, more than 200 transparencies and four video films. The training handouts produced by EWN were delivered to the seminar participants in Russian and English language and documented in the database ''Technische Dokumentation Ost'' (DOKU OST) of GRS. (orig.)

Comparative assessment of condensation models for horizontal tubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schaffrath, A.; Kruessenberg, A.K.; Lischke, W.; Gocht, U.; Fjodorow, A.

1999-01-01

The condensation in horizontal tubes plays an important role e.g. for the determination of the operation mode of horizontal steam generators of VVER reactors or passive safety systems for the next generation of nuclear power plants. Two different approaches (HOTKON and KONWAR) for modeling this process have been undertaken by Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) and University for Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz (HTWS) and implemented into the 1D-thermohydraulic code ATHLET, which is developed by the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH for the analysis of anticipated and abnormal transients in light water reactors. Although the improvements of the condensation models are developed for different applications (VVER steam generators - emergency condenser of the SWR1000) with strongly different operation conditions (e.g. the temperature difference over the tube wall in HORUS is up to 30 K and in NOKO up to 250 K, the heat flux density in HORUS is up to 40 kW/m 2 and in NOKO up to 1 GW/m 2 ) both models are now compared and assessed by Forschungszentrum Rossendorf FZR e.V. Therefore, post test calculations of selected HORUS experiments were performed with ATHLET/KONWAR and compared to existing ATHLET and ATHLET/HOTKON calculations of HTWS. It can be seen that the calculations with the extension KONWAR as well as HOTKON improve significantly the agreement between computational and experimental data. (orig.) [de

NET.EXCEL - a European thematic network for suggesting and prioritising future joint R and D projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svemar, C.; Brewitz, W.

2004-01-01

The NET.EXCEL project concerns the forming of a network of European end users for analysing the present status and future needs in research, technical development and demonstration (RTD) for the disposal of highly radioactive waste in the three classical rock media: salt, clay/clay sediments and crystalline rock. The aim is to generate values additional to that gained by the individual participants: Svensk Kaernbraenslehantering AB (Sweden), Posiva Oy (Finland), Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radioactivos SA (Spain), Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH (Germany), Agence nationale pour la gestion des dechets radioactifs (France), Nationale Genossenschaft fuer die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfaelle (Swizerland), Organisme National des Dechets Radioactifs et des Matieres Fissiles Enrichies (Belgium) and United Kingdom Nirex Limited (UK). The practical way to carry out the needed RTD-activities and the principles behind the process to establish priorities for the necessary RTD-work is quite similar among the participants. Common ground has been analysed for the role/responsibilities of the participating organisations, for the establishment of priorities for the RTD work and for the modus operandi of the organisations to carry out the RTD. The issue of prioritising the potential RTD activities and the factors taken into account by the participating organisations have been summarised and analysed with respect to the common denominator in the project. (orig.)

Biogas plants in EEG. 4. new rev. and enl. ed.; Biogasanlagen im EEG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loibl, Helmut; Maslaton, Martin; Bredow, Hartwig von; Walter, Rene (eds.)

2016-08-01

With the EEG 2014, the legislature has created a complete revision of all the RES plants. Specifically for biogas plants fundamental changes have been made with the maximum rated power or a new landscape conservation concept. For new biogas plants the legislator arranges not only a much lower remuneration, but also the direct marketing as a rule, which entails fundamental changes in the overall compensation system by itself. The new edition of this highly regarded standard work revives the extensive practical experience to EEG 2009, 2012 and 2014 in detail and in particular and takes into account the large number of newly issued clearinghouses decisions and judgments. All current legal issues and challenges of biogas plants can be found comprehensively presented here. [German] Mit dem EEG 2014 hat der Gesetzgeber eine komplette Neuregelung fuer alle EEG-Anlagen geschaffen. Speziell fuer Biogasanlagen wurden mit der Hoechstbemessungsleistung oder einem neuen Landschaftspflegebegriff grundlegende Aenderungen vorgenommen. Fuer neue Biogasanlagen ordnet der Gesetzgeber nicht nur eine deutlich geringere Verguetung, sondern zudem die Direktvermarktung als Regelfall an, was grundlegende Veraenderungen des gesamten Verguetungssystems nach sich zieht. Die Neuauflage dieses vielbeachteten Standardwerks greift die umfangreichen Praxiserfahrungen zum EEG 2009, 2012 und 2014 detailliert auf und beruecksichtigt insbesondere auch die Vielzahl der neu ergangenen Clearingstellenentscheidungen und Urteile. Alle aktuellen rechtlichen Themen und Herausforderungen bei Biogasanlagen finden Sie hier umfassend dargestellt.

CENS - Annual Report 2002

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

It is widely recognized that nuclear safety is one of the most important issues in the world. The process of transformation in the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe has created a delicate situation for nuclear regulators, often leaving them without necessary human and financial resources. Therefore, regulatory bodies from Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) welcomed the idea of the Center for Nuclear Safety in Central and Eastern Europe (CENS) - a non-profit organization that would help them to achieve independence and greater efficiency. After two years of preparation, the Center was founded in March 2002 in Bratislava. Funding for the project was provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), which saw the Center as a new approach to technical co-operation between regulatory bodies of East and West. The respective planning involved close collaboration between the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (HSK), IAEA, Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH (GRS), and Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (UJD). The Center's main aims are to improve the independence, competence, and efficiency of nuclear regulatory bodies, and to improve safety in nuclear facilities, by providing a system of networking and international membership for regulators in CEEC and for technical support organizations from around Europe. In this Annual Report activities of the CENS in 2002 year are reported

Cooperation in simulating a pressurized coal dust reactor with different simulation programs; Kooperation bei der Simulation eines Druckkohlenstaubreaktors mit unterschiedlichen Simulationsprogrammen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayar, A.; Hecken, M. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Waermeuebertragung und Klimatechnik; Mohr, M.; Murza, S. [Bochum Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Energieanlagentechnik; Richter, S.; Stroehle, J. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen

1999-09-01

The contribution presents the results of a cooperative project of three different universities - Department of Heat Transfer and Air Conditioning Engineering (WUeK) of RWTH Aachen, Department of Power Sytems Engineering (LEAT) of Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Steam Boiler Engineering (IVD) of Stuttgart University - which involved modellilng a benchmark flame of the pressurized coal dust reactor of the Departmentof Heat Transfer and Air Conditioning Engineering. The conditions of the benchmark flame reflect a real firnace condition which so far has never been investigated experimentally. The contribution compares the results of the three different simulation programs and presents an outlook to the necessary further developments of the programs for modelling plants for pressurized coal dust combustion. [Deutsch] Es werden die Ergebnisse der Zusammenarbeit der drei beteiligten Institute - Lehrstuhl fuer Waermeuebertragung und Klimatechnik (WUeK) der RWTH Aachen, Lehrstuhl fuer Energieanlagentechnik (LEAT) der Ruhr-Uni Bochum und Institut fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD) der Uni Stuttgart - bei der Modellierung einer Benchmarkflamme des Druckkohlenstaubreaktors am Lehrstuhl fuer Waermeuebertragung und Klimatechnik dargestellt. Diese Bedingungen fuer diese Benchmarkflamme sind einem realen, bis dato noch nicht experimentell untersuchten Feuerungszustand nachempfunden. Der Beitrag beinhaltet den Vergleich der mit drei unterschiedlichen Simulationsprogrammen erzielten Ergebnisse und gibt einen Ausblick auf die notwendigen Weiterentwicklungen der Programme hinsichtlich der Modellierung druckkohlenstaubgefeuerter Anlagen. (orig.)

Potential power density and power generation of wind parks. Share of regional wind power generation in consumption for a ''2% scenario''; Potenzielle Leistungsdichte und Stromerzeugung von Windparks. Anteil der regionalen Windstromerzeugung am Verbrauch fuer ein ''2 %-Szenario''

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konetschny, Claudia; Schmid, Tobias; Jetter, Fabian [Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft (FfE) e.V., Muenchen (Germany)

2017-05-15

Targets for wind energy use are given in different units. In addition to the number of plants, the power and the annual electricity generation, an information of a surface to be used for the use of wind power has become increasingly established. However, the relationships between area consumption, installed power and generated current are not approximately linear. On the basis of a small-scale modeling of the addition of wind energy installations using the wind resource tools WiSTl developed by the Research Center for Energy Economics (FfE), the article provides recommendations for the conversion of the area identified. In addition, the share of electricity generation based on a 2% scenario of power generation from wind power plants of the electricity consumption will be determined for each Federal State. [German] Ziele zur Windenergienutzung werden in verschiedenen Einheiten angegeben. Neben der Anzahl an Anlagen, der Leistung und der jaehrlichen Stromerzeugung hat sich zunehmend die Angabe einer fuer die Windkraftnutzung auszuweisenden Flaeche etabliert. Die Zusammenhaenge zwischen Flaechenverbrauch, installierter Leistung und erzeugter Strommenge sind jedoch nicht annaehernd linear. Anhand einer kleinteiligen Modeliierung des Zubaus von Windenergieanlagen mithilfe des von der Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft (FfE) entwickelten Windszenario-Tools WiSTl gibt der Artikel Empfehlungen zur Umrechnung der ausgewiesenen Flaeche. Zusaetzlich wird basierend auf einem 2 %-Szenario der Anteil der Stromerzeugung aus Windenergieanlagen am Stromverbrauch je Bundesland bestimmt.

CFD and system analysis code investigations of the multidimensional flow mixing phenomena in the reactor pressure vessel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ceuca, S.C.; Herb, J.; Schoeffel, P.J.; Hollands, T.; Austregesilo, H.; Hristov, H.V.

2017-01-01

The realistic numerical prediction of transient fluid-dynamic scenarios including the complex, three-dimensional flow mixing phenomena occurring in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) both in normal or abnormal operation are an important issue in today's reactor safety assessment studies. Both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools as well as fluid-dynamic system analysis codes, each with its advantages and drawbacks, are commonly used to model such transients. Simulation results obtained with the open-source CFD tool-box OpenFOAM and the German thermal-hydraulic system code ATHLET (Analysis of THermal-hydraulics of LEaks and Transients), the later developed by Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) for the analysis of the whole spectrum of operational transients, design-basis accidents and beyond design basis accidents anticipated for nuclear energy facilities, are compared against experimental data from the ROssendorf Coolant Mixing (ROCOM) test facility. In the case of the OpenFOAM CFD simulations the influence of various turbulence models and numerical schemes has been assessed while in the case of the system analysis code ATHLET a multidimensional nodalization recommended for real power plant applications has been employed. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that both OpenFOAM and ATHLET can capture the key flow features of the mixing processes in the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). (author)

A dual role for nanos and pumilio in anterior and posterior blastodermal patterning of the short-germ beetle Tribolium castaneum.

Science.gov (United States)

Schmitt-Engel, Christian; Cerny, Alexander C; Schoppmeier, Michael

2012-04-15

Abdominal patterning in Drosophila requires the function of Nanos (nos) and Pumilio (pum) to repress posterior translation of hunchback mRNA. Here we provide the first functional analysis of nanos and pumilio genes during blastodermal patterning of a short-germ insect. We found that nos and pum in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum crucially contribute to posterior segmentation by preventing hunchback translation. While this function seems to be conserved among insects, we provide evidence that Nos and Pum may also act on giant expression, another gap gene. After depletion of nos and pum by parental RNAi, Hunchback and giant remain ectopically at the posterior blastoderm and the posterior Krüppel (Kr) domain is not being activated. giant may be a direct target of Nanos and Pumilio in Tribolium and presumably prevents early Kr expression. In the absence of Kr, the majority of secondary gap gene domains fail to be activated, and abdominal segmentation is terminated prematurely. Surprisingly, we found Nos and Pum also to be involved in early head patterning, as the loss of Nos and Pum results in deletions and transformations of gnathal and pre-gnathal anlagen. Since the targets of Nos and Pum in head development remain to be identified, we propose that anterior patterning in Tribolium may involve additional maternal factors. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nestin-Cre Mice Are Affected by Hypopituitarism, Which Is Not Due to Significant Activity of the Transgene in the Pituitary Gland

Science.gov (United States)

Galichet, Christophe; Lovell-Badge, Robin; Rizzoti, Karine

2010-01-01

Nestin-Cre mice express Cre recombinase under control of the rat nestin promoter and central nervous system (CNS) enhancer. While endogenous Nestin is expressed in some other tissues including the pituitary gland, Nestin-Cre mice induce recombination predominantly in the CNS. For this reason, they have been widely used to explore gene function or cell fate in the latter. Pituitary hormonal deficiencies, or hypopituitarism, are associated with a wide range of symptoms and with a significant morbidity. These can have a neural and/or a pituitary origin as the gland's secretions are controlled by the hypothalamus. We report here that Nestin-Cre mice themselves are affected by mild hypopituitarism. Hence, physiological consequences are expected, especially in combination with defects resulting from Cre mediated deletion of any gene under investigation. To further investigate the origin of this phenotype, we re-examined the activity of the transgene. We compared it with expression of Nestin itself in the context of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, especially in the light of a recent report showing pituitary Nestin-Cre activity, which contrasts with previous data. Our results disagree with those of this recent study and do not support the claim that Nestin positive cells are present in the pituitary anlagen, the Rathke's pouch (RP). Moreover we did not observe any significant activity in the post-natal pituitary, in agreement with the initial report. PMID:20625432

Development and trial of methods and design concepts for an ecological recultivation of former mining areas, located in certain littoral and terrestrial areas of the Goitzsche, district of Bitterfeld, state Sachsen-Anhalt. Final report; Entwicklung und Erprobung von Methoden und Gestaltungskonzepten zur oekologisch vertraeglichen Sanierung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften in ausgewaehlten litoralen und terrestrischen Bereichen des Tagebaus Goitzsche im Landkreis Bitterfeld. Schlussbericht und Anlagen 1-12

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haenel, K.; Herbst, F.; Mueller, E.; Prautzsch, I.

