Chernobyl or Hiroshima?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deserno, H.

1987-01-01

The so called peaceful use of atomic power is an ideology specifically apt for appeasement in an illusionary way: although everyone could know about the desastrous effects of radioactivity since Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the civil use of atomic power serves to demonstrate, that the incompatibility of radionuclides with health and life could be controlled and mastered. In this context the civil use of atomic power appears as an instrument of social control. (orig.) [de

Japan - From Hiroshima to Fukushima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pons, Philippe; Guillain, Robert; Pedroletti, Brice; Bouc, Alain; Vichney, Nicolas; Izraelewicz, Erik; Mesmer, Philippe; Fenoglio, Jerome

2013-01-01

This publication proposes a set of articles published by Le Monde and which addressed some important events of the history of the Japanese society since the destruction of Hiroshima by the first atomic bomb until the Fukushima accident. The addressed facts and events are: the destruction of Hiroshima, the surrender of Japan, the end of the peculiar status of the emperor, the strong growth period from the 1950's to the 1980's (the revival of Japanese trusts, industrial pollution in Minamata, the activists of Zengakuren, the Osaka exhibition, Mishima's suicide, nuclear and data processing are defined as national priorities), the lost decades 1990-2010 (a new emperor, the Kobe earthquake, the increasing gap between the society and the political class, life and death in Toyota, demographic decline, etc.). The last articles address the Fukushima accident, and propose some photos and an interview with the Japanese Prime Minister

Cytogenetics of the in-utero exposed of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Supplemental report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neriishi, S; Shimba, H [Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki (Japan)

1978-04-01

The presence of chimaerism in peripheral lymphocyte chromosome 21 years after A-bomb radiation was examined using 16 males who had been exposed in-utero to radiation from A-bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (10 cases in Hiroshima and 6 cases in Nagasaki). At the same time, doses of in-utero radiation were estimated. It was found that no cells possess XX chromosome by observing 1,600 chromosome metaphases in 16 cases (100 per a person). Estimated dose of in-utero radiation was 44 - 151 rad, or 75.6 rad on the average for 10 cases in Hiroshima and 61 - 197 rad, or 104 rad on the average for 6 cases in Nagasaki. Estimated radiation dose of their mothers used as a basis for estimating in-utero radiation dose was 120 - 149 rad or 207.9 rad on the average for cases in Hiroshima and 148 - 477 rad or 251 rad on the average for cases in Nagasaki. A ratio of total dose given to mother to that given to fetus was 2.75 in cases of Hiroshima and 2.41 in those of Nagasaki.

Dental radiography exposure of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki populations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antoku, Shigetoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu; Russell, W.J.

1987-04-01

Dental radiography doses in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were estimated using doses measured by a thermoluminescent dosimeter and a phantom, and survey data from dental hospitals and clinics in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Doses to organs, including the lens, pituitary fossa, thyroid gland, and skin were calculated. Average doses per examination to these body sites were calculated using data obtained during a two-week survey in both cities. The mean caput doses were calculated from the data indicating frequency per year, and were tabulated by organ, age, teeth examined, type of examination, population, sex, and city. No significant difference was observed by age, population, sex, or city. Currently, the doses incurred during dental radiography may not be sufficiently high to cause bias in the assessments for late radiation effects among atomic bomb survivors. However, the mean caput thyroid doses of 62 mrad and 67 mrad in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, cannot be ignored from the standpoint of their potential in contributing to radiation-induced carcinogenesis. (author)

Status of Los Alamos efforts related to Hiroshima and Nagasaki dose estimates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whalen, P.P.

1981-09-01

The Los Alamos efforts related to resolution of the Hiroshima, Nagasaki doses are described as follows: (1) Using recently located replicas of the Hiroshima bomb, measurements will be made which will define the upper limit of the Hiroshima yield. (2) Two-dimensional calculations of the neutron and gamma-ray outputs of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki weapons are in progress. Neutron and gamma-ray leakage spectra measurements will be made. Similar measurements on the Mark 9 weapon and on the Ichiban assembly are proposed. These measurements will provide a check for present day cross sections and calculations. (3) Calculations of several air transport experiments are in progress. A comparison of calculated results with experimental results is given. (4) The neutron and gamma-ray output spectra of several devices tested in the atmosphere at the Nevada Test Site are being calculated. The results of these calculations will allow models of the debris cloud contribution to the total dose to be tested

Some aspects of readaptation of atomic survivors in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasconcelos, L.A.

1992-01-01

An overview of some aspects of psycho social readaptation of the atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima is presented. Reports from 31 survivors, 8 men and 23 women, were used as data for the analysis. The reports were collected individually through a structured interview, in one of the two hospitals in Hiroshima which deliver services to the survivors. The data were grouped according to the following areas: family, work, health and psychological readaptation. These data were analysed considering the psycho social aspects of disasters and the characteristics of the japanese culture. (M.A.C.)

An Attempt to Measure the Gamma Radiation Dosage at Hiroshima from Photosensitive Material

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brixner, Berlyn [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); McmIllan, Edwin [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Meade, Roger Allen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2016-09-23

After Japan surrendered in August 1945, a team of Los Alamos scientists entered both Hiroshima and Nagasaki to assess the damage of Little Boy and Fat Man. Two of these scientists, Berlyn Brixner and Edwin McMillan, discovered a stock of photographic film in Hiroshima that had been fogged by the gamma radiation from Little Boy. They devised an experiment that they thought might be used to determine the exposure levels in the city. Below is both their description of the film stock and the attempt to determine the exposure levels at Hiroshima.

Radon concentrations in residential housing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yonehara, Hidenori; Aoyama, Takashi; Radford, E.P.; Kato, Hiroo; Sakanoue, Masanobu.

1992-01-01

A measurement of indoor radon ( 222 Rn) concentrations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was carried out to examine an effect of the exposure on atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors. Two hundred dwellings (100 from each city), chiefly of members of the Life Span Study population which is a fixed cohort studied by Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), were selected for this survey. We used two types of alpha-track detector: a Terradex detector type SF and a bare-track detector improved by Yonehara et al. Comparative measurements showed that although there was an adequate correlation between the values obtained using the two detectors, the geometric mean value for the bare-track detector was 45% of that for the Terradex detector. This difference was considered to be due to differences in the calibration methods and sensitivities of the detectors to thoron ( 220 Rn). The arithmetic mean values of the radon concentrations for 193 locations in Hiroshima and 192 locations in Nagasaki measured by Terradex SF detector were 103 Bq m -3 and 40.6 Bq m -3 , respectively. The values at 100 locations in Hiroshima and at 93 locations in Nagasaki measured by the bare detector were 43.1. Bq m -3 and 13.6 Bq m -3 , respectively. The significant difference between the geometric mean values of the concentration in Hiroshima and Nagasaki measured by both methods was observed. The difference might be attributable to the different geological environments of the two cities. The difference between the estimated dose equivalents for exposure to radon daughters in dwellings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki over the last 30 years might amount to 0.4 or 0.8 Sv; however, no statistically significant difference was observed in lung cancer mortality in the low-dose range in either city. Nevertheless, the indoor-radon concentrations estimated in this survey could significantly influence the dose-response relationships for A-bomb exposure. (author)

From Hiroshima to Harrisburg. The unholy alliance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garrison, J

1980-01-01

The subject is covered in chapters, as follows: (Part I): Hiroshima and the advent of the atomic bomb: the Manhattan Engineer District Project; the milieu of war; scientific opposition to the use of the atomic bomb; Trinity; Hiroshima; Nagasaki and surrender; Hibakusha; from trust to terror; the nuclear arms spiral; fallout; the rationale for nuclear weapons; nuclear proliferation; thinking the unthinkable; the age of overkill; (Part II):the road to Harrisburg: radiation; meltdown effects and probabilities; nuclear accidents; Harrisburg; the effects of low-level ionizing radiation; the nuclear fuel cycle (mining; milling; uranium conversion; uranium enrichment; fuel fabrication; nuclear reactors; reprocessing; transportation; waste management; summary); (Part III): Karen Silkwood - a life in death: (Part IV): our challenge - overcoming psychic numbing: (Part V): an alternative vision: the soft energy path; the way of nonviolence.

Cancer risks and neutron RBE's from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dobson, R.L.; Straume, T.

1982-01-01

The new radiation dose estimates for Hiroshima and Nagasaki are radiobiologically examined for compatability with other human and experimental data. The new doses show certain improvements over the original T65 doses. However, they suggest for chronic granulocytic leukemia, total malignancies, and chromosome aberrations, at neutron doses of 1 rad, RBEs in excess of 100, higher than expected from other findings. This and other indications suggest that either there are unrecognized systematic problems with the various radiobiological data, or the new doses are deficient in neutrons for Hiroshima, by a factor of about five. If in fact there were actually some 5-fold more dose from neutrons at Hiroshima than estimated by the new calculations, the RBEs would agree well with laboratory results, and other inconsistencies would largely disappear. Cancer risks are estimated for neutrons from the new doses and are compared with those estimated from radiobiologically reconciled doses (the new doses adjusted by adding approximately 5-fold more neutrons). The latter appear more reasonable. For low-LET radiation, cancer risk estimates are changed very little by the new dose estimates for Nagasaki

Hematological findings for children exposed in utero - Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takamura, Tsugiso; Ueda, Shoichi

1960-01-01

For children irradiated in utero and nonirradiated children of Hiroshima hematologic findings between the years 1950 to 1957 have been compared, and no changes peculiar to the irradiated group were found. Despite several predisposing factors toward the development of iron deficiency in Japanese children, overt anemia was rare and distribution of hemoglobin levels was only slightly lower than reported for American and European children. Leukocyte levels, irrespective of age of the children, were found to be progressively falling in Hiroshima children so that by 1957 the values were distinctly lower than those reported for normal children in Japan and the United States. No cause for this change was apparent. 19 references, 7 figures, 3 tables.

Hematological findings for children exposed in utero, Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takamura, Tsugiso; Ueda, Shoichi

1959-01-01

For children irradiated in utero and nonirradiated children of Hiroshima hematologic findings between the years 1950 to 57 have been compared, and no changes peculiar to the irradiated group were found. Despite several predisposing factors toward the development of iron deficiency in Japanese children, overt anemia was rare and distribution of hemoglobin levels was only slightly lower than reported for American and European children. Leukocyte levels, irrespective of age of the children, were found to be progressively falling in Hiroshima children so that by 1957 the values were distinctly lower than those reported for normal children in Japan and the United States. No cause for this change was apparent. 19 references, 7 figures, 3 tables.

Rethinking the Concept of Sustainability: Hiroshima as a Subject of Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Ide, Kanako

2017-01-01

The article discusses a sustainable educational approach for developing a moral value of peace by using a historical event, the bombing of Hiroshima. To make the case, the article uses the care theory of Nel Noddings to discuss the interpersonal aspects of peace education. The article asks how care theory handles tragedies like Hiroshima and it…

Cancer risks and neutron RBE's from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dobson, R.L.; Straume, T.

1982-01-01

The new radiation dose estimates for Hiroshima and Nagasaki are here combined with epidemiologic data from the A-bomb survivors and examined radiobiologically for compatability with other human and experimental data. The new doses show certain improvements over the original T65 doses. However, they suggest for chronic granulocytic leukemia, total malignancies, and chromosome aberrations, at neutron doses of 1 rad, RBEs in excess of 100, higher than expected from other findings. This and other indications suggest that either there are unrecognized systematic problems with the various radiobiological data, or the new doses are deficient in neutrons for Hiroshima, by a factor of about five. If in fact there were actually some 5-fold more dose from neutrons at Hiroshima than estimated by the new calculations, the RBEs would agree well with laboratory results, and other inconsistencies would largely disappear. Cancer risks are estimated for neutrons from the new doses and are compared with those estimated from radiobiologically reconciled doses (the new doses adjusted by adding approximately 5-fold more neutrons). The latter estimates appear more reasonable. For low-LET radiation, cancer risk estimates are altered very little by the new dose estimates for Nagasaki

Tumor registry data, Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1957-1959: malignant neoplasms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harada, Tomin; Ide, Masao; Ishida, Morihiro; Troup, G M

1963-10-03

The report concerns three aspects of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Tumor Registry data, 1957-1959: comparability, reliability and validity of incidence rates of malignant neoplasms obtained from the Tumor Registries and various statistical problems of registered data related to the Life Span Study sample and Adult Health Study sample; incidence rates of main site of malignant neoplasms obtained from the Tumor Registries are compared with those of the United States and Denmark; and incidence of malignant neoplasm among Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. 15 references, 7 figures, 30 tables.

Blood bactericidal activity in Hiroshima subjects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hollingsworth, J W; Hamilton, H B

1961-03-07

A simple screening method for blood bactericidal activity was developed for study of irradiated atomic bomb survivors and nonirradiated subjects in Hiroshima. Blood bactericidal activity was found to be a relatively constant biological phenomenon in all subjects studied. No differences in activity were detected in relationship to radiation exposure in 1945. 17 references, 6 tables.

Activation Measurements for Thermal Neutrons, U.S. Measurements of 36Cl in Mineral Samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki; and Measurement of 63 Ni in Copper Samples From Hiroshima by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tore Straume; Alfredo A. Marchetti; Stephen D. Egbert; James A. Roberts; Ping Men; Shoichiro Fujita; Kiyoshi Shizuma; Masaharu Hoshi; G. Rugel; W. Ruhm; G. Korschinek; J. E. McAninch; K. L. Carroll; T. Faestermann; K. Knie; R. E. Martinelli; A. Wallner; C. Wallner

2005-01-14

The present paper presents the {sup 36}Cl measurement effort in the US. A large number of {sup 36}Cl measurements have been made in both granite and concrete samples obtained from various locations and distances in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These measurements employed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to quantify the number of atoms of {sup 36}Cl per atom of total Cl in the sample. Results from these measurements are presented here and discussed in the context of the DS02 dosimetry reevaluation effort for Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic-bomb survivors. The production of {sup 36}Cl by bomb neutrons in mineral samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki was primarily via the reaction {sup 35}Cl(n,{gamma}){sup 36}Cl. This reaction has a substantial thermal neutron cross-section (43.6 b at 0.025 eV) and the product has a long half-life (301,000 y). hence, it is well suited for neutron-activation detection in Hiroshima and Nagasaki using AMS more than 50 years after the bombings. A less important reaction for bomb neutrons, {sup 39}K(n,{alpha}){sup 36}Cl, typically produces less than 10% of the {sup 36}Cl in mineral samples such as granite and concrete, which contain {approx} 2% potassium. In 1988, only a year after the publication of the DS86 final report (Roesch 1987), it was demonstrated experimentally that {sup 36}Cl measured using AMS should be able to detect the thermal neutron fluences at the large distances most relevant to the A-bomb survivor dosimetry. Subsequent measurements in mineral samples from both Hiroshima and Nagasaki validated the experimental findings. The potential utility of {sup 36}Cl as a thermal neutron detector in Hiroshima was first presented by Haberstock et al. who employed the Munich AMS facility to measure {sup 36}Cl/Cl ratios in a gravestone from near the hypocenter. That work subsequently resulted in an expanded {sup 36}Cl effort in Germany that paralleled the US work. More recently, there have also been {sup 36}Cl measurements made by a Japanese

Incidence of leukemia in survivors of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Folley, J H; Borges, W; Yamawaki, Takuso

1959-01-01

This document contains two reports. The aim of the first investigation was to obtain information concerning all individuals in Hiroshima and Nagasaki having onset of symptoms of leukemia or dying of the disease since the atomic explosion in 1945. Results show that: (1) There is a significant increase in the incidence of leukemia in the exposed populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as compared with the non-exposed populations of the two cities; (2) there is a significant increase in the incidence of leukemia within the exposed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in subjects exposed at distances less than 2000 meters from the hypocenter; and (3) The concept that radiation from the atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki is a leukemogenic agent in man is supported. In the second report, 10 patients were used to study the early hematologic and preclinical phases of leukemia in atomic bomb survivors. Findings are presented. 23 references, 13 figures, 15 tables.

Radon concentrations in residential housing in hiroshima and nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoyama, Takashi; Radford, E.P.; Yonehara, Hidenori; Kato, Hiroo; Sakanoue, Masanobu.

1993-05-01

A survey of indoor radon ( 222 Rn) concentrations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was carried out to assess the range of exposures expected among atomic-bomb survivors. Two hundred dwellings (100 from each city), chiefly of members of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Life Span Study, were selected for this survey. We used two types of etched-track alpha-particle detectors: a Terradex detector (type SF) and an improved bare-track detector. Comparative measurements showed that although there was an adequate correlation between the values obtained using the two detectors, the geometric mean value for the bare-track detector was 45% lower than that for the Terradex detector. This difference was considered to be due to differences in the calibration methods and in the sensitivities of the detectors to thoron ( 220 Rn). The geometric mean values of the radon concentrations for 193 locations in Hiroshima and 192 locations in Nagasaki measured by Terradex SF detectors were 51.8 Bq/m 3 and 26.5 Bq/m 3 , respectively. The large difference is attributable to the different geological environments of the two cities. Factors correlating with the indoor radon concentrations were also studied. The geometric mean concentration was significantly higher in wooden houses with clay walls than in other types of house. This tendency was especially strong in Hiroshima. The difference between the estimated dose equivalents for exposure to radon decay products in dwellings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the last 30 years might amount to 0.8 Sv; however, no statistically significant difference was observed in lung-cancer mortality in the low-dose range in either city. Nevertheless, the indoor radon concentrations estimated in this survey could have a significant influence on the dose-response relationship for atomic-bomb exposure. (author)

The shadow of Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bagley, Sharon.

1990-01-01

In light of the findings from a test carried out on 72216 children born from parents who felt the bomb radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it appears that humans are less sensitive to genetic effects of radiation that previously thought. The new assessment of radiation's effect has not found an increase in birth defects, in chromosomal abnormalities in white blood cells or in cancer in the victim's children. However, it is assumed that as they enter their 50s, they may suffer the long-delayed consequences of the bomb. ills

From History to Memory: Alain Resnais’ and Marguerite Duras’ Hiroshima mon amour

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarah French

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the representation of history and memory in Alain Resnais’ and Marguerite Duras’ 1959 film Hiroshima mon amour. It argues that the film’s privileging of subjective remembrance reflects a broader cultural interest in using memory as a counter discourse to established history. The widely documented cultural preoccupation with memory became particularly prominent in the early 1980s. However, Hiroshima mon amour can be read as an important early example of a film that predates the contemporary ‘memory boom’. For Resnais and Duras, the magnitude of the devastation in Hiroshima exceeds the limits of filmic representation. Their solution to the problem that the historic event is unrepresentable is to approach the event indirectly while focusing on an individual traumatic memory. Through a close analysis and critique of the film I argue that the film’s emphasis on individual memory validates the legitimacy of the personal narrative but problematically subsumes the political events and displaces history from the discursive realm. I also suggest that problems emerge in the film’s depiction of its traumatised female subject. While Hiroshima mon amour represents a complex female subjectivity and interiority, the process of remembrance depicted deprives the woman of agency and renders her trapped within a compulsive repetition of the past.

36Cl measurements of Hiroshima concrete samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuhiro, T.; Nagashima, Y.; Seki, R.; Takahashi, T.

2002-01-01

The 36 Cl AMS studies are reported. A new steps of procedure of a sample preparation is developed and a tremendous reduction of sulphur background has been achieved. The 36 Cl contents of two atomic bombed concrete samples, old Hiroshima Bank one and Gokoku Shrine one, have been measured as a function of 36 Cl to Cl ratio by the Tsukuba AMS system. The 36 Cl to Cl ratio of the old Hiroshima Bank sample shows very nice agreement with the result of γ measurement of 152 Eu. Otherwise, the ratio is about 20% smaller than an estimation by the DS86 dosimetry system. A result of the Gokoku Shrine sample is also smaller than a depth profile estimation by the same DS86. It might be clear that the DS86 has a tendency of overestimation. It seems that a calculation method and/or the parameters used in the calculation are requested to be improved. (author)

Doses from Hiroshima mass radiologic gastric surveys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Antoku, S; Sawada, S; Russell, W J [Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima (Japan)

1980-05-01

Doses to examinees from mass radiologic surveys of the stomach in Hiroshima Perfecture were estimated by surveying for the frequency of the examinations, and for the technical factors used in them, and by phantom dosimetry. The average surface, active bone marrow and male and female gonad doses per examination were 5.73 rad, 231 mrad, and 20.6 and 140 mrad, respectively. These data will be used in estimating doses from medical X-rays among atomic bomb survivors. By applying them to the Hiroshima population, the genetically significant, per caput mean marrow, and leukemia significant doses were 0.14,8.6 and 7.4 mrad, respectively. There was a benefit-to risk ratio of about 50 for mass gastric surveys performed in 1976. However, the calculated risk was greater than the benefit for examinees under 29 years of age because of the lower incidence of gastric cancer in those under 29 years.

Current status of Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taniguchi, Masaki

2000-01-01

The Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center is a common facility for both research and education in the field of synchrotron radiation science. The role of the center is to promote original research, training of young scientists, international exchange and cooperative research with neighbouring universities, public organizations and industries. (author)

Distribution of moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita in relation to summer hypoxia in Hiroshima Bay, Seto Inland Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Shoji, Jun; Kudoh, Takaya; Takatsuji, Hideyuki; Kawaguchi, Osamu; Kasai, Akihide

2010-02-01

Biological and physical surveys were conducted in order to investigate the relationship between environmental conditions and the distribution of moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita in Hiroshima Bay, western Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Moon jellyfish and ichthyoplankton were collected at 13 stations in Hiroshima Bay during monthly surveys from July to September in 2006 and 2007. Surface temperature in 2006 was significantly lower during the August and September cruises and surface salinity was lower during all cruises than in 2007. Moon jellyfish was the most dominant gelatinous plankton collected, accounting for 89.7% in wet weight. Mean moon jellyfish abundance in 2006 was higher than that in 2007 from July through September, with significant inter-year differences for July and September. Variability in precipitation and nutritional input from the Ohta River, northernmost part of Hiroshima Bay, were suggested as possible factors affecting the inter-annual variability in moon jellyfish abundance in the coastal areas of northern Hiroshima Bay. Moon jellyfish were more abundant in the coastal areas of northern Hiroshima Bay, where the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was lower, while low in the central part of the bay. Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus eggs were most dominant (58.1% in number) among the ichthyoplankton and were abundant in the central area of Hiroshima Bay. Explanatory analysis was conducted to detect possible effects of environmental conditions on the abundance of moon jellyfish and Japanese anchovy eggs during the summer months in Hiroshima Bay. Of the environmental conditions tested (temperature, salinity and DO of surface and bottom layers at each sampling station), bottom DO had the most significant effect on the moon jellyfish abundance: there was a negative correlation between the bottom DO and the moon jellyfish abundance in Hiroshima Bay during summer.

Fifty years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishiwaki, Y.

1996-01-01

The initial radiation was composed primarily of gamma rays and neutrons. Several estimates have in the past been advanced for the initial dose of radiation. The tentative T65D dose estimates (established in 1965) were revised in July 1987 by the US-Japan Committee for Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the new DS86 dosimetry system was adopted. However, there may still be various uncertainties involved. The uncertainties under emergency conditions, in particular, the uncertainties in estimating dose-effect, relationships in Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been repeatedly discussed by professor Nishiwaki since the first meeting on the medical and pathological effects of atomic bombings held at the Department of Pathology of the late Professor Ryojun Kinoshita, the then Professor of pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Osaka University in 1945. The survivors and those who visited Hiroshima immediately after the atomic bombing could have been subjected in a number of other possible noxious effects in addition to atomic radiation. Hospitals, laboratories, drugstores, chemists, pharmaceutical works, storehouses of chemicals, factories, etc. that were situated close to the hypocenter were all completely destroyed and various mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic substances must have been released. There was no medical care and no food in the region of high dose exposure and the drinking water was contaminated. There would have been various possibilities of infection. Mental stress would also have been much higher in the survivors closer to the hypocenter. It is confusing which factor played a dominant role. In addition, there would be problems in accurately recording the position of the exposed persons at the time of the atomic bombing and also in estimating the shielding factors. There may be considerable uncertainty in human memory under such conditions. It is also possible that there could have been a large storage of gasoline to

Ophthalmologic changes related to radiation exposure and age in the adult health study sample, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choshi, Kanji; Mishima, Hiromu; Takaku, Isao; Takase, Tomoko; Neriishi, Shotaro.

1983-11-01

A two-year ophthalmologic study of age- and radiation-related ophthalmologic lesions among the Adult Health Study (AHS) population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was conducted at RERF in 1978-80. The study population in both cities was composed of all persons exposed to 100+ rad in the AHS, their controls, and all other persons in the AHS sample with a previous record of axial opacities or posterior subcapsular changes, and the in utero clinical sample. The ophthalmologic examination was conducted on 1,582 persons in Hiroshima and 719 persons in Nagasaki belonging to the AHS sample, and 67 persons in Hiroshima and 17 persons in Nagasaki belonging to the in utero clinical sample. Participation in the study was 42% of the eligible AHS sample in Hiroshima and 21% in Nagasaki, and 24% of the eligible in utero sample in Hiroshima and 26% in Nagasaki. Increased lenticular opacities, other lens changes, and loss of visual acuity and accommodation occurred with increasing age in both exposed and control subjects as manifestations of the normal aging process. A highly significant excess risk for all ages in the 300+ rad group in comparison to those in the control group was observed for both axial opacities and posterior subcapsular changes in Hiroshima, but not in Nagasaki. (J.P.N.)

Some demographic characteristics of Hiroshima City, 1958, related to exposure to the Atomic Bomb (Based on the 1958 Interim Urban Population Survey of Hiroshima Prefecture). Preliminary report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikuni, Naoji; Kato, Hiroo; Matsumoto, Y Scott

1960-08-17

Based upon the data obtained by the Interim Urban Population Survey conducted on October 1, 1958, in the cities of Hiroshima Prefecture, a comparison has been made between the demographic characteristics of the Hiroshima City atomic bomb survivors and those of the nonexposed. Analysis of the data revealed: (1) the estimated number of persons exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb and still residing in Hiroshima City on October 1, 1958 was 92,180; (2) the annual mean rates of in-migration and out-migration of the exposed population during the eight year period from 1950 to 1958 were both approximately 2%, while those for the nonexposed were 8% and 4% respectively; (3) the rate of unmarried exposed females tended to be higher than the rate of unmarried women not exposed, while no difference was noted for single males by exposure status; (4) proportionately greater numbers of exposed persons were engaged in primary and secondary industries (agriculture and manufacturing), while a proportionately greater number of nonexposed were engaged in tertiary industry (commerce, government service, and service work); (5) of those in the labor force the ratio of unemployed in the exposed population seemed slightly higher, but due to the small number surveyed, statistical confirmation was not possible. Of those not in the labor force, no difference was noted according to exposure status; (6) in the sickness prevalence rate no difference could be observed between the exposed and nonexposed.

A lifelong journey of moving beyond wartime trauma for survivors from Hiroshima and Pearl Harbor.

Science.gov (United States)

Liehr, Patricia; Nishimura, Chie; Ito, Mio; Wands, Lisa Marie; Takahashi, Ryutaro

2011-01-01

This study examines 51 stories of health, shared by people who survived the wartime trauma of Hiroshima and Pearl Harbor, seeking to identify turning points that moved participants along over their lifetime. The central turning point for Hiroshima survivors was "becoming Hibabusha (A-bomb survivor)" and for Pearl Harbor survivors was "honoring the memory and setting it aside." Wartime trauma was permanently integrated into survivors' histories, surfacing steadily over decades for Hiroshima survivors and intermittently over decades for Pearl Harbor survivors. Regardless of experience or nationality, participants moved through wartime trauma by connecting with others, pursuing personal and global peace.

Cytogenetic study of the offspring of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awa, A.A.; Honda, Takeo; Neriishi, Shotaro

1989-07-01

This paper describes the results of a cytogenetic study on 8,322 children born to atomic bomb survivors (4,716 in Hiroshima and 3,606 in Nagasaki) and 7,976 controls (5,112 in Hiroshima and 2,864 in Nagasaki). Because no child was examined before age 12, the data may not be considered valid for the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities that impose a high risk of early death. Thus, we will restrict our comparison to the sex-chromosome aneuploids and autosomal structural rearrangements of the balanced type, although other abnormalities encountered in this survey will be enumerated. Among the children born to exposed parents, 19 individuals (0.23 %) exhibited sex chromosome abnormalities and 23 (0.28 %) exhibited autosomal structural rearrangements, whereas among children born to unexposed parents, 24 (0.30 %) and 27 (0.34 %), respectively, were observed to exhibit these abnormalities. Only one child with a karyotype of 47,XY,+21 was found in the Hiroshima exposed group. Thus, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall frequencies of cytogenetically abnormal cases between the exposed (0.52 %) and control (0.64 %) populations. In Hiroshima, frequencies of chromosome abnormalities were similar between exposed and control groups (0.64 % vs 0.65 %). However, the value observed in the exposed group in Nagasaki was slightly lower (0.36 %) - though not statistically significant - than the value observed in the control group (0.63 %). This value of the Nagasaki control group was similar to that in Hiroshima. Family studies on probands with chromosome abnormalities revealed that the majority of cases (about 90 %) with autosomal structural rearrangements of the balanced type were inherited from one or the other parent. The mutation rates for these reaarangements were similar between the exposed and control groups, being 0.98 x 10 -4 per gamete per generation. (author)

Decline of blood leukocyte counts 1947-59, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ichimaru, Michito; Ueda, Shoichi; Blaisdell, R K

1963-03-03

Earlier reports of progressive decline in leukocyte counts in Hiroshima from about 1948 to 1954 have been confirmed. A similar phenomenon has been observed in Nagasaki. Analysis indicates that this decline in white cell count with time is not related to exposure to the 1945 atomic bombs, to sex, to age, to commonly diagnosed diseases, or to the disproportionate influence of a subgroup. The principal white cells affected were neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. The precise etiologic factors accounting for the decline, and the biological significance of the present lower range of leukocyte values in Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain to be determined. 16 references, 5 figures, 5 tables.

Sulfur activation at the Little Boy-Comet Critical Assembly: a replica of the Hiroshima bomb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerr, G.D.; Emery, J.F.; Pace, J.V. III.

1985-04-01

Studies have been completed on the activation of sulfur by fast neutrons from the Little Boy-Comet Critical Assembly which replicates the general features of the Hiroshima bomb. The complex effects of the bomb's design and construction on leakage of sulfur-activation neutrons were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Our sulfur activation studies were performed as part of a larger program to provide benchmark data for testing of methods used in recent source-term calculations for the Hiroshima bomb. Source neutrons capable of activating sulfur play an important role in determining neutron doses in Hiroshima at a kilometer or more from the point of explosion. 37 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs

Urinary findings of children exposed in utero to the atomic bombs, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, L R; Keehn, R J

1966-06-09

Data from urinalyses at ages 9 to 16 were tabulated for children exposed to ionizing radiation in utero at the time of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 and for comparable control groups. Proteinuria was detected more often at various ages in boys in Hiroshima and girls in both cities whose mothers were within 1500 m of the bomb hypocenters. However, the differences were statistically significant only in girls ages 13 or 14. Casts were also seen more commonly in Hiroshima girls located at the same distance. Red and white blood cell excretion in the urine and glycosuria did not appear to be related to radiation exposure. Future investigations will be necessary to define the biological significance of these findings. 11 references, 8 tables.

Literature, cinema and history in "Hiroshima Mon Amour"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nismária Alves David Barros

2013-06-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes Hiroshima Mon Amour, realization by Alain Resnais divulged in 1959 and ciné-roman by Marguerite Duras published in 1960. Considering the Jeanne-Marie Clerc's theory (2004, we understand that the literature and the cinema are resources of expression that do not establish competition or subordination relations, but they establish complementary relations, they make mutual exchanges for their renewals. They are not the documents on the atomic tragedy of Hiroshima because they congregate historical facts, literary narrative and cinematographic techniques. This ciné-roman and this film displays a revolutionary position of the artistic form to express a critical vision on the world after war. They create a love history and a history of loss, focusing the individual anguish in the plot. Through  the return to the past, using a poetical language, they discloses the pains of the protagonist and the pains of the humanity. Therefore the receiver reflects on himself.

Activation of cobalt by neutrons from the Hiroshima bomb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerr, G.D.; Dyer, F.F.; Emery, J.F.; Pace, J.V. III; Brodzinski, R.L.; Marcum, J.

1990-02-01

A study has been completed of cobalt activation in samples from two new locations in Hiroshima. The samples consisted of a piece of steel from a bridge located at a distance of about 1300 m from the hypocenter and pieces of both steel and concrete from a building located at approximately 700 m. The concrete was analyzed to obtain information needed to calculate the cobalt activation in the two steel samples. Close agreement was found between calculated and measured values for cobalt activation of the steel sample from the building at 700 m. It was found, however, that the measured values for the bridge sample at 1300 m were approximately twice the calculated values. Thus, the new results confirm the existence of a systematic error in the transport calculations for neutrons from the Hiroshima bomb. 52 refs., 32 figs., 16 tabs

Message of Hiroshima. The memories and comments of a nuclear scientist

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, S. (Kyoto Univ. (Japan))

1982-01-01

A review of the research conducted during the Second World War by Japanese scientists and their in-situ experiences on the Hiroshima atomic bomb effects a week after the explosion is given. Details are presented on the activity data of samples from the site, on the results of half-life measurements and of chemical analyses. From these data the site of explosion and the neutron flux on the surface were computed. The damages caused by the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs were compared. Further, an account on the powder from the Bikini H-bomb explosion is given. Finally, the author protests against the military uses of nuclear energy.

Neutron and gamma ray calculation for Hiroshima-type atomic bomb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoshi, Masaharu; Endo, Satoru; Takada, Jun [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Iwatani, Kazuo; Oka, Takamitsu; Shizuma, Kiyoshi; Fujita, Shoichiro; Hasai, Hiromi

1998-03-01

We looked at the radiation dose of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb again in 1986. We gave it the name of ``Dosimetry System 1986`` (DS86). We and other groups have measured the expose dose since 1986. Now, the difference between data of {sup 152}Eu and the calculation result on the basis of DS86 was found. To investigate the reason, we carried out the calculations of neutron transport and neutron absorption gamma ray for Hiroshima atomic bomb by MCNP3A and MCNP4A code. The problems caused by fast neutron {sup 32}P from sulfur in insulator of pole. To correct the difference, we investigated many models and found agreement of all data within 1 km. (S.Y.)

Neutrons confirmed in Nagasaki and at the Army pulsed radiation Facility: Implications for Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Straume, T.; Harris, L.J.; Marchett, A.A.; Egbert, S.D.

1994-01-01

Recent reports have clearly demonstrated that large discrepancies exist between neutron activation measured in Hiroshima and activation calculated using the current dosimetry system DS86. The reports confirmed previous results for cobalt activation in Hiroshoma that suggested problems, and this has spurred a joint U.S.-Japan effort to identify the source(s) of this discrepancy. Here, new results are presented that appear to eliminate both the measurements of neutron activation and the DS86 air-transport calculations are potential sources of the discrepancy in Hiroshima. Computer transport of DS86 fission neutrons through large distances of air was validated using concrete samples from Nagasaki and chloride detectors placed at selected distances from a bare uranium reactor. In both cases accelerator mass spectrometry was used to measure thermal neutron activation via the reaction. 35 Cl(n, γ) 36 Cl (half-life, 301,000 years). Good agreement was observed between measurements of neutron activation and DS86 calculations for Nagasaki, as well as for the reactor experiment. Thus the large discrepancy observed in Hiroshima appears not to be due to uncertainties in air-transport calculations or in the activation measurements; rather, the discrepancy appears to be due to uncertainties associated with the Hiroshima bomb itself. 15 refs., 3 figs., 8 tabs

Small head size following in utero exposure to atomic radiation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, R W; Blot, W J

1972-01-01

There was a progressive increase with dose in the frequency of abnormality among persons whose mothers were exposed before the 18th week of pregnancy. In Hiroshima the minimum dose producing an effect was 10 to 19 rad, but in Nagasaki no effect was observed under 150 rad. At maternal doses of > 150 rad, small head circumference was often accompanied by mental retardation. The low doses in Hiroshima are not directly applicable to medical radiology because of the presence of neutrons and environmental disturbances. (DLC)

Deterrence before Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quester, G.H.

1985-01-01

The gap between studies of military history and military strategy is ever widening. The enormous destructive power of nuclear weapons has tended to persuade us that the military experience of the first half of this century is not relevant to more ''modern'' military questions. In Deterrence before Hiroshima, first published in 1966, George H. Quester analyzes pre-nuclear age theories of deterrence to equip us with a perspective and data by which current theories can be evaluated. Quester shows that from almost the time of the first military aircraft, air-power was believed to have the capacity for apocalyptic destruction. He points out that the modern terms deterrence, limited war, tacit agreement, and balance of terror, show up often in the literature from 1900-1945, coupled with war scenarios every bit as awesome as a nuclear holocaust.

Hiroshima: A City with Peace as Its Purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

Nesbitt, Donna

1998-01-01

Employs a summary of the story "Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes" by Eleanor Coerr as an introduction to the city of Hiroshima's (Japan) quest for world peace, peace education, and strong opposition to nuclear warfare. Discusses various symbols of peace, such as paper cranes in Japanese culture, and offers five teaching activities.…

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: a test or tragedy ?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faridah Mohd Idris

2003-01-01

Hiroshima and Nagasaki were left as monument by the history of the man civilization. This article discussed some of related issues i.e. the scenarios of the tragedy, the history of atomic bomb - starts with the discovery of neutrons to the day the tragedy happened

ABCC-NIH adult health study Hiroshima 1958 to 1959 thyroid disease

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hollingsworth, D R; Hamilton, H B; Tamagaki, Hideya; Beebe, G W

1962-04-01

In the matched sample for the Adult Health Study 5553 participants were examined in the ABCC clinic in Hiroshima, Japan during the sixteen month period from July 1958 through October 1959. Thyroid disease was diagnosed for 169 subjects, 152 of whom were female. Simple nontoxic goiter was the most frequently seen thyroid disorder comprising 47 percent of the total, with a sex ratio of 8 to 1 in favor of females. Hiroshima is a coastal city where iodine deficiencies seem unlikely and the various etiological possibilities responsible for nontoxic goiter were reviewed and discussed. Hyperthyroidism was observed in 16 patients of whom 13 were females. One patient with hypothyroidism and 5 with chronic thyroiditis diagnosed by biopsy were seen in the study. Single thyroid nodules were found in 39 patients; the biopsy diagnoses of 19 were listed, 8 of whom were shown to have thyroid carcinoma. Carcinoma of the thyroid was diagnosed microscopically in 12 patients, constituting 7 percent of the total number with thyroid disorders. It was concluded that thyroid disease in Hiroshima warrants further study and it will be of particular interest to carefully observe the Adult Health Study group for the incidence of thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma.

Sequelae of radiation facial epilation (North American Hiroshima maiden syndrome)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosen, I.B.; Walfish, P.G.

1989-01-01

Radiation for benign problems of the head and neck area has been uniformly recognized as unacceptable practice. This includes epilation for facial hirsutism. Twelve such patients, recently encountered, have characteristic radiodermatitis facies and have demonstrated multisite neoplastic involvement--including skin, thyroid, parathyroid, salivary gland, oral cavity, facial skeleton, and breast--and have also undergone extensive dermatologic treatment of complications of radiodermatitis. There was one cancer death, and three patients are alive with cancer. Such patients have a superficial resemblance to the Hiroshima maiden group of young women who survived atomic bombing and experienced severe facial burns, necessitating extensive plastic surgery. As atomic survivors they are at increased risk for cancer of thyroid, salivary gland, lung, breast, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract. The North American Hiroshima maiden should warrant easy clinical recognition and require lifetime scrutiny for multisite neoplastic disease

Neoplasms among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima City. First report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harada, Tomin; Ishida, Morihiro

1960-04-01

The 1957-1958 incidence of neoplasms among the survivors of the Hiroshima A-bomb, varies directly with radiation dose insofar as it may be inferred from distance from the hypocenter at exposure. The incidence of all malignant neoplasms among the survivors who were within 1000 meters is more than 4 times that of the non-exposed population. The incidence of benign neoplasms among the survivors exposed within 1500 meters is also significantly higher than that among the non-exposed. For survivors under 1500 meters significant differences are seen between the numbers of observed cancers of the lung, stomach, uterus and ovary and the expected cases calculated from the age-specific rates of the non-exposed portion of the Hiroshima population. The increased incidence among survivors within 1500 meters is not related to sex or age. 18 references, 2 figures, 14 tables.

Review of the radiological significance of revised dose estimates for the Hiroshima-Nagasaki bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Myers, D.K.; Osborne, R.V.

1988-03-01

Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has indicated that new dosimetric and epidemiological data on Japanese bomb survivors will 'raise the risk estimate (for fatal cancers) for the exposed population by a total factor of the order of 2. This change is for a population of all ages, whereas for a worker population of ages 18-65 the changes will be small'. The present report has reviewed the available scientific literature that is relevant to this statement. The topics reviewed in this report include: a) the methods used in previous reports by scientific committees to calculate estimated lifetime risks of radiation-induced fatal cancers; b) recent revisions of the dosimetry for Hiroshima-Nagasaki survivors; c) updates on the epidemiological data on the Hiroshima-Nagasaki survivors; and d) revised estimates of fatal cancer risk from the Hiroshima-Nagasaki data

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: New doses, risks, and their implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schull, W.J.; Shimizu, Y.; Kato, H.

1990-01-01

This presentation summarizes the recent re-evaluations of the dose and risk of cancer among survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It addresses briefly their limitations, and describes some of their implications for the lifetime projection of the risk of a fatal cancer following exposure to ionizing radiation

The Influence of the Climate Change on Landslide Disasters in Western Japan -Hiroshima's case-

Science.gov (United States)

Kubota, Tetsuya; Aditian, Aril

2015-04-01

In last year 2014 and 2012, tremendous landslides due to heavy rainfalls occurred in western Japan. Especially in August 2014, serious landslide disasters induced by the extremely heavy rainfall caused over 70 people's death in Hiroshima. Most of them were caused by debris flows from shallow landslides on granite forest slopes on August 20. In Hiroshima, long-term increase in rainfalls was not obvious, while this trend was found in other area such as Kyushu district. However, in western Japan, the influence of climate change emerged in the increase of vapor concentration caused by rising water surface temperature in East China Sea and that brought the extreme rainfall. The landslide (debris flow) disasters in Hiroshima have distinctive characteristics in terms of followings: (1) the source of debris flows (directly flowing down from mostly shallow landslides), (2) their usual equivalent friction coefficient "Mf" i.e. relative travel distance for Granite (values between 0.174 and 0.554). (3) the peculiar meteorological condition of frontogenesis with vapor convergence on the stationary front and around the Pacific high pressure that can generate the heavy precipitation (above 101 mm/hr, total 256 mm). (4) Contrary to Mf values above, they caused heavy disaster at downstream area with the urban development on hillside slopes. We found that the Mf becomes bigger (relatively short travel distance) as the return period of disasters"Tr"becomes shorter as evaluating in the next formula: Mf = 0.278 Tr^(-3.32). If the return period becomes shorter due to climate change (it is possible), Mf may become bigger. However, the cities such as Hiroshima, Kobe or Nagasaki in western Japan which have the urban area at hillside will be more prone to severe debris flow disasters. (5) Also, theoretically, we may have more slope failures and debris flows per area "N/A" if the rainfall increment "dR" increases. The "increasing ratio in N/A" is given by next equation: (N/A)/(N0/A)=((R0 + d

Trace analysis of irradiated steel samples from hiroshima by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Helal, A.I.; Zahran, N.F.

2000-01-01

A double focusing (JEOL, PLASMAX2) and quadrupole (ELAN6000, Perkin Elmer) mass spectrometers were used for the quantitative analysis of trace elements in steel samples from Hiroshima. The quantification of the analytical results was carried out using steel 468 as a standard reference material. The relative sensitivity coefficients (RSC's) for most of the elements varied between 0.12 and 2.93. The effect of iron as a matrix and the non-spectroscopic interferences are studied. Comparison of the results obtained on two steel samples from Hiroshima with that obtained on steel 468 standard reference materials demonstrated that there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, it is possible to say that the irradiated steel samples from Hiroshima have nearly the same specifications of trace element content as those of the normal steel samples

Hiroshima and ourselves

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lifton, R.J.

1985-01-01

The author discusses his feelings and responses which he experienced from interviewing Hiroshima survivors. As survivors attempted to recall their feelings at the time of the bomb, they conveyed a sense of having been immersed in a sea of death. They remembered not only the expectation of their own death but also the sense that the whole world was dying. What impressed the author most was the survivor's lifelong encounter with death, which could be understood as taking place in four stages: the immersion in death at the time of the bomb; the experience of acute radiation effects (including extreme weakness, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, bleeding into the skin and from bodily orifices, high fever, low white blood cell counts, alopecia, and death); delayed radiation effects (increased incidence of leukemia and of many forms of cancer); and an eventual sense of permanent death taint associated with the identity of hibakusha, or explosion-affected person

Estimation of the Hiroshima bomb yield and weather conditions at the time of the bomb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tajima, Eizo

1984-01-01

The results of the survey made immediately after the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were compiled in Collection of Reports on the Investigation of the Atomic Bomb Casualties published in 1953. Much valuable information for the reassessment of dose are included in this document. One of the major problems to be solved for the dose reassessment is the yield of the Hiroshima bomb. Two articles with relatively detailed description were selected, and the estimation of the yield was attempted, based on them. The data on roof tile melting were used for the purpose. Assuming the yield of the Nagasaki bomb as 22 kt, the yield of the Hiroshima bomb was given as 12.4 kt. By the experiment using the charred state of cypress boards, the total radiant energy from the bomb was calculated as 4.6 x 10 12 cal, and the yield of the Hiroshima bomb was estimated as 14.2 kt and 13.2 kt. The true value is likely between 12 and 13 kt. The vapor pressure at the time of bombing significantly affected the neutron spectrum. On the day of bombing, Japan was covered by hot, humid maritime air mass, namely summer monsoon pattern. The air density and water vapor content in the atmosphere were determined by the Japan Weather Association, and compared with the data of Dr. Kerr et al. (Kako, I.)

August 2014 Hiroshima landslide disaster and its societal impact

Science.gov (United States)

Fukuoka, Hiroshi; Sassa, Kyoji; Wang, Chunxiang

2015-04-01

In the early morning of August 20, 2014, Hiroshima city was hit by a number of debris flows along a linear rain band which caused extreme downpour. This disaster claimed 74 death, although this city experienced very similar disaster in 1999, claiming more than 30 residents lives. In the most severely affected debris flow torrent, more than 50 residents were killed. Most of the casualties arose in the wooden, vulnerable houses constructed in front of the exit of torrents. Points and lessons learnt from the disaster are as follows: 1. Extreme rainfall events : geology and geomorphology does not much affect the distribution of landslides initiation sites. 2. Area of causative extreme rainfall is localized in 2 km x 10 km along the rain band. 3. Authors collected two types of sands from the source scar of the initial debris slides which induced debris flows. Tested by the ring shear apparatus under pore-pressure control condition, clear "Sliding surface liquefaction" was confirmed for both samples even under small normal stress, representing the small thickness of the slides. These results shows even instant excess pore pressure could initiate the slides and trigger slide-induced debris flow by undrained loading onto the torrent deposits. 4. Apparently long-term land-use change affected the vulnerability of the community. Residential area had expanded into hill-slope (mountainous / semi-mountainous area) especially along the torrents. Those communities were developed on the past debris flow fan. 5. As the devastated area is very close to downtown of Hiroshima city, it gave gigantic societal impact to the Japanese citizens. After 1999 Hiroshima debris flow disaster, the Landslide disaster reduction law which intends to promote designation of landslide potential risk zones, was adopted in 2000. Immediately after 2014 disaster, national diet approved revision of the bill.

Commemoration of the bombing of Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sawada, Shoji

1999-01-01

On the occasion of 52 anniversary of bombing Hiroshima this speech is given by one if the survivors, stating that it is obvious that using nuclear weapons is the cruelest and most inexcusable crime in human history. It never should be used against anyone, for any purpose, anywhere. In the Statement of the Pugwash Council, in 1995, the theory of nuclear deterrence was clearly rejected. This certainly played a significant role in the award of 1995 Nobel Prize to Pugwash Conferences. The close of 20th century provides the best occasion to affirm the international political will to prohibit nuclear weapons

Los Alamos, Hiroshima, Nagasaki - a personal recollection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morrison, P.

1995-01-01

The author, a physicist participating in the Manhattan Project, recalls his experiences and work in the laboratories at the time which marked the onset of the nuclear era, the construction of the first uranium and plutonium bombs in Los Alamos, and the hidious effects shown to the world by the nuclear bombing of Japan. His thoughts and memories presented 50 years after the nuclear destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and now that the Cold War has ended, call for a global ban of nuclear weapons. (orig.) [de

Activation Measurements for Thermal Neutrons, Part D. U.S. Measurements of 36Cl in Mineral Samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tore Straume; Alfredo A, Marchetti; Stephen D, Egbert; James A, Roberts; Ping Men; Shoichiro Fujita; Kiyoshi Shizuma; Masaharu Hoshi; G, Rugel; W, Ruhm; G, Korschinek; J. E. McAninch; K. L. Carroll; T. Faestermann; K. Knie; R. E. Martinelli; A. Wallner; C. Wallner

2005-01-01

The present paper presents the 36 Cl measurement effort in the US. A large number of 36 Cl measurements have been made in both granite and concrete samples obtained from various locations and distances in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These measurements employed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to quantify the number of atoms of 36 Cl per atom of total Cl in the sample. Results from these measurements are presented here and discussed in the context of the DS02 dosimetry reevaluation effort for Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic-bomb survivors. The production of 36 Cl by bomb neutrons in mineral samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki was primarily via the reaction 35 Cl(n,γ) 36 Cl. This reaction has a substantial thermal neutron cross-section (43.6 b at 0.025 eV) and the product has a long half-life (301,000 y). hence, it is well suited for neutron-activation detection in Hiroshima and Nagasaki using AMS more than 50 years after the bombings. A less important reaction for bomb neutrons, 39 K(n,α) 36 Cl, typically produces less than 10% of the 36 Cl in mineral samples such as granite and concrete, which contain ∼ 2% potassium. In 1988, only a year after the publication of the DS86 final report (Roesch 1987), it was demonstrated experimentally that 36 Cl measured using AMS should be able to detect the thermal neutron fluences at the large distances most relevant to the A-bomb survivor dosimetry. Subsequent measurements in mineral samples from both Hiroshima and Nagasaki validated the experimental findings. The potential utility of 36 Cl as a thermal neutron detector in Hiroshima was first presented by Haberstock et al. who employed the Munich AMS facility to measure 36 Cl/Cl ratios in a gravestone from near the hypocenter. That work subsequently resulted in an expanded 36 Cl effort in Germany that paralleled the US work. More recently, there have also been 36 Cl measurements made by a Japanese group. The impetus for the extensive 36 Cl and other neutron activation

An explanation of the Hiroshima activation dilemma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rhoades, W.A.; Barnes, J.M.; Santoro, R.T.

1994-01-01

A 1987 study of the radiation from the World War II nuclear weapons applied state-of-the-art data and computer techniques, providing an important advance in reliability of the results. Still, a disturbing disagreement remained between slow-neutron activation measurements and calculations for the Hiroshima event. Newer data have confirmed the validity of the discrepancy. This work examines various potential explanations. Of those examined, only an enhancement to the weapon neutron leakage spectrum in the vicinity of the 2.3 MeV oxygen cross section window can fit the data accurately

ABCC-JNTH Adult Health Study. Report 4. 1960-1962 cycle of examinations, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, L R; Fukushima, Kazuko; Seigel, D G

1963-10-29

The purpose is to determine by clinical investigation any late medical effects of radiation in persons exposed to the 1945 atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The prevalence and incidence of certain findings were found to be different in Hiroshima and Nasasaki. For example, tuberculosis, neoplasms of the digestive organs, gastric ulcer, diseases of the thyroid, diabetes mellitus, blood diseases, and arteriosclerosis were more frequent in Hiroshima. On the other hand, syphilis, cerebrovascular accidents, intestinal parasitism, liver and kideny disease, and arthritis were more frequent in Nagasaki. The data from the hematological examinations demonstrate a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit with increasing age in men. In both sexes total white blood cell counts decreased with age and the values for males were higher than those for females. Total white blood cell counts in Hiroshima were higher than in Nagasaki. The need continues for superimposition of a number of epidemiologic investigations onto the basic structure of the Adult Health Study to better define and explore the differences between cities. These substudies will undoubtedly provide a more precise foundation for the study of radiation effects and further understanding of important diseases. Finally, since this study brings together scientists from two parts of the world, patterns of disease detected in Japan inevitably were compared with personal and published experience in the United States. Many suspected differences between these countries have been commented upon in the medical literature. The Adult Health Study is contributing data which will establish or deny these differences. 147 references, 18 figures, 35 tables.

Leukemia in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors from 1946 to 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohkita, Takeshi

1976-01-01

In five recent years, 134 deaths from leukemia among Hiroshima citizen were recorded. Of these, 23 cases (17 acute and 6 chronic types) were atomic bomb survivors exposed within 2,000 m of the hypocenter. Fifteen of them (65%) were over 60 years of age. The frequency of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was still low. Although the risk of leukemia was greatly reduced after 1961, and the frequency of chronic granulocytic leukemia (one of the most characteristic type of Hiroshima atomic bomb-induced leukemia) was also decreased, the death rate from leukemia among survivors exposed within 2,000 m or 1,500 m from the hypocenter was about 3 to 4 times higher than the mean death rate in all Japan. Therefore, careful and long-range follow-up surveillance should be continued. A brief review was also made of relevant studies such as the influence of environmental and host factors in the epidemiology of leukemia, the incidence of leukemia in children exposed in utero, and leukemia in offspring of atomic bomb survivors. (Evans, J.)

Statistical study of autopsy cases in Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital 1956-1975

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamada, T; Ishida, S [H.ma Atomic Bomb Hospital (Japan); Matsushita, Hiroshi

1976-03-01

In order to study the differences in the incidence of a variety of disease (excluding tumors), between the cases exposed to the atomic bomb and those who were unexposed, main lesions were studied statistically by autopsy. The subjects were 1230 cases autopsied at the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital or the Hiroshima Red-Cross Hospital. They were divided into 318 cases exposed at a short distance from the bombed area (within 2 km), and 420 cases exposed at a long distance from that area (more than 2 km), including those who had come to Hiroshima later. Four hundred twenty nine unexposed cases were selected as controls. The incidence of tumor, disturbance of circulation, disturbance of the blood vessels in the brain, blood disease, and respiratory disease was higher in the exposed cases than in the unexposed cases. The incidence of cirrhosis of the liver was higher in females than in males, and was lower in cases farther from the bombed area. Cardiac infarction, valvular disease, and endocarditis were more often seen in the cases exposed near the bombed area. The incidence of the blood vessels in the brain was highest in the exposed cases near the bombed area. The incidence of disturbance of circulation, and disturbance of the blood vessels in the brain had a tendency to be higher in the exposed cases than in the unexposed cases. This is considered to be due to the advanced age in the exposed cases.

Study on origin and sedimentary environment of marine sediments from Kii Channel, Hiroshima Bay and Tosa Bay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Misaki

2008-01-01

The trace amounts of elements in the sediments of sea bottom in Kii Channel, Hiroshima Bay and Tosa Bay were determined quantitatively by the neutron activation analysis. The following facts were illustrated particularly from the quantitative analysis of scandium, rare earths, thorium and uranium: 1) It was known from Ce/La ratio that the geological feature in the west part of Japan is reflected in Kii Channel, Hiroshima Bay and Tosa Bay; 2) The rare-earth element pattern and La/Lu ratio suggest the fact that Kii Channel, Hiroshima Bay and Tosa Bay are essentially composed of the materials of which origin is land; 3) From the fact that Ce/La ratio in these sites are slightly under 1.0, these sites are considered to be affected mainly by the materials of which origin is land; 4) The sedimentary environment in the marine bottom of the Japanese coasts has been found to be mostly under a reductive state. (M.H.)

Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center - An outline and scientific activities

CERN Document Server

Taniguchi, M

2003-01-01

High energy-resolution and low-temperature photoemission spectroscopies (DELTA E=4.5-20 meV and T=6-300 K) have been started on undulator beamlines at Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center with a compact light source. Beamlines for high energy-resolution photoemission spectroscopy and their application to direct observation of pseudogap formation in Kondo systems (CeRhAs, CeRhSb, CePtSn and CeNiSn, LaNiSn) are presented.

A statistical study of autopsy cases in Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital 1956-1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamada, Tadao; Ishida, Sadamu; Matsushita, Hiroshi.

1976-01-01

In order to study the differences in the incidence of a variety of disease (excluding tumors), between the cases exposed to the atomic bomb and those who were unexposed, main lesions were studied statistically by autopsy. The subjects were 1230 cases autopsied at the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital or the Hiroshima Red-Cross Hospital. They were divided into 318 cases exposed at a short distance from the bombed area (within 2 km), and 420 cases exposed at a long distance from that area (more than 2 km), including those who had come to Hiroshima later. Four hundred twenty nine unexposed cases were selected as controls. The incidence of tumor, disturbance of circulation, disturbance of the blood vessels in the brain, blood disease, and respiratory disease was higher in the exposed cases than in the unexposed cases. The incidence of cirrhosis of the liver was higher in females than in males, and was lower in cases farther from the bombed area. Cardiac infarction, valvular disease, and endocarditis were more often seen in the cases exposed near the bombed area. The incidence of the blood vessels in the brain was highest in the exposed cases near the bombed area. The incidence of disturbance of circulation, and disturbance of the blood vessels in the brain had a tendency to be higher in the exposed cases than in the unexposed cases. This is considered to be due to the advanced age in the exposed cases. (Serizawa, K.)

Carcinogenesis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Observations from ABCC-JNIH pathology and statistical studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zeldis, L J; Jablon, S; Ishida, Morihiro

1963-01-01

Studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of a possible carcinogenic effect of radiation in survivors of the atomic bombings are included in programs conducted jointly by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and the Japanese National Institute of Health (JNIH) with the collaboration of physicians and medical organizations in both cities. In order to cope with epidemiologic problems that attend these, in common with other studies of human populations, ABCC-JNIH programs are now oriented to the intensive surveillance of health, morbidity, and mortality principally in known, fixed cohorts of the survivors. The data reported here are derived from 3 interrelated programs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: the JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study, Tumor Registry Studies, and Joint ABCC-JNIH Pathology Studies. The population samples utilized in these studies are defined along with summarizing pertinent information concerning their exposure to ionizing radiation.

Atomic bomb dosimetry for epidemiological studies of survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maruyama, Takashi

1986-01-01

Better atomic bomb (A-bomb) radiation dose estimates with a higher accuracy are required for the epidemiological studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Several scientists have tried to evaluate the free-in-air gamma ray and neutron dose and some weighting factors such as house shielding and body shielding. Since 1965, the tentative 1965 dose (T65D) has been widely used as the basic data for the dose determination of A-bomb survivors in epidemiological studies. In 1976, however, the reevaluation of the T65D dose was proposed by an American scientist who calculated the A-bomb doses on the basis of declassified data on the radiation spectra of the A-bomb. The development of computer technology made it possible to perform complicated dosecalculations for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. This paper describes the history of A-bomb dosimetry, reviews some issues in the determination of T65D, and discusses the necessity of reassessment of A-bomb dose and the expected values for survivors. (author)

Atomic bomb dosimetry for epidemiological studies of survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maruyama, T.

1986-01-01

Better atomic bomb (A-bomb) radiation dose estimates with a higher accuracy are required for the epidemiological studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Several scientists have tried to evaluate the free-in-air gamma ray and neutron dose and some weighting factors such as house shielding and body shielding. Since 1965, the tentative 1965 dose (T65D) had been widely used as the basic data for the dose determination of A-bomb survivors in epidemiological studies. In 1976, however, the reevaluation of the T65D dose was proposed by an American scientist who calculated the A-bomb doses on the basis of declassified data on the radiation spectra of the A-bomb. The development of computer technology made it possible to perform complicated dosecalculations for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. This paper describes the history of A-bomb dosimetry, reviews some issues in the determination of T65D, and discusses the necessity of reassessment of A-bomb dose and the expected values for survivors

Contributing factors to long-term psychological consequences in Hiroshima A-bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asukai, Nozomu; Sugiyama, Hiromi; Kato, Hiroshi; Nakajima, Midori; Saeki, Toshinari

2012-01-01

The atomic bombing in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, caused an estimated casualty of 140,000 by the end of that year. Survivors faced hideous scenes and many lost family members. Later, in the early 1960s, increased rates of leukemia and other types of cancer were observed among the survivors. These long-term health effects caused serious apprehension to linger. However, only a few studies on psychological consequences among the survivors have been conducted. In 2008, Hiroshima City commissioned our study team to perform a large-scale survey on long-term health effects among the survivors. We delivered a questionnaire by mail to all subjects who were living in Hiroshima City and adjacent towns prior to the release of the A-bomb until the study was implemented. The number of potential subjects was 31,598 and the response rate was 75%. We analyzed a subsample of subjects (n=14,373) whose age at the event was 8 or above. In the multiple regression analysis, hibakusha (A-bomb victims) and those who were exposed to the Black Rain (fall-out) showed poor mental health compared to the comparison group on SF-8, K6 and IES-R scores even after adjusting socio-demographic variables. Although traumatic experiences at the event still affected mental health, anxiety for health effects and social stigma showed greater impact. Our findings suggest that even 63 years after the event, apprehension of health effects and social stigma harm mental health in A-bomb survivors. Our findings may also suggest that long-term risk communication will be vital to mitigate mental health effects among survivors of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. (author)

Contributing factors to long-term psychological consequences in Hiroshima A-bomb survivors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asukai, Nozomu [Tokyo Metropolitan Inst. of Medical Science, Tokyo (Japan); Sugiyama, Hiromi [Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Hiroshima (Japan); Kato, Hiroshi [Hyogo Inst. for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Hyogo (Japan); Nakajima, Midori [Hiroshima International Univ., Faculty of Psychological Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima (Japan); Saeki, Toshinari [Hiroshima Univ., Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima, Hiroshima (Japan)

2012-05-15

The atomic bombing in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, caused an estimated casualty of 140,000 by the end of that year. Survivors faced hideous scenes and many lost family members. Later, in the early 1960s, increased rates of leukemia and other types of cancer were observed among the survivors. These long-term health effects caused serious apprehension to linger. However, only a few studies on psychological consequences among the survivors have been conducted. In 2008, Hiroshima City commissioned our study team to perform a large-scale survey on long-term health effects among the survivors. We delivered a questionnaire by mail to all subjects who were living in Hiroshima City and adjacent towns prior to the release of the A-bomb until the study was implemented. The number of potential subjects was 31,598 and the response rate was 75%. We analyzed a subsample of subjects (n=14,373) whose age at the event was 8 or above. In the multiple regression analysis, hibakusha (A-bomb victims) and those who were exposed to the Black Rain (fall-out) showed poor mental health compared to the comparison group on SF-8, K6 and IES-R scores even after adjusting socio-demographic variables. Although traumatic experiences at the event still affected mental health, anxiety for health effects and social stigma showed greater impact. Our findings suggest that even 63 years after the event, apprehension of health effects and social stigma harm mental health in A-bomb survivors. Our findings may also suggest that long-term risk communication will be vital to mitigate mental health effects among survivors of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. (author)

Radiation therapy among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinkston, J.A.; Antoku, Shigetoshi; Russell, W.J.

