A comparative analysis of physical and chemical properties of Jatropha Curcas. L, Calophyllum Inophyllum. L and Sterculia Feotida. L oil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silitonga, A.S. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Medan State Polytechnic (Indonesia)], email: ardinsu@yahoo.co.id, email: a_atabani2@msn.com; Atabani, A.E. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Khartoum (Sudan); Mahlia, T.M.I. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, (Indonesia); Masjuki, H.H.; Badruddin, I.A. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya (Malaysia)

2011-07-01

Production of bio-diesel converted from edible oil has raised the issue of competition for resources between food production and fuel production, as well as other questions of environmental impact. It has been established that producing bio-diesel from non-edible vegetable oils was one of the effective ways to resolve these issues. Jatropha curcas L., Calophyllum inophyllum L., and Sterculia foetida L. are all non-edible oils and all can be potential sources for future energy supply. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the results of a comparative analysis of the physical and chemical properties of Jatropha curcas L., Calophyllum inophyllum L., and Sterculia foetida L. oils. Physical and chemical properties of these vegetable oils, such as density, iodine value, free fatty acid, etc. were investigated and measured. These properties were then compared with those of other non-edible vegetable oils in terms of potential. This paper finds that the results of analysis indicate that there is high potential for using Jatropha curcas L., Calophyllum inophyllum L., and Sterculia foetida L. crude oil as an alternative fuel.

Constituintes químicos, fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante de Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naudin Chemical constituents, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naudin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danielly Albuquerque Costa

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A investigação fitoquímica das cascas do caule de Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naudin, através de métodos cromatográficos, conduziu ao isolamento dos esteróides sitosterol, estigmasterol e sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo, além de quatro triterpenóides pentacíclicos, o lupeol, 3-β-O-acil lupeol, lupenona e ácido betulínico. As estruturas desses compostos foram identificadas por análise dos espectros de RMN ¹H e 13C e comparações com dados da literatura. Para determinação do teor de fenóis totais do extrato etanólico de S. striata utilizou-se o reativo Folin Ciocalteu, enquanto na avaliação da atividade antioxidante empregou-se o radical livre DPPH. Este é o primeiro trabalho descrevendo o estudo químico com as cascas do caule desta espécie.The phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naudin by chromatographic methods led to the isolation of sitosterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, besides pentacyclic triterpenoids, lupeol, 3-β-O-acyl-lupeol, lupenone and betulinic acid. The structures of these compounds were identified by ¹H and 13C NMR spectral data analysis and comparison with literature data. For determining of the phenolic content of the etanolic extract of Sterculia striata we used the Folin Ciocalteu reagent, and for the evaluation of antioxidant activity, we utilized the DPPH free radical. This is the first work reporting the chemical study with the stem bark of this species.

Chemical characterization of the oil of Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naud nuts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chaves, Mariana H.; Barbosa, Andrea S.; Moita Neto, Jose M.; Aued-Pimentel, Sabria; Lago, Joao Henrique G.

2004-01-01

This paper describes total lipid content, unsaponifiable fraction and the acid, refractive, saponification and iodine indices of the oil of Sterculia striata nuts. The fatty acids, the sterols and the triterpene alcohols were determined. The percentage of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA), determined by NMR 1 H (15,5%), makes the nuts of this species unsuitable for human consumption. (author)

Tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate coated natural fabric Sterculia urens

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Jayaramudu, J

2009-04-01

Full Text Available stress, Young's modulus and % elongation at break were determined using a Universal Testing Machine. The effect of alkali treatment and the polymethyl methacrylate coating on tensile properties of the fabric was studied. The morphology of the fabric...

Huminsäuren in Oberflächensedimenten der Nordsee: Indikatoren für terrestrischen Eintrag?

OpenAIRE

Fooken, Ummo

2000-01-01

123 Huminsäureextrakte, überwiegend aus Oberflächensedimenten der Nordsee, aber auch aus anderen marinen und lacustrinen Sedimenten, sowie Torfen und terrestrischen Böden wurden über verschiedene spektroskopische (FT-IR, UV/Vis, NMR, Fluoreszenz) und elementanalytische Verfahren charakterisiert und verglichen. Anhand der erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurde untersucht, welche der gemessenen Parameter für eine Differenzierung mariner und terrestrischer Huminsäuren geeignet sind. Während beispielsweise ...