2000-11-01

Methods for an ecological orientated revitalisation of former brown coal open-cast mining areas in East Germany are less developed and regarded than questions about stabilisation and economic recultivation technologies. The aim of the research work was to develop a methodical concept which includes proposals for an alternate design of shore lines considering the qualities demanded by species of flora and fauna. One of the most important issues is the use of engineer-biology rather than technical methods to stabilise and design the slopes. Soil, vegetation and species of different sections of six mining lakes were therefore analysed. Certain species of animal were selected in order to plan a current recultivation project on the island called Baerenhofinsel, part of the Goitzsche (Bitterfeld/Sachsen-Anhalt). A design concept to create conditions needed by these aim species was developed and also partly realised. Unfortunately the project could not be finished completely as there was non-predictable delay in the flooding regime. Nevertheless it is an important base for the future revitalisation process of former mining areas. (orig.) [German] Im Unterschied zu Fragen der Standsicherheit und wirtschaftlicher Sanierungstechnologien sind bei der Sanierung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften des ostdeutschen Braunkohlebergbaus Methoden fuer eine oekologisch orientierte Sanierung nur ungenuegend entwickelt. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war es, ein Methodenkonzept zur abwechslungsreichen Gestaltung von Uferbereichen in Tagebaufolgelandschaften des Braunkohlebergbaus unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Lebensraumansprueche ausgewaehlter Zielarten der Flora und Fauna zu entwickeln. Das Methodenkonzept beinhaltet die Boeschungsgestaltung durch Erdbau und ingenieurbiologische Bauweisen. Es wurden Uferabschnitte an sechs Tagebauseen (Vergleichsgewaesser) bezueglich Boden, Vegetation und ausgewaehlter Tierarten untersucht. Fuer eine konkrete Sanierungsaufgabe, die Baerenhofinsel in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft Goitzsche (Bitterfeld/Sachsen-Anhalt) wurden Zielarten fuer die Uferbereiche bestimmt. Es wurde ein Gestaltungskonzept fuer diese Uferbereiche erarbeitet und teilweise realisiert, mit dem die besonderen Lebensraumansprueche der Zielarten erreicht werden koennen. Auf Grund nicht vorhersehbarer Verzoegerungen im Flutungsregime fuer den ehemaligen Tagebau konnte das Vorhaben nicht vollstaendig umgesetzt werden. Mit dem Vorhaben wurden Planungsgrundlagen fuer die Sanierung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften zur Verfuegung gestellt. (orig.)

Management of aging in technical facilities of E.ON Kernkraft plants; Alterungsmanagement bei technischen Einrichtungen in Anlagen der E.ON Kernkraft GmbH

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reese, Sven H.; Brast, Gerhard [E.ON Kernkraft GmbH, Hannover (Germany); Schoeckle, Friedrich [AMTEC Messtechnischer Service GmbH, Lauffen/N (Germany)

2009-11-15

The publication explains, by means of specific measures, the management of aging in technical facilities as practiced in the plants of E.ON Kernkraft GmbH. First, the historical background is outlined and the reasons for introducing management of aging in order to limit and control factors influencing the lifetime of nuclear power plants are described. This is followed by a definition of management of aging in important safety-related facilities as against lifetime management of technical systems relevant to plant availability. This is the context in which the scope of the survey of continuous management of aging is defined in respect of physical aging. A classification is then made in accordance with the staggered requirements to be met in the quality of technical facilities. On the basis of the quality to be assured, the different component groups are assigned corresponding operational measures and explained. These continuous measures extend from failure-oriented maintenance to preventive maintenance to the integrity concept for technical installations. To document the findings and evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken, the integration of the process is described and reference is made to continuous optimization according to PDCA principles. The explicit introduction of the process of management of aging creates a platform which allows a documentation to be accumulated of the manifold and comprehensive measures taken to control phenomena of aging in technical installations. (orig.)

Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Germany. Annex I [Example of TSOs and their Interaction with Key Stakeholders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2018-01-01

The State, Federal States and TÜVs signed the Shareholders Agreement for the Company for Reactor Safety (GRS) mbH on 26th of May 1976. GRS is a private non-profit, non-governmental organization, established as a private limited company with shareholders. All services of GRS to the regulatory authorities are provided through projects based on both long term and task specific contracts within framework agreements.

Feasibility study for new ecolabels for the product group: Wood pellet firings. Final report; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen fuer die Produktgruppe: Holzpelletfeuerungen. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Weiss, J.; Hirschl, B.

2002-07-01

gerechtfertigt ist, und welche Anforderungen diese im Vergabefall erfuellen sollten. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde zunaechst eine umfassende Marktanalyse durchgefuehrt, um daraus die Anlagen zu identifizieren, die fuer ein Umweltzeichen in Frage kommen. Im Hauptteil der Studie erfolgte eine vertiefende Analyse der Umweltrelevanz der ausgewaehlten Anlagen. Hierzu wurde eine Herstellerbefragung durchgefuehrt und ein Systemvergleich mit Gas- und Oelheizkesseln sowie mit herkoemmlichen Holzfeuerungen auf Holzhackschnitzel- und Scheitholzbasis vorgenommen. Auf der Basis dieser Analyse wurden Vorschlaege fuer Vergabegrundlagen fuer Holzpelletheizkessel und Holzpelletraumheizer abgeleitet, die in einem Fachgespraech in einer breiten Runde von Experten und Herstellern vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden. Aus der Studie und dem Fachgespraech konnte ein deutliches Votum fuer die Umweltzeichen fuer die untersuchten Holzpelletfeuerungen abgeleitet werden. Holzpelletfeuerungen zeichnen sich durch ihren hohen Automatisierungsgrad und den Einsatz eines genormten Brennstoffes mit gleichbleibender hoher Qualitaet aus. Dadurch erreichen sie zum einen eine hohe Verbrennungsguete mit sehr geringen Emissionen, zum anderen werden Fehler durch unsachgemaesse Bedienung minimiert. Sie koennen zudem einen wichtigen Beitrag zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien leisten und so zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele beitragen. Die vorgeschlagenen Vergabegrundlagen umfassen Anforderungen an rationelle Energienutzung (Wirkungsgrad bei Nennlast und Teillast, Hilfsstrombedarf), Emissionswerte von CO, NO{sub x}, Staub und organischen Stoffen, Angebot von Dienstleistungen sowie Anforderungen an die Bedienungsanleitung. Als moegliche Umschrift eines Zeichens fuer Holzpelletfeuerungen wird empfohlen: 'Umweltzeichen... weil emissionsarm und energieeffizient'. (orig.)

Feasibility study for new ecolabels according to ISO 14024 (type 1) within the product group: wood pellet heating systems; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen fuer die Produktgruppe: Holzpelletfeuerungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Weiss, J.; Hirschl, B. [Institut fuer Oekologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IOEW) gGmbH, Berlin (Germany)

2003-01-01

gerechtfertigt ist, und welche Anforderungen diese im Vergabefall erfuellen sollten. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde zunaechst eine umfassende Marktanalyse durchgefuehrt, um daraus die Anlagen zu identifizieren, die fuer ein Umweltzeichen in Frage kommen. Im Hauptteil der Studie erfolgte eine vertiefende Analyse der Umweltrelevanz der ausgewaehlten Anlagen. Hierzu wurde eine Herstellerbefragung durchgefuehrt und ein Systemvergleich mit Gas- und Oelheizkesseln sowie mit herkoemmlichen Holzfeuerungen auf Holzhackschnitzel- und Scheitholzbasis vorgenommen. Auf der Basis dieser Analyse wurden Vorschlaege fuer Vergabegrundlagen fuer Holzpelletheizkessel und Holzpelletraumheizer abgeleitet, die in einem Fachgespraech in einer breiten Runde von Experten und Herstellern vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden. Aus der Studie und dem Fachgespraech konnte ein deutliches Votum fuer ein Umweltzeichen fuer die untersuchten Holzpelletfeuerungen abgeleitet werden. Holzpelletfeuerungen zeichnen sich durch ihren hohen Automatisierungsgrad und den Einsatz eines genormten Brennstoffes mit gleichbleibender hoher Qualitaet aus. Dadurch erreichen sie zum einen eine hohe Verbrennungsguete mit sehr geringen Emissionen, zum anderen werden Fehler durch unsachgemaesse Bedienung minimiert. Sie koennen zudem einen wichtigen Beitrag zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien leisten und so zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele beitragen. Die vorgeschlagenen Vergabegrundlagen umfassen Anforderungen an rationelle Energienutzung (Wirkungsgrad bei Nennlast und Teillast, Hilfsstrombedarf), Emissionswerte von CO, NO{sub x}, Staub und organischen Stoffen, Angebot von Dienstleistungen sowie Anforderungen an die Bedienungsanleitung. Als moegliche Umschrift eines Zeichens fuer Holzpelletfeuerungen wird empfohlen: 'Umweltzeichen... weil emissionsarm und energieeffizient'. (orig.)

Exergetic analysis of the heat pump installed in the Limmat school building in Zurich; Exergieanalyse der Waermepumpe im Schulhaus Limmat - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedl, M.

2009-10-15

In large buildings, heat pumps todays are only used in a small number of cases. In those rare cases, they are operated with synthetic working fluids and are mainly used for low temperature heating. Since January 2006, a heat pump with Propane as working fluid has been operating in a school building in Zuerich (Schulhaus Limmat), which provides space heating and hot water for the old building erected in 1909. As a heat source, a main channel of sewage is used, an ideal heat source, which is only rarely used nowadays. Hence, the installation has a pioneering role in many aspects and has been analysed in detail during the current project. During this project, the Propane heat pump in the Schulhaus Limmat as well as the hydraulic system have been analysed in respect to its exergetic losses. The heat pump has a seasonal performance factor of 2.7. The investigation has shown that the heat pump does not operate in an optimal way and that the hydraulic has room for improvement with respect to exergetic losses. In implementing the measures suggested in this report, the seasonal performance factor can be increased to about 4.4. (author)

Surface independent underwater energy supply system - Diesel engine with closed gas cycle. Final report; Dieselmotor mit geschlossenem Argon-Kreislauf - Prototyp. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gehringer, H.; Seifert, K.

1989-08-01

MOTARK (MOTOR IM ARGON-KREISLAUF/engine in argon cycle) is an alternative drive and power-supply system integrated in the offshore-working submarine `Seahorse II`, which belongs to Messrs. Bruker Meerestechnik. The heart of the plant is a naturally aspirated diesel engine, MAN model D 2566 ME (100 kW, 1500 rpm), which can operate in a closed argon cycle independent of the outside air while the submarine is under water, and in the conventional manner after the vessel has surfaced. After it has been cooled down to room temperature, the final product carbon dioxide CO{sub 2}, which forms as a result of the combustion of fuel and oxygen, is removed from the circulating process gas with potassium hydroxide in a chemical process in a dual-stage rotary disintegrator. After dissipation of the heat thus generated, and subsequent to a cyclonic condensate cleaning cycle oxygen is supplied to the argon carrier gas in measured quantities. Governing of the MOTARK system and acquisition of the test data are performed by a custom-developed micro-processor unit. The functional tests in the submarine as well as the subsequent underwater tests at shallow sea gave convincing evidence for the fact that this prototype unit is now ready for regular operation. (orig.) With 16 figs. [Deutsch] Mit MOTARK - MOTOR IM ARGON-KREISLAUF wurde ein alternatives Antriebs- und Energiesystem entwickelt und in dem Offshore-Arbeits-U-Boot `Searhorse II` der Firma Bruker Meerestechnik integriert. Der Kern der Anlage ist ein selbstansaugender Dieselmotor des Typs MAN D 2566 ME (100 kW, 1500 l/min) der unter Wasser aussenluftunabhaengig im geschlossenen Argonkreislauf sowie ueber Wasser konventionell betrieben werden kann. Das Endprodukt Kohlendioxid CO{sub 2}, entstanden aus der Verbrennung von Kraftstoff und Sauerstoff, wird nach der Abkuehlung auf RT in einem zweistufigen Rotationswaescher mit Kalilauge chemisch aus dem zirkulierenden Prozessgas entfernt. Nach Abfuehrung der bei diesem Prozess entstehenden Waerme sowie einer Zyklon-Kondensatabscheidung, wird dem Argon-Traegergas wieder Sauerstoff geregelt zugefuehrt. Die Regelung des MOTARK-Systems sowie die messtechnische Datenerfassung erfolgt mit einer dafuer entwickelten Mikroprozessoreinheit. Bei Funktionstests im U-Boot mit anschliessender Unterwasser-Erprobung im Flachwasser-Bereich konnte die Einsatzreife der Prototyp-Einheit ueberzeugend demonstriert werden. (orig.) With 16 figs.

Reduction of the energy consumption of refrigerators by means of thermal optimisation - Final report; Energieverbrauchsminimierung von Kuehlschraenken durch thermische Optimierung - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koebel, M. M.; Binder, B. [Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologies, EMPA, Duebendorf (Switzerland); Doerwaldt, T. [Forster Kuechen- und Kuehltechnik AG, Arbon (Switzerland)

2009-11-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the results of a project carried out by a major Swiss manufacturer on how to minimize the energy consumption in common household refrigerators. Calorimetric measurements were performed on a standard refrigerator/freezer combination. Complementary numerical modelling studies of relevant thermal transport processes were used to identify potential weak points in the design. In addition, thermal measurements of identical appliances that were insulated with four different types of polyurethane foam were carried out. As part of a 3-D numerical analysis, various construction details were investigated. The use of vacuum insulation (VIP) was shown to make the most sense in the refrigerator door. The authors are of the opinion that this study demonstrates how a combination of experimental work and heat transport modelling can identify weak points in both design and materials used and thus provide precise suggestions for improvement.

Emission factors of modern wood-pellet heating units under typical heating conditions - Final report; Emissionsfaktoren moderner Pelletkessel unter typischen Heizbedingungen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Good, J.; Nussbaumer, T.

2009-12-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the results of measurements made concerning the emission factors of two modern wood-pellet heating units under typical heating conditions. Using simulations, typical operation in single-family homes and apartment blocks were examined. Emissions during the different phases of operation were examined. Systems with and without buffer storage were also examined. The minimum running times to be striven for are quoted which would lead to a reduction of emissions to an acceptable level. The characteristic operating modes for the two heating units and the results obtained for various emissions are presented and discussed.