1980-10-01

In the continuing evaluations of atomic bomb survivors for late radiation effects, not only doses from the A-bombs but those from other radiation sources must be considered, for the latter may be concomitantly acting factors causing bias among these investigations. In the present study, among 73 Hiroshima and 22 Nagasaki Adult Health Study (AHS) subjects who reported receiving radiation therapy, from 1970 through 1979, the medical records of 72 and 20, respectively, were reviewed, and 41 Hiroshima and 14 Nagasaki subjects were confirmed to have received radiation therapy. The data obtained in the present study were pooled with those of the previous investigation on radiation therapy exposures of AHS subjects prior to 1970. A total of 190 subjects have been documented as receiving radiation therapy and their doses were estimated. Energies used in treatments and diseases treated are discussed. Malignancies developed subsequent to radiation therapy in seven cases; five after treatment for malignancies and two after treatment for benign diseases. Neoplasms of 12 AHS subjects may have been induced by earlier radiation therapy; 5 in the earlier study and 7 in the present one. These investigations underscore the need for continued documentation of exposures to ionizing radiation for medical reasons, especially from sources incurring relatively high doses. Bias in assessments of late radiation effects among A-bomb survivors can thus be avoided. (author)

Carcinogenesis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Observations from ABCC-JNIH pathology and statistical studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zeldis, L J; Jablon, S; Ishida, Morihiro

1963-01-01

Studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of a possible carcinogenic effect of radiation in survivors of the atomic bombings are included in programs conducted jointly by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and the Japanese National Institute of Health (JNIH) with the collaboration of physicians and medical organizations in both cities. In order to cope with epidemiologic problems that attend these, in common with other studies of human populations. ABCC-JNIH programs are now oriented to the intensive surveillance of health, morbidity, and mortality principally in known, fixed cohorts of the survivors. The data reported here are derived from 3 interrelated programs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: the JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study, Tumor Registry Studies, and Joint ABCC-JNIH Pathology Studies. The population samples utilized in these studies are defined along with summarizing pertinent information concerning their exposure to ionizing radiation. 11 references, 2 figures, 10 tables.

Adult health study Hiroshima analysis of participation in examinations, July 1958-December 1960

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, Jr, P S

1961-07-19

The participation data for Adult Health Study examinations conducted in Hiroshima during the period July 1958 to December 31, 1960, are presented. The continuing medical examination program includes approximately 13,700 individuals who form the Adult Health Study population of ABCC in Hiroshima. The Adult Health Study population is composed of four exposure groups of equal size, matched by age and sex. Participation scores are analyzed with respect to exposure, age, sex, and socioeconomic variables as well as history of previous contact with the ABCC programs. Significant differences were demonstrated between the participation scores by age, marital status, history of prior contact with ABCC, and occupation; this latter category was significant only for males. Although differences were observed for these variables, the significance was usually attributable to one category in each of the variables, often the least populated, such as separated or divorced for marital status; and previous history unknown for prior ABCC contact. A trend was apparent with respect to exposure, with the lowest participation noted in the nonexposed and the highest participation in the exposed group with symptoms. Sex differences were not significant. Although relatively minor differences were demonstrated for some variables, the outstanding features of this program are the remarkable high participation scores. Only 9 percent of the population were in the so-called refusal category and over 80 percent of the living Adult Health Study population, including non-Hiroshima residents, were examined during the period considered by this report. 6 references, 1 figure, 9 tables.

ABCC-JNIH adult health study 1958-1960, Hiroshima: review of tubercolosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Turner, R W; Hollingsworth, D R

1963-05-15

The present study was undertaken in Hiroshima to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis among the Adult Health Study comparison groups and to attempt to determine whether a radio-sensitive factor could be inferred in resistance to development of clinical tuberculosis. In addition, the data provided an epidemiologic view of tuberculosis in a modern, urban, industrialized Japanese community. 31 references, 7 tables.

Autopsy study of small cardiac scars in Japanese men who lived in Hiroshima, Japan and Honolulu, Hawaii

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steer, A.; Lee, S.S.; Stemmermann, G.N.; Yamamoto, Tsutomu; Rhoads, G.G.

1978-10-01

Japanese men long resident in Honolulu, Hawaii have significantly more ischemic heart disease, but significantly fewer small cardiac scars than men in Hiroshima, Japan. These scars occur in three forms: 1) small scars in the mural myocardium which account for the difference in frequency of small lesions in the two cities, and are of uncertain etiology; 2) areas of diffuse fibrosis in the papillary muscles. These are equally frequent in the two cities, and are associated with advancing age and sclerosis of papillary muscle arteries; and 3) focal scars in the papillary muscles. These are more frequent in Honolulu than Hiroshima. They are healed infarcts due to ischemic heart disease and are associated with a severe degree of extramural coronary artery sclerosis. Small mural myocardial scars, when present, are usually found in multiple sites, and are not related to age at death or heart weight. They are more common in the presence of sclerosis of intramural small arteries, but this association does not explain their more frequent occurrence in Hiroshima. There is no evidence that they are related to A-bomb radiation exposure. (author)

Examination of human diaphragms for trichinosis, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gould, S E; Ozaki, Hiroyuki; Kimura, Kazuo

1961-11-30

Trichinella spiralis has been found in three species of mammals born in Hokkaido so it possibly infects other species in Japan, including man. Although examination of human diaphragms in a small series of 149 autopsies in Hiroshima and 37 autopsies in Nagasaki (by digestion, compression, and microscopic sections) failed to reveal any instance of trichinous infection, it is felt that the existence or absence of human trichinosis inJapan can be determined only by examination covering a larger series of autopsies, and performed in various parts of the country. 6 references.

Tendency of socio-psychological aftereffects on aged survivors in Hiroshima A-bomb survivors home

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimizu, Kiyoshi; Mishima, Tetsuo; Watanabe, Michiko

1984-01-01

Psychosomatic status at the time of A-bomb explosion, behavior and impression immediately after the explosion, aftereffects on life, and mental changes were sought through interview for 80 aged survivors in Hiroshima A-bomb survivor home by psychiatric social workers. (Namekawa, K.)

Memory and Identity in the Emotive Map of Alain Resnais’ Hiroshima Mon Amour (1959

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jytte Holmqvist

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The focus of this article is Alain Resnais’ representation of collective and individual memory and identity in Hiroshima Mon Amour (1959. The film is based on Marguerite Duras’ script from 1958 and remains faithful to this original text. With partial reference to Giuliana Bruno’s views on imaginary cities and urban cartography, the screened urban space will here be read as an emotive map in which the individual love story between the protagonists unfolds against the backdrop of their almost equally intimate relationship with the historically abused city of Hiroshima. This, in Bruno’s words helps create an affective “map of love” (243 or a “body-city on a tender map” (242. The paper highlights the fluid relationship between the protagonists and their environment, as well as the semi-documentary aspects of a film that establishes an effective dialogue between past and present.

La voix off au féminin : Hiroshima mon amour et Aurélia Steiner

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennifer Cazenave

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Une étude comparée du grand film moderne d’Alain Resnais, Hiroshima mon amour (1959, et du dyptique de Marguerite Duras, Aurélia Steiner (1979, laisse entrevoir une filiation entre deux films que vingt ans séparent et où s’entrecroisent un certain nombre de fils conducteurs : le lieu et la parole ; l’histoire et la mémoire ; la voix-off au féminin et l’irreprésentable. Il s’agira donc de penser ces deux œuvres cinématographiques à partir du rapport entre le parler féminin et la représentation du passé, soit la tonte des femmes au moment de la libération dans Hiroshima mon amour, soit l’extermination des Juifs d’Europe dans Aurélia Steiner.

Hiroshima to Fukushima biohazards of radiation

CERN Document Server

Ochiai, Eiichiro

2014-01-01

Set against a backdrop of the recent disaster at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, "Hiroshima to Fukushima" examines the issue of radiation safety. The author provides important and accurate scientific information about the radioactive substances arising from nuclear power plants and weapons, including the effects of this radiation on living organisms. Currently, humankind is at a crossroads and must decide whether to phase out or increase its reliance on nuclear power as weapons and an energy source. Although a few countries, mostly European, have vowed to abolish nuclear power as an energy source, many other countries are about to increase their nuclear power programs. This book is written from a Japanese perspective and thus provides an alternative to views of Western writers. The author includes rigorous scientific analyses, however maintains a broad scope which allows the book to be accessible to decision-makers and non-specialists.

Radiation dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arakawa, E T

1959-01-01

This report summarizes the present state of knowledge in dosimetry of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. Data have been presented on the physical factors involved in the two cities and on attenuation of radiation by various shielding situations. This information is being used to estimate a tentative radiation dose to individual A-bomb survivors. It should be emphasized that many important problems remain to be solved before accurate doses can be assigned to individual survivors. Such information will greatly strengthen investigation of biological consequences of instantaneous doses of gamma and neutron irradiation in men. 18 references, 9 figures.

Some thoughts on Hiroshima: 50 years after the bomb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kato, Shuichi

1997-01-01

Commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Hiroshima, this paper covers three issues: Personal experience, concluding that the bomb was an extraordinary cruel weapon beyond imagination, Japanese experience, i.e. Japanese attitude against nuclear weapons and the actions to be undertaken in order to achieve nuclear-weapon-free world. The support of Non-proliferation Treaty, as well as the support of the protest against any kind of nuclear weapon experiments should be related to the understanding of the cause of the events against which one is protesting. The radical therapy would be the removal of the cause, i.e. the striking discrepancy of nuclear armaments

ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study. Report 3. 1958-1960 cycle of examinations, Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finch, S C; Anderson, Jr, P S

1963-10-29

Results of 10,368 examinations of participants in the ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study, Hiroshima, were tabulated and discussed. About 82% of the entire sample was examined at least once during the 1958-60 cycle. Physical and laboratory findings as well as major diagnoses were considered by comparison group, age, and sex. 8 references, 7 figures, 13 tables.

Unpublished facts about cancer at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delpla, M.

1985-01-01

The author shows that, in spite of uncertainties concerning dosimetry, scientists conducting research into radiopathology can still find their best data in the case histories of atomic bomb survivors. Using his original method he finds that the relations between dose and cancer risk have the same staged form at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and also after radiotherapy. The three-stage shift along the dose axis is easy to interpret. The recent modification proposed for dosimetry of bomb radiation only modifies the dose at each stage. This dose-risk correlation makes it possible for him to pinpoint the carcinogenic effect of supraliminal doses from this radiation with a retroactivity of over thirty years [fr

Andrew J. Rotter, Hiroshima – The Word’s Bomb

OpenAIRE

Pinto, André

2015-01-01

O livro Hiroshima – The world’s bomb de Andrew J. Rotter descreve, sob várias perspetivas, um dos incidentes mais marcantes do século XX. O alcance das bombas atómicas lançadas sobre o Japão deu a conhecer ao mundo uma arma com um poder destrutivo de tal ordem que Estados em guerra se poderiam destruir mutuamente em segundos. A ameaça atómica esteve no centro de um dos conflitos mais longos do século XX – a Guerra Fria – e está, ainda hoje, no centro de vários conflitos entre potências region...

Sensitivity/uncertainty analysis for the Hiroshima dosimetry reevaluation effort

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broadhead, B.L.; Lillie, R.A.; Pace, J.V. III; Cacuci, D.G.

1987-01-01

Uncertainty estimates and cross correlations by range/survivor location have been obtained for the free-in-air (FIA) tissue kerma for the Hiroshima atomic event. These uncertainties in the FIA kerma include contributions due to various modeling parameters and the basic cross section data and are given at three ground ranges, 700, 1000 and 1500 m. The estimated uncertainties are nearly constant over the given ground ranges and are approximately 27% for the prompt neutron kerma and secondary gamma kerma and 35% for the prompt gamma kerma. The total kerma uncertainty is dominated by the secondary gamma kerma uncertainties which are in turn largely due to the modeling parameter uncertainties

The new radiation dosimetry for the A-bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerr, G.D.

1988-01-01

Extensive work has been conducted over the past few years to reassess all aspects of the radiation dosimetry for the A-bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This work has included reviews of the bomb yields, source terms, air transport of neutrons and gamma rays, neutron-induced radioactivity and thermoluminescence in exposed materials, shielding of individuals by buildings, and calculations of organ doses. The results of these theoretical and experimental activities have led to the development of a new dosimetry system which is designated as the Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86). New DS86 estimates of tissue kerma in air and absorbed dose to fifteen organs are available for 94,787 survivors who were either outside and unshielded, outside and shielded by houses, or inside and shielded by houses (64,408 in Hiroshima and 30,379 in Nagasaki). The organ doses are calculated on an age-dependent basis as follows: infants (less than 3 years old at the time of bombing, ATB), children (3 to 12 years old ATB), and adults (more than 12 years old ATB). Work in progress includes the extension of the DS86 system to Nagasaki survivors who were shielded either by terrain or by factory buildings

ABCC-NIH Adult Health Study, Hiroshima, 1959: achlorhydria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knittle, J L

1960-07-12

In Hiroshima Adult Health Study 1251 subjects were examined for achlorhydria and the proportion with achlorhydria was analyzed as to age, sex, blood type, and exposure to radiation. Achlorhydria was found to be more prevalent in subjects aged 40 and over,than in similar United States populations, and blood Type A subjects were found more achlorhydric than Type O subjects at ages 30 to 49. No differences were found between exposed and nonexposed, nor between those exposed at greater and lesser distances from the hypocenter. The data suggest that achlorhydria may be related to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Japan and seem consistent with the hypothesis that achlorhydria occurs prior to gastric cancer and may be related to inherited factors. 26 references, 4 tables.

Estimate of person-years at risk among A-bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hrubec, Z

1964-11-19

Using information from the Supplementary Schedules of the 1950 National Census and from the JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study, cumulative person-years at risk in 1950 to 1960 were estimated by age ATB, sex, distance from hypocenter, radiation dose and symptoms for A-bomb survivors resident in Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities. The number of person-years at risk in 1951 to 1958 was estimated by applying the survivorship in each age group of the Adult Health Study sample during the period 1951 to 1958 to the number of survivors in 1950. To determine the number of person-years at risk from 1959 to 1960, the average yearly loss was evaluated for each exposure group for the period 1955 to 1958 in Hiroshima and for 1953 to 1958 in Nagasaki which was then applied to 1959 and 1960, respectively. The estimate of person-years among the nonexposed groups for this period was obtained from the above estimates, the total population of both cities, and the number of persons born after the A-bombing. Estimates by other associated factors were obtained by the same procedure. 20 references, 25 tables.

Comparison of medical data of atomic-bomb survivors resident in the U.S. and Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, Chikako; Matsubara, Hiroomi; Yamakido, Michio; Yamada, Hiroaki.

1982-01-01

The third medical examination of A-bomb survivors residing in the U.S. was performed in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle and Honolulu during the period 6 - 28 May 1981. The test results were studied and the actual state of the survivors in the U.S., was reviewed as explained hereunder. 1) The number of survivors actually registered with the Committee of A-bomb Survivors in the U.S. is 491 (133 males and 358 females) of whom 57.2% are U.S. citizens. Those exposed in Hiroshima accounted for 91.8%. The mean age was 53.3 +- 8.9, thus they were more than 3 years younger than their counterparts in Hiroshima. The present addresses of the survivors are distributed over 15 states, but those in California constitute 77.6% of the total, and when those residing in the states along the west coast and Hawaii are added the rate increases to 95.9%. 2) Those who underwent health examination numbered 166 (45 males and 121 females), and comparison of the U.S. survivors against the Hiroshima survivors showed there to be a difference in the following points. The prevalence of hypertension was lower among the U.S. survivors, but RBC counts and hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher. The same was observed for blood lipids with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia being found at a significantly higher rate in the U.S. survivors. 3) Those free of clinical abnormalities in this survey were 37.3%, and the rest required dietary guidance, follow-up observation, detailed examination of treatment. Those with diseases which are considered would make them eligible for health management allowance if in Japan, accounted for 18.7%. (author)

Serum immunoglobulin levels in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hall, C B; Hall, W J; Ashley, F W; Hamilton, H B

1972-01-01

Serum immunoglobulins (SI) were determined in 803 survivors and matched controls. Each subject's age, sex, health, exposure, and medical record were evaluated with respect to serum IgG, IgA, IgM levels. The IgG and IgA levels tended to be higher for this Hiroshima population than for Americans. Past exposure to ionizing radiation showed no significant correlation to SI levels. However, age and sex did influence the SI. IgM was significantly higher in females. With advancing age IgG and IgA increased in males, and IgM decreased in females. Elevated sedimentation rate and increased lymphocytes were accompanied by increased SI levels. Radiographic TB was detected in 45% of the population; IgG and IgA levels were somewhat elevated in these individuals. (DLC)

Hiroshima to Fukushima. Biohazards of radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ochiai, Eiichiro

2014-04-01

Examines the issue of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons for a wide audience. Written from a Japanese perspective. Discusses one of the most important policy issues of the 21st Century. Set against a backdrop of the recent disaster at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, ''Hiroshima to Fukushima'' examines the issue of radiation safety. The author provides important and accurate scientific information about the radioactive substances arising from nuclear power plants and weapons, including the effects of this radiation on living organisms. Currently, humankind is at a crossroads and must decide whether to phase out or increase its reliance on nuclear power as weapons and an energy source. Although a few countries, mostly European, have vowed to abolish nuclear power as an energy source, many other countries are about to increase their nuclear power programs. This book is written from a Japanese perspective and thus provides an alternative to views of Western writers. The author includes rigorous scientific analyses, however maintains a broad scope which allows the book to be accessible to decision-makers and non-specialists.

Statement by IAEA Director General on the 60th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-01-01

Full text: No one who has seen the victims, the film footage or photographs of the aftermath of the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II can fail to be horrified by the devastation that was wrought by the use of nuclear weapons. To date, Hiroshima and Nagasaki thankfully remain the only instances in which nuclear weapons have been used, and while it is difficult to speak of any good coming out of such ruin, it has always been hoped that the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki stand as constant reminders of why preventing the further use and proliferation of such weapons - and why nuclear disarmament leading to a nuclear-weapon-free world - is of utmost importance for the survival of humankind and planet Earth. The International Atomic Energy Agency born out of President Eisenhower's 'Atoms for Peace' vision, came at a time when the horrifying consequences and images of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were still fresh. Through its safeguards and verification system in support of the 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and other similar non-proliferation agreements, the IAEA has done a great deal of work to help stem the tide of nuclear proliferation, while ensuring that the benefits of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are made available to all those who want them. While the Agency can effectively verify compliance with non-proliferation undertakings, the value of these efforts can be better realized if they are reinforced by all other components of the nuclear non-proliferation and arms control regime, and accompanied by the political will and dialogue among concerned States to address underlying issues of security and confidence building with a view to achieving a system of collective security that no longer relies on nuclear weapons. A world without nuclear weapons remains a far-off goal and the world continues to be burdened with nearly thirty thousand nuclear warheads. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

Hiroshima: A Study in Science, Politics and the Ethics of War. Teacher and Student Manuals.

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, Jonathan

By focusing on the question of whether it was right or wrong to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, this social studies unit seeks to illuminate the political, military, scientific, and moral complexities involved in making far-reaching decisions today. Sections of the unit use primary materials from American, Japanese, and English sources to…

Background and status of clinical study is determine effects of in utero exposure Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burrow, G N; Hrubec, Zdenek, Finch, S.C.

1964-07-02

The mortality experience of a cohort of approximately 100,000 persons selected from survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings and a comparison of persons who were not in the cities at the time of bombing (ATB) was studied for the period 1 October 1950-30 September 1959.

An autopsy study of cerebrovascular disease in Japanese men who lived in Hiroshima, Japan and Honolulu, Hawaii

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitsuyama, Yoshio; Thompson, L.R.; Hayashi, Takuji; Lee, K.K.; Keehn, R.J.

1979-01-01

Evidence of cerebrovascular disease at autopsy was compared in two groups of men, 186 long time residents of Hiroshima, Japan and 253 men of Japanese ancestry long resident in Honolulu, Hawaii. They were from 45 to 71 years of age at death. Atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis and its major branches, sclerosis of the intraparenchymal arteries and the frequency of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarct were compared in the two populations. The Honolulu subjects had significantly more atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis, but less intraparenchymal artery sclerosis and less cerebral infarction. Cerebral hemorrhage was equally frequent in the two cities. It was concluded that cerebral infarction is more frequent in Japanese men in Hiroshima than Honolulu, and that men of Japanese ancestry in Honolulu are spared an appreciable risk of cerebral infarction through decreased frequency of intraparenchymal arterial sclerosis despite higher levels of atherosclerosis of large intracranial arteries. (author)

Physical Responses of Convective Heavy Rainfall to Future Warming Condition: Case Study of the Hiroshima Event

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenshi Hibino

2018-04-01

Full Text Available An extreme precipitation event happened at Hiroshima in 2014. Over 200 mm of total rainfall was observed on the night of August 19th, which caused floods and many landslides. The rainfall event was estimated to be a rare event happening once in approximately 30 years. The physical response of this event to the change of the future atmospheric condition, which includes a temperature increase on average and convective stability change, is investigated in the present study using a 27-member ensemble experiment and pseudo global warming downscaling method. The experiment is integrated using the Japan Meteorological Research Institute non-hydrostatic regional climate model. A very high-resolution horizontal grid, 500 m, is used to reproduce dense cumulonimbus cloud formation causing heavy rainfall in the model. The future climate condition determined by a higher greenhouse gas concentration is prescribed to the model, in which the surface air temperature globally averaged is 4 K warmer than that in the preindustrial era. The total amounts of precipitation around the Hiroshima area in the future experiments are closer to or slightly lower than in the current experiments in spite of the increase in water vapor due to the atmospheric warming. The effect of the water vapor increase on extreme precipitation is found to be canceled out by the suppression of convection due to the thermal stability enhancement. The fact that future extreme precipitation like the Hiroshima event is not intensified is in contrast to the well-known result that extreme rainfall tends to be intensified in the future. The results in the present study imply that the response of extreme precipitation to global warming differs for each rainfall phenomenon.

Hematologic studies of irradiated survivors in Hiroshima, Japan. Refractory anemia occurring in survivors of the atomic bombing in Nagasaki, Japan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamasowa, Yoshimichi; Lange, R D; Wright, S W; Tomonaga, Masanobu; Kurasaki, Hirotami; Matsuoka, Shigeru; Matsunaga, Haruji

1959-01-01

This document contains 2 reports on the effects of radiation on the survivors of the atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first report is a hematologic survey conducted 33 to 44 months after the detonation of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan. The hematologic findings on a total of 824 survivors are compared with those on a control group of 1145 residents of Kure. Although statistical differences are apparent in the two groups, when one takes into account errors inherent in the hematologic methods themselves and differences in the possible incidence of parasitism and nutrition it would be unwarranted to attribute the slight changes found to radiation effect. The data presented here seem to indicate that radiation resulting from the explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, on August 6, 1945, has not significantly varied the hematologic values as analyzed in this report over a three-to four-year period. In the second report, the case histories of six Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors who developed refractory anemia are presented. Four of these individuals received undoubted radiation injury. The fact that refractory anemia may occur as a late manifestation of exposure to atomic radiation is pointed out. 15 references, 5 figures, 2 tables.

ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study, Hiroshima 1958-1960. Cardiovascular Project Report 3. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases related to associated factors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ueda, Shoichi; Yano, Katsuhiko

1962-12-12

A long-term follow-up investigation of cardiovascular disease was organized primarily as an intensive substudy of the ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study and secondarily for epidemiologic comparison with data on the Framingham, Massachusetts, population. One of the purposes of the present cardiovascular studies on a Hiroshima population was to obtain data comparable with that of the Framingham Study. An equally important aspect of the Hiroshima study is to explore radiation effects on the cardiovascular system. The sample is the Adult Health Study population and consists of 13,000 males and females in Hiroshima. This report provides the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the first cross-section examined during 1958-1960 together with certain information on related factors. The overall attrition rate was 25%; 15% was caused by death or migration before the examination and 10% by refusal to participate. No significant difference was found in the blood pressure levels between the nonrespondents and the respondents in comparison with results of prior examinations at ABCC. The prevalence of various cardiovascular diseases was analyzed by sex and age. The analysis also extended to relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body weight, heart size, and occupation, with the prevalence of coronary heart disease for the sample over 40 years of age. 12 references, 15 tables.

Hiroshima. History and topicality of the atomic threat. Baseline material and information for education

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verfuss, K.; Wunderer, H.

1995-01-01

Hiroshima is an important topic for education, not only in history and social sciences classes, but just as well for courses in German, ethics, religion, and in the natural sciences. The material has been compiled to serve as an information source both for specific subjects and for interdisciplinary approaches, and has been arranged in compliance with the didactic principles of multiperspective approach and controversial aspects. (orig.) [de

Month of estimated onset of leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nefzger, M D; Hoshino, Takashi; Itoga, Takashi; Yamada, Atsushi; Toyoda, Shigeki

1963-10-03

The monthly distribution of onset of leukemia during 1946-61 has been examined in 638 known cases among Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Comparisons were made of sex, city, chronicity, and distance from the hypocenter. A summer excess was most prominent in the group 0-1999 m from the hypocenter, and an autumn deficiency was most consistently seen in the various subgroups. No explanation of these differences can be offered. 1 reference, 2 figures, 3 tables.

Uncertainties under emergency conditions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 and Bikini accident in 1954

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishiwaki, Y.; Kawai, H.; Shono, N.; Fujita, S.; Matsuoka, H.; Fujiwara, S.; Hosoda, T.

2000-01-01

In exploding an atomic bomb, in addition to ionizing radiation, strong non-ionizing radiation, such as infrared, ultraviolet light, visible light, electromagnetic pulse radiation, as well as heat and shock waves are produced. The survivors and those who visited Hiroshima immediately after the atomic bombing could have been subjected to a number of other possible noxious effects in addition to atomic radiation. Hospitals, laboratories, drugstores, pharmaceutical works, storehouses of chemicals, factories, etc. that were situated close to the hypocenter were all completely destroyed and various mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic substances must have been released, many doctors, nurses and chemists were killed. There was no medical care and no food in the region of high dose exposure and the drinking water was contaminated. There would have been various possibilities of infection. Mental stress would also have been much higher in the survivors closer to the hypocenter. It is confusing which factor played a dominant role. In addition, there would be problems in accurately identifying the position of the exposed persons at the time of the atomic bombing and also in estimating the shielding factors. There may be considerable uncertainty in human memory under such conditions. It is also possible that there could have been a large storage of gasoline to be used for transportation of the army corps in Hiroshima. Therefore there is a possibility that various toxic substances, mutagenic or carcinogenic agents such as benzopyrene and other radiomimetic substances, chemical weapons (Yperit, Lewisite, etc.) could have been released from various facilities which were destroyed at the time of the atomic bombing. After the German surrender, in May 1945, it was reported in June, in Japan, that the USA might attempt landing on Japan mainland, and that they might be planning massive use of chemical weapons all over Japan on that occasion. Preparing for such case chemical officers

Technical Basis for Expedited Processing of Radiation Dose Assessments for NTPR Hiroshima and Nagasaki Participants

Science.gov (United States)

2015-11-01

phenomena can include processes such as wind, rainfall runoff and infiltration, and flooding. Although soil samples taken in the area of Nishiyama...1980), weathering effects have been postulated to account for inconsistencies found in measurements of soil samples from the Nishiyama Reservoir...Processing of Radiation Dose Assessments for NTPR Hiroshima and Nagasaki Participants DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is

Primary liver carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1961-75, with special reference to HBs antigen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asano, Masahide; Kato, Hiroo; Yoshimoto, Keiko; Seyama, Shinichi; Itakura, Hideyo.

1982-03-01

During 1961-75, 128 cases of primary liver carcinoma (PLC) in the RERF Life Span Study extended sample and 301 cases of liver cirrhosis in the RERF Pathology Study sample were observed. All cases were assessed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HB sub(s) Ag) using orcein and aldehyde fuchsin staining. The incidence of PLC was 2.0 times higher in Nagasaki than in Hiroshima which was statistically significant, but the prevalence of liver cirrhosis showed hardly any difference between the two cities. Meaningful findings that may possibly explain the higher incidence of PLC in Nagasaki were that the presence of HB sub(s) Ag in the liver of patients without overt liver disease was 2.3 times higher in Nagasaki than in Hiroshima, and the prevalence of liver cirrhosis associated with PLC, especially that of posthepatitic cirrhosis with PLC, was almost 2.0 times higher in Nagasaki than in Hiroshima. In both cities a suggestive relationship of radiation dose with the prevalence of liver cirrhosis was noted but not with PLC. We believe that the higher incidence of PLC in Nagasaki is attributable to HB virus infection, though other factors, such as immunological competence affected by radiation, cannot be excluded. (author)

Hiroshima - Monday August 6, 1945, 8h15 a.m

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hersey, John; Belmont, Georges; Haas, Pascale

2011-01-01

On 6 August 1945 at 8.15 a.m., Hiroshima was destroyed by the first atom bomb ever dropped on a city, killing one hundred thousand men, women and children in its white fury. This book, John Hersey's journalistic masterpiece, tells what happened on that day. Told through the memories of six civilians who survived against the odds, this timeless, powerful and compassionate document tells the moments that have preceded and followed the atomic explosion. John Hersey's spare, devastating report on the attack was first published in the New Yorker in 1946. Written in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, it is a classic piece of journalism, and a defining moment of the nuclear age

Plutonium characteristics in sediments of Hiroshima Bay in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhiyong Liu; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba; Jian Zheng; Masatoshi Yamada; Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori; Shaoming Pan; Hodaka Kawahata

2011-01-01

Sediment core samples were collected from Hiroshima Bay in the Seto Inland Sea, western Northwest Pacific Ocean, and their 239+240 Pu activities and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios were determined by sector field ICP-MS. The activities of 239+240 Pu ranged from 0.556 ± 0.025 to 0.745 ± 0.023 mBq/g. The atom ratios of 240 Pu/ 239 Pu were almost constant within the whole depth; the average value was 0.227 ± 0.014. This atom ratio was significantly higher than the mean global fallout ratio of 0.18, proving the presence of close-in fallout Pu that originated from the Pacific Proving Ground (PPG). The water masses exchanges between the Kuroshio Current and the Seto Inland Sea brought the PPG source Pu to this area, then Pu was extensively scavenged into sediment particles supplied by the rivers around the bay. The relative contributions of the global fallout Pu and the PPG close-in fallout Pu were evaluated by the two end-member mixing model. The contribution of the PPG close-in fallout was 38-41% of the total Pu in sediment. The remaining 59-62% was attributed to direct global fallout and the land-origin Pu transported by the rivers around the Hiroshima Bay. (author)

Whole-blood phagocytic and bactericidal activities of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sasagawa, Sumiko; Yoshimoto, Yasuhiko; Toyota, Emiko; Neriishi, Shotaro; Yamakido, Michio; Matsuo, Miyo; Hosoda, Yutaka; Finch, S.C.

1989-04-01

This in vitro study evaluated the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of leukocytes in aliquots of whole blood from Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors for Staphylococcus aureus. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Any significant effects of exposure to A-bomb radiation could not be detected for both phagocytic and bactericidal activities of whole blood from A-bomb survivors. In addition, there were no significant effects of age categories, sex or city, except in neutrophil counts. (J.P.N.)

Clinical survey to detect diabetes mellitus, Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rudnick, P A; Anderson, Jr, P S

1961-07-19

Data from this study are in agreement with the general observations that diabetes is not uncommon in Japan. In an adult study population in Hiroshima 108 patients with diabetes were detected, yielding the prevalence rate of 3.02 percent. Nearly one-half of the patients were diagnosed initially as a result of the routine detection program. Although in females a trend with exposure is suggested by the raw data no statistically significant differences could be demonstrated. However, the size of the sample involved does not permit confident negative conclusions. Additional clinical and laboratory observations were completed in order to characterize the manifestation of diabetes in these subjects. Late manifestations of diabetes frequently were found, but atherosclerotic complications were nonexistent. This is considered to be related to the low fat, high carbohydrate diet of the Japanese. The lack of ketosis, apparently low prevalence rate for juveniles, and male preponderance suggest that diabetes in Japan differs from the disease found in many Western countries. 69 references, 1 figure, 9 tables.

Spatial analysis of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) concentrations and probabilistic risk to marine organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mochida, Kazuhiko; Hano, Takeshi; Onduka, Toshimitsu; Ichihashi, Hideki; Amano, Haruna; Ito, Mana; Ito, Katsutoshi; Tanaka, Hiroyuki; Fujii, Kazunori

2015-01-01

We analyzed the spatial distribution of an antifouling biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) in the surface water and sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan to determine the extent of contamination by this biocide. A quantitative estimate of the environmental concentration distribution (ECD) and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for marine organisms were derived by using a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a probabilistic ecological risk analysis, such as calculation of the expected potentially affected fraction (EPAF). The spatial distribution analysis supported the notion that Sea-Nine 211 is used mainly for treatment of ship hulls in Japan. The calculated EPAF suggests that approximately up to a maximum of 0.45% of marine species are influenced by the toxicity of Sea-Nine 211 in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, estimation of the ecological risk with a conventional risk quotient method indicated that the risk was a cause for concern in Hiroshima Bay. - Highlights: • Spatial distribution analysis exhibits the dynamics of Sea-Nine 211 in Hiroshima Bay. • Probabilistic ecological risk of the biocide was estimated with a Bayesian approach. • Approximately up to 0.45% of marine species were possibly influenced by the toxicity. • The risk analysis concludes that Sea-Nine 211 should be a priority for further work. - Spatial distribution of an antifouling biocide and quantification of its ecological risk were elucidated

Mortality of Hiroshima A-bomb survivors exposed at the black rain region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Satoh, Kenichi; Otani, Keiko; Tonda, Tetsuji

2012-01-01

An epidemiological study was performed on the black rain as a death risk factor of survivors in Hiroshima Uda's (U) light to heavy black rain regions using the positional parameters at their exposure. Subjects were 27,610 A-bomb survivors at Jan. 1, 1970 with known positional coordinate and direct dose at explosion, followed until Dec. 31, 2009, whose endpoint was defined to be their all deaths due to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, cancers, etc. Confounding factors were sex (11,457 males/16,153 females), age at exposure (av. 25 y) and dose (av. 0.045 Gy), with which analysis was done by Cox proportional hazard model. The confounding interaction of the age/U region was found significant: e.g., at the exposed age 25 y, the hazard ratio was calculated to be 1.084, indicating about 8% higher hazard ratio of U region than the area outside of U. When the effect of the sex, exposed age and direct dose were adjusted to be minimized, the risk was found distributed mainly in concentric circle from hypocenter, yet still the effect of indirect exposure was observed though. When the distance instead of the indirect dose was used as an explanatory variable, it resulted in being significant with no significance of the direct exposure dose. Risk map employing the positional information at explosion revealed that the risk distribution was locally different even in U region itself. Thus this study suggested that the black rain was a mortality risk factor in the U raining region of Hiroshima. (T.T.)

ABCC-JNIH pathology studies, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Report No. 1, October 1950-September 1962

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Angevine, D M; Jablon, S; Matsumoto, Y S

1963-06-11

The report describes a study of autopsies of persons in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The factors influencing selection for autopsy were analyzed. The objective was to endow the autopsy program with a high degree of statistical control. The degree of correlation between death certificate diagnoses and the autopsy anatomic diagnoses was determined. The effects of the degree of exposure to radiation on different disease groups, with special emphasis on malignant tumors, was ascertained. 14 references, 22 tables. (ACR)

Inventory of ABCC-RERF autopsies Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1948-1980

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-10-01

This is the fourth inventory of ABCC-RERF autopsies which covers those performed from 1948-80 (the other three inventories). For general information the introduction of the third inventory (1948-70) is included with some modification, and deaths and autopsy rates for 1971-80 are added. ABCC-RERF performed 10,096 autopsies (6,555 in Hiroshima and 3,541 in Nagasaki) from 1948 to 1980. Protocols, tissues, sections, smears, etc., assembled by the collaborating institutions were examined by members of the ABCC Department of Pathology who completed ABCC records for each case. Copies of all protocols, gross tissues, and histological sections were placed in a designated repository in the Medical School of each city where they are available to all qualified and interested investigators. (J.P.N.)

Sensitivity/uncertainty analysis for free-in-air tissue kerma due to initial radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lillie, R.A.; Broadhead, B.L.; Pace, J.V. III

1988-01-01

Uncertainty estimates and cross correlations by range/survivor have been calculated for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki free-in-air (FIA) tissue kerma obtained from two-dimensional air/ground transport calculations. The uncertainties due to modeling parameter and basic nuclear transport data uncertainties were calculated for 700-, 1000-, and 1500-m ground ranges. Only the FIA tissue kerma due to initial radiation was treated in the analysis; the uncertainties associated with terrain and building shielding and phantom attenuation were not considered in this study. Uncertainties of --20% were obtained for the prompt neutron and secondary gamma kerma and 30% for the prompt gamma kerma at both cities. The uncertainties on the total prompt kerma at Hiroshima and Nagasaki are --18 and 15%, respectively. The estimated uncertainties vary only slightly by ground range and are fairly highly correlated. The total prompt kerma uncertainties are dominated by the secondary gamma uncertainties, which in turn are dominated by the modeling parameter uncertainties, particularly those associated with the weapon yield and radiation sources

Incidence of leukemia in a fixed cohort of atomic bomb survivors and controls, Hiroshima and Nagasaki October 1950 - December 1978

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichimaru, Michito; Ishimaru, Toranosuke; Mikami, Motoko; Yamada, Yasuaki; Ohkita, Takeshi.

1982-12-01

The present analysis of leukemia incidence is confined to 189 cases in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The analysis again demonstrates that the risk of all types of leukemia has increased with dose in both cities except among individuals who received less than 100 rad in kerma total dose in Nagasaki. The shape of the dose-response curve is different in the two cities and between the two major types of leukemia (acute leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia), though the average marrow total dose is quite similar in each total kerma dose class in the two cities. The present findings are quite consistent with those described in the previous report. The excess risk among survivors who received 100 rad or more kerma total dose has gradually declined with years after exposure in both cities. It had disappeared among Nagasaki survivors by 1970 (25 years after exposure) but the risk was still high even after 1970 among exposed survivors in Hiroshima who were 30 years of age or older ATB. The leukemogenic effect of radiation differs in relation to dose, age ATB, and duration after exposure between Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors. The analysis has again supported previous observations that the leukemogenic effect of radiation in those individuals exposed at younger ages ATB was greater in the early postbomb period and declined more rapidly in subsequent years, while the effect in older individuals ATB appeared later and persisted longer. (author)

Research plan for joint ABCC-NIH pathology studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1962-07-27

A program for the conduct of pathology studies within fixed cohorts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survirors is described. It is intended that the program serve as a basis for collaborative efforts by community medical institutions and organizations together with ABCC-NIH in both cities. The report describes the scope of the program, together with epidemiologic aspects of the population base and methods of case procurement, and outlines proposed studies. Detailed descriptions of autopsy protocols, surgical pathology reports, coding procedures, and other procedural and operating matters will be considered in a subsequent report. 37 references, 4 figures, 8 tables.

A californium-252 source for radiobiological studies at Hiroshima University

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kato, Kazuo; Takeoka, Seiji; Kuroda, Tokue; Tsujimura, Tomotaka; Kawami, Masaharu; Hoshi, Masaharu; Sawada, Shozo

1987-01-01

A 1.93 Ci (3.6 mg) californium-252 source was installed in the radiation facility of the Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Hiroshima University. This source produces fission neutrons (8.7 x 10 9 n/s at the time of its installation), which are similar to neutron spectrum of the atomic bombs. It is useful for studying biological effects of fission neutrons and neutron dosimetry. An apparatus was dosigned to accomodate this source and to apply it to such studies. It has resulted in profitable fission neutron exposures, while suppressing scattered neutrons and secondary gamma rays. This apparatus incorporates many safety systems, including one which interlocks with all of doors and an elevator serving the exposure room, so as to prevent accidents involving users. (author)

Distribution of onset of leukemia among atomic bomb survivors in the leukemia registry by dose, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946-75

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishimaru, Toranosuke; Ichimaru, Michito; Mikami, Motoko; Yamada, Yasuaki; Tomonaga, Yuu.

1982-03-01

The data from the RERF Leukemia Registry for the years 1946-75 were used to determine the distribution of onset of acute leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia among atomic bomb survivors in relation to city, dose, and age at the time of the bomb (ATB). A total of 509 confirmed leukemia cases (297 in Hiroshima and 212 in Nagasaki) have occurred among A-bomb survivors in the open populations of these cities in these years. Analysis revealed that the onset of both acute leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia tends to shift to earlier years with increasing dose in Hiroshima, but in Nagasaki, although the onset of both types of leukemia was earlier in the high dose group than in the low dose or control groups, the latter two groups did not differ. The distribution of onset of acute leukemia in the three dose groups also depended upon age ATB. While the distribution of onset of acute leukemia among those survivors whose age ATB was less than 30 differed significantly in the three dose classes, this tendency was not observed among those individuals whose age ATB was 30 years or more. For chronic granulocytic leukemia, the onset was shifted to earlier years in the high dose group than in the control group regardless of age ATB in Hiroshima. These findings support the pattern of leukemogenesis observed in A-bomb survivors in the Life Span Study sample, a fixed cohort, in relation to city, dose, age ATB, and years after exposure. (author)

Doses to early entrants to the A-bombed areas and to residents of the fallout areas and 137Cs in soil of the 'black rain' area in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takeshita, Kenji

1976-01-01

An external exposure dose from residual activity (induced radioactivity in the fallout areas and radioactive fallout in the ''black rain'' area) caused by an atomic bomb in Hiroshima was estimated. The integrated doses to the infinite time averaged 101 rads in the atomic bombed area of Hiroshima and 32 rads in that area of Nagasaki. According to the measurement by investigators, the integrated doses of the external exposure dose due to radioactive fallout averaged 13 rads. The amount of 137 Cs in soils was determined in the southest slanting surface

Health effects on individuals and health services of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohkita, T.

1984-01-01

Human injuries caused by the A-bomb can be categorized as the result of thermal rays, ionizing radiation, or blast. Many persons sustained injuries from more than one cause, any one of which could have been fatal. In addition to such direct injuries, indirect injuries were sustained, caused by fire or the fall of rubble from demolished buildings. The severity of early A-bomb injuries was directly proportional to distance from the hypocentre. Many hospitals and clinics throughout Hiroshima City and Nagasaki City were destroyed or damaged depending on their distance from the hypocentre and the extent to which they were shielded topographically

Growth and development studies Hiroshima and Nagasaki: research plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finch, S C; Jablon, S; Hrubec, Zdenek

1962-03-21

This report summarizes the research plan for prospective evaluation of growth and development in those exposed to varying amounts of ionizing radiation during childhood or while in utero in Hiroshima or Nagasaki. Some experimental observations are briefly presented to provide background information, and the results of previous studies of growth and development at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) are reviewed. Procedures have been described for determining the top of the growth curve for the in utero exposed and the maximum growth and development of those exposed during childhood in comparison to their nonexposed counterparts. Differences in growth and development found between exposed and nonexposed individuals will be analysed in relation to radiation dose, age at time of exposure, sex, and socioeconomic factors. Attempts will be made to determine whether or not abnormalities in visual acuity are increased in those exposed while in utero or during childhood as compared to nonexposed or comparable ages. 23 references, 2 tables.

Audiometric changes with age in Hiroshima: a statistical study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hollingsworth, J W; Ishii, Goro

1960-10-01

Audiometry observations were analyzed for 290 irradiated survivors of the 1945 atomic bomb in Hiroshima and in 293 nonirradiated subjects. The study was undertaken in order to determine the age changes in audiology in irradiated and nonirradiated subjects as well as to investigate the pattern of hearing levels in a Japanese population for comparison with patterns in Caucasians. The following statistical observations were made. Correlation between hearing levels for right and left ear. Correlation between hearing levels at various cycles. Changes in hearing levels by age and sex. The relation between age and decibel loss was not linear and correlation ratios with age were 0.45 to 0.72. Audiometry seems to be of some value as one of a battery of tests of physiologic aging designed for detection of irradiation induced nonspecific aging acceleration. In this relatively small sample, no differences in hearing acuity were detected in the atomic bomb survivors as compared with the control sample. 6 references, 3 figures, 9 tables.

Workshop Report on Atomic Bomb Dosimetry--Review of Dose Related Factors for the Evaluation of Exposures to Residual Radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Science.gov (United States)

Kerr, George D; Egbert, Stephen D; Al-Nabulsi, Isaf; Bailiff, Ian K; Beck, Harold L; Belukha, Irina G; Cockayne, John E; Cullings, Harry M; Eckerman, Keith F; Granovskaya, Evgeniya; Grant, Eric J; Hoshi, Masaharu; Kaul, Dean C; Kryuchkov, Victor; Mannis, Daniel; Ohtaki, Megu; Otani, Keiko; Shinkarev, Sergey; Simon, Steven L; Spriggs, Gregory D; Stepanenko, Valeriy F; Stricklin, Daniela; Weiss, Joseph F; Weitz, Ronald L; Woda, Clemens; Worthington, Patricia R; Yamamoto, Keiko; Young, Robert W

2015-12-01

Groups of Japanese and American scientists, supported by international collaborators, have worked for many years to ensure the accuracy of the radiation dosimetry used in studies of health effects in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Reliable dosimetric models and systems are especially critical to epidemiologic studies of this population because of their importance in the development of worldwide radiation protection standards. While dosimetry systems, such as Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) and Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02), have improved, the research groups that developed them were unable to propose or confirm an additional contribution by residual radiation to the survivor's total body dose. In recognition of the need for an up-to-date review of residual radiation exposures in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a half-day technical session was held for reports on newer studies at the 59 th Annual HPS Meeting in 2014 in Baltimore, MD. A day-and-a-half workshop was also held to provide time for detailed discussion of the newer studies and to evaluate their potential use in clarifying the residual radiation exposure to atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The process also involved a re-examination of very early surveys of radioisotope emissions from ground surfaces at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and early reports of health effects. New insights were reported on the potential contribution to residual radiation from neutron-activated radionuclides in the airburst's dust stem and pedestal and in unlofted soil, as well as from fission products and weapon debris from the nuclear cloud. However, disparate views remain concerning the actual residual radiation doses received by the atomic bomb survivors at different distances from the hypocenter. The workshop discussion indicated that measurements made using thermal luminescence and optically stimulated luminescence, like earlier measurements, especially in very thin layers of the samples, could be expanded to detect possible

NEDO Forum 2001. Session on development of geothermal energy (Prospect of geothermal energy); NEDO Forum 2001. Chinetsu kaihatsu session (chinetsu energy no tenbo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-09-20

The presentations made at the above-named session of the NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) forum held in Tokyo on September 20, 2001, are collected in this report. Director Noda of Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, delivered a lecture entitled 'Future course of geothermal technology development,' and Executive Director Iikura of Tokyo Toshi Kaihatsu, Inc., a lecture entitled 'Thinking of geothermal energy.' Described in an achievement report entitled 'Present state and future trend of geothermal development' were the present state of geothermal power generation and characteristics of geothermal energy, signification of the introduction of binary cycle power generation, and the promotion of the introduction of ground heat utilizing heat pump systems. Stated in a lecture entitled 'Geothermal development promotion survey' were the geothermal development promotion survey and its result and how to implement such surveys in the future. Reported in a lecture entitled 'Verification survey of geothermal energy probing technology and the like and the development of geothermal water utilizing power plant and the like' were reservoir fluctuation probing, deep-seated thermal resource probing and collecting, 10-MW class demonstration plant, Measurement While Drilling System, and a hot rock power generation system. (NEDO)

Hiroshima Diary - August 6-September 30, 1945

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hachiya, Michihiko; Duran, Simon

2011-01-01

Michihiko Hachiya was director of the Hiroshima Communications Hospital when the world's first atomic bomb was dropped on the city. Though his responsibilities in the appalling chaos of a devastated city were awesome, he found time to record the story daily, with compassion and tenderness. Hachiya's diary covers the period from Aug. 6, 1945 to Sept. 30, 1945. He described the effects of the atomic bomb blast from its first flash in the early morning as he rested from his night shift as an air warden at the hospital. The force of the blast stripped all the clothes from his body but he and his wife survived, however they both received serious burns to their bodies and had to journey to the hospital Michihiko worked at. He spent the night in the care of the hospital staff who were not seriously injured and started making his daily rounds that he would have normally made as a doctor. As time passes an understanding of what hit their city clears up, and historical events such as the surrender of Japan are brought up. The condition of the hospital also drastically improves as more medical supplies are brought into the city, allowing them to better treat patients

Tissue kerma vs distance relationships for initial nuclear radiation from the atomic devices detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerr, G.D.; Pace, J.V. III; Scott, W.H. Jr.

1983-06-01

Initial nuclear radiation is comprised of prompt neutrons and prompt primary gammas from an exploding nuclear device, prompt secondary gammas produced by neutron interactions in the environment, and delayed neutrons and delayed fission-product gammas from the fireball formed after the nuclear device explodes. These various components must all be considered in establishing tissue kerma vs distance relationships which describe the decrease of initial nuclear radiation with distance in Hiroshima and in Nagasaki. The tissue kerma at ground evel from delayed fission-product gammas and delayed neutrons was investigated using the NUIDEA code developed by Science Applications, Inc. This code incorporates very detailed models which can take into account such features as the rise of the fireball, the rapid radioactive decay of fission products in it, and the perturbation of the atmosphere by the explosion. Tissue kerma vs distance relationships obtained by summing results of these current state-of-the-art calculations will be discussed. Our results clearly show that the prompt secondary gammas and delayed fission-product gammas are the dominant components of total tissue kerma from initial nuclear radiation in the cases of the atomic (or pure-fission) devices detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Air-over-ground calculations of the neutron, prompt, and secondary-gamma free-in-air tissue kerma from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pace, J.V. III; Knight, J.R.; Bartine, D.E.

1982-01-01

This paper reports preliminary results of the two-dimensional discrete-ordinate, calculations for the air-over-ground transport of radiation from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki weapon devices. It was found that the gamma-ray kerma dominated the total kerma for both environments

Relation of radiation of gastric carcinoma observed in autopsy cases in a fixed population Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, Y; Yamamoto, T [Radiation Effect Research Foundation (Japan)

1976-03-01

The relationship between exposure dose and the occurrence of stomach cancer, especially the histological type of the cancer was studied in 535 autopsy cases which had died of stomach cancer from 1961 to 1974 in the Radiation Effect Research Foundation. The incidence of stomach cancer tended to be higher in the group with high exposure dose in Hiroshima, and only in the group with 300 - 399 rads in Nagasaki. The relationship between the incidence of stomach cancer by age at the exposure and the exposure dose was studied by the relative risk (200-499 rads/ 0 rads) of the incidence of stomach cancer by age. The relative risk was 1.56 in the group which had been more than 50 years old at exposure in both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The risk of stomach cancer was higher in more aged persons at the exposure. From the aspect of the relationship between histological type of stomach cancer and exposure dose, the incidence of intestinal type or diffuse type tended to be higher in the persons who had much more doses. Because there were small number of cases, there was no statistically significant differences between the incidence of stomach cancer and the exposure dose.

The delayed effects of radiation exposure among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945-79

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finch, S.C.; Moriyama, I.M.

1980-07-01

The most important radiation-induced late medical effect in the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been the increased occurrence of certain neoplasms, specifically, leukemia and cancers of the thyroid, lung, and breast. Other definite radiation-related effects include an increase in posterior lenticular opacities, chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and some abnormalities of growth and development following irradiation while in utero or during childhood. Moderate to fairly strong associations between A-bomb exposure and the increased occurrence of stomach cancer, multiple myeloma, and several other types of cancer have been observed. Radiation relationships also are suggestive for alterations of certain aspects of immune mechanisms and the increased occurrence of myelofibrosis. No increase in genetic effects has been demonstrated in the children born of exposed parents, and studies to data have been negative for evidence of increased infertility, accelerated aging, or increased mortality from diseases other than cancer. In general, the radiation dose-response relationships for most positive effects have been higher in Hiroshima than in Nagasaki, and the shape of the dose-response curves for certain effects is different in the two cities. These differences may be related to differences in the quality of the radiation from the two A-bombs. For several radiation-related effects the latent period following exposure is shorter and the incidence rate is higher in personse exposed when young as compared to exposure later in life. (author)

Adult health study. Hiroshima preliminary report, 1958-1959

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hollingsworth, J W; Anderson, Jr, P S

1961-06-28

The first 4151 clinical examinations of radiation exposed and nonexposed persons in the Hiroshima Adult Health Study have been tabulated and reviewed. No evident differences in past history, medical symptoms, physical examination, laboratory findings, nor disease incidence could be related to the atomic radiation in 1945. The sample is small and represents only a portion of the first cycle of an examination procedure that is planned to continue indefinitely at approximately two year intervals. This report, consisting of a review of the program and the findings in this preliminary sample, includes extensive tabular data (Tables 28-65) from the coded medical information. It was not expected that radiation induced changes would be evident from this sample unless they were of unexpected prominence. The report was prepared primarily to describe the problems inherent in an epidemiologic medical study of this sort, and to review the type of data that can be obtained for future analyses. This analysis was conducted to pinpoint some of the problems; to assist others contemplating this type of medical study; to illuminate for ABCC the data that are being collected; and to suggest ways to use these data most effectively. 16 references, 1 figure, 65 tables.

Mortality statistics by causes of death among A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima prefecture, 1973 - 1977

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayakawa, Norihiko; Munaka, Masaki; Kurihara, Minoru

1985-01-01

The standardized mortality ratios of A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture between 1973 and 1977 were compared with those of non-exposed population in this prefecture. In the malignant neoplasms, the ratios for leukemia, liver, breast, lung, larynx, brain, bone, skin, uterus, bladder and colon were higher than non-exposed. Other than the neoplasms, the ratios for cirrhosis of liver, diabetes, hypertensive diseases and blood and blood-forming organs were higher than nonexposed, while those for heart diseases, cerebro-vascular diseases, senility, gastro-enteritis and accidents were lower than non-exposed. (author)

Deep underground measurements of 60Co in steel exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb explosion.

Science.gov (United States)

Hult, Mikael; Gasparro, Joël; Vasselli, Roberto; Shizuma, Kiyoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu; Arnold, Dirk; Neumaier, Stefan

2004-01-01

When using gamma-ray spectrometry performed deep underground, it is possible to measure 60Co activities down to 0.1 mBq in steel samples of some 100 g without any pre-concentration. It is thus still possible to measure 60Co induced by neutrons from the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima in pieces of steel collected at distances up to about 1200 m slant range. The results of non-destructive measurements of eight steel samples are compared with the 1986 Dose Re-Evaluation (DS86) model calculations.

Deep underground measurements of 60Co in steel exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb explosion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hult, Mikael; Gasparro, J.Joeel; Vasselli, Roberto; Shizuma, Kiyoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu; Arnold, Dirk; Neumaier, Stefan

2004-01-01

When using gamma-ray spectrometry performed deep underground, it is possible to measure 60 Co activities down to 0.1 mBq in steel samples of some 100 g without any pre-concentration. It is thus still possible to measure 60 Co induced by neutrons from the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima in pieces of steel collected at distances up to about 1200 m slant range. The results of non-destructive measurements of eight steel samples are compared with the 1986 Dose Re-Evaluation (DS86) model calculations

Malignant lymphoma in survivors of the atomic bomb, Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, R E; Ishida, Kenzo

1964-02-01

The present study demonstrates an increased prevalence of Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma and multiple myeloma in survivors within 1400 m from the hypocenter in Hiroshima who had surgical or post-mortem examinations at ABCC. Reticulum cell sarcoma appears to have decreased prevalence in this same group. The pathologic material demonstrating these relationships consists of 91 cases of unequivocal malignant lymphoma and is drawn from two essentially independent ABCC sources, the autopsy series and diagnostic lymph node biopsies. A consideration of the epidemiologic characteristics of this material supports the view that the increase in prevalence is a reflection of the occurrence of lymphoma in the general population of survivors within 1400 m of the hypocenter. In addition, among such persons autopsied at ABCC there appears to be a shift to death at an earlier age than is found in the other comparison groups. The possible implications of this are discussed. A comparison of the lymphomas examined shows no morphologic differences in the corresponding diagnostic categories between the various comparison groups. 21 references, 3 figures, 3 tables.

Hyperparathyroidism among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima, 1986-88

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujiwara, Saeko; Ezaki, Haruo; Sposto, R.; Akiba, Suminori; Neriishi, Kazuo; Kodama, Kazunori; Hosoda, Yutaka; Shimaoka, Katsutaro; Yoshimitsu, Kengo.

1990-10-01

During the two-year period from August 1986 to July 1988, the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) was determined among A-bomb survivors and unexposed control subjects in Hiroshima. The diagnosis of HPT was determined biochemically, based upon the presence of consistent hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels. Among a population of 4,675 individuals (1,527 males, 3,148 females), primary HPT was diagnosed in 22 (3 males, 19 females). Of these, 8 underwent surgery, of whom 6 had a single parathyroid adenoma and 2 had parathyroid hyperplasia. HPT was more prevalent among the A-bomb survivors who received higher radiation doses (p <.001 for linear trend). The prevalence rates predicted from the model were 0.204% (±0.094%) at 0 Gy and 0.893% (±0.237%) at 1 Gy. The background rate of HPT did not differ significantly by sex or by age at the time of the bombing, although the effect of radiation exposure was greater for individuals exposed at a younger age (p <.01). (author)

Genetic radiation effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srsen, S.

1984-01-01

A group of researchers examined persons who had survived the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs and were irradiated and their progeny with the aim of getting an idea of the genetic effects of these explosions. Teratogenic effects are not discussed. In the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of persons who had been exposed to high dose irradiation the researchers found a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations by conventional and more recent methods of chromosomal analysis. In parents who had survived the atomic holocaust there were no significant deviations as against the rest of the population in still births, neonatal defects, infant mortality, and mortality of first generation progeny, in neonate weight, the sex ratio, increased occurence of leukosis and chromosomal aberrations in their children. These negative findings in the first generation do not signify that there is no danger from atomic bomb blasts for human kind. They only indicate that the effects of radiation were to small to be found by routine methods or that the methods used were not suitable

Genetic radiation effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Srsen, S. (Komenskeho Univ., Bratislava (Czechoslovakia). Lekarska Fakulta)

1984-05-01

A group of researchers examined persons who had survived the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs and were irradiated and their progeny with the aim of getting an idea of the genetic effects of these explosions. Teratogenic effects are not discussed. In the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of persons who had been exposed to high dose irradiation the researchers found a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations by conventional and more recent methods of chromosomal analysis. In parents who had survived the atomic holocaust there were no significant deviations as against the rest of the population in still births, neonatal defects, infant mortality, and mortality of first generation progeny, in neonate weight, the sex ratio, increased occurence of leukosis and chromosomal aberrations in their children. These negative findings in the first generation do not signify that there is no danger from atomic bomb blasts for human kind. They only indicate that the effects of radiation were too small to be found by routine methods or that the methods used were not suitable.

Late radiation responses in man: Current evaluation from results from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Science.gov (United States)

Schull, William J.

Among the late effects of exposure to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, none looms larger than radiation related malignancies. Indeed, the late effects of A-bomb radiation on mortality appear to be limited to an increase in malignant tumors. At present, it can be shown that cancers of the breast, colon, esophagus, lungs, stomach, thyroid, and urinary tract as well as leukemia and multiple myeloma increase in frequency with an increase in exposure. No significant relationship to radiation can as yet be established for malignant lymphoma, nor cancers of the rectum, pancreas or uterus. Radiation induced malignancies other than leukemia seem to develop proportionally to the natural cancer rate for the attained age. For specific age-at-death intervals, both relative and absolute risks tend to be higher for those of younger age at the time of bombing. Other late effects include radiation-related lenticular opacities, disturbances of growth among those survivors still growing at the time of exposure, and mental retardation and small head sizes among the in utero exposed. Chromosomal abnormalities too are more frequently encountered in the peripheral leucocytes of survivors, and this increase is functionally related to their exposure. Some uncertainty continues to surround both the quantity and quality of the radiation released by these two nuclear devices, particularly the Hiroshima bomb. A recent reassessment suggests that the gamma radiation estimates which have been used in the past may be too low at some distances and the neutron radiation estimates too high at all distances; moreover, the energies of the neutrons released now appear ``softer'' than previously conjectured. These uncertainties not sufficiently large, however, to compromise the reality of the increased frequency of malignancy, but make estimates of the dose response, particularly in terms of gamma and neutron exposures, tentative.