Development of novel hydrogels by modification of sterculia gum through radiation cross-linking polymerization for use in drug delivery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Baljit; Vashishtha, Manu

2008-01-01

In order to modify the sterculia gum polysaccharide, to develop the hydrogels meant for the drug delivery, we have prepared sterculia gum, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) based hydrogels by radiation-induced crosslinking polymerization. Polymeric networks (hydrogels) thus formed were characterized with SEMs, FTIR,TGA and swelling studies which were carried out as a function monomers concentration, radiation dose, amount of sterculia contents in the polymer matrix and nature of the swelling medium. This paper discusses the swelling kinetics of the hydrogels and release dynamics of anti-diarrhea model drug ornidazole from the hydrogels to evaluation of swelling and drug release mechanism. Diffusion exponent 'n' have 0.73, 0.56 and 0.61 values and gel characteristic constant 'k' have 1.28 x 10 -2 , 2.95 x 10 -2 and 2.14 x 10 -2 values in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer. The release of drug from the polymer matrix occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The values for the late time diffusion coefficients have been lower than the values of initial and average diffusion coefficients. It reflects that in the initial stages rate of release of drug from polymer matrix was higher as compared to the late stages, it means after certain time the drug release occurred in controlled manner

An evaluation of fuelwood properties of some Aravally mountain tree and shrub species of Western India

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nirmal Kumar, J.I.; Patel, Kanti; Bhoi, Rohit Kumar [P.G. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research (ISTAR), Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat (India); Kumar, Rita N. [Department of Biological and Environmental Science, N.V. Patel college of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat (India)

2011-01-15

The study analyses the fuelwood characteristics of 26 trees including shrub species from the dry deciduous forest in Aravally region, Rajasthan, Western India was carried out to explore trees with potential for fuelwood production. Fuelwood value index (FVI) based on the properties of calorific value, wood density and ash. Calorific value was ranged between 18.54 {+-} 0.04 and 27.44 {+-} 0.09 KJ g{sup -1} in Jatropha curcus and Wrightia tinctoria respectively. Wood density varied from 0.538 {+-} 0.01 to 0.966 {+-} 0.07 g/cm{sup 3} in J. curcus and Acacia nilotica. Same way ash and moisture content was highest in J. curcus (3.38 {+-} 0.19%) and Sterculia urens (70.28 {+-} 7.52%) and lowest in Miliusa tomentosa (0.85 {+-} 0.06%) and Azadirachta indica (30.7 {+-} 10.02%) respectively. On the basis, of the 26 species analyzed, M. tomentosa has the highest FVI, followed by Lannea coromandelica, Acacia leucophloea, Madhuca indica, A. nilotica, W. tinctoria, Butea monosperma, Zizyphus nummularia, S. urens, Boswellia serrata, A. indica, Grewia tenax, Syzygium cuminii, Tectona grandis and Dalbergia sissoo were shown to have promising fuelwood production. (author)

Synthesis of co-polymer-grafted gum karaya and silica hybrid organic–inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite for the highly effective removal of methylene blue

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mittal, H

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study the adsorption behavior of the nanosilica-containing hydrogel nanocomposite of gum karaya grafted with poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide) (GK-cl-P(AA-co-AAM)) in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous...

The effect of gamma irradiation on guar gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth and gum karaya

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, Karen; Gray, Richard

1993-01-01

Changes in rheological properties, as measured by viscosity, of two galactomannans (guar gum and locust beam gum) and two acidic polysaccharides (gumtragacanth and gum karaya) were studied at a range of irradiation doses o C for 1 h was determined over a wide shear rate range. All samples showed pseudoplastic behaviour which approached Newtonian with increasing irradiation dose. Viscosities were calculated at a shear rate of 54 sec -1 to enable comparison across the samples. Both galactomannans showed a decrease in viscosity with increasing γ irradiation independent of temperature and a hypothesis is proposed that at low γ irradiation doses (<2 kGy) there is a reduction in polymer aggregation in solution, whereas at higher doses polymer hydrolysis occurs. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy data supports this hypothesis, with the detection of different free radicals at low and high irradiation doses. The viscosity of the acidic polysaccharides, gum karaya and gum tragacanth, following γ irradiation at low doses (<1 kGy) was unchanged or slightly higher when compared to the unirradiated control samples. Above 1 kGy dispersion viscosity decreased with increasing dose. For these polysaccharides chain hydrolysis seems to occur during irradiation at all doses resulting in an increase in the amount of soluble polymer and hence increased viscosity at low doses, whilst at high doses viscosity decreases due to extensive polymer hydrolysis. Similar electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were obtained at low and high doses with a stronger signal at the higher dose. (Author)

Natural polysaccharides as active biomaterials in nanostructured films for sensing.