Remote control systems for space heating. Product overview 2010 and recommendations - Final report; Fernsteuerungen fuer Raumheizungen. Produktuebersicht 2010 und Empfehlungen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geilinger, E.; Bush, E. [Bush Energie GmbH, Felsberg (Switzerland); Venzin, T. [Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Chur, Chur (Switzerland); Nipkow, J. [Arena, Zuerich (Switzerland)

2010-09-15

Saving space heating energy by remote control: A remote-controlled space heating system allows a person to lower the room temperature in homes that go unoccupied for periods of time to the lowest temperature that's safe to keep the pipes from freezing while they're away. Comfort is guaranteed because the desired room temperature or mode can be activated in time before the guests arrive, via text message, phone or the internet. As most people simply leave unoccupied homes heated, the remote-controlled system saves up to 70% of heating energy when used actively. Market overview and product features: This report presents remote control devices that are currently available on the market. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed as well as their technical features and function. Most of them are universal remote controls that have various uses, including temperature control. The report also discusses requirements that not all the examined products meet. Some lack an emergency power supply, the possibility for manual control or the ability to check the current temperature of the home from a remote location. Better planning for remote control: The critical issue proved not to be the remote control device itself, but the heating systems. Unfortunately, they often don't provide an option to be extended by remote control. We therefore call on the manufacturers to equip all new heating systems with options for remote control. It would also be helpful and desirable to provide information on the internet or in the technical documentation on how to connect a remote control device and which products are suitable - both for existing and new heating systems. If the system cannot be retrofitted, it should be described whether and how a central remote control with room thermostat can be installed. Improving communication: In this study, remote control and heating suppliers were interviewed as well as planners, installers and users of remote-controlled heating. Their responses indicate that remote-controlled heating systems are not promoted actively enough in consulting, sales and heating service. This report not only gives an overview of the current market situation and recommendations on remote controls for heating, but also serves as the basis for communication. The key target groups need to be better informed and motivated. (authors)

Sustainable development in city districts: BaLaLuZ project - BaBeL Lucerne; Schlussbericht Quartier BaBeL - Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duss, A.; Inderbitzin, J.; Wandeler, M.

2004-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is one of a series of reports concerning municipal development in various cities in Switzerland. The four city districts involved include Basel (Gundeldinger Feld), Lausanne (Bellevaux), Lucerne (Basel-/Bernstrasse) and Zurich (Werdwies). This final report summarises the results of the first phase of the project concerning the Baselstrasse and Bernstrasse districts in Lucerne. A database containing details of the various buildings in the districts was set up, energy-relevant refurbishment of buildings was investigated, owners were counselled and various diploma-theses for the University of Applied Sciences in Lucerne were initiated. Ecological, economical and mobility aspects are considered and suggestions are made for follow-up projects.

Carbon dioxide in electricity delivered to Swiss end-users. Final report; CO{sub 2}-Intensitaet des Stromabsatzes an Schweizer Endkunden. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jakob, M.; Volkart, K.; Widmer, D

2009-07-15

In this comprehensive final report, made by TEP Energy GmbH - Technology Economics Policy - Research and Advice - a spin-off company of ETH Zuerich for the Swiss gas and oil industries, the effective CO{sub 2} intensities involved in Swiss electricity consumption are calculated and discussed. The authors present details on how CO{sub 2} emissions should be calculated on the basis of figures both on Swiss power generation and, also, on electricity imports and exports in a European context. Daily and seasonal export-import balances are discussed. In particular the authors note that the actual production-mix for electricity in Switzerland should not be used as a basis for judging actual consumption. Three methods for viewing Swiss electricity consumption involving net and gross power export and import are introduced and discussed. The determination of the CO{sub 2} intensity of Swiss power is discussed, as are power demand profiles and international agreements. The results obtained using the three methods used are presented and discussed. Future developments are also examined. The report is completed with an appendix.

ARVIKA - Augmented Reality in Entwicklung, Produktion und Service: Anbindung eines mobilen Augmented Reality Systems an eine stationäre Infrastruktur. Schlussbericht

OpenAIRE

Wichert, R.; Balfanz, D.

2003-01-01

ARVIKA uses augmented reality (AR) technologies to research and create a user-oriented and system-driven support of operation procedures. It focuses on the development, production, and service of complex technical products and systems. Augmented-reality technologies improve working environments by merging real objects with computer-generated virtual objects to allow for detailed engineering and processing instructions. Augmented reality is a novel approach to the interaction between human and...

Remote control systems for space heating. Product overview 2010 and recommendations - Final report; Fernsteuerungen fuer Raumheizungen. Produktuebersicht 2010 und Empfehlungen - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geilinger, E.; Bush, E. [Bush Energie GmbH, Felsberg (Switzerland); Venzin, T. [Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Chur, Chur (Switzerland); Nipkow, J. [Arena, Zuerich (Switzerland)

2010-09-15

Saving space heating energy by remote control: A remote-controlled space heating system allows a person to lower the room temperature in homes that go unoccupied for periods of time to the lowest temperature that's safe to keep the pipes from freezing while they're away. Comfort is guaranteed because the desired room temperature or mode can be activated in time before the guests arrive, via text message, phone or the internet. As most people simply leave unoccupied homes heated, the remote-controlled system saves up to 70% of heating energy when used actively. Market overview and product features: This report presents remote control devices that are currently available on the market. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed as well as their technical features and function. Most of them are universal remote controls that have various uses, including temperature control. The report also discusses requirements that not all the examined products meet. Some lack an emergency power supply, the possibility for manual control or the ability to check the current temperature of the home from a remote location. Better planning for remote control: The critical issue proved not to be the remote control device itself, but the heating systems. Unfortunately, they often don't provide an option to be extended by remote control. We therefore call on the manufacturers to equip all new heating systems with options for remote control. It would also be helpful and desirable to provide information on the internet or in the technical documentation on how to connect a remote control device and which products are suitable - both for existing and new heating systems. If the system cannot be retrofitted, it should be described whether and how a central remote control with room thermostat can be installed. Improving communication: In this study, remote control and heating suppliers were interviewed as well as planners, installers and users of remote-controlled heating. Their responses indicate that remote-controlled heating systems are not promoted actively enough in consulting, sales and heating service. This report not only gives an overview of the current market situation and recommendations on remote controls for heating, but also serves as the basis for communication. The key target groups need to be better informed and motivated. (authors)

District heating for Switzerland - Project development; Projektentwicklung Fernwaerme Schweiz - Abwaermenutzung aus (de)zentralen Quellen der Industrie und Umwelt (Schlussbericht Projektphase 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oppermann, G. [Verband Fernwaerme Schweiz, Niederrohrdorf (Switzerland); Gutzwiller, S. [Eicher und Pauli AG, Planer fuer Energie- und Gebaeudetechnik, Liestal (Switzerland); Mueller, E. A. [EnergieSchweiz fuer Infrastrukturanlagen, Berne (Switzerland)

2010-05-15

This final report for 2010 for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with the achievements of the first phase of a project concerning district heating systems in Switzerland. The Swiss District Heating Association (VFS) aims to initiate district heating projects using a four-phase project. Phase 1 involved the identification of potential projects: Locations for the use of waste heat, environmental heat, wood and biomass were identified. The further phases will involve possible investors, the development of concrete projects and, finally, their realisation. The report describes work to be done, the project organisation, presents basic data needed for the project phases, discusses regional planning aspects, reviews aids such as GPS data and 'excel' spread sheets and geographic aspects. Further topics addressed in the report include results achieved, the search for investors and external communication. The report is completed with recommendations and four appendices.

Improving the economic efficiency of PV plants through own consumption - risks and opportunities; Erhoehung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von PV-Anlagen durch Eigenverbrauch. Chancen und Risiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carr, Luis; Corradini, Roger [FfE Forschungsstelle fuer Energiewirtschaft e.V., Muenchen (Germany); Roon, Serafin von [Forschungsgesellschaft fuer Energiewirtschaft mbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2012-04-15

The own-consumption regulation introduced in 2009 has led to an improved economic efficiency of PV plants. Even if the remuneration paid for own supply should be abolished, rising electricity prices will nevertheless strengthen the incentive for operators to increase their rate of own consumption. This scenario applies for the currently existing total of around 9 GW in installed PV capacity. A high rate of own consumption will continue to offer benefits for plants to be installed in future as well, and this will be further amplified if the scheduled cuts in feed-in compensation are moved forward in time. However, the promotion of own consumption of PV electricity can only provide relief to local electricity networks if these have a suitable load management in place. In spite of the compensation paid for own consumption it will further be necessary to find mechanisms that secure the economic effectiveness of efficiency technologies.

Solar campaign 'Solar - na klar.' (solar - of course). Final report; Solarkampagne 'Solar - na klar.'. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gege, M.; Kleinsteuber, A.; Krabbe, P.; Kroeger, P.; Maschke, K.; Niedert, S.; Schindelmann, F.; Thunert, A.; Weinberg, H.

2002-03-18

The German market for technically matured solar-thermal systems for generating hot water is growing by 20 per cent per year, with some deviations due to incentive policies. This growth can be and is planned to be increased systematically, with following goals: A practical contribution to the Federal Government's efforts to achieve the goals regarding the protection of climate; creating future-oriented jobs; supporting ecologically sustainable ways of life and models of consumption by convincing the consumers and other target groups of the fact that it makes sense already today to start utilizing solar energy and to invest also on private basis. These targets are expected to be set up with the help of a three-year mass campaign (1999 until 2001), i.e. the campaign called ''Solar - na klar.'' (solar - of course). [German] Der deutsche Markt fuer die technisch ausgereiften solarthermischen Anlagen zur Warmwassererzeugung waechst mit ca. 20% p.a., mit foerderpolitisch bedingten Schwankungen. Dieses Wachstum kann und soll systematisch gesteigert werden, mit folgenden Zielsetzungen: Praktischer Beitrag zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele der Bundesregierung; Schaffung zukunftsorientierter Arbeitsplaetze; Befoerderung oekologisch nachhaltiger Lebensstile und Konsummuster durch die Ueberzeugung der Verbraucher und weiterer Zielgruppen, dass es heute bereits sinnvoll ist, in die Nutzung der Solarenergie konkret einzusteigen und auch privat zu investieren. Diese Ziele sollen mithilfe einer auf drei Jahre angelegten Breitenkampagne (1999 bis 2001), d.h. der Kampagne 'Solar - na klar.' erfolgen. (orig.)

The kinetics of oocyst shedding and sporulation in two immunologically distinct strains of Eimeria maxima, GS and M6.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Badri, Riadh; Barta, John Robert

2012-11-01

The kinetics of oocyst shedding and sporulation of two immunologically distinct strains of Eimeria maxima (GS and M6) were compared. Both strains had a prepatent period of approximately 120 h followed by peak oocyst shedding at 144-150 h post inoculation. Mean total oocyst output determined for each strain demonstrated that the fecundity of the M6 strain (12.8 × 10(3) ± 1.95) of E. maxima was roughly twice that of the GS strain (6.9 × 10(3) ± 3.33) when inoculated at the rate of 1,000 infective oocysts per bird. The process of oocyst sporulation was followed by repetitive sampling of sporulating oocysts at 26 °C with aeration over a 138 hour period. Sporulation was divided into five morphologically distinguishable stages whose abundance peaked at the following times during sporulation: unsporulated oocysts at 0 h; sporoblast anlagen at 18 h; sporoblasts without sporocyst walls at 22 h; and sporocysts without mature sporozoites at 38 h. The time to 50 % sporulation of E. maxima oocysts observed in the present study was approximately 53 h for both strains and all viable oocysts had completed sporulation by 60 h. In the present study, the prepatent periods, duration of oocyst shedding, and the relative kinetics of sporulation of the GS and M6 strains of E. maxima were found to be virtually identical despite the immunological distinctiveness of these two parasite strains.

Pump-turbines with constant flow direction; Pumpenturbinen mit gleicher Durchstroemrichtung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mollenkopf, G. [Zentrale Forschung Engineering, KSB AG, Frankenthal (Germany)

1997-12-31

This research project was sponsored by the federal ministry of science and technology BMFT (product owner: New Materials and Chemical Technologies - NMT). Its aim was to develop a novel unit that can work both as a pump and a turbine with a constant flow direction through internal blade adjustment. This specifically high-speed pump-turbine is suited for plants where a liquid in one case needs to be hauled against a rising pressure and where, in another case, there is a pressure drop in the same direction. So far, either a separate pump and turbine each are used which are temporarily stopped, involving corresponding effort, or - almost as a rule - the turbine is dispensed with, so that the energy locked up in the pressure drop goes unused. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Zielsetzung unseres Forschungsvorhabens, das vom BMFT (Produkttraeger: Neue Materialien und Chemische Technologien - NMT) gefoerdert wird, war die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Aggregats, das durch interne Schaufelverstellung in der Lage ist, sowohl als Pumpe als auch als Turbine mit gleichbleibender Durchstroemrichtung zu arbeiten. Diese spezifisch schnellaeufige Pumpturbine kommt fuer Anlagen in Frage, in denen eine Fluessigkeit im einen Fall gegen einen anstehenden Druck gefoerdert werden muss und im anderen Fall in gleicher Richtung ein Druckgefaelle zur Verfuegung steht. Entweder werden bisher getrennt aufgestellte Pumpen und Turbinen mit zeitweisem Stillstand und entsprechendem Aufwand eingesetzt oder es wird - fast in der Regel - auf die Turbine und damit auf die im Druckgefaelle enthaltene Energie verzichtet. (orig.)

Qualification of package units; Qualifizierung von Package Units

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brombacher, M.; Walter, U. [Bayer AG, Leverkusen (Germany)

1999-07-01

The use of package units in pharmaceutical plants is increasing. If they are involved in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and have an influence on the quality of the end product, the user is required to validate the processes used. Parallel to the growing demands with respect to the automation of these units, the importance of PCS equipment has increased and with this the necessity for its qualification. Experience to date shows that the manufacturer's awareness of these requirements can be heightened still further. This paper describes approaches for improving the present situation and should be interpreted not as criticism but as providing an opportunity to increase the knowledge base and work together to define solutions which satisfy the guidelines. (orig.) [German] Der Einsatz von Package Units in Pharma-Anlagen erfaehrt zunehmende Verbreitung. Wenn sie an der Herstellung von Arzneimitteln beteiligt sind und auf die Qualitaet des Endprodukts Einfluss nehmen, unterliegen sie der Validierungspflicht, die der Anwender zu gewaehrleisten hat. Entsprechend den wachsenden Anforderungen an die Automatisierung dieser Einheiten ist auch der Stellenwert der PLT-Ausruestung angestiegen und mit ihm die Notwendigkeit von deren Qualifizierung. Die bisherige Praxis zeigt, dass die Sensbilitaet der Hersteller diesen Anforderungen gegenueber noch besser entwickelt werden kann. Der Beitrag zeigt Wege auf, um die derzeitige Situation zu verbessern und sollte nicht als Kritik sondern als Chance aufgefasst werden, den Wissensstand auszugleichen und gemeinsam zu richtliniengerechten Loesungen zu kommen. (orig.)