As bombas atômicas podem dizimar a humanidade - Hiroshima e Nagasaki, há 70 anos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

OKUNO EMICO

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo rememora o que aconteceu há 70 anos após o lançamento pelos americanos das bombas atômicas Little Boy e Fat Man, respectivamente, nas cidades japonesas de Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Discorre suscintamente sobre energia nuclear e o Projeto Manhattan, que desenvolveu e produziu essas bombas e suas características. A destruição causada e os efeitos biológicos consequentes na população são também descritos.

PREFACE: International Conference on Quantum Simulators and Design, Hiroshima, Japan, 3 6 December 2006

Science.gov (United States)

Akai, Hisazumi; Oguchi, Tamio

2007-09-01

This special issue of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter comprises selected papers from the 1st International Conference on Quantum Simulators and Design (QSD2006) held in Hiroshima, Japan, 3-6 December 2006. This conference was organized under the auspices of the Development of New Quantum Simulators and Quantum Design Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), and Hiroshima University Quantum design is a computational approach to the development of new materials with specified properties and functionalities. The basic ingredient is the use of quantum simulations to design a material that meets a given specification of properties and functionalities. For this to be successful, the quantum simulation should be highly reliable and be applicable to systems of realistic size. A central interest is, therefore, the development of new methods of quantum simulation and quantum design. This includes methods beyond the local density approximation of density functional theory (LDA), order-N methods, methods dealing with excitations and reactions, and so on, as well as the application of these methods to the design of new materials and devices. The field of quantum design has developed rapidly in the past few years and this conference provides an international forum for experimental and theoretical researchers to exchange ideas. A total of 183 delegates from 8 countries participated in the conference. There were 18 invited talks, 16 oral presentations and 100 posters. There were many new ideas and we foresee dramatic progress in the coming years. The 2nd International Conference on Quantum Simulators and Design will be held in Tokyo, Japan, 31 May-3 June 2008.

Investigation of radiation effects in Hiroshima and Nagasaki using a general Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupling scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cramer, S.N.; Slater, C.O.

1990-01-01

A general adjoint Monte Carlo-forward discrete ordinates radiation transport calculational scheme has been created to study the effects of the radiation environment in Hiroshima and Nagasaki due to the bombing of these two cities. Various such studies for comparison with physical data have progressed since the end of World War II with advancements in computing machinery and computational methods. These efforts have intensified in the last several years with the U.S.-Japan joint reassessment of nuclear weapons dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Three principal areas of investigation are: (1) to determine by experiment and calculation the neutron and gamma-ray energy and angular spectra and total yield of the two weapons; (2) using these weapons descriptions as source terms, to compute radiation effects at several locations in the two cities for comparison with experimental data collected at various times after the bombings and thus validate the source terms; and (3) to compute radiation fields at the known locations of fatalities and surviving individuals at the time of the bombings and thus establish an absolute cause-and-effect relationship between the radiation received and the resulting injuries to these individuals and any of their descendants as indicated by their medical records. It is in connection with the second and third items, the determination of the radiation effects and the dose received by individuals, that the current study is concerned

Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Fenitrothion contamination for a river passing through an agricultural and urban area in Higashi Hiroshima City, Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaonga, Chikumbusko Chiziwa; Takeda, Kazuhiko; Sakugawa, Hiroshi

2015-06-15

A study was conducted on the pesticides Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Fenitrothion in Kurose River water, Higashi Hiroshima, Japan for a period of one year to assess the contribution of agriculture and urban activities on pesticide pollution of the river. Samples were analysed by a reverse phase HPLC system. The maximum pesticide concentrations were; 4620 ng/L, 50 ng/L and 370 ng/L for Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Fenitrothion, respectively. While Diuron and Fenitrothion were detected at all sites, Irgarol 1051 was only present at Izumi, a high density urban and industrial area which also registered the highest concentrations of the pesticides. The pattern showed by Diuron and Fenitrothion was linked to farming activities. Also, Diuron and Fenitrothion concentration correlated with pesticide utilization data for Hiroshima Prefecture. Irgarol 1051 showed a different pattern to that of Diuron and Fenitrothion and its source was attributed to paint. It was noted that 78% and 42% of water samples at Izumi sampling site exceeded the European Union (EU) guidelines for Diuron and Fenitrothion, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

NIH-ABCC pathology studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki provisional research plan. 1. Description and scope of program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zeldis, L J; Matsumoto, Y Scott

1961-04-18

A proposed program for the conduct of pathology studies within fixed cohorts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors is described. It is intended that the program may with appropriate modifications serve as a basis for collaborative efforts by community medical institutions and organizations together with ABCC-NIH in both cities. The report describes the scope of the program, together with epidemiologic aspects of the population base and methods of case procurement, and outlines proposed studies. 36 references, 4 figures, 8 tables.

Deep underground measurements of {sup 60}Co in steel exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb explosion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hult, Mikael E-mail: mikael.hult@cec.eu.int; Gasparro, J.Joeel; Vasselli, Roberto; Shizuma, Kiyoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu; Arnold, Dirk; Neumaier, Stefan

2004-09-01

When using gamma-ray spectrometry performed deep underground, it is possible to measure {sup 60}Co activities down to 0.1 mBq in steel samples of some 100 g without any pre-concentration. It is thus still possible to measure {sup 60}Co induced by neutrons from the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima in pieces of steel collected at distances up to about 1200 m slant range. The results of non-destructive measurements of eight steel samples are compared with the 1986 Dose Re-Evaluation (DS86) model calculations.

The report of joint research over 20 years of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Hiroshima Institute of Technology

OpenAIRE

Tanaka,Takeshi; Vutova,Katia

2014-01-01

The Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hiroshima Institute of Technology (EC-HIT) started the international joint research with the Laboratory “Physical Problems of Electron Beam technologies” of the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IE-BAS) from 1994. 20 papers, included a book chapter, were published by implementing the international joint research under 5 Agreements for Academic Cooperation and Exchange between HIT and IEBAS. Our international joint ...

Summary of the studies at ABCC-RERF concerning the late hematologic effects of atomic bomb exposure in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finch, S.C.; Finch, C.A.

1990-06-01

The most significant late hematologic effect of atomic bomb radiation exposure in the populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been the increased occurrence of leukemia. The radiation effect for leukemia has disappeared in Nagasaki but slightly elevated rates still exist in Hiroshima. Multiple myeloma also is radiation-related, but there is only a suggestive relationship for malignant lymphoma. No evidence exists of a late radiation effect for primary disturbances of hematopoiesis in the absence of malignant disease. Somatic hematopoietic markers of previous radiation exposure include lymphocyte chromosomal aberrations and an increased frequency of mutant T-lymphocytes deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. A radiation effect also has been observed for the frequency of mutant erythrocytes lacking expression of glycophorin-A protein on the membrane. There is no evidence for radiation-induced disturbance of granulocyte function, but age-related accelerated decline in the immunological functions of T lymphocytes and age-related alteration in the number of certain subsets of circulating T and B lymphocytes appears to be radiation-related. A number of radiation-related hematology research proposals which might be considered for the future are included in this report. (author) 92 refs

Scars remaining in atom bomb survivors: a four year follow-up study. The status of lenticular opacities caused by atomic radiation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1951-1953

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wells, W; Tsukifuji, Neal; Sinskey, R M

1959-01-01

Two studies on injuries suffered by survivors of the atomic explosions on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are described. Separate abstracts have been prepared for each paper for inclusion in the Energy Database. (DMC)

ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study, Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1958-1960: height-weight tables

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seigel, D

1962-11-14

From measurements taken in the Adult Health Study in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, tables of weight have been compiled. They are presented in the metric system, specific for height, sex, and age group. Five percentiles are presented as a guide for describing the distribution of weights. These values represent smoothing of the original data. This was accomplished by fitting second degree regression equations by least squares to the relationship of the logarithm of weight on height, separately for each age-sex group. This provided medians; other percentiles were obtained by adding or subtracting a term of the form KS, where K was taken from a table of normal deviates, and S was estimated from the data. The use and limitations of the tables were discussed. 10 tables.

A recalculation of the age dependent dose-effect-relationship of the life span study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kottbauer, M.M.; Fleck, C.M.; Schoellnberger, H.

1996-01-01

The basis of the presented model is the multistage process of carcinogenesis as a biological effect. It provides simultaneously the age-dependent mortality of spontaneous and radiation induced solid tumors and dose-effect relationships at any age after exposure. The model has been used to describe the solid cancer mortality rates of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has characteristics of both relative and absolute risk projections depending on the age of exposure. (author)

Mail survey on cardiovascular disease study, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, Hiroo; Johnson, K G; Yano, Kasuhiko

1966-07-21

A mail survey was conducted on 13,000 males in the JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study population aged 40 to 69 in January 1965. The information sought was largely related to what are considered to be risk factors in the development of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. The questionnaire included such items as residential history, occupation, physical activity, smoking, dietary custom, educational history, medical history, and family history. The final response rate was high (93%) after three mailings and supplemental field visits. As a preliminary analysis, the distribution of these variables was compared by city and exposure status. This analysis revealed that Hiroshima subjects were more educated, were more often managers, clerical workers, and sales workers, performed less physical activity, had more living space and ate a more Western type diet than Nagasaki subjects. It was also shown that the distribution of such variables as place of birth, present address, occupation, marital status, and education differed by the exposure status of subjects. Some methodological problems inherent in a mail survey such as completeness and reliability of obtained information were discussed. 15 references, 1 figure, 28 tables.

Rediscovery of an old article reporting that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation, indicating that exposure doses of A-bomb survivors were largely underestimated

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sutou, Shizuyo

2017-01-01

The A-bomb blast released a huge amount of energy: thermal radiation (35%), blast energy (50%), and nuclear radiation (15%). Of the 15%, 5% was initial radiation released within 30 s and 10% was residual radiation, the majority of which was fallout. Exposure doses of hibakusha (A-bomb survivors) were estimated solely on the basis of the initial radiation. The effects of the residual radiation on hibakusha have been considered controversial; some groups assert that the residual radiation was negligible, but others refute that assertion. I recently discovered a six-decade-old article written in Japanese by a medical doctor, Gensaku Obo, from Hiroshima City. This article clearly indicates that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation. It reports that non-hibakusha who entered Hiroshima soon after the blast suffered from severe acute radiation sickness, including burns, external injuries, fever, diarrhea, skin bleeding, sore throat and loss of hair—as if they were real hibakusha. This means that (i) some of those who entered Hiroshima in the early days after the blast could be regarded as indirect hibakusha; (ii) ‘in-the-city-control’ people in the Life Span Study (LSS) must have been irradiated more or less from residual radiation and could not function properly as the negative control; (iii) exposure doses of hibakusha were largely underestimated; and (iv) cancer risk in the LSS was largely overestimated. Obo's article is very important to understand the health effects of A-bombs so that the essence of it is translated from Japanese to English with the permission of the publisher.

Mental retardation in children exposed in utero to the atomic bomb - Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wood, J W; Johnson, K G; Omori, Yoshiaki; Kawamoto, Sadahisa; Keehn, R J

1966-05-19

Subjects who were exposed in utero to the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, along with suitable controls, are examined annually at ABCC. Of the 1613 subjects in the study sample, 30 have gross mental retardation. Within 1500 m from the hypocenter the prevalence of mental retardation is 5 times as high as for the more distal subjects, and 6 to 15 weeks gestation was the most sensitive period. Even when subjects with possible explanations for their retardation are excluded the pattern of differences remains the same. All but two of the retarded subjects had a smaller than average head and for those who were within 1500 m this effect is accentuated. 17 references, 2 figures, 8 tables.

Effect on intelligence test score of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schull, W.J.; Otake, Masanori; Yoshimaru, Hiroshi.

1988-10-01

Analyses of intelligence test scores (Koga) at 10-11 years of age of individuals exposed prenatally to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki using estimates of the uterine absorbed dose based on the recently introduced system of dosimetry, the Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86), reveal the following: 1) there is no evidence of a radiation-related effect on intelligence among those individuals exposed within 0-7 weeks after fertilization or in the 26th or subsequent weeks; 2) for individuals exposed at 8-15 weeks after fertilization, and to a lesser extent those exposed at 16-25 weeks, the mean tests scores but not the variances are significantly heterogeneous among exposure categories; 3) the cumulative distribution of test scores suggests a progressive shift downwards in individual scores with increasing exposure; and 4) within the group most sensitive to the occurrence of clinically recognizable severe mental retardation, individuals exposed 8 through 15 weeks after fertilization, the regression of intelligence score on estimated DS86 uterine absorbed dose is more linear than with T65DR fetal dose, the diminution in intelligence score under the linear model is 21-29 points at 1Gy. The effect is somewhat greater when the controls receiving less than 0.01 Gy are excluded, 24-33 points at 1 Gy. These findings are discussed in the light of the earlier analysis of the frequency of occurrence of mental retardation among the prenatally exposed survivors of the A-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is suggested that both are the consequences of the same underlying biological process or processes. (author)

Education for hydraulics and pnuematics in Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University; Hiroshima shiritsudaigaku ni okeru yukuatsu kyoiku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sano, M. [Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima (Japan)

2000-03-15

Described herein is education of hydraulics and pneumatics in Hiroshima City University. Department of Computer Science is responsible for the education, covering a wide educational range from basics of information processing methodology to application of mathematical procedures. This university provides no subject directly related to hydraulics and pneumatics, which, however, can be studied by the courses of control engineering or modern control theories. These themes are taken up for graduation theses for bachelors and masters; 2 for dynamic characteristics of pneumatic cylinders, and one for pneumatic circuit simulation. Images of the terms hydraulics and pneumatics are outdated for students of information-related departments. Hydraulics and pneumatics are being forced to rapidly change, like other branches of science, and it may be time to make a drastic change from hardware to software, because their developments have been excessively oriented to hardware. It is needless to say that they are based on hardware, but it may be worthy of drastically changing these branches of science by establishing virtual fluid power systems. It is also proposed to introduce the modern multi-media techniques into the education of hydraulics and pneumatics. (NEDO)

Smoking and serum proteins in atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stram, D.O.; Akiba, Suminori; Neriishi, Kazuo; Hosoda, Yutaka; Stevens, R.G.

1989-09-01

Associations of smoking habit with serum levels of total protein as well as protein fractions were studied in a population consisting of 4,739 atomic bomb survivors and unexposed control subjects in Hiroshima who participated in the 1979-81 period of the Adult Health Study, an on-going health follow-up program of the RERF. Smoking was strongly related to serum protein concentration after correction for age, sex, and body mass index. Among current smokers as compared to nonsmokers, levels of total protein, β globulin, and γ globulin were significantly lower (p 1 and α 2 globulin were significantly higher (p 1 globulin. Duration of smoking (years) was related to increased α 1 and α 2 globulin. Smoking duration was also associated with albumin level but the trend was not monotonic. The radiation exposure effect on serum protein level was significant in several instances but was in general much smaller than the smoking effect. Its inclusion in the regression models did not noticeably affect the association between smoking and serum proteins. (author)

Immunohistochemical analysis of colorectal cancer among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Masami; Yamamoto, Tetsuro; Hata, Jotaro; Nakagawa, Hitoshi; Nakatsuka, Hirofumi; Tahara, Eiichi.

1987-01-01

In order to elucidate the biological characteristics of colorectal cancer among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima, a total of 159 cases of colorectal cancers comprising 73 cases in exposed atomic bomb survivors and 86 cases in non-exposed individuals were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for various functioning proteins. No statistical differences could be demonstrated in the incidence of various marker expressions of colorectal cancers between the exposed group and control group. However, comparison by the site of colorectal cancer showed that sigmoid colon cancers in the exposed group or high dose group showed a significantly higher frequency of glycoproteins such as α 1 -antichymotrypsin (ACT), secretory component (SC), α 1 -antitrypsin (AAT), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) when compared with the control group. These results correlated well with the epidemiological data that the radiation effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer in atomic bomb survivors was most remarkable in the sigmoid colon. (author)

A review of 40 years studies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itsuzo Shigematsu

1993-01-01

The late health effects of ionizing radiation have been studied by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) based on a fixed population of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki which had been established in 1950. The results thus far obtained up to the present can be classified into the following three categories: (1) The effects for which a strong association with atomic bomb radiation has been found include malignant neoplasms, cataracts, chromosomal aberrations, small head size and mental retardation among the in utero exposed. (2) A weak association has been found in the several sites of cancers, some non-cancer mortalities and immunological abnormalities. (3) No association has been observed in some types of leukemia, osteosarcoma, accelerated aging, sterility and hereditary effects

Swarm slide - debris flow disaster induced by extreme rainfall in Hiroshima, August 2014 and lessons learnt in urban designing

Science.gov (United States)

Fukuoka, H.; Wang, C.

2015-12-01

Hiroshima city was hit by swarm debris flows along a narrow, and linear-shaped rain band of 2 km x 10 km which appeared in the early morning of August 20, 2014. Most of the flows were induced by shallow slide in the upstream. This disaster claimed 74 death, although this city experienced very similar disaster in 1999, claiming more than 30 residents lives. In the most severely affected debris flow torrent, more than 50 residents were killed. Most of the casualties arose in the wooden, vulnerable houses constructed in front of the exit of torrents. Points and lessons learnt from the disaster are as follows:1. Authors collected two types of sands from the source scar of the initial debris slides which induced debris flows. Tested by the ring shear apparatus under pore-pressure control condition, clear "Sliding surface liquefaction" was confirmed for both samples even under small normal stress, representing the small thickness of the slides. These results shows even instant excess pore pressure could initiate the slides and trigger slide-induced debris flow byundrained loading onto the torrent deposits.2. Apparently long-term land-use change since 1945 affected and raised the vulnerability of the community. Residential area had expanded into hill-slope (mountainous / semi-mountainous area) especially along the torrents. Those communities were developed on the past debris flow fan.3. As the devastated area is very close to downtown of Hiroshima city, it gave large societal impact to the Japanese citizens. After 1999 Hiroshima debris flow disaster, the Landslide disaster reduction law which intends to promote designation of landslide potential risk zones, was adopted in 2000. Immediately after 2014 disaster, national diet approved revision of the bill to promote rapid completion of the designation over the national territory. MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Tranportation and Tourism) decided to install X-band rain radars at more sites to cover whole city zones

Rediscovery of an old article reporting that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation, indicating that exposure doses of A-bomb survivors were largely underestimated.

Science.gov (United States)

Sutou, Shizuyo

2017-09-01

The A-bomb blast released a huge amount of energy: thermal radiation (35%), blast energy (50%), and nuclear radiation (15%). Of the 15%, 5% was initial radiation released within 30 s and 10% was residual radiation, the majority of which was fallout. Exposure doses of hibakusha (A-bomb survivors) were estimated solely on the basis of the initial radiation. The effects of the residual radiation on hibakusha have been considered controversial; some groups assert that the residual radiation was negligible, but others refute that assertion. I recently discovered a six-decade-old article written in Japanese by a medical doctor, Gensaku Obo, from Hiroshima City. This article clearly indicates that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation. It reports that non-hibakusha who entered Hiroshima soon after the blast suffered from severe acute radiation sickness, including burns, external injuries, fever, diarrhea, skin bleeding, sore throat and loss of hair-as if they were real hibakusha. This means that (i) some of those who entered Hiroshima in the early days after the blast could be regarded as indirect hibakusha; (ii) 'in-the-city-control' people in the Life Span Study (LSS) must have been irradiated more or less from residual radiation and could not function properly as the negative control; (iii) exposure doses of hibakusha were largely underestimated; and (iv) cancer risk in the LSS was largely overestimated. Obo's article is very important to understand the health effects of A-bombs so that the essence of it is translated from Japanese to English with the permission of the publisher. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japan Radiation Research Society and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology.

Leukemia in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyssel, R; Brill, A B; Woodbury, L A; Nishimura, Edwin T; Ghose, Tarunendu; Hoshino, Takashi; Yamasaki, Mitsuru

1959-03-01

This report is intended to provide the basic data pertinent to the leukemia experience observed in the survivors of the Hiroshima atomic explosion. Many of the conclusions in this report are tentative. The one clear fact to emerge is that radiation increases the occurrence rate of leukemia and that the magnitude of increase is dependent on dose received. Additional observations can be made, which, while not definitive in themselves, seem to complement each other, and are corroborated by other experiences in radiation biology. From the data a linear relationship between dose and incidence of leukemia is found. The shape of the relation in the lower dose range is not known with certainty. An approximate minimum time for the appearance of leukemia following radiation is 3 years or less. The data suggest that the time of maximum risk of leukemia may be dependent on the dose of radiation received. In this group the mean latent period is found to lie in the interval between 4 and 8 years following exposure. The length of time during which the increased incidence of leukemia persists is not known. The incidence of the acute leukemias and of chronic granulocytic leukemia is increased in the exposed survivors. The chronic granulocytic variety is disproportionately increased in Japanese survivors of the atomic bomb. No effect of radiation on monocytic or chronic lymphatic leukemia incidence is noted. Aplastic anemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis have been investigated. Myelofibrosis is the only one of this group of diseases in which a suggestive relation to radiation exposure is apparent. The natural history of leukemia following radiation does not seem to differ from that of the spontaneously occurring variety. 17 references, 5 figures, 38 tables.

Aging in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors: soluble--insoluble collagen ratio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, R E; Yamamoto, T; Thorslund, T W

1973-01-01

The soluble--insoluble collagen ratio was determined in aortas removed at autopsy during the period 1966--70 (21--25 years post-exposure); 261 specimens were examined from persons of both sexes, age 30--89 years at death. A portion of the test samples were from persons located less than 1500 m from the hypocenter at the time of the bomb. The ratio in this group was not significantly different from persons who were not in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the time of the explosions. However, a possible discrepancy was noted between the two exposure groups involving both males and females who were less than 60 years of age at the time of death with lower average values among the exposed groups. This observation is interpreted and related to the pronounced life-shortening effect of radiation when animals are exposed at a young age. (DLC)

Radiation exposure and disease questionnaires of early entrants after the Hiroshima bombing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imanaka, T.; Endo, S.; Kawano, N.; Tanaka, K.

2012-01-01

It is popularly known that people who entered into the ground-zero area shortly after the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from various syndromes similar to acute radiation effects. External exposures from neutron-induced radionuclides in soil have recently been reassessed based on DS02 calculations as functions of both distance from the hypo-centres and elapsed time after the explosions. Significant exposure due to induced radiation can be determined for those who entered the area within 1000 m from the hypo-centres shortly after the bombing. Although it was impossible to track the action of each of the survivors over the days or weeks following the bombings in order to make reliable dose estimates for their exposures to soil activation or fallout, four individuals among those early entrants were investigated here to describe useful information of what happened shortly after the bombing. (authors)

Bone marrow cytology in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors 5 years following exposure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oesterle, S.N.; Finch, S.C.

1978-11-01

Bone marrow aspiration smears obtained from 35 individuals, 5 years following exposure to the Hiroshima atomic bomb, were intensively evaluated for radiation related cytologic abnormalities. No definite radiation related changes were observed, but some findings were very suggestive. The most interesting of these was the occurrence of internuclear bridges joining erythroid precursors in the marrow smears of seven (20%) of the heavily exposed survivors. Although not specific it is likely that this lesion is indicative of residual stem cell damage and some degree of ineffectual erythropoiesis. The bone marrow morphologic lesions may be good markers of residual radiation damage but they are too infrequent in their occurrence to be of value as a biologic dosimeter. The findings in this study also suggest that a gradual disappearance of radiation induced late bone marrow changes continues for periods of 3 to 5 years or more following high dose acute radiation exposure. (author)

ABCC-JNIH adult health study: Hiroshima. Serum lysozyme determinations, April-June 1961

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finch, S C; Lamphere, J P; Jablon, S

1961-01-01

Serum lysozyme levels were determined on 670 consecutive subjects seen for regularly scheduled clinic examinations of the Adult Health Study in Hiroshima. Serum lysozyme levels were found to vary significantly with the absolute peripheral granulocyte count, age, sex, and month of study. A high level of correlation also was noted between serum lysozyme and diabetes mellitus. This was at least in part attributable to greater average age in patients with diabetes. A suggestive relationship was established between serum lysozyme levels, respiratory diseases, and tuberculosis. These changes are believed to reflect active inflammation with excessive destruction of granulocytes and parenchymal tissues in those patients with the more acute processes. No relationship was found between serum lysozyme and previous exposure to ionizing radiation. These studies indicate that the serum lysozyme level may be useful in the study of the kinetics of leukopoiesis, the aging process, and in the detection of subtle inflammatory processes.

Radiation therapy among A-bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Russell, W J; Antoku, S

1971-01-01

The hospitals and clinics responsible for radiation therapy reported by ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study subjects were surveyed to confirm treatment and estimate doses they received. Of 426 cases, 137 were documented by hospital records. Their ABCC medical records were also reviewed for pertinent clinical information. Excluding the cases not verified because of unavailability of records, confirmation rates were 0.46 in Hiroshima and 0.67 in Nagasaki. Radiation therapy doses according to date of treatment, diagnosis, body site, and source of exposure are included. These data are recorded routinely for future reference, along with doses from diagnostic roentgenology for evaluating overall ionizing radiation exposure of A-bomb survivors and their comparison subjects. Radiation therapy by source and by lesion treated is included. There were three cases with malignancies possibly related to their earlier radiation therapy. One was an A-bomb survivor with lung cancer previously reported as due to ionizing radiation from the A-bomb. Radiation therapy she received for breast cancer 11 years earlier was more likely the cause of the lung lesion than was her relatively small A-bomb dose. The importance of recording all diagnostic and therapeutic radiation, especially that received by those under continuing surveillance for late A-bomb effects, is stressed. (auth)

Measurement of radon concentration in water by means of {alpha}, {gamma} spectrometry. Radon concentration in ground and spring water in Hiroshima Prefecture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shizuma, Kiyoshi [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan)

1997-02-01

Radon ({sup 222}Rn, T{sub 1/2}=3.8235{+-}0.0003d) is {alpha}-ray releasing nuclide, so that it can not be detected by {gamma}-ray measurement. But, the daughter nuclides {sup 214}Pb (T{sub 1/2}=26.8 min) and {sup 214}Bi (T{sub 1/2}=19.9 min) release {gamma}-ray, accordingly they are measured by Ge detector. Their radioactive equilibrium is kept in the closed vessel, because their half-lives are shorter than that of radon. We developed a measurement method of radon concentration by means of {gamma}-spectrometry. We applied this method to catch radon in the atmosphere by active carbon. The same principle can be applied to radon in water. Radon concentrations in the ground water were measured in 22 points in the Higashi-Hiroshima city and 82 points in the Hiroshima prefecture. The efficiencies of {gamma}-ray were determined. The radon concentration showed between 11 and 459 Bq/l and the average was 123 Bq/l. The high concentration of radon was distributed in the spring of granitic layer and higher concentration of radon were observed in the ground water of fault. (S.Y.)

ABCC-JNIH adult health study Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1961 exposure to medical x-ray. Preliminary survey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishimaru, Toranosuke; Russell, W J

1962-05-16

A survey was conducted for three months among subjects seen in the medical clinics of ABCC, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to determine the extent of medical x-ray received in ABCC and other hospitals and clinics. Emphasis was chiefly methodological to prepare for later studies designed to evaluate the contribution of medical x-ray to total radiation dose received by survivors of the atomic bombings and controls. The frequency, the institution in which the subject received x-ray, as well as the types of exposure were the prime considerations in the survey. The data were analyzed for each city by sex, age, and exposure status. 2 references, 5 figures, 11 tables.

Further observations on sex ratio among infants born to survivors of the atomic bombs, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schull, W J; Neel, J V; Hashizume, Asaji

1965-11-18

Data are presented on the sex ratio of 47,624 children born in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during 1956 to 1962. The total number of births in these two cities for which information is available is now 140,542, and of this number in 73,994 instances one or both parents were exposed to the atomic bombs. The suggestion of an effect of exposure on sex ratio in the earlier data is not borne out by the present findings. One can argue either that a small early effect has disappeared or that the original observation had no biological significance. 27 references, 4 tables.

Investigation on circular asymmetry of geographical distribution in cancer mortality of Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors based on risk maps: analysis of spatial survival data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tonda, Tetsuji; Satoh, Kenichi; Otani, Keiko; Ohtaki, Megu [Hiroshima University, Department of Environmetrics and Biometrics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Japan); Sato, Yuya [Hiroshima University, Division of Radiation Information Registry, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Japan); Maruyama, Hirofumi; Kawakami, Hideshi [Hiroshima University, Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Japan); Tashiro, Satoshi [Hiroshima University, Division of Radiation Information Registry, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Japan); Hiroshima University, Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Japan); Hoshi, Masaharu [Hiroshima University, Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Japan)

2012-05-15

While there is a considerable number of studies on the relationship between the risk of disease or death and direct exposure from the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the risk for indirect exposure caused by residual radioactivity has not yet been fully evaluated. One of the reasons is that risk assessments have utilized estimated radiation doses, but that it is difficult to estimate indirect exposure. To evaluate risks for other causes, including indirect radiation exposure, as well as direct exposure, a statistical method is described here that evaluates risk with respect to individual location at the time of atomic bomb exposure instead of radiation dose. In addition, it is also considered to split the risks into separate risks due to direct exposure and other causes using radiation dose. The proposed method is applied to a cohort study of Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors. The resultant contour map suggests that the region west to the hypocenter has a higher risk compared to other areas. This in turn suggests that there exists an impact on risk that cannot be explained by direct exposure. (orig.)

Investigation on circular asymmetry of geographical distribution in cancer mortality of Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors based on risk maps: analysis of spatial survival data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tonda, Tetsuji; Satoh, Kenichi; Otani, Keiko; Ohtaki, Megu; Sato, Yuya; Maruyama, Hirofumi; Kawakami, Hideshi; Tashiro, Satoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu

2012-01-01

While there is a considerable number of studies on the relationship between the risk of disease or death and direct exposure from the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the risk for indirect exposure caused by residual radioactivity has not yet been fully evaluated. One of the reasons is that risk assessments have utilized estimated radiation doses, but that it is difficult to estimate indirect exposure. To evaluate risks for other causes, including indirect radiation exposure, as well as direct exposure, a statistical method is described here that evaluates risk with respect to individual location at the time of atomic bomb exposure instead of radiation dose. In addition, it is also considered to split the risks into separate risks due to direct exposure and other causes using radiation dose. The proposed method is applied to a cohort study of Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors. The resultant contour map suggests that the region west to the hypocenter has a higher risk compared to other areas. This in turn suggests that there exists an impact on risk that cannot be explained by direct exposure. (orig.)

Action taken by three humans, an American physicist in the bomber, two Japanese with radiation poisoning in Hiroshima and Nagasaki when the atomic bombs were exploded

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukui, Shuji

2007-01-01

Luis W. Alvarez of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), University of California, USA, won the Nobel Prize for physics of elementary particle in 1968. He was very famous physicist and concerned the World War II in some ways. He joined the radar research development at MIT Radiation Lab. in 1940, then he developed the magnetron and the ground-controlled approach (GCA) for blind landing of planes. Afterwards he joined the Manhattan Project to fabricate the atomic bombs. His career connecting to those is introduced partly based on his autobiography. In addition, introduced are two reports by two Japanese, the personal experience of Yoko Ota with radiation poisoning in Hiroshima, and the action of Takashi Nagai who assisted the victims of radiation poisoning in Nagasaki even if he had radiation poisoning himself, as well as a letter from Luis W. Alvarez to Ryokichi Sagane, which was put in the tube of atomic bomb energy measuring instruments. Nightmares of the Hiroshima view are also introduced. (S.Y.)

Primary intracranial tumors among atomic bomb survivors and controls, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1961-75

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seyama, Shinichi; Ishimaru, Toranosuke; Iijima, Soichi; Mori, Kazuo.

1980-02-01

An analysis was made of the relationship of radiation dose to the occurrence of primary intracranial tumors among atomic bomb survivors and nonexposed controls, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in the fixed cohort of the Life Span Study (LSS) extended sample during the period 1961-75, or 16 to 30 years after the A-bombs. Based on various medical sources, 104 cases of primary intracranial tumors were identified among approximately 99,000 LSS extended sample members who were alive as of 1 January 1961. Of these 104 cases, 45 had manifested clinical signs of brain tumors, but, 59 cases were identified incidentally at postmortem examination. The distributions of morphologic type, age, and size of tumor were quite different for those primary intracranial tumors with and without a clinical sign of brain tumor. Glioma was the most frequent type of tumor with a clinical sign and meningioma was the most frequent type without. In relation to radiation dose the incidence rate of primary intracranial tumors with a clinical sign showed a significant excess risk for males in the high dose group who received 100 rad or more after adjustment for age at the time of the bomb (ATB). The standardized relative risk is around 5 in this group. The data also suggest that the crude relative risk of glioma is greater in the high dose group for younger ages ATB. However, there is no increased risk in females. Among the 5,012 autopsy subjects in the LSS extended sample during 1961-75, there is no relationship between radiation dose and the prevalence rate of primary intracranial tumors in those identified incidentally by autopsy. The relative risk of subclinical adenoma of the pituitary gland between high dose subjects and controls was also examined for a sample of 95 sex- and age-matched pairs using Hiroshima autopsy materials for 1961-74, but no relationship to dose was observed. (author)

The LD50 associated with exposure to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujita, Shoichiro; Kato, Hiroo; Schull, W.J.

1989-01-01

Data on a total of 7,593 persons in Hiroshima who were in 2,518 wooden Japanese houses and exposed to A-bomb within 1.6 km from the hypocenter have been used to estimate the LD 50/60 . The effect of radiation shielding for these people in particularly well-characterized in the new dosimetry system DS86. A range of values emerge, varying slightly with the method of estimation used. This range, derived from DS86 marrow doses, and based on a linear fit to equally weighted estimates of the probabilities of death at various doses, is 2.3-2.6 Gy. A linear estimate in which the probabilities of death at the various doses are weighted by the inverse of their variances is somewhat lower, 2.2 Gy. These values may be underestimates of actual LD 50/60 because of inclusion of deaths in the first day, and the severely injured (burns, trauma) who survived the first day but succumbed later to their injuries. (author)

Histological review of breast cancer in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tokuoka, Shoji; Asano, Masahide; Yamamoto, Tsutomu; Tokunaga, Masayoshi; Sakamoto, Goi; Hartmann, W.H.; Hutter, R.V.P.; Henson, D.E.

1983-09-01

A group of pathologists from the United States and Japan reviewed breast cancer material of women exposed to the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and controls. The purpose of the review was to verify the diagnoses, establish a base of confirmed cases for epidemiologic study, and provide a reference for other pathology review. Compared to the control group, matched through the Life Span Study extended sample, there were no differences in distribution of tumor type and tumor size. There were also no differences in histological type by age or radiation dose. The peak age for cancer to develop was the same in the exposed and control groups. The type of radiation had no effect on histological type. Atypical changes or residual proliferative lesions were not found in women exposed to radiation but free from cancer. On the basis of this study, it was concluded that radiogenic breast cancer does not differ histologically from spontaneously occurring cancer in Japanese women. (author)

Atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at the campus University of Hiroshima, Japan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonia Naomi Nomi

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Ambient levels of formaldehyde (HCHO and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO were measured at Hiroshima (Japan during spring and summer of 2005. Measurements of O3, NOx, and SO2 were simultaneously conducted, in an attempt to identify temporal profiles and sources for these aldehydes. Atmospheric aldehydes were collected using C18 silica gel cartridges coated with an acidic solution of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detection adjusted to 360 nm. Summer concentrations were higher than spring levels. FA concentrations during spring period ranged from 0.50 to 1.05 ppb and AA concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 1.31 ppb; during summer their concentrations ranged from 1.55 to 4.12 ppb and 0. 34 to 2.03 ppb. Average FA/AA in spring and summer were 3.09 and 3.72 suggesting biogenic emissions of aldehydes. The levels of FA and AA, their temporal variations, and their concentration ratio (FA/AA indicated that photochemical reactions contributed significantly to the formation of atmospheric aldehydes at the study site.

Photography and nuclear catastrophe. The visual representation of the occurrences in Hiroshima/Nagasaki and Chernobyl; Fotografie und atomare Katastrophe. Die visuelle Repraesentation der Ereignisse von Hiroshima/Nagasaki und Tschernobyl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buerkner, Daniel

2014-02-13

The dissertation project seeks to analyse the photographic positions that deal with the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the accident of the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl. This focus includes press photographs of the events as well as artistic, documentary and touristic images that take an approach towards the disasters often years after and hereby form iconographic or material references to the events. The study reveals central strategies for photographic images of atomic catastrophes, be they of military or civil nature. It is the inability to visualize non-visible nuclear rays or the complexity of processes on an atomic level that has turned out to be crucial. This incapacity of making images, a paradigm of invisibility, substantially coins the cultural role of the events. The question of how a society deals with these abstract potentials of nuclear technology has turned out to be always anew of high relevance in regard to ecological, social and technological policies of images.

Hospital and clinic survey estimates of medical X-ray exposure in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antoku, Shigetoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu; Sawada, Shozo; Russell, W.J.

1987-07-01

The technical factors used during radiological examinations performed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki medical institutions were analyzed. The most frequently performed examination was chest radiography, followed by upper GI series. More than half the radiographic exposures were from upper GI series due to the many spot films made during fluoroscopy. Comparison of the present survey results with those of a previous one showed that relatively high kVp, low mAs and mA, and smaller field sizes are now more widely used. Though there have been decreased in fluoroscopy times and tube currents over the past 10 years, the numbers of spot films used have increased. Based on these technical factors, tables of organ doses from fluoroscopic examinations were compiled. (author)

Epidemiology of urinary tract infections in Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, L R; Phair, J P; Seki, Masafumi; Hamilton, H B; Nefzger, M D

1964-08-19

The present study was conducted at ABCC on a sample of Hiroshima residents systematically seleced for determining the influence on general health status of exposure to the atomic bomb of 1945. A survey for urinary infections was taken on persons in the sample examined in the ABCC clinic over a 1-year period: approximately 3000 women and 2000 men. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of urinary infection and to study the relation between bacteriuria and various aspects of the general examination, particularly blood pressure. In addition, the rates of urinary tract infection in the clinic were compared with the rates of chronic pyelonephritis at autopsy. Results showed that infections were much more common in women than in men and rose with age in both sexes. The greatest increase in the prevalence was found in women age 60 years and over was due to coliform bacteria in all but a few instances. There was no difference in hematuria, glycosuria, diabetes, serum cholesterol, blood groups, electrocardiograms, audiometry, vibrometry, hemoglobin levels or height-weight ratios. Blood pressure is higher in infected women as compared with noninfected women and the finding of higher rates for cardiac enlargement suggests that this small difference in blood pressures may have biological significance. However, the data do not permit a conclusion as to whether the urinary infections were responsible for the higher blood pressure levels, or whether the higher blood pressure levels increased the frequency of detectable infection. The difference between the clinical rates of urinary infection in men and women, and the pathological diagnosis of pyelonephritis in the same population, supports a previous suggestion that much of what is called pyelonephritis at autopsy is not due to urinary tract infection. 27 references, 2 figures, 10 tables.

ABCC-JNIH pathology studies: Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Report 1, October 1950-September 1962

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Angevine, D M; Jablon, S; Matsumoto, Y S

1962-01-01

A sample of 100,000 persons in both Hiroshima and Nagasaki was constructed to serve as the basis for the JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study. A subsample of 20,000 is the basis for the ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study. The third element, the pathology program was instituted to endow the autopsy program with the high degree of statistical control characterizing the Life Span and Adult Health studies. A study of the autopsy series (1215 cases) was made to: (1) determine how adequately the more recent cases meet the expectations with respect to age, sex, city, and distance from the hypocenter, and to determine whether any of the original bias still exists and if so, to what extent; (2) ascertain the degree of correlation between death certificate diagnoses and the autopsy anatomic diagnoses; and (3) determine what effect, if any, the degree of exposure to radiation may have had upon different disease groups, with special emphasis on various maligmant tumors. (ACR)

Mathematical phantoms for use in dose estimation of survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maruyama, Takashi

1990-01-01

The T65D (Tentative 1965 Dose) was recently revised on the basis of new scientific evidences which were available in accordance with the development of computer techniques and the accumulation of nuclear data. For the dose determinations of survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, DS86 (Dosimetric System 1986) is a complete replacement of T65D for the Life Span Study (LSS) in RERF (Radiation Effects Research Foundation). In the DS86, depending on the input data for a survivor, various elements of several data bases are combined to provide the dosimetric variables requested by the user. The quantity finally desired for the LSS is absorbed dose in each organ. The calculation of quantities for converting incident fluence to absorbed dose in the target organ was carried out using Monte Carlo methods. For this calculation, mathematical phantoms were required. This paper describes the background data used for the construction of Japanese survivor phantoms and summarizes the mathematical phantoms employed in the DS86. (author)

Autopsy studies of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1954-1974)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asano, Masahide; Norman, J.E. Jr.; Kato, Hiroo; Yagawa, Kanichi.

1978-01-01

The authors examined 155 autopsy cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the Life Span Study sample including both A-bomb survivors and controls in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1954 to 1974). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was classified into lymphoid, diffuse and fibrous types and the following results were obtained. No difference existed in the effects of A-bomb radiation in the incidence and ATB (At the time of the A-bomb). The ration of males to females did not reveal statistical significance, even though reversed ratio was noted in the high dose group. The variation of thyroid gland weight in T65 dose or by variant showed no significant pattern, even though the smallest average weight was found in the highest radiation exposure group. The complication in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were noted to have high prevalance of ovarian cancer and low prevalence of stomach cancer and total cancer. Only two patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were found to be complicated with thyroid carcinoma. Among collagen diseases, the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis was high as complication. And the prevance of combined diseases suggested that no late effect of A-bomb radiation existed. (author)

Socio-medical tendency of long-lived exposure in Hiroshima Survivors Home. I

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Shimizu, K [Atomic Bomb Survivors Relief Organization, Hiroshima (Japan)

1976-03-01

The author is continuing to observe socio-medically long-lived survivors over 90 years of age who are in the Hiroshima Survivors' Home, and this is the first report on them. In spite of a fairly large number of survivors of short-distance exposure, unexpectedly few showed a high dose. There were few medical findings suggestive of the effect of exposure. Although chronic diseases due to aging were observed prominently, no basis suggestive of the promotion of aging due to exposure was obtained. In view of social environments, born in rural districts, many of them tended to be rather unyielding and have endured low-income life, and their body had been hardened by physical labor. Most of them had rather mild somatic disturbances, and unexpectedly few needed complete help or diapers. Very few were judged to be DE by the ADL table. Of the total number of deaths (77) in 5 years, only 5 were above 90 years of age, and the cause was heart disease in 3 and senility in 2.

Socio-medical tendency of long-lived exposure in Hiroshima Survivors Home, 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimizu, Kiyoshi

1976-01-01

The author is continuing to observe socio-medically long-lived survivors over 90 years of age who are in the Hiroshima Survivors' Home, and this is the first report on them. In spite of a fairly large number of survivors of short-distance exposure, unexpectedly few showed a high dose. There were few medical findings suggestive of the effect of exposure. Although chronic diseases due to aging were observed prominently, no basis suggestive of the promotion of aging due to exposure was obtained. In view of social environments, born in rural districts, many of them tended to be rather unyielding and have endured low-income life, and their body had been hardened by physical labor. Most of them had rather mild somatic disturbances, and unexpectedly few needed complete help or diapers. Very few were judged to be DE by the ADL table. Of the total number of deaths (77) in 5 years, only 5 were above 90 years of age, and the cause was heart disease in 3 and senility in 2. (Chiba, N.)

Addressing Practical Issues Related Tto Nursing Care For International Visitors To Hiroshima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariko Nishikawa

2014-04-01

Full Text Available When nine million foreigners visited Japan in 2013, the federal government set a goal to attract an additional two and a half million visitors including medical tourists by 2020. This research investigates the attitudes and concerns of Japanese nurses when they are in a situation dealing with foreign patients. The data were collected from March through September 2010, from 114 nurses at three hospitals, in close proximity to popular tourist destinations in Hiroshima. A questionnaire was developed for this research, named Mari Meter, which included a section to write answers to an open question for the nurses to express their opinions. These responses were examined statistically and by word analysis using Text Mining Studio. Japanese nurses expressed greatest concern about payment options, foreign language skills, and issues of informed consent, when dealing with foreigners. The results confirm that, in order to provide a high quality of patient care, extra preparation and a greater knowledge of international workers and visitors are required by nursing professionals in Japan.

Correlations between tests of aging in Hiroshima subjects: an attempt to define physiologic age

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Hollingsworth, J W; Hashizume, Asaji; Jablon, Seymour

1964-12-01

Nine physiologic functions which change with age were measured in 437 subjects during their regular visits to the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission clinic in Hiroshima, Japan. This pilot study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of collecting such data in a population sample physiologic age score. Tests conducted consisted of: skin elasticity, systolic blood pressure, vital capacity, hand grip strength, light extinction time, vibrometer, visual activity, audiometry, and serum cholesterol. The study demonstrated that adequate sample data could be obtained, and that statistical treatment could construct a physiologic age for individual subjects. However, the tests were of limited value below age 40, and the validation of the concept of physiologic age requires eventual correlation with mortality. Since the ABCC program includes a highly accurate mortality survey, it is hoped that data on physiologic aging can be collected and eventually related to mortality. 11 references, 3 figures, 6 tables.

Exposure to Atomic Bomb Radiation and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Later Life: The Hiroshima-Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivor Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Itakura, Katsumasa; Takahashi, Ikuno; Nakashima, Eiji; Yanagi, Masahide; Kawasaki, Ryo; Neriishi, Kazuo; Wang, Jie Jin; Wong, Tien Yin; Hida, Ayumi; Ohishi, Waka; Kiuchi, Yoshiaki

2015-08-01

To investigate the association between radiation exposure from the atomic bombings and the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among older residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Adult Health Study is a cohort study of atomic bomb survivors living in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, comprising 2153 participants who underwent examinations with retinal fundus photographs in 2006-2008. The radiation dose to the eye for the analysis was estimated with the revised dosimetry system (DS02). The retinal photographs were graded according to the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System modified for nonstereoscopic retinal images. Early and late AMD were defined according to the type of lesion detected in the worse eye of the participants. Person-specific data were analyzed by using a logistic regression model to assess the association between radiation dose and AMD. Among the 1824 subjects with gradable retinal images (84.7% of the overall participants), the estimated eye dose was widely distributed, with a mean of 0.45 Gy and standard deviation of 0.74 Gy. The prevalence of early and late AMD was 10.5% and 0.3%, respectively. There were no significant associations between radiation dose and AMD, with each 1-Gy increase in exposure, adjusted odds ratio was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.15) for early AMD and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.21-2.94) for late AMD. No significant associations were found between atomic bomb irradiation early in life and the prevalence of early or late AMD later in life among Japanese atomic bomb survivors.

Mortality statistics among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture. 1968-1972

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Kurihara, M; Munaka, M; Hayakawa, N; Yamamoto, H; Ueoka, H; Ohtaki, M [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology

1981-12-01

In a comparative analysis of mortality among atomic bomb survivors versus the non-exposed, both resident in Hiroshima Prefecture, it was found that in addition to leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the thyroid gland, breast, lung, esophagus, stomach, urinary organs and salivary gland which have been reported from the past to be elevated in risk among atomic bomb survivors, cancers of the colon, larynx, accessory sinuses, uterus, ovary and testis, diseases of the blood, cirrhosis of liver, hypertensive disease and diabetes mellitus were elevated in risk, but the risk of cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis, senility, and accidents was lower than the non-exposed. The relationship of atomic bomb exposure to the relative risk of cancers of the lung, breast, uterus, and testis could be readily explained, but the relationship between atomic bomb exposure and the relative risk of cancers of many other sites, diseases of the blood, and other causes of death was inconsistent. One of the reasons why the risk of senility was low and the risk of diseases of the blood, malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disease was high is considered to be the higher diagnostic accuracy in atomic bomb survivors.

Electron spin resonance (ESR dose measurement in bone of Hiroshima A-bomb victim.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angela Kinoshita

Full Text Available Explosion of the bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki corresponds to the only historical moment when atomic bombs were used against civilians. This event triggered countless investigations into the effects and dosimetry of ionizing radiation. However, none of the investigations has used the victims' bones as dosimeter. Here, we assess samples of bones obtained from fatal victims of the explosion by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR. In 1973, one of the authors of the present study (SM traveled to Japan and conducted a preliminary experiment on the victims' bone samples. The idea was to use the paramagnetism induced in bone after irradiation to measure the radiation dose. Technological advances involved in the construction of spectrometers, better knowledge of the paramagnetic center, and improvement in signal processing techniques have allowed us to resume the investigation. We obtained a reconstructed dose of 9.46 ± 3.4 Gy from the jawbone, which was compatible with the dose distribution in different locations as measured in non-biological materials such as wall bricks and roof tiles.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) dose measurement in bone of Hiroshima A-bomb victim

Science.gov (United States)

2018-01-01

Explosion of the bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki corresponds to the only historical moment when atomic bombs were used against civilians. This event triggered countless investigations into the effects and dosimetry of ionizing radiation. However, none of the investigations has used the victims’ bones as dosimeter. Here, we assess samples of bones obtained from fatal victims of the explosion by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). In 1973, one of the authors of the present study (SM) traveled to Japan and conducted a preliminary experiment on the victims’ bone samples. The idea was to use the paramagnetism induced in bone after irradiation to measure the radiation dose. Technological advances involved in the construction of spectrometers, better knowledge of the paramagnetic center, and improvement in signal processing techniques have allowed us to resume the investigation. We obtained a reconstructed dose of 9.46 ± 3.4 Gy from the jawbone, which was compatible with the dose distribution in different locations as measured in non-biological materials such as wall bricks and roof tiles. PMID:29408890

Encounter with disaster: a medical diary of Hiroshima, 1945. Condensed from the original publication, 1965

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liebow, A.A.

1983-01-01

The effects of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are described. Immediately after the bombing, Japanese civilian and military authorities mobilized an intense effort to provide help to the damaged cities and their inhabitants. At the same time, research was undertaken by the Japanese in an attempt to determine the nature of the effects of the bombs on the population. Some weeks later, the American armed services and the Manhattan District also organized an investigation of these effects. This memoir describes the early days of the American research effort, its integration with the Japanese program, and the development of a Joint Commission to study the effects of the bombing. After the first rapid survey, described in this paper, the effort was reorganized and continued under the sponsorship of the National Research Councils of America and Japan as the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission

Serum pepsin levels Hiroshima adult health study. Relation to radiation, ABO blood groups, and gastrointestinal diseases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knittle, J L

1961-07-12

At the ABCC clinic in Hiroshima 1330 subjects were investigated as to serum pepsin levels over a four month period. The normal mean values compared well with those reported for a United States population using a similar technique. There appeared to be no significant change in serum pepsin level with age, and no difference could be detected among individuals of the ABO blood groups. No relationship was found between serum pepsin level and exposure to ionizing radiation. Patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers had mean levels which were higher than normal mean values, while patients with leukemia had lower than normal mean levels. Patients with gastric polyps and gastric cancer had normal mean values. It is believed that the relation of serum pepsin activity to cancer of the stomach is not settled and deserves further investigation. 23 references, 2 figures, 4 tables.

Combined Effect of an Atmospheric River and a Cut-off Low in Hiroshima Flooding Event on August 19, 2014

Science.gov (United States)

Takayabu, Y. N.; Hirota, N.; Kato, M.; Arakane, S.

2015-12-01

An extraordinary precipitation over 100 mmhr-1in Hiroshima on August 19, 2014, caused a flash flood which resulted in 74 fatalities and collapse of 330 houses. In order to examine the meteorological background of this flooding event, we carried out a detailed analysis utilizing rain gauge data, satellite precipitation dataset, and a meso scale and a global scale objective analyses provided from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Then, we performed numerical experiments using a nonhydrostatic compressible equation model called the Cloud-Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS). As a result, a combined effect of an atmospheric river (AR) and a cut-off low (COL) in this flooding event was elucidated. During the event, a filamentary transport of moisture extending from the Indochina Peninsula to the Japanese Islands was observed along the southern side of the subtropical jet, forming an AR. This AR had a deep structure with an amount of free tropospheric moisture comparable to that of the boundary layer. Concurrently, there was a COL, detached from the Mid-Pacific Trough, moving northwestward toward the Japanese Archipelago. With various sensitivity experiments, we concluded that a mid-tropospheric instability associated with the cold core of the COL and a dynamical ascent induced in its foreside, collaboratively worked with the anomalous moisture in the free troposphere associated with the AR, to extraordinarily enhance the precipitation over Hiroshima region. An orographic effect to concentrate the precipitation in this region was also confirmed. An implication on a difference in effects of AR in this event with a climatologically moist boundary layer, from those in the US west coast with a very dry environment, was also obtained. Acknowledgment: This study is supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-1503) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

Cardiovascular disease in relation to exposure to ionizing radiation. ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study Hiroshima 1958-60. Cardiovascular Project Report 4

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Yano, Katsuhiko; Ueda, Shoichi

1962-12-12

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors was analyzed for a possible radiation effect. Suggestive differences among comparison groups were observed concerning: High blood pressure in both sexes; Prevalence of coronary heart disease in females; and Age change in serum cholesterol level in males. It is not clear, however, from the present data whether these differences are radiation effects per se or concomitant effects of differences in environmental factors or even in accuracy of diagnosis. These points will be further investigated as follow-up data become available. 15 references, 2 figures, 17 tables.

Photography and nuclear catastrophe. The visual representation of the occurrences in Hiroshima/Nagasaki and Chernobyl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buerkner, Daniel

2014-01-01

The dissertation project seeks to analyse the photographic positions that deal with the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the accident of the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl. This focus includes press photographs of the events as well as artistic, documentary and touristic images that take an approach towards the disasters often years after and hereby form iconographic or material references to the events. The study reveals central strategies for photographic images of atomic catastrophes, be they of military or civil nature. It is the inability to visualize non-visible nuclear rays or the complexity of processes on an atomic level that has turned out to be crucial. This incapacity of making images, a paradigm of invisibility, substantially coins the cultural role of the events. The question of how a society deals with these abstract potentials of nuclear technology has turned out to be always anew of high relevance in regard to ecological, social and technological policies of images.

Comparison of death certificate and autopsy diagnoses - Hiroshima. [Cause of death

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stone, R S; Anderson, Jr, P S

1960-09-14

In this report evaluation of the death certificates has been on the basis of comparison with recorded autopsy diagnoses without review of the latter. An attempt has been made to evaluate limitations inherent in this method. The cases analyzed here represent the ABCC Hiroshima autopsy series from 1949 through 1959. Post mortem examinations on stillbirths and neonatal deaths that were collected during the years 1948 through 1953 were excluded from consideration because such cases are not pertinent to the general problems under study. With this limitation 1304 cases were available for matching. In 139 of these cases the death certificates were not available through the mechanisms of the overall study, so 1165 cases remained. Before comparisons are made the most important questions that must be answered about the materials and methods of the present investigation are: (1) is the autopsy-death certificate series a representative sample of all deaths in the population; (2) are the autopsy diagnoses correct; (3) are the death certificates properly understood and coded; and (4) are biologically meaningful groupings chosen for comparison between autopsy cause of death and death certificate cause of death. Because it is not possible to provide exact answers to all of these questions the doubt that they raise must be admitted but evaluated in the perspective of that part of the answer which is known.

Leukemia among a-bomb survivors living in Hiroshima city, 1971-1978

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawakami, Masahito; Takahashi, Hiroshi; Ohkita, Takeshi; Hayakawa, Norihiko

1980-01-01

The death from leukemia among Hiroshima citizens from 1971 to 1978 was investigated. The total number of dead citizens was 241, and 64 of them were a-bomb survivors. Thirty-seven of a-bomb survivors were exposed to a-bomb within 2 km from hypocenter. Seventy-seven of remaining 177 citizens were born after the explosion of a-bomb, but they were not children of a-bomb survivors exposed directly to a-bomb. The mortality of a-bomb survivors exposed near the hypocenter was 1.67 (within 2 km) - 2.51 (within 1.5 km) times that of those exposed far from the hypocenter. The mortality of a-bomb survivors exposed within 1.5 km was significantly high. The death risk from leukemia was significantly high in women. The estimated exposure dose was over 1 rad in 25 of abovementioned 37 a-bomb survivors, and it was over 10 rad in 21 and over 100 rad in 10 of 25. Seven of 10 a-bomb survivors exposed over 100 rad were women. The age at the exposure was under 10 years in 1, teens in 1, twenties in 2, and over thirty in 6. The type of leukemia was acute in 8 and chronic in 2. Both types were myelogenous leukemia. Five of these 10 a-bomb survivors died after 1976. (Tsunoda, M.)

A study on aging by physical measurements among female A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Hisashi; Kurihara, Minoru; Hayakawa, Norihiko; Ikeuchi, Minoru; Munaka, Masaki

1978-01-01

One hundred and fifty-two women living in Hiroshima underwent physical measurements in 1970 and 1976. Those in the short-distance group (60) were directly exposed to the a-bomb within 1 km of the center of explosion. Those in the long-distance group (92) either were directly exposed over 3 km from the center of explosion, entered the city on or following the 4th day after the explosion, or nursed the exposed and disposed of the dead. Changes in physical measurement values were determined. Systolic pressure was more elevated and grasping power and vital capacity decreased more in the short-distance group than in the long-distance group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. There were few other differences between the groups. Regarding those under the age of 29 at the time of exposure, the physiological age, estimated from physical abilities (8 items were measured), was about 1 year older than the actual age at the time of the investigation. However, as the actual age increased, the physiological age tended to greatly decrease. (Tsunoda, M.)

Cigarette smoking and radiation exposure in relation to cancer mortality, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prentice, R.L.; Yoshimoto, Yasuhiko; Mason, M.W.

1983-05-01

Cancer mortality among 40,498 Hiroshima and Nagasaki residents was examined in relation to cigarette smoking habits and estimated atomic bomb radiation exposure. Relative risk models that are either multiplicative or additive in the two exposures (smoking radiation) were emphasized. Most analyses were directed toward all nonhematologic cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, or digestive cancer other than stomach, for which there were, respectively, 1,725, 658, 281, and 338 deaths in the follow-up period of this study. Persons heavily exposed to both cigarette smoke and radiation were found to have significantly lower cancer mortality than multiplcative relative risk models would suggest for all nonhematologic cancer, stomach cancer, and digestive cancer other than stomach. Surprisingly, the relative risk function appeared not only to be submultiplicative for these cancer sites, but to be subadditive as well. The lung cancer relative risk function could not be distinguished from either a multiplicative or an additive form. The number of deaths was sufficient to permit some more detailed study of all nonhematologic cancer mortality: Relative risk functions appeared to be consistent between males and females though a paucity of heavy smoking females limits the precision of this comparison. (author)

Effect of exposure of parents to the atomic bombs on the first generation offspring in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: preliminary report. Studies on the potential genetic effects of the atomic bombs. Radiation and the sex ratio in man

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neel, J V; Morton, N E; Schull, W J; McDonald, D J; Kodani, M; Takeshima, K; Anderson, R C; Wood, J; Brewer, R; Wright, S

1959-01-01

This document contains 3 separate reports on studies of genetic radiation effects on survivors of the atomic explosions on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Separate abstracts have been prepared for each report for inclusion in the Energy Database. (DMC)

Relationship of stature to gamma and neutron exposure among atomic bomb survivors aged less than 10 at the time of the bomb, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishimaru, Toranosuke; Amano, Takako; Kawamoto, Sadahisa.

1982-10-01

A reanalysis has been undertaken of the relationship of attained adult height of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors aged less than 10 at the time of the bomb (ATB) to radiation dose based upon new dosimetry data. The present analysis aims to examine the relationship of stature to radiation dose in terms of gamma rays and neutrons, separately. The 628 individuals were selected from Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors, aged less than 10 ATB, whose doses were available, and whose statures were recorded at the Adult Health Study (AHS) biennial health examination during 1970-72. To ascertain the relationship of attained adult stature to gamma and neutron doses three doseresponse models were applied to the data. The analysis revealed that the attained height is a separate function of exposure to gamma rays and neutrons. The model assuming a squared term dependence on gamma rays and a linear dependence on neutrons provides a better explanation of the data. The regression coefficient associated with the squared gamma dose is -0.00000927 and the coefficient associated with neutron dose is -0.0172. The relative biological effectiveness of neutrons in relation to gamma radiation with respect to the effect for diminished development of stature is estimated as 43.1 / √Dn in kerma (Dn=neutron dose). The 95% confidence limits are 19.3 / √Dn--96.5 / √Dn. (author)

Hydrogen isotope ratios of clay minerals constituting clay veins found in granitic rocks in Hiroshima Prefecture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitagawa, Ryuji; Kakitani, Satoru; Kuroda, Yoshimatsu; Matsuo, Sadao; Suzuoki, Tetsuro.