Science.gov (United States)

Eiras, Carla; Santos, Amanda C; Zampa, Maysa F; de Brito, Ana Cristina Facundo; Leopoldo Constantino, Carlos J; Zucolotto, Valtencir; dos Santos, José R

2010-01-01

The search for natural, biocompatible and degradable materials amenable to be used in biomedical/analytical applications has attracted attention, either from the environmental or medical point of view. Examples are the polysaccharides extracted from natural gums, which have found applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as stabilizers or thickening agent. In a previous paper, however, it was shown that a Brazilian natural gum, chicha (Sterculia striata), is suitable for application as building block for nanostructured film fabrication in conjunction with phthalocyanines. The films displayed electroactivity and could be used in sensing. In the present paper, we introduce the use of two different natural gums, viz., angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) and caraia (Sterculia urens), as active biomaterials to be used to modification layers, in the form of nanostructured thin films, including the study of dopamine detection. The multilayer films were assembled in conjunction with nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines (NiTsPC) and displayed good chemical and electrochemical stability, allowing their use as transducer elements in sensors for detection of specific neurotransmitters. It is suggested here that nanoscale manipulation of new biodegradable natural polymers opens up a variety of new opportunities for the use of these materials in advanced biomedical and analytical devices.

Sterculia crosslinked PVA and PVA-poly(AAm) hydrogel wound dressings for slow drug delivery: mechanical, mucoadhesive, biocompatible and permeability properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Baljit; Pal, Lok

2012-05-01

The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of sterculia crosslinked PVA and PVA-AAm hydrogel wound dressings. The hydrogels have been characterized by SEMs, FTIR, TGA and swelling studies. This article also discusses comparison of swelling, drug release and biomedical properties such as blood compatibility, antimicrobial activity, mucoadhesion, tensile strength, burst strength, water vapour permeability, oxygen diffusion and microbial penetration of both hydrogel wound dressings. These polymeric films have absorbed 4.80 ± 0.15 and 6.32 ± 0.15 gram/g of gel of simulated wound fluid respectively and swelling occurred through Case II diffusion mechanism. The release of antibiotic drugs occurred through non-Fickian and Case II diffusion mechanisms, respectively. These polymeric films have been observed to be permeable for oxygen and water vapour but have shown impermeability to the micro-organism. Sterculia-PVA hydrogel wound dressing has shown more blood compatibility as compared to the other film. All these results indicate that these hydrogel films may be used as wound dressings for the slow release of antibiotic drug to the wound. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of gamma irradiation on guar gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth and gum karaya

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

King, Karen (Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast (United Kingdom) Queen' s Univ., Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)); Gray, Richard (Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast (United Kingdom))

1993-02-01

Changes in rheological properties, as measured by viscosity, of two galactomannans (guar gum and locust beam gum) and two acidic polysaccharides (gumtragacanth and gum karaya) were studied at a range of irradiation doses < 10 kGy. Powdered samples were irradiated, and the viscosity of a 1% dispersion prepared at room temperature or by heating to 80[sup o]C for 1 h was determined over a wide shear rate range. All samples showed pseudoplastic behaviour which approached Newtonian with increasing irradiation dose. Viscosities were calculated at a shear rate of 54 sec[sup -1] to enable comparison across the samples. Both galactomannans showed a decrease in viscosity with increasing [gamma] irradiation independent of temperature and a hypothesis is proposed that at low [gamma] irradiation doses (<2 kGy) there is a reduction in polymer aggregation in solution, whereas at higher doses polymer hydrolysis occurs. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy data supports this hypothesis, with the detection of different free radicals at low and high irradiation doses. The viscosity of the acidic polysaccharides, gum karaya and gum tragacanth, following [gamma] irradiation at low doses (<1 kGy) was unchanged or slightly higher when compared to the unirradiated control samples. Above 1 kGy dispersion viscosity decreased with increasing dose. For these polysaccharides chain hydrolysis seems to occur during irradiation at all doses resulting in an increase in the amount of soluble polymer and hence increased viscosity at low doses, whilst at high doses viscosity decreases due to extensive polymer hydrolysis. Similar electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were obtained at low and high doses with a stronger signal at the higher dose. (Author).