Transcription factor ERG and joint and articular cartilage formation during mouse limb and spine skeletogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Iwamoto, Masahiro; Tamamura, Yoshihiro; Koyama, Eiki; Komori, Toshihisa; Takeshita, Nobuo; Williams, Julie A; Nakamura, Takashi; Enomoto-Iwamoto, Motomi; Pacifici, Maurizio

2007-05-01

Articular cartilage and synovial joints are critical for skeletal function, but the mechanisms regulating their development are largely unknown. In previous studies we found that the ets transcription factor ERG and its alternatively-spliced variant C-1-1 have roles in joint formation in chick. Here, we extended our studies to mouse. We found that ERG is also expressed in developing mouse limb joints. To test regulation of ERG expression, beads coated with the joint master regulator protein GDF-5 were implanted close to incipient joints in mouse limb explants; this led to rapid and strong ectopic ERG expression. We cloned and characterized several mammalian ERG variants and expressed a human C-1-1 counterpart (hERG3Delta81) throughout the cartilaginous skeleton of transgenic mice, using Col2a1 gene promoter/enhancer sequences. The skeletal phenotype was severe and neonatal lethal, and the transgenic mice were smaller than wild type littermates and their skeletons were largely cartilaginous. Limb long bone anlagen were entirely composed of chondrocytes actively expressing collagen IX and aggrecan as well as articular markers such as tenascin-C. Typical growth plates were absent and there was very low expression of maturation and hypertrophy markers, including Indian hedgehog, collagen X and MMP-13. The results suggest that ERG is part of molecular mechanisms leading chondrocytes into a permanent developmental path and become joint forming cells, and may do so by acting downstream of GDF-5.

Dismantling the activated annular water tank of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant; Zerlegung des aktivierten Ringwasserbehaelters des Kernkraftwerks Rheinsberg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klietz, Maik; Konitzer, Arnold; Luedeke, Michael [Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau GmbH, Greifswald (Germany)

2010-10-15

Acting on behalf of Energiewerke Nord GmbH Lubmin, Anlagen- und Kraftwerksrohrleitungsbau Greifswald GmbH (AKB) planned and built a station for disassembly of the activated annular water tank (RWB) of the decommissioned Rheinsberg nuclear power plant. As part of this demolition step, the annular water tank must be conditioned and disposed of as a component of the reactor facility. This required planning, manufacturing, testing and construction on site of suitable disassembly and handling techniques and the necessary plant and equipment. The client opted for disassembly by means of a diamond cable saw for conditioning the annular water tank into segments fit for shipping, and defined the basic components for the disassembly station in a specification of deliveries and services. The disassembly station serves to divide the annular water tank by means of diamond cable saws into 2 sections in such a way that segment pieces for transport are produced. The existing activation of the annular water tank also entailed the need to plan for the shortest possible time to be spent on handling near the annular water tank, providing radiological protection to the personnel, and performing the sawing steps from a separate operating console assisted by camera surveillance. After works acceptance tests at the manufacturer's, AKB, in October 2009 and February 2010, the disassembly station was delivered to the customer at Rheinsberg KKR free from defects in June 2010. (orig.)

7. Conference: thermal waste management; 7. Fachtagung: Thermische Abfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bilitewski, B. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Abfallwirtschaft; Faulstich, M. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Lehrstuhl und Versuchsanstalt fuer Wasserguete- und Abfallwirtschaft; Urban, A. (eds.) [Kassel Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Fachgebiet Abfalltechnik

2002-07-01

The conference focused on the optimization of incinerators and the production and utilization of refuse-derived fuels. Subjects: Legal regulations and their practical implementation; Development and optimization of technology and cost; Production and utilization of refuse-derived fuels. Experts from practice, projecting, plant construction and research presented their findings. [German] Die 7. gemeinsame Fachtagung 'Thermische Abfallbehandlung' der abfalltechnisch ausgerichteten Fachgebiete und Lehrstuehle der Universitaeten Dresden, Kassel und Muenchen steht in diesem Jahr unter dem Motto der Optimierung von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen und dem Gewinn und der Nutzung von Sekundaerbrennstoffen. Die Abfallwirtschaft benoetigt die thermischen Verfahren, um die politischen Vorgaben der Zukunft - Abfallentsorgung ohne Deponien - erreichen zu koennen. Mit der 7. Fachtagung wollen wir einen Ueberblick geben ueber die wichtigen Fragen der rechtlichen und politischen Lenkung und wie diese Lenkung in der Praxis wirkt. Mit den Regeln des BAT/BVT werden sowohl fuer die Mono- als auch Mitverbrennung von Abfaellen an die thermischen Anlagen hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Daher wird ein wichtiger Gesichtspunkt der Tagung die Entwicklungstendenz und Optimierung sowohl hinsichtlich der Technik als auch der Kosten von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen sein. Eine der zentralen Fragen der Abfallwirtschaft der naechsten 10 Jahre ist die Gewinnung von Sekundaerbrennstoff und die Nutzung dieser Brennstoffe in den verschiedenen thermischen Reaktoren und bestehenden Verbrennungsanlagen. Die hier zusammengestellten Aufsaetze aus der dreitaegigen Tagung mit ca. 30 Beitraegen von Autoren aus der Praxis, der planenden Bueros, Anlagenbaufirmen und Forschungseinrichtungen sollen Auskunft geben ueber den neuesten Stand der Entwicklung. (orig.)

Research tool for the investigation of the driver/brake pedal interface; Forschungswerkzeug zur Untersuchung der Schnittstelle Fahrer/Bremspedal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bill, K.H.; Breuer, B. [Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (Germany). Fachgebiet Fahrzeugtechnik; Leber, M. [DaimlerChrysler AG, Stuttgart (Germany); Becker, H. [Ford-Werke AG, Koeln (Germany)

1999-02-01

The driver/brake pedal interface gains increasing importance when one considers the increasing demands for driver safety and comfort in the vehicle, as well as Brake-by-Wire and braking assistance systems. The decoupling of the brake pedal from the rest of the brake system in the Brake-by-Wire power control braking system makes it necessary to give the brake pedal a specific characteristic. While this can only be slightly influenced in conventional brake systems due to the energetic coupling with the brake hydraulics, in future concepts this interface must be completely re-designed. At the Department of Automotive Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt (fzd), supported by the automobile producer Ford, Inc., new methods for the investigation of brake pedal feel under actual conditions with a specially designed test vehicle have been the subject of research. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit der absehbaren Einfuehrung von Brake-by-Wire und Bremsassistenzsystemen gewinnt die Schnittstelle Fahrer / Bremspedal zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Entkopplung des Bremspedals vom restlichen Bremssystem macht bei Brake-by-Wire-Anlagen eine gezielte Auslegung der Bremspedalcharakteristik notwendig. Waehrend diese bei konventionellen Bremssystemen infolge der energetischen Kopplung mit der Bremsenhydraulik nur in engen Grenzen beeinflusst werden kann, muss bei zukuenftigen Konzepten diese Schnittstelle vollstaendig neu ueberdacht werden. Am Fachgebiet Fahrzeugtechnik der Technischen Universitaet Darmstadt (fzd) wird, unterstuetzt durch die Ford-Werke AG, an neuen Ansaetzen zur Untersuchung des Bremspedalgefuehls unter realen Bedingungen mit einem speziell hierfuer aufgebauten Versuchstraeger geforscht. (orig.)

Problems created by labour law in connection with the termination of a franchise agreement; Arbeitsrechtliche Probleme bei der Beendigung eines Konzessionsvertrages

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gentges, P.

1994-12-31

paragraph 613a BGB is applicable to the case of transfer of ownership of local power transmission networks in (formerly) independent supply areas. The decisive criterion defined by the BAG (Federal Labour Court) is the transfer of ownership of the essential operating equipment and the handing over of all business with customers, as the new owner of the facilities will use these for the same purpose as the former, namely to ensure and perform electricity supply. Application of paragraph 613 a BGB implies that the transferee, the local government utility, is obliged to take over the personnel employed at the time of takeover by the transferor either exclusively or overwhelmingly for the purpose of electricity distribution and supply in the given local supply area, regardless of their place of work. (orig./HSCH) [Deutsch] Paragraph 613a BGB ist auf die Uebertragung oertlicher Versorgungsnetze fuer die Energieversorgung in (ehemals) selbstaendigen Versorgungsgebieten anzuwenden. Entscheidend ist nach der staendigen Rechtsprechung des BAG hierfuer der Uebergang der fuer den Betrieb wesentlichen sachlichen Betriebsmittel sowie der Kundenbeziehungen, da der Erwerber der Anlagen mit ihrer Hilfe den gleichen arbeitstechnischen Zweck, die Aufrechterhaltung und Durchfuehrung der Stromversorgung, verfolgen kann wie der Veraeusserer. Bei Anwendung des Paragraph 613a BGB ist das erwerbende Stadtwerk verpflichtet, alle diejenigen Mitarbeiter des EVU zu uebernehmen, die im Uebernahmezeitpunkt ganz oder ueberwiegend fuer die Stromversorgung im jeweiligen Gebiet taetig waren, unabhaengig davon, welches ihr jeweiliger Taetigkeitsort ist. (orig./HSCH)

Fifty years of Erlangen radiochemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morell, W.

2007-01-01

On June 29, 2006, the Radiochemical Laboratory of AREVA NP GmbH (formerly Siemens AG) in Erlangen celebrated its fiftieth anniversary. The occasion was marked by an event attended by more than 1,000 guests, among them Werner Gebauhr, the 85-year-old founder and first head of the Laboratory; the Managing Directors of AREVA NP GmbH, Ralf Gueldner and Ruediger Steuerlein; representatives of universities, research institutions, power utilities, and public authorities. The present head of the Radiochemical Laboratory, Wilfred Morell, sketched the highlights of the work performed over the past fifty years, which ranged from solid-state and very-high-purity materials technologies to development and service activities for nuclear technology. Manfred Erve, head of the Technical Center of AREVA NP GmbH, of which the Radiochemical Laboratory is a part, emphasized the changes in priorities over the past fifty years, which had always been met successfully by Radiochemistry. In the scientific part of the event, Wolfgang Schwarz (E.ON Kernkraftwerk GmbH, KKW Isar), Ulf Ilg (EnBW Kraftwerk AG, KKW Philippsburg), and Hans-Josef Allelein (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH) explained 3 major subject areas in which Erlangen Radio-chemistry over many years has contributed basic findings (see other articles in this atw issue). On the occasion of the anniversary, a comprehensive booklet was published under the title of '50 Jahre Radiochemie Erlangen - 1956-2006'. (orig.)

EBF proteins participate in transcriptional regulation of Xenopus muscle development.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Yangsook Song; Vetter, Monica L

2011-10-01

EBF proteins have diverse functions in the development of multiple lineages, including neurons, B cells and adipocytes. During Drosophila muscle development EBF proteins are expressed in muscle progenitors and are required for muscle cell differentiation, but there is no known function of EBF proteins in vertebrate muscle development. In this study, we examine the expression of ebf genes in Xenopus muscle tissue and show that EBF activity is necessary for aspects of Xenopus skeletal muscle development, including somite organization, migration of hypaxial muscle anlagen toward the ventral abdomen, and development of jaw muscle. From a microarray screen, we have identified multiple candidate targets of EBF activity with known roles in muscle development. The candidate targets we have verified are MYOD, MYF5, M-Cadherin and SEB-4. In vivo overexpression of the ebf2 and ebf3 genes leads to ectopic expression of these candidate targets, and knockdown of EBF activity causes downregulation of the endogenous expression of the candidate targets. Furthermore, we found that MYOD and MYF5 are likely to be direct targets. Finally we show that MYOD can upregulate the expression of ebf genes, indicating the presence of a positive feedback loop between EBF and MYOD that we find to be important for maintenance of MYOD expression in Xenopus. These results suggest that EBF activity is important for both stabilizing commitment and driving aspects of differentiation in Xenopus muscle cells. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Low-cost waste incineration and recycling from the operator`s point of view; Kostenguenstige thermische Abfallverwertung und Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz aus Betreibersicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burgorf, J [Saarberg-Oekotechnic GmbH, Saarbruecken (Germany)

1998-09-01

The 1996 Act on Recycling and Waste Management specified that waste production should be reduced first of all, and that waste still produced should be recycled or used for power generation. Dumping and `classic` incineration are permissible only if it is the more acceptable solution from an environmental point of view. There are two categories of thermal treatment: Thermal treatment of `waste for dumping`, and use of the energy content of `waste for utilisation`. The contribution analyzes the effects of the law on future waste management concepts in consideration of the current situation of thermal treatment of residual waste. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das im Oktober 1996 in Kraft getretene Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz (KrW-/AbfG) schreibt in den Grundsaetzen der Kreislaufwirtschaft fest, dass Abfaelle in erster Linie zu vermeiden und in zweiter Linie stofflich oder energetisch zu verwerten sind. Die Beseitigung von Abfaellen - und darunter faellt auch die `klassische` Muellverbrennung - ist nur dann zugelassen, wenn sie gegenueber der Verwertung die umweltvertraeglichere Loesung darstellt. Fuer die thermische Behandlung von Abfaellen denfiniert das KrW-/AbfG deshalb zwei Wege mit unterschiedlichen Ansaetzen: Zum einen die thermische Behandlung von `Abfaellen zur Beseitigung`, wie sie bisher in vielen Anlagen zur Muellverbrennung realisiert worden ist und zum anderen die energetische Nutzung von `Abfaellen zur Verwertung`. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll die Auswirkung dieser Vorgabe auf zukuenftige Abfallwirtschaftskonzepte unter Beruecksichtigung der derzeitigen Situation der thermischen Restabfallbehandlung darstellen. (orig.)

New energy conversion processes and neglected auxiliary systems - a treasure trove for energy service providers; Neue Techniken und vernachlaessigte Nebenanlagen - eine Fundgrube fuer Energiedienstleister

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jochem, E.