1980-01-01

The deuterium content of the constitutional and interlayer water extracted from the clay minerals (illite, montmorillonite, interstratified illite-montmorillonite mineral, kaolinite, halloysite) constituting the clay veins found in the granitic rocks in Hiroshima Prefecture was measured. The clay minerals were heated at 270 deg C to extract the interlayer water, then heated to 1,400 or 1,500 deg C to extract the constitutional water. The deuterium content of the local surface water collected from sampling points was measured. In the clay veins formed along perpendicular joints, the constituent clay minerals change from lower to upper part: illite → montmorillonite → kaolinite → halloysite. The deuterium content values of the constitutional water for illite and montmorillonite were estimated to be -67 to -69% and -86 to -89%, respectively. The deuterium content values of the constitutional water for halloysite range from -68 to -80% and for kaolinite from -63 to -67%. (J.P.N.)

ABCC-NIH adult health study, Hiroshima 1958-1960. Cardiovascular project report Number 6, heart size norm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ueda, Shoichi, Russell, W.J.; Yano, Katsuhiko

1962-05-01

Utilizing the information obtained from the detailed clinical examinations of subjects seen at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, standard heart size determinations in the Hiroshima population are provided. A formula has been devised to express the normal transverse cardiac diameter, obtained from the routine posteroanterior chest roentgenogram, in relation to weight, height, and age. The analysis was made for each sex separately. Values computed by using this formula are regarded as standard heart size. Deviations from the standard are interpreted as individual variability in the normal group, with a standard deviation of 9 mm. When this standard was applied to abnormal subjects, a high correlation between the relative heart size and the blood pressure or the presence of overt heart disease was evident. For this reason, the relative heart size for this standard should prove useful, together with other related factors, in the diagnosis and investigation of cardiovascular disease. A nomograph has been devised for practical use. 12 references, 7 figures, 4 tables.

Clinical survey of blood dyscrasias among Hiroshima a-bomb survivors by the periodical health examination, 5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taketomi, Yoshinori; Abe, Tsutomu; Okita, Hajime; Kamada, Nanao; Kuramoto, Atsushi

1980-01-01

Certain blood examinations were performed on a-bomb survivors having anemia more than moderate stage (the hemoglobin value under 9.0 g/dl), who were found out by the periodical health examination performed in Hiroshima-A-bomb Survivors Health Control Clinic during the latter period of the fiscal year 1975. The total number of a-bomb survivors who received the periodical health examination was 50,973, and the number of survivors whose hemoglobin value was under 9.0 g/dl was 201 (0.39%). The incidence of such anemia was high in women. There was not a relationship between this anemia and the exposure distance from the hypocenter. The incidence of this anemia was high in young a-bomb survivors, and more than 50% of a-bomb survivors having this anemia was under the age of 50. Iron-deficiency anemia was found in 88% of a-bomb survivors, and the course of their anemia ran in many years in many a-bomb survivors. (Tsunoda, M.)

Histologic review of breast cancer cases in survivors of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tokuoka, S.; Asano, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Tokunaga, M.; Sakamoto, G.; Hartmann, W.H.; Hutter, R.V.; Land, C.E.; Henson, D.E.

1984-01-01

A panel of Japanese and American pathologists reviewed existing histologic material used to study breast cancer risk among the A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a population in which incidence studies have found a strong relationship between breast cancer risk and radiation dose. The primary charge to the panel was to define a body of confirmed cases in the Life Span Study sample of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation that would require little or no review for inclusion in future studies of breast cancer incidence. Broad agreement on histologic type was reached for 298 of 300 confirmed cases. The distribution of histologic types was, overall, similar to that seen in other studies of breast cancer in Japanese women, and did not appear to depend on dose; thus radiation-induced breast cancer appeared to be no different histologically from other breast cancer. Also, no evidence was found of variation in histologic type by city, age at exposure, age at diagnosis, or calendar time

Lung cancer incidence among A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950 - 80

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Tsutomu; Kopecky, K.J.; Fujikura, Toshio; Tokuoka, Shoji; Monzen, Tetsuo; Nishimori, Issei; Nakashima, Eiji; Kato, Hiroo.

1987-05-01

The incidence of lung cancer during 1950 - 80 in a cohort of Japanese atomic bomb survivors and controls was investigated. A total of 1,057 cases were identified; 608 of these diagnoses were based on some form of histopathologic examination, and 442 were confirmed by the present investigators. The distributions of histological types varied significantly between the sexes (p < .001), with adenocarcinoma more frequent among women and epidermoid and small cell carcinoma more frequent among men. The distributions of primary sites did not differ significantly between the sexes. The relative risk (RR) of lung cancer increased significantly with A-bomb radiation dose (p < .0001); based on tentative 1965 dose estimates as revised in 1978 (T65DR) and a linear RR model, the estimated RR at 100 rad (± SE) is 1.41 ± 0.09. Among Hiroshima survivors the women experienced radiation-related excess RR nearly twice as great as men (p = .06). RR increased with decreasing age at the time of bombing (p = .07), and after allowing for this effect, there was no significant evidence that RR varied systematically with attained age. Small cell carcinoma displayed somewhat greater sensitivity to radiation than did adenocarcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma; however the variation between the histology-specific RR functions was not statistically significant (p = .44). (author)

ABCC-JNIH pathology studies, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Report III. The autopsy program and the life span study, January 1951--December 1970

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steer, A; Moriyama, I M; Shimizu, K

1973-01-01

Of the 19,701 deaths in the Life Span cohort between 1951--70, 22% came to autopsy. The autopsy procurement rate reached 45% in 1963 and declined thereafter. Problems and bias are discussed; autopsy rates were directly associated with radiation dose, especially in Hiroshima. Favorable autopsy procurement rates did not result from the rapport with survivors in the Adult Health Study. A study was made of stroke, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. The occurrence of cancer by site and cell type agrees with other data from Japan except for those cancers associated with prior ionizing radiation. Estimated radiation exposure data reveals no significant association for any disease other than some forms of cancer. (45 tables) (DLC)

Relation of radiation to gastric carcinoma observed in autopsy cases in a fixed population, Hiroshima and nagasaki 1961 - 74

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Tsutomu; Shimizu, Yukiko

1978-01-01

A study was made of the relation to atomic bomb radiation of 535 cases of gastric carcinoma among 4,694 deaths occurring in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were autopsied between 1961 and 1974. The proportion of all autopsies with gastric carcinoma as autopsy diagnosis tended to be high in the high dose group, but it could not be concluded with the present amount of information that there is a relation between gastric carcinoma and radiation in this autopsy study. Although no specific distribution of the histological types of gastric carcinoma was noted by radiation dose, the data indicated increases in the degree of extension of tumor cells in the gastric wall and the degree of metastasis to the lymph nodes seemed to be high in the high dose group. (author)

Exploration for petroleum and natural gas in Sonai Plain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konishi, K

1965-09-01

Exploration in the Sonai Plain by Sekyu Shigen Kaihatsu Kabushiki Kaisha (Oil Resources Development Corporation) since 1955 is described. The development tasks are made difficult due to the presence of permeability traps. However, 41 out of 65 wells drilled up to late March of 1965 have been successful. Quantities of crude oil and natural gas produced in 1963 were, respectively, 5 and 6 times those of 1958. The Sonai Plain is a relatively new area, and there are still many unknown factors, yet the rate of development has increased greatly. More and deeper wells are expected to be drilled with even better results.

Epidemiological studies. From experience in Hiroshima and Nagasaki to Fukushima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okubo, Toshiteru

2011-01-01

Results of epidemiological studies by Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) on A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki over 60 years are described as they are conceivably useful for present health risk assessment, future measures and health problems in Fukushima. The studies conducted in the two Cities on total of about 120,000 people of survivors and unexposed control group have given following findings. Incidence of leukemia is increased several years after A-bomb exposure, and of diseases like thyroidal ones, cataract and solid cancers, at 10-20 years later. Individual dose assessment of these morbid people is established (DS02, Dosimetry published in 2003), which reveals the quantitative relationship between dose and incidence. This relationship is used as a reference to make up an international standard for protection of radiation hazard. Mean of excess relative risk (ERR) on linear non-threshold (LNT) hypothesis of solid cancers is around 0.4/Gy at age of 70 y for people exposed at age 30 y although there is a significant age and sex difference in ERR. As well as survivors, studies are performed on exposed fetuses and second generations from the exposed people, which show the increased incidence of newborn microcephaly from mothers exposed with high dose but overall health abnormality is not seen in offspring from exposed parents. Radiation exposure is mainly instantaneous in the two Cities and is mostly derived from neutron and gamma-ray, which are somehow different from that in Fukushima due to Nuclear Power Plant Accident. The latter involves long term external and internal exposures with alpha-, beta- and gamma-ray hereafter. The difference should be well recognized for risk assessment in Fukushima; exempli gratia (e.g.), at the same dose, instantaneous exposure is mentioned more risky than long term one. (T.T.)

Cerebral vascular disease in Hiroshima. Report of a six-year period of surveillance, 1958 to 1964

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, K G; Yano, Katsuhiko; Kato, Hiroo

1966-08-25

Cerebral vascular disease (CVD) in the population of Hiroshima, Japan, is described for the period 1958 to 1964. The incidence of CVD in the male population over 30 years of age was 7.4 per 1000 per year and in females 4.1, approximately twice the observed incidence of coronary heart disease. Being based on examined individuals only, these estimates are biased downward, perhaps by a factor of 10%. The frequency of cerebral thrombosis was twice that of cerebral hemorrhage. These findings on incidence and type of CVD are in accord with the known high incidence of this disease in Japan but do not suggest that any disease other than atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries is responsible. Hypertension, cardiomegaly (ascertained by ECG or chest film), and proteinuria were important factors in the risk of subsequent CVD. The singular association between hypertension and CVD, and the evidence that CVD is declining in Japan, the US and Europe during a period of widespread use of antihypertensive agents, encourage further epidemiologic study in CVD. 30 references, 15 figures, 8 tables.

Trace Analysis of Irradiated Granite Samples from Hiroshima by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amr, M.A.; Helal, N.F.; Zahran, N.F.; Becker, J.S.; Pickhardt, C.; Dietze, H.J.

1999-01-01

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is widely accepted as a rapid and sensitive technique for trace elemental analysis of solid materials and for local analysis of inhomogeneous materials (such as geological samples). Due to its direct solid sample analysis capability, LA-ICP-MS (using a quadrupole based ICP-MS and at the Research Center Juelich developed laser ablation system: Nd-YAG-laser, 226 nm, 10 Hz and 5 ns) is applied for the analysis of geological (granite) samples from Hiroshima. In order to prepare homogeneous targets, these samples were melted together with a lithium-borate mixture in a muffle furnace at 1050 degree c. Furthermore, for investigating of matrix effects the powder of these samples is mixed with graphite and pressed as targets for laser ablation. The quantification of the analysis results was carried out using granite (GM) as standard reference material. The relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) for most elements, which were determined for correction of the measured values, varied between 0.3 and 3

Noncancer mortality based on the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb survivors registry over 30 years, 1968-1997

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasagi, Keiko

2002-01-01

The relation of radiation exposure with noncancer mortality was examined on 44,514 atomic bomb survivors (17,935 males, 26,579 females, and mean age 22.8±15.7 yrs at the time of bombing) registered at Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, based on mortality follow-up over 30 years, 1968-1997. Noncancer mortality was significantly related to radiation dose with relative risk of 1.06 at 1 Sv radiation dose, although weaker than the dose response in solid cancer mortality. The significant dose responses were observed especially in circulatory disease, stroke and urinary organ disease, and suggestive dose response in pneumonia. The temporal pattern in dose response by age at the time of bombing indicated that the relative risk of noncancer mortality was higher with follow-up period, which is contrary to a decreasing dose response in solid cancer mortality with follow-up period. The tendency was remarkable in those survivors younger at the time of bombing. These findings suggest that the significant radiation risk observed in noncancer mortality might increase as the proportion of younger survivors among atomic bomb survivors increases. (author)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high crystalline polymeric material'. Evaluation on second term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokesshosei kobunshi zairyo (dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

This research and development is intended to establish a basic technology related to high crystalline polymeric material that has dynamic properties comparable to metallic materials by single polymeric material as a structural material. Thick and large high-elasticity molded forms were obtained by searching poly-arylate material, and by developing such processing technologies as high-pressure injection molding, composite injection molding, and elongation fluidity molding. High-elasticity molded forms with uniform internal orientation were obtained by heating and molding liquid crystal polymers under high magnetic field. Solution molding was performed on a molecular composite consisting of rigid chains and soft chains, which was laminated and bonded to have obtained an isotropic form with as high elasticity as 54 GPa. In addition, high pressure powder formation of cross-linked polymers of di-acetylene system provided an isotropic form with sound wave elasticity of 23 GPa.

FY 1996 R/D project of industrial and scientific technologies contracted with NEDO. Report on R/D of organosilicon polymers; 1996 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Keisokei kobunshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu (Keisokei kobunshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-01

Organosilicon polymers are highly innovative materials having high performance and novel functions, and they can be widely applied. The purpose of this study is to establish fundamental techniques for molecular design, synthesis, material processing and evaluation of organosilicon polymers having excellent electro- and photo-functions, and advanced heat-proof, fire-proof and mechanical properties. This R/D includes (1) R/D of electrical conducting materials by organosilicon polymers, (2) R/D of novel organosilicon polymers applicable to direct lithography, (3) R/D of new silicon-based polymer materials with electro-luminous function, and (4) R/D of silicon-based polymers for new photoconductive materials. In (1), synthesis of highly conjugated polymers is investigated. In (2), novel organosilicon polymeric materials have been developed, which would be applicable to direct lithography of electronic circuits, and which could contribute to simplification of the circuit formation process. In (3), the research aims at development of new silicon-based polymer materials with luminescent function which can be applied to the large size electro-luminescent display devices. In (4), new materials with visible light absorption have been synthesized through the molecular design and synthesis. The photo-carrier generation was observed. 107 refs., 86 figs., 23 tabs.

FY 1997 R/D project of industrial and scientific technologies contracted with NEDO. Report on R/D of organosilicon polymers; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Keisokei kobunshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu (keisokei kobunshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The purpose of this study is to establish fundamental techniques for molecular design, synthesis, material processing and evaluation of organosilicon polymers having excellent electro- and photo-functions, and advanced heat-proof, fire-proof and mechanical properties. This R/D includes (1) R/D of electrical conducting materials by organosilicon polymers, (2) R/D of novel organosilicon polymers applicable to direct lithography, (3) R/D of new silicon-based polymer materials with electro-luminous function, and (4) R/D of silicon-based polymers for new photoconductive materials. In (1), synthesis method of regular polymers with a 3-D structure was developed. Non-volatile dopants were developed, and structures of polymer-dopant composites could be controlled. In (2), precise control of conductivity was examined. Material processing and evaluation techniques were also examined through stabilization of polysilane thin films, optimization of pattern forming conditions, and precision of patterns. In (3), new silicon-based polymers have been synthesized. In (4), two kinds of polymers have been synthesized for development of materials with high photo-carrier generation efficiency and high mobility. 72 refs., 71 figs., 22 tabs.

Overview of FY1997 human media technology R and D; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seido Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku jigyo. Human media no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper reports a summary of results in fiscal 1997 of research and development of human media technology. Fiscal 1997 launched design and trial fabrication of the following items: interface to improve efficiency and safety of plant operators, accommodation of multimedia contents to aid Kansei design, city development design aiding technologies using contents retrieval and presentation technologies and virtual reality, and empirical evaluation technologies for safety, comfort and convenience. Specific study assignments were extracted on a virtual media technology, a Kansei media technology and a knowledge media technology being three elementary technologies for human media to make clear the research and development approaches to be taken in the coming fiscal years. In addition, a human media technology committee, a research and development working group, and an investigation working group were established. Also launched were investigations on research trends in the human media technology, and investigative researches on contacts of information needs in industries with human media. 59 refs., 114 figs., 24 tabs.

Recent progress in carcinogenesis, progression and therapy of breast cancer: the 20th Hiroshima Cancer Seminar--the 4th Three Universities' Consortium International Symposium, October 2010: 31 October 2010, International Conference Center Hiroshima.

Science.gov (United States)

Toi, Masakazu; Yasui, Wataru; Ito, Hisao; Tahara, Eiichi

2011-07-01

The 20th Hiroshima Cancer seminar focused upon breast cancer research and treatment particularly on the mechanism of tumorigenesis and drug resistance and development of novel therapeutics. Several molecules such as retinoblastoma and p16 were raised as key factors in tumorigenesis and invasiveness. Estrogen-related pathways seem to be closely involved in the process. For the tumor lacking hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor 2, some other mechanisms could be responsible. It seems that MicroRNA 22 directing some putative targets such as SIRT1, Sp1 and CDK6 plays a crucial role in breast tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, ribophorin and the associated molecules might be engaged in breast cancer stemness. Obviously, these molecules provide potential for therapeutic targets. It was also discussed about new drug development such as anti-human epidermal growth factor 2 therapy, anti-angiogenesis, pro-tumor aspects of anti-cancer therapy and application of circulating markers for monitoring, imaging and health-care system. Furthermore, we discussed risk factors, prevention and screening to reduce invasive cancers as well. Throughout the conference, panelists and attendee indicated the importance of translational research and biomarker exploration in order to realize efficient and individualized therapy for breast cancer.

Multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-76: relationship to radiation dose absorbed by marrow

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichimaru, M.; Ishimaru, T.; Mikami, M.; Matsunaga, M.

1982-01-01

The relationship between atomic bomb exposure and the incidence of multiple myeloma has been examined in a fixed cohort of atomic bomb survivors and controls in the life-span study sample for Hiroshima and Nagasaki. From October 1950 to December 1976, 29 cases of multiple myeloma were confirmed in this sample. Our analysis shows that the standardized relative risk (RR) adjusted for city, sex, and age at the time of bombings (ATB) increased with marrow-absorbed radiation dose. The increased RR does not appear to differ between cities or sexes and is demonstrable only for those survivors whose age ATB was between 20 and 59 years. The estimated risk in these individuals is approximately 0.48 cases/million person-years/rad for bone marrow total dose. This excess risk did not become apparent in individuals receiving 50 rad or more in marrow total dose until 20 years or more after exposure

Relation of radiation to gastric carcinoma observed in autopsy cases in the life span study sample, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1961-74

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Tsutomu; Shimizu, Yukiko.

1978-11-01

A study was made of the relation to atomic bomb radiation of 535 cases of gastric carcinoma among 4,694 deaths occurring in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were autopsied between 1961 and 1974. The proportion of all autopsies with gastric carcinoma as autopsy diagnosis tended to be high in the high dose group, but it could not be concluded with the present amount of information that there is a relation between gastric carcinoma and radiation in this autopsy study. Although no specific distribution of the histological types of gastric carcinoma was noted by radiation dose, the data indicated increases in the degree of extension of tumor cells in the gastric wall and the degree of metastasis to the lymph nodes seemed to be high in the high dose group. (author)

Cytogenetic study of the offspring of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awa, A.A.; Honda, T.; Neriishi, S.

1987-01-01

The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the radiation sensitivity of human germ-cell chromosomes by measuring the frequency of children with chromosome changes in structure or number induced by radiation in the germ cells of exposed parents. It is expected that stable chromosome aberrations, if induced in the germ cells, would be mot likely transmitted to the offspring. Although there is no evidence of chromosome aneuploidy being induced by radiation exposure in humans, it is difficult to exclude the possibility that abnormalities, such as XYY and XXX, would be induced in the offspring. The present chapter describes the results of somatic chromosome analysis of 8,322 children born to A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Hagasaki and 7,976 children born to parents who had received less than 1 rad (distally exposed) or were not in the cities (NIC) at the time of the bomb (ATB). Chromosome analyses were based mostly on nonbanded preparations throughout the study. Because of the recent, extensive reassessment of A-bomb dosimetry by a US-Japan team of experts, the present study samples have been divided into exposed and control groups based on the T65DR system that has been routinely used until recently at RERF. The data base for the new DS86 dose system has been entered into the RERF computer; however, calculations of the individual dose estimates for each survivor are now in progress, but are not available at this time. For this reason, no attempt has been made to analyze the present data in terms of parental radiation doses

Stomach cancer screening in the adult health study population, Hiroshima, 1971--1972

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akiyama, M; Yamakido, M; Otake, M; Belsky, J L; Pastore, J O; Kawamoto, S; Okawa, T; Dock, D S

1978-04-01

Examinations for parietal cell antibody (PCA) were performed on 1334 subjects of the Adult Health Study (AHS), Hiroshima, during a 1-year period. Findings revealed PCA in 112 subjects (8.4%), but no difference in frequency was noted by sex. The positive rate was significantly higher in those age 50 or over. No correlation was noted between estimated A-bomb exposure dose and PCA frequency. PCA was found in 58 of the 502 cases presenting achlorhydria on tubeless gastric analysis, and particularly in the age 50 and over group, PCA was demonstrated in 43 of the 302 subjects presenting achlorhydria. PCA was detected in 11 of 152 subjects with low, serum pepsinogen levels and in 20 of 123 subjects with high levels. The frequency of positive PCA in subjects presenting achlorhydria and abnormal (low or high) serum pepsinogen levels was 19 in 100, higher than 7 in 106 in those subjects in whom gastric acidity and serum pepsinogen levels were both normal. The frequency of positive PCA was higher in patients diagnosed on upper gastrointestinal (GI) series as atrophic gastritis than in patients diagnosed as some other gastric disorder. PCA was negative in both of the two cases in whom a definite diagnosis of stomach cancer was established. However, in light of the finding of abnormal Diagnex Blue (DB) tests and positive PCA at a high frequency in the gastritis group and reports that gastritis provides the groundwork for stomach cancer, care should be taken in cases with findings of abnormal DB test, abnormal serum pepsinogen levels, and positive PCA.

Concentration of Antifouling Biocides and Metals in Sediment Core Samples in the Northern Part of Hiroshima Bay

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noritaka Tsunemasa

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Accumulation of Ot alternative antifoulants in sediment is the focus of this research. Much research had been done on surface sediment, but in this report, the accumulation in the sediment core was studied. The Ot alternative antifoulants, Diuron, Sea-Nine211, and Irgarol 1051, and the latter’s degradation product, M1, were investigated in five samples from the northern part of Hiroshima Bay. Ot compounds (tributyltin (TBT and triphenyltin (TPT were also investigated for comparison. In addition, metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn levels and chronology were measured to better understand what happens after accumulation on the sea floor. It was discovered that Ot alternative antifoulant accumulation characteristics in sediment were like Ot compounds, with the concentration in the sediment core being much higher than surface sediment. The concentration in sediment seems to have been affected by the regulation of Ot compounds in 1990, due to the concentration of Ot alternative antifoulants and Ot compounds at the survey point in front of the dock, showing an increase from almost the same layer after the regulation.

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional new technology creation R and D. First year report. R and D of medicine toxicity assessment use hepatocyte chip; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu / chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Dokubutsu dokusei hyokayo kansaibo chip no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Judging that in the beginning of the toxicity test, the necessary information/knowledge are acquired not by using animal itself but only by using liver system (hepatocyte), the development was proceeded with of the hepatocyte chip substituting for the animal experiment. Studies were made in the following five fields: 1) design of functional matrices; 2) development of the pharmacological assessment technology; 3) development of cell sensing technology/biosensor fabrication; 4) study of a possibility and the limit of cell patterning technology; 5) survey of the market scale. In 1), studies were made of the establishment of the 3D culture method for hepatocyte and the construction of hepatocyte models for medicine assessment using pieces of liver. In the latter, by including capsule using the sugar introduced with galactose residue which is special sugar of hepatocyte to alginic acid and chitosan which are natural polymer and also hepatocyte isolated into sponge, aggregate was formed, and its use as a medicine assessment use liver model was tried to be made. (NEDO)

FY 1998 result report on development of superconductive power application technologies. Pt. 1. Research and development of superconductive wire materials / Research of a total system / Research and development of a freezing system / Demonstration tests; 1998 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu. 1. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu, total system no kenkyu, reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu, jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Superconductive technologies are introduced into electric power devices for attempts of achieving higher stabilization, density and efficiency, as well as size and weight reduction and improvement in performance of the devices. The project has been worked on since fiscal 1998 as part of the New Sunshine Project. Fiscal 1998 being the eleventh year has taken the following subjects as the research promotion policies: establishment of plans targeted at accomplishment of the goals of the project; adequate and reliable implementation of verification of technological assignments; and steady and efficient demonstration tests. Subsequent to the previous year during which site demonstration tests were completed on a low-speed responsive model machine, the site demonstration test has begun on the ultra high-speed responsive model machine as the final stage of the project. The ultra high-speed responsive model machine was coupled with a freezing system and a load synchronizing machine, and different kinds of test were carried out where good results were obtained. Researches were conducted on characteristics improvement and device element technologies aimed at achieving the practical application level by utilizing the respective features of AC metal-based wires and oxide-based wires, where sound results were obtained. Also in an improved freezing system, valuable data were attained as part of establishing the basic technologies for a superconductive power generation system. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 report on the R and D result of industrial science and technology. R and D synergy ceramics (R and D on synergy ceramics); 1996 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper summarizes the general survey mainly conducted by FCRA (Fine Ceramics Research Association) in fiscal 1996, and the joint research results with some universities, from some R and D on synergy ceramics. Silicon nitride based ceramics expressed the same high thermal conductivity as metal by seed crystal addition, grain growth control and orientation control of sheet lamination. For its practical use, study was made on control factors of material, formation and sintering. Ca2Y2Si2O9 single crystal was prepared by float-zone method to determine its crystal structure. No volume change due to high-temperature phase transition as thermal expansion was found. In carbothermal reduction- nitridation of SiO2, addition of Si3N4 seed powder increased a reaction rate and formed uniform particles with an isotropic shape. An average particle size was dependent on the size and number of fine particles in seed powder. Addition of both Si3N4 and Fe compound could change a particle shape from a spherical grain to an elongated grain. A spherical Fe-Si metal grain was found on the tip of an elongated grain. 66 refs., 73 figs., 13 tabs.

Hospital and clinic survey estimates of medical x-ray exposures in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sawada, Shozo; Land, C.E.; Otake, Masanori; Russell, W.J.; Takeshita, Kenji.

1980-11-01

All large hospitals and 40% of the small hospitals and clinics in Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities were surveyed for the X-ray examinations they performed during a 2-week period in 1974. The frequency and type of X-ray examinations received by members of the RERF Adult Health Study (AHS) and the RERF Life Span Study (LSS) extended, excluding AHS (Non-AHS), were compared with the general population in each city. Radiologic exposures of patients at hospitals and clinics were most frequent among the general populations. The number of patients, examinations, and exposures per caput per year in each population were estimated. Since the age distribution differed among the three populations, comparisons were made only after correcting for age. On a per caput per year basis exposure frequency was relatively high in the AHS and low in the general populations, a reflection of the greater number of patients in the AHS than in the general populations. Non-AHS males in Nagasaki had a higher X-ray examination rate than did the AHS subjects. The others in the Non-AHS did not differ appreciably from the general populations. There was no difference among these groups according to body sites examined. (author)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Research on low temperature deposition of polycrystalline thin films; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Teion seimaku gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, K [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Technology

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on a technology of low temperature deposition of polycrystalline thin films for solar cells. This research used ITO coated glass substrates, on which CdS was accumulated to a thickness of about 100 nm by using the CBD process, and over this deposition a CuInSe2 film was formed at 300{degree}C by using the ion cluster beam (ICB) process. The manufactured solar cells with a glass/ITO/CdS/CuInSe2/Au structure had an efficiency of 2%. In manufacturing a CuGaSe2 thin film by using the ICB process, effects of acceleration voltage relative to cluster beams and ionization current were investigated. It was found that the film morphology, the result of analysis by using X-ray diffraction, and the electric conductivity are sensitive to the ionization current. From these findings, an optimum film forming condition was derived. A CuGaSe2 thin film was manufactured by using the ICB process over a Cds thin film deposited by using the CDB process. Both of the surface morphology and X-ray diffraction patterns of the film did not show a large change, indicating a possibility of manufacturing cells with a reverse structure. Effects of heat treatment on CuInSe2 monocrystals were evaluated by using ESR and FTIR. 6 figs., 1 tab.

Italian Mass Media and the Atom in the 1960s: The Memory of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Peaceful Atom (1963-1967)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciglioni, Laura

2017-01-01

The chapter investigates the representations of both fears and hopes related to atomic issues in Italian mass media from 1963 to 1967, through the analysis of a selection of highly circulated mass-market magazines (representing a broad spectrum of political cultures) and of television programs broadcast by the two Italian public networks of the time. The fears of the “atomic age” are analyzed through the memory of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which represents one of the privileged venues for both molding representations of the atomic bomb and negotiating fears. “Atomic hopes” are investigated, instead, examining the emergent fascination for the peaceful uses of atomic energy, analyzed as the catalyst for a positive perception of the atom at a time when national energy policies were at a crucial turning point.

Finding peace from Hiroshima. One oncologist's fight to rectify the damage caused by radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skoufalos, M.N.

2006-01-01

The article informs about one oncologist's fight to rectify the damage caused by radiation. In a small town just outside Osaka, Japan, Ritsuko Komaki was born, quite literally, into the atomic age. She was just an infant in 1945 when the first atomic bomb ever detonated on a human population devastated her family's ancestral home of Hiroshima. One of her friends, Sasaki was diagnosed with leukemia, and was later hospitalized with bone marrow suppression. Her grandmother had been exposed to the same chemical radiation that Sasaki had, yet never contracted leukemia despite presenting with all the other side effects of exposure. Komaki wa wondering why her grandmother never had any leukemia, but Sadako did? She never had any cancer, but she had all the symptoms of exposure, e.g. hair loss, diarrhea and bone marrow problems. During medical school, Komaki volunteered her summers at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, the institute the United States built in Japan to examine the victims of atomic exposure. Anyone diagnosed as anemic underwent a bone marrow exam, and Komaki learned a great deal about chromosomal abnormalities by performing blood tests alongside visiting researchers from Yale University and other American hospitals. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had fostered a national paranoia about radiation and radioactivity. In Japan, they hate radiation, and for so many years, they did not want to hear about radiation therapy. Patients had an illogical fear of it that delayed offering it as treatment there. In Japan, the majority of cancer treatment culminated in surgery. Radiation oncology was not a recognized specialization; oncologists were grouped in with diagnostic radiation techs. Yet today, Ritsuko Komaki, MD, is the chief operating officer of one of the most sophisticated radiation oncology treatment facilities in the United States: the 120 million US Dollar M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. And ironically, the technical equipment that forms

Perinatal loss and neurological abnormalities among children of the atomic bomb. Nagasaki and Hiroshima revisited, 1949 to 1989

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamazaki, J.N.; Schull, W.J.

1990-01-01

Studies of the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were exposed to ionizing radiation in utero have demonstrated a significant increase in perinatal loss and the vulnerability of the developing fetal brain to injury. These studies have also helped to define the stages in the development of the human brain that are particularly susceptible to radiation-related damage. Exposure at critical junctures in development increases the risk of mental retardation, small head size, subsequent seizures, and poor performance on conventional tests of intelligence and in school. The most critical period, 8 through 15 weeks after fertilization, corresponds to that time in development when neuronal production increases and migration of immature neurons to their cortical sites of function occurs. The epidemiologic data are, however, too sparse to settle unequivocally the nature of the dose-response function and, in particular, whether there is or is not a threshold to damage. If a threshold does exist, it appears to be in the 0.10- to 0.20-Gy fetal-dose range in this vulnerable gestational period

NEDO Forum 2000. Industrial technology development session; Sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu session

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

This session presented the following subjects: I. IT innovation, II. Bio-seminar, III. Nano-technology, IV. Machine technology seminar, and V. 'Development subsidy project to put industrial technologies into practical use'. The theme in I relates to (1) influence of IT innovation on the society, (2) the theory of semiconductor evolution, (3) the theory of liquid crystal evolution, and (4) the theory of disk evolution. The theme II searches (1) how far have bio-technologies come?, (2) search of human evolution from genes, (3) can human being live up to 150 years by bio-technologies?, and (4) what is a DNA array (chip)?. The theme III covers (1) product innovation in polymers (new polymeric materials brought about by polymer nano-technology, taking polyolefin as an example), and (2) creation of ceramics materials by using nano-technologies. The theme IV relates to (1) ITS changes the car society into this way, (2) the current status and outlook on research and development of micro-machine technologies, and (3) the futuristic society and new industries opened by the Humanoid project. The theme V describes (1) practical application of ultra-small medical device production technologies, (2) development of next generation semiconductor manufacturing resists, (3) development for practical application of an optical brain function imaging device, and (4) development for practical application of new screening technologies toward creation of medicines using genome. (NEDO)

Natural history and outcome of antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections in women: Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, L R; Seki, Masafumi; Phair, J P

1964-04-23

The present report is a review of data collected from 159 women whose positive urine cultures were detected during 4 years of a study of the late medical effects of ionizing radiation emitted during the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Although there are always uncertainties in a retrospective analysis of data, a number of unusual features of the present series of patients provided the stimulus for undertaking the review. These features included the relatively unbiased nature of the study population, the finding of a group of patients who were untreated for sizeable intervals of time, the long follow-up after treatment and the use of quantitative bacteriologic techniques during the entire period of observation. Although the entire study population was not screened for urinary infection, the age distribution of patients with infections was similar of that found in surveys of the general population. Treatment was considered successful in about 84% of cases when evaluation was based on follow-up cultures approximately 3 months after the administration of antibiotics. When evaluation was based on 18 months or more follow-up after treatment, only about 50% of patients had negative urine cultures. These results were similar to those reported previously in hospital clinic patients. Observations on a small group of untreated patients suggest that for women, the long term results of gram negative urinary tract infections is not significantly altered by a single short course of antibiotic treatment. 27 references, 7 figures, 5 tables.

Incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures among adult health study participants, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1958-86

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujiwara, Saeko; Mizuno, Shoichi; Ochi, Yoshimichi; Sasaki, Hideo; Kodama, Kazunori; Russell, W.J.; Hosoda, Yutaka.

1990-01-01

The incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures (TVF) in a fixed Hiroshima and Nagasaki population of 16,027 was determined by sex, age, and atomic bomb ionizing radiation exposure. Diagnosis was based on lateral chest radiographs made from 1 July 1958 to 28 February 1986. Born between 1880 and 1940, the subjects were categorized by sex into 10-year birth cohorts. When examined by birth cohort and age at onset, the age dependency of TVF incidence showed a good fit to a log-linear regression model. In females, TVF incidence tended to be lower in the younger birth cohorts and tended to increase with age in all birth cohorts. With each 10-year increase in age, the incidence among females increased by a factor of 1.7. In males, the incidence was significantly lower in the younger birth cohorts, but did not increase with age. The incidence decreased by a factor of 0.5 in males and 0.6 in females as the birth cohort age became younger. TVF incidence was greater in males until the age of 50, was equal by sex in the sixth decade, and was greater among females, who were 60 years of age or older. TVF incidence did not differ by city, and no correlation with A-bomb radiation exposure was demonstrated. (author)

Studies of colorectal cancer among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima, 1950-1980

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakatsuka, Hirofumi

1985-01-01

Among the 82,064 subjects, 595 cases of colorectal cancer were confirmed, 395 cases (66.4%) by microscopic examinations of histological specimens and 69 cases (11.6%) by death certificate only. Subjects with unknown exposure dose or who were not in Hiroshima city at the time of the bombing were excluded, and the analysis was based on 60,470 persons with estimated exposure dose. In this population, there were 450 colorectal cancer cases: 239 cases of colon cancer, 203 cases of rectal cancer and eight cases with unknown site. Concerning the relationship between incidence of colorectal cancer and radiation exposure, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The incidence of colorectal cancer increased with radiation dose, and this tendency was observed in both sexes. 2. The risk of colon cancer increased with dose, and linear trend tests showed that the increase was significant both in males (p<0.05) and females (p<0.01). The effects of radiation on the incidence of colon cancer differed by age at the time of the bombing. Among survivors exposed at young ages (less than 20) the effects were especially remarkable, the relative risk of the 100+ rad group versus the 0 rad group being 6.2, which was significantly greater than unity (p<0.01). Further, by site of colon cancer, radiation dose effects on the incidence of cancer of the right side colon (cecum and ascending colon), and sigmoid colon were observed, while dose effects on the incidence of the transverse colon or descending colon were not. 3. No effects atomic bomb radiation on the incidence of rectal cancer could be demonstrated, even when examined by sex and age at the time of the bombing. 4. For both colon cancer and rectal cancer, no difference in the distribution of tumor histological types could be observed by radiation dose. (J.P.N.)

Effect on school performance of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otake, Masanori; Schull, W.J.; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Yoshimaru, Hiroshi.

1988-08-01

As a part of the continuing assessment of the effects on the developing embryonic and fetal brain of exposure to ionizing radiation, the school performances of prenatally exposed survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and a suitable comparison group have been studied. In this report, the changes in performance in seven school subjects according to dose are compared under the T65DR dosimetry heretofore used by ABCC-RERF, and the new dosimetry (DS86) installed in 1986. Those survivors with school performance records but without T65DR doses, or not exposed in utero, or without school records are excluded. Thus, the T65DR study group consists of 1,090 children, including 14 clinically diagnosed cases of mental retardation. The findings can be summarized as follows: Damage to the 8-15 week fetal brain appears to be lincarly related to the fetal absorbed dose, as judged by the simple regression of average school performance score on dose. This is so for both the T65DR study group and the DS86 sample with or without the 14 cases of retardation. Damage to the fetus exposed at 16-25 weeks after fertilization appears similar to that seen in the 8-15 week group. Canonical and multiple correlations also show a highly significant relationship of exposure 8-15 weeks and 16-25 weeks after fertilization to achievement in school. This trend is stronger, however, in the earliest years of schooling. In the groups exposed within 0-7 weeks following fertilization, or 26 or more weeks after fertilization, there is no evidence of a radiation-related effect on scholastic performance. These results parallel those previously found in prenatally exposed survivors with respect to achievement in standard intelligence tests in childhood. (author)

マルクスの「現実の資本の過剰生産」概念について

OpenAIRE

松尾, 純; Jun, Matsuo; 桃山学院大学経済学部

2008-01-01

Professor Noriko Maehata and I have been engaged in discussions concerning the understanding of the concept of "actual overproduction of capital" as contained in Karl Marx's Das Kapital Volume III. The discussion originated in Professor Maehata's criticism("'Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall' and 'Absolute Overproduction of Capital' - An Issue in Research on the Theory of Crisis," Economic Society of Rikkyo University(Rikkyo Keizai Gaku Kenkyu), Vol. 55, No. 1, July 2001)of my...

Breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-69. Pathologic features

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McGregor, D H [Veterans Administration Hospital, Kansas (USA); Land, C E; Choi, K; Tokuoka, S; Liu, P I

1981-01-01

The pathological features of 161 cases of breast cancer --7% noninfiltrating carcinoma, 47% nonspecific infiltrating duct carcinoma, 21% nonfiltrating papillary duct carcinoma, 7% comedo carcinoma, 6% medullary carcinoma, 6% colloid carcinoma, 4% lobular carcinoma, and 2% sarcoma-- were investigated and their relation to irradiation dosage due to the atomic bomb was studied. Irradiation dosage was estimated from T65 dosage, the total dosage of ..gamma..-rays and neutrons in unshielded tissue. However, there was no relation between the dosage and any specific tissue type. Breast cancers were classified as either type I, type II, or type III according to the histological grade, and each grade was divided according to the degree of differentiation, multiplicity, and mitiotic activity. The pathological characteristics, lymphatic infiltration, fibrosis, necrosis, localization, calcification, and vascular, perineurial, muscular, and dermal invasion were investigated in each case. The histological grade and the incidence of localized invasion, necrosis, localization, and calcification were lower in the patients who were irradiated with more than 50 rad than in those who were not irradiated. The absolute risk rate for breast cancer was estimated to increase by 1.9 cases/100,000 rad from 1950 to 1969. This increase was much smaller than that estimated from x-ray irradiation during medical treatment in North America. The dose response curves at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were similar and fitted well with a linear model, suggesting that the effect of ..gamma..-rays was analogous to that of neutrons in inducing cancer. The problems involved in the histological classification of breast cancer and the histological differences between cancer patients in Japan and in the U.S.A. were discussed.

Neutron-induced {sup 63}Ni activity and microscopic observation of copper samples exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shizuma, Kiyoshi, E-mail: shizuma@hiroshima-u.ac.jp [Quantum Energy Applications, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan); Endo, Satoru [Quantum Energy Applications, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan); Shinozaki, Kenji [Materials Joining Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan); Fukushima, Hiroshi [Materials Physics, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 (Japan)

2013-05-01

Fast neutron activation data for {sup 63}Ni in copper samples exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb are important in evaluating neutron doses to the survivors. Up to until now, accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting methods have been applied in {sup 63}Ni measurements and data were accumulated within 1500 m from the hypocenter. The slope of the activation curve versus distance shows reasonable agreement with the calculation result, however, data near the hypocenter are scarce. In the present work, two copper samples obtained from the Atomic bomb dome (155 m from the hypocenter) and the Bank of Japan building (392 m) were utilized in {sup 63}Ni beta-ray measurement with a Si surface barrier detector. Additionally, microscopic observation of the metal surfaces was performed for the first time. Only upper limit of {sup 63}Ni production was obtained for copper sample of the Atomic bomb dome. The result of the {sup 63}Ni measurement for Bank of Japan building show reasonable agreement with the AMS measurement and to fast neutron activation calculations based on the Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02) neutrons.

Autopsy studies of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1954-1974): relation to atomic bomb radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asano, M. (Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan); Norman, J.E. Jr.; Kato, H.; Yagawa, K.

1978-01-01

The authors examined 155 autopsy cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the Life Span Study sample including both A-bomb survivors and controls in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1954 to 1974). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was classified into lymphoid, diffuse and fibrous types and the following results were obtained. No difference existed in the effects of A-bomb radiation in the incidence and ATB. The ratio of males to females did not reveal statistical significance, even though reversed ratio was noted in the high dose group. The variation of thyroid gland weight in T65 dose or by variant showed no significant pattern, even though the smallest average weight was found in the highest radiation exposure group. The complications in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were noted to have high prevalance of ovarian cancer and low prevalence of stomach cancer and total cancer. Only two patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were found to be complicated with thyroid carcinoma. Among collagen diseases, the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis was high as complication. And the prevalence of combined diseases suggested that no late effect of A-bomb radiation existed.

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on research and development of key technologies for superconducting generator. Research and development of key technologies to increase density, research and development of key technologies to increase capacity, research and development of design technologies, and research of technologies; 2000 nendo chodendo hatsudenki kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Komitsudoka kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu / daiyoryoka kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu / sekkei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu / gijutsu chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Researches have been made to increase density of 200,000-kW class generator and to increase capacity of 600,000-kW class generator necessary for putting superconducting generator into practical use. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2000. In the study of increasing densities of superconductors and field windings, strands were fabricated, in which aging heat treatment conditions, number of aging, and processing degrees between each aging were varied, to increase the critical current of Nb-Ti strand, wherein as high critical current as corresponding to about 90% of the target was obtained. Possibility of increasing the critical current with the final processing degree in the range of 4 to 5 was verified from the relationship between the final processing degree and the critical current. In the study of increasing capacities of superconductors and field windings, findings were acquired on enhancement of conductor stability and reduction in AC loss, with regard to superconductor strands well balanced in the two elements. Prospects were obtained in achieving the AC loss of 200 kW/m{sup 3} in the targeted superconductor. The residual resistance ratio was found to be 200, showing sufficiently high value, and sufficient function was verified in the stabilized copper. In the research of design technologies, primary basic design was performed. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1996 on the research and development of superconductor technology to power generation. Pt. 1. Research and development of superconducting wire, generator, total system, and refrigeration system; and verification test; 1996 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu, total system no kenkyu, reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu, jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-01

In the research and development of superconducting wires, studies are conducted to increase the current capacity of NbTi and Nb{sub 3}Sn metal wires and to improve their properties, and to increase the current capacity of oxide materials and improve their performance making full use of the features of each manufacturing method. In the development of superconducting generators, a slow excitation response type is tested for verification, and a good result is attained; and a quick excitation response type is tested for field winding static excitation, and good performance is exhibited. Using the results so far achieved, the 200,000kW class pilot machine concept design is reviewed. In the study of total systems, feasibility is studied of a quench test for the 70,000kW class machine through simulation analyses, etc. In the development of refrigeration systems, efforts are exerted to improve on the conventional type in terms of reliability and to further improve on the improved version in terms of performance and space-saving feature. One of the endeavors involves the development of a He Brayton cycle turbine driven compressor. A multilayer cylindrical rotor is verified in terms of functions, characteristics, reliability and durability, and various data are collected toward the development of a pilot machine. (NEDO)

JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study, Hiroshima 1950-59. Multiple causes of death stated in medical certificates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishida, Morihiro; Jablon, S

1962-08-22

The applicability to the JNIH-ABCC Life Span Study of secondary causes shown in Hiroshima death certificates is discussed. The analysis is based on 5526 death certificates reported among members of Selection I and II of the Life Span Study sample. Secondary causes appear to be of only limited usefulness to the Life Span Study. Factors such as age, sex, exposure status, which may influence the frequency of entry of secondary causes in medical certificates are analyzed. Age is the only factor which shows a significant relationship and this may be interpreted as resulting from the fact that chronic diseases with multiple illnesses are most prevalent among persons at older ages. The number of secondary causes in the present study is too small to delineate in detail the pattern of complications or contributory causes. However, 9 cases of malignant neoplasms were entered only as complications and were missed in the primary tabulation, representing only about one percent of all malignancies. Secondary causes shown in the death certificates and associated causes found at postmortem examination seem not to be comparably distributed, thus raising a serious problem as to the applicability of the former to the Life Span Study. Both the magnitude and accuracy of entry of the secondary causes are influenced greatly by the ease with which illnesses may be detected clinically. 9 references, 12 tables.

A chromosome study of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in T lymphocytes of Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kodama, Yoshiaki; Hakoda, Masayuki; Shimba, Hachiro; Awa, A.A.; Akiyama, Mitoshi.

1989-07-01

Cytogenetic characterizations were made of lymphocyte colonies established from somatic mutation assays for 6-thioguanine (TG) resistance in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors. G-banded chromosomes were analyzed in both TG-resistant (TG r ) and wild-type (not TG-selected) colonies. Included were 45 TG r and 19 wild-type colonies derived from proximally exposed A-bomb survivors, as well as colonies from distally exposed control individuals who were not exposed to a significant level of A-bomb radiation (18 TG r and 9 wild-type colonies). Various structural and numerical abnormalities of chromosomes were observed in both TG r and wild-type colonies. Aberrations of the X chromosome, on which the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus is present, were found in six colonies: two resistant colonies from controls [45,X/46,XX; 46,X,ins(X)], three resistant colonies [45,X/46,XX/46,X,+mar; 46,X,t(Xq+;14q-); 46,Y,t(Xq-;5q+)], and one wild-type colony [45,X/47,XXX] from proximally exposed persons. In cases with exchange aberrations, each of the break points on the X chromosome was situated proximally to band q26 where the HPRT locus is known to be assigned. DNA replicating patterns were also studied, and it was found that abnormal X chromosomes showed early replicating patterns, while normal X chromosomes showed late replicating patterns. (author)

Ultimate evaluation report on research and development of basic technologies for next-generation industry. Conductive polymeric materials; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka. Dodensei kobunshi zairyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-05-01

Basic technologies are established that equip polymeric materials (insulators in general) with conductivity similar to that of metals for the realization of novel conducting materials characterized by light weight, high resistance to corrosion, and ease of machining, and for the manufacture of novel electrical/electronic materials having new functions different from those of conventionally used metals. The aims are to realize a conductivity of 10{sup 5}S/cm or more, to manufacture materials sufficiently stable when left in the ordinary or inert atmosphere, and to manufacture materials which may be machined into proper shapes as required in the industry. The results of the 10-year-long development endeavor greatly contribute to the creation of high-level materials, the systematization of technologies, and the elucidation of the conducting mechanism. In relation to polymeric materials, in particular, a new technology is developed that equips, with high reproducibility, polymeric materials with conductivity similar to that of silver or copper; a graphitic material is created for the first time provided with conductivity superior to that of metals; and conducting polymeric materials are equipped with an easy-to-machine feature. A great contribution is accomplished to the production of superconductivity in organic charge-transfer complex crystals and to the elucidation of the conducting mechanism. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research on engineering methods for cost effective PV installation; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Tashu secchi koho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of engineering methods for photovoltaic power system installation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the survey on applicable fields, various application aspects, applicability, and problems on location and legal regulation were continuously studied for railway, river reservation, lake surface and public facility as promising locations after highway in the last fiscal year. The result pointed out relatively easy possibility of PV power generation of nearly 11,700MW except residence and building fields. (2) On installation technology of solar cell arrays, several models based on various installation conditions, construction methods and system configurations were studied, and various application aspects were proposed by combination of simple design conditions. (3) On test and evaluation of the structural design of array racks, wind tunnel experiments were conducted for structure wall, platform shed and highway sound insulation wall. (4) On basic design of various promising systems, the conceptual design of interconnection systems was carried out assuming applications to highway and railway. 7 figs., 3 tabs.

Long-term Radiation-Related Health Effects in a Unique Human Population: Lessons Learned from the Atomic Bomb Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Science.gov (United States)

Douple, Evan B.; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko; Cullings, Harry M.; Preston, Dale L.; Kodama, Kazunori; Shimizu, Yukiko; Fujiwara, Saeko; Shore, Roy E.

2014-01-01

For 63 years scientists in the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, have been assessing the long-term health effects in the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and in their children. The identification and follow-up of a large population (approximately a total of 200 000, of whom more than 40% are alive today) that includes a broad range of ages and radiation exposure doses, and healthy representatives of both sexes; establishment of well-defined cohorts whose members have been studied longitudinally, including some with biennial health examinations and a high survivor participation rate; and careful reconstructions of individual radiation doses have resulted in reliable excess relative risk estimates for radiation-related health effects, including cancer and noncancer effects in humans, for the benefit of the survivors and for all humankind. This article reviews those risk estimates and summarizes what has been learned from this historic and unique study. PMID:21402804

Joint research achievement report on field test project for photovoltaic power generation of industrial use in fiscal 2000 (5/5); 2000 nendo sangyo tou you taiyokohatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho 5/5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-05-01

This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2000 on the field tests for photovoltaic power generation of industrial use. This report describes the details of the achievements on the following organizations: the Hiroshima Riverside Hotel; the Saraya Corporation; the Nanshin Subaru Corporation; the Ricoh Uni-techno Corporation; Toyota Motors Kyushu Corporation (Eco-center); Hitachi Electric Wires; Yuasa Corporation, Furukawa City in Ibaraki Prefecture; the Takasaki Branch Office of East Japan Passenger Railways; the World Trade Center Building, the Minami Trading Company, Onga Township in Fukuoka Prefecture; the Keio Electric Railways (Wakabadai Station); the Business Enterprise Bureau of Kyoto Prefectural Government; Okinawa Electric Power (Kita-Daito Island), Kawagoe Township in Mie Prefecture, the Keio Electric Railways (Meidai-mae Station); Kitakata Township in Gifu Prefecture; the Yamaguchi Prefectural Government; the MSK Corporation; the Fuji Pream Corporation; Kumano Township in Hiroshima Prefecture; Fukuroi City in Shizuoka Prefecture; the Water Supply Bureau of Yokohama Municipality in Kanagawa Prefecture; Ashiya City in Hyogo Prefecture; Shinoyama City in Hyogo Prefecture; the Gantan Beauty Industry; the Toyokuni Industry; and Minoo City in Osaka Prefecture. (NEDO)

Zoonotic onchocerciasis in Hiroshima, Japan, and molecular analysis of a paraffin section of the agent for a reliable identification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fukuda M.

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Japan is a country of high specific diversity of Onchocerca with eight species, the adults of two not yet known. Onchocerca dewittei japonica, a common filarial parasite of wild boar, had been proved to be the agent of five zoonotic onchocerciasis in Kyushu island with morphological and molecular studies. The sixth case, at Hiroshima in the main island, was identified to the same Onchocerca species, based on adult characters observed on histological sections. To consolidate the identification, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1 gene analysis was attempted with the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded parasite specimen. The sequence (196 bp of a CO1 gene fragment of the parasite successfully PCR-amplified agreed well with those of O. dewittei japonica registered in GenBank, confirming the morphological identification. Moreover a comparison with the CO1 gene sequences of six other Onchocerca species in GenBank excluded the possibility that Onchocerca sp. from wild boar and Onchocerca sp. type A from cattle in Japan, were the causative agents in this case. Mitochondrial DNA analysis proved to be a valuable tool to support the morphological method for the discrimination of zoonotic Onchocerca species in a histological specimen.

Protein variants in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: tales of two cities.

Science.gov (United States)

Neel, J V; Satoh, C; Smouse, P; Asakawa, J; Takahashi, N; Goriki, K; Fujita, M; Kageoka, T; Hazama, R

1988-12-01

The results of 1,465,423 allele product determinations based on blood samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, involving 30 different proteins representing 32 different gene products, are analyzed in a variety of ways, with the following conclusions: (1) Sibships and their parents are included in the sample. Our analysis reveals that statistical procedures designed to reduce the sample to equivalent independent genomes do not in population comparisons compensate for the familial cluster effect of rare variants. Accordingly, the data set was reduced to one representative of each sibship (937,427 allele products). (2) Both chi 2-type contrasts and a genetic distance measure (delta) reveal that rare variants (P less than .01) are collectively as effective as polymorphisms in establishing genetic differences between the two cities. (3) We suggest that rare variants that individually exhibit significant intercity differences are probably the legacy of tribal private polymorphisms that occurred during prehistoric times. (4) Despite the great differences in the known histories of the two cities, both the overall frequency of rare variants and the number of different rare variants are essentially identical in the two cities. (5) The well-known differences in locus variability are confirmed, now after adjustment for sample size differences for the various locus products; in this large series we failed to detect variants at only three of 29 loci for which sample size exceeded 23,000. (6) The number of alleles identified per locus correlates positively with subunit molecular weight. (7) Loci supporting genetic polymorphisms are characterized by more rare variants than are loci at which polymorphisms were not encountered. (8) Loci whose products do not appear to be essential for health support more variants than do loci the absence of whose product is detrimental to health. (9) There is a striking excess of rare variants over the expectation under the neutral mutation

Effect on school performance of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otake, Masanori; Schull, W.J.; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Yoshimaru, Hiroshi.

1988-08-01

As a part of the continuing assessment of the effects on the developing embryonic and fetal brain of exposure to ionizing radiation, the school performances of prenatally exposed survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and a suitable comparison group have been studied. In this report, the changes in performance in seven school subjects according to dose are compared under the T65DR dosimetry heretofore used by ABCC-RERF, and the new dosimetry (DS86) installed in 1986. Those survivors with school performance records but without T65DR doses, or not exposed in utero, or without school records are excluded. Thus, the T65DR study group consists of 1,090 children, including 14 clinically diagnosed cases of mental retardation. DS86 tissue doses are not yet available on 161 individuals, mostly those with T65DR doses less than 0.10 Gy. The DS86 sample thus involves 929 children (85.2 %) of the T65DR study group and includes the same 14 severely mentally retarded persons. The findings can be summarized as follows: Damage to the 8 - 15 week fetal brain appears to be linearly related to the fetal absorbed dose, as judged by the simple regression of average school performance score on dose. This is so for both the T65DR study group and the DS86 sample with or without the 14 cases of retardation. Damage to the fetus exposed at 16 - 25 weeks after fertilization appears similar to that seen in the 8 - 15 week group. Canonical and multiple correlations also show a highly significant relationship of exposure 8 - 15 weeks and 16 - 25 weeks after fertilization to achievement in school. This trend is stronger, however, in the earliest years of schooling. In the groups exposed within 0 - 7 weeks following fertilization, or 26 or more weeks after fertilization, there is no evidence of a radiation-related effect on scholastic performance. (author)

Pathological study on autopsy cases at Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital, September 1956 - March 1988

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nambu, Shigeru; Fujihara, Megumu; Kuramoto, Kiyoshi; Hamada, Tadao.

1990-01-01

A retrospective review was made of 2,659 autopsy patients obtained during the past 31 years and a half in Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital. Of the patients, 1,328 (49.9%) were A-bomb survivors. Five hundred and six A-bomb survivors (38.1%) had been exposed at up to 2,000 m from the hypocenter. There was no correlation between the incidence of malignancy and the presence of exposure to A-bombing. The incidence of multiple malignancy was slightly higher in A-bomb survivors exposed at the place nearer the hypocenter. In the group of A-bomb survivors, cancer of the lung was the most common for men; and cancer of the stomach was the most common for women. The incidence of malignancy has been high in the exposed group during the early eras of examination; however, this figure has recently become high in the non-exposed group. Regarding the kinds of malignancy, there was no significant difference between the exposed and non-exposed groups. The incidence of leukemia was high during the early eras, and tentatively decreased in both the exposed and non-exposed groups. It has recently increased again. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma rapidly increased during the recent eras, regardless of sex, in both groups; this was marked in women in the exposed group. Thyroid and breast cancers tentatively increased in women in the exposed group. Benign diseases were seen in 35% for the exposed group and 33% for the non-exposed group; liver diseases were most frequent in both groups. In the exposed group, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and central nervous diseases has recently increased. (N.K.)

Leukemia in atomic bomb survivors. 1. General observations. Leukemia in survivors of atomic bombing. Cytologic and biochemical studies on the granulocytes in early leukemia among atomic bomb survivors. Leukemogenic effects of ionizing radiation on atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lange, R D; Moloney, W C; Yamawaki, Tokuso; Kastenbaum, M A

1959-01-01

This document contains 4 separate reports on leukemia in survivals of the atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In the first report, observations on seventy-five established cases of leukemia occurring in people exposed to atomic bomb radiation are presented. These data indicate a great increase in the incidence of leukemia among atomic bomb survivors due to a single massive exposure to ionizing radiation. The leukemogenic effects of radiation are manifested equally in both sexes and at all age levels represented in this series. The striking preponderance of chronic myelogenous leukemia compared to chronic lymphatic leukemia has been noted in exposed individuals but it is pointed out that chronic lymphatic leukemia is comparatively rare among the Japanese. Cases of leukemia are still appearing in atomic bomb survivors. However, since 1950 there has been a steady decline in the number of cases. The second report consists of a review of all cases of leukemia referred to the ABCC from 1948 to April 1952, a total of 75 cases. In the third report, hematological and biochemical findings in separated leukocytes of four cases of preclinical myelogenous leukemia developing in atomic bomb survivors are described. The incidence of leukemia among survivors in Hiroshima is the topic of the fourth report. 38 references, 8 figures, 10 tables.

R and D of remote reading system. Remote reading system no kaihatsu kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakano, H.; Hamada, T.; Nakamura, O. (The Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan)); Imai, Y.; Akiyama, K.

1992-03-25

As measures for the spots difficult in metering within a framework to integrally automate the power distribution, a remote reading system was prototypically tested and evaluated in reliability on the actual field. The system methodically selected the signal {prime}s line injection, high frequency wave signal and voltage detection, while the signal frequency, transmission rate and highest transmission output were set at approx. 3.5KHz, 7.5bps and 50dBm, respectively from the test result. The demonstration test on reliability of the system locatively selected a vicinity of high voltage consumer, high harmonic wave-generating consumer, transforming station, etc. The total ratio of success in reception was comparatively high in Kuzuno and Yamazaki areas, but low in Kamojyo and Ichinomiya areas, The badness in reception was caused by the fluctuation in noise and strongness in damping which was influenced by the condenser in the high voltage consumer. The locative relation between the parent and child stations of system, and high voltage consumer being classified into four patters, an application table of remote reading system was prepared by simulation. 14 figs., 6 tabs.

Jet engine R and D and I; Watashi to jet engine kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murashima, K. [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-06-10

My efforts towards at the development of aeroengines since the end of the war are described. The J3-7 engine propelled the T1 trainer plane, and was installed as booster aboard the P2J antisubmarine patrol aircraft. It was the first jet engine that Japan produced after the end of the war, and had been in use until quite recently. I took part in the construction of a prototype of the JR100 series designed to serve as VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft lift engines, and in the test thereof. As the shift from turbojet to turbofan proceeded, I participated in the development of the FJR710 engine under the guidance of National Aerospace Laboratory, and the product was installed aboard an experimental STOL (short take-off and landing) aircraft Asuka. I next joined a Defense Agency initiative for a reheat turbofan to replace the J3 aboard trainer plane, and the result was the low bypass ratio/high output F3 engine. In 1989, Ministry of International Trade and Industry decided for a large-scale project of developing an engine for a next-generation supersonic transport, and the HYPR (Super/Hypersonic Transport Propulsion System) project was started. The project was participated in by manufacturers from overseas, which were GE, P and W, RR, and SNECMA. The foreign corporations worked on an equal footing with the Japanese parties, and collaboration between the participants was smooth, with each party endeavoring in the field they were good at. The project will be concluded as scheduled in fiscal 1998. (NEDO)

G-banding analysis of radiation-induced chromosome damage in lymphocytes of Hiroshima atomic-bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohtaki, Kazuo; Nakashima, Eiji.

1994-06-01

This report describes the G-banding analysis of somatic chromosomes in lymphocytes from 63 atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima to determine the type and frequency of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. Summary findings are as follows: (1) The cells with stable-type chromosome aberrations (Cs cells) predominated among the aberrant cells and showed a dose-dependent increase. All stable chromosome aberrations were classified into 9 types: reciprocal translocations (t), translocations of complex type (t-cx), insertions (ins), complex exchanges (e-cx), peri- and paracentric inversions (inv-peri, inv-para), terminal and interstitial deletions (del-ter, del-int), and unidentified rearrangements. Aberration frequencies increased with increasing dose for all aberration categories. Among the chromosome aberrations classified, reciprocal translocations predominated in all dose ranges. The frequencies of complex aberrations were low at the low-dose level but increased sharply as dose increased. (2) The linear model was fitted to test the dose-response relationship for Cs-cell frequencies. With a constant neutron relative biological effectiveness of 10, an estimated linear slope of 15.2%/Sv was obtained for Dosimetry System 1986 bone-marrow dose with an intercept of 2.9% at dose 0. The present observation confirmed a wide variability of Cs-cell frequencies among individual survivors in every dose category.(3) Statistical analysis of data on 3370 break sites showed good correlations between relative DNA content and the distribution of chromosome breaks involved in translocations, although the involvement of chromosome 1 is significantly higher, for as-yet-unknown reasons. (J.P.N.)