Anti-nociceptive properties in rodents and the possibility of using polyphenol-rich fractions from sida urens L. (Malvaceae) against of dental caries bacteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Konaté, Kiessoun; Zerbo, Patrice; Ouédraogo, Maurice; Dibala, Crépin I; Adama, Hilou; Sytar, Oksana; Brestic, Marian; Barro, Nicolas

2013-06-21

Sida urens L. (Malvaceae) is in flora of Asian medicinal herbs and used traditionally in West of Burkina Faso for the treatment of infectious diseases and particularly used against, dental caries bacteria, fever, pain and possesses analgesic properties. This study was conducted to reveal the antibacterial effect against dental caries bacteria on the one hand, and evaluate their analgesic capacity in experimental model with Swiss mice and on the other hand, with an aim to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of this plant for the management of dental caries bacteria. The antibacterial assays in this study were performed by using inhibition zone diameters, MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (Minimal bactericidal concentration) methods. On the whole the dental caries bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains) were used. Negative control was prepared using discs impregnated with 10% DMSO in water and commercially available Gentamicin from Alkom Laboratories LTD was used as positive reference standards for all bacterial strains. In acute toxicity test, mice received doses of extract (acetone/water extract) from Sida urens L. by intraperitoneal route and LD50 was determined in Swiss mice. As for analgesic effects, acetic acid writhing method was used in mice. The acetic acid-induced writhing method was used in mice with aim to study analgesic effects. The results showed that the highest antibacterial activities were founded with the polyphenol-rich fractions against all bacterial strains compared to the standard antibiotic. About preliminary study in acute toxicity test, LD50 value obtained was more than 5000 mg/kg b.w. Polyphenol-rich fractions produced significant analgesic effects in acetic acid-induced writhing method and in a dose-dependent inhibition was observed. These results validate the ethno-botanical use of Sida urens L. (Malvaceae) and demonstrate the potential of this herbaceous as a potential antibacterial agent

Polyphenolic and biological activities of leaves extracts of Argemone subfusiformis (Papaveraceae and Urtica urens (Urticaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florence Jimoh

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Nowadays there is a resurgence of interest in wild plants for their possible medicinal value in diets, since some epidemiological studies have demonstrated their effectiveness against important diseases. Generally, foods of plant origin contain many bioactive compounds, proteins, energy, vitamins and specific minerals; in addition, the popular wild plant species provide fibre, essential fatty acids and enhance the taste and colour in diets. We studied the nutritional and medicinal potential of leaves of A. subfusiformis and U. urens, collected in Alice, South Africa in November 2006. To asses this we analyzed the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of leaves in acetone, methanol and water extracts, using standard analytical methods. The proximate analysis showed that the leaves of both plant species contained appreciable percentages of moisture; ashes; carbohydrates; crude proteins, lipids and fibres. Elemental analysis of macro and microelements showed higher values for U. urens that contained in decreasing order: iron>manganese>zinc>copper>calcium>potassium>nitrogen>magnesium> phosphorus>sodium, for A. subfusiformis resulted in iron>zinc>manganese>coppe r>calcium>potassium>nitrogen>magnesium>phosphorus>sodium. Besides, the chemical composition showed higher concentration of alkaloids, saponins and phytates in A. subfusiformis. The extracts also caused 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH and 2, 2-azinobis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS radical scavenging activities which were comparable to those of ascorbic acid. The extracts of both plants contained appreciable levels of polyphenols and also caused varied inhibition of some bacterial strains used in this study. When the nutrient and chemical constituents of these plants were compared with recommended dietary allowance (RDA values, the results revealed that the leaves contain an appreciable amount of nutrients, minerals, and phytochemicals and low levels of

Ovule and seed ontogeny of Sterculia striata (Sterculiaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana María González

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Sterculia striata presents two types of flowers on the same foot, perfect flowers that are functionally pistilate, and staminate flowers. For this reason this species was described as andromonoecious. The ovary is apocarpous, constituted by 4-5 carpels, while the style and the stigma are coherent. Considering their ontogeny and organization, the ovules are constituted by two units: the nucellar one, formed by nucella and inner integument; and the funicular one, that includes chalaza and external integument. The position of exostome near the hilum is in accordance with an anatropous ovule. However, due to the combination of all these characteristics the ovule of S. striata is described as hemianatropous. The ovule displays a very prominent exostome that persists in the seed as a caruncle. It also presents an obturator of placentarian origin. The fertilization is acrogamous. Three phases of the ovule and seed ontogeny were detected: initial, where nucella is curved until 90º; prefertilization, where the external integument continues its growth until the exostome is closed at 180º; and posfecundation, where the nucelar unit retakes the erect position and the embryo is inverted with respect to the hilum. The seed coat is multiplicative, being the layer of macrosclereids of the exotegmen the mechanical layer. The fruit is a follicle, in which each carpel presents abundant lysigenous cavities filled with mucilaginous substances.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gum karaya as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thekkae Padil VV