1998-12-31

The paper shows that apart from the risks, the deregulation of the energy sector also offered new chances, which recently materialized in three emerging independent trends, initiating innovative approaches for energy conversion and applications and demand for new knowledge-based, near-production energy services as a new field for engineers: Providers of energy efficiency-related technology widen their capabilities by adding the new business segment of energy service marketing. Industrial energy users more strongly consider outsourcing of energy conversion systems and the relevant contracting schemes as an option for reducing energy costs. Public enterprise as energy users started following this trend, all the more as insufficient financial resources do not permit them to reinvest. The paper discusses the conversion processes which currently open up promising chances for energy service producers. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Neben Gefahren, die inhaerentes Merkmal der Liberalisierung sind, zeichnen sich drei unabhaengige Entwicklungen ab, die innovative Initiativen in der Energiewandlung und -nutzung staerken und wissensintensive produktionsnahe Dienstleistungen als zentrale Aufgabe fuer den Ingenieur initieren: - Die Energieeffizienz-Technologieanbieter nehmen die Energiedienstleistungen in ihre Angebotspalette auf. - Die betrieblichen Energieanwender beginnen zunehmend, ueber das Outsourcing energiewandelnder Anlagen Energiekosten zu senken. - Die oeffentliche Hand als Energieanwender beginnt aehnlich zu denken, zumal sie infolge der hohen Verschuldung unzureichende finanzielle Mittel fuer Reinvestitionen hat. Hierueber sei kurz berichtet, bevor auf die Techniken eingegangen wird, die sich besonders aus heutiger Sicht fuer Energiedienstleister eignen. (orig./RHM)

Optimum control strategy for phosphate elimination; Optimale Steuerstrategie zur Phosphatelimination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heinrich, D.

1997-12-31

This study describes the most common phosphate elimination techniques. In the simplest cases, the chemicals are dosed according to previously established time curves. Nowadays, by contrast, dosage in proportion to quantity is largely preferred. Freight-proportional dosage will be more frequently employed in the future at plants for a population of more than 10000. Since investigations revealed that the results obtained using control systems are inferior to those obtained by means of automatic control systems, the latter are increasingly used. Even if PID control devices perform best, overshoot is not to be avoided with certainty because of the long dead time. According to the current state of knowledge, matched control and automatic control systems yield the best results. Further optimization can be achieved by driving them via a fuzzy-based system. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Ausarbeitung wurden die gebraeuchlichsten Verfahren zur Phosphatelimination vorgestellt. In einfachsten Faellen wird die Dosierung nach festen Ganglinien vorgenommen. Sie wird heute weitgehend durch eine mengenproportionale Dosierung ersetzt. Frachtproportionale Dosierungen sind fuer Anlagen ueber 10.000 EW in Zukunft haeufiger zu finden. Nachdem die Untersuchungen gezeigt haben, dass Steuerungen nicht so gute Ergebnisse wie Reglungen ergaben, finden diese verstaerkt Anwendung. Auch wenn PID Regler das beste Ergebnis bringen, so kann mit Ihen wegen der langen Totzeiten ein Ueberschwingen nicht sicher vermieden werden. Nach heutiger Kenntnis erbringen aufeinander abgestimmte Steuer- und Reglungen die besten Ergebnisse. Werden sie ueber ein fuzzybasiertes System angesteuert, so ist eine weitere Optimierung gegeben. (orig.)

The 'Alte Ziegelei' small hydro-power installation in Derendingen, Switzerland; Kleinwasserkraftwerk alte Ziegelei in Derendingen. Programm Kleinwasserkraftwerke. Erfahrungs- und Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koehli, T.

2006-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) discusses the experience gained with a small hydro-power installation in Derendingen, Switzerland. This unique 'micro' installation uses an archimedian screw to produce 6.8 kW of power from a head of 1.15 m and a through-flow of 800 - 1000 litres per second. Optimisation of the project is discussed as are the effects of changing water levels above and below the screw. Winter operation is described and the mounting of gratings necessary to avoid the intake of debris is discussed. Fish-passes are looked at and the effort required for maintenance is compared with that for other types of installations. An accident that occurred is analysed and the results of energy-efficiency measurements made on the installation are presented. The report is rounded off with an evaluation of the plant's performance and a review of future work to be done.

Optical properties and microphysical characterization of single levitated aerosol particles. Final report; Optische Eigenschaften und mikrophysikalische Charakterisierung von einzeln levitierten Aerosolpartikeln. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leisner, T.; Vortisch, H.

2002-07-01

Composition, micro structure and phase of the sulfate aerosol particles in the stratosphere are crucial for their activity in the polar stratospheric ozone depletion and not well known until now. We have performed Raman spectroscopic laboratory investigations with model particles levitated in an electrodynamic balance under stratospheric conditions. We were able to obtain new results on the dynamics of phase transitions in such particles and on the type of metastable structures encountered after the freezing of heavily supercooled sulfuric acid solution. The compositions found were usually not consistent with the phase diagram. Sulfuric acid tetrahydrate was the dominant compound even when dilute solution nucleated. It was formed crystalline not immediately after nucleation but only when the particles approached the melting point. At lower temperatures a nanocrystalline and strongly disordered hydrate was observed. Our investigations help to arrive at a better understanding of the role of the sulfuric acid aerosol in stratospheric chemistry. (orig.) [German] Zusammensetzung, Mikrostruktur und Aggregatzustand der stratosphaerischen Schwefelsaeureaerosole bestimmen deren Aktivitaet im polaren Ozonabbau und sind bislang kaum erforscht. Unsere ramanspektroskopischen Laboruntersuchungen an Modellpartikeln in einem elektrodynamischen Levitator konnten hier neue Erkenntnisse zur Dynamik von Phasenumwandlungen sowie der Struktur metastabiler Zustaende liefern. Insbesondere wurden stark vom Phasendiagramm abweichende Zusammensetzungen als typisch erkannt. So konnte Schwefelsaeuretetrahydrat als das dominierende Hydrat bei der Nukleation auch verduennter Schwefelsaeureloesungen erkannt werden. Es bildet sich kritallin jedoch nicht direkt beim Gefrieren unterkuehlter Schwefelsaeureloesungen, sondern erst bei deren Annaeherung an den Schmelzpunkt. Vorher liegt ein nanokristallines und stark ungeordnetes Hydrat vor. Durch derartige Untersuchungen wird ein besseres Verstaendnis der Rolle der Schwefelsaeureaerosole in der Stratosphaerenchemie ermoeglicht. (orig.)

Operational and support concept for an exploratory company for deep geothermal energy; Betriebs- und Traegerschaftskonzept fuer eine Explorationsgesellschaft der tiefen Geothermie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keiser, U.; Goetz, R.; Glorr, R. Ch.

2009-08-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on an iterative process that involved a large number of representatives. These instances dealt with the entire value creation chain of projects concerning deep geothermal energy. The experts involved are listed. A series of workshops dealt with the knowledge thus obtained. The starting point of the process and the goals aimed for are discussed, as is the current situation regarding deep geothermal energy. The organisation and management of exploration projects are discussed as are investment costs and cost effectiveness. The financing of projects, operational and funding aspects are discussed. The need for action is examined and recommendations for further action are made. An appendix contains descriptions of representative examples and their costs.

Novel low harmonics 3-phase rectifiers for efficient motor systems; Novel low harmonics 3-phase rectifiers for efficient motor systems. Konzeptstudie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pietkiewicz, A.; Melly, S.; Tucker, A.; Haeberle, N. [Schaffner EMV AG, Luterbach (Switzerland); Biner, H.-P. [Haute Ecole Specialisee de Suisse occidentale, HES-SO Valais, Sion (Switzerland)

2010-07-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a concept study made concerning novel low harmonics 3-phase rectifiers for efficient motor systems. The harmonic distortions which are produced by these systems are discussed and ways of minimising them are examined. The authors discuss novel, passive, multi-pulse current splitters that are considered to be cost efficient, compact and highly-reliable harmonics mitigation concepts for three-phase loads. According to the authors, functional prototypes for a nominal load of 4 kW proved, in laboratory tests, the outstanding properties of multi-pulse current splitters with respect to harmonics cancellation and robustness against voltage asymmetry. The design process, prototype construction and application tests are discussed, as are energy-saving potentials and marketing aspects.

Development of a photoacoustic sensor system for the measurement of atmospheric soot aerosols. Final report; Weiterentwicklung und Charakterisierung des photoakustischen Russsensors. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kraemer, L.; Bozoki, Z.; Niessner, R.

2001-03-01

The photoacoustic soot sensor (PASS) has been optimised and characterised in this work to enable online atmospheric black carbon (BC) monitoring. The mobility of the sensor suited for outdoor measurements was already achieved by a former setup. The major technical modifications include the use of a new diode laser with an emission wavelength of 680 nm and an output power of 250 mW and the redesign of the photoacoustic resonance cell and all optical components. Additionally, most of the electronic compounds have been exchanged, e.g. function generator, microphone preamplifier, lock-in amplifier. Due to these modifications, the increase in the sensitivity of the system led to a detection limit in the order of 100 ng per m{sup 3}. The selectivity has been enhanced by the use of a magnetic valve, which enables the independent determination of particular and gaseous compounds of the sample. Cross-sensitivities to water vapor or nitrogen dioxide can be excluded by differential measurement. Any influence by other airborne atmospheric particles like scattering salt aerosols, desert dust or humic acid is negligable under atmospheric conditions as has been shown in laboratory experiments. For the determination of low atmospheric BC concentrations, the time resolution of the entire setup by employing a software controlled, automated measurement cycle equals {proportional_to}5 minutes. The PASS was tested in various field campaigns at different measurement sites to determine atmospheric BC (Munich-Grosshadern, Kleiner Feldberg) and diesel soot (AIDA, FZ Karlsruhe; diesel engine, DaimlerChrysler). (orig.)

Substance management in thermal waste treatment plants. Final report; Stoffmanagement in thermischen Abfallbehandlungsanlagen. Stand und Perspektiven der thermischen Abfallbehandlung in Europa. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leclaire, T; Meyer, B; Neumann, P; Schiemann, J; Schmidt, K G [Institut fuer Umwelttechnologie und Umweltanalytik e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg (Germany); Mast, P G [TAUW Umwelt GmbH, Mannheim (Germany)

1996-08-01

The report gives a general view of the actual state of development of the thermal waste treatment and the further need of research. It mentions the importance of the standarization of legal framework in the european waste management and the problems, that result from the internationalization of waste management and the conversion of European guidelines into national law. In 19 lectures with following discussions, which results are written down summed up together with the lectures, - the situation of the (thermal) waste treatment in different european states - the technologies of - municipal waste incineration - alternative thermal treatment methods - mechanical-biological waste treatment (in integrated treatment conceptions) - technical and organizational pretreatment methods and - posttreatment methods for residues mainly in the field of substance management - the present development, results of actual R and D plans and new trends are described. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Bericht bietet einen Ueberblick ueber den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand der thermischen Abfallbehandlung und den weiteren Forschungsbedarf. Er nennt die Bedeutung der Vereinheitlichung rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen in der europaeischen Abfallwirtschaft und Probleme, die aus der Internationalisierung der Abfallwirtschaft und der Umsetzung europaeischer Vorgaben in nationales Recht entstehen. In 19 Vortraegen und anschliessenden Diskussionen, deren Ergebnisse zusammengefasst gemeinsam mit den Vortragsmanuskripten dargestellt sind, werden - die Situation der (thermischen) Abfallbehandlung mehrerer europaeischer Staaten - die Technologien der - Siedlungsabfallverbrennung - alternativen thermischen Behandlungsverfahren - mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlung (in integrierten Behandlungskonzepten) - technischen und organisatorischen Vorbehandlungsmassnahmen und - Nachbehandlungsverfahren fuer Verbrennungsrueckstaende mit Schwerpunkt im Bereich des Stoffmanagements - die derzeitige Entwicklung, Ergebnisse aktueller Forschungsvorhaben und Tendenzen dargestellt. (orig.)

Cold-gas refrigerator without CFC. Construction and testing of a prototype. Final report; FCKW-freies Kaelteaggregat. Bau und Ausmessung eines Funktionsmusters. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malach, K. [Ingenieurschule Bern HTL, Bern (Switzerland)

1994-11-15

The idea of developing an innovative design in the area of cold-gas refrigerators led to our unique concept of an axially rotating device to create what amounts to a fluid `piston` actuated cooling cycle. Our refrigerator consists of two sections, identical in design, mirrored to one another along a rotating shaft. Each section consists of a bladed wheel, displacer, fluid, gas and a housing containing them all. The device is axisymmetric to the shaft with exception to the by design eccentric displacer. Rotation of the wheel and housing results, by centrifugal force, in a fluid ring on the inside of the housing. Pockets of gas develop on the wheel perimeter, confined in a cell bounded by the blades, displacer, fluid and the face of the housing separating the two sections. Each of these gas cells is connected to a counterpart cell in the second section through a closed channel in the rotating shaft. The channels represent the only interchange between the two sections and are capable of accommodating regenerative heat exchangers. While the bladed wheels and the housing rotate by being attached to the shaft, the displacer, free to spin around the shaft, is dragged along by the fluid. The displacer can be adjusted by design to have an eccentricity with respect to the shaft. This acts to periodically force/release fluid from the fluid ring into/out of the cells, thereby acting to decrease/increase the volume of the gas pocket. With this fluid `piston` the function of compression and expansion of the gas is achieved. Through optimal design of the eccentricity of displacer and its phase angle the machine can complete a thermodynamic cycle during a rotation of the shaft. If the machine is to work as a refrigerator (or heat pump), it will operate on the basis of the Philips Process. (author) figs., tabs., 9 refs.

Assessment of potential energy efficiency improvements in the traction sector of the Swiss Federal Railways; Potentialermittlung Energieeffizienz Traktion bei den SBB - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, M.; Menth, S.; Lerjen, M.