Mortality statistics of major causes of death among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima from 1968 to 1982

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hayakawa, Norihiko; Kurihara, Minoru; Munaka, Masaki (Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology) (and others)

1991-01-01

A comparative study was made on mortality during a 15-year period from 1968 to 1982 between atomic romb survivors resident in Hiroshima Prefecture and non-exposed controls. The mortality rate for all causes of death was lower in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but the rate was higher among those directly exposed within about 1 km than in the non-exposed. The mortality rate for malignant neoplasms was higher in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but that for cerebrovascular disease and heart disease was lower. In examining the rate for malignant neoplasms by site, the site showing a high mortality rate among atomic bomb survivors were almost identical to the results of the Life Span Study. For these sites, the shorter the exposure distance the higher was the mortality rate. The rate for malignant neoplasms of the uterus and stomach, and leukemia was unnaturally high among early entrants whose period after issuance of atomic bomb survivor's health handbook was short. In observing the atomic bomb survivors by the level of family destruction due to the bombing as a socio-economic factor, a tendency ws observed for the mortality rate for malignant neoplasms, diseases of blood-forming organs, and peptic ulcer, to be higher among survivors with severe family destruction. (author).

Fiscal 1999 achievement report on research and development of industrial technologies. Research and development of synergy ceramics; 1999 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are conducted in the two fields of (1) survey and research and (2) development of technology for evaluating high temperature dynamic corrosion characteristics of heat resistant ceramics. In field (1), a comprehensive survey is conducted, an application study is conducted about high temperature gas separating ceramic membranes, and efforts are made to put to practical use ceramic parts manufactured by a low cost production process. In the application study of ceramic membranes, technologies are developed for a process of manufacturing high temperature gas separating porous ceramic membranes capable of separating and purifying gas emissions and gas ingredients, which involves the development of technologies for improving on gas separation and purification functions, development of technology of providing catalyst support function, technology of porous membrane formation, evaluation of separation characteristics, and so forth. In an application study for ceramic parts manufactured by a low cost manufacturing process, which involves structural ceramics, optimization is accomplished for materials synthesizing technologies by means of mechanical alloying, and cylinder liners are fabricated and evaluated for a natural gas engine made of silicon nitride based ceramics. In field (2), a high temperature dynamic corrosion testing device is built for heat shield coatings. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'ultra-grid elements'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'chokoshi soshi'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-04-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to ultra-grid elements. With regard to the process technology to search materials suitable for the targets of ultra-grid elements and manufacture ultra-grid element structure, a technology has been completed, by which crystalline growth is performed while controlling AlAs and GaAs at atom layer levels by using the MBE process and MOCVD process. This has allowed the understanding to be progressed on behavior of electrons in hetero interface or very thin films. It has also become possible to acquire new crystals that have band gaps and grid constants matching the performance of the elements. Regarding ultra-grid functional elements, new functional elements with the HET and RHET structures were made by utilizing the characteristics of the ultra grids, and performances of normal temperature operation and high speed operation were investigated. The ultra-grid structured elements have made it possible to embed ultra fine electrode structure into crystals by means of double hetero growth, and a possibility of Si-based PBT was demonstrated. These achievements lead to a belief that the targets intended at the beginning of the present research have been achieved. (NEDO)

Relationship of cigarette smoking and radiation exposure to cancer mortality in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prentice, R.L.; Yoshimoto, Y.; Mason, M.W.

1983-01-01

Cancer mortality among 40,498 Hiroshima and Nagasaki residents was examined in relation to cigarette smoking habits and estimated atomic bomb radiation exposure level. Relative risk (RR) models that are either multiplicative or additive in the two exposures were emphasized. Most analyses were directed toward all nonhematologic (ANH) cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, or digestive tract cancer other than stomach cancer, for which there were, respectively, 1,725, 658, 281, and 338 deaths in the follow-up period for this study. Persons heavily exposed to both cigarette smoke and radiation were found to have significantly lower cancer mortality than multiplicative RR models would suggest for ANH cancer, stomach cancer, and digestive tract cancer other than stomach cancer. Surprisingly, the RR function appeared not only to be submultiplicative for some of these cancer site categories but also may be subadditive. The lung cancer RR function could not be distinguished from either a multiplicative or an additive form. The number of deaths was sufficient to permit some more detailed study of ANH cancer mortality: RR functions appeared to be consistent between males and females, though a paucity of heavy smoking females limits the precision of this comparison. The submultiplicative nature of the RR function mentioned above was particularly pronounced among persons who were relatively young (less than or equal to 30 yr of age) at the time of radiation exposure. The RR function for these younger subjects depends strongly on both radiation and cigarette smoke exposure levels. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to human carcinogenesis models. As a byproduct, cancer mortality of several sites is significantly related to radiation exposure in this population, after accommodation for the possible confounding effects of cigarette smoking

R and D on new energy technologies. Outlines of fiscal 1976 research results; Shin energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 1976 nendo kenkyu seika no gaiyo. Kenkyu kaihatsuhi kamihanki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-07-01

This report outlines the results of (1) 8 researches on solar energy technology, (2) 4 researches on hydrogen energy, and (3) 4 general researches. (1) includes the prototype measuring instrument of near IR solar direct radiation using an interference filter to measure solar spectral irradiance, the prototype small-scale solar heat power model system, selective absorption and transmission films as solar heat power generation materials, InP solar cell and new solar cell system configuration, micro-wave power transmission of solar energy, and the expansion turbine using low-boiling point coolant for space power generation. (2) includes the hydrogen energy system, high-temperature thermolysis of water at 1,000 degrees C, prototype zirconia single-crystals for new solid electrolyte fuel cells, and the large-capacity high- temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell power system. (3) includes the total new energy system, the prototype superconducting magnet for energy storage, study on mechanism of an anomalous absorption effect by irradiation of strong laser beam onto high-temperature high-density ionized gas, and low-temperature difference power generation in the ocean. (NEDO)

Achievement report on developing superconductor power applied technologies in fiscal 1999 (2). Research and development of superconductor wire materials, research and development of superconductor power generators, research of total systems, research and development of freezing systems, and verification tests; 1999 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu / chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu / total system no kenkyu / reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu / jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to achieve higher efficiency, higher density, and higher stability in power systems, research and development has been performed on superconductor power generators. This paper summarizes the achievements thereof in fiscal 1999. A verification test was given on the rotor of an ultra high speed responding generator. In a sudden short circuit test using the different phase charging method, no anomalies were found such as quench generation and vibration changes, wherein the healthiness of the generator was verified. In the VVVF actuation test, knowledge was acquired on the actuation method when the ultra high speed responding generator is applied to a combined cycle plant. After the verification test has been completed, the disassembly inspections such as visual check and non-destructive test were performed. With regard to the vacuum leakage found in the rotor under very low temperatures, the causes were presumed and the countermeasures were discussed by observing the weld structures. In the design research, the conception design on the 200-MW pilot generator was reviewed by reflecting the results of the verification tests on the model generator. At the same time, trial design was made on a 600-MW target generator. In summarizing the overall research achievements, the achievements and evaluations were summarized on technological issues that have been allotted to each research member. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on the development of superconductor power application technology. 2. Research and development of superconducting wire and superconductive power generator, research of total system, research and development of refrigeration system, and verification test; 1998 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu, total sytsem no kenkyu, reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu, jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The slow excitation response type power generator is studied when the rotor and stator of a 70,000kW-class model are combinedly subjected to an on-site verification test, when a good result is obtained. The rotor is disassembled for inspection, and its members are found to be sound without any problem in terms of mechanical strength. The quick excitation response type is studied when a 70,000kW model is experimentally built and subjected to an on-site verification test after a rotation and excitation test in the factory, when the pilot machine concept design is reviewed. In the study of a total system, efforts continue for the review of the model machine test method, improvement on generator design and analytical methods, development of operating methods, and the effect of its introduction into the power system. Since a He-refrigerated system is requested to exhibit high reliability for application to power equipment and to be capable of continuous long-period operation, a system having constituents with their reliability enhanced and an appropriate redundant system is developed, and a verification study is under way which will continue for more than 10,000 hours. Described also is an oil-free low-temperature turbo refrigerator. The latest quick excitation response type rotor is also tested for verification. (NEDO)

Report on results for fiscal 1997 on development of superconducting electric power application technology. Pt. 2. R and D of superconducting wire, R and D of superconducting generator, studies on total system, R and D of refrigeration system, and verification test; 1997 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu, total system no kenkyu, reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu, jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-09-01

This report refers, continuously to the Part 1, to the in-situ verification test of the slow-response type model machine rotor and to the review of the conceptual design of the pilot machine. On the basis of the R and D results of various element technology/partial models obtained before the previous fiscal year, the design, manufacturing and factory test had been conducted for a 70,000kW class slow-response type model machine rotor. This year, an in-situ verification test was performed to complete the test of all planned test items. Using the technological results obtained in the design, manufacturing and test of the 70,000kW class model machine, the conceptual design is being reviewed of the 200,000kW class pilot machine. In the aspect of the functional design, accurate grasping of the thermal load is essential for the purpose of attaining a large capacity for a superconducting generator, as a part of which a thermal load analytical method was planned to be established for a torque tube heat exchanger. The reasonableness of the analysis was verified through a comparison with the factory test result of the 70,000kW class slow-response type rotor, indicating good agreement between the calculation result and the actual measurement, and enabling the result to be obtained that explains dependency of the thermal load on the number of revolution. (NEDO)

Achievement report on developing superconductor power applied technologies in fiscal 1999 (1). Research and development of superconductor wire materials, research and development of superconductor power generators, research of total systems, research and development of freezing systems, and verification tests; 1999 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu / chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu / total system no kenkyu / reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu / jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to achieve higher efficiency, higher density, and higher stability in power systems, research and development has been performed on superconductor power applied technologies. This paper summarizes the achievements thereof in fiscal 1999. In research and development of the superconductor wire materials, decrease in loss and increase in capacity of the conductors were progressed for the Nb{sub 3}Sn wire material, whereas its mechanical properties and stability were evaluated. In research and development of the superconductor generators, an ultra high speed responding generator was verified of its healthiness in a sudden short circuit test. A linkage test with an operating 77-kV system was performed, wherein verification was given that the superconductor generator can be operated stably against various disturbances. In research and development of the freezing systems, an improved system was structured, which achieved operation of 11,390 hours in a single system as a result of the high reliability of the oil-free structure. In the verification tests, the ultra high speed responding model generator was connect to the freezing system to give such tests as load test, onerous test, actuation test by using the M-G system, and 77-kV system linkage test. The functions, reliability, and durability of the system were verified, and different data were acquired. (NEDO)

FY 1998 annual report on the preliminary research and development of techniques for developing resources from gas-hydrate. Studies on gas-hydrate exploration, excavation techniques, methods for assessing environmental impacts, and gas hydrate handling systems; 1998 nendo gas hydrate shigenka gijutsu sendoken kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tansanado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu, kussaku gijutsu nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu, kankyo eikyo hyokaho no kenkyu kaihatsu, riyo system ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This R and D project is for the preliminary studies on development of the following 4 types of techniques for developing resources from gas-hydrates (GH): (1) gas-hydrate exploration, (2) excavation techniques, (3) methods for assessing environmental impacts, and (4) gas hydrate handling systems. The FY 1988 R and D results are described. For gas-hydrate exploration, the methods for analyzing inorganic ions and trace quantities of elements, which are necessary for accurately estimating the offshore GH around Japan, are established; and case studies are conducted for methods of predicting GH deposit forming mechanisms, and stability fields of GH, based on terrestrial heat flow and seismic data. For excavation techniques, GH decomposition rate is analyzed using a laboratory system which reproduces conditions of excavation of GH layers. For methods for assessing environmental impacts, a geo-hazard predicting model is established, to study ground displacement and gas leakage sensing systems and data transmission systems to cope with the hazards. For gas hydrate handling systems, an overall system is studied, and storage and transportation systems are outlined. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on research and development of industrial technologies. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Research and development of ultrahigh temperature gas turbine for power generation); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden'yo chokoon gas turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The fruits of fiscal 2000 efforts to develop high temperature energy materials and ultraprecision materials are briefly described. Activities are conducted in the four fields of (1) materials derivation and advanced evaluation/design technologies, (2) application technologies, (3) common base technologies, and (4) multifunction realization process evaluation. Discussed in field (1) are high temperature energy materials, high performance active materials, fundamental technologies for member designing, active materials for dealing with environmental gas, silicon based high resistance energy materials, porous multiple layer ceramic materials, macro-/micro-scale stress analysis technology, and microfracture analysis technology. Discussed in field (2) are heat resistant and damage tolerant materials, heat shielding materials and energy absorbing materials, and nanofilter materials capable of selective separation. In the study of active materials specific for environmental gas, a catalyst is developed, stable at high temperatures and capable of treating NOx selectively. The catalyst is a layered product comprising Ba hexaaluminate layers and stabilized zirconia layers. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on research and development of industrial technologies. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Research and development of ultrahigh temperature gas turbine for power generation); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden'yo chokoon gas turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The fruits of fiscal 2000 efforts to develop high temperature energy materials and ultraprecision materials are briefly described. Activities are conducted in the four fields of (1) materials derivation and advanced evaluation/design technologies, (2) application technologies, (3) common base technologies, and (4) multifunction realization process evaluation. Discussed in field (1) are high temperature energy materials, high performance active materials, fundamental technologies for member designing, active materials for dealing with environmental gas, silicon based high resistance energy materials, porous multiple layer ceramic materials, macro-/micro-scale stress analysis technology, and microfracture analysis technology. Discussed in field (2) are heat resistant and damage tolerant materials, heat shielding materials and energy absorbing materials, and nanofilter materials capable of selective separation. In the study of active materials specific for environmental gas, a catalyst is developed, stable at high temperatures and capable of treating NOx selectively. The catalyst is a layered product comprising Ba hexaaluminate layers and stabilized zirconia layers. (NEDO)

Mortality statistics of major causes of death among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture from 1968 to 1982

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hayakawa, Norihiko; Ohtaki, Megu; Matsuura, Masaaki; Munaka, Masaki; Kurihara, Minoru (Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology); Ueoka, Hiroshi

1989-06-01

A comparative study was made on mortality during a 15-year period from 1968 to 1982 between atomic bomb survivors resident in Hiroshima Prefecture and non-exposed controls. The mortality rate for all causes of death was lower in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but the rate was higher among those directly exposed within about 1 km than in the non-exposed. The mortality rate for malignant neoplasms was higher in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but that for cerebrovascular disease and heart disease was lower. In examining the rate for malignant neoplasms by site, the sites showing a high mortality rate among atomic bomb survivors were almost identical to the results of the Life Span Study. For these sites, the shorter the exposure distance the higher was the mortality rate. The rate for malignant neoplasms of the uterus and stomach, and leukemia was unnaturally high among early entrants whose period after issuance of atomic bomb survivor's health handbook was short. In observing the atomic bomb survivors by the level of family destruction due to the bombing as a socio-economic factor, a tendency was observed for the mortality rate for malignant neoplasms, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, and peptic ulcer, to be higher among survivors with severe family destruction. (author).

Mortality statistics of major causes of death among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture from 1968 to 1982

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayakawa, Norihiko; Ohtaki, Megu; Matsuura, Masaaki; Munaka, Masaki; Kurihara, Minoru; Ueoka, Hiroshi.

1989-01-01

A comparative study was made on mortality during a 15-year period from 1968 to 1982 between atomic bomb survivors resident in Hiroshima Prefecture and non-exposed controls. The mortality rate for all causes of death was lower in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but the rate was higher among those directly exposed within about 1 km than in the non-exposed. The mortality rate for malignant neoplasms was higher in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but that for cerebrovascular disease and heart disease was lower. In examining the rate for malignant neoplasms by site, the sites showing a high mortality rate among atomic bomb survivors were almost identical to the results of the Life Span Study. For these sites, the shorter the exposure distance the higher was the mortality rate. The rate for malignant neoplasms of the uterus and stomach, and leukemia was unnaturally high among early entrants whose period after issuance of atomic bomb survivor's health handbook was short. In observing the atomic bomb survivors by the level of family destruction due to the bombing as a socio-economic factor, a tendency was observed for the mortality rate for malignant neoplasms, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, and peptic ulcer, to be higher among survivors with severe family destruction. (author)

Public health nutritional studies on the atomic bomb female survivors living in Hiroshima

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munaka, Masaki

1983-01-01

The dietary life and socio-economic status of atomic bomb female survivors living in Hiroshima were investigated. The atomic bomb survivors group exposed at a long distance (LDG) was found to take a great quantity of soybean curd, miso and fruit except citrus, while the atomic bomb survivors group exposed at a short distance (SDG) was found to take a significant amount of fish paste products. SDG tends to ingest processed food and in nutrient supply rate the percentage of calcium, iron and vitamin A is low. Judging from a state of food group without a meal rate, we got the result that SDG has a few kinds of ingestion food and takes them partially in each meal. In terms of socio-economic status, the rate of living alone, supporting oneself and living an empty life is high and the rate of living with a partner is low. On the other hand, we analysed the relations of three factors on physique.physical fitness and living status, and then got the following results. (1) ''Volume capacity'', in the cases of ''be married at present'', ''have a large family'', ''ingest a lot of protein and iron'', tends to be large, while in the cases of ''have no dis ease'', ''don't go without a meal'', ''ingest a lot of carbohydrates (non-fibrous)'', and ''nutr itional balance is good'', it tends to be small. (2) ''Height'', in the case of ''socio-economical status was good before exposure to the atomic bomb'', tends to increase. (3) ''Synthetic physical fitness'', in the cases of ''health condition is good at present'', ''have no disease at present'', ''ingest a lot of vitamin A'' and ''nutritional balance is good'', tends to be superior; in the cases of ''food cost is high'' and ''ingest a lot of carbohydrates (non-fibrous)'', it tends to be low. The significant difference was observed in ''synthetic physical fitness'' between the two age groups of 50-59 years and beyond 70 years. (author)

Research and development of utilization technology of solar thermal system for industrial and other use. Development of passive solar system (research and development of advanced glazing); Sangyoyo nado solar system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Passive solar system no kaihatsu (chokozai nado no kenkyu kaihatsu (advanced grazing no kenkyu kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takita, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for advanced glazing in which solar energy is efficiently utilized. The peripheral techniques are surveyed for evaluation of characteristics of large-size dimming glass, optimization of film compositions and scaling up. The dimming device, made on a trial basis, attains a target controllable rage of at least 50% for visible light transmittance. The suitable components include WO3 as the electrochromic material producing color under a reducing atmosphere, NiO as the counter electrode producing color under an oxidative atmosphere, and hydrated SbOx as the proton-conducting electrolyte. The test results indicate possibility of the dimming glass stably operable while being irradiated with a quantity of sun ray of around 10 years. The study on scaling up the dimmer glass develops, on a trial basis, a process for producing large-size glass and evaluates its characteristics, where the film parameters are investigated. It also investigates the peripheral techniques for assembling the devices for the large-size glass, and develops useful techniques, such as those for sealants and improved sealing methods. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Capillary microscopic observations on the superficial minute vessels of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima 1972-73

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuya, Akira; Wakano, Yoichi; Otake, Masanori; Dock, D.S.

1978-04-01

Microscopic and photographic studies were conducted in 1972-73 at ABCC in Hiroshima on the morphology of superficial blood vessels of A-bomb survivors to determine whether the somatic effects of radiation still existed 30 years after the A-bomb. Control curves representing the relationship between age and score values assigned to morphological changes of the minute blood vessels of the fingernail fold, labial mucosa, and lingual mucosa, which could be regarded as an index of aging, were obtained. These were compared with similar curves obtained from A-bomb survivors with the aim of evaluating the effect of radiation on the aging process of these vessels. The late somatic effects of irradiation which were demonstrated 10 years after the A-bomb in a previous study (1956-57) were found to persist in the current study (1972-73) conducted 30 years after the A-bomb though not as pronounced as in the earlier study. A significant effect was observed only in the fingernail fold of those exposed to 100 rad or more under the age of 10 at the time of the bomb. A statistically significant difference was not observed for labial mucosa and lingual mucosa because the number of cases available for scoring was small, but a trend was observed for abnormalities of these two sites to be higher in frequency in the 100+ rad group under the age of 10 ATB than that of the control group. No significant difference was observed between the control and exposed with regard to radiation effect on the aging process using the relationship of score values to age as an index of aging. This is in accord with results of studies of A-bomb survivors which suggested that radiation induces life shortening attributable primarily to cancers, but not a general acceleration of the aging phenomenon. (author)

Capillary microscopic observation on the superficial minute vessels of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima, 1972--1973

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuya, A.; Wakano, Y.; Otake, M.; Dock, D.S.

1977-01-01

Microscopic and photographic studies were conducted in 1972 to 1973 at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) in Hiroshima on the morphology of superficial blood vessels of A-bomb survivors to determine whether the somatic effects of radiation still existed 30 yr after the A-bomb. Control curves representing the relationship between age and score values assigned to morphological changes of the minute blood vessels of the fingernail fold, labial mucosa, and lingual mucosa, which could be regarded as an index of aging, were obtained. These were compared with similar curves obtained from A-bomb survivors with the aim of evaluating the effect of radiation on the aging process of these vessels. The late somatic effects of irradiation which were demonstrated 10 yr after the A-bomb in a previous study (1956 to 1957) were found to persist in the current study (1972 to 1973) conducted 30 yr after the A-bomb, though not as pronounced as in the earlier study. A significant effect was observed only in the nail fold of those exposed to 100 rad or more under the age of 10 at the time of bomb (ATB). A statistically significant difference was not observed with labial and lingual mucosae because the number of cases available for score evaluation was small, but a trend was observed for abnormalities of these two sites to be higher in frequency in the group exposed to 100 rad or more under the age of 10 ATB than that of the control group. No significant difference was observed between the control and exposed with regard to radiation effect on the aging process using the relationship of score values to age as an index of aging

Fiscal 1997 R and D project on industrial science and technology under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Genshi bunshi kyokugen sosa gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (genshi bunshi kyokugen sosa gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules (atom technology). The R and D aims at establishment of observation/manipulation technology of atoms and molecules as common basic technology in various industrial fields such as new material, electronics, bio-technology and chemistry. The R and D thus aims at establishment of observation/manipulation of solid surfaces and DNA organic molecules, formation of fine structures of atomic surface arrangement, and calculation/ simulation for predicting a reaction theorem of atom and molecule surfaces. In fiscal 1997, research was made on improvement and development of computer simulation environment, and description of an excited state of electrons by Green function. Establishment of a construction method and computation code is under investigation for pseudo- potential dependent on excitation energy. Survey was made on research trends of the atom technology by visiting overseas academic societies and institutions. International Symposium on Atom Technology was also held in Tokyo in Nov. 1997

Advanced research and development of gas hydrate resources. R and D of exploration and others - R and D of excavation technologies and others - surveys/researches on methods of evaluating environmental effects - surveys/researches on application systems; Gas hydrate shigenka gijutsu sendo kenkyu kaihatsu. Tansa nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu / kussaku gijutsu nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu / kankyo eikyo hyokaho no chosa kenkyu / riyo system ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Gas hydrate is a clathrate compound in a gaseous molecule as the host, stable under relatively mild environments. It is deposited in the 600m or deeper sea bottoms to form the gas hydrate deposit and massively occurring in the sea areas around Japan. This deposit has been studied viewed from natural gas resources, causes for natural hazards and contribution to the global warming. This project excavates a well in the deposit, to study possibilities of the technologies for decomposing, fluidizing and lifting the hydrate as the gas source, and for establishing the natural gas transporting/mooring systems in which its characteristics are utilized. The R and D activities are directed to the 4 areas, (1) development of the exploration technologies to determine the deposit sea area, quantity and conditions, (2) development of the stable well-excavation technologies, (3) studies on the effects of gas production on the environments, and development of the system for predicting the effects, (4) and studies on the application systems. The item (3) finds out the transportation/storage system possibly more economical than the current freezing/liquefaction technologies. The item (3) has the development themes of evaluating the geohazards caused by excavation and gas production, and their effects on the ecological systems. (NEDO)

Research and development project plans for FY 1995; 1995 nendo kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo keikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-04-01

The present research and development project plans for FY 1995 administrated by NEDO consist of research and development of new energy, and research and development of industrial technology. Are illustrated further enhancement of new energy introduction promotion measures, new stage of international projects, promotion of new energy and new energy technology development, further enhancement of industrial and scientific technology research and development, integrated measures against global and urban environment problems, and budget of NEDO projects in FY 1995. The research and development of new energy includes coal conversion technology, solar energy technology, geothermal energy technology, energy conversion and storage technology, hydrogen, alcohol and biomass energy technology, geothermal energy resources, coal resources development, new energy promotion department activities, NEDO information center activities, and so on. On the other hand, the research and development of industrial technology includes research and development of industrial technology, and global environment technology. The research and development of industrial technology consists of superconductivity, new materials, biotechnology, electronics, information and communications, machinery and aerospace, natural resources, humanity, life and society, and various leading researches.

Research and development for solar thermal energy system. Research on advanced solar component; Taiyonetsu energy system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Kiki no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, T; Doi, T; Takashima, T; Ando, Y; Masuda, T; Fujii, T [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for research on advanced solar components as part of research and development of solar thermal energy. The catalyst for liquid-film reactions is prepared, and the flask tests are conducted as the preliminary experiments for development of the reactor in which 2-propanol is fallen in liquid film over the catalyst dispersed to accelerate its decomposition. It is decomposable when fallen in liquid film even in the presence of 35% of acetone. The catalyst of ruthenium carried by activated coal is used to produce 2-propanol under an exothermic condition from acetone and hydrogen. Diisopropyl ether and 4-methyl-2-pentanone are produced as by-products, when the reactor tube is kept at 140 to 200{degree}C at the external wall, diminishing as temperature is increased. There is a temperature differential of 20 to 30{degree}C in the reactor tube between the center axis and external wall. 3 figs.

Prevalence rate of thyroid diseases among autopsy cases of the atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima, 1951-1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshimoto, Yasuhiko; Ezaki, Haruo; Etoh, Ryozo; Hiraoka, Toshio; Akiba, Suminori

1995-01-01

To examine the radiogenic risk of latent thyroid cancer, thyroid adenoma, colloid/adenomatous goiter and chronic thyroiditis, the date for 3821 subjects collected in the course of autopsies of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima from 1951 to 1985 by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) were analyzed using a logistic model. About 80% of the autopsies were performed at RERF and the remainder at local hospitals. The frequencies of the above diseases were not associated with whether the underlying cause of death was cancer. However, note that our results may be influenced by potentially biasing factors associated with autopsy selection. The relative frequency of latent thyroid cancer (greatest dimension ≤1.5 cm but detectable on a routine microscopic slide of the thyroid gland) increased as the radiation dose increased and was about 1.4-fold greater at 1 Gy than in the 0-Gy dose group. The relative occurrence of thyroid adenoma also increased as radiation dose increased, and was about 1.5-fold greater at 1 Gy than in the 0-Gy dose group. Sex, age at the time of the bombing or period of observation did not significantly modify the radiogenic risks for thyroid adenoma or latent thyroid cancer. No statistically significant association was found between radiation exposure and the rates of colloid/adenomatous goiter and chronic thyroiditis. The possible late effect of atomic bomb radiation on the frequency of benign thyroid diseases is discussed on the basis of these data. 38 refs., 2 figs., 5 tabs

FY 1998 report on the R and D of the industrial science technology. R and D of synergy ceramics; 1998 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Hazardous ingredients in gases exhausted from diesel, refuse treatment facilities, etc. are becoming the problem. The development is expected of porous ceramic films which have functions of separation/purification at high temperature. By making good use of the technology to synthesize ceramic films with uniform through pores of several ten nm order and the technology to form 1D through pores of several ten - 100{mu} m order, the development of the following technologies were made and are in sight: enhancement of functions of gas separation/purification, function of catalyst-carrying to be given, porous film formation/base material fabrication. For the commercialization of high performance structure use ceramic parts, required is innovation of the production method by which the production cost is reduced without damaging the characteristics. Technologies were used of micro-fine raw materials, rapid sintering, texture assessment, analysis, etc., and study was made of cost reduction in high performance ceramic parts. For energy conservation by reducing the sintering temperature, the following were trially conducted: mechanical ironing, use of low grade raw material, use of superplastic reformation and forging, etc. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'three-dimensional circuit elements'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'sanjigen kairo soshi'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-04-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to three-dimensional circuit elements that integrate functions at ultra-high density. For the basic technology of lamination, the SOI technology suitable for the three-dimensional circuit elements was developed, and it has become possible to manufacture high-quality multi-layered crystalline structure by means of annealing that uses laser and electron beam. In addition, a lateral epitaxial technology for solid phase was developed, and the base to be applied to the three-dimensional circuit elements was established. Furthermore, the technology to put thin film circuits together would be useful for high-density integration in the future. The three-dimensional circuit makes parallel processing in each segment possible, whereas a possibility was shown that the processing can be performed at much higher speed than before. Actually a prototype three-dimensional circuit equipped with functions for parallel processing and judgment processing was fabricated. The image pre-processing which has been impossible on the real time basis in the conventional two-dimensional integrated circuit was realized in a speed as fast as milli-second order. These achievements lead to a belief that the targets for the present research and development have been achieved. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'composite materials'. Evaluation on final research and development (interim report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukugo zairyo (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

Development was made on a technology to evaluate quality of composite materials. Few data are available for environmental resistance of composite materials, whereas identification of environmental deterioration behavior and establishment of a environmental resistance evaluating technology are a significant issue in utilizing these materials as new materials for space, aeronautics, and marine applications in the future. The present research was taken up with objectives to elucidate deterioration behavior of composite materials exposed to special environment in the atmosphere and space and to establish methods for acceleration tests and environmental performance evaluation by using simulated environments equivalent to the natural environment exposure. The former period (fiscal 1982 through 1984) has investigated environmental conditions in the atmosphere and space, prepared standard test specimens, performed design on environmental devices simulating the environmental elements, as well as tests on deterioration due to environmental elements, and systematized the deterioration characteristics to establish composite test conditions. The latter period (fiscal 1985 through 1988) has developed the composite environment testing device based on the result achieved in the former period, elucidated the deterioration behavior under the composite environmental conditions, and performed evaluation tests on the developed composite materials (FRP). (NEDO)

Research and development of a high-temperature superconducting flywheel energy storage system. Research and development of the New Sunshine Program; Furaihoiru denryoku chozo shisutemu kenkyu kaihatsu. Nyu sanshain keikaku ni motozuku kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakagawa, Y. [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-25

The project conducted by NEDO for developing a high-temperature superconducting flywheel energy storage system is introduced; the two test results of fundamental studies are described. One is the measurement of levitation force and rotation loss of superconducting magnetic bearings composed of oxide superconducting bulks and permanent magnet composite. Two types of superconducting magnetic bearings. axial and radial types, were fabricated and tested. The other test was the fabrication and testing of two functional models. A small-sized superconducting flywheel model of the 0.5 kWh class was fabricated and tested. A medium-sized rotating functional model of the 10 kWh class was fabricated as well. (author)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Study of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo suiso denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on low-cost electrode materials, the physical properties and electrode characteristics were studied of the prototype hydrogen absorbing alloys prepared by substituting Cu or Ni for Co in Mm(Ni-Co-Mn-Al)5 (Mm: mixture of rare earth elements). The result clarified that it is difficult to reduce Co content in the alloy to 0.4 atom or less. Simple heat treatment and milling processes in production of hydrogen absorbing alloy electrodes were achieved by adopting an improved metal mold and gas atomization method. Characteristics and cycle life of the Ni positive electrode prepared by applying active paste material of Ni(OH)2 were studied, however, the result showed only lives of nearly 300 cycles. (2) On the study on electrode structure for high-performance (long-life) battery, the 3-D porous metal electrode support was evaluated, and various battery configurations were studied. 11 figs., 1 tab.

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'composite materials'. Evaluation on final research and development (final report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukugo zairyo (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

This paper carries the specifications for advanced composites in the investigation (SACOI), and lists the titles and organizations and persons in charge. The paper describes the specifications for test and measurement methods for each title. The titles are: testing methods of matrix resins for carbon fiber reinforced plastics, measurement method for thermogravimetry and glass transition temperature for the same plastics, measuring methods for specific gravity, fiber and void contents of carbon fiber reinforced plastics, testing methods for tensile properties, compression properties, apparent interlaminar shear strength, tension fatigue, interlaminar fracture toughness, crack propagation, high velocity impact, izod impact, and environmental resistance for the same plastics, evaluation methods for hot-press formability of prepreg, autoclave formability of prepreg for the same plastics, measuring methods for tex count, density, and fiber volume fraction of wire preform, testing methods for tensile strength at room temperature, tensile strength at elevated temperature of wire preform, measuring methods for thermal expansion coefficient, tension properties, compression properties, tensile shear strength, interlaminar shear strength, in-plane shear strength, tensile fatigue, high velocity impact and regular impact of wire preform. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium R and D. Third year report. R and D of the transversal maintenance technology; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu. Odanteki maintenance gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 3 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of eliminating bad effects of the maintenance/management of equipment/facilities of plants which are made separately and of heightening efficiency of work and improving technology, persons in charge of maintenance/management, persons requesting maintenance/management and official research institutes proceeded as one with the construction of a system doing maintenance/management work. Concretely, three parties cooperated in integration and enhancement of element technologies such as inspection/diagnosis and arrangement/repair and developed the maintenance/management system (maintenance center) which does not specify objects. Based on this system, development was made of the network connecting between the center and facilities, diagnosis car, and multi-functional repair car. Studies were made on the following three. As to the system development, conducted were the development of a deterioration mode prediction system, basic structuring of a remote maintenance network, and making of fatigue/corrosion/abrasion database. Concerning the tool development, technology to foresee damages on the static portion such as piping, etc. were developed. In the study of field application, conducted were analysis of maintenance flow, development of retrieval system of equipment parts/personnel/operation procedures and multi-functional repair car, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the international standardization R and D. R and D of a mobile office system (R and D of next generation mobile business terminals); 1997 nendo seika hokokusho kokusai hyojun soseigata kenkyu kaihatsu. Mobile office system no kenkyu kaihatsu (jisedai keitai joho kiki no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This R and D is aimed firstly at trially developing next generation mobile business terminals (MBT) based on the technical standards of MBT of which the standards were completed in the fiscal 1996 R and D of Mobile Office Promotion Association (MOPA), secondly at developing an evaluation method for trial terminals and establishing the technical standards of MBT through data communication among different terminals and confirmation of application motions, and thirdly at promoting the international standardization. The study was conducted in the following procedures: 1) making of a comprehensive examination-standardization working group, determination of the use of trial terminals and the MBT evaluation method; 2) trial development of the MBT standards and prototypes; 3) study of the MBT evaluation method; 4) evaluation test on the prototypes; 5) comprehensive evaluation. As the fruit of the study, the evaluation/test specifications were completed, and the evaluation tests among different terminals were conducted. As a result of the evaluation test, the transplantation of MBT managers was done almost with no problems. The MBT adaptability evaluation test was also done almost without problems. 6 figs., 6 tabs.

Achievement report on industrial science and technology research and development in fiscal 2000. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Research and development of technology to prevent corrosion in petroleum production systems); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Achievements in fiscal 2000 were put into order for research and development of synergy ceramics aimed at completion of high temperature energy materials and ultra-precision materials. Activities were taken in the following four areas: 1) materialization technologies and advanced assessment and design technologies, 2) application technologies, 3) common basic technologies, and 4) assessment on composite function manifestation process. In Item 1), discussions were given on ultra-precision materials, high temperature energy materials, member designing basic technologies, materials to detect stress and microfine destruction, pore pattern controlling porous materials, and self-restoration and self-lubrication functioning materials. In Item 2), discussions were given on material and light selection functioning materials, high abrasion resistant and easy-to-process materials, high performance resistance materials for electric power devices, and flexible sliding materials. In the material and light selection functioning materials, their material selecting function was manifested by controlling micro pores through xerogelation on inorganic and organic hybrids. In the assessment of the composite function manifesting process, the wet type forming process was assessed, that uses microfine powder for model parts assuming cut members. (NEDO)

FY 2000 research and development of fundamental technologies for AC superconducting power devices. R and D of fundamental technologies for superconducting power cables and faults current limiters, R and D of superconducting magnets for power applications, and study on the total systems and related subjects; 2000 nendo koryu chodendo denryoku kiki kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chodendo soden cable kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo genryuki kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu, denryokuyo chodendo magnet no kenkyu kaihatsu, total system nado no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The project for research and development of fundamental technologies for AC superconducting power devices has been started, and the FY 2000 results are reported. The R and D of fundamental technologies for superconducting power cables include grasping the mechanical characteristics associated with integration necessary for fabrication of large current capacity and long cables; development of barrier cable materials by various methods; and development of short insulated tubes as cooling technology for long superconducting cables, and grasping its thermal/mechanical characteristics. The R and D of faults current limiters include introduction of the unit for superconducting film fabrication, determination of the structures and layouts for large currents, and improvement of performance of each device for high voltages. R and D of superconducting magnets for power applications include grasping the fundamental characteristics of insulation at cryogenic temperature, completion of the insulation designs for high voltage/current lead bushing, and development of prototype sub-cooled nitrogen cooling unit for cooling each AC power device. Study on the total systems and related subjects include analysis for stabilization of the group model systems, to confirm improved voltage stability when the superconducting cable is in service. (NEDO)

Activation measurements for fast neutrons. Part A. Sulfur (32P) activation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerr, George D.

2005-01-01

The sulfur activation measurements at Hiroshima have been useful in refining and verifying the neutron source-term calculations for the Hiroshima bomb (Kerr and Pace 1988). For example, the Riken measurements of sulfur activation at Hiroshima were used to demonstrate that a two dimensional calculation of the neutron leakage was required for the Hiroshima bomb in order to accurately account for the blind spot in the neutron leakage through the nose of the device (Kerr 1982a,b; Kerr et al. 1983; Pace and Kerr 1984). The sulfur activation measurements at Hiroshima are discussed and compared in this section with the results of DS86 and DS02 calculations for the air-over-ground transport of neutrons at Hiroshima. (J.P.N.)

Fiscal 1997 R and D project under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the femtosecond technology; 1997 nendo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Femto byo technology no kenkyu kaihatsu (femto byo technology no kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Ultrahigh-speed electronic technology is indispensable for creating industrial basic technologies supporting the advanced information society in the 21st century. Control technology of photonic and electronic states in a femtosecond region is essential. To establish the development policy of generation and transmission devices for femtosecond light pulses, research and analysis were made on nonlinear optical response and light pulse transmission properties. Basic issues on devices and materials such as mode-locked semiconductor laser, pulse compression device and light-light modulation material for coding were extracted. For new femtosecond light pulse control/distribution devices, research and analysis were made on response properties of intersubband transition phenomena in a semiconductor and electron spin relaxation phenomena, and semiconductor quantum structure. To develop metrological technology using ultra-short light pulse, study was made on an evaluation method for time- fluctuation of pulses in 100 femtosecond level. Generation of femtosecond high-intensity X-ray pulse was possible by fine control of the existing high-intensity laser. 19 refs., 26 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on research and development of industrial technologies. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Development of energy use rationalization technology); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (energy shiyo gorika gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are made to develop self-complete type purification ceramic materials in which selection, separation, and purification functions are merged with the energy conversion function. Activities are conducted in the three fields of developing (1) materials derivation technology, (2) application technology, and (3) common base technology. In relation to selection, separation, and purification functions in field (1), studies are made about electrochemical cell structure control and cell constituting materials for enabling a high efficiency NOx purification reaction. As for the energy conversion function, studies are made about the improvement of characteristics of oxide based thermoelectric conversion materials and about changes in electrical output due to their development into cells. In a study of novel thermoelectric conversion materials, K{sub 2}NiF{sub 4} type Y{sub 0.33}Sr{sub 1.67}(Ni{sub 1-y}Co{sub y})O{sub 4-{sigma}} and Ce{sub 0.25}Sr{sub 1.75}(Ni{sub 1-y}M{sub y})O{sub 4-{sigma}} (M=Fe, Co) are synthesized, and electrical resistivity levels and Seebeck coefficients are determined at room temperature-800 degrees C in an oxygen current. Seebeck coefficients are found to be negative for all specimens, which shows that they are n-type conductors. Ce{sub 0.25}Sr{sub 1.75}(Ni{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 0.8})O{sub 4-{sigma}} exhibits the greatest output factor of 0.064 times 10{sup -4}Wm{sup -1}K{sup -2} (400 degrees C). (NEDO)

Report on results for fiscal 1996 on development of superconducting electric power application technology. Pt. 2. R and D of superconducting wire, R and D of superconducting generator, studies on total system, R and D of refrigeration system, and verification test; 1996 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu, total system no kenkyu, reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu, jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-01

In fiscal 1996, the initial cooling test and rotary excitation test were conducted for the 70,000kW slow-response type model machine, with the basic characteristics of the rotor verified such as the cooling characteristics, shaft vibration characteristics, mechanical strength, and superconductivity stability, and with the results of the studies explained. The rotor of the 70,000kW slow-response type model was installed in the test site, and the field test was carried out in 1997. For this purpose, research test was performed by the element technology of the model machine and the partial model. The technological development items, trial manufacture and test items were field winding, multi cylindrical rotor and damper. Upon the test results using the element and partial model, the design and manufacturing were implemented of the superconducting generator of a slow-response type excitation method with the output of 70,000kW class. Performed were the basic characteristic test, long-term operation test and severity test on the assumption of abnormality, verifying the characteristics and reliability of the generator as well as obtaining data concerning an excessive electromagnetic force and heat generation. From the test data and the analysis/evaluation results obtained on the model machine, the 200,000kW class pilot machine was reviewed in the conceptual design. (NEDO)

Report on results for fiscal 1997 on development of superconducting electric power application technology. Pt. 1. R and D of superconducting wire, R and D of superconducting generator, studies on total system, R and D of refrigeration system, and verification test; 1997 nendo chodendo denryoku oyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Chodendo senzai no kenkyu kaihatsu, chodendo hatsudenki no kenkyu kaihatsu, total system no kenkyu, reito system no kenkyu kaihatsu, jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-09-01

This report explains the outline as Part 1. In fiscal 1997, the 10th year of the project, a multi cylindrical rotary model for which an in-situ verification test was finished was brought back to the plant and dismantled for examination, while the in-situ verification test of a slow-response type model machine rotor was conducted in combination with a refrigeration system. In addition, in the research of AC wire materials and oxide based materials, studies were made with a purpose of high characterization and long wire materialization. In the metallic materials, a 10kANbTi conductor was developed while, in oxide-based materials, research was done on performance improvement and wire materialization based on various synthesizing methods. The manufacturing, factory test and in-situ text were conducted for a 70,000kW model machine with the purpose of R and D of a 200,000kW class pilot machine. Examination was made on the test method of the 70,000kW class model machine, operation technology of a superconducting generation system, and the effect of introducing the superconducting generator into a power system. In the conventional refrigeration system, a single unit test was carried out for the liquefaction, liquid storing capacity, etc., of the system. The 70,000kW class model machine was put through a test for confirming the general operation including the refrigeration system. (NEDO)

Clinical survey of blood dyscrasias among Hiroshima A-bomb survivors by the periodical health examination, (3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taketomi, Y; Abe, T; Kamada, N; Kuramoto, A; Takahashi, H [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology

1978-04-01

The actual condition of polycythemia in atomic bomb survivors was evaluated laying stress on the results of general clinical examinations in Hiroshima A-bomb Survivors Health Control Clinic in 1973. Of 40,410 subjects examined in 1973 (male 15,390; female 25,020), 218 males and 220 females, 438 in total, excluding the patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, satisfied the criteria for polycythemia that males show higher values over 17.1 g/dl of Hb and 51.5% of Ht and females over 15.2 g/dl of Hb and 46.0% of Ht. The incidence of this disease was higher in younger males but it increased with age in females. However, there was no correlationship between the incidence of this disease and the distance from the epicenter. Further, 10 males and 8 females, 18 in total, of these patients satisfied the Komiya's criteria for polycythemia (RBC 6,000,000, Ht 50% in males, and RBC 5,500,000, Ht>50% in females) in 1973 or before, and one of them was diagnosed as polycythemia vera by the present examination (1977). This survey was made on 40,410 subjects, one of which was diagnosed as polycythemia vera. Because of a lower incidence of polycythemia than that of leukemia, it was difficult to give an accurate diagnosis and it was also hard to evaluate the incidence of this disease in atomic bomb survivors comparing with that in healthy people. It is therefore required to pile up the data year after year. In various blood diseases such as chronic myelogenic leukemia and acute leukemia, the foregoing state of myeloid proliferation was sometimes observed preceding the onset of these blood diseases. Therefore, the 18 cases at least which satisfied the Komiya's criteria should be followed up carefully.

Clinical survey of blood dyscrasias among Hiroshima A-bomb survivors by the periodical health examination, (3)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taketomi, Yoshinori; Abe, Tsutomu; Kamada, Nanao; Kuramoto, Atsushi; Takahashi, Hiroshi

1978-01-01

The actual condition of polycythemia in atomic bomb survivors was evaluated laying stress on the results of general clinical examinations in Hiroshima A-bomb Survivors Health Control Clinic in 1973. Of 40,410 subjects examined in 1973 (male 15,390; female 25,020), 218 males and 220 females, 438 in total, excluding the patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, satisfied the criteria for polycythemia that males show higher values over 17.1 g/dl of Hb and 51.5% of Ht and females over 15.2 g/dl of Hb and 46.0% of Ht. The incidence of this disease was higher in younger males but it increased with age in females. However, there was no correlationship between the incidence of this disease and the distance from the epicenter. Further, 10 males and 8 females, 18 in total, of these patients satisfied the Komiya's criteria for polycythemia (RBC 6,000,000, Ht 50% in males, and RBC 5,500,000, Ht>50% in females) in 1973 or before, and one of them was diagnosed as polycythemia vera by the present examination (1977). This survey was made on 40,410 subjects, one of which was diagnosed as polycythemia vera. Because of a lower incidence of polycythemia than that of leukemia, it was difficult to give an accurate diagnosis and it was also hard to evaluate the incidence of this disease in atomic bomb survivors comparing with that in healthy people. It is therefore required to pile up the data year after year. In various blood diseases such as chronic myelogenic leukemia and acute leukemia, the foregoing state of myeloid proliferation was sometimes observed preceding the onset of these blood diseases. Therefore, the 18 cases at least which satisfied the Komiya's criteria should be followed up carefully. (Ueda, J.)

Intraocular pressure readings obtained through soft contact lenses using four types of tonometer

OpenAIRE

Takenaka J; Kunihara E; Rimayanti U; Tanaka J; Kaneko M; Kiuchi Y

2015-01-01

Joji Takenaka,1 Eriko Kunihara,1 Ulfah Rimayanti,2 Junko Tanaka,3 Makoto Kaneko,4 Yoshiaki Kiuchi1 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 2Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Alauddin Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; 3Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 4Graduate Schoo...

Airway inflammation in Japanese COPD patients compared with smoking and nonsmoking controls

OpenAIRE

Ishikawa, Nobuhisa; Hattori, Noboru; Kohno, Nobuoki; Kobayashi, Akihiro; Hayamizu, Tomoyuki; Johnson, Malcolm

2015-01-01

Nobuhisa Ishikawa,1 Noboru Hattori,2 Nobuoki Kohno,2 Akihiro Kobayashi,3 Tomoyuki Hayamizu,4 Malcolm Johnson5 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; 2Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 3Biomedical Data Science Department, 4Medical Affairs Respiratory Department, GlaxoSmithKline Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 5Respiratory Global Franchise, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK Purpose: To assess the impor...

Research and development of a superconducting flywheel power storage system in fiscal 1998. Research and development of rotation control technology; 1998 nendo koon chodendo flywheel denryoku chozo kenkyu kaihatsu. Kaiten seigyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

Element technology research was performed on 'rotation control' aimed at practical application of a 10-MW class high-temperature superconducting flywheel power storage system. As part of the research, researches were carried out on small-size and middle-size models, low-loss control type magnetic bearing, and large-size models. For the small-size model, as a result of performing performance tests on the protective bearing by using a testing machine, it was revealed that the model is free of problems in the test for up to 5000 rpm. For the middle-size model, fabrication and installation were completed on a middle-size rotation control testing equipment having CFRP-made flywheel with a diameter of 1 m. In the control type bearing, as a result of adopting a homo-polar type magnetic pole, the rotation loss was reduced to about 1/5 of that of a hetero-polar type. The amount is about 75 W (12000 rpm) when the bias current is 1.5 A. Concept design was implemented on a 2-MWh flywheel bearing system supported with a high-temperature superconducting magnetic bearing as a full-size flywheel. The CFRP-made flywheel has a diameter of 4 m, and a circumferential velocity of 1200 m. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'electrically conductive polymeric material'. Evaluation on second term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Dodensei kobunshi zairyo (dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

The research and development in the second term included development of raw materials, elucidation of electricity conduction mechanism, and development of methods to improve stability and a new processing method. Crystals of a large number of charge migrating complexes were grown to elucidate their electron properties and structures. A theoretical model was structured for the superconduction mechanism in the charge migrating complexes. Poly-p-phenylene vinylene-based polymers achieved {sigma}=1.1 times 10{sup 4}s/cm as a result of extension of soluble reaction intermediates. Poly-2, 5-phenylene vinylene doped with FeCl{sub 3} retained 10{sup 3}s/m for 165 days in nitrogen. Polypyrrole achieved 3.0 times 10{sup 3}s/cm in constant potential electrolytically oxidizing polymerization and extension at low temperatures. Polypyrrole doped with ClO{sub 4}{sup -} retained electric conductivity of 85% for 400 days in nitrogen. Electric conductivity of higher than 10{sup 5}s/cm was obtained by applying different kinds of doping into thin film and fiber formed graphite. The world's highest conductivity of 9 times 10{sup 5}s/cm was achieved particularly with discharge laminated and polymerized graphite doped with AsF{sub 5}. (NEDO)

Research and development of the industrial basic techniques of the next generation. Composite materials (Final research and development evaluation / Part 1); Jisedai dangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukugo zairyo (Saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

This R and D project is aimed at development of highly functional materials for aerospace devices, bringing into focus research and development of resin-based composite materials (FRPs), metal-based composite materials (FRMs), and evaluation of their properties and their design techniques. The basic target properties are heat resistance temperature of 250 degrees C or higher and tensile strength of 240 kg/mm{sup 2} or more for the FRPs, and heat resistance temperature of 450 degrees C or higher and tensile strength of 150 kgf/mm{sup 2} or more for the FRMs. This R and D program has been implemented for 8 years for development of raw materials, molding/processing techniques, quality evaluation and designs through information exchange and discussions of the experts in each area under integrated, close cooperation from raw materials to molding/processing. Most of the data indicate that the target properties and objects are satisfied or exceeded. It is therefore concluded that this project for the composite materials, extending for 8 years in 3 phases, has sufficiently achieved the initial objects. The unique techniques are incorporated in the raw materials, molding/processing processes, quality evaluation and designs. These efforts have produced the FRPs and FRMs of the world highest qualities. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'recombinant DNA utilizing technology'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'kumikae DNA riyo gijutsu'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to the recombinant DNA utilizing technology to create new microorganisms for processes in the chemical industry. The major achievements of the present research and development include establishment of the P450 gene manifestation system attributed from microsomes and mitochondria, and the success of the world's first simultaneous manifestation of P450 and reduction enzyme. Furthermore, the fused enzyme combining P450 and the reduction enzyme genetically was successfully manufactured ahead of the other countries, opening the way to industrializing the recombinant enzymes for use in bio-processes in the chemical industry. In creating a high-efficiency secretion recombinant bacillus subtilis stock, a bacillus subtilis host whose protease activity has been noticeably decreased was created. As an achievement of the research on the 'basic recombinant DNA technology', high-efficiency manifestation vector of medium level thermophile was created, and its usefulness was demonstrated. In addition, a host and vector system for high level thermophile was developed for the first time in the world. These achievements have opened the way to industrial utilization of the thermophilic bacteria. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo redox denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the production method of electrolyte, silica reduction treatment was attempted to use ammonium metavanadate recovered from boiler as electrolyte of redox flow battery. Silica removal rates more than 90% were achieved by crystallizing V as polyvanadate while keeping molten silica. It was ascertained in minicell experiment that trivalent and quadrivalent V electrolytes produced from recovered V are applicable to continuous charge/discharge operation for one week. (2) On development of battery systems, the relation between battery characteristics and physicochemical properties of carbon fiber electrodes was studied to improve carbon fiber electrodes. The efficiency of 80% was achieved at current density of 160mA/cm{sup 2} by use of layered electrodes, resulting in considerable cost reduction. Performance evaluation operation of the 2kW battery prepared in the last fiscal year was also carried out. 4 figs.

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'electrically conductive polymeric material'. Evaluation on first term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Dodensei kobunshi zairyo (daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The research and development in the first term has searched widely different kinds of raw materials, elucidated electricity conduction mechanism, discussed processing technologies and evaluation methods. It also included molecule designing to develop new raw materials. A method for growing good single crystals of charge migrating complexes was developed, and (BEDT-TTF){sub 2}I{sub 3} crystals were found to manifest superconductivity at 8K under pressure of 1.3 kbar. In addition, elucidation was made on conduction characteristics of (TMTSF){sub 2}ClO{sub 4} being an induction superconductor, and on its superconduction mechanism. Polyacetylene films oriented at a high level by epitaxial polymerization were synthesized, the carrier hopping mechanism of polyacetylene was proposed, and the direction of increasing the conductivity was shown. It was discovered that cyanoacetylene is thermally polymerized at a relatively low temperature, turning into polymer with good orientation and easily into graphite. Polymeric intermediates soluble to polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV) were synthesized, whereas these intermediates were found to have shaping and stretching properties, and conductivity of 2.8 times 10{sup 3}s/cm was obtained in PPV doped after the stretching. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Interface studies of amorphous silicon; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Amorphous silicon kaimen no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konagai, M [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on interface of amorphous silicon for solar cells. In research on amorphous solar cells using ZnO for transparent electrically conductive films, considerations were given on a growth mechanism of a ZnO film using the MOCVD process. It was made clear that the ZnO film grows with Zn(OH)2 working as a film forming species. It was also shown that the larger the ZnO particle size is, the more the solar cell efficiency is improved. Furthermore, theoretical elucidation was made on effects of rear face of an interface on cell characteristics, and experimental discussions were given subsequently. In research on solar cells using hydrogen diluted `i` layers, delta-doped solar cells were fabricated based on basic data obtained in the previous fiscal year, and the hydrogen dilution effect was evaluated from the cell characteristics. When the hydrogen dilution ratio is increased from zero to one, the conversion efficiency has improved from 12.2% to 12.6%. In addition, experiments and discussions were given on solar cells fabricated by using SiH2Cl2. 9 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of production of low-cost monosilane); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (tei cost monosilane seizoho no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

A low-cost production method is developed for monosilane as a cell film material, 99.9995% pure at a manufacturing cost of 4,500 yen/kg (100 ton/year unit). An experimental unit with a maximum capacity of 1m{sup 3}/H (1 ton/month) gas production is built, and whether it is practical will be clarified by the end of fiscal 1983. The whole monosilane production process, consisting of the electrolysis of eutectic liquid of Li chloride and K chloride, hydrogenation of Li to be generated by the electrolysis, and the generation of monosilane through the reaction of the hydrogenated Li and silicon tetrachloride, proceeds in one large molten salt tub. The chlorine from the electrolysis and Si as material comes into reaction in a salination furnace for the generation of silicon tetrachloride to be supplied to the process. Minor tests are made involving pressure control, distance between the electrodes and the effect of the diaphragm, stirring in the hydrogenation chamber, dust in the monosilane generation chamber, and the insulation of the cathode lead rod, and the results are reflected on the process of experimental unit designing and building. The unit has harm neutralizing facilities for safety assurance because much hydrogen and a little chloride are consumed while the unit is in operation, with some silicon tetrachloride to be retained in the unit. An infrared absorption method is used to analyze impurities in the monosilane gas, when the method exhibits a capability of detecting 2ppm of methane. (NEDO)

Industrial science and technology research and development institutions in fiscal 2000. Research and development of human media (Report on achievements in research and development of high-level information system for petroleum plant); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seido. Human media no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (sekiyu plant kodo johoka system gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Having selected a petroleum refining plant as a large and complex system, a system was developed, that is capable of operating safely and efficiently a plant even by young operators by utilizing the human media technology that realizes information environment having a sense of unity with humans. With this system, if an anomaly is detected in the plant condition, the agent and the operator talk with each other freely, and necessary items of information are displayed on a large screen from moment to moment according to the priority thereof. Activities were taken in the following nine areas: 1) the total system, 2) research on an interface agent, 3) research on hypothetic plant indication interface, 4) research on a discrete cooperative treatment technology, 5) research on plant models and interface systems, 6) research on plant ontology, 7) research on significance indication interface, 8) improvement of tools to structure a large-screen integrated indication system, and 9) investigations on technological trends in foreign countries. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report of the R and D result of industrial science and technology. R and D on synergy ceramics (R and D on an ultrahigh-temperature gas turbine for power generation); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden`yo chokoon gas turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

For development of high-efficiency power generation gas turbines using petroleum substituting energy, the process technology which can highly harmonize conflicting characteristics and various functions was developed for new ceramic materials. This paper summarizes the result in fiscal 1997. On design technology of the characteristics harmonizing process, the design and synthesis of ceramic precursors were made by using chemical reaction of metal organics. On analysis of fracture behavior by controlling microscopic and macroscopic particle shapes, orientations were observed by convergent ion beam. On control technology of a structure formation process, study was made on continuous pore shape control to form porous material with uni-directionally arranged pores in ceramic matrix, interface control between particles to decrease a plastic deformation temperature and improve a heat insulation, interface control between phases of a rare-earth silicate/silicon-carbide-based composite, boundary control between layers of piezoelectric ceramics, and boundary control of the composite where inorganic-organic hybrids occupy the interface between ceramic particles. 79 refs., 193 figs., 15 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the R and D of industrial scientific technology. R and D of synergistic ceramics (R and D of corrosion prevention technology for the petroleum production system); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

To heighten durability and safety of materials/parts for undersea oil drilling, the development of ceramic base materials was made by developing function harmony type process technology which harmonizes on a high grade contrary characteristics and various functions. The paper summed up the fiscal 1997 results. In the design of system formation, computational simulation technology was developed to the composite process and the diploid system. The development of multifunction simultaneous manifestation materials was trially made by the higher nano structure process. A study was made of control of microstructures of porous materials and matrix filling by the gas phase precipitation control. Proposed were selective control of grain growth from species crystals and the columnar particle orientation laminated structure of simultaneous manifestation of strength and toughness. By composite precipitation reaction control, studied were simultaneous dispersion of whisker and increase in density of matrixes, and harmonization with long fibers. Silicon nitride was trially made with low lubrication/friction coefficients and high strength. A simulation method for crack progress behavior evaluation was developed using a testing notched specimen heterogeneous microstructures. Analyses were made of brittle fracture mechanics and reliability evaluation. 273 refs., 344 figs., 29 tabs.

Public health nutritional studies on the atomic bomb female survivors living in Hiroshima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Munaka, Masaki (Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology)

1983-08-01

The dietary life and socio-economic status of atomic bomb female survivors living in Hiroshima were investigated. The atomic bomb survivors group exposed at a long distance (LDG) was found to take a great quantity of soybean curd, miso and fruit except citrus, while the atomic bomb survivors group exposed at a short distance (SDG) was found to take a significant amount of fish paste products. SDG tends to ingest processed food and in nutrient supply rate the percentage of calcium, iron and vitamin A is low. Judging from a state of food group without a meal rate, we got the result that SDG has a few kinds of ingestion food and takes them partially in each meal. In terms of socio-economic status, the rate of living alone, supporting oneself and living an empty life is high and the rate of living with a partner is low. On the other hand, we analysed the relations of three factors on physique.physical fitness and living status, and then got the following results. (1) ''Volume capacity'', in the cases of ''be married at present'', ''have a large family'', ''ingest a lot of protein and iron'', tends to be large, while in the cases of ''have no dis ease'', ''don't go without a meal'', ''ingest a lot of carbohydrates (non-fibrous)'', and ''nutr itional balance is good'', it tends to be small. (2) ''Height'', in the case of ''socio-economical status was good before exposure to the atomic bomb'', tends to increase. (3) ''Synthetic physical fitness'', in the cases of ''health condition is good at present'', ''have no disease at present'', ''ingest a lot of vitamin A'' and ''nutritional balance is good'', tends to be superior; in the cases of ''food cost is high

Research and development of turbofan engine for supersonic aircraft. Choonsokukiyo turbofan engine no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yashima, S [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1992-01-01

This paper described the researched results of the demonstrator of a turbofan engine for supersonic aircraft (IHI-17). A turbofan engine with an afterburner was experimentally fabricated and various engine tests have been carried out since 1988. Although the engine size is small, the fighter engine specifications were applied to its design and the prior or simultaneous research on each component was carried out. As a result, the system integration technique by which an engine was assembled by integrating each component could be established. New materials and new manufacturing techniques such as turbine blades of single crystal, turbine disks of powder metallurgy and deep chemical milling for a duct were developed to use for the long term engine test and the prospect to commercialization could be obtained. The following techniques have been established and the results satisfying target specifications could be achieved: the three dimensional aerodynamic design of compressor and turbine, the adoption of air blast fuel atomizer to suppress the smoke generation, an afterburner of spray bar system and the mounting type FADEC (full authority digital electronic control) to control the engine with the afterburner. 4 refs., 15 figs., 4 tabs.