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Vinod Vellora Thekkae Padil, Miroslav ČerníkLaboratory of Chemical Remediation Processes, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec, Czech RepublicBackground: Copper oxide (CuO nanoparticles have attracted huge attention due to catalytic, electric, optical, photonic, textile, nanofluid, and antibacterial activity depending on the size, shape, and neighboring medium. In the present paper, we synthesized CuO nanoparticles using gum karaya, a natural nontoxic hydrocolloid, by green technology and explored its potential antibacterial application.Methods: The CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by a colloid-thermal synthesis process. The mixture contained various concentrations of CuCl2 · 2H2O (1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM and gum karaya (10 mg/mL and was kept at 75°C at 250 rpm for 1 hour in an orbital shaker. The synthesized CuO was purified and dried to obtain different sizes of the CuO nanoparticles. The well diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of the synthesized CuO nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results: Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed CuO nanoparticles evenly distributed on the surface of the gum matrix. X-ray diffraction of the synthesized nanoparticles indicates the formation of single-phase CuO with a monoclinic structure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak at 525 cm−1 should be a stretching of CuO, which matches up to the B2u mode. The peaks at 525 cm−1 and 580 cm−1 indicated the formation of CuO nanostructure. Transmission electron microscope analyses revealed CuO nanoparticles of 4.8 ± 1.6 nm, 5.5 ± 2.5 nm, and 7.8 ± 2.3 nm sizes were synthesized with various concentrations of CuCl2 · 2H2O (1 mM, 2 mM, and

Evidencia de dispersión de semillas de Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) Karst. por Ramphastos toco (Muller 1776), en la región del PantanalEvidence of Seed Dispersion in Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) Karst. by Rampahstos toco (Muller 1776), in The Pantanal Region

OpenAIRE

Santos Júnior, Antônio dos

2009-01-01

ResumenEl comportamiento de alimentación del Ramphastos toco en frutas del Sterculia apetala fue observado en la Estancia Caiman (19°51’ 05” S - 56°16’ 10” W), Miranda - MS, en el Medio oeste de Brasil. El R. toco es un visitante frecuente de las frutas del S. apetala en busca de sus semillas nutritivas. El pájaro ingiere las semillas enteras, quita la sarcotesta que cubre las semillas y comienza a regurgitar las semillas enteras y intactas. Esta información sugiere que el R. toco sea un disp...

Influence of gamma radiation on the physicochemical and rheological properties of sterculia gum polysaccharides

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Baljit; Sharma, Vikrant

2013-11-01

Keeping in view the influence of gamma radiation on the physiochemical properties of the polysaccharides and their importance in the food and pharmaceutical industry, in the present study attempt has been made to investigate the effects of absorbed dose on FTIR, XRD, SEMs, absorbance, pH, solubility, water absorption capacity, emulsion stability and rheology of sterculia gum. Increase in solubility and decrease in swellability of gum has been observed on increasing the absorbed dose. The emulsion stability has improved for the gum sample irradiated with total dose of 8.1±0.2 kGy. Apparent viscosity of gum solution first increased with increase in dose from 0 to 8.1±0.2 kGy than decreased with regular trends with further increase in total absorbed dose. Flow behavior of gum solution shifted to Newtonian from non-Newtonian with increasing the dose.

Aboriginal uses and management of ethnobotanical species in deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh state in India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kala Chandra

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract A study on the native uses of ethnobotanical species was carried out in the south Surguja district of Chhattisgarh state in India with the major objective of identifying different food and medicinal plant species and also to understand their ongoing management and conservation. Through questionnaire and personal interviews, a total of 73 ethnobotanical species used by tribal and non-tribal communities were documented, of these 36 species were used in curing different types of diseases and 22 were used as edible food plants. This rich traditional knowledge of local people has an immense potential for pharmacological studies. The outside forces, at present, were mainly blamed to change the traditional system of harvesting and management of ethnobotanical species. The destructive harvesting practices have damaged the existing populations of many ethnobotanical species viz., Asparagus racemosus, Dioscorea bulbifera, Boswellia serrata, Buchnania lanzan, Sterculia urens and Anogeissus latifolia. The sustainable harvesting and management issues of ethnobotanical species are discussed in view of their conservation and management.