2007-07-01

Possibilities to reduce the consumption of 16.7-Hz traction energy of Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) have been investigated. Various proposals have been discussed together with experts of SBB's Passenger, Cargo and Infrastructure divisions. Based on numerical simulations for representative train runs, the total consumption of the SBB network could be calculated and compared with real values. The possible reduction e.g. by energy optimised driving could be derived from this comparison; it is between 3 and 5 % of the specific consumption both for the influence by train driver and by traffic control. Technical measures in traction units and passenger coaches lead to reductions of up to about 3%, depending on the vehicle type. It is important that all measures take into account the extremely dense traffic on SBB's network and do not reduce the attractiveness for the customers. (author)

Market analysis onshore wind farming; Marktanalyse Windenergie an Land

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-07-01

Windenergieanlagen abgebaut werden, bedeutet das einen Neubau von 3 - 5 GW pro Jahr im Zeitraum bis 2035. Die aktuellen Zubauzahlen unterstreichen, dass gegenwaertig hinreichend Flaechen zur Verfuegung stehen. Bei der Flaechenverfuegbarkeit bestehen aber grundsaetzlich Risiken. Die Planung zur Bereitstellung von geeigneten Flaechen ist in der Regel den entsprechenden Genehmigungsverfahren vorgeschaltet und hat einen sehr hohen Zeitbedarf. Dabei ist der Umfang der Flaechenentwicklung von einer Vielzahl von Vorgaben sowie sehr stark von der Akzeptanz vor Ort abhaengig. Bei der Frage der Akzeptanz kommt den Planungstraegern auf staatlicher Seite auch insbesondere den Entwicklern und Investoren eine sehr grosse Bedeutung zu. Die Bandbreite der heutigen Gestehungskosten liegt aktuell zwischen 6 und 9 Ct/kWh, wobei die ueberwiegende Mehrzahl der heute betriebenen Anlagen sowie der ermittelten Potentiale zwischen 7,5 und 9 Ct/kWh liegt. Von der ersten Projektidee bis zur Inbetriebnahme vergehen durchschnittlich 5 Jahre. Der deutsche Windenergiemarkt ist sehr kleinteilig. So liegt der Anteil kleiner Windparks mit weniger als 6 Anlagen bei ueber 60 % aller Windenergieanlagen. Weiterhin ist der Markt gepraegt durch eine grosse Akteursvielfalt. Aus dieser Akteursvielfalt ergibt sich ein grosser Wettbewerb um geeignete Flaechen, zugleich aber auch eine breite und vielfaeltige Flaechenentwicklung, was sich u.a. in aktuellen Zubauzahlen widerspiegelt. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Planungsansaetze in den Laendern und Regionen kommt den Planungstraegern eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Personelle Ressourcen sowie die Erfahrung mit der Windenergieplanung beeinflussen erheblich die raeumliche Steuerung der Windenergie. Bei den ueberregionalen Projektentwicklern sowie Herstellern besteht eine grosse Kenntnis ueber den deutschen Markt (Kosten, verfuegbare Flaechen etc.).

Formation of formaldehyde in biogas-engines and methods for reducing these emissions by exhaust-gas after-treatment; Entstehung von Formaldehydemissionen in Biogasmotoren und deren Verminderung durch inner- und nachmotorische Massnahmen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bauer, Markus; Wachtmeister, Georg; Prager, Maximilian [TU Muenchen (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen

2011-07-01

(BMU) following a resolution by the German Federal Parliament and attended by a Working Group of the Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen e.V (FVV, Research Association for Combustion Engines). (orig.) [German] In der Vergangenheit wurden an Biogasmotoren immer wieder Grenzwertueberschreitungen der in der Technischen Anweisung zur Reinhaltung der Luft (TA Luft) limitierten Formaldehydemissionen festgestellt. Fuer die zukuenftige Einhaltung dieses Grenzwertes an bestehenden und neuen Anlagen wurden am Lehrstuhl fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen im Rahmen des FVV-Forschungsvorhabens 918 die Ursachen und die Moeglichkeiten zur innermotorischen Verminderung dieser Emissionen untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Formaldehydemissionen nur sehr eingeschraenkt durch innermotorische Massnahmen verringert werden koennen, ohne Wirkungsgrad und Stickoxidemissionen negativ zu beeinflussen. Dies und eine zusaetzliche Verschaerfung der Grenzwerte im Januar 2009 durch LAI-Beschluss machen den Einsatz von Abgasnachbehandlungstechniken notwendig. Wegen der fehlenden Datenbasis ueber das Langzeitverhalten solcher Systeme im Biogasbetrieb wurden deshalb in einem weiteren Vorhaben zwei Modellanlagen mit unterschiedlichen Technologien zur Abgasnachbehandlung ueber sechs Monate hinweg hinsichtlich ihrer Formaldehydemissionen ueberwacht. Im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Klimadebatte und die Klimawirksamkeit von Methan, die eine zukuenftige Begrenzung dieser Emissionen erwarten laesst, wurden darueber hinaus auch die Methanemissionen dieser Anlagen untersucht. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, dass beide betrachteten Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien, Regenerative Thermische Oxidation (RTO) und Oxidationskatalysator (Oxi-Kat) grundsaetzlich geeignet sind, die geltenden Formaldehydgrenzwerte sicher zu unterschreiten. Es wurde jedoch auch klar, dass weiterer Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Dauerhaltbarkeit des Oxi-Kats und dem Instationaerbetrieb des RTO

Remotely handled and remotely operated valve, particularly for the hot part of radioactive plants. Fernhantierbare und fernbedienbare Armatur, insbesondere fuer den heissen Bereich radioaktiver Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radovan, G.; Sandling, M.J.; Davidson, J.W.; Blaseck, K.; Hoffmeister, L.; Westendorf, H.

1988-01-21

The valve consists of a valve whose valve housing is built into a pipeline. The wear parts of the valve to be replaced, such as the valve body and valve seat, are combined into a replacement part. The replacement part and a clamp act together so that the replacement part is interlocked with the valve housing in the closed operating position. The exchange can be made by undoing a single central screw.

Plant production, production energy, energy crops - approaches toward intelligent use of energy crops in bioenergy systems; Pflanzenproduktion, Produktionsenergie, Energiepflanzen - Ansaetze intelligenter Energiepflanzennutzung in Bioenergie-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheibler, M. [ENTEC Environment Technology Umwelttechnik GmbH, Fussach (Austria); Priedl, J.

2002-12-01

Food surplus production in the European Union should be replaced by biomass plantation for biogas production. The choice of energy plants like sunflowers or triticale and the harvesting time depends on soils, microclimates and crop rotation. The authors present a consultance package for planning, construction and operation of a Complete Stirred Reactor for biomass fermentation. Investment and operating cost depend on plant size and degree of automation. (uke)

Modelling and assessment of accident consequences: Development of a computer-assisted decision-support system RODOS/RESY for nuclear emergencies; Modellierung und Abschaetzung von Unfallfolgen: Entwicklung des rechnergestuetzen Entscheidungshilfesystems RODOS/RESY fuer kerntechnische Notfaelle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benz, G. [Dr. Trippe Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Karlsruhe (Germany); Ehrhardt, J. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Faude, D. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Fischer, F. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Hasemann, I. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Lorenz, A. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Meyer, D. [Dr. Trippe Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Karlsruhe (Germany); Paesler-Sauer, J. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Rafat, M. [Dr. Trippe Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Karlsruhe (Germany); Schichtel, T. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Schuele, O. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik; Steinhauer, C. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik

1995-08-01

In cooperation with NRPB, the specifications of the mainframe COSYMA version 95/1 and the PC COSYMA version 2.0 were prepared and the corresponding modifications implemented. Important improvements are dose-rate dependent models for deterministic health effects, the time dependent efficiency of stable iodine tablets, the extension of data bases for the inclusion of activation products, and supplementary evaluation programs. PC COSYMA has been completed by an economics module, further options in the ingestion pathways, and a graphics package for presenting assessment results. COSYMA has been applied for probabilistic dose assessments within paramter studies and special investigations of EPR concepts. RODOS, the real-time on-line decision support system for nuclear emergency management, has been further developed with the aim of the first pilot version 2.0 for pre-operational application in the second half of 1995. At present, some 20 institutes in the EU, 8 institutes in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, and 5 institutes in central and eastern European countries cooperate with FZKA/INR as main coordinator. The working meeting of all contractors in Interlaken (CH), 20-24 June 1994, lead to the consolidation of the international cooperation and a broad consensus about the future role and use of the RODOS-system, in particular in the Eastern countries. At the national level, the approval of a strategy and position paper on RODOS/RESY (the near range and early phase subsystem) by subcommittees of the German Radiation Protection Commission can be considered as a step further to the future use of the system in emergency centres of the Federal States. (orig./HP)

Development of a methodology for safety classification on a non-reactor nuclear facility illustrated using an specific example; Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Sicherheitsklassifizierung fuer eine kerntechnische Anlage ohne Reaktor an einem spezifischen Beispiel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheuermann, F.; Lehradt, O.; Traichel, A. [NUKEM Technologies Engineering Services GmbH, Alzenau (Germany)

2015-07-01

To realize the safety of personnel and environment systems and components of nuclear facilities are classified according to their potential danger into safety classes. Based on this classification different demands on the manufacturing quality result. The objective of this work is to present the standardized method developed by NUKEM Technologies Engineering Services for the categorization into the safety classes restricted to Non-reactor nuclear facilities (NRNF). Exemplary the methodology is used on the complex Russian normative system (four safety classes). For NRNF only the lower two safety classes are relevant. The classification into the lowest safety class 4 is accordingly if the maximum resulting dose following from clean-up actions in case of incidents/accidents remains below 20 mSv and the volume activity restrictions of set in NRB-99/2009 are met. The methodology is illustrated using an example. In short the methodology consists of: - Determination of the working time to remove consequences of incidents, - Calculation of the dose resulting from direct radiation and due to inhalation during these works. The application of this methodology avoids over-conservative approaches. As a result some previously higher classified equipment can be classified into the lower safety class.

Investigations on the photoelectrochemical decomposition of water using solar radiation (photolysis). Final report. Untersuchung zur photoelektrochemischen Wasserzersetzung mit Hilfe von Sonnenenergie (Photolyse). Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schindler, R N

1985-01-01

Laboratory experiments were carried out on illuminated TiO/sub 2/-electrodes to examine the possibility of conversion and storage of solar radiation in a chemical system especially as hydrogen from the photolysis of water. Methods of preparation of new photosensitive semiconducting electrodes were studied. For the preparation of the electrodes various technique of vapour deposition and surface treatment including ion implantation were employed. The thin-layered electrodes were characterized by absorption spectroscopy and by electrochemical methods. The results of the investigations are published in 29 original contributions quoted as references and in 3 PhD thesis of co-workers. Using solar radiation only small yields of hydrogen were obtained in the photolysis of water on TiO/sub 2/ electrodes. Nevertheless it is concluded that photoelectrochemistry possesses a high potential in photocatalysis and in investigations of photooxidation processes occurring in the atmosphere. (orig.) With 36 refs., 2 tabs., 56 figs.

Setup of a test facility for the ECH upper launcher in ITER; Aufbau eines Versuchsstandes fuer den ECH Upper Launcher in ITER. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scherer, T.; Aiello, G.; Meier, A.; Schreck, S.; Strauss, D.; Spaeh, P.; Vaccaro, A.

2015-07-01

In order to treat plasma instabilities in four of the upper ports in the ITER vacuum vessel electron-cyclotron launchers are installed. These consist essentially of a trapezoidally shaped steel construction, which contains the microwave components (essentially mirrors and waveguides). In the construction of such a launcher as essential given points the mechanical strength, the sufficient cooling of the system, effective screening of sensitive components against neutronic loads, as well as precise mountability must be regarded. The present reference design of the EC launcher is based on the so-called ''front-steering configuration'', in which the microwaves are fed through waveguides and through the diamond torus-window backward into the launcher and extend until around a third of the whole length of the launcher. From here the microwaves are further guided as quasi-optical beams via a mirror system forward to the plasma side of the launcher. There they are focused and fed via a set of adjustable mirrors to definite positions in the outerregions of the plasma. In order to assure that the microwave components are both protected against tha plasma and precisely positioned, their mounting in a stable, precise, and accessible structure is required. The extremely high requirements for such a structure, which exceed partly above hitherto typical and already industrially manufactured applications, make fabrication tests by means of certain sample objects as well as the construction of selected prototypes, which can also be used in view of their thermohydraulic suitability, indispensable.

Sewage sludge pyrolysis/conversion: disposal of sewage sludge with the production of oils. Final report; Klaerschlammpyrolyse/-konvertierung: Klaerschlammentsorgung mit Gewinnung von Oelen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weghaus, M.

1992-05-30

The BTX outputs were investigated in the sphere of medium temperature pyrolysis depending on temperature and retention time with the tests at the Technical College plant in Hannover-Langenhagen. The results show that a constant BTX output was achieved in the whole field of work. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit den Versuchen an der Technikumsanlage in Hannover/Langenhagen wurden im Bereich der Mitteltemperatur-Pyrolyse die BTX-Ausbeuten in Abhaengigkeit von Temperatur und Verweilzeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse weisen aus, dass im gesamten untersuchten Arbeitsbereich eine konstante BTX-Ausbeute erzielt wurde. (orig.)

Pressure and temperature measurements of cam follower and roller tappet in tribological contact. Final report; Druck- und Temperaturmessungen im Tribokontakt Nocken-Rollenstoessel. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noronha, A.P.; Glasser, S.; Sadeghi, F.

2002-12-20

Tribocontact between cam follower and roller tappet involves mixing and limiting friction states, which causes wear in the form of adhesive corrosion and pitting of surfaces. In cooperation with Purdue University, the influence of microgeometry (surface roughness) and macrogeometry (surface shape) was investigated in order to optimize lubrication for EHD lubrication conditions in contact, thus preventing wear and failure. This component project involves pressure and temperature measurements of cam follower and roller tappet tribocontact using flash-deposited thin film probes. The results are to provide information on design optimization. [German] Im Tribokontakt Nocken-Rollenstoessel herrschen vorwiegend Misch- und Grenzreibungszustaende. Dies fuehrt zu erheblichem Verschleiss in Form von adhaesiv bedingtem Fressen und Pittingbildung durch Oberflaechenzerruettung. Ziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens ist es, in Kooperation mit der Partnerhochschule ''Purdue University'' in den USA, den Einfluss der Mikrogeometrie (Oberflaechenrauheiten) und Makrogeometrie (Oberflaechenform) des Tribokontaktes Nocken-Rollenstoessel hinsichtlich des Betriebsverhaltens zu untersuchen, um Kenntnisse zur Verbesserung der Schmierbedingungen zu gewinnen, so dass im Kontakt elastohydrodynamische (EHD) Schmierungsverhaeltnisse realisiert werden und dadurch ein Ausfall aufgrund von Verschleiss ausgeschlossen wird. Im Rahmen dieses Teilvorhabens sollten Druck- und Temperaturmessungen mittels aufgedampfter Duennschichtaufnehmer im Tribokontakt, Nocken-Rollenstoessel, durchgefuehrt werden, um die theoretischen Forschungsarbeiten, welche in der Purdue University erarbeitet werden, zu untermauern. Beide Arbeiten werden somit neue Erkenntnisse zur konstruktiven Auslegung von verschleissfreien Nocken-Stoessel-Paarungen liefern. (orig.)