Study on development of adsorbent of acetaldehyde; Acetaldehyde yo kyuchakuzai no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noda, T. [Nippon Steel Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Suzuki, M. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Institute of Industrial Science

1997-07-10

The adsorption of acetaldehyde by porous ceramics impregnated with hydrazinium aluminum sulfate (HAS) is studied. Silicagel, activated alumina, activated clay, and activated carbon are compared, and it is found that silicagel and activated clay are suitable as a substrate for HAS impregnated adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism of acetaldehyde by the adsorbent is believed to be one in which acetaldehyde reacts with hydrazinium and yields acetaldazine. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at low acetaldehyde concentration of 0.1 ppm was as large as 1.36 mol/kg. This adsorption capacity at 0.1 ppm acetaldehyde concentration is remarkably larger than that of conventional activated carbon. Hydrazinium decomposes easily in the air because it is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxygen or carbon dioxide. But hydrazinium impregnated on porous ceramics with HAS becomes more stable and maintains reactivity with acetaldehyde for longer than six months. An adsorbent made of porous ceramics impregnated with HAS is useful as a deodorant for acetaldehyde. 8 refs., 6 figs., 6 tabs.

Incidence of leukemia among atomic bomb survivors in relation to neutron and gamma dose, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-71

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishimaru, Toranosuke; Otake, Masanori; Ichimaru, Michito.

1978-03-01

The incidence of leukemia during 1950-71 in the fixed mortality sample of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been analyzed as a function of individual gamma and neutron kerma and marrow dose. Two dose response models were tested for each of acute leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and all types of leukemia, respectively. Each model postulates that leukemia incidence depends upon the sum of the separate risks imposed by the gamma ray and neutron doses; in Model I both are assumed to be directly proportional to the respective doses, while Model II assumes that while the risk from neutrons is directly proportional to the dose, the risk from gamma rays is proportional to dose-squared. Weighted regression analyses were performed for each model. When the two models were fitted to the data for all types of leukemia, the estimated regression coefficients corresponding to the neutron and gamma ray doses both differed significantly from zero, for each model. However, when analysis was restricted to acute leukemia, both the neutron and gamma ray coefficients were significant only for Model II, and with respect to chronic granulocytic leukemia, only the coefficient of the neutron dose was significant, using either Model I or Model II. It appeared that the responses of the two leukemia types differed by type of radiation. If the chronic granulocytic and acute leukemias are considered together, the Model II appears to fit the data slightly better than Model I, but neither models is rejected by the data. (author)

Fiscal 2000 regional consortium research and development project - regional new technology creation research and development. Massive rapid identification of gene functions; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Idenshi kino no tairyo jinsoku dotei ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are exerted to develop a system for massive and rapid identification of unknown genes through the utilization of techniques based on the unusual membrane fusion characteristics of HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan), which enables the introduction of genes efficiently and uniformly into cultured cells and living organs (development into a kit). Activities are conducted in the three fields of (1) the development of a method for introducing genes using an HVJ envelop vector, (2) a survey of kit marketing and cold storage facilities in the selling and distribution of the kit, and (3) a comprehensive survey. In the field of (1), studies are conducted for the establishment of methods for HVJ envelop vector production and refining, the establishment of an optimized method for encapsulating genes into the HVJ envelop vector, and the introduction of genes into cultured central neurons using the HVJ envelop vector system. A refining method has been established, which comprises the inoculation of HVJ into eggs, 4-day culture, egg cutting, liquid sampling (chorioallantoic liquid), inactivation (addition of alkylating agent), filtration, enrichment (ultrafiltration), and an anion exchange chromatogram. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 regional consortium research and development project - regional new technology creation research and development. Development of bio-recycling technology for bio-wastes; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seibutsukei haikibutsu no bio recycle gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are exerted to develop a closed brewing system for 'shochu (a Japanese distilled liquor)' and vinegar and a non-combustion type thermal recycling system based on the methane fermentation of farm animal's excretion and sludge. Activities are conducted in the three fields of (1) the development of a zero emission shochu and vinegar brewing process, (2) development of a non-combustion type thermal recycling method, and (3) a commercialization plan. Studied in field (1) are the brewing of 'shochu' by a new process (kaeshi-shikomi), preparation of vinegar out of the lees of 'shochu' brewing, evaluation of the physiological activity of vinegar and 'shochu' lees, cost efficiency evaluation of zero emission 'shochu' and vinegar brewing processes, and the like. In field (2), the methane fermentation conditions for garbage, sludge, and farm animals' excretion are studied, and a non-combustion type thermal recycling process and the like are evaluated for cost efficiency. In field (3), marketability is studied for vinegar made by fermentation, actualities of the recycling of bio-wastes and energy recovery therefrom are examined, and marketability is studied for regional distributed power generation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 regional consortium research and development project - regional new technology creation research and development. Development of bio-recycling technology for bio-wastes; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seibutsukei haikibutsu no bio recycle gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are exerted to develop a closed brewing system for 'shochu (a Japanese distilled liquor)' and vinegar and a non-combustion type thermal recycling system based on the methane fermentation of farm animal's excretion and sludge. Activities are conducted in the three fields of (1) the development of a zero emission shochu and vinegar brewing process, (2) development of a non-combustion type thermal recycling method, and (3) a commercialization plan. Studied in field (1) are the brewing of 'shochu' by a new process (kaeshi-shikomi), preparation of vinegar out of the lees of 'shochu' brewing, evaluation of the physiological activity of vinegar and 'shochu' lees, cost efficiency evaluation of zero emission 'shochu' and vinegar brewing processes, and the like. In field (2), the methane fermentation conditions for garbage, sludge, and farm animals' excretion are studied, and a non-combustion type thermal recycling process and the like are evaluated for cost efficiency. In field (3), marketability is studied for vinegar made by fermentation, actualities of the recycling of bio-wastes and energy recovery therefrom are examined, and marketability is studied for regional distributed power generation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report of the R and D result of industrial science and technology. R and D on synergy ceramics (development of rational energy use technology); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (energy shiyo gorika gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

For rational use of energy resources, the process technology which allows harmonization and multiplication of conflicting characteristics was developed for development of new ceramic system materials. This paper summarizes the result in fiscal 1997. On a structural reaction process among creation technologies of ultra-reliable structure, study was made on structure control and hot-working technology through atmosphere control in ceramics synthesis. On basic technology for analysis and evaluation, study was made on the effect of particle bridging on strengthening and toughening of ceramic materials. Study was also made on a toughness expression mechanism, FEM model analysis of particle bridging, and crack growth resistance of ceramics. On control of solid solution precipitation, new alumina ceramics with high strength, hardness and wear resistance was obtained by transgranularly precipitating nano-size particles from a fine-grain high-density matrix through an improved particle formation process. Its toughness was considerably improved by controlling grain shape and grain boundary structure. A precipitation mechanism was also discussed. 89 refs., 107 figs., 14 tabs.

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'composite materials'. Evaluation on final research and development (final report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukugo zairyo (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

This paper carries the specifications for advanced composites in the investigation (SACOI), and lists the titles and organizations and persons in charge. The paper describes the specifications for test and measurement methods for each title. The titles are: testing methods of matrix resins for carbon fiber reinforced plastics, measurement method for thermogravimetry and glass transition temperature for the same plastics, measuring methods for specific gravity, fiber and void contents of carbon fiber reinforced plastics, testing methods for tensile properties, compression properties, apparent interlaminar shear strength, tension fatigue, interlaminar fracture toughness, crack propagation, high velocity impact, izod impact, and environmental resistance for the same plastics, evaluation methods for hot-press formability of prepreg, autoclave formability of prepreg for the same plastics, measuring methods for tex count, density, and fiber volume fraction of wire preform, testing methods for tensile strength at room temperature, tensile strength at elevated temperature of wire preform, measuring methods for thermal expansion coefficient, tension properties, compression properties, tensile shear strength, interlaminar shear strength, in-plane shear strength, tensile fatigue, high velocity impact and regular impact of wire preform. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D on high performance industrial furnace, etc.; 1999 nendo koseino kogyoro no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koseino kogyoro nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In the development of high performance industrial furnace, initial targets were achieved such as energy saving of 30%, downsizing of 20%, and a remarkable NOx reduction. To verify the achievement, the test field project is being worked on by NEDO. In FY 1998, 23 heating furnaces, 29 heat treat furnaces and 6 melting furnaces were under the project at energy saving effect of 52,000 kl converted to crude oil. In FY 1999, 18 heating furnaces, 26 heat treat furnaces and 7 melting furnaces are now under the project at energy saving effect of 57,000 kl. The project was awarded 'The 9th Nikkei Global Environmental Technology Prize.' The themes for the R and D are as follows: high efficiency exhaust heat utilization system, self-completion type high temperature/high radiation heating technology, technology to make heat transfer in steel heating suitable under non-stationary state, high efficiency heat transfer technology, technology to optimize the shape of heating furnace, high performance atmosphere heat treat furnace, high efficiency heat transfer technology by high temperature jet flame heating, technology of high efficiency aluminum melting furnace, technology to improve soaking degree in steel heating, high performance tubular heating furnace in oil refining, optimum combustion control technology of regenerative burner furnace, and laser measuring method inside industrial furnace. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next-generation industry. Ultimate evaluation report on research and development of highly crystalline polymeric material; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokesshosei kobunshi zairyo saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-05-01

Basic technologies are developed involving highly crystalline polymeric materials comparable to metals in dynamic property even when used singly. The aim is to expand the application scope of polymeric materials including those designed as structural materials so that their light weight, high resistance to corrosion, and excellent machinability may be utilized in various fields. Target performance includes an elastic modulus under bending force of 100GPa or more in anisotropic materials and 50GPa or more in isotropic materials, a linear expansion coefficient of 5 times 10{sup -5}/degrees C or less, and a thermal deformation temperature of 180 degrees C or more. Tasks faced in relation to film or molded articles of anisotropic materials are the rigid molecular design, molding method including molecular orientation control, and molecular complex technology; and, in isotropic materials, the strengthening of interaction between molecules, establishment of molding methods, and equipping materials with high machinability. After a 10-year/3-phase development endeavors, the initially intended goals are sufficiently achieved. To be mentioned are achievements involving the generation of multidimensionally bound diacetylene polymeric crystals, higher elastic modulus and moldability provided to polyarylate materials, magnetic field orientation, ultrahigh-elasticity layered body, and organic-inorganic ionically bonded complex material, etc. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'light-reactive materials'. Evaluation on the first term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'hikari hanno zairyo'. Daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-03-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to light-reactive materials that control the structures and status of aggregation of molecules by using actions of light, and can be used for ultra-high density recording, high resolution indication and light switches. In elucidating the mechanism of light deterioration reaction of photochromic molecules, it was disclosed that 6-nitrospirobenzopyran has the light deterioration caused from the excitation triplet state. This disclosure presents a possibility of preventing the light deterioration. New derivatives that show photochromism were synthesized, and thin films were produced by using the LB process. This indicates a possibility of producing the photochromic materials as the high multiplex recording material. With regard to PHB materials, an evaluation technology having spectrum resolution of the world's highest level was established and measurements were performed. Hole formation was verified for the first time in the world at the temperature higher than the liquid nitrogen temperature by using a PHB material of ionic porphin/polyvinyl alcohol systems. This verification indicates a feasibility of practically usable PHB materials. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'light-reactive materials'. Evaluation on the second term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'hikari hanno zairyo'. Dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Research and evaluation was performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to light-reactive materials that control the structures and status of aggregation of molecules by using actions of light, and can be used for ultra-high density recording, high resolution indication and light switches. In elucidating the basic characteristics of photochromic materials, a non-destructively readable recording system was proposed and demonstrated, highly durable and high-functional photochromic compounds were developed, and a number of material design guidelines were accumulated to realize characteristics required in light-beam recording. With regard to development of the photochromic materials, realization of photochromic thin films that can record wavelengths in multiplex manner has become more realistic. For elucidating basic characteristics of PHB materials, a method for evaluation from a number of directions including the time method for photon echo was established in addition to the conventional frequency recording characteristics. Regarding the elucidation of the PHB phenomenon, demonstration was carried out on intermediate zone structure control in diversified material systems including living organism substances, where a large number of findings were accumulated. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'ultra-grid elements'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'chokoshi soshi'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-04-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to ultra-grid elements. With regard to the process technology to search materials suitable for the targets of ultra-grid elements and manufacture ultra-grid element structure, a technology has been completed, by which crystalline growth is performed while controlling AlAs and GaAs at atom layer levels by using the MBE process and MOCVD process. This has allowed the understanding to be progressed on behavior of electrons in hetero interface or very thin films. It has also become possible to acquire new crystals that have band gaps and grid constants matching the performance of the elements. Regarding ultra-grid functional elements, new functional elements with the HET and RHET structures were made by utilizing the characteristics of the ultra grids, and performances of normal temperature operation and high speed operation were investigated. The ultra-grid structured elements have made it possible to embed ultra fine electrode structure into crystals by means of double hetero growth, and a possibility of Si-based PBT was demonstrated. These achievements lead to a belief that the targets intended at the beginning of the present research have been achieved. (NEDO)

Cosmic-ray-induced sup 6 sup 3 Ni -A potential confounder of fast-neutron-induced sup 6 sup 3 Ni in copper samples from Hiroshima

CERN Document Server

Rühm, W; Wallner, A; Fästermann, T; Knie, K; Heisinger, B; Nolte, E; Korschinek, G; Marchetti, A A; Martinelli, R E; Carroll, K L

2003-01-01

Recently, the determination of sup 6 sup 3 Ni in copper samples has been suggested as a means to assess fast-neutron fluences in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In those samples, sup 6 sup 3 Ni (half-life: 100.07 years) was produced by MeV neutrons from the A-bomb explosions via the reaction sup 6 sup 3 Cu(n,p) sup 6 sup 3 Ni. For large distances from the hypocenters, cosmic-ray-induced production of sup 6 sup 3 Ni might also be important and, therefore, it is calculated here. The effective probability f sup * which is required to quantify the cosmic-ray-induced production by stopped muons, was measured, and a value of (12.6 +-1.6)% obtained. The cross-section for the cosmic-ray-induced production by fast muons was measured to be (0.64 +-0.33) mb, at a muon energy of 100 GeV. To validate the proposed method, cosmic-ray-induced production of sup 3 sup 2 P in sulfur and of sup 3 sup 9 Ar in granite was also calculated, and reasonable agreement with literature values was found. Our estimates indicate that as many as (4 ...

Severe mental retardation among the prenatally exposed survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otake, Masanori; Yoshimaru, Hiroshi; Schull, W.J.

1988-05-01

In March 1986, as a result of a comprehensive reevaluatioin of the exposures of the survivors of the A-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a new method for the estimation of individual doses was introduced, termed the Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86). In the new system they are computed individually without the use generally of explicit, average correction factors and thus allow better for the scattering of radiant energy that occurs within tissues. The comparisons described here rest on the computed dose to the mother's uterus. The DS86 sample itself consists of 1,544 individuals (96.6 %) of the 1,598 belonging to the clinical sample on whom T65DR doses are available. A variety of models with and without a threshold have been fitted to the individual as well as grouped dose data to ascertain the most suitable dose-response relationship. Briefly the findings of this comparison are as follows: The risk of severe mental retardation due to radiation exposure changes little from one dosimetric system to the other. The highest risk of radiation damage to the embryonic and fetal brain occurs 8 - 15 weeks after fertilization under both the T65DR and DS86 systems. Somewhat more evidence exists under the DS86 system of a threshold to the dose-response relationship in the 8 - 15 week interval than existed with the T65DR doses. However, the location and reality of the threshold are difficult to assess. Damage to the fetus 16 - 25 weeks after fertilization seems linear-quadratically or quadratically related to dose, especially in the DS86 sample, and suggests a threshold in the neighborhood of 0.70 Gy (DS86 dose), under a linear model using the individual dose data, with a lower 95 % confidence bound of 0.21 Gy. Grouped dose data give the same lower bound, but an estimate of the threshold of 0.64 Gy. (author)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Optimization of bandgap of chalcopyrite semiconductors; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Kinseitaihaba no saitekika no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konagai, M [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on research on optimization of bandgap in thin film compound solar cells. In research on Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells by using a gas phase selenide making process, discussions were given on optimizing the following three processes: a process to raise temperature of a precursor film formed at a substrate temperature of about 150{degree}C, a selenide making process to perform annealing at about 500{degree}C, and a temperature reducing process. Good characteristics were obtained when selenium amount in the precursor is about 50%. In a bandgap control viewpoint, it was found that the conversion efficiency decreases rapidly when Ga composition is higher than 50%. A conversion efficiency of 14.9% was obtained to date at the Ga/(In+Ga) ratio of 0.4. In research on Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells by using a simultaneous deposition method, a conversion efficiency of 13.5% was obtained at a bandgap width of about 1.3 eV during research on manufacturing ZnO/CdS/Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells by using the simultaneous deposition method. Research has been carried out on manufacturing Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells using ZnSe interface layers. 8 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of technologies for enlarging amorphous solar cell area); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (amorphous taiyo denchi no daimensekika gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In the basic studies of large-area a-Si film formation technologies, the validity is discussed of the evaluation technique using plasma optical emissions spectrometry (OES) employed for the achievement of the intended film qualities. The film forming condition that exerts the greatest influence on the plasma state relative to OES is the power of discharge, and correlations are found to exist between specific emission intensity, infrared absorption level, and photoconductivity of the film. It is found that a P- or B-doped Si:H/SiC:H film is suitable as the material for the window layer on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. Materials are studied for the i-layer responsible for photo carrier generation, isolation, and acceleration. Studies are also conducted on fluorine-containing film. In the efforts at designing and building solar cells, ITO (indium-tin oxide)/n-i-p/SS (reversed type) cells are analyzed, designing is carried out for transparent electrode film thickness optimization, window effect in stainless substrate cells is improved, glass substrate cells are experimentally built and analyzed, large-area solar cell properties are improved, interaction between the substrate and a-Si is studied, and reliability tests are conducted. For cost reduction, it is necessary to develop technologies of automated production of simplified-structure modules using low-cost materials. Basic matters are taken up for discussion. (NEDO)

Cerebrovascular diseases in a fixed population Hiroshima and Nagasaki with special reference to relationship between type and risk factors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Chow-How; Shimizu, Yukiko; Kato, Hiroo; Robertson, T.L.; Furonaka, Hiroshi.

1980-10-01

A study was made of the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases, their chronological trend, and relationship between the disease types and risk factors on 16,491 subjects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who underwent medical examination at least once between 1958 - 74, and who were free of cerebrovascular disease at the initial examination. During the 16-year period, 1,162 cases of cerebrovascular disease developed in this study population with the diagnosis definite in 621, and the annual incidence was 3.2 per 1,000 population. By type, there were 108 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 469 cases of cerebral infarction, 33 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 11 cases of other unclassifiable types, with cerebral infarction occurring more frequently than cerebral hemorrhage at the ratio of 4.5 : 1. The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases increased with age in both types, but the proportion of younger subjects in cerebral hemorrhage was greater than that in cerebral infarction. A secular trend of declining incidence was noted for both cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. As a risk factor of cerebral hemorrhage, elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most closely related to onset, and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram (ECG) and proteinuria were also related. However, a tendency was seen for the risk to be somewhat higher the lower the levels of serum cholesterol. In cerebral infarction, aging, like systolic blood pressure, was a most important risk factor. Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, proteinuria, and diabetes could also be risk factors. However, the relation to blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, was not so great as in the case of cerebral hemorrhage. (author)

Comparison of type and frequency of chromosome aberrations by conventional and G-staining methods in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohtaki, Kazuo; Shimba, Hachiro; Sofuni, Toshio; Awa, A.A.

1982-07-01

Somatic chromosomes derived from cultured lymphocytes of 23 atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima were analyzed to determine the type and frequency of radiation-induced structural aberrations, using in sequence the ordinary staining method (O-method) and the trypsin G-banding method (G-method). Of 896 cells examined, 342 were found to contain induced aberrations, including 31 cells in which the precise identification of the type of aberrations was not possible even by the G-method. The number of chromosome aberrations observed was 376 in the 311 cells where aberrant precise identification was possible. The majority (288 or 76.6%) were intra- or inter-chromosomal symmetric exchanges due to a two-break event, while only 24 were found to be asymmetric exchanges (dicentrics, rings, and interstitial deletions). Further, there were 28 aberrations showing acentric fragments and terminal deletions, and the remaining 36 were complex intra- and inter-chromosomal exchanges involving three or more breaks which result in insertions and double translocations. A comparative karyotype analysis of the same metaphases examined by the sequential 0- And G-methods was carried out independently on 361 aberrations, mostly of the symmetric type. It was found that 78 (21.6%) of the 361 were detected only by the G-method; among these were 14 paracentric inversions, 48 reciprocal interchanges of chromosome segments with either equal length (11) or unequal length (37), 14 minor deletions and 2 complex rearrangements, all of which were nevertheless judged to fall within the normal range of variation by theO-method. In contrast, 25 aberrations detected in O-method chromosomes which were overcontracted or twisted, were shown to have normal banding patterns by the G-method. (author)

Research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation, 'composite materials (fine ceramics)'. Evaluation of the first phase research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'fine ceramics'. Daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1984-03-30

The results of the first phase research and development project for developing fine ceramics as the basic technologies of the next generation are evaluated. The R and D themes are selected to develop fine ceramics of high strength, corrosion resistance, precision and wear resistance, noting their excellent characteristics. Development of the basic techniques for these materials is of high significance, and highly rated. The efforts in the first-phase R and D project are aimed at development of silicon nitride and silicon carbide for synthesis of the stock materials; explosive forming/treating the stock powders; forming, sintering and processing/joining; evaluation of the characteristics; non-destructive testing methods; designs; and evaluation of the parts, among others, as the elementary techniques for production, evaluation and application of the fine ceramic materials. The technical targets of improving functions have been achieved, or bright prospects have been obtained therefor in development of the techniques for synthesis of the stock materials, forming/sintering and processing/joining. The silica reduction for stock synthesis, basic techniques for molding/sintering, and rheological considerations for the molding/sintering techniques represent the techniques of the next generation, because they break through the limitations of the conventional techniques. (NEDO)

Industrial science and technology research and development institutions in fiscal 1999. Report on achievements in research and development of human media; 1999 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seido. Human media no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

In order to give the society with the full picture of human media at an early time, actual problems in industries were taken up. This paper summarizes the sensitivity agent to support sensitivity of individuals, the human media database, the urban environment human media aiming at symbiosis of nature with artificial environment, and the achievements of comprehensive investigations and researches in fiscals 1999 and 2000. Activities were taken in the following four areas: 1) research and development of the sensitivity agent and human media database, 2) research and development of the urban environment human media, 3) comprehensive investigations and researches, and 4) investigations on technological trends in foreign countries. In Item 1), discussions were given on the technology to present full-color images at high accuracy, the image sensitivity retrieval technology, and the multi-dimensional interface technology for the human media database. In studying the basic human media technology, discussions were given on the basic sensitivity modeling technology, and the sensitivity agent mechanism. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'environment resistance strengthened elements'. Evaluation on the second term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'Taikankyo kyoka soshi'. Dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1986-03-31

In the research and development of the environment resistance strengthened elements with emphasis placed respectively on radiation resistance, heat resistance, and integration degree according to specific requirements in the using environments, the second term has developed an integration technology and its evaluation technology based on the achievements in the first term. In developing the heat resistant element technology, the technology to grow {beta}-SiC crystals was expanded to obtaining thin film crystals with high migratory performance by using higher temperatures. At the same time, development was performed on a technology to manufacture multiple number of transistors on one substrate, such as the doping technology and etching technology. Using this technology, schottky diodes and p-n junction elements being the basic structures of MES-FET and bipolar transistors were fabricated. In the evaluation and testing technology, the {gamma} dose measuring method using TLD was improved, the traceability of {gamma} ray irradiation amount was assured, the simplified irradiation testing method using X-ray was established, and the heat resistance testing technology for electronic parts was established. Furthermore, attempts were made on enhancing radiation resistance of the elements, such as in MOS silicon integrated circuit, bipolar silicon integrated circuit, and compound semiconductor integrated circuit. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next-generation industry. Evaluation of 1st-phase research and development of 3-dimensional circuit devices; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Sanjigen kairo soshi daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The aim is to develop basic technologies relating to 3-dimensional circuit devices with an ultrahigh-density accumulation of functions therein for the embodiment of ultra-small high-performance data processing devices or artificial brain-like multiple-function data processing devices. To be developed are laminate-structure devices which have an ultrahigh-density accumulation of logic and memory functions or a complex accumulation of functions including signal and sensor functions. In the 1st phase, importance is attached to the development of a multilayer crystalline structure, which is the most elementary in the development of 3-dimensional circuit devices, and of processing technologies for them. Propositions are made and analyses are conducted relating to the enlargement of exposure region in synchrotron radiation lithography, development of a maskless beam process of a resolution of 0.1{mu}m, development of a focused ion beam device, etc. Recrystallization methods using a laser beam or a linear electron beam are developed for the growth of multilayer crystals, and are proved to be effective. The application feasibility of a flat deposition dry process etc. to laminate processing technologies is demonstrated. Concerning integration technologies, some laminated circuit devices are experimentally fabricated, and their behavior is determined. The goals of the 1st phase are found achieved. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D of femtosecond technology. R and D of femtosecond technology; 1999 nendo femto byo technology no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Femto byo technology no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project aims at creating new industrial basement technology which supports the highly information-oriented society in the 21st century, conducts the R and D of technology to control the state of light and electron in the femtosecond time domain (10{sup -15} - 10{sup -12} sec), and establishes the basement technology which exceeds the speed limit of the conventional electronics technology and also includes new functionality. The themes are as follows: 1) R and D of ultra-short pulse optoelectronic technology; 2) R and D of ultra-short optical pulse applied measuring technology. In 1), in addition to the investigational study of the ultra-high speed light source technology, ultra-high speed modulation technology and ultra-high speed switching technology which are needed for the ultra-high speed optical information communication system and the construction, made were the survey and the evaluation of crystal growth technology/process technology of new semiconductor materials which make the fabrication of these high-tech ultra-high speed devices possible. In 2), investigationally studied were the technology for generation/control of ultra-short optical pulse and ultra-short electron beam pulse and the technology for stabilization, and the technology for generation of femtosecond high-intensity X-ray pulse by collision of optical pulse with electron beam pulse. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'environment resistance strengthened elements'. Evaluation on the first term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'taikankyo kyoka soshi'. Daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1984-03-30

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of developing environment resistance strengthened elements, with emphasis placed respectively on radiation resistance, heat resistance, and integration degree according to specific requirements in the using environments. The objective for the first term is to develop the basic technology on element structures required to raise the environment resistance, and the methods of testing them. With regard to heat resistant elements, {beta}-SiC single crystal thin films were formed, and a prospect was obtained on using them as the elements. Regarding MOS integrated circuit, bipolar integrated circuit, and GaAs element, points presenting the largest issue in radiation resistance were noticed according to respective elements. Thus, temperature for gate oxide film formation was lowered, element structures were improved, and gate lengths were decreased to enhance the radiation resistance. For the evaluation test technology, a provisional testing method was prepared for the radiation resistance, a prototype in-situ irradiation testing device was fabricated and so was a prototype high-temperature testing device usable up to 500 degrees C. These achievements lead to a belief that the targets for the first term have been achieved. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'electrically conductive polymeric material'. Evaluation on first term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Dodensei kobunshi zairyo (daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The research and development in the first term has searched widely different kinds of raw materials, elucidated electricity conduction mechanism, discussed processing technologies and evaluation methods. It also included molecule designing to develop new raw materials. A method for growing good single crystals of charge migrating complexes was developed, and (BEDT-TTF){sub 2}I{sub 3} crystals were found to manifest superconductivity at 8K under pressure of 1.3 kbar. In addition, elucidation was made on conduction characteristics of (TMTSF){sub 2}ClO{sub 4} being an induction superconductor, and on its superconduction mechanism. Polyacetylene films oriented at a high level by epitaxial polymerization were synthesized, the carrier hopping mechanism of polyacetylene was proposed, and the direction of increasing the conductivity was shown. It was discovered that cyanoacetylene is thermally polymerized at a relatively low temperature, turning into polymer with good orientation and easily into graphite. Polymeric intermediates soluble to polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV) were synthesized, whereas these intermediates were found to have shaping and stretching properties, and conductivity of 2.8 times 10{sup 3}s/cm was obtained in PPV doped after the stretching. (NEDO)

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development on evaluation technology of photovoltaic power generating systems; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. System hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of evaluation technology for photovoltaic power generating systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On preparation of test facility and measuring instrument, the pyrheliometer with a photovoltaic device as sensor was developed. (2) On collection and analysis of data, operation data of interconnection system, stand alone system, and water pump system were collected, and energy flow was analyzed. The following were also analyzed: time variation of a-Si solar cell modules, fluctuation correction factor of spectrum response, that of nonlinear response of crystalline solar cells, effect of solar radiation intensity and wind velocity on temperature rise of modules, and correction factor of DC circuit losses. (3) On on-site measurement technology, the array output measuring instrument was developed on the basis of capacitor charge system. (4) On simulation technology, simulation analyses of energy flow, optimum capacity of interconnection systems, correction factor of solar radiation, and capacity of array storage batteries were conducted. 3 figs., 6 tabs.

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries. Summary of research achievements in fiscal 1992 (Research and development of superconductor materials and superconductor elements); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 1992 nendo no kenkyu seika no gaiyo. Chodendo zairyo chodendo soshi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-05-01

With an objective to establish basic technologies, research and development has been carried out to make it possible to utilize high-temperature superconductor materials in terms of engineering in the fields of electronics and electric power. In the research on superconductor materials in fiscal 1992, it was discovered from measurements of temperature change in polarization dependent EXAFS in thin YBCO film grown on an MgO substrate that relative displacement in copper atoms in CuO{sub 2} plane and peak oxygen, and relative displacement in copper atoms on a primary chain and peak oxygen show apparent increase at the critical superconduction temperature. It was verified that this phenomenon does not occur in materials that do not show superconduction. In the research and development of superconductor elements, full-swing research has begun toward establishing the following technologies: process technologies for a substrate that meets requirement of surface flatness required in electronic elements, a superconductor thin film that assures uniformity in interface composition and the laminated thin film tunnel junction that combines the superconductor thin film, an inter-layer insulation film, and ultra-fine processing to suppress deterioration, and a tunnel element technology as a technology to put the above technologies together. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 research report. Industrial science and technology research project / R and D on creative advanced functional materials (structure-controlled materials) / Harmonized molecular materials; 1998 nendo dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kozo seigyo zairyo gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho. Bunshi kyocho zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

R and D on harmonized molecular materials aim at establishment of the technology fabricating self-assembled organic molecular films on solid surfaces which have potentials of mechanical response to electric fields, electroluminescence or optical functions. Molecule harmonization expresses new structures and functions difficult to be expressed by each molecule alone, by cooperative interaction between molecules due to noncovalent bond. Functional thin films were developed by controlling alignment and/or arrangement of molecules with an aid of self-assembling processes. Thiol compounds with larger dielectric anisotropy were synthesized as electric field responsive self-assembled films. {pi}-conjugated compounds composed of phenyl-capped oligothiophenes were synthesized as electroluminescent self-assembled films, and their high crystallinity and efficient electroluminescence were found. Heat- and solvent-resistant lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) aligning polymers such as polyamine and polyimine were synthesized as new optically functional LLC dye self-assembled films. (NEDO)

Summary of research achievements in fiscal 1980 in research and development of new energy technologies (Research and development expense); Shin energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 1980 nendo kenkyu seika no gaiyo. Kenkyu kaihatsuhi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-07-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1980 of new energy research at the General Research Institute of Electronics Technologies using the NEDO's development expense. To optimize the heat and electric power composite solar system, analyses were performed on heat production, devices and materials, and economy of the whole experimental facilities of the original model. Fundamental researches are being made on crystalline silicon, thin amorphous film and compound semiconductor solar cells. The solar thermionic generation element producing equipment installed in the previous fiscal year has produced and tested different types of electrodes, and operated the modules for an extended period of time. Measurement data of solar beam in ultraviolet, visible and near infrared zones were processed statistically, whereas the research work has been completed in the current fiscal year, having established successfully the reference solar radiation. In the hydrogen manufacturing technology using high-temperature direct pyrolysis, fundamental discussions were given on effects of electric and magnetic fields on dissociation of steam, and diffusion and separation of hydrogen by using permeation membranes. For hydrogen fuel cells, trial fabrication and tests were continued on single cells by using mainly the high frequency sputtering process. Experiments were continued on a solid electrolyte fuel cell system. Researches are under way as comprehensive study on such technological seeds as power generation using ocean temperature difference, and superconduction magnets for energy storage (NEDO)

Report on the achievements in fiscal 1999. Technology to use gas hydrate as a resource (Research and development for exploration, research and development on drilling technologies, investigative research on an environment influence evaluation method, and investigative research on a utilization system); 1999 nendo gas hydrate shigenka gijutsu sendo kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tansa nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu, kussaku gijutsu nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu, kankyo eikyo hyokaho no chosa kenkyu, riyo system ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The contents of the research and development performed in the current fiscal year are as follows: (1) research and development for exploration, (2) research and development on drilling technologies, (3) investigative research on an environment influence evaluation method, and (4) investigative research on a utilization system. In Item (1), element analysis data are used to study a method to estimate production environment of hydrate ore beds by using an inorganic ion analyzer and a trace amount element analyzer, the crust thermal flow measuring method is used to discuss a method to analyze the hydrate stability zones together with the data of sea area exploration records, and conceptual design is made on a resource potential evaluation system. In Item (2), experiments and analytical discussions are performed on decomposition control of the gas hydrate solid-liquid interface according to such conditions for the drilling fluid as temperatures and flow rates. Elucidation is given on the initial process of bubble generation for behavior of decomposed gas bubbles. Observation and elucidation are made on two-phase flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluid. In Item (3), conceptual design is carried out on a system to detect elements of shape change in each bed due to fluid movement in a gas hydrate bed and an upper bed. In Item (4), discussions are given on the optimizing conditions for generation and dissociation of gas hydrates. Investigation is made also on a possibility of the transportation and storage system. (NEDO)

Reassessment of diagnosis and subtyping of leukemias among atomic bomb survivors, 4. Combined analysis of Hiroshima and Nagasaki cases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomonaga, Masao; Kuriyama, Kazutaka; Ichimaru, Michito; Matsuo, Tatsuki; Finch, S C; Imanaka, Fumio; Kuramoto, Atsushi; Kamada, Nanao

1988-03-01

In evaluable 456 (60 %) of 750 leukemic patients exposed at less than or equal to9,000 m from the hypocenter, diagnosis and subtypes of leukemia were reevaluated in relation to radiation doses and age at the time of bombing using a new classification method of French-American-British (FAB). The FAB classification diagnosed 63 patients (13.5 %) as acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), 181 (39.0 %) as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 26 (5.6 %) as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 106 (22.8 %) as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 39 (7.5 %) as adult T-cell leukemia, and 5 (0.8 %) as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. According to radiation doses, the incidence of CML increased in the group exposed to one to 99 cGy; the incidences of ALL and MDS increased in the group exposed to greater than or equal to100 cGy. The incidence of CML was definitively higher in Hiroshima than Nagasaki in all groups; this was noted in the group exposed to 0 cGy (approximately 2.5 times higher). The incidences of ALL and MDS showed a tendency to increase in proportion to radiation doses. In the group exposed to greater than or equal to100 cGy, the incidences of ALL, CML, and MDS increased in patients younger than 15 years, those aged 16 - 35 years, and those older than 36 years, respectively, at the time of the bombing. In this group, there were also differences in latent period (10 yr in ALL and CML, 15 yr in AML, and 17 yr in MDS). None of the AML patients in the group exposed to greater than or equal to100 cGy had M3. (Namekawa, K.).

Research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation, 'composite materials (metal-based)'. Evaluation of the first phase research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'fukugo zairyo (kinzokukei)'. Daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1983-03-31

The results of the first phase research and development project for developing the metal-based composite materials as the basic technologies of the next generation are evaluated. For development of highly functional materials, the efforts are directed to understanding the basic characteristics regarding wettability and reactivity of PAN-based carbon fibers and PCS-based silicon carbide fibers with metals, in which aluminum-based matrices are considered; preliminary tests for various composting methods; and development of wire preforms as the intermediate materials. Bright prospects have been obtained for improving problems involved in each technique. For development of molding/processing techniques, basic researches have been conducted for hot pressing/rolling, extrusion/withdrawal, powder molding and melt molding, using various reinforcing fibers. Bright prospects have been also obtained for combinations of adequate molding processes for individual materials. For development of design techniques, the basic data regarding mechanical characteristics of FRMs, both domestic and foreign, are collected, and analyzed by the trace tests with specimens, to set up the targets for FRM function improvements, viewed from the designs. (NEDO)

1998 Annual Study Report. Research and development of power storage by high-temperature superconducting flywheels (research and development of permanent magnet); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Koon chodendo flywheel denryoku chozo kenkyu kaihatsu (eikyu jishaku no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

The permanent magnets have been investigated and developed, for eventual commercialization of a 10 MWh power storage system by high-temperature superconducting flywheel. The permanent magnet rotors have been already developed in the previous years using a praseodymium-based magnet (Pr magnet) and neodymium-based sintered magnet (Nd sintered magnet), and the target rotational speed of 30,000 rpm has been attained. For development of the magnetic circuit to produce a stronger and smoother magnetic field, magnetic flux density of the Nd sintered magnet is measured. It shows a lower magnetic flux irregularity than the Pd magnet, but there is still room for further improvement. For development of large-size permanent magnet fabrication techniques, it is confirmed that the large-size Nd sintered magnet can be easily magnetized by partial magnetizing, as is the case with the Pr magnet. In this year, the irregular magnetic flux is three-dimensionally simulated, based on the results obtained in the previous years, to find that the simulated results are in good agreement with the observed ones. The measures to solve the problems are also investigated. It is also confirmed that the large-size ring magnet can be easily magnetized by partial magnetization. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on research and development of power storage by high-temperature superconducting flywheel. Research and development of permanent magnet; 1999 nendo koon chodendo flywheel denryoku chozo kenkyu kaihatsu eikyu jishaku no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

The R and D program is implemented for permanent magnet, as part of the project aimed at commercialization of a 10 MWh-class high-temperature superconducting magnetic bearing type power storage system. A speed of rotation of 28,570 rpm is attained by using an iron intermediate ring for a Pr permanent magnet rotator and reinforcing the rotator with a plastic hoop reinforced with carbon fibers three-fold (CFPR hoop). The speed is increased to 31,300 rpm by interlacing carbon fibers also in the radial direction and replacing iron for the intermediate ring by titanium. The highest speed of rotation of 33,506 rpm is realized by the rotator of permanent magnet of sintered Nd. The magnetic circuit of stronger, more smooth magnetic field needs the permanent magnet of less uneven magnetic flux. The magnet is of a monoaxially anisotropic rare-earth metal, with four-fold magnetic ring bodies having fan-shaped small pieces arranged on each ring. Uneven magnetic flux occurs at the joint between these small pieces. The one-body-ring magnet of radially anisotropic, sintered Nd is developed, and incorporated in the repulsion type magnetic circuit, to reduce unevenness of the magnetic flux. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'three-dimensional circuit elements'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'sanjigen kairo soshi'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-04-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to three-dimensional circuit elements that integrate functions at ultra-high density. For the basic technology of lamination, the SOI technology suitable for the three-dimensional circuit elements was developed, and it has become possible to manufacture high-quality multi-layered crystalline structure by means of annealing that uses laser and electron beam. In addition, a lateral epitaxial technology for solid phase was developed, and the base to be applied to the three-dimensional circuit elements was established. Furthermore, the technology to put thin film circuits together would be useful for high-density integration in the future. The three-dimensional circuit makes parallel processing in each segment possible, whereas a possibility was shown that the processing can be performed at much higher speed than before. Actually a prototype three-dimensional circuit equipped with functions for parallel processing and judgment processing was fabricated. The image pre-processing which has been impossible on the real time basis in the conventional two-dimensional integrated circuit was realized in a speed as fast as milli-second order. These achievements lead to a belief that the targets for the present research and development have been achieved. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of photovoltaic modules integrated with construction materials (detachable plane panel); Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Kenzai ittaigata module no kenkyu kaihatsu (chakudatsushiki heiban panel)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of photovoltaic modules integrated with construction materials in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of technology for module structures, specifications of the horizontal muntin system module were newly determined in addition to the improved muntin system module, and the prototype pseudo-module integrated with construction material was prepared. The comparison results of the basic performance of both system modules clarified superior waterproofing and module temperature uniformity of the horizontal muntin system. Based on this specifications, integration technology of modules with back metal plates was studied. Formation of the integrated module close to final specifications was ascertained to be possible by use of passivation equipment to irregular form. (2) On development of construction and installation methods of modules, improvement of the waterproofing and workability of both system modules was studied. (3) On the study on practical use of modules, their design and ventilation/cooling structure were studied. 38 figs., 13 tabs.

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development of evaluation systems for photovoltaic cells and modules; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of the evaluation system for solar cells in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of the performance evaluation method for solar cells, data collection, analysis and measurement of atmospheric conditions necessary for outdoor measurement were carried out to improve the measurement accuracy of laminated solar cells. The validity of measurement methods was verified by comparing experimental results with outdoor measurement ones to improve the indoor measurement accuracy by multiple light source solar simulator. Generated energy in solar cell module level was also studied in field. (2) On development of the reliability evaluation method for solar cells, deterioration data were collected and analyzed by long-term exposure test. As a result, it was clarified that Pmax values are directly affected by seasonal change in air mass, and deterioration of solar cells is hardly found after exposure test for one year, showing a stable state. The characteristic recovery experiment of amorphous solar cell modules was carried out, and the accelerated deterioration test method of thin film cell modules was also studied. 2 figs.

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Survey on research and development of solar cell evaluation system; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on R and D of solar cell evaluation systems in fiscal 1994. The performance/reliability evaluation subcommittee continuously analyzed technical issues and discussed solution measures from the last fiscal year. On development of performance evaluation methods, improvement of measurement accuracy for laminated solar cells is the study issue to be solved. Although laminated solar cells are measured by multiple light source solar simulator, difficult spectrum compensation causes measurement errors. Collection and analysis of data for determining atmospheric conditions, and outdoor measurement experiment under the atmospheric conditions for reference solar light were carried out. The study on incident angle characteristics of laminated solar cells clarified that the deviation from COS characteristics is 1.0% or less at an incident angle of 30{degree}. The study on generated energy in solar cell module level in field clarified that generated energy and generation efficiency are proportional to intensity of solar radiation. 1 tab.

Research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation, 'composite materials (resin-based)'. Evaluation of the first phase research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'fukugo zairyo (jushikei)'. Daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1984-03-30

The results of the first phase research and development project for developing the resin-based composite materials as the basic technologies of the next generation are evaluated. This project is aimed at development of the resin-based composite materials as light, high-strength and high-rigidity structural materials. Development of the basic techniques for these materials is of high significance, and highly rated. The first R and D phase efforts are directed to synthesis of new skeleton and terminal compounds, and their introduction into the matrices; application/combination of various fiber surface modification techniques; development of the basic techniques for intermediate materials for three-dimensional fabrics, triaxial fabrics and hybrid materials; improvement of the main techniques for a series of molding/processing steps; adoption of new methods; and development of design programs and elementary design techniques. The technical targets of improving functions of each item have been achieved, or bright prospects have been obtained therefor, each involving potentials of functional improvements by developing new functions. It is also considered that the parallel, competitive development and promotion of 7 routes in researches on the matrix resins have brought great effects. (NEDO)

Research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation, 'composite materials (metal-based)'. Evaluation of the second phase research and development; Jisedai sdangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'fukugo zairyo (kinzoukei)'. Dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1986-03-31

The results of the second phase research and development project for developing the metal-based composite materials as the basic technologies of the next generation are evaluated. For development of highly functional materials, the efforts are directed to modification of PAN-based high-strength carbon fibers for aluminum-based FRMs, and also to development of the methods for controlling interfacial reactions at high temperature by modification of the base materials for titanium-based FRMs. For development of carbon fiber-based intermediate materials, the techniques are developed for continuous production of wire preforms of aluminum. For development of molding/processing techniques, the press molding and powder HIP molding techniques are developed to give a planar product of the FRM of titanium alloy reinforced with evaporated filaments of silicon carbide, which shows an average tensile strength exceeding the target level. Also developed are the press and roll molding techniques for the wire preforms of aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide fibers, the planar product therefrom showing a tensile strength of at least 99% of the base material. It is concluded that the objectives of the second-phase project are almost achieved. (NEDO)

Development of small-size transmission tower erection method; Kogata tetto kumitate koho no kaihatsu kenkyu (gaibushiki crane ni yoru kogata tetto kumitate koho no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuishi, S.; Asano, J.; Koji, Y. [Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan); Tsujimura, I.; Teramoto, A. [The Kanden Kogyo Incorporated, Osaka (Japan); Sasaki, T.; Mito, K. [AG Ajikawa Corp., Osaka (Japan); Tsuji, M.; Fukumoto, T.; Yamaguchi, N.

1997-09-30

To reduce the construction period and cost and to enhance the safety during 77 kV-class transmission tower election, a new method of small steel transmission tower erection using an external type crane has been developed. For the selection of cranes, a commercially available self-climbing crane was employed which has an operating radius of 11 m, a lifting load capacity of 1.5 t, and a lift of up to 60 m. For the space analysis using a model tower, various supporting methods with horizontal supporting members, stress analysis for each tower stub, and apparatuses were examined. For the demonstration tests of election using the model tower, strain gages were attached at each point of steel tower, crane and horizontal supporting members, to measure the stress of members at each stage of the election. It was confirmed that there were no problems. For the election of actual steel tower, the practicality of this method was compared with that of conventional methods. The construction period was reduced in 20%, and the cost was reduced in 4%. The safety of this method was drastically enhanced due to the lack of moving on the tower and less manual operation. 9 figs., 1 tab.

Chemometrics. Development of a sensor for the evaluation of palatable water; Chemometrics. Oishii mizu sensor no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, K.; Hamaoka, T. [Hiroshima-Denki Inst. of Technology, Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-05-20

A method was developed to detect and determine palatable waters. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to verify the determination on renowned palatable waters based on requirements for palatable waters specified by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Test samples used in the analysis are renowned palatable waters produced in the Hiroshima and other areas. It was found possible to express palatability of the waters to some extent by detecting total hardness, organic matter content, total iron and bicarbonate ion, in relation to the correlation thereof with a result of organoleptic examination. Fuzzy inference was applied to evaluation of the renowned waters. As the inference rule, selections were made on organic matter content, total hardness, bicarbonate ion and total iron for the antecedents, and values to express palatability for the consequents. A neural network method was devised, in which error from the reference water determination is minimized. The fuzzy inference was capable of expressing human sense in a numerical value. A prototype sensor was fabricated to determine reputed waters suitable for brewing Japanese Sake. Water suitable for fermentation is the water containing minerals that increase fermentation strength in yeast, and not containing such impurities as organic matters and iron. A bio-sensor was developed, which is capable of evaluating latent fermenting capability of mineral containing waters. 10 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Hiroshima August 6 1945; Hiroshima 6 aout 1945

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villatoux, P.

2009-07-01

This book makes a comeback on this key event of the Second World War, from the US decision taken by H. Truman in 1945 to use the atomic bomb in Japan up to the geo-political swing which has been its direct consequence. The book allows to bring back the genesis of the Manhattan project, a herculean scientific and technological secret program, to which about 140000 scientists, technicians and engineers have taken part during less than three years. The design of this terrible weaponry has switched the world into a new era, the nuclear one

In connection with the aged who have need help to perform all daily chores on general care ward in Hiroshima Survivors Home

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimizu, Kiyoshi; Hirata, Takeshi; Sugiura, Fusako

1978-01-01

The aged who are admitted to general care ward of Hiroshima Survivors Home and need help to perform all daily chores as of January 1978 are 3 of 18 aged 60 - 69 years old (16.7%), 18 of 69 ones 70 - 79 years old (26.1%), 21 of 52 ones 80 - 89 years old (40.4%), and 6 of 7 ones more than 90 years old (85.7%), which are 48 of total 146 (32.9%). This phenomenon is recognized more frequently in women than in men. Occurrence of this phenomenon was high in a short-distance group and a group who entered city after the explosion. It was also high in the aged who stayed at this home for more than 7 years. Most diseases from which they suffered are those of bone and joints (19%) and arteriosclerosis (18.7%). Eight of 13 aged with eye diseases suffered from cataract. As advancement of senility with aging and exacerbation lead to increase of care for them, it is necessary to change their general care to special one. The ability of such aged, who are admitted to general ward and need help to perform all daily chores, to act independently was the same as that of those admitted to Yokufukai special care ward. At the present when beds for special care are filled to capacity, treatment of the aged who need special care (30% of those who need general care), personnel management, and health management of staffs are important. (Tsunoda, M.)

Stopping the greenhouse effect - recommendations submitted by the Bundestag Enquete Commission. - Why nuclear energy cannot solve the global-warming problem - on the urgency of a low-risk, efficient future energy economy. - The latest cancer statistics of the Hiroshima/Nagasaki A-bomb survivors - a higher radiation risk at dose rates below 50cGy (rad) - consequences for radiation protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bach, W.; Kohler, S.; Koehnlein, W.

1991-01-01

The report compiles three contributions two of which discuss the issues of global warming, trace gases and ozone depletion. The measures proposed by a German enquete commision to stop the greenhouse effect, i.e. utilization of renewable energy sources, nuclear phaseout because nuclear power is not supposed to solve the global-warming problem, are described. The third contribution gives the latest cancer statistics of the Hiroshima/Nagasaki a-bomb survivors while taking into account the higher radiation risk due to low dose rates. (DG) [de

Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima : an Ironic Comparison = Pearl Harbor ve Hiroşima Saldırilarının İronik bir Karşılaştırılması

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leo J. MAHONEY

2005-01-01

Full Text Available In the past century, veterans of America's wars have shown extraordinary human longevity in the postwar eras. As a result, contemporary public historical interpretations of the American second world war experience have been influenced by veterans' perceptions of historical issues for a longer time than was true of postwar eras before the twentieth centuıy. Public historical debates in the United States have recently focused on the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941 and the American attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945. These events may seem quite dated by now, but they have remarkable contemporary resonance in light of debates over proliferation of nuclear weapons and tactics of so-called pre-emptive warfare. Though the aerial attacks are often related in popular American perception, the truth is they were incommensurate events in terms of their military and political objectives, their physical scale and results, and the natures of their targets.

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on new type solar cells); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shingatashiki taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-27

This report summarizes the fiscal 1974 research result on R and D of new type solar cells, which includes researches on (1) solar cell structure, (2) packaging, and (3) improvement of a conversion efficiency. In the 1st research, theoretical study was made on the relation between a solar cell efficiency and various design factors to obtain basic data for ordinary cell structure and vertical junction type cell structure. As impurity source, a thermal diffusion method using doped oxide by CVD was compared with that using boron nitride, resulting in no difference in solar cell characteristics between both methods. The measurement results on contact resistances of Al, Fe and Ni with electrodes prepared by electron beam deposition showed that these materials are applicable to Si more than 10{sup 18}/cm{sup 3} in impurity density as electrode materials. In the 2nd research, exposure tests were made on some kinds of specimens, resulting in no troubles. Study was made on production costs and structures suitable for automatic production of 4 kinds of packages with different basic structures. In the 3rd research, the prototype solar cell was prepared to use under solar radiation within 20SUNS. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-efficiency polymeric separation membrane material'. Evaluation on first term final research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokoritsu kobunshi bunrimaku zairyo (daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The first term has performed research and development placing emphasis on that 'the basic study on membrane separation is to be performed systematically to elucidate governing factors in membrane separation'. With respect to water/ethanol separation by using the penetration gasifying method, it was indicated that excellent separation performance can be exhibited by using natural polymers having sugar chain skeleton as a raw material, and by controlling the membrane structure by means of membrane manufacturing methods. For enhancement of performance in water selective permeation type separation membrane, it was shown experimentally that it is important to select a membrane suitable for the object of separation and a separation method that uses the selected membrane. Regarding the water/ethanol separation, it was shown theoretically that the penetration gasifying method can save more energy than the conventional distillation method, where the development target was presented. It was recognized that impregnation type liquid membrane using crown ether can separate amino acid optical isomers. High separation performance was obtained in carbon monoxide/nitrogen separation by using fluid carrier that uses cuprous iodine/1-methyl imidazole. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-performance crystalline controlled alloy'. Evaluation on final research and development (final report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Koseino kessho seigyo gokin (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

A proposal was given on a new processing process to use Ni-group super alloy, and elucidation was given on super plasticity phenomenon by using non-destructive tests. The Ni-group super heat-resistant alloy Mod. IN-100 subjected to different preforms by means of extrusion was given a super plasticity test at 1,050 degrees C to derive total elongation and 'm' value. As a result, it was disclosed that a material annealed for one hour at 1,070 degrees C after extrusion of 70% at 1,100 degrees C possesses the maximum 'm' value in the vicinity of 2.0 times 10{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The largest key to the new processing method is to improve the nature of the material, in which the plasticity manifestation velocity is accelerated by ten times to the order of 10{sup -2}s{sup -1} as described above. In addition, forging of IN-100 was made possible by using the ordinary forging equipment with the use of two-fold measures. The measures consist of maintaining temperature of IN-100 during casting by heating the die material to about 600 degrees C, rather than keeping it at a constant temperature, and then packing IN-100 in S35C steel material to accommodate the temperature decrease during casting inside the S35C pack. Thus, a processing method was made practical, eliminating need of the forging process to compress and solidify powder itself, that is the extrusion process. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'recombinant DNA utilizing technology'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'kumikae DNA riyo gijutsu'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to the recombinant DNA utilizing technology to create new microorganisms for processes in the chemical industry. The major achievements of the present research and development include establishment of the P450 gene manifestation system attributed from microsomes and mitochondria, and the success of the world's first simultaneous manifestation of P450 and reduction enzyme. Furthermore, the fused enzyme combining P450 and the reduction enzyme genetically was successfully manufactured ahead of the other countries, opening the way to industrializing the recombinant enzymes for use in bio-processes in the chemical industry. In creating a high-efficiency secretion recombinant bacillus subtilis stock, a bacillus subtilis host whose protease activity has been noticeably decreased was created. As an achievement of the research on the 'basic recombinant DNA technology', high-efficiency manifestation vector of medium level thermophile was created, and its usefulness was demonstrated. In addition, a host and vector system for high level thermophile was developed for the first time in the world. These achievements have opened the way to industrial utilization of the thermophilic bacteria. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next-generation industry. Ultimate evaluation report on research and development of highly efficient polymeric separation membrane material; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokoritsu kobunshi bunrimaku zairyo saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-05-01

For the enhancement of separation process efficiency and energy efficiency in the chemical industry, etc., basic technologies are developed involving high-performance separation membrane materials which are excellent in durability and usable in the field where separation by membranes has been impractical. The liquid mixtures subjected to separation are a neutral organic compound/water system, an acidic organic compound/water system, and a polar organic compound/water system; the gas mixtures subjected to separation are an oxygen/nitrogen system and a carbon monoxide/nitrogen system. After a 10-year/3-phase development endeavors, the initially intended goals are sufficiently achieved. Among those that have to be mentioned is the development of a nonaqueous separation membrane, a supported liquid membrane with amino acid optically active high performance separation capability, a high-precision evaluation unit for gas separation membrane characteristics, a selective permeation membrane with high-level oxygen and carbon monoxide carriers and reactivation technology, a high-performance ethanol separation membrane, a water/polar organic compound separation membrane, and a water/acetic acid separation membrane and stability providing technology. In particular, the water selective permeation membrane for a mixture of water and alcohol has already arrived at the stage of bench plant demonstration. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on new type solar cell); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shingatashiki taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-05-30

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on new type solar cells for photovoltaic power systems. On junction formation, the solar cell fabricated by spray coating showed output characteristics equivalent to that by rotary coating or phase diffusion, and inexpensive coating liquid, 1/40 of commercially available liquid in price, showed a sufficient result, however, the conversion efficiency of P{sup +}/N elements was insufficient. Schottky barrier polycrystal Si thin film was suitable for large-area elements without any property degradation. Small grain boundary density of polycrystal layers was also necessary. Temperature characteristics of collector element structure with a comb electrode were calculated theoretically. Change in diffusion length of minority carriers due to temperature well agreed between measured and calculated ones. Optimization calculation was also carried out. The size, curve, weight and transmissivity of plastic and glass materials for solar cell packaging were evaluated by continuous outdoor exposure tests. Fluorinated ethylene-propylene, methyl methacrylate and polycarbonate plates and glass were the most promising materials because of less deformation. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-performance crystalline controlled alloys'. Evaluation on final research and development (first report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Koseino kessho seigyo gokin (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

The present research work has been performing research and development of the following alloys: (1) 'single crystalline alloy' , the entire alloy being composed of one crystal eliminating crystalline boundaries as an ultra heat resistant alloy with emphasis placed on improvement in particularly the creep properties, and 'particle dispersion strengthened alloy', in which ultrafine particles of oxides are dispersed uniformly; and (2) 'ultra heat resistant and tough alloy' targeted at high-temperature toughness by using Ni-group allowing ultra plasticity forging processing by micronizing crystal particles, as an ultra plastic and highly tough alloy having better processibility than conventional alloys, and 'light-weight highly tough alloy' aimed at achieving light weight and high toughness by using Ti-group. Achievements derived from the present research and development may be summarized as follows: in alloy development, alloys having performance of the world's highest level or equivalent have been developed; a manufacturing technology to make products with complex shapes has been established by using the alloy material manufacturing technology and the alloy materials developed therefrom, where prototype components of such shapes as turbine blades and turbine disks for jet engines were fabricated successfully; and the big fruit obtained was that a large number of technological experiences were acquired from this research and development. (NEDO)

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and survey on test and evaluation method for BOS component devices; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Shuhen gijutsu hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of the evaluation method for BOS component devices in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on requirements of BOS component devices for practical use, the study results on storage battery, inverter, protective device for system interconnection, and effective use means for storage battery were summarized. On the future device technology, it was clarified that the following value added technologies are promising: simple design of inverter circuit, cost reduction by common specification and mass production, and stabilization of voltage and compensation of momentary peak load by combining inverter with small-capacity storage batteries. (2) On the study on the performance test method for BOS component devices, basic characteristic (capacity, efficiency) test, PSOC charge/discharge cycle test, and accelerated life cycle test were performed for 4 kinds of new storage batteries developed by NEDO. The whole characteristic test results satisfied specifications, and long-term cycle test is in promotion for all new storage batteries. 3 figs., 4 tabs.

Report on research results of the development of high efficient boilers in fiscal 1996. Research development of high efficient industrial furnaces, etc; Koseino boiler no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koseino kogyoro nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Out of the developments of high efficient boilers which have been continued since fiscal 1993, the paper reported the result of the development conducted in fiscal 1996. The oxygen combustion (the oxygen enrichment combustion including 100% oxygen combustion) decreases the amount of flue gas and reduces heat loss of the flue gas, and is also effective as NOx reduction measures. The experiment was conducted using testing furnace. The boiler efficiency rapidly increased with the increasing concentration of oxygen enrichment. In the pure oxygen combustion, the overall boiler efficiency of a 106% level (low heating value standard) is expected. Since the boiler wet flue gas is decreased, the NOx emission is reduced. The boiler can raise the combustion temperature with no fear of NOx and can be reduced in size. CO2 decreases in proportion to the energy saving effect. The development of a condensation flue gas heat exchanger is aimed at recovering heat down to the low temperature. Prediction of heat transfer in the steam condensation region becomes possible, and the size reduction can be expected. Dew point corrosion resistant materials were also selected. As to the high speed combustion control, a simple type using micro-processor was developed. Obtained were high speed, compactness, electric power saving, and high controllability. 14 refs., 306 figs., 88 tabs.