Investigation of corrosion and wear mechanisms in hard material-reinforced duplex steel coatings; Untersuchungen zum Korrosions- und Verschleissverhalten von hartstoffverstaerkten `Duplex`-Schutzschichten. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bouaifi, B. [Technische Univ. Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany). Inst. fuer Schweisstechnik und Trennende Fertigungsverfahren; Goellner, J. [Technische Univ. Magdeburg (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstofftechnik und Werkstoffpruefung

1998-09-30

The hard-material reinforced duplex steel coatings were deposited by plasma arc two-powder surfacing. By varying the angle of the hard materials feeding process, the deposition of the carbides was optimized so that they are deposited into the matrix in the trailing zone of the welding torch under conditions of very low thermal effects near the freezing point of the weld pool. Microstructural studies revealed that the deposition of the hard materials prevents devlopment of the typical, ferritic-austenitic microstructure of duplex steels. Due to a dissolution and diffusion process, the microstructure of the matrix takes up carbon and chromium or tungsten, depending on the carbide, thus enhancing the austenitic material in the microstructure. The wear behaviour of the surface deposits was found to be very good, wear being reduced by a factor of 6, irrespective of the type of carbide. The friction-affected surfaces showed no dissolving effects or cracking. The corrosion behaviour in sulfuric acid is also good. The welded deposits exhibited the typical behaviour of a passive material. Wear mechanisms slightly reduce the resistance. The behaviour of various specimens in artificial seawater could be distinctly assessed. Small grain fractions and pre-heating temperatures of 100 C have a beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance. The technique recommends itself for applications such as coatings for baffle plates used in flue gas desulfurisation, pipes, pump components, flanges or nozzles, or for recurrent coating of system components affected by abrasive corrosion. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Zur Herstellung hartstoffverstaerkter Duplex-Beschichtungen wurde das Plasma-Zwei-Pulver-Auftragschweissverfahren verwendet. Hierbei wurde durch Variation des Zufuhrwinkels der Hartstoffe der Einbringungsort der Karbide optimiert, so dass diese im Nachlauf des Schweissbrenners mit sehr geringer thermischer Beeinflussung im erstarrungsnahen Schmelzbadbereich in die Matrix eingelagert werden konnten. Mikrostrukturuntersuchungen zeigten, dass sich durch die Einlagerung von Hartstoffen nicht mehr das typische ferritisch-austenitische Gefuege von Duplexstahl einstellt. Durch Aufloesung und Diffusion reichert sich das Matrixgefuege mit Kohlenstoff und je nach Karbid mit Chrom bzw. Wolfram an, was zu einer Erhoehung der austenitischen Gefuegebestandteile fuehrt. Das Verschleissverhalten der Auftragschweissungen ist sehr gut. Der Abtrag verringert sich unabhaengig von der Karbidart um den Faktor 6. Die Reibflaechen zeigen keine Ausloesungen oder Rissbildung. Das Korrosionsverhalten in Schwefelsaeure ist ebenfalls gut. Die Schweissungen zeigen das typische Verhalten eines passiven Werkstoffes. Die Bestaendigkeit sinkt etwas nach Verschleissbeanspruchung. In kuenstlichem Meerwasser ist eine gute Differenzierung einzelner Proben moeglich. Kleine Kornfraktionen und Vorwaermtemperaturen von 100 C wirken sich positiv auf die Korrosionsbestaendigkeit aus. Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten ergeben sich bei der Beschichtung von Prallblechen in REA-Becken, Rohrleitungen, Pumpenteilen, Flanschen oder Stutzen, aber auch generell fuer die Regeneration korrosiv/abrasiv beanspruchter Anlagenkomponenten. (orig.)

Power engineering. Systems for energy conversion. Compact knowledge for study and profession. 4. upd. and enl. ed.; Energietechnik. Systeme zur Energieumwandlung. Kompaktwissen fuer Studium und Beruf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zahoransky, Richard A.

2009-07-01

This textbook imparts to the reader a fundamental understanding for relations of energy conversion processes. It comprises the total spectra of energy engineering, starting with fundamentals of energy process engineering via description of operating power plants (all types) to energy distribution and - storage. Main topics are sustainable energy systems from renewable energy sources. combined systems (e.g. Gas/steam turbine power plants) and plants with cogeneration (e.g. modular cogeneration plants). A new chapter Kyoto-Protocol was created as a concept of emissions-free coal-fired power plants. A new wording for deregulation of energy markets was received. Numerous texts and graphs were been revised. Chapter 18 ''Deregulation of Energy Markets'' is newly revised. Due to its didactic concepts the book directs not only to students but also everybody, who is inerested into actual questions of energy engineering. (org./GL) [German] Dieses Lehrbuch vermittelt dem Leser ein grundlegendes Verstaendnis fuer die Zusammenhaenge der Energieumwandlungsprozesse. Es umfasst die gesamte Bandbreite der Energietechnik. Die Schwerpunkte reichen von nachhaltigen, erneuerbaren Energietechniken, Kombianlagen (z.B. Gas- und Dampfturbinen-Kraftwerke) ueber Anlagen mit Kraft-Waerme-Kaelte-Kopplung bis hin zum Kyoto-Protokoll. Die 4. Auflage beinhaltet erstmals Uebungsaufgaben mit ausfuehrlichen Loesungen zu den einzelnen Kapiteln. Mehrere Kapitel sind aktualisiert. Das Kapitel 18 ''Liberalisierung der Energiemaerkte'' ist neu gefasst. Aus dem Inhalt Energietechnische Grundlagen - Dampfkraftwerke - Kernkraftwerke - Gasturbinen - Kombinationskraftwerke - Stationaere Kolbenmotoren - Brennstoffzellen - Kraft-Waerme-Kaelte-Kopplung - Wasserkraft - Solartechnik - Windenergie - Biomasse - Geothermie - Energetische Muellverwertung - Energieverteilung und -speicherung - Liberalisierung der Energiemaerkte - Kyoto-Protokoll. (orig.)

Methodology, status and plans for development and assessment of the code ATHLET

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teschendorff, V.; Austregesilo, H.; Lerchl, G. [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH Forschungsgelaende, Garching (Germany)

1997-07-01

The thermal-hydraulic computer code ATHLET (Analysis of THermal-hydraulics of LEaks and Transients) is being developed by the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) for the analysis of anticipated and abnormal plant transients, small and intermediate leaks as well as large breaks in light water reactors. The aim of the code development is to cover the whole spectrum of design basis and beyond design basis accidents (without core degradation) for PWRs and BWRs with only one code. The main code features are: advanced thermal-hydraulics; modular code architecture; separation between physical models and numerical methods; pre- and post-processing tools; portability. The code has features that are of special interest for applications to small leaks and transients with accident management, e.g. initialization by a steady-state calculation, full-range drift-flux model, dynamic mixture level tracking. The General Control Simulation Module of ATHLET is a flexible tool for the simulation of the balance-of-plant and control systems including the various operator actions in the course of accident sequences with AM measures. The code development is accompained by a systematic and comprehensive validation program. A large number of integral experiments and separate effect tests, including the major International Standard Problems, have been calculated by GRS and by independent organizations. The ATHLET validation matrix is a well balanced set of integral and separate effects tests derived from the CSNI proposal emphasizing, however, the German combined ECC injection system which was investigated in the UPTF, PKL and LOBI test facilities.

Towards Regeneration of Articular Cartilage

Science.gov (United States)

Iwamoto, Masahiro; Ohta, Yoichi; Larmour, Colleen; Enomoto-Iwamoto, Motomi

2014-01-01

Articular cartilage is classified into permanent hyaline cartilage and has significant differences in structure, extracelluar matrix components, gene expression profile, and mechanical property from transient hyaline cartilage found in growth plate. In the process of synovial joint development, articular cartilage is originated from the interzone, developing at the edge of the cartilaginous anlagen, it establishes zonal structure over time and supports smooth movement of the synovial joint through life. The cascade actions of key regulators such as Wnts, GDF5, Erg, and PTHLH coordinate sequential steps of articular cartilage formation. Articular chondrocytes are restrictedly controlled not to differentiate into a hypertrophic stage by autocrine and paracrine factors and extracerllular matrix microenvironment, but retain potential to undergo hypertrophy. The basal calcified zone of articular cartilage is connected with subchondral bone, but not invaded by blood vessels nor replaced by bone, which is highly contrasted with the growth plate. Articular cartilage has limited regenerative capacity, but likely possesses and potentially uses intrinsic stem cell source in the superficial layer, Ranvier’s groove, the intra-articular tissues such as synovium and fat pad, and marrow below the subchondral bone. Considering the biological views on articular cartilage, several important points are raised for regeneration of articular cartilage. We should evaluate the nature of regenerated cartilage as permanent hyaline cartilage and not just hyaline cartilage. We should study how a hypertrophic phenotype of transplanted cells can be lastingly suppressed in regenerating tissue. Further, we should develop the methods and reagents to activate recruitment of intrinsic stem/progenitor cells into the damaged site. PMID:24078496

Differential gene expression underlying ovarian phenotype determination in honey bee, Apis mellifera L., caste development.

Science.gov (United States)

Lago, Denyse Cavalcante; Humann, Fernanda Carvalho; Barchuk, Angel Roberto; Abraham, Kuruvilla Joseph; Hartfelder, Klaus

2016-12-01

Adult honey bee queens and workers drastically differ in ovary size. This adult ovary phenotype difference becomes established during the final larval instar, when massive programmed cell death leads to the degeneration of 95-99% of the ovariole anlagen in workers. The higher juvenile hormone (JH) levels in queen larvae protect the ovaries against such degeneration. To gain insights into the molecular architecture underlying this divergence critical for adult caste fate and worker sterility, we performed a microarray analysis on fourth and early fifth instar queen and worker ovaries. For the fourth instar we found nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log 2 FC > 1.0, but this number increased to 56 in early fifth-instar ovaries. We selected 15 DEGs for quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Nine differed significantly by the variables caste and/or development. Interestingly, genes with enzyme functions were higher expressed in workers, while those related to transcription and signaling had higher transcript levels in queens. For the RT-qPCR confirmed genes we analyzed their response to JH. This revealed a significant up-regulation for two genes, a short chain dehydrogenase reductase (sdr) and a heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). Five other genes, including hsp60 and hexamerin 70b (hex70b), were significantly down-regulated by JH. The sdr gene had previously come up as differentially expressed in other transcriptome analyses on honey bee larvae and heat shock proteins are frequently involved in insect hormone responses, this making them interesting candidates for further functional assays. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Autonomous shading and light deflection systems; Autarke Sonnenschutz- und Lichtlenksysteme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klotz, F.H. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany)

1998-02-01

The motivations for solar control and daylighting systems at buildings are the reduced use of conventional energy and the improved comfort, for living as well as for working. Light guiding devices can be used in order to obtain daylight still in the deep interior of a building or in order to illuminate special targets. Due to the daily and seasonal changes in the Sun`s position, these devices must be constantly adapted. Using simple and reliable passive thermohydraulic drive technology, many applications for daylighting systems become feasible which were of merely theoretical interest in the past. ZSW has started an initiative for the development of such building-integrated solar systems. This report shows the latest results. (orig.) [Deutsch] Energie- und Umweltaspekte sowie neuere Erkenntnisse der Chronobiologie fordern eine intelligentere und effizientere Architektur und Gebaeudetechnik. Eine zentrale Rolle spielen dabei die transparenten Bauteile (Fenster, Glasfassaden, Atrien, Oberlichter, etc.), da dort der hauptsaechliche Energieaustausch (Waerme, Luft) stattfindet. Eine wirksame Kontrolle dieses Energieflusses - im Kontext der saisonalen und diurnalen Schwankungn der Sonneneinstrahlung - ist der Schluessel zur Reduktion des Gebaeudeenergiebedarfs (Heizung, Kuehlung, Beleuchtung, Lueftung) und der Steigerung des visuellen und thermischen Komforts. Es wurde eine Entwicklungsinitiative fuer passive thermohydraulisch gefuehrte Sonnenschutz- und Lichtlenksysteme gestartet, die durch die Sonne selbst mit Energie versorgt und reguliert werden und damit vollkommen autark sind. Hieraus ergibt sich ein hohes Kostenreduktionspotential fuer den Betrieb solcher Anlagen. Ein Meilenstein dieser Entwicklungen ist der von ZSW fuer die Sonnenlichtlenkung entwickelte erste passive zweiachsig nachgefuehrte Heliostat, welcher bereits seit 16 Monaten stoerungsfrei in Betrieb ist. (orig.)

FoxA4 favours notochord formation by inhibiting contiguous mesodermal fates and restricts anterior neural development in Xenopus embryos.

Science.gov (United States)

Murgan, Sabrina; Castro Colabianchi, Aitana Manuela; Monti, Renato José; Boyadjián López, Laura Elena; Aguirre, Cecilia E; Stivala, Ernesto González; Carrasco, Andrés E; López, Silvia L

2014-01-01

In vertebrates, the embryonic dorsal midline is a crucial signalling centre that patterns the surrounding tissues during development. Members of the FoxA subfamily of transcription factors are expressed in the structures that compose this centre. Foxa2 is essential for dorsal midline development in mammals, since knock-out mouse embryos lack a definitive node, notochord and floor plate. The related gene foxA4 is only present in amphibians. Expression begins in the blastula -chordin and -noggin expressing centre (BCNE) and is later restricted to the dorsal midline derivatives of the Spemann's organiser. It was suggested that the early functions of mammalian foxa2 are carried out by foxA4 in frogs, but functional experiments were needed to test this hypothesis. Here, we show that some important dorsal midline functions of mammalian foxa2 are exerted by foxA4 in Xenopus. We provide new evidence that the latter prevents the respecification of dorsal midline precursors towards contiguous fates, inhibiting prechordal and paraxial mesoderm development in favour of the notochord. In addition, we show that foxA4 is required for the correct regionalisation and maintenance of the central nervous system. FoxA4 participates in constraining the prospective rostral forebrain territory during neural specification and is necessary for the correct segregation of the most anterior ectodermal derivatives, such as the cement gland and the pituitary anlagen. Moreover, the early expression of foxA4 in the BCNE (which contains precursors of the whole forebrain and most of the midbrain and hindbrain) is directly required to restrict anterior neural development.

Relativistic exotic nuclei as projectile beams. New perspectives of studies on the properties of nuclei; Relativistische exotische Kerne als Projektilstrahlen. Neue Perspektiven zum Studium der Kerneigenschaften

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geissel, H

1997-03-01

Examinations of the production cross-sections and the kinematics permitted refinement of model concepts of the peripheral reactions in exotic nuclei at energies from 100 to 1000 A MeV. Due to the strong selectivity and resolution achieved it was possible to discover a large number of novel isotopes at the fragment separator FRS, despite the relatively low projectile beam intensities of the SIS. The two twice magic nuclei found, Ni 78 and Sn 100, are particularly interesting, as they could not be measured so far with other experimental systems. Fission of relativistic uranium ions proved to be a particularly successful process yielding many medium-heavy, neutron-rich nuclei. Insight into the structure of light neutron halos could be improved. The superlarge spatial dimensions of the nuclear halos is discussed. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die Untersuchungen der Produktionsquerschnitte und der Kinematik fuehr ten zu einer Verfeinerung der Modellvorstellungen der peripheren Kernr eaktionen an exotischen Kernen bei Energien im Bereich von 100- 1000 A MeV. Die hohe Selektivitaet und Aufloesung waren die Voraussetzung, da ss schon bei den vergleichsweise niedrigen Projektilstrahlintensitaete n des SIS eine grosse Anzahl von neuen Isotopen am Fragmentseparator F RS entdeckt werden konnten. Besonders erwaehnenswert sind die beiden d oppelt magischen Kerne Ni 78 und Sn 100, die mit anderen experimentel len Anlagen vorher nicht zugaenglich waren.Die Spaltung relativistisch er Uranionen hat sich als eine besonders ergiebige Quelle fuer mittels chwere neutronenreiche Kerne erwiesen. Die Kenntnisse der Struktur lei chter Neutronen- Halokerne konnten erweitert werden. Die uebergrosse r aeumliche Ausdehnung der Halokerne wurde aufgezeigt.

IPSN international activities in 1999

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2000-01-01

This article is a reprint of a chapter taken from the 1999 activity report of the French Institute of Nuclear Protection and Safety (IPSN) and devoted to the international activities of the IPSN, in particular the cooperation of IPSN with its German homologue GRS (Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit): assistance to Eastern Europe countries (development of regulation and constitution of safety files in Ukraine, transfer of computer codes and training, safety evaluation of the Mochvce nuclear power plant in Slovakia, reduction of the risks generated by the Tchernobyl shelter, assistance for the decommissioning of the Tchernobyl power plant, analysis of improvements proposed for the Medzamor unit 2 of Armenia, evaluation of fire hazard risks, assistance to Lithuania for the licensing of the Ignalina 1 unit); cooperation with China; international cooperation about the methods and tools for crisis management; international collaboration about IPSN's serious accident codes; extension of cooperation with Japan in radiation protection and radio-ecology; nuclear safety exercises in Russia and Armenia; development of Russia's national control of nuclear materials; collaboration with the medical radiological research center of Obninsk (Russia); radiation protection assistance in Turkey after a source accident; neutron measurements at the Vandellos 2 power plant (Spain); European intercomparison of neutron dosimetry; international intercomparison of uranium dosimetry in urines; participation to European research programs; construction of a database about the Tchernobyl accident consequences; organization of the Eurosafe European forum on the safety of nuclear facilities; development and validation of the Astec computer code for the simulation of nuclear accidents; evaluation report concerning the French-German EPR reactor project. (J.S.)

Acetylcholinesterase Regulates Skeletal In Ovo Development of Chicken Limbs by ACh-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janine Spieker

Full Text Available Formation of the vertebrate limb presents an excellent model to analyze a non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS. Here, we first analyzed the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE by IHC and of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT by ISH in developing embryonic chicken limbs (stages HH17-37. AChE outlined formation of bones, being strongest at their distal tips, and later also marked areas of cell death. At onset, AChE and ChAT were elevated in two organizing centers of the limb anlage, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER and zone of polarizing activity (ZPA, respectively. Thereby ChAT was expressed shortly after AChE, thus strongly supporting a leading role of AChE in limb formation. Then, we conducted loss-of-function studies via unilateral implantation of beads into chicken limb anlagen, which were soaked in cholinergic components. After varying periods, the formation of cartilage matrix and of mineralizing bones was followed by Alcian blue (AB and Alizarin red (AR stainings, respectively. Both acetylcholine (ACh- and ChAT-soaked beads accelerated bone formation in ovo. Notably, inhibition of AChE by BW284c51, or by the monoclonal antibody MAB304 delayed cartilage formation. Since bead inhibition of BChE was mostly ineffective, an ACh-independent action during BW284c51 and MAB304 inhibition was indicated, which possibly could be due to an enzymatic side activity of AChE. In conclusion, skeletogenesis in chick is regulated by an ACh-dependent cholinergic system, but to some extent also by an ACh-independent aspect of the AChE protein.

Disorders of the pediatric pancreas: imaging features

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nijs, Els; Callahan, Michael J.; Taylor, George A.

2005-01-01

The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the normal development of the pancreas as well as pancreatic pathology in children. Diagnostic imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of the pancreas in infants and children. Familiarity with the range of normal appearance and the diseases that commonly affect this gland is important for the accurate and timely diagnosis of pancreatic disorders in the pediatric population. Normal embryology is discussed, as are the most common congenital anomalies that occur as a result of aberrant development during embryology. These include pancreas divisum, annular pancreas, agenesis of the dorsal pancreatic anlagen and ectopic pancreatic tissue. Syndromes that can manifest pancreatic pathology include: Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Children and adults with cystic fibrosis and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome frequently present with pancreatic insufficiency. Trauma is the most common cause of pancreatitis in children. In younger children, unexplained pancreatic injury must always alert the radiologist to potential child abuse. Pancreatic pseudocysts are a complication of trauma, but can also be seen in the setting of acute or chronic pancreatitis from other causes. Primary pancreatic neoplasms are rare in children and are divided into exocrine tumors such as pancreatoblastoma and adenocarcinoma and into endocrine or islet cell tumors. Islet cell tumors are classified as functioning (insulinoma, gastrinoma, VIPoma and glucagonoma) and nonfunctioning tumors. Solid-cystic papillary tumor is probably the most common pancreatic tumor in Asian children. Although quite rare, secondary tumors of the pancreas can be associated with certain primary malignancies. (orig.)

Methodology, status and plans for development and assessment of the code ATHLET

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teschendorff, V.; Austregesilo, H.; Lerchl, G.

1997-01-01

The thermal-hydraulic computer code ATHLET (Analysis of THermal-hydraulics of LEaks and Transients) is being developed by the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) for the analysis of anticipated and abnormal plant transients, small and intermediate leaks as well as large breaks in light water reactors. The aim of the code development is to cover the whole spectrum of design basis and beyond design basis accidents (without core degradation) for PWRs and BWRs with only one code. The main code features are: advanced thermal-hydraulics; modular code architecture; separation between physical models and numerical methods; pre- and post-processing tools; portability. The code has features that are of special interest for applications to small leaks and transients with accident management, e.g. initialization by a steady-state calculation, full-range drift-flux model, dynamic mixture level tracking. The General Control Simulation Module of ATHLET is a flexible tool for the simulation of the balance-of-plant and control systems including the various operator actions in the course of accident sequences with AM measures. The code development is accompained by a systematic and comprehensive validation program. A large number of integral experiments and separate effect tests, including the major International Standard Problems, have been calculated by GRS and by independent organizations. The ATHLET validation matrix is a well balanced set of integral and separate effects tests derived from the CSNI proposal emphasizing, however, the German combined ECC injection system which was investigated in the UPTF, PKL and LOBI test facilities

Dysphagia and disrupted cranial nerve development in a mouse model of DiGeorge (22q11 deletion syndrome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beverly A. Karpinski

2014-02-01

Full Text Available We assessed feeding-related developmental anomalies in the LgDel mouse model of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS, a common developmental disorder that frequently includes perinatal dysphagia – debilitating feeding, swallowing and nutrition difficulties from birth onward – within its phenotypic spectrum. LgDel pups gain significantly less weight during the first postnatal weeks, and have several signs of respiratory infections due to food aspiration. Most 22q11 genes are expressed in anlagen of craniofacial and brainstem regions critical for feeding and swallowing, and diminished expression in LgDel embryos apparently compromises development of these regions. Palate and jaw anomalies indicate divergent oro-facial morphogenesis. Altered expression and patterning of hindbrain transcriptional regulators, especially those related to retinoic acid (RA signaling, prefigures these disruptions. Subsequently, gene expression, axon growth and sensory ganglion formation in the trigeminal (V, glossopharyngeal (IX or vagus (X cranial nerves (CNs that innervate targets essential for feeding, swallowing and digestion are disrupted. Posterior CN IX and X ganglia anomalies primarily reflect diminished dosage of the 22q11DS candidate gene Tbx1. Genetic modification of RA signaling in LgDel embryos rescues the anterior CN V phenotype and returns expression levels or pattern of RA-sensitive genes to those in wild-type embryos. Thus, diminished 22q11 gene dosage, including but not limited to Tbx1, disrupts oro-facial and CN development by modifying RA-modulated anterior-posterior hindbrain differentiation. These disruptions likely contribute to dysphagia in infants and young children with 22q11DS.

Disorders of the pediatric pancreas: imaging features

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nijs, Els [University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven (Belgium); Callahan, Michael J.; Taylor, George A. [Boston Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA (United States)

2005-04-01

The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the normal development of the pancreas as well as pancreatic pathology in children. Diagnostic imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of the pancreas in infants and children. Familiarity with the range of normal appearance and the diseases that commonly affect this gland is important for the accurate and timely diagnosis of pancreatic disorders in the pediatric population. Normal embryology is discussed, as are the most common congenital anomalies that occur as a result of aberrant development during embryology. These include pancreas divisum, annular pancreas, agenesis of the dorsal pancreatic anlagen and ectopic pancreatic tissue. Syndromes that can manifest pancreatic pathology include: Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Children and adults with cystic fibrosis and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome frequently present with pancreatic insufficiency. Trauma is the most common cause of pancreatitis in children. In younger children, unexplained pancreatic injury must always alert the radiologist to potential child abuse. Pancreatic pseudocysts are a complication of trauma, but can also be seen in the setting of acute or chronic pancreatitis from other causes. Primary pancreatic neoplasms are rare in children and are divided into exocrine tumors such as pancreatoblastoma and adenocarcinoma and into endocrine or islet cell tumors. Islet cell tumors are classified as functioning (insulinoma, gastrinoma, VIPoma and glucagonoma) and nonfunctioning tumors. Solid-cystic papillary tumor is probably the most common pancreatic tumor in Asian children. Although quite rare, secondary tumors of the pancreas can be associated with certain primary malignancies. (orig.)

Development of hemipenes in the ball python snake Python regius.

Science.gov (United States)

Leal, Francisca; Cohn, Martin J

2015-01-01

Within amniotes, external copulatory organs have undergone extensive morphological diversification. One of the most extreme examples is squamate (lizards and snakes) hemipenes, which are paired copulatory organs that extend from the lateral margins of the cloaca. Here, we describe the development of hemipenes in a basal snake, the ball python (Python regius). Snake hemipenes arise as a pair of lateral swellings on either side of the caudal part of the cloaca, and these paired outgrowths persist to form the left and right hemipenes. In non-squamate amniotes, external genitalia form from paired swellings that arise on the anterior side of the cloaca, which then fuse medially to form a single genital tubercle, the anlagen of the penis or clitoris. Whereas in non-squamate amniotes, Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-expressing cells of the cloacal endoderm form the urethral or sulcus epithelium and are required for phallus outgrowth, the hemipenes of squamates lack an endodermal contribution, and the sulcus does not express Shh. Thus, snake hemipenes differ from the genital tubercles of non-squamate amniotes both in their embryonic origins and in at least part of patterning mechanisms, which raises the possibility that hemipenes may not be direct homologs of the unpaired amniote penis. Nonetheless, we find that some developmental genes show similar expression patterns in snake hemipenes buds and non-squamate genital tubercles, suggesting that homologous developmental mechanisms are involved in aspects of external genital development across amniotes, even when these structures may have different developmental origins and may have arisen independently during evolution.

Cartilage-selective genes identified in genome-scale analysis of non-cartilage and cartilage gene expression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cohn Zachary A

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cartilage plays a fundamental role in the development of the human skeleton. Early in embryogenesis, mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes to shape the early skeleton. Subsequently, the cartilage anlagen differentiate to form the growth plates, which are responsible for linear bone growth, and the articular chondrocytes, which facilitate joint function. However, despite the multiplicity of roles of cartilage during human fetal life, surprisingly little is known about its transcriptome. To address this, a whole genome microarray expression profile was generated using RNA isolated from 18–22 week human distal femur fetal cartilage and compared with a database of control normal human tissues aggregated at UCLA, termed Celsius. Results 161 cartilage-selective genes were identified, defined as genes significantly expressed in cartilage with low expression and little variation across a panel of 34 non-cartilage tissues. Among these 161 genes were cartilage-specific genes such as cartilage collagen genes and 25 genes which have been associated with skeletal phenotypes in humans and/or mice. Many of the other cartilage-selective genes do not have established roles in cartilage or are novel, unannotated genes. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the unique pattern of gene expression observed by microarray analysis. Conclusion Defining the gene expression pattern for cartilage has identified new genes that may contribute to human skeletogenesis as well as provided further candidate genes for skeletal dysplasias. The data suggest that fetal cartilage is a complex and transcriptionally active tissue and demonstrate that the set of genes selectively expressed in the tissue has been greatly underestimated.

Report on the research projects into the safety of nuclear power plants in operation sponsored by Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. Period under report: 1 January - 30 June 2004

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-01-01

Within its competence for energy research, the Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Arbeit (BMWA) (Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour) sponsors research projects into the safety of nuclear power plants in operation. The objective of these projects is to provide fundamental knowledge, procedures and methods to contribute to realistic safety assessments of nuclear installations and to the further development of safety technology. The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order of the BMWA, continuously issues information on the status of such research projects by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the research organisations themselves as documentation of their progress in work. The reports are published by the Research Management Division of GRS. The compilation of the reports is classified according to general topics related to reactor safety research. Further, use is made of the classification system 'Joint Safety Research Index' of the CEC (Commission of the European Communities). The reports are arranged in sequence of their project numbers. It has to be pointed out that the authors of the reports are responsible for the contents of this compilation. The BMWA does not take any responsibility for the correctness, exactness and completeness of the information nor for the observance of private claims of third parties. (orig.)