FY 1999 achievement report on the development of high performance boilers. R and D on high performance industrial furnaces, etc.; 1999 nendo koseino boiler no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koseino kogyoro nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This project started in FY 1993 to survey the actual state of industrial use boilers. Based on the results of the survey, in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, no improvement of the present technology which has limits, but the development was made of the oxygen combustion and element technology which are factors for heightening boiler performance with a new idea first in the world. In fiscal 1998, a target for the overall thermal efficiency of 105% was settled by testing a pilot plant where the element technology was integrated into the small once-through boiler, flue/smoke tube boiler, water tube boiler, etc. In fiscal 1999, the target of the overall thermal efficiency of boiler was reached by a pilot plant test to clarify combustion characteristics, heat transfer characteristics, environmental characteristics, etc. Further, effects of energy saving were increased by the adoption method of oxygen supply equipment. Concretely, an overall boiler efficiency of 105.73% exceeding the targeted value of 105% was achieved at a pilot plant of actual scale, by concentrating the results of each of the element technologies such as 'oxygen combustion,' 'condensation type flue gas heat exchanger,' 'high performance combustion control device,' and 'rapid rotating auxiliary machine.' (NEDO)

Fiscal 1991 research report. Research trend survey for next-generation industrial structure technology research and development project - Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments; 1991 nendo jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu project ni kakawaru kenkyu doko chosa hokokusho. Chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekitoku daiene)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Efforts were exerted to develop intermetallic compounds and C/C (carbon/carbon) composites to serve as advanced materials for extreme environments. In relation with advanced materials, especially with intermetallic compounds and fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials, a technical research survey was conducted covering the three fields of (1) summarization of activities conducted up to fiscal 1991, (2) contents of associated aerospace projects, and (3) aeroengine components. In Field (1), the ground on which the project was created and the project's basic plans, goals, and systems, and its ripple effects are discussed, and the fruits produced so far are summarized. In Field (2), aeroengine component related projects of America, Britain, France, Germany, and Japan are investigated. In Field (3), aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, alloy steel, superalloys, intermetallic compounds, and intermetallic compound composite materials are discussed with attention paid to their current status and future trend, characteristics they are supposed to finally assume, and technical tasks to discharge for the development of technologies concerned. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1991 research report. Research trend survey for next-generation industrial structure technology research and development project - Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments; 1991 nendo jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu project ni kakawaru kenkyu doko chosa hokokusho. Chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekitoku sekiyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Efforts were exerted to develop intermetallic compounds and advanced C/C (carbon/carbon) composite materials usable under extreme environments such as high temperatures. In relation with advanced composite materials, especially with projects for developing composite materials using oil as raw material, a survey was conducted of the three fields of (1) summarization of activities conducted up to fiscal 1991, (2) contents of associated aerospace projects, and (3) oil based composite material technology. In Field (1), past achievements are summarized. In Field (2), aerospace projects under way across the world are broken down by airframe and engine, and are reviewed from the viewpoint of needs for materials. In Field (3), the present and future of heat resisting thermosetting composite materials, thermoplastic composite materials, and C/C composites are discussed. Characteristics such materials are supposed to finally assume and tasks to discharge for technical development are also taken up. (NEDO)

Report on the results of research and development under a consignment from NEDO on deca-nano quantum integrating transistor substrate technologies; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Deca-nano ryoshi shusekika soshi kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Researches have been conducted on deca-nano quantum integrating transistor substrate technologies, and developments were made on a three-dimensional device simulator which can be used in deca-nano domains, and a circuit simulator to have quantifying function transistors coexist with silicon semiconductor integrated circuits. The researches were intended to develop a simulator capable of analyzing properties of very small silicon and compound semiconductor devices in deca-nano domains. The researches discussed the applicability of conventional simulators, calculated quantum levels in a three-dimensional hetero structure, and resulted in development of an electron wave propagation simulator in optional two-dimensional shapes, a quantum Monte Carlo simulator, and a three-dimensional semiconductor device simulator with quantum correction. On the other hand, in order to estimate characteristics of a hybrid circuit in which single electron transistors coexist with conventional transistors such as CMOS transistors, a single electron hybrid circuit simulator was developed. The development indicated that a CMOS-SET fused memory is promising as a future LSI memory. 22 refs., 116 figs., 3 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 R and D project on industrial science technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the R and D of nonlinear optoelectronic materials; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Hisenkei hikari denshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

As to the development of organic base materials, the paper is going ahead with an evaluation, higher performance and further use as materials of basic optical properties of quirale nonlinear materials and organic conjugate base materials which are promising among organic low molecular materials. As the development of orientation control crystal growth technology, grooves for orientation control were formed on the surface of the lead glass substrate, from which thin film single crystals were obtained. The nonlinear response was studied of the glass where semiconducting fine particles dispersed in matrix glass. Glass scattering base prototype materials were selected by the sol-gel method and ultra-low melting-point glass method. The glass dispersion base materials by the very fast cooling method was also studied. For the purpose of realizing a high speed switching characteristic, a processing technology was developed of ultra fine particle dispersing polymer light waveguide. As to the technology for super lattice, the optimum nonlinear performance materials were selected mainly with the optimum complex super lattice base. Moreover, the three-dimensional super structuring technology was constructed to improve nonlinear optical characteristics. The comprehensive investigational study was conducted for effective promotion of the research development. 177 refs., 260 figs., 27 tabs.

FY 1998 report on the results of the R and D of industrial science technology. R and D of 'carbon-base high functional material technology' (R and D of the submarine oil production support system); 1998 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tansokei kokino zairyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-09-01

For the R and D of carbon-base high functional materials, the paper reported on (1) material creation technology and (2) creation of mechanically high functional materials. In (1), the synthesis of new BCN-base materials is conducted by the electronic excitation CVD method and high temperature/high pressure (explosive synthesis) with the aim of analyzing the composition/structure. Using energy-controlled ion beams and laser beams, the synthesis of new CN-base materials and analysis of composition/structure are aimed at. By the thermal CVD method using catalysts, a method to synthesize a quantity of nanotubes is aimed at. The paper is aimed at clarifying the reaction mechanism on the material conversion of carbonaceous materials relating to the above-mentioned three methods and the appearance mechanism of characteristics of carbonaceous materials. (2) is composed of the following three subjects: composition gradient film formation technology, complicated shape film formation/micro-processing technology, and large area film formation. These three subjects were studied to positively make use of characteristics such as low friction/low abrasion and high temperature corrosion resistance which can be expected in amorphous carbon, diamond and high functional carbon materials of carbon nitride and to apply them to moving parts of various industrial machines and surface protection of construction materials such as glass, etc. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D. Third year report. R and D of a hybrid pulse plasma coating (HPPC) system; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu. Hybrid gata pulse plasma coating (HPPC) system no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 3 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The development was proceeded with of the surface reforming technology system in which plasma CVD technology and PSII (plasma source ion implantation) technology are connected. HPPC forms DLC (diamond like carbon) layers excellent in adhesion and ceramic layers on the surface of work pieces such as complicatedly shaped dies and tools/sliding parts. Element technologies are the raw material gas pulse introducing technology for efficiently introducing raw materials into the reaction container in a state of gas, high density plasma formation technology and pulse plasma formation technology, minus pulse voltage application technology for vertically implanting various ions on the surface of complicatedly shaped work pieces, and advanced hybrid control technology enabling the control of ion species/implantation amount/layer formation speed. In FY 2000, using the prototype of the HPPC system, studies were made of the development of the DLC layer process and the low temperature DLC layer process, and development and commercialization of technology to improve throwing power, etc. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D field. First year report. R and D of new composite polymer electrolyte for battery; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu bun'ya. Denchiyo shinki fukugo polymer kei denkaishitsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The development was proceeded with of new composite polymer electrolyte for Li secondary battery. The ultimate target of the development using this electrolyte is to get Li secondary battery markedly improved in safety/reliability which works at low temperature and controls thermal runaway. The composite polymer base electrolyte is composed of high molecular weight polyethylene oxide copolymer, ethylene oxide oligomer and Li salt, and it is finally cross-linked by heat or light. Studies were made in the following 6 fields: 1) R and D of the creation and optimization of new composite polymer electrolyte; 2) R and D of the commercialization of composite polymer electrolyte battery; 3) R and D on the safety of composite polymer electrolyte; 4) study of the synthesis of new electrolyte and catalytic activity of electrolyte-electrode interface; 5) R and D on polymer/oligomer composite electrolyte; and 6) comprehensive investigational research. (NEDO)

Leukemia in humans following exposure to ionizing radiation. A summary of the findings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and comparison with other human experience

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brill, A B; Tomonaga, Masanobu; Heyssel, R M

1960-10-01

A review of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki leukemia experience thirteen years after the atomic bomb explosion in those two cities, and comparisons with other collected series of leukemia cases following radiation has again demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt the leukemogenic effect of ionizing radiation on humans. In spite of the heterogeneity of the various study groups there are surprisingly consistent findings. An increased risk of leukemia following doses probably as low as 50 to 100 rads (air-entry dose) whole body radiation has been demonstrated. Above this dose the increase in incidence of leukemia may be related linearly to dose of radiation. When extrapolated to zero dose this line intersects the expected spontaneous incidence. In the lower range it is impossible to be certain regarding the presence or absence of a threshold. As in other series the acute lymphocytic variety of leukemia in the very young is most increased. Chronic granulocytic leukemia was seen most commonly among the Japanese in the older age groups. The predilection of the various types of leukemia for specific age groups does not appear to be markedly altered although possibly the incidence of chronic granulocytic leukemia has been shifted to younger ages. Males and children in the age group below ten appear to be most sensitive to induction of leukemia by irradiation. The increased occurrenc of leukemia in an irradiated population appears to start about eighteen months after the event. In Japan the increased risk has persisted for thirteen years with the time of maximum risk approximately four to eight years following radiation. 128 references, 2 figures, 14 tables.

Ophthalmologic survey of atomic bomb survivors in Japan, 1949. Atomic bomb radiation cataract case report with histopathologic study. Medical examination of Hiroshima patients with radiation cataracts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cogan, D.G.; Martin, S.F.; Kimura, S.J.; Ikui, Hiroshi; Fillmore, P.G.

1959-01-01

This document contains 3 reports dealing with the delayed effects of radiation on the eyes of survivors of the atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In the first study, 1000 persons who were listed as having been in the open and within two kilometers of the hypocenter at the time of the explosion were selected at random from the census files of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission for study. In addition, 231 others, comprising the total available number of surviving persons listed at present in the census files as having been within one kilometer of the hypocenter, were examined, as were several hundred others who were contacted through newspaper publicity, referrals from local ophthalmologists, or through hearsay. The survey resulted in bringing in persons having, or having had, a variety of ocular conditions. Those connected with the atomic bomb included the following diagnoses; multiple injuries of eyes and eyelids; keratoconjunctivitis from ultraviolet and ionizing radiations; thermal burn of the cornea and of the retina; retinitis proliferans; and radiation cataracts. The cataracts were the only delayed manifestations of ocular injury from the atomic bomb. The second paper is a case report of a histopathologic study of atomic bomb radiation cataract. The third paper presents the results of medical examinations of survivors having radiation induced cataracts. 32 references, 8 figures. (DMC)

Research and development of cooled turbine for aircraft engines. Koku engine yo reikyaku turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maya, T; Yamawaki, S [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1994-05-01

For the turbine which is one of the principal elements of aircraft engine, progress in turbine use material development and cooling performance further heightened for the turbine are needed to grapple with the required heightening of turbine inlet temperature. In the present paper based on the turbine inlet temperature designed to be 1600[degree]C as a target, a two-dimensional model used for the turbine cooling performance test was structurally given together with the result of the above test which aimed at confirming the design calculation. As a result of cooling design for the turbine which was about 1600[degree]C in inlet temperature, the highest gas temperature was 1890 and 1470[degree]C on the stator blade and rotor blade, respectively. Both those blades were 0.66 and 0.62, respectively in cooling efficiency. To test the cooling performance, a two-dimensional cascade was tested with a doubly amplified model of cooling blade, the use of which could set its Reynolds number near that of the actual one. As compared with the actual operation, the test was made at low temperatures of 400 to 500[degree]C and low pressures of 0.02 to 0.03MPa. The test agreed with the design calculation in result. 4 refs., 8 figs.

FY1995 basic research for neuroactive materials; 1995 nendo shinkei kino zairyo kaihatsu ni kansuru kiban kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Development of nenroactive materials to improve neuronal defects is one of the most important subjects in Japan that will soon become a aging society. In this project, basic research for neuroactive molecule was performed to develop technology for neuronal regeneration, regulation of synaptic activity and interface between artificial surface and living neurons. A novel neurite promoting factor was discovered and its cDNA was cloned. Mutagenesis in vitro showed that a functional region of this factor located in a polypeptide of less than 50 aminoacids. Using neuronal culture, synapse formation was found to depend on two modes of activities and long-lasting synaptic potentiation was demonstrated to depend on a macromolecules released from pre- or postsynaptic neurons. To regulate nervous activities, photoactivated caged-peptide was developed and confirmed to change in affinity to its receptor. Neurons were cultured on substrates paterned by microlithography. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on the research and development to lead to gas hydrate using technology. Research and development on exploration, research and development on drilling technologies, survey and research on a method to evaluate environmental impact, and survey and research on a utilization system; 1997 nendo gas haidoreto shigenka gijutsu sendo kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tansanado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu, kussaku gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu, kankyo eikyo hyokaho no chosa kenkyu, riyo system ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-09-01

The present study is intended to analyze comprehensively geophysical, geological and geochemical data, and establish a technology to estimate distribution of gas hydrate (GH) in sea areas around Japan. It is also intended to develop a high-accuracy resource amount calculating method utilizing the result of excavation of GH planned in the future. In order to achieve these goals, the following activities are performed: (1) study on a method to estimate production environment of GH deposits, (2) development of a method to estimate GH stability areas by using the crust thermal flow measuring method, and (3) study on estimation of GH distribution and wide-area potential. For the study (1), an inorganic element analyzer was introduced, and calibration of devices was performed in fiscal 1997. A survey was carried out on literatures related to distribution of inorganic elements and process of GH deposit production. In the study (2), design and trial fabrication were executed on a high-accuracy crust thermal flow measuring device, capable of long-term continuous observation. In the study (3), re-processing focusing on BSR was implemented by using the latest computer and analysis software on the data in which BSR has been confirmed in the surveys done in the past on sea areas around Japan. (NEDO)

Radiation-related posterior lenticular opacities in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors based on T65DR and DS86 dosimetry systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otake, Masanori; Schull, W.J.

1989-10-01

This paper investigates the quantitative relationship of ionizing radiation to the occurrence of posterior lenticular opacities among the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as suggested by the DS86 dosimetry system. DS86 doses are available for 1,983 (93.4%) of the 2,124 A-bomb survivors analyzed in 1982. In the DS86 system, both gamma-ray and neutron regression coefficients for the best-fitting model are positive and highly significant for the estimated energy deposited in the eye, here termed the eye organ dose. The DS86 gamma regression coefficient is almost the same as that associated with the T65DR gamma kerma, the ratio of the two coefficients being 1.1 (95% confidence limits: 0.5 - 2.3) for D86 kerma in the individual data. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values based on the individual gamma and neutron components of the DS86 eye organ dose are estimated to be 32.4 + 0.73/(D ν - 0.06)>0 with the 95% confidence limits ranging from 11.8 to 88.8 + 1.39/(D ν - 0.06)>0, where D ν is the neutron dose in gray. It is suggested that the neutron component could be more important for the eyes than for other sites of the body. Finally, it is interesting to observe that a linear-quadratic gamma and linear neutron model with two thresholds, which fits the data less well, produces very similar estimates of the two thresholds as the linear gamma-linear neutron-response model. In this model, however, the regression coefficient is not significantly associated with the quadratic gamma response. (J.P.N.)

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment form NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of technologies to invent original high-functional materials (technical development of structure control materials / R and D of molecular harmonized materials); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kozo seigyo zairyo gijutsu kaihatsu) bunshi kyocho zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

By establishing microtechnology using molecular-level bottoming-up (molecular harmonization) by imitating the system of living organism, the paper described the R and D of molecular harmonized materials aiming at developing high-functional/high-performance materials such as high-performance catalyst, photo-information functional materials and sensing materials. Under consignment from NEDO, Japan Chemical innovation Institute started the 5-year plan in fiscal 1997. Self-assembled molecular films, in which organic molecules are orderly arranged by self-assembly, aim at developing new memory/optical/sensing materials. Mesophase materials which are such materials as liquid crystal showing the intermediate state between solid and liquid, develop optical/photoconductive materials using precise molecular orientation controllability. Macroporous materials are such substances as zeolite having molecular size micro pores. The paper aims at establishment of synthesis techniques of them and development of high-performance catalyst, etc. using them. In the comprehensive investigational research, conducted was a survey of the trend overseas in addition to a study of subjects in question. Further, the supporting basic study was reconsigned to universities, etc. 57 refs., 62 figs., 17 tabs.

Research and development of basic technologies for next-generation industries. Evaluation of 2nd phase research and development of technologies of mass culture of cells; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu saibo tairyo baiyo gijutsu. Dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1987-03-30

The project aims to establish basic technologies for the mass culture of cells which will enable a large, stable supply of fine chemical products whose industrial production the conventional technique of synthesis has failed to realize. In the 1st phase, cell stains were selected, a serumless medium was developed, basic culturing conditions were established, and substances production rates were improved, and the 2nd phase stands succeeding these 1st phase achievements. Toward the ultimate goal of establishing basic technologies for serumless high-density cultures for industrial use and technologies for isolating and refining useful substances, a small-scale optimum culture technique and a serumless culture technique are developed. Serumless cultures are developed for strains of man's lymphoid cells, cells deriving from bone marrow, epithelial cells, and hybridomas of man and mouse, all these sampled during the 1st phase endeavors. Success is attained in growing each cell strain on a scale of 1-10L to increase to 10{sup 7} cells/ml or more in population density. It is found that each cell strain produces useful substances, such as man's monoclonal antibodies and elements involved in the multiplication or differentiation of new cells. (NEDO)

R and D project for large industrial technologies in fiscal 1989. Report on achievements in R and D of robots for critical works; 1989 nendo seika hokokusho. Ogata kogyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Kyokugen sagyo robot no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1990-03-01

Research and development have been performed on basic technologies common to different types of robots to carry out works in critical conditions. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1989. In the R and D of sensor technologies, a prototype tri-axial one-millimeter sensor array and a signal processing device were produced and evaluations were given. A prototype production and evaluations were made on a system that can recognize comprehensively the slip, hardness, and moment as the tri-axial tactile information. In the R and D of motive force technologies, discussions were given on improvement of sensitivity of the torque sensor in the actuator for force control. Design and prototype fabrication were carried out on a speed reducer integrated actuator having a torque sensor for the manipulator's elbow joint. In addition, a force controlled controller was fabricated on a trial basis, which compensates the non-linearity of the force controlled actuator by means of software control. In the R and D of the robot languages, an application program was prepared on a representative work related to movements of a critical work robot. Verification was also conducted on the reasonability of the grammar specifications. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next-generation industries. Evaluation of 2nd phase research and development of technologies of mass culture of cells; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu saibo tairyo baiyo gijutsu. Dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1987-03-30

The project aims to establish basic technologies for the mass culture of cells which will enable a large, stable supply of fine chemical products whose industrial production the conventional technique of synthesis has failed to realize. In the 1st phase, cell stains were selected, a serumless medium was developed, basic culturing conditions were established, and substances production rates were improved, and the 2nd phase stands succeeding these 1st phase achievements. Toward the ultimate goal of establishing basic technologies for serumless high-density cultures for industrial use and technologies for isolating and refining useful substances, a small-scale optimum culture technique and a serumless culture technique are developed. Serumless cultures are developed for strains of man's lymphoid cells, cells deriving from bone marrow, epithelial cells, and hybridomas of man and mouse, all these sampled during the 1st phase endeavors. Success is attained in growing each cell strain on a scale of 1-10L to increase to 10{sup 7} cells/ml or more in population density. It is found that each cell strain produces useful substances, such as man's monoclonal antibodies and elements involved in the multiplication or differentiation of new cells. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on research and development of power generation by solid electrolyte fuel cell. Research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cell; 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu kenkyu seika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-06-01

This project is aimed at establishment of the module basic technology and commercialization of the solid electrolyte fuel cell in the early stage by designing, construction, operation and performance evaluation of a several kW-class module which incorporates the cylindrical cell fabricated by the wet process. The FY 1999 R and D efforts include (1) cell performance demonstration study: the cylindrical single cell fabricated by the wet process is demonstration-tested to determine the initial performance and durability for continuous operation, thereby comparing the external reforming with internal reforming in output, with the internal reforming rate as the parameter, (2) development of a several kW-class module: the adequate cell arrangement structure within the module is studied by the computer-aided simulation, and the tests for confirming thermal cycle durability of the modified bundle are conducted using the module power generation unit and the several kW-class module is tested, and (3) development of the technology for designing a thermally supported module: the effects of, e.g., air and fuel supply conditions on the module performance are analyzed using the analytical model as the base. Expansion of the module level to the process simulation model has been completed, based on these results. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 research report on development of the advanced industrial furnace (R and D on the advanced industrial furnace). Volume 3; 1998 nendo koseino kogyoro no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koseino kogyoro nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This report summarizes the research results of the chapter 4 and 5 (experimental database) from the research report on development of the advanced industrial furnace. The chapter 4 summarizes functions of the temperature performance evaluation simulator of the advanced continuous heating furnace for the database system, and various research results obtained by the simulator. This chapter also summarizes the research result on the applicability of high-temperature air combustion to other industries, the patent research result on heat storage combustion technology, the basic technology research result, and the reaction analysis result by FLUENT. The chapter 5 summarizes the combustion experiment data collection by developing self-completion high-temperature high-radiation heating technology. As for R and D on technology optimizing the profile of heating furnaces, the following data are summarized: measurement data of heat transfer in furnaces and heat flux data at right overhead furnace temperature under cold air and preheated air combustion in conventional furnaces, and heat storage combustion. (NEDO)

1998 Annual Study Report. Research and development of power storage by high-temperature superconducting flywheels. Research and development of high-temperature superconducting materials; 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Koon chodendo flywheel denryoku chozo kenkyu kaihatsu (koon chodendozai no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

This R and D program is aimed at optimization of superconductors for improved levitation force of the superconducting magnetic bearings which support a 10 MWh power storage system by high-temperature superconducting flywheel (FW), to clarify possibility of sizing up the FW body and R and D themes for the commercialization. The processes are screened to simultaneously solve the conflicting targets of sizing up the sample of the Y-based bulk superconducting material and improved crystal orientation of the whole bearing, leading to selection of multi-seeding. The sample made on a trial basis improves levitation force by approximately 30%. It is considered that the OCMG-processed rare-earth-based superconducting material can generate very strong electromagnetic force, when combined with a permanent magnet. The Ag-doped Sm-based bulk material shows a reduced creep-caused loss of loading force, and a lower loss of Jc resulting from increased temperature than the Y-based one, decreasing AC loss and controlling temperature rise. The running characteristics and mechanical strength of the FW, and causes for temporal changes are investigated, in order to evaluate the superconducting material characteristics. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Development of inverter technology for photovoltaic (PV) system which is connected to the utility grid; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukusu kino tan`itsuka shuhen sochi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on development of integrated multifunctional peripheral equipment in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of inverters with no transformer, the following study results were obtained. Converter efficiency reached the target of 95.0% by using an improved general purpose IGBT as switching element of main circuit. Distortion factor of output current harmonics achieved 5% in total current distortion factor, and less than 3% in each order harmonic current one. In control of the DC part of output current, the target less than 0.3% was achieved by inserting a capacitor into detection signal circuit and by detection/correction control of current detector offset. Detection level of 100mA was achieved for DC grounding detection by installing a DC grounding detector in the DC input side of inverters. VCCI 1 level was also achieved for EMI measurement. (2) On development of integrated multifunctional peripheral equipment, evaluation test of the prototype equipment of 0.025m{sup 3} in volume and 17kg in mass was carried out. 3 figs., 1 tab.

R and D project for large industrial technologies in fiscal 1990. Report on achievements in R and D of robots for critical works; 1990 nendo seika hokokusho. Ogata kogyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Kyokugen sagyo robot no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-01-01

Research and development have been performed on basic technologies common to different types of robots to carry out works in critical conditions. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1990. In the R and D of tactile sensors, a prototype multi-element sensor array applicable to fingers of a robot hand was produced, and the characteristics test was conducted. In the R and D of motive force technologies, a force controlled actuator for wrist containing a torque sensor was designed and produced on a trial basis, whereas evaluations were given on the size and weight reduction and the force control performance. Regarding the actuator with redundant degree of freedom, a force controlled arm was attached with an actuator with three degrees of freedom to have performed an evaluation experiment. With regard to a small size and light weight controller, fabrication was carried out on a multi-function, high-density controller which adds positional control and peripheral interface functions to the force controlling function, and an evaluation was given. In the R and D of robot language, discussions were given on robot languages related to each system of movement, manipulation, and sensors, and the grammar specifications were prepared. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Research and development of anti-corrosion technologies for oil production system); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Shinaji ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A computer simulation-aided designing technology is completed to help develop synergy ceramics which are complicated in phase constitution and material structure. A program, which simulates sintering and particle growth for multiple solid-state and solid-state/liquid-phase systems, has been built assuming the form of an integrated micro/nano level simulation technology based on the Monte Carlo method. The new program applies to systems consisting of more than three different phases, and deals in a uniform way with the designing of various textures formable by transfer of matters in solid-state particle growth, Ostwalt ripening, solid-state sintering, liquid-phase sintering, and additive reaction. The Monte Carlo method-assisted program is applied to systems based on AlN, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and a good result is achieved in each case. The molecular dynamic method is mainly used in atom level simulation for application to ZrO{sub 2}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Si-C-N, and a good result is achieved in each case. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'light-reactive materials'. Evaluation on the second term research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'hikari hanno zairyo'. Dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Research and evaluation was performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to light-reactive materials that control the structures and status of aggregation of molecules by using actions of light, and can be used for ultra-high density recording, high resolution indication and light switches. In elucidating the basic characteristics of photochromic materials, a non-destructively readable recording system was proposed and demonstrated, highly durable and high-functional photochromic compounds were developed, and a number of material design guidelines were accumulated to realize characteristics required in light-beam recording. With regard to development of the photochromic materials, realization of photochromic thin films that can record wavelengths in multiplex manner has become more realistic. For elucidating basic characteristics of PHB materials, a method for evaluation from a number of directions including the time method for photon echo was established in addition to the conventional frequency recording characteristics. Regarding the elucidation of the PHB phenomenon, demonstration was carried out on intermediate zone structure control in diversified material systems including living organism substances, where a large number of findings were accumulated. (NEDO)

FY 1991 Research and development project for large-scale industrial technologies. Report on results of R and D of superhigh technological machining systems; 1991 nendo chosentan kako system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chosentan kako system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1991 results of the R and D project aimed at establishment of superprecision machining technologies for developing machining technologies and nano-technologies aided by excited beams. The researches on the superprecision machining technologies involve design and development, on a trial basis, of the totally static pressure type positioning device, for which automatically controlling drawing is adopted to improve its rigidity. The researches on the surface modification technologies aided by ion beams involve scanning the ion beams onto the metallic plate to be provided around the glass substrate. The results indicate that the secondary electrons generated can be used to control charge-up. In addition, part of a 30cm square glass substrate is modified by implantation of the spot type ions of high current density, and the modified portion is used to produce a thin-film silicon transistor. The researches on superhigh-technological machining standard measurement involve improvement of precision of the system aided by a dye laser, which attains a precision of 0 to 30nm in a 0.1m measurement range. (NEDO)

Some hematological disorders among atomic bomb survivors. Presidential Address

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Susumu

1977-01-01

Focusing on their hematological disorders, the late radiation effects among Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors, including cytogenetic and cytological studies, are summarized and discussed. Because of personal research experience, the data were concentrated on the Hiroshima survivors

The mutual exchange of the doctors and the information on radiation related medicine between Kazakhstan and Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dohi Hiroo

2000-01-01

The purpose of IPPNW is prevention of nuclear wars. As the first city suffered by Atomic Bomb, Doctors in Hiroshima Medical Community has a strongest wish to peace. IPPNW has been established in 1981 with the co-operative works of US and former Soviet Union. HICARE, Hiroshima International Council for Health Care of the Radiation-Exposed, was established in 1991. The purpose is, for the benefit of radiation-exposed populations in various parts of the world, to make the expertise available that has been accumulated in Hiroshima from the health care of A-bomb survivors and research on A-bomb radiation effects. By the concept of above HICARE accepted 9 researches from Kazakstan from 1992. And HICARE team visited Kazakstan twice. Firstly, in 1998 Professor Kamada visited here. He and other persons attended the second international meeting on the radiation, ecology and health, which was held in Semipalatinsk. They worked with the cooperation with other members from Hiroshima. Secondly, in 1999 five members visited with two Kazakstan researchers studying in Hiroshima. The aim of this mission was technical assistance from the thyroid examination of the people and the decision on the future direction

The maximum allowable temperature of zircaloy-2 fuel cladding under dry storage conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mayuzumi, M.; Yoshiki, S.; Yasuda, T.; Nakatsuka, M.

1990-09-01

Japan plans to reprocess and reutilise the spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power generation. However, the temporary storage of spent fuel is assuming increasing importance as a means of ensuring flexibility in the nuclear fuel cycle. Our investigations of various methods of storage have shown that casks are the most suitable means of storing small quantities of spent fuel of around 500 t, and research and development are in progress to establish dry storage technology for such casks. The soundness of fuel cladding is being investigated. The most important factor in evaluating soundness in storage under inert gas as currently envisaged is creep deformation and rupture, and a number of investigations have been made of the creep behaviour of cladding. The present study was conducted on the basis of existing in-house results in collaboration with Nippon Kakunenryo Kaihatsu KK (Nippon Nuclear Fuel Department Co.), which has hot lab facilities. Tests were run on the creep deformation behaviour of irradiated cladding, and the maximum allowable temperature during dry storage was investigated. (author)

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of new software structuring models (R and D of micromachine cooperative control use software); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Shin software kozoka model no kenkyu kaihatsu (bisho kikai kyocho seigyoyo software no kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A R and D was conducted of software structuring models which ease the development and maintenance of software systems and meet diversification of needs. As for the study of the cooperative control use programming language, a R and D of agent oriented language Flage was carried out for expansion of language function, arrangement of network function, development of exercises, etc. As to the formulation of agent knowledge, proposed were processes to make a program from the specifications, and EVA, a mechanism in response to changes in the specifications of existing programs. In relation to the basic theory of cooperation system, a study was made mainly of object oriented attribute grammar OOAG as a model representing cooperative computation in software process as a rule group. Concerning the study of the situation recognition mechanism, researched were models of communication and reasoning among agents in cooperation. 187 refs., 107 figs., 23 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 result of the R and D project of industrial science and technology under consignment from NEDO. R and D of creation technology of original advanced materials (R and D of creation technology of original advanced materials); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo (Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku). Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D of creation technology of original advanced materials in the R and D project of industrial science and technology. Although new material technology is dependent on the needs of a future society, it should correspond to a global environment preservation society, information-oriented society and aging society as observed based on the present social trend, and new materials superior in hot strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, decomposability, photo-function, magnetism, conductivity, bio-copying and adaptability are demanded. This project is in promotion since fiscal 1996 to develop formation technology of high-performance advanced new materials by precise molecular control of structure and production process of organic polymers and molecular assemblies. The research started on 4 themes such as advanced stimulus-response material, precision catalytic polymerization, condensed system structure control and multi-dimensional polymer structure. The research on molecule harmonizing material was added in fiscal 1997. In fiscal 1997, the general committee discussed a progress situation and next year research plan, and surveyed an overseas technology trend. 1 fig.

FY 1997 research and development of fusion domains. Part 2. Studies on bionic design; 1997 nendo seika hokokusho (yugo ryoiki kenkyu kaihatsu). 1. Bionic design no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Studies were conducted on actuator function in bio materials, cells, structures, and living organisms, and on structuring a biological molecule machine. In the study on soft biological structures, biological compatibility of artificial glass bodies using ultra-polymeric PVA was found very high, raising expectation on feasibility of their practical use. Three-dimensional structure of glass bodies was made clear for the first time in the world. As a result of separating and purifying cells from a liver for the first time in the world, it was indicated that excellent proliferation performance and differentiation into cells are shown. With regard to hydroxyapatite in hard biological structure such as bones and teeth, single crystals were synthesized, and growth rate on the surface C was measured successfully. For molecular motors, studies are being performed on functions of twin-head structure in biological protein enzyme. In molecule structuring, studies were conducted on preparation of a hydrogenase LB membrane as an electric-hydrogen energy conversion element, and structuring of protein molecular structure using gene recombination. 69 refs., 37 figs., 8 tabs.

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Research on surface passivation for high-efficiency silicon solar cells; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Hyomen passivation no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saito, T [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Technology

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on surface passivation of high-efficiency silicon solar cells. In research on carrier recombination on SiO2/doped silicon interface, measurements were carried out on minority carrier life with respect to p-type silicon substrates with which phosphorus with high and low concentrations are diffused uniformly on the surface and non-uniformly on the back and then oxidized. The measurements were performed for the purpose of evaluating the carrier recombination at p-n junctions. Effective life time of oxidized test samples increased longer than that of prior to the oxidization as a result of effect of surface passivation contributing remarkably. In research on reduction in carrier recombination on SiO2/Si interface by using H radical annealing, experiments were conducted by using a method that uses more active H-atoms. As a result, it was revealed that the reduction effect is recognized at as low temperature as 200{degree}C, and photo-bias effect is also noticeable. Other research activities included analytic research on minority carrier recombination on micro crystalline silicon/crystalline silicon interface, and experimental research on evaluation of minority carrier life of poly-crystalline silicon wafers. 6 figs.

Summary of FY 1980 results of Sunshine Project. Development of coal liquefaction techniques; 1980 nendo sekitan ekika gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sunshine keikaku itaku kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

This report summarizes the results of the 3 R and D themes for coal liquefaction techniques, pursued by the Sunshine Project; (1) development of solvent extraction type liquefaction plant, and brown coal liquefaction technique R and D demonstration surveys, (2) development of solvolysis type liquefaction plant, and (3) development of direct hydrogenation type liquefaction plant. For the theme (1), the 1 T/D test plant, solid/liquid separator and small-size continuous settlement separator are constructed, and partly completed. The elementary studies include solvent extraction type liquefaction process, materials for coal liquefaction plant and solid/liquid separation. Australia's Victoria brown coal and Chinese coal are studied to clarify the possible problems involved in liquefaction of these coal species for commercialization of the liquefaction techniques in the early stage. The elementary techniques studied include dehydration of brown coal, milling at high temperature in oil, de-ashing, and secondary and primary hydrogenation. For the theme (2), the 1 T/D plant is inspected and maintained to clarify the problems involved in the continuous operation, revamped and repaired as necessary, given preventive maintenance, and tested for operability confirmation. The elementary studies include solvolysis type liquefaction process, scale-up, hydrogenation plant for solvolysis pitch. For the item (3), the 2.4 T/D test plant is constructed, and the elementary studies are conducted, for, e.g., liquefaction reactions in the presence of an iron-based catalyst. (NEDO)

Summary of FY 1980 results of Sunshine Project. Development of coal liquefaction techniques; 1980 nendo sekitan ekika gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sunshine keikaku itaku kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

This report summarizes the results of the 3 R and D themes for coal liquefaction techniques, pursued by the Sunshine Project; (1) development of solvent extraction type liquefaction plant, and brown coal liquefaction technique R and D demonstration surveys, (2) development of solvolysis type liquefaction plant, and (3) development of direct hydrogenation type liquefaction plant. For the theme (1), the 1 T/D test plant, solid/liquid separator and small-size continuous settlement separator are constructed, and partly completed. The elementary studies include solvent extraction type liquefaction process, materials for coal liquefaction plant and solid/liquid separation. Australia's Victoria brown coal and Chinese coal are studied to clarify the possible problems involved in liquefaction of these coal species for commercialization of the liquefaction techniques in the early stage. The elementary techniques studied include dehydration of brown coal, milling at high temperature in oil, de-ashing, and secondary and primary hydrogenation. For the theme (2), the 1 T/D plant is inspected and maintained to clarify the problems involved in the continuous operation, revamped and repaired as necessary, given preventive maintenance, and tested for operability confirmation. The elementary studies include solvolysis type liquefaction process, scale-up, hydrogenation plant for solvolysis pitch. For the item (3), the 2.4 T/D test plant is constructed, and the elementary studies are conducted, for, e.g., liquefaction reactions in the presence of an iron-based catalyst. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 regional consortium research and development project - regional new technology creation research and development. Practicalization of polymer back light (1st fiscal year); 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu bun'ya seika hokokusho. Polymer back light no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu (daiichi nendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are being exerted to develop technologies for fabricating polyvinyl carbazole thin film, 100 nm or less in average thickness and 400 mm square in area, for the construction of an exothermal sheet utilizing polymer semiconductor light emission diodes. Activities are conducted in the three fields of (1) the development of large area light emission sheets for use in polymer LEDs (light emission diodes), (2) the study of manufacturing technologies, and (3) the study of technologies for testing, analyzing, and evaluating the material. In field (1), a polyvinyl carbazole thin film is fabricated by the use of a low viscosity resin liquid application method, and a film fabrication technique is established for fabricating a thin film on a 400 mm square substrate within {+-}3 nm of film thickness error. In field (2), studies are conducted of an integrated large area thin film application/transportation system, application device mechanisms, and control sequences for application devices. Through studies of technical literature, exhibitions, and research institute meetings in Japan and overseas, it is concluded that the polymer back light is commercially feasible. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research on amorphous silicon defect density); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (Amorphous silicon no kekkan mitsudo no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

So as to determine the energy distribution of defect level density in a-Si, which is indispensable for an optimum solar cell design, the hitherto unclear theoretical relationship between the field effect method and MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) capacity method is made clear, and a unified theory is newly established. A high-speed totally automatic evaluation system is developed, capable of high-accuracy determination of defect levels. For the realization of an a-Si MOS structure required for fulfilling the above purpose, a-Si is grown and then diborane and ammonia are subjected to a glow discharge decomposition process for the formation of a new insulation film. It is found that the material may be utilized for MOS structure construction for defect density evaluation. Studies are conducted on plasma emission spectroscopy and infrared absorption analysis for the elucidation of growth mechanism for the growth of high-quality a-Si. Key radicals in plasma that govern film growth are investigated. It is disclosed that excited hydrogen in plasma plays an important part in microcrystalline phase deposition. It is also disclosed that hydrogenation greatly improves on CVD (chemical vapor deposition) a-Si doping efficiency. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 regional consortium research and development project - regional new technology creation research and development. Development of micro-array for next generation gene analysis (1st fiscal year); 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Jisedai idenshi kaiseki micro array no kaihatsu (daiichi nendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are under way to construct a novel DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) micro-array for gene diagnosis on the basis of technologies of laser scan type manipulation, nanometric position detection, and micro-machining. Using these technologies, structural changes to accompany reactions induced in the probe DNA deposited on an array are detected for the identification of the DNA. Activities are conducted in the four fields of (1) the study of probe DNA fixation technology, (2) development of an optical detection system, (3) detailed check of DNA micro-array performance evaluation technologies, and (4) a comprehensive survey. In field (1), gold colloid modified DNA molecules are designed and evaluated, and the fixation of DNA to substrates and technologies for integration are studied. In field (2), the gold colloid modified DNA is fixed on a thin gold film, and then a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is observed in the wake of hybridization. Furthermore, a Brownian motion is observed of the metal particles fixed on a glass substrate via DNA. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 regional consortium research and development project - regional new technology creation research and development. Development of system-on-chip mobile IC power source (1st fiscal year); 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki shingijutsu soshutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. System on chip mobile IC dengen no kaihatsu (daiichinendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are made to develop a switched capacitor (SC) integration technology based on the technology of switched capacitor power sources capable of efficiently performing voltage conversion without using magnetic parts such as coils. Activities are conducted in the six fields of (1) deciding on a programmable SC circuit, (2) circuit simulation, (3) layout design, (4) marketing and the contents and results of the studies, (5) profitability and the contents and results of the studies, and (6) a patent information survey. In field (1), a series fixed type DC-DC converter and a ring type converter are compared with each other in terms of electrical and theoretical characteristics, the number of devices to constitute the circuit, and ease of control, and the ring type converter is selected to serve as a general purpose SC power source. An efficiency simulation is conducted, as the result of which it is proved that the power source have the features that a practical power source should have. In field (2), for carrying out integration for the selected SC power source, a circuit simulation is conducted for the disclosure of IC power source constituent characteristics and dimensions are determined for the layout. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999 on research and development of the industrial and scientific technology. Research and development of synergy ceramics (development of a technology to rationalize use of energies); 1999 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (energy shiyo gorika gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999 on research and development of a technology to use synergy ceramics as a material, its application technology and the common base technology. In the research of high-function active materials, development was made on catalyst and electrode materials having the selection, separation and rinsing functions, and discussions were given on materials for thermoelectric conversion of oxides. In the research and development of new thermoelectric conversion ceramics materials, searches were made on cobalt and nickel containing compound oxides. In the development of corrosion-resistant electrochemical cell materials, the honeycomb type was devised, and a technology was developed to form honeycombs laminated with different materials. In developing self-lubricating functional materials, silicon nitride with solid lubricant of MoO{sub 3} dispersed on the surface layer was developed, wherein tribological characteristics were evaluated. In developing ultra-smooth low friction materials, studies were carried out on reducing friction by controlling silicon nitride and its surface structure, placing lifter shims in an automotive engine as the application object. The joint research with the National Research Institute performed evaluations on the compound function manifestation process. (NEDO)

Leukemia among atomic bomb survivors during the 1980s

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kusumi, Shizuyo; Matsuo, Tatsuki

1990-01-01

On the basis of the dosimetry system 1986, exposure doses were determined in a cohort of 86,502 subjects for the Life Span Study during the period 1950-1985. A total of 248 people were found to develop leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities. This is an analysis of the 248 patients with leukemia in connection with exposure doses, years after A-bombing, age at the time of A-bombing, relative risk, and background. An average exposure dose was 0.20 Gy for Hiroshima and 0.22 Gy for Nagasaki. Relative risk for leukemia tended to show a linear increase in proportion to exposure doses. This was significant for acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), regardless of whether A-bomb survivors came from Hiroshima or Nagasaki. The younger the age at the time of A-bombing was, the higher excess relative risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) was. For AML, however, it was independent of the age at that time. These findings were similar in Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors, irrespective of age. As for non-exposed group, the incidence of CML was three times higher in Hiroshima citizen than Nagasaki citizen. Similarly, Hiroshima citizen had a 1.6 fold incidence of AML. There was no significant difference in the incidence of ALL between the cities. The incidences of both AML and ALL tended to increase more and more with aging, but the prevalences tended to increase in younger generation. An increased incidence of CML was associated with aging alone. (N.K.)

A comparative study of oral health attitudes and behavior using the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) between dental and civil engineering students in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Jaramillo, Jorge A; Jaramillo, Fredy; Kador, Itzjak; Masuoka, David; Tong, Liyue; Ahn, Chul; Komabayashi, Takashi

2013-03-01

The aim of this study was to use the Hiroshima University - Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) to compare oral health attitudes and behavior of dental and civil engineering students in Colombia. The HU-DBI's survey consisting of twenty dichotomous responses (agree-disagree) regarding tooth brushing, was completed at University Antonio Narino for the dental students and the University of Cauca for the civil engineering students. The Spanish version of the HU-DBI questionnaire was taken by 182 of 247 dental students and 411 of 762 engineering students. The data was-statistically analyzed by the chi-square test and backward logistic regression. Compared to the engineering students, the dental students were more likely to agree with questions such as "I am bothered by the color of my gums"(OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7),"I think I can clean my teeth well without using toothpaste" (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.5-5.9), "I have used a dye to see how clean my teeth are" (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.3), and "I have had my dentist tell me that I brush very well" (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.1). The dental education curriculum in a dental school compared to a civil engineering school in Colombia indicated that a three-phase curriculum in didactics and clinics increased oral health attitudes and behavior from entry to graduation.

76 FR 66130 - Mazda North American Operations, Grant of Petition for Decision of Inconsequential Noncompliance

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-25

... Mazda Motor Corporation of Hiroshima, Japan (Mazda), has determined the lens of the headlamps equipped... December 16, 2009. \\1\\ Mazda Motor Corporation of Hiroshima, Japan (Mazda) is the manufacturer of the...-0141; Notice 2] Mazda North American Operations, Grant of Petition for Decision of Inconsequential...

Research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation, 'composite materials (quality evaluation techniques)'. Evaluation of the first phase research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'fukugo zairyo (hinshitsu hyoka gijutsu)'. Zenki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The results of the first phase research and development project for developing composite materials as the basic technologies of the next generation are evaluated, and the directions of the R and D evaluation for the second phase are set up. The efforts in the first-phase R and D project are aimed at development of methods for measuring carbon fiber surface structure elements; confirmation of the relationship between adhesive shear strength and active surface area; development of methods for determining fracture toughness by standard specimens; estimation of allowable void fraction for inter-layer shear strength; defect detection and quality evaluation by electromagnetic, ultrasonic, laser holography and AE methods; development of methods for detecting resin setting reactions during the molding processes; and understanding deteriorated mechanical characteristics of the resin-based composites by environmental factors, among others. The objectives of the first-phase project have been almost achieved. It is decided that the second-phase R and D project are directed to investigations on the relationship between surface properties of the fibers in the composites and fiber/matrix adhesion; researches on mechanical characteristics involved in fracture of the structural elements; evaluation of mechanical properties of the metal-based composites and investigations on detecting their defects; elucidation of the effects of environmental factors on their strength; and development of the techniques for integrating detection of molding-induced cracking and that of setting reactivity, among others. (NEDO)

National research and development project. Report on evaluation of research and development of remotely controlled excavators for highly deep submarine oil fields; Ogata kenkyu kaihatsu project. Daishindo enkaku sosa kaitei sekiyu kussaku sochi no kenkyu kaihatsu ni kakawaru hyoka hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-02-04

Described herein are results of evaluation of the developed excavators remotely controlled for highly deep submarine oil fields. The excavator system was designed to work at the target water depth of 200 to 250 m and excavation depth of 8,000 to 9,000 m, though not quite satisfactorily. There were several practical problems to be solved, e.g., those found in accuracy of reentry in the excavated section, cables connecting the driving equipment to the excavated section, and entangled hoses. The works were divided and system was configured in an attempt to secure all-weather type serviceability and to improve economic viability. The other major works included attempts to improve equipment functions and reduce manpower cost. Nevertheless, however, the construction cost was considered to be higher than expected, and no firm prospect was obtained whether the new excavator system was economically competitive with the conventional rig. The factors that pushed up the construction cost were various facilities needed by the new system with the separated excavation and driving sections, e.g., those facilities for helping the system land on the sea bottoms, material supply/storage facilities, and automated/unmanned facilities. The system failure and other items related to reliability are no clearly understood, making it difficult to compare it with the conventional rig in service factor. It was not adequate, therefore, to advance the next R and D phase as planned, and decided that the project was suspended to see the world development trends, because the clear plans for the future could not be drawn at that time. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar heat power generation system (R and D on curved reflector light collection system); 1974 nendo taiyonetsu hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. kyokumen shuko hoshiki system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-30

This report composed of 6 parts summarizes the fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project research result on the solar heat power generation system with a curved reflector light collection system. Part 1 outlines the research target, research result and research system. Part 2 describes each research item in detail. This part on system and hardware researches is composed of (1) study on 1,000kW system, (2) development of plane/parabolic reflector light collection equipment, (3) development of parabolic reflector light collection equipment, (4) development of selective transparent membrane and selective absorption surface, and (5) study on heat storage equipment and heat exchange equipment. Part 3 describes the future R and D plan for every year focusing the fiscal 1975 R and D plan. Part 4 describes various cooperative activities with other research groups such as various committees related to the Sunshine Project, universities and Electrotechnical Laboratory. Part 5 describes several patents produced during this R and D. Part 6 summarizes the results on this R and D. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation in fiscal 1981. Research and development of composite materials; 1981 nendo jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu itaku kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Fukugo zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 1981 research and development for composite materials, established by the R and D system for the basic technologies of the next generation. The R and D project for resin-based composite materials involves basic researches on the matrix resins, and surface modification of the reinforcing fibers. The investigations and basic tests are conducted for monolithic molding, other types of molding, and cutting and boring by, e.g., laser beams and water jet. The other related efforts include researches on analysis theories for optimization of strength and rigidity of the composite structures, and development of the optimization programs. For the R and D project for the metal-based composite materials, the efforts are directed to understanding wettability and reactivity of the reinforcing fibers with metals, and development of the techniques for producing various types of preforms and compositing methods. The basic researches are conducted for hot pressing/rolling molding, extrusion/withdrawal, powder molding and melt molding of the composite materials with aluminum alloys as the matrices. The other R and D items include investigations on methods for evaluating qualities for the steps form the stock preparation to production of the final products. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar heat power generation system (R and D on tower solar collection system); 1974 nendo taiyonetsu hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tower shuko hoshiki system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-29

This report summarizes the fiscal 1974 research result on the solar heat power generation system with a tower light collection system. This system receives solar radiation energy by reflector group, and concentrates solar energy reflected by each reflector on the heat absorber mounted on the top of the tower. A ratio of the whole reflector group area to the receiving area of the heat absorber is called a concentration factor. The heat absorber converts concentrated dense radiation energy to thermal energy, and transfers heated thermal medium to the bottom of the tower to supply solar heat to a thermal plant after appropriate treatment. Based on the above basic idea, study was made on the total system and each subsystem, and some problems on component equipment and materials were extracted. After solving these problems and improving the whole system accuracy, these results are put to practical use for design and operation of an actual pilot plant. The main research items are as follows: feasibility study, simulation, element study, preparation of a 10kWT test equipment, and planning of a 1,000kW class pilot plant. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of synergy ceramics (research and development of technologies to prevent corrosion in petroleum production systems); 1999 nendo synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This research and development has been performed on the following themes: 1. Material realizing technology, and advanced evaluation and design technology (1-(1) ultra precision materials, 1-(2) high-temperature energy materials, 1-(3) basic member design technology, 1-(4) materials having function to detect stresses and micro destruction, 1-(5) porous materials to control gas hole patterns, and 1-(6) materials having self-restoring/self-lubricating function); 2. Application technology (2-(1) materials having substance and light selecting function, 2-(2) high wear resistant and easy-to-process materials, 2-(3) high-performance resistance materials for electric power devices, and 2-(4) flexible sliding materials); 3. Formation of common base technologies. 4. Report on achievements in countries making joint researches. In Item 1-(1), micro destruction mechanisms were analyzed, and the directionality of material structure control was clarified. In Item 1-(2), controlled closing holes were introduced. In Item 1-(3), polycrystalline alumina, polycrystalline zirconia, and zirconia particle dispersed alumina were evaluated microscopically and macroscopically. In Item (4), Y-TZP/Ni nano-compound materials were fabricated successfully. In Item 1-(5), destruction behavior of porous ceramics was studied. In Item 1-(6), characteristics were investigated on Fe(Al)Al2O3 which was fabricated on the trial basis. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribbon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-30

This research includes (1) basic study on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method, (2) basic design of continuous Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling mechanism, (3) basic study on vertically pulled Si ribbon crystal, (4) study on capillary materials for capillary crystal pulling method, and (5) basic study on AlAs-GaAs system compound semiconductors. In the 1st research, for Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling growth, the ribbon crystal pulling equipment was prepared and modified, and Si crystals were obtained by capillary and web methods. In the 2nd research, for development of Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling growth technology, study was made on the simple energy-saving resource-saving continuous automatic production process. In the 3rd research, measurement was made on various characteristics of ribbon crystals. In the 4th research, study was made on requirements of capillary materials from the viewpoint of capillary growth mechanism. In the 5th research, basic technology for solar cell production was established through growth experiments of AlAs-GaAs mixed crystals and multiple epitaxial crystal layers. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-efficiency polymeric separation membrane material'. Evaluation on first term final research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokoritsu kobunshi bunrimaku zairyo (daiikki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The first term has performed research and development placing emphasis on that 'the basic study on membrane separation is to be performed systematically to elucidate governing factors in membrane separation'. With respect to water/ethanol separation by using the penetration gasifying method, it was indicated that excellent separation performance can be exhibited by using natural polymers having sugar chain skeleton as a raw material, and by controlling the membrane structure by means of membrane manufacturing methods. For enhancement of performance in water selective permeation type separation membrane, it was shown experimentally that it is important to select a membrane suitable for the object of separation and a separation method that uses the selected membrane. Regarding the water/ethanol separation, it was shown theoretically that the penetration gasifying method can save more energy than the conventional distillation method, where the development target was presented. It was recognized that impregnation type liquid membrane using crown ether can separate amino acid optical isomers. High separation performance was obtained in carbon monoxide/nitrogen separation by using fluid carrier that uses cuprous iodine/1-methyl imidazole. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of synergy ceramics (research and development of ultra-high temperature gas turbine for power generation); 1999 nendo synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Hatsuden'yo chokoon gas turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This research and development has been performed on the following themes: (1) high-temperature energy materials, (2) high-function active materials, (3) fundamental member material design technologies, (4) materials to activate specific environmental gases, (5) energy materials having high resistance to silicon groups, (6) porous multi-layer ceramic materials, (7) micro and macro applied analytic technologies, and (8) microscopically destructive analysis technologies. In Item 1, investigations were performed on the relationship of micro columnar particle structure of porous silicon nitride bodies with strength and destruction energy to identify the mechanism for manifestation of these characteristics. In Item 2, catalyst and electrode materials having the selectively separating and cleaning functions were developed, and materials to convert oxides thermo-electrically having high characteristics were discussed. In Item 3, polycrystalline alumina, polycrystalline zirconia, and zirconia particle dispersed alumina were fabricated on the trial basis to give them microscopic and macroscopic evaluations. In Item 4, crystalline hexa-aluminates in single phase were synthesized successfully. In Item 5, a synthesizing experiment was carried out on Ca-{alpha} sialon powder to evaluate and analyze the configuration phase of the product and the particle patterns. In Item 7, the homogenizing method was used to develop a three-dimensional program to analyze the correlation between the microscopic non-homogeneous structure and the macroscopic properties of synergy ceramics. In Item 8, the basic dimensions of porous alumina bodies were discussed based on energy density. (NEDO)

'Research and development of research information infrastructure'. Achievement report on development of parallel processing software technology for discrete value solving methods; Kenkyu joho kiban kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Risanka suchi kaiho no tame no heiretsu shori software gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

Research and development has been performed on a general purpose parallel processing software that can be utilized for value solving methods, such as the finite element method, finite volume method and finite difference method. The achievements of the research and development may be summarized as follows: this parallel platform is parallelized in the concept of the domain division method for the elements (calculation cells), and is applicable to any of the finite element method, finite volume method and finite difference method; a researcher who has developed a program can easily perform the parallelization work to have the parallelizing performance displayed; the platform can be utilized in agreement with several parallel levels that are required by the user; with regard to the parallelization efficiency in large-size problems, it has become possible to execute at an efficiency of higher than 70% for the solver parts by using 32 processors of SR8000 at the computation center of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology; the rigidity matrix preparing part shows an efficiency close to 100%W; and the developed parallel platform is under continued evaluation at the Machine Technology Research Institute and the Material Engineering Research Institute. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribbon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-31

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method for photovoltaic power generation systems. The equipment for simultaneous growth of 3 ribbon crystals was designed and prepared in consideration of capillary die arrangement, vertical pulling method and control method of temperature profiles on the die surface. The temperature profiles on the die surface were controlled by subheaters for 3 parts of each capillary die which were divided longitudinally. Ribbon crystals grew up to 5mm simultaneously through both end dies. By cooling a part of crystal, fast pulling is probably possible. Study was made on the correlation between various crystal defects of Si ribbon crystals and cell characteristics, and in particular, basic characteristics of SiC deposited particles by SEM observation to reduce their impacts. Possibility of simultaneous vertical pulling of crystals was verified by using a capillary carbon die for multi-pulling. Although crystals grew by eutectic reaction under saturated dissolution of carbon, crystals with no transition were obtained. An SiC-coated die was excellent rather than carbon one. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-efficiency polymeric separation membrane material'. Evaluation on second term final research and development (first report); Jisesdai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokoritsu bunshi bunrimaku zairyo (dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

This study is intended to establish a basic technology for innovative high-efficiency separation membrane materials that can be used in areas in which application of membrane separation has been impossible. The water/ethanol separation membrane (for water selective permeation) and water/acetic acid separation membrane (for water selective permeation) achieved separation coefficient and permeation velocity of the world's highest level. The water/ethanol separation membrane (for ethanol selective permeation), although its separation coefficient is lower than the world's highest performance, has high permeation velocity, providing the performance of the worldwide level as seen from the comprehensive viewpoint. The carbon monoxide/nitrogen separation membrane achieved separation coefficient and permeation velocity of the world's highest level. The oxygen/nitrogen separation membrane requires further enhancement in the permeation velocity and stability. Establishment has been performed on separation technologies for membrane separation of non-water soluble aqueous solutions, optical division by using chiral crown ether, high-performance liquid separation by means of plasma surface treatment, and particle separation. Basic analysis has been advanced also on evaluation technologies for gaseous body separation membrane and liquid separation membrane, of which future progress is expected. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-performance crystalline controlled alloys'. Evaluation on final research and development (first report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Koseino kessho seigyo gokin (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

The present research work has been performing research and development of the following alloys: (1) 'single crystalline alloy' , the entire alloy being composed of one crystal eliminating crystalline boundaries as an ultra heat resistant alloy with emphasis placed on improvement in particularly the creep properties, and 'particle dispersion strengthened alloy', in which ultrafine particles of oxides are dispersed uniformly; and (2) 'ultra heat resistant and tough alloy' targeted at high-temperature toughness by using Ni-group allowing ultra plasticity forging processing by micronizing crystal particles, as an ultra plastic and highly tough alloy having better processibility than conventional alloys, and 'light-weight highly tough alloy' aimed at achieving light weight and high toughness by using Ti-group. Achievements derived from the present research and development may be summarized as follows: in alloy development, alloys having performance of the world's highest level or equivalent have been developed; a manufacturing technology to make products with complex shapes has been established by using the alloy material manufacturing technology and the alloy materials developed therefrom, where prototype components of such shapes as turbine blades and turbine disks for jet engines were fabricated successfully; and the big fruit obtained was that a large number of technological experiences were acquired from this research and development. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar heat power generation system (R and D on tower solar collection system); 1976 nendo taiyonetsu hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tower shuko hoshiki system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-05-27

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on tower solar collection system for solar heat power generation systems, and summarizes main specifications of the subsystem, equipment and control of the 1,000kW pilot plant. Based on daily and monthly long-time simulation, various programs were prepared for power generation, heat storage and operation rate of equipment, and real arrangements for total simulation were made. The output fluctuation rate less than 1%/min was obtained by studying a control system flexible for drastic fluctuation of solar radiation using the newly prepared dynamic characteristic equation for a steam loop. 10kW solar collection test was carried out using a pancake type heat absorber. Practical basic analysis was made on a heliostat driving system. A cavity type heat absorber was adopted in consideration of cost, operability and heat discharge. Based on thermal characteristics of a heat storage type heat exchanger using molten salt as heat medium, basic experiment was made on a compact latent heat type heat exchanger. Basic studies were also made on reflector, selective absorption surface and heat storage material. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-performance crystalline controlled alloy'. Evaluation on final research and development (final report); Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Koseino kessho seigyo gokin (saishu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka 2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-05-01

A proposal was given on a new processing process to use Ni-group super alloy, and elucidation was given on super plasticity phenomenon by using non-destructive tests. The Ni-group super heat-resistant alloy Mod. IN-100 subjected to different preforms by means of extrusion was given a super plasticity test at 1,050 degrees C to derive total elongation and 'm' value. As a result, it was disclosed that a material annealed for one hour at 1,070 degrees C after extrusion of 70% at 1,100 degrees C possesses the maximum 'm' value in the vicinity of 2.0 times 10{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The largest key to the new processing method is to improve the nature of the material, in which the plasticity manifestation velocity is accelerated by ten times to the order of 10{sup -2}s{sup -1} as described above. In addition, forging of IN-100 was made possible by using the ordinary forging equipment with the use of two-fold measures. The measures consist of maintaining temperature of IN-100 during casting by heating the die material to about 600 degrees C, rather than keeping it at a constant temperature, and then packing IN-100 in S35C steel material to accommodate the temperature decrease during casting inside the S35C pack. Thus, a processing method was made practical, eliminating need of the forging process to compress and solidify powder itself, that is the extrusion process. (NEDO)

Research and development of the industrial basic technologies of the next generation, 'composite materials (highly functional, crystal-controlled alloys)'. Evaluation of the first phase research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'koseino kessho seigyo gokin'. Zenki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-30

The results of the first phase research and development project for developing highly functional, crystal-controlled alloys as the basic technologies of the next generation are evaluated. The R and D themes are selected to develop alloys superhighly resistant to heat, heat-resistant/high-rigidity and light/high-rigidity by controlling their crystals. Development of the basic techniques for these materials is of high significance, and highly rated. The efforts in the first-phase R and D project are aimed at designs of a total of 12 types of single-crystal alloys by the computer-aided alloy designing techniques, production of these alloys on a trial basis, and evaluation of their characteristics, for the alloys superhighly resistant to heat. Two of them are confirmed to be superior to the others, and selected as the alloys to be developed. This project has also established the single-crystal casting techniques, which allow crystal orientation almost completely. Various types of heat-resistant/high-rigidity and light/high-rigidity alloys are designed, produced on a trial basis, and evaluated for their characteristics. As a result, one alloy type is selected for each category. The other techniques developed by this project include those for adjusting powders for light/high-rigidity alloys whose average grain sizes are controlled and impurity contents are reduced. Bright prospects have been obtained for the techniques for superplastically forging the disk shapes. These efforts have almost achieved the development objectives of the first-phase R and D project. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar heat power generation system (R and D on curved reflector light collection system); 1976 nendo taiyonetsu hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kyokumen shuko hoshiki system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

As a part of Sunshine Project, study was made on the solar heat power generation system using a solar collection system composed of plane and curved reflectors. In fiscal 1976, study was made on plant characteristics and plant operation by using system simulation program, and the concept design of the system was promoted. The reflectance of the plane reflector was improved up to 0.92 by remodeling the prototype collector fabricated in last fiscal year, and the prototype test facility of full-scale reflectors for 1,000kW solar power plant was prepared to obtain design data for large reflectors. The prototype heat collection loop control equipment which was prepared to simulate control of plant operation conditions according to solar radiation fluctuation, succeeded in prediction of solar radiation fluctuation within nearly 30min. New study was also made on a system using both accumulator and molten salt heat storage equipment, and each proper capacity for power plants was determined. In addition, high-temperature vapor generation for 2 hours was achieved by the prototype heat storage equipment using KCl-LiCl molten salt. (NEDO)

Bomb parameters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerr, George D.; Young, Rebert W.; Cullings, Harry M.; Christry, Robert F.

2005-01-01

The reconstruction of neutron and gamma-ray doses at Hiroshima and Nagasaki begins with a determination of the parameters describing the explosion. The calculations of the air transported radiation fields and survivor doses from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs require knowledge of a variety of parameters related to the explosions. These various parameters include the heading of the bomber when the bomb was released, the epicenters of the explosions, the bomb yields, and the tilt of the bombs at time of explosion. The epicenter of a bomb is the explosion point in air that is specified in terms of a burst height and a hypocenter (or the point on the ground directly below the epicenter of the explosion). The current reassessment refines the energy yield and burst height for the Hiroshima bomb, as well as the locations of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki hypocenters on the modern city maps used in the analysis of the activation data for neutrons and TLD data for gamma rays. (J.P.N.)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Research and development of fast-acting innovative energy-environment technology (Development of fast-acting high-efficiency solar cell technology - Development of high-quality ingot manufacturing technology); 2000 nendo shin energy sangyo gijutsu sogo kaihatsu kiko itaku kenkyu gyomu seika hokokusho. Sokkoteki kakushinteki energy kankyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu (Sokkogata kokoritsu taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu - Kohinshitsu ingot seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development was conducted of a technology for manufacturing an ultrathin polycrystalline silicon solar cell capable of efficiency enhancement and cost reduction earlier than the types of polycrystalline solar cells now available on the market. In this fiscal year, a silicon melt/solidification experimenting apparatus was built for manufacturing high-quality silicon ingots. Using an apparatus with its performance similar to the newly built one, a preliminary experiment was conducted involving high-purity silicon ingot manufacturing. In the experiment, boron was added to 75 kg of silicon for semiconductor devices so that its resistivity may be 0.5 ohm-cm. The silicon was melted in a quartz mold, and then subjected to unidirectional coagulation at 0.13 mm/min that started at the bottom to proceed upward. The result was a silicon ingot 44 cm times 44 cm times 17 cm (height). The ingot thus obtained exhibited 0.4-0.8 ohm-cm in resistivity distribution. Solar cells produced from the ingot showed a conversion rate of 16.9%. (NEDO)

Research and development of laser radar for environmental measurement. 2; Kankyo keisokuyo laser radar no kenkyu kaihatsu. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

This project was received by Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association from NEDO, and aims to contribute to the improvement of Indonesia's environmental administration through the development of an air pollution observing laser radar (LR) and of an environmental information network system fit for use in the country in cooperation with Indonesian engineers. LRs will be installed at several sites in an urban area where environmental problems are increasingly serious, and a observation network system will be constructed to link the laser radar sites. The observed data will be collected, analyzed, and processed by an observation data processing center for the investigation of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of air pollution to determine the actual state of air pollution over an urban area. The laser radars and the network will be placed in the city of Djakarta. The Indonesian authority responsible for the project is Indonesian Institute of Sciences. In fiscal 1994, part of the equipment (difference absorbing LR) was designed and manufactured, the design of the environmental information network system was developed, and various researches required in this connection were conducted. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of technologies to invent original high-functional materials (technical development of structure control materials / R and D of multi-stimuli-responsive materials); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kozo seigyo zairyo gijutsu kaihatsu) kodo shigeki oto zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The paper described multi-stimuli-responsive materials out of the technology developments for creating original high-functional materials under the system of R and D of industrial scientific technologies. These are materials which repeatedly reproduce functions such as separation, penetration and movement in response to stimuli by imitating living organisms. In relation to polymer multi-stimuli-responsive materials, various copolymers were synthesized using N-acetyl (meta) acrylamide, of which the synthesis method was established in the previous fiscal year, as a main component, and thermal responsive polymer with upper critical solution temperature which becomes a base of separation functional materials was searched for. By immobilizing it with molecular recognition ligand, measured was thermal dependence of affinity of the immobilized matter to albumin. Also studied were molecular recognition cell adhesion/separation functional materials. Concerning composite multi-stimuli-responsive materials, with the use of silica microcapsule surface-immobilized with silane coupling agent, studied were the optimum conditions for immobilizing thermo-responsive polymer to the surface of the capsule. Using motion functional materials by ion exchange resin, obtained was motion functionality which is satisfactory at the state of practical use. 94 refs., 82 figs., 16 tabs.

Thermoluminescence dosimetry for gamma rays. Part B. Comparison of TLD measurements with DS86 and DS02

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cullings, Harry M.; Fujita, Shoichiro; Egbert, Stephen D.; Maruyama, Takashi; Hoshi, Masaharu

2005-01-01

The overall agreement between measurement and calculation continues to be good for DS02, as it was for DS86. In Hiroshima, the overall agreement is somewhat better for DS02 than for DS86. Agreement near the hypocenter in Hiroshima is excellent with DS02 based on the methods described in this work. Agreement at middle and longer distances in Hiroshima is better for DS02 than for DS86, although there remain some indications of measured values exceeding calculated values at longer distances. These indications must be qualified by a careful consideration of issues related to background as described in this chapter. (J.P.N.)

The Changing Academic Profession in Asia: The Formation, Work, Academic Productivity, and Internationalization of the Academy. Report of the International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project, 2014. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No. 22

Science.gov (United States)

Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, 2015

2015-01-01

The International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project convened in Hiroshima City, Japan, January 24-25, 2014. It was jointly hosted by the Research Institutes of Higher Education at Hiroshima and Kurashiki Sakuyo Universities. The theme of the conference was "The Changing Academic Profession in Asia: The Formation, Work,…

FY 1993 Research and development of advanced ceramic gas turbines. Researches on social adaptability; 1993 nendo senshingata ceramic gas turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shakai tekigosei kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-05-01

The ceramic gas turbines (CGT's) for, e.g., cogeneration and portable power generation systems are studied and evaluated for their environmental preservation, energy saving and economic characteristics. Types of utilization and market sizes are also studied for, e.g., portable power generation systems. The items studied include current status of cogeneration systems in USA, and recognition of cogeneration systems in Japan. The study results lead to the conclusions that the biaxial CGT for portable power generation systems is a promising substitute for diesel engines as the power source in the future, and 300kW class CGT's will have the markets of 170,000 units and potentially 450,000 units, because of their expected wide applicability. The studies on their economic, energy-saving and environmental load reduction effects indicate that one unit brings the economic effects totaling 616,000 yen, due to reduced fuel consumption and NOx abatement. They could reduce NOx emissions by 8,090 t/y for automobiles and 6,570 t/y for the others, when they fill the potential markets. (NEDO)

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Survey on the specific purpose modules; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoto module ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on the specific purpose modules for photovoltaic power generation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the feasibility survey on new application fields, it was clarified that photovoltaic power generation is applicable to extensive areas such as farmland, road, railway and public facility as latent demand sites. (2) On the optimum modules for various specific purposes, the structure, production method, cost estimation and issues of various modules were studied for desert, wasteland, coast, ocean, river, embankment, railway, road, mobile facility and arcade. (3) On the survey on new materials and material development, various conventional materials and materials promising for required performance were surveyed for every application. (4) On the survey on technology trends, the survey members participated in the first international photovoltaic energy conversion conference and the photovoltaic power generation workshop, while the members held the 1st-5th specific purpose module subcommittees. 1 tab.

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium R and D. Second year report. R and D of a high functional mini production system for small precision machine parts; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki cosortium kenkyu kaihatsu. Kogata seimitsu kikai buhin'yo kokino mini seisan system no kaihatsu kenkyu (dai 2 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Judging that it is the most desirable to use processing systems suitable for product sizes from viewpoints of resource conservation, space saving and energy conservation, the development was proceeded with of machine tools for small precision machine parts (mini production cell). The size of cell is 200x200x200mm, and the working accuracy of the same level as that of the existing machine was targeted. Studies were made in the following 6 fields: 1) development of a total system; 2) design/manufacture/evaluation of mini cell; 3) evaluation of grinding processing cell (first phase) and accuracy control technology; 4) development of small sensor; 5) analysis/evaluation of element cell; 6) study on the basement technology of mini production system. In 2), study was divided into the following: development of grinding processing cell; development of grinding processing cell (second phase); processing performance test; structural analysis. In 6), study was divided into the following: outline of the study; study on micro plasticity processing; study on active type control of the removal amount; robust process design of mini production system. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 survey report on the important regional technology research and development. Research and development of eco-tailored tribo-material creation process technology (Research and development of micrometer-order controlled material creation process technology); 2000 nendo juyo chiiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Eco tailored tribo material sosei process gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (micrometer order de seigyosareta material sosei process gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are exerted to develop sub-millimeter order coating creation technologies for engine cylinder bores, valve seats, and the like, for improvement on the performance of tribology related parts, which is necessary to assure environmental preservation, energy conservation, and resource conservation for industrial and transportation equipment. The coating liquid is applied in drops to the object and is irradiated with laser for re-melting for the formation of a coating. The technique is characterized in that it produces a 100 micrometer order coating. Activities are conducted in the four fields of (1) the technology of forming a coating by the use of high energy pulse laser, (2) technology of wear resistant surface treatment, (3) technologies for creating self-heating compounds and for bonding the same in practical applications, and (4) the analysis of the mechanism of tribological characteristics of a coating fabricated by hybrid laser surface treatment. In field (3), an Fe{sub 3}Al coating is fabricated by a combustion synthesis process in which a powder coating is pressed and simultaneously electrified for combustion (reaction), and the result is tested for physical properties. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D. Third year report. R and D of high grade/low cost mold for rubber/plastic; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu. Gomu plastic yo kohin'i tei cost kanagata no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 3 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-05-01

The development was proceeded with of technology to reform the surface of rubber/plastic use mold by ion engineering technology so that the product can be easily taken out without being stained by the material. Concretely, PBII (plasma-based ion implantation) device with high ion implantation efficiency was developed, and surface reforming conditions were studied. Then, from the test using the actual device, the surface reforming technology optimum to mold releasing and mold staining resistance as rubber molding was established. Studies were made of the following: 1) establishment of the optimum mold surface reforming technology; 2) establishment of the mold surface treatment technology using PBII device; 3) improvement of PBII device and optimization of implantation method. In 2), by the surface treatment by implanting nitrogen and fluorine ions into hard chromium plating and aluminum alloys using PBII device, treatment effects were recognized in implantation ability into 3D shape, mold staining resistance and mold releasing in the hard chromium plating treated mold. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of high-quality amorphous silicon film formation technologies using plasma separation); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (plasma bunri ni yoru kohinshitsu amorphous silicon maku seimaku gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

When discharge plasma is applied for film formation, ions affect the quality of the resultant film. In the case of plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, there exists correspondence between the radicals ratio SiH/H and solar cell conversion efficiency, and plasma measurement may be used for the control of film formation conditions. The state of distribution of radicals in discharge plasma is dependent on the type of radicals, and there is an optimum substrate position. Photoelectric characteristics are improved when a grid electrode is used for plasma separation. The surface of a transparent conductive film (ITO: indium-tin oxide) to be the substrate for film formation needs to be flat, and part of its Si is oxidized into SiO{sub 2} by generated oxygen. An ITO film coated by chemically stable SnO{sub 2} is useful. When the ion plating method is employed, film formation conditions are first selected, and then, in a heat treatment to follow, resistance films of various surface conditions are obtained. Carbon-added a-Si film formation conditions and the relationship between film qualities and solar cell characteristics are elucidated. In a solar cell of the p-i-n structure with an a-Si:C:H film acting as the p-layer, a conversion efficiency of 7.6% is achieved. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on the important regional technology research and development. Research and development of eco-tailored tribo-material creation process technology (Research and development of nanometer-order controlled material creation process technology); 2000 nendo juyo chiiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Eco tailored tribo material sosei process gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (nanometer order de seigyo sareta material sosei process gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are made to develop tribo-material creation process technologies capable of meeting the needs of environmental protection and energy conservation relative to automobile engine parts such as piston rings, cams, shims, and the like. Activities are conducted in the three fields of (1) the research and development of nanostructure material creation technologies, (2) research and development of tribological evaluation technologies, and (3) the verification of the developed technologies. In field (1), a nanostructure control process is studied, and tribo-composite materials are examined. In field (1), in fiscal 2000, the arc ion plating method is selected as a nanostructure control process, and the closed type nonequilibrium magnetron sputtering method as the base for development into a process. As for tribo-composite materials, Ti-Si-N based and Cr-Si-N based coatings find their feasibility in shims, and Cr-Si-N based and Cr-Si-C-N based coatings in piston rings. Compiled in this report are the summary, and the studies of nanostructure control process technologies, joint studies, composite ceramic coating practicalization technologies, and technologies for putting to practical use coatings which comprise layers of different substances. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the research and development project for new industry creation type industrial science technologies. R and D of the intellectual material and structural systems (R and D of the intellectual material and structural systems); 2000 nendo shinki sangyo soshutsugata sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chiteki kozo system no kenkyu kaihatsu (chiteki kozo system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the FY 2000 results of the R and D project for development of intellectual materials and structural systems, where the fibrous or leafy sensor material or element (muscle) is integrated with a structure of an advanced material (skeleton) to process and control information (brain). The program for development of the health monitoring technologies successfully improves the fine FRG (Fiber Bragg Grating) as the high-performance sensor, equipped with a connector which allows the sensor to be easily connected to the normal diameter one, and develops various prototype sensors. The program for self-diagnosis of structural soundness and controlling damages verifies detection effectiveness of the embedded fine FRG sensor. The impact-related characteristics and damages of the reinforced flat plate are detected by embedding the optical fiber sensor. The program for developing the actuator materials and elements prepares the 20{mu}m thick piezoelectric sheet of adequate strength and toughness by dispersing the PNN-PZT system with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ). The program for the function-gradient systems prepares the FGM driven at normal temperature, characterized by its structure of more evenly distributed stress, to evaluate its characteristics. It is proved to have high durability. The results of the comprehensive survey are also described. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the research and development project for new industry creation type industrial science technologies. R and D of the intellectual material and structural systems (R and D of the intellectual material and structural systems); 1999 nendo shinki sangyo soshutsugata sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chiteki zairyo kozo system no kenkyu kaihatsu (chiteki zairyo kozo system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1999 results of the R and D project for development of intellectual materials and structural systems, where the fibrous or leafy sensor material or element (muscle) is integrated with a structure of an advanced material (skeleton) to process and control information (brain). The program for development of the health monitoring technologies develops the fine optical fiber (diameter: 40{mu}m), which is on a level with the conventional 125{mu}m-diameter fiber in strength and fatigue characteristics, for the high-performance sensor systems. The self-diagnosis of soundness, e.g., detection of impact loads and damages, is attempted using the fine optical fibers embedded in the composite structures. The program for active-adaptive control of smart structures investigates control of vibration and noise for beam structure elements, using the theoretical model developed for shape memory alloys. The vibration tests are conducted, where a distribution type sensor is used for active-adaptive control of soft structures, and the good results are produced. The program for development of actuator materials and elements produces high-strength, high-toughness PZT and PNN-PZT sheets of uniformly distributed thickness by the doctor blade method. (NEDO).

Report on results of development of fuel cell power generation technology 1998. Research and development on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (technological development of element, research on ion exchange membrane for practicability of high performance cell); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, yoso kenkyu kaihatsu (koseino denchi jitsuyoka no tame no ion kokan maku ni kansuru kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This paper explains the results during fiscal 1998 of ion exchange membranes in the development of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Studies were made on three kinds of standard and two kinds of experimental membranes selected among the Flemion membranes, which are perfluorosulfonic acid membranes made by Asahi Glass Co.,Ltd., and also on the Nafion membranes by Dupon as reference. As the resistance evaluation of the environmental cycle for the membranes, a temperature cycle test was carried out, with the characteristics measured such as moisture content, membrane resistance, mechanical properties, and gas permeability, so that the effects were examined of the temperature cycle on the membranes. Evaluation was also commenced on the water permeability, an important substance-moving characteristic of ion exchange membranes. In the evaluation of the characteristics of membrane-electrode assemblies, the environmental cycle test was performed by joining electrodes to membranes, with the evaluation similarly made as for the membranes alone. On the basis of a correlation between the water permeability and the cell performance, studies were made on the effect of thickness of the membranes on the cell performances. A continuous stability/durability operation of 3,500 hours was verified using Flemion R. As for membrane reinforcement, studies were continued on the cloth and fibril reinforcements as in the previous year.(NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D field. First year report. R and D of distributed power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation use; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu bun'ya. Taiyoko hatsuden'yo bunsangata power conditioner no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

By developing 100W class micro-inverter and putting it to the solar cell panel one by one, a control system is developed by which the maximum output can be obtained as the solar cell system even if the output of individual panels changes by stain and shade. By this system, power generation efficiency is expected to be increased by approximately 10%. In case that power generation of 5 million kW is achieved in FY 2010, energy conservation of about 50,000 kl/year in oil conversion can be expected. In FY 2000, the following were carried out: 1) investigational study of electronic parts; 2) primary trial-fabrication of micro-inverter; 3) various kinds of simulation assuming the inverter parallel operation. In 1), two kinds using the fly-back transformer method and the immittance conversion theory were trial-fabricated. As to the former, the main circuit method was designed to be the fly back type high frequency insulation method, and the control method to be the pulse area modulation method. As to the latter, the current output type power converter was structured by the circuit simulation. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D field. First year report. R and D of distributed power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation use; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu bun'ya. Taiyoko hatsuden'yo bunsangata power conditioner no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

By developing 100W class micro-inverter and putting it to the solar cell panel one by one, a control system is developed by which the maximum output can be obtained as the solar cell system even if the output of individual panels changes by stain and shade. By this system, power generation efficiency is expected to be increased by approximately 10%. In case that power generation of 5 million kW is achieved in FY 2010, energy conservation of about 50,000 kl/year in oil conversion can be expected. In FY 2000, the following were carried out: 1) investigational study of electronic parts; 2) primary trial-fabrication of micro-inverter; 3) various kinds of simulation assuming the inverter parallel operation. In 1), two kinds using the fly-back transformer method and the immittance conversion theory were trial-fabricated. As to the former, the main circuit method was designed to be the fly back type high frequency insulation method, and the control method to be the pulse area modulation method. As to the latter, the current output type power converter was structured by the circuit simulation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Research and development of photovoltaic system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In relation with several types of standard photovoltaic power generation systems expected to be put to practical use, design parameters are quantified, databases are utilized, and simulation technologies are developed, while collecting data from test facilities constructed to simulate them, for the development of evaluation techniques indispensable for the efficient improvement of photovoltaic power generation systems. In fiscal 1998, data were collected from verification test facilities and residential photovoltaic systems sited across Japan. The collected data were subjected to analysis and simulation, by which correction factors were calculated for smudge, spectral response, incident radiation, and temperature. Furthermore, load matching factors and storage battery contribution rates were calculated by simulation for the stand-alone photovoltaic systems sited in five Japanese cities, each comprising an array, storage battery, charge/discharge controller, DC-DC converter, and a load. Reference is also made to a survey of trends of technology development. (NEDO)

Dose estimation from residual and fallout radioactivity, 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takeshita, Kenji

1975-01-01

External dose rates and cumulative doses for early entrants from areal surveys and simulated experiments are reviewed. The average cumulative doses to infinity at the hypocenters were 101 rad in Hiroshima and 32 rad in Nagasaki, with a variation of about 60 percent. Radioactive fallout areas nearly matched the ''black rain'' areas in Nagasaki and in Hiroshima. Radioactivity in the fallout areas was affected by radioactive decay and by the leaching and dissipation by rains. Considering these factors, the cumulative dose to infinity in the fallout area of Hiroshima was estimated to be 13 rad, excluding internal radiation doses from inhaled and ingested radionuclides. Attempts to estimate radiation dose from internally deposited radionuclides are also described. (auth.)

Early air sampling in Higashi-Hiroshima after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and subsequent sampling in Minami-Souma City from October 2011 to September 2012

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shizuma, Kiyoshi; Kajimoto, Tsuyoshi; Endo, Satoru

2013-01-01

Soon after the accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on March 11, 2011, air sampling was performed in Higashi-Hiroshima (about 800 km from Fukushima). The sampling began on March 20, and a high-volume air sampler was used. The first radionuclide observed was "1"3"1I (on March 30), and "1"3"7Cs, "1"3"4Cs, "1"3"6Cs, and "1"3"2Te were observed thereafter. According to the sampling, the maximum concentration in the air occurred on April 7 and again on April 18. After April 30, no radionuclides released due to the accident were observed. Since "1"3"7Cs and "1"3"4Cs have a long half-life (30 and 2 y, respectively), all of the air filters were measured again in February through March of 2012 using a well-type Ge detector. The results of these measurements showed that "1"3"7Cs was already observed on March 21. Later on, air sampling was performed at Minami-Souma City, Fukushima (October 2011 to September 2012). The purpose of this sampling was to investigate whether any radionuclides were released from the forest and flew up into the air from the ground, or were carried by the wind in winter or via pollen in spring. Results showed that the radioactive concentration was quite low and no seasonal variation occurred, indicating that no radionuclides flew up into the air from the ground, nor were any released from the forest via wind or pollen. (author)

Survey and research for the enhancement of large-scale technology development 3. Patent researches on new tasks for development under large-scale project; Ogata gijutsu kaihatsu suishin no tame no chosa kenkyu. 3. Ogata project shinki kaihatsu tema ni kansuru tokkyo chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

Regarding 'high-speed computation systems for technological use' and 'manganese nodule mining systems,' researches are conducted into technological trends from the viewpoint of patent. As for applications for patents involving the Josephson effect device, there are 79 patents disclosed in Japan, with applications from Japan recording a peak in 1977-1978 and those from overseas in 1974-1975. As for important applicants, IBM distinguishes itself among those overseas while, in Japan, the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation occupies 47%, and Fujitsu, Ltd., 34%. In the case of GaAs-based transistors, businesses in Japan occupies as much as 90% of the applications overwhelming overseas businesses occupying less than 10%. As for the patents on manganese nodule mining systems, 183 Japanese patents are pending, with 88 already granted in America. While the main concern in Japan has transferred from the continuous elevator bucket system of 1971-1974 to the fluid dredge system, the fluid dredge system has consistently been occupying the overpowering majority in America. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for next generation industries, 'high-efficiency polymeric separation membrane material'. Evaluation on second term final research and development (first report); Jisesdai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Kokoritsu bunshi bunrimaku zairyo (dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

This study is intended to establish a basic technology for innovative high-efficiency separation membrane materials that can be used in areas in which application of membrane separation has been impossible. The water/ethanol separation membrane (for water selective permeation) and water/acetic acid separation membrane (for water selective permeation) achieved separation coefficient and permeation velocity of the world's highest level. The water/ethanol separation membrane (for ethanol selective permeation), although its separation coefficient is lower than the world's highest performance, has high permeation velocity, providing the performance of the worldwide level as seen from the comprehensive viewpoint. The carbon monoxide/nitrogen separation membrane achieved separation coefficient and permeation velocity of the world's highest level. The oxygen/nitrogen separation membrane requires further enhancement in the permeation velocity and stability. Establishment has been performed on separation technologies for membrane separation of non-water soluble aqueous solutions, optical division by using chiral crown ether, high-performance liquid separation by means of plasma surface treatment, and particle separation. Basic analysis has been advanced also on evaluation technologies for gaseous body separation membrane and liquid separation membrane, of which future progress is expected. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar cooling/heating and hot water supply system (R and D on metal system materials); 1974 nendo taiyo reidanbo oyobi kyuto system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kinzokukei zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-30

This report describes the fiscal 1974 research result on metal system materials for solar cooling/heating and hot water supply systems. Study was made on cathodic protection of a roll bond heat collection board promising as Al plane collector. The protection is dependent on sacrificial anode materials. Al-Zn system alloy including minute amounts of In and Sn was effective in protection by transferring natural electrode potential to a base side largely, however, excess addition of In and Sn increased self-corrosion, remaining some issues to be solved. The prototype water flow corrosion test equipment was prepared for corrosion analysis of an Al roll bond collector natural circulation hot water supplier. Preliminary study was made to give selective absorption power (large short-wave absorption and small long-wave radiation from collector surfaces) to a collector. Deposition of Cu, Ni, Co and Sn oxides as black semiconductors into Al anodic oxidation film porous layers by secondary electrolysis was invalid as well as a painting method. Glossy Ni plating onto Al and black Cr and Ni plating onto the surface more elevated solar exposure surface temperature by more than 20% than black painting. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar cooling/heating and hot water supply system (R and D on glass system materials); 1974 nendo taiyo reidanbo oyobi kyuto system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Glass kei zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-26

This report describes the fiscal 1974 research result on glass system materials of plane collectors for solar cooling/heating. A barrel lens type collector was poorer in efficiency than conventional ones. A one-directional Fresnel lens type one was promising for improvement of solar radiation collection. The prototype In{sub 2}O{sub 3} selective transmission cover glass was prepared by vacuum deposition. Although selective characteristics including a solar transmissivity of 74% and an IR reflectance of 75-80% were obtained, further improvement of more than 10% is necessary. The evaluation results of some collectors are as follows. A vacuum type is poor because of its low efficiency and necessary vacuum sealing. A multi-layer type shows unsatisfactory performance at some temperatures. A glass honeycomb type is most likely because of its uppermost collection efficiency, however, development of production technology of heat-resistant honeycombs and its profitability remain to be solved. A deformed multi-layer type is practical because of its high efficiency, simple structure and low cost. Further improvement of the transmissivity and IR reflectance of cover glass by more than 10% is necessary. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar cooling/heating and hot water supply system (R and D on glass system materials); 1976 nendo taiyo reidanbo oyobi kyuto system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Glass kei zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on solar heat collectors using glass system materials. In fiscal 1976, study was made on improvement of selective transmission films by vacuum deposition and large prototype films, prototype coated glass by chemical treatment and its quality stability, prototype full-scale honeycomb collector, practical heat collection property, and evaluation of some problems. As the study result, characteristics of this selective transmission glass were equivalent to those of the other selective transmission films with a transmissivity of 0.90 and a reflectivity of 0.10. As the study result of production cost by vacuum deposition and resistance heating, the film treatment cost was estimated to be 2,300yen/m{sup 2}. 40 prototype coated glass plates of 1,000 x 1,000 x 3mm, and 300 prototype coated glass pipes of 16mm diameter, 870mm long and 0.6mm thick were prepared for prototype collectors. Two kinds of full-scale collectors prepared by using these selective absorption heat collection plates and coated glass showed favorable performance in heat collection experiment. (NEDO)

Report of fiscal 1997 R and D result on high temperature superconducting flywheel power storage. R and D of manufacture of superconducting magnetic bearing; 1997 nendo koon chodendo flywheel denryoku chozo kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chodendo denjiki jikuuke no seisaku no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-05-01

Element technologies were developed for the manufacture of superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) with the purpose of putting to practical use a 10 MWh class high-temperature superconducting flywheel power storage system. This paper explains the fiscal 1997 results. A {phi} 180 radial type SMB was designed and fabricated that satisfied the rotational strength at 17,200 rpm for a medium-sized model for measuring characteristics. Compared with the bearing made in the preceding year, improvements in the bearing dynamics were contrived such as flux creep, load capacity and rotational loss, with the maximum flux density improved by 30%; however, only a few percent improvement was attained in field uniformity. An SMB characteristics measuring and testing machine was built, with the characteristics measured. It was confirmed that the rotational loss of a control type magnetic bearing and the intrinsic performance of the testing machine were unchanged regardless of the operation/non-operation of the radial type SMB. The characteristics of the {phi} 180 axial bearing were measured by a stationary type bearing constant testing machine made in 1995, which provided a load capacity characteristics curve with the initially set gap as a parameter as well as a minor loop curve and a load capacity. Also obtained were the maximum average bearing pressure and the maximum load capacity. (NEDO)

Report on technological achievements in fiscal 1999. Institutions for research and development of new environmental industry creating type technologies (Development of hybrid construction machines); 1999 nendo shinki kankyo sangyo soshutsugata gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seido seika hokokusho. Hybrid kensetsu kiki no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Energy efficiency of construction machines is extremely low, because engines cannot follow sudden load changes. Solution is sought by developing a construction machine using as the motive force source a hybrid unit composed of an engine, a generator and batteries. The activities were advanced in the following five fields: (1) analysis on loads on existing construction machines, (2) development of hybrid move force unit, (3) development of an actuator device, (4) development of a control system, and (5) development of a hybrid construction machine simulating system. In Item (1), a control work on a 6-ton class hydraulic shovel was selected as a representative work, whereas the work was divided into seven modes to measure such output characteristics as fuel consumption and actuator output in each work, and the standard work load modes were established. In Item (2), motive force in the set load modes was measured to discover functional requirements on the motive force unit. In Item (5), the simulation model for the existing machines was used to evaluate the fuel consumption performance of the motive force unit. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of carbon-based high-function material technologies (research and development of ocean bottom petroleum production system); 1999 nendo tansokei kokino zairyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

As part of the research and development of carbon-based high-function material technologies, research and development has been performed on a material creating technology and a process technology to crease mechanically high-function materials. The former technology performs synthesis by using the electron excited CVD process and the explosion synthesizing process, intended to analyze the structure and properties thereof. It is intended to synthesize nitriding-based carbon films and elucidate their composition and structure by using the mass separation ion beam method and the laser beams. Synthesizing nano tubes by utilizing catalytic reactions, and investigating their properties are intended by using the thermal CVD process, plasma CVD process and arc discharge process. Elucidation is intended on the reaction and production mechanisms of carbon-based materials, theory estimation, structures possessed by the carbon-based materials, and mechanisms to manifest their characteristics. The latter technology relates to the three assignments subjected to a composition inclining film forming technology, a complex shaped film forming and micro processing technology, and a large area film forming technology. It is intended to utilize positively such properties as low friction and wear performance and high-temperature corrosion resistance expected in high-function carbon-based materials including amorphous carbon, diamond and nitrided carbon for the purpose of application to surface protection of movable parts in different industrial machines, and building materials including glasses. (NEDO)

FY 1998 'The New Sunshine Project' leading R and D. Report on the results of the leading R and D of supercritical fluid utilization technology; 1998 nendo 'New Sunshine Keikaku' sendo kenkyu kaihatsu. Chorinkai ryutai riyo gijutsu sendo kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The paper reported the FY 1998 achievement of the supercritical fluid utilization leading R and D which started in FY 1997 on a 3-year plan. In the R and D, solvolysis reaction, oxidation reaction and hydrogenation reaction were taken up in the chemical process using supercritical fluid. In the study of solvolysis reaction, the basic data were obtained on decomposition conditions of thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics in supercritical water. Further, concerning the synthesis of environmental friendly type carbonate using CO2, a conversion rate of almost 100% was obtained. About the oxidation reaction, conditions were found out for burning low grade coal in supercritical water without emitting acid gas. This is considered to lead to a possibility of the supercritical water power generation. Relating to the hydrogenation reaction, a study was made on lightening technology of heavy distillate using supercritical water, and the conditions for effective emission of methane and hydrogen were found out. As to the base technology, a study was made of metal materials with high corrosion resistance against supercritical water. (NEDO)

FY 1979 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems (Research and development of vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon); 1979 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

The efforts in this fiscal year for development of methods for vertically drawing ribbon crystals of silicon are directed to the following items, in order to further improve the techniques for vertically drawing two or more ribbon crystals on a continuous basis, developed in the previous fiscal year: (1) tests of the drawing apparatus, developed in the previous fiscal year, to deepen the techniques for drawing the ribbon crystals, (2) modification of the above apparatus to further develop the apparatus for vertically drawing two or more ribbon crystals on a continuous basis, (3) comparison of drawing a single ribbon crystal, conducted separately, with drawing two or more ribbon crystals, to clarify the problems involved in the latter, and (4) basic investigations on the materials for the furnace internals exposed to high temperature, other than the carbon material used at present. The vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon is investigated, based on the results obtained in the previous fiscal year that ribbon crystal quality depends on impurities present therein, mainly for (1) quantitative analysis of the impurity elements present in the ribbon crystal, (2) relationship between impurity elements and characteristics of the solar cells made on a trial basis, and (3) investigations on local concentration of the impurity elements. (NEDO)

Report on research achievement in relation with developing fundamental combustion control technologies in fiscal 1998. Research and development of high-performance industrial furnaces; 1998 nendo nensho seigyo kiban gijutsu no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koseino kogyoro nado ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Development is intended to be made on fundamental combustion control technologies applicable to high-performance industrial furnaces that can reduce energy consumption and respond to environment preservation requirements. With an intention to achieve reduction in combustion exhaust gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, fundamental studies will be made on factors to decide flame shapes as represented by high-temperature combustion and flame shape control by utilizing microgravity environment, and researches will be made on combustion systems. Devices required for the experiments were fabricated to evaluate critical combustion characteristics of flames in furnaces including industrial furnaces, analyze and evaluate flame control parameters, and study low-pollution combustion technologies. Experimental methods acquired by 1997 were used for the experiments under the microgravity environment. Evaluation experiments were performed on flame shape control technologies and flame radiation characteristics, and basic experiments on the low-pollution combustion technologies. With these experiments, elucidation of the combustion mechanisms was launched by analyzing and evaluating the acquired data. A flame experimenting device for high-temperature preheated air completed by fiscal 1997 was used to acquire such combustion characteristics data as NOx discharge characteristics when the high-temperature preheated air is used. Based on the result thereof, verification was carried out on simulation models. (NEDO)

Report on the achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development on a basic technology to apply superconductivity (Research and development on a basic technology to apply superconductivity); 1999 nendo chodendo oyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chodendo oyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

The development of a basic technology to improve superconductivity characteristics has performed (1) studies on the high-temperature superconductivity mechanism, (2) studies on the critical current mechanism, and (3) search for materials. In Item (1), composition and temperature dependence were investigated by measuring superconductivity gap and change in the electron state of pseudo gap using photo-electron spectra and Raman scattering spectra. In Item (2), magnetic flux behavior in the vicinity of the irreversible line was investigated on magnetic flux dynamics of Bi2212 by measuring magnetic resistance and magnetization. High viscosity condition having strong magnetic flux liquid zone was discovered. In Item (3), Sr was used in place of Ba as the constituting element, and several new mercury-based superconductors were synthesized successfully by using the high pressure synthesizing method. In developing superconductive bulk materials and wire materials, elucidation was given on (1) an element technology for high magnetic power bulk materials, (2) an element technology for high critical temperature bulk materials, (3) a fundamental technology for manufacturing next generation wire materials, (4) a fundamental technology for manufacturing next generation large current conductors, and (5) growth mechanism in wire material crystals. Development of laminating and processing technologies for superconductive materials has worked on (1) a single crystal substrate technology, (2) a thin film lamination technology, (3) a standard bonding technology, (4) an advanced bonding technology, and (5) a thin film and bond evaluation technology. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 R and D report on femtosecond technology (power generation facility monitoring system using high- intensity X-ray pulse); 1998 nendo femuto byo technology no kenkyu kaihatsu (kokido X senb pulse riyo hatsuden shisetsu monitoring system no kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This report reports the fiscal 1998 R and D result of Femtosecond Technology Research Association (FESTA) supported by NEDO. For creation of industrial basic technologies supporting the advanced information society in the 21st century, ultra-high speed electronics technology including new functions beyond the speed limit of conventional electronics technologies is indispensable. From such viewpoint, this R and D aims at establishment of the basic technology controlling conditions of beams and electrons in a femtosecond (10{sup -15}-10{sup -12} seconds) region. In development of the titled system, this R and D aims at generation of high-intensity X-ray pulse by interaction between femtosecond light pulse and high-density electron beam pulse, and development of measurement technology (non- stop inspection) of high-speed moving objects using such X- ray pulse. In fiscal 1998, this project succeeded in time stabilization of laser oscillators at a 100fs level and generation of low-emittance electron beam pulse through development of ultra-short pulse synchronization, laser stabilization and electron beam pulse generation technologies. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on research and development of human cooperating and coexisting robot system. Research and development of rationalization in oil refining system; 2000 nendo ningen kyocho kyozongata robot system kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisei system gorika kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-06-01

It is intended to develop a human cooperating and coexisting robot system that can move around freely during operation and shutdown of a oil refining plant to perform different works. This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 2000. With regard to the navigation and maintenance work functions, design was made on the robot induction system and its conception to perform the works after the robot has reached a place of the work. The specifications required for the robot supporting agent were made clear, and the constituting modules were designed to exchange information with the robot. Specifications were compiled for a portable remote operation device intended of operating different vehicles. Investigations were carried out on such protection technologies as interference check and shock absorbing materials to protect the robot platform. A method was developed to acquire posture and motion patterns of a human demonstrator, using only the upper half of the body, from the images captured by a head-mounted camera. Discussions were given on the specifications, systems and image processing algorithms required for vision-navigated autonomous walking, whose practicability was verified. Autonomous walking by means of map-based guidance, and hand operating technologies were also discussed. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of synergy ceramics (research and development of ultra-high temperature gas turbine for power generation); 1999 nendo synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Hatsuden'yo chokoon gas turbine no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This research and development has been performed on the following themes: (1) high-temperature energy materials, (2) high-function active materials, (3) fundamental member material design technologies, (4) materials to activate specific environmental gases, (5) energy materials having high resistance to silicon groups, (6) porous multi-layer ceramic materials, (7) micro and macro applied analytic technologies, and (8) microscopically destructive analysis technologies. In Item 1, investigations were performed on the relationship of micro columnar particle structure of porous silicon nitride bodies with strength and destruction energy to identify the mechanism for manifestation of these characteristics. In Item 2, catalyst and electrode materials having the selectively separating and cleaning functions were developed, and materials to convert oxides thermo-electrically having high characteristics were discussed. In Item 3, polycrystalline alumina, polycrystalline zirconia, and zirconia particle dispersed alumina were fabricated on the trial basis to give them microscopic and macroscopic evaluations. In Item 4, crystalline hexa-aluminates in single phase were synthesized successfully. In Item 5, a synthesizing experiment was carried out on Ca-{alpha} sialon powder to evaluate and analyze the configuration phase of the product and the particle patterns. In Item 7, the homogenizing method was used to develop a three-dimensional program to analyze the correlation between the microscopic non-homogeneous structure and the macroscopic properties of synergy ceramics. In Item 8, the basic dimensions of porous alumina bodies were discussed based on energy density. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on the venture business assisting type regional consortium - Minor business creation base type. Research and development of smart catheter for omnidirectional diagnosis; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo seika hokokusho. Zenhoi shindan smart catheter no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The aim is to develop a highly reliable device for detecting pathological developments deep inside the body by combining the pulse compression technique used in high performance radars and a quartz fiber. The project also aims to develop a system which, when compared with the conventional method, is capable of higher resolution at a short range and of reaching farther for the same resolution level. To be contrived for the development of a diagnostic catheter which combinedly uses the ultrasonic pulse compression and imaging technology and an optical picture system are a pulse signal reflection mirror for taking in ultrasonic picture data on the front and the sides in the lumen, an ultrasonic micromotor for rotating the mirror, and a high efficiency ultrasonic transducer similar in size to the waveguide for transmitting ultrasonic pulses to a quartz waveguide from outside the body and for receiving reflected signals. An effort is simultaneously exerted to make the diameter smaller of a quartz waveguide to be built in the catheter to provide a signal passage for the ultrasonic imaging system and the optical picture system for the realization of a catheter tip smaller and thinner as a whole. A study is made about a mechanical-electronic control system for easy luminal insertion. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1999 on the development of total evaluation research laboratory system for the medical welfare equipment technology research and development project; 1999 nendo iryo fukushi kiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu project yo sogo hyoka kenkyu rabo system kaihatsu jigyo seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

A laboratory system named above has been developed to propel forward efficiently the efforts to develop medical welfare technologies through close coordination between medicine and engineering. Six laboratories are linked with each other in a network for the realization of an environment in which general support is extended to all the stages of equipment development from basic through clinical assessment. The biomedical engineering laboratory is constituted of various analyzing devices, and is capable of in vitro assessment of bioingredients. The therapeutic laboratory is provided with bioinformation/NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) measurement equipment, animal surgical operation equipment, etc., and performs the assessment of test animals at the first stage of clinical assessment. The diagnostic laboratory acquires various image data necessary for the development of medical equipment at the same level as that of the site of clinical diagnosis. The intelligent surgical operation room takes in real-time diagnostic images while a surgical operation is under way and, at the same time, assesses surgical devices in the same environment as that of the surgical operation room. The medical information laboratory accumulates medical and image data from the other laboratories, and integrates the accumulated data. The data management center manages the laboratories in a unified way and enables comprehensive assessment and research. (NEDO)

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems (Research and development of vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon); 1977 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-31

This project is aimed at establishment of ribbon crystal production techniques and development of photovoltaic power generation systems incorporating the ribbon crystals, in order to greatly reduce cost of photovoltaic power generation systems. The research efforts in this fiscal year is focused on development of the techniques for continuously growing the ribbons, to attain the above goal by accelerating growth of the ribbon crystals in unit time and clarifying, in the early stage, the problems to be solved before commercializing the ribbon crystals for the future solar cells. The major research results are (1) development of the method for vertically drawing ribbon crystals of silicon, and (2) analysis of the vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon. For the item (1), the technological development efforts are focused on continuously drawing mechanisms and furnace for continuous drawing, with the structural studies as the center for the former and solution of heat-related problems for the latter, which eventually lead to development of a 800 mm long ribbon crystal passing over the roll. For the item (2), the crystal structure is analyzed by the electron channeling pattern method. The results suggest that use of a p-type substrate can improve average efficiency of the ribbon crystal type solar cell. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar cooling/heating and hot water supply system (R and D on the system for large buildings); 1974 nendo taiyo reidanbo oyobi kyuto system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Ogata kenchikubutsuyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-28

Large buildings such as government office building, private office building and gymnasium are consuming a huge amount of fossil fuel as energy for cooling/heating and hot water supply. The final target of this project is a use of solar heat as energy for such systems in place of fossil fuel. The fiscal 1974 target of this project is as follows. The main part of the computation program was developed for system analysis on the whole thermal system composed of building structure, thermal load, and cooling and heating equipment. The small experimental thermal equipment and artificial light source were prepared to clarify the mechanism of solar heat collectors experimentally. As the first step of innovative refrigerator development, the small trial experimental equipment was prepared to clarify heat transfer characteristics for coolant recycling, and to develop an ideal structure heat exchanger possible to reduce the temperature difference between heating medium and heated liquid. Prior to development of a heat storage equipment, basic study was made on heat storage materials, heat insulation methods and characteristics of heat storage tanks. (NEDO)

Reports on 1979 result of Sunshine Project. R and D on solar cooling/heating and hot-water supply system (R and D on metallic materials ); 1979 nendo taiyo reidanbo oyobi kyuto system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kinzokukei zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-31

The following technologies were developed for the purpose of materializing various methods of a solar cooling/heating and hot-water supply system using aluminum and other metallic materials: (1) research on improving corrosion resistance of metallic materials for a heat collector plate and (2) research on a selective absorbing film. The results in fiscal 1979 were as follows. (1) A practicality running test for a solar panel, which started in fiscal 1977, was continuously carried out at eight places in the nation. After approximately two years and a half passed, each panel was cut open and analyzed. As a result, despite a difference in the degree of corrosion by the regions, an Al-Zn-Fe-In alloy had a larger corrosion area than two other alloys, but the corrosion depth was shallower, with the corrosion remained only in the clad layer, which seemed to eliminate the fear that it might grow to be a through-hole for the time being. This research was completed. (2) Research for the selective absorbing film was carried out in fiscal 1979 on a chrome black membrane by a high frequency excited ion plating method and on a carbide and nitride membranes. In addition, a durability test and an Auger analysis were performed for a titanium nitride selective absorbing film that was obtained by a DC bipolar reactive ion plating method. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar cooling/heating and hot water supply system (R and D on metal system materials); 1976 nendo taiyo reidanbo oyobi kyuto system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kinzokukei zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on high-efficiency high-durability inexpensive metallic collectors, equipment and materials for solar cooling/heating and hot water supply systems. In the study on metal materials for heat collector plates, corrosion-proofing experiment was made on Al-Zn, Al-Zn-In and Al-Zn-Fe-In alloys treated by bainite under 7 kinds of environmental conditions, resulting in no formation of any through hole. Study was also made on water flow corrosion test of A1100 material, and water- corrosion retardant for Al. In the study on selective absorption films, study was made on secondary electrochemically coated film and vacuum deposition film. Fabrication, test operation and preliminary experiment were made on the large secondary electrolysis facility for full- scale solar panels. The selective absorptivity of secondary electrochemically coated films was a maximum of 0.95 in absorptivity and 0.10 in emissivity, showing the favorable selective absorptivity of both Ni and Co. The durability test result showed favorable heat resistance, light resistance and moisture resistance. (NEDO)

The signs of ocular-surface disorders after switching from latanoprost to tafluprost/timolol fixed combination: a prospective study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Okumichi H

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Hideaki Okumichi,1 Yoshiaki Kiuchi,1 Tetsuya Baba,2 Takashi Kanamoto,3 Tomoko Naito,4,5 Shunsuke Nakakura,6 Hitoshi Tabuchi,6 Hiroki Nii,7 Chie Sueoka,7 Yosuke Sugimoto1,8 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 2Shirai Eye Hospital, Mitoyo, Japan; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan; 5Department of Ophthalmology, Konko Hospital, Asakuchi, Japan; 6Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan; 7Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; 8Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan Purpose: To evaluate the ocular-surface safety of a 0.001% benzalkonium chloride-containing tafluprost/timolol fixed combination (TTFC in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG or ocular hypertension who have inadequate intraocular pressure (IOP control with latanoprost monotherapy.Methods: This study is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical study. Patients with POAG or ocular hypertension who have inadequate IOP control with latanoprost monotherapy were considered eligible. After providing informed consent, patients continued latanoprost monotherapy for 12 weeks, followed by a switch to TTFC. We evaluated the extent of ocular-surface damage using superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK score, tear breakup time (TBUT, hyperemia score, IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP, and heart rate at 0, 4, and 12 weeks after switching.Results: A total of 68 patients were enrolled, of whom, 64 patients were included in the final analysis. No significant changes in SPK score, TBUT, or hyperemia score were observed at 4 and 12 weeks compared with week 0. IOP decreased significantly at 4 (13.9±2.5 mmHg and 12

Achievement report for fiscal 1998. Leading research and development of MGC-built superhigh-efficiency turbine system technology; 1998 nendo MGC chokokoritsu turbine system gijutsu sendo kenkyu kaihatsu kenkyu seika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

To further enhance energy efficiency by improving on the gas turbine system, it is necessary, first of all, to develop superhigh-temperature materials to allow the system to operate at higher temperatures. Described in this report are studies on the application of MGC (melt-growth composite) materials which retain strength and plastic deformation capability even at high temperatures. Various compositions are explored for improvement on fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance. The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/YAG system is investigated for the study of relations between microstructural control and fracture toughness. Literature on the development of nanocomposites is surveyed, and a preliminary experiment is discussed for improvement on purity by zone melting crystallization. In a study for an advanced manufacture of larger crystals, technologies of crystal growth condition setting and optimization, quality stabilization, productivity improvement, and crystal size enlargement are taken up. Casting and machining technologies are studied to enable crystals to assume complicated shapes. For the purpose of elucidating the mechanism of the occurrence of properties proper to high temperatures, a study is made on the evaluation of mechanical and physical properties and on the mechanism and control of crystal growth. Also studied are systems (gas turbine cycle, combustor, etc.) to which MGC materials may be applied. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on technological results. R and D on micromachine technology (Development of micro-factory technology); 1997 nendo micromachine gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Microfactory gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Activities are conducted in search of a micromachine system in which devices and equipment relating to machining, assembly, transportation, inspection, etc., in use for a manufacturing process are integrated in a narrow space, for the purpose of conserving energy through the miniaturization of the process of manufacturing small industrial products. With the activities in the two fields of (1) R and D of systematization technology (experimental system for micro fabrication/assembly) and (2) comprehensive investigation and research, examination on detailed specification for the experimental system was carried out, as were the examination of element technologies, element device operating experiments, technological investigation, etc.. In (1), sophistication of the element technologies was contrived that were required for realizing each experimental system, while the detailed specification of each experimental system was decided. Further, a part of the element devices was experimentally manufactured, with the basic functions verified. In (2), research studies were compiled on radio interference for example in the case where various devices were integrated and highly densified through the formation of a micro-factory; also compiled was a joint research with Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, a research conducted for the purpose of building the conception of the micro-factory. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1996 on the research and development of micromachine technology. Development of microfactory technology; 1996 nendo micromachine gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Microfactory gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The goal is to save energy and minimize the working space by constructing a manufacturing system comprising various micromachines with their dimensions fit for parts and products they handle. Development continues relative to microprocessing (electrolysis, and optical processing) and microscopic liquid operation (micropump, and part holding device). Under research in relation to the assembly process are a micro-arm to handle tiny parts and precision techniques for interfitting within a very small microfactory, a piezoelectric actuator for microscopic position adjusting, and ultraprecise microprocessing techniques indispensable for their manufacture. Also under research are the incorporation of optically driven microdevices developed before the preceding fiscal year into a microfactory and the study of microservo actuators capable of sophisticated positioning and velocity control. Concerning the microscopic transport system to deal with microscopic parts and products, studies are under way so as to embody systems driven by actuators of the electromagnetic type and electrostatic type. In this paper, reference is made to inspection techniques and comprehensive investigations. (NEDO)

Social aspects of Japanese particle physics in the 1950s

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Konuma, Michiji

1989-01-01

Military and social restrictions imposed on Japanese scientific research following the second world war made nuclear or particle physics experiments almost impossible. However, the (Japanese) theoretical achievements of the 1940s considerably buoyed this group, namely two-meson theory, super-many-time theory and covariant renormalization theory. Economic conditions were also difficult with high inflation throughout the 1950s. Printing and distribution problems and paper shortages reduced the circulation of scientific journals, but theoretical work progressed well even in isolation. Within Japan, a circular called Soyrushiron Kenkyu (elementary particle theory research) became a valuable medium for exchange of new ideas and information. A Research Institute for Fundamental Physics, the first of several Japanese research institutes, was opened at Kyoto University in 1953, when a major international conference was held there. The second half of the 1950s was a time of expansion and consolidation for particle physics in Japan. (UK)

Cancer in atomic bomb survivors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shigematsu, I.; Kagan, A.

1986-01-01

This book presents information on the following topics: sampling of atomic bomb survivors and method of cancer detection in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; atomic bomb dosimetry for epidemiological studies of survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; tumor and tissue registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the cancer registry in Nagasaki, with atomic bomb survivor data, 1973-1977; cancer mortality; methods for study of delayed health effects of a-bomb radiation; experimental radiation carcinogenesis in rodents; leukemia, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma; cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands; malignant tumors in atomic bomb survivors with special reference to the pathology of stomach and lung cancer; colorectal cancer among atomic bomb survivors; breast cancer in atomic bomb survivors; and ovarian neoplasms in atomic bomb survirors

Dose-response relationship of neutrons and γ rays to leukemia incidence among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki by type of leukemia, 1950--1971

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishimaru, T.; Otake, M.; Ichimaru, M.

1979-01-01

The incidence of leukemia during 1950 to 1971 in a fixed mortality sample of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was analyzed as a function of neutron and γ kerma and marrow doses. Two dose-response models were tested for acute leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and all types of leukemia, respectively. Each model postulates that the leukemia incidence depends upon the sum of separate risks imposed by γ and neutron doses. In Model I the risk from both types of radiation is assumed to be directly proportional to the respective doses, while Model II assumes that whereas the risk from neutrons is directly proportional to the dose, the risk from γ rays is proportional to dose-squared. The analysis demonstrated that the dose-response of the two types of leukemia differed by type of radiation. The data suggested that the response of acute leukemia was best explained by Model II, while the response of chronic granulocytic leukemia depended almost linearly upon neutron dose alone, because the regression coefficients associated with γ radiation for both Models I and II were not significant. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons in relation to γ rays for incidence of acute leukemia was estimated to be approximately 30/(Dn)/sup 1/2/ [95% confidence limits; 17/(Dn)/sup 1/2/ approx. 54/(Dn)/sup 1/2/] for kerma and 32/(Dn)/sup 1/2/ [95% confidence limits; 18/(Dn)/sup 1/2/ approx. 58/(Dn)/sup 1/2/] for marrow dose (Dn = neutron dose). If acute and chronic granulocytic leukemias are considered together as all types of leukemia, Model II appears to fit the data slightly better than Model I, but neither model is statistically rejected by the data

Fiscal 1997 achievement report. Research and development of synergy ceramics; 1997 nendo synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Research and development is conducted on two subjects, that is, 1) hyper organized structure control technology and 2) structural element control technology. In addition, joint research and development is conducted on the creation of new materials by hyper organized structure controlling, hyper organized structure controlling for ceramics by a structurization reaction process, designing of precursors to ceramics, and the hyper organized structure control for ceramics by nanostructure process control. The joint research and development endeavors further deal with re-entrusted projects which involve researches on sintered structure control by powdery particulate structure control; dynamic process of synergy ceramics; oxynitride liquids, glasses, and glass-ceramics; and multifunctional ceramic laminates for engineering applications. Under subject 1), researches are made on the development of precursors into ceramics by utilizing chemical reactions of organic metal compounds, and analyses are conducted into the effects, exerted by the molecular structures of precursors and the conditions of a reaction for their development into ceramics, on the microstructures and various properties of the ceramics to be composed. Under subject 2), high strength, great hardness, and high resistance to wear are realized by allowing the precipitation of nano-particulates in crystals of a fine and very compact sintered body of alumina. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Welfare technosystem research and development (Mizusawa); 2000 nendo walfare technosystem kenkyu kaihatsu (Mizusawa) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For assisting aged people, healthy and living alone, in living without help, activities were conducted for (1) an electrical transmission experiment connecting residences (two, inhabited for the experiment) and a remote location (Techno-House) and (2) the development of a home server equipped with an electrocardiograph. Under item (1), data collected by sensors (occupancy sensor, open/close sensor, flame sensor, waterflow sensor) installed at the residences occupied by aged persons living alone were forwarded to Techno-House via CATV (cable television) and analyzed for the study of elderly people's behavior and daily life pattern. It was found that using this system the behavior of elderly people living alone might be detected even in the absence of their intention to report or communicate. Under item (2), an Ni-based electrode sheet was fabricated and installed in a bed and, via the sheet and a CATV channel, cardiographic waveforms were transmitted to Techno-House where the data were put into an analyzer for the examination of the elderly person's physical conditions. (NEDO)

Report on 1981 research result on the R and D of superlattice element; 1981 nendo chokokoshi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Development of basic technology was conducted on a superstructure lattice element. With an objective of developing a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, which is the basic technology for preparing the superstructure lattice element, the development of silicon clean surface preparing technology was performed, as were the development of molecular beam source, the development of two-dimensional analytical program for designing the element, etc. For the clean surface, comparison was made on various methods, developing a method capable of making a clean surface usable for the MBE fully by a low temperature process that had been non-existent. This was a low temperature thermal etching method which jointly uses a chemical process and a low warmth process. In the molecular beam source, it was found that a large size was necessary for the purpose of improving the purity of the molecular beam and also the characteristics of an epitaxial film, so that a large molecular beam source was developed. A conventional two-dimensional analytical program was improved and developed for the purpose of designing the superstructure lattice element and clarifying the characteristics. By applying the result to the analysis of the motion of the element with impurities doped in the manner of a superstructure lattice, the effectiveness was confirmed of this analytical method. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Welfare technosystem research and development (Sapporo); 2000 nendo Welfare technosystem kenkyu kaihatsu (Sapporo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Activities are conducted on system technologies for ensuring comfortable living circumstances and thereby helping aged or handicapped people live independently in snowy cold regions. The research and development efforts center about the three fields of (1) in-house systems to help aged or handicapped people live an independent life, (2) in-home care equipment systems suitable for advanced welfare oriented residences, and (3) user interface controllers to improve on operating sensation in a motor driven wheelchair. In field (1), studies involve the development of low floor residences for snowy cold regions, improvement on entrances for independent residences helping the inhabitants lead an independent life, and functionally excellent designs for handrails for steps, stairs, or bathrooms. In field (2), surveys are conducted concerning design improvements and their acceptability relative to a universal welfare equipment controller, optimum sound that welfare equipment alarms should produce, and transfer devices. In field (3), studies are made about motor driven wheelchair controllers. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Welfare technosystem research and development (Niihama); 2000 nendo walfare technosystem kenkyu kaihatsu (Niihama) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are made to develop welfare equipment systems for helping people needing care lead an independent life. In collecting data on the transfer of patients and carrying out research and development in this connection, activities are conducted to develop (1) a transfer wheelchair and a transfer aiding wheelchair, (2) a simplified transfer type toilet, and (3) a tilt mechanism installable on a standard wheelchair. Under item (1), a wheelchair and an auxiliary wheelchair enabling the transfer of a person who cannot move without help between a wheelchair and an automobile are experimentally built. Under item (2), a simplified transfer type toilet to which a single attendant can easily guide the patient from the bed is developed. Under item (3), a tilt mechanism is developed, installable on a wheelchair to recline the same for the aged person to assume a comfortable attitude. In the development of a portable character reading device, a finger tip reader was experimentally manufactured for reading Japanese characters. (NEDO)

Outline of geothermal energy research and development in fiscal 1999; Heisei 11 nendo chinetsu enerugi kenkyu kaihatsu no gaiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konishi, T. [Agency of Industrial Science and Tehcnology, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-18

In this paper, the outline of the budget of geothermal energy relation in fiscal 1999, the system of research and development and the outline of research and development are described. Budgets in fiscal 1999 are the general account 17 million yen, the power development special account 3,222 million yen, sum total 323,900 million yen and it is a 33 million yen decrease compared with the preceding year. Within research and development, the following are included as a survey investigation research; a geothermal energy survey and picking technology, a verification investigation of a geothermal energy exploration technique, a deep geothermal resource investigation and an analysis and evaluation therefor. As a development of geothermal energy power plants using hot water, the following are included; development of the 10 MW binary cycle power generation plant, development of the bottom hole information system (MWD) in geothermal well drilling, technology development of the geothermal hot dry rock source system. As an analysis and evaluation of the bottom hole information detection system in geothermal well drilling, the following are included; an analysis and evaluation of the hot dry rock thermal extraction system, an analysis and evaluation of the deep geothermal resources picking technology, an analysis and evaluation of metallic materials for the geothermal deep direction and an analysis and evaluation of high polymer materials for the geothermal deep direction. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Welfare technosystem research and development (Ube); 2000 nendo walfare technosystem kenkyu kaihatsu (Ube) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts continue to develop welfare nursing equipment for helping persons in need of nursing care or handicapped persons who live an independent life. Efforts are exerted in three fields for developing (1) a motor driven wheelchair in which the occupant feels as if driving a car, (2) an online cardiac function monitoring system using a cardiac sound sensor, (3) an automatic pressure belt for patients of postural low blood pressure, (4) and a seated position aiding and stabilizing device for workers with legs not fully useful. In field (1), the steering wheel, brake, and driving system are contrived so that the occupant may easily drive the wheelchair as if in an automobile driver's seat. In field (2), a device is developed to monitor and examine the heart rate and respiration rate, for which a cardiac sensor has to be installed on the water bed or an air mattress. In field (3), a computer controlled automatic pressure belt is developed for patients of myelopathy or cerebrovascular disease. In field (4), a work assisting device is developed to help seated workers with leg troubles. (NEDO)

Study on evaluating method for earthquake resisting performance of steel piers; Kosei kyokyaku no taishinsei ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Isoe, A.; Hashimoto, Y.; Morimoto, C.; Sakoda, H.; Ishige, T.; Yoshikawa, T.; Kishida, K. [Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe (Japan)

1998-12-20

After the shock of Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake in 1995, protection against level 2 earthquake becomes important subject for civil structures. Subsequently plastic design methods for steel piers have been studied and rapidly introduced. The authors developed a method to evaluate the earthquake resisting performance of a steel pier with a single mass model. This model is useful for design because of its simplicity but on the other hand it can not consider the effects of piers` interaction in space. To include this effect in an analysis a simple 3 dimensional calculation model of box-column pier is developed. (author)

Fiscal 1999 achievement report. Research and development of synergy ceramics; 1999 nendo synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Studies are conducted on three subjects, which are the development of 1) high-temperature energy materials technology, 2) ultrasophisticated materials technology, and 3) high-performance active materials technology. Under subject 1), high-strength porous materials are to be developed, which are resistant to heat and corrosion, tolerant of damage and deformation, and light in weight. In addition, relative to fluid transmission, materials are to be developed, which are highly resistant to heat, corrosion, and thermal impact, and capable of separating and removing particulates of powder dust. Under subject 2), efforts are under way to develop two technologies, related to materials creation and their application. The former technology involves the development of a process of simultaneously equipping materials with high wear resistance, desired friction factors, and desired mechanical and thermal characteristics; a process of equipping them with a trace damage detecting function; and a process of simultaneously equipping them with functions of restoration from accidents and of self-lubrication. Relative to the latter technology, efforts are conducted, in coordination with the endeavors for the above-said materials creation technology, to develop materials and their application with attention paid to some specified functions. Under subject 3), self-complete type ceramic materials not requiring an external driving power source are to be developed, in which a selective cleaning function and environmental energy conversion function are amalgamated. (NEDO)

Survey of an evaluation method for research and development projects; Kenkyu kaihatsu project no hyoka shuho ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This report describes an interim evaluation method and a concrete evaluation method for projects promoted by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, and NEDO. As a result of the survey, a method of highly practical interim evaluation, concrete evaluation items, and evaluation criteria have been proposed by assuming that the projects are evaluated by the project evaluation department independent of the project promotion department. Long-term issues for constructing the evaluation system are also described. It is the most essential for the evaluation to fulfill the function of effective promotion of the following projects. It is also indispensable for the evaluation method and issues proposed in this report to communicate closely to project promoters and researchers, and to reassess the projects continuously. Continuous consideration for the feedback of evaluation process and the improvement of evaluation are significant for the long-term construction of system. 21 refs., 9 figs., 23 tabs.