Production and comparative fuel properties of biodiesel from non-edible oils: Jatropha curcas, Sterculia foetida and Ceiba pentandra

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ong, H.C.; Silitonga, A.S.; Masjuki, H.H.; Mahlia, T.M.I.; Chong, W.T.; Boosroh, M.H.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Biodiesel is an effective way to overcome environmental issue by diesel fuel. • Two stage acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and base (NaOH) catalyst transesterification process ware carried out to produce methyl ester. • Properties of produced jatropha, sterculia and ceiba methyl ester are within the ASTM D6751 standard. • The methyl ester content was 96.75%, 97.50% and 97.72% for JCME, SFME and CPME respectively. - Abstract: Biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oil is one of the effective ways to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental issues. The non-edible oils represent potential sources for future energy supply. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of crude Jatropha curcas oil (CJCO), crude Sterculia foetida oil (CSFO) and crude Ceiba pentandra oil (CCPO) and its methyl ester have been studied. The acid values of three oils were found to be 12.78 mg KOH per g, 5.11 mg KOH per g and 11.99 mg KOH per g which required acid-esterification and alkali-transesterification process. Acid value was decreased by esterification process using sulfuric acid anhydrous (H 2 SO 4 ) as a catalyst and alkaline (NaOH) catalyst transesterification was carried out for the conversion of crude oil to methyl esters. The optimal conditions of FAME yield achieved for those three biodiesel were 96.75%, 97.50% and 97.72% respectively. Furthermore, the fuel properties of J. curcas methyl ester (JCME), S. foetida methyl ester (SFME) and C. pentandra methyl ester (CPME) were determined and evaluated. As a result, those produced biodiesel matched and fulfilled ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. Based on the results, JCME, SFME and CPME are potential non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production

Effect of benzyl amino purine and indole-3-acetic acid on propagation of Sterculia foetida in vitro

Science.gov (United States)

Yuniastuti, E.; Widodo, C. E.; Samanhudi; Delfianti, M. N. I.

2018-03-01

Sterculia foetida is an oval seed plants that can be used as biofuel, which is one of the environmental friendly fuels. This plant is quite hard to find because not many peoples cultivate the plants. An in vitro propagation is one way to preserve the plant. This research aimed to determine optimum concentration of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to propagate S. foetida in vitro. The results showed that woody plant medium (WPM) added by 4 mg L BAP-1 and 0.5 mg L IAA-1 was able to produce complete plantlet, whereas those added by 4 mg L BAP-1 and 1 mg L IAA-1 generated the best growth of shoot and leaves.

Evidencia de dispersión de semillas de Sterculia apetala (Jacq. Karst. por Ramphastos toco (Muller 1776, en la región del Pantanal / Evidence of Seed Dispersion in Sterculia apetala (Jacq. Karst. by Rampahstos toco (Muller 1776, in The Pantanal Region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio dos Santos Júnior

2006-08-01

Full Text Available El comportamiento de alimentación del Ramphastos toco en frutas del Sterculia apetala fue observado en la Estancia Caiman (19°51’ 05” S - 56°16’ 10” W, Miranda - MS, en el Medio oeste de Brasil. El R. toco es un visitante frecuente de las frutas del S. apetala en busca de sus semillas nutritivas. El pájaro ingiere las semillas enteras, quita la sarcotesta que cubre las semillas y comienza a regurgitar las semillas enteras y intactas. Esta información sugiere que el R. toco sea un dispersor potencial de semillas de S. apetala, aunque investigaciones acerca de la germinación de semillas regurgitadas sean necesarias para explicar si el R. toco es un dispersor efectivo del S. apetala en el Pantanal.

Influence of gamma radiation on the physicochemical and rheological properties of sterculia gum polysaccharides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Baljit; Sharma, Vikrant

2013-01-01

Keeping in view the influence of gamma radiation on the physiochemical properties of the polysaccharides and their importance in the food and pharmaceutical industry, in the present study attempt has been made to investigate the effects of absorbed dose on FTIR, XRD, SEMs, absorbance, pH, solubility, water absorption capacity, emulsion stability and rheology of sterculia gum. Increase in solubility and decrease in swellability of gum has been observed on increasing the absorbed dose. The emulsion stability has improved for the gum sample irradiated with total dose of 8.1±0.2 kGy. Apparent viscosity of gum solution first increased with increase in dose from 0 to 8.1±0.2 kGy than decreased with regular trends with further increase in total absorbed dose. Flow behavior of gum solution shifted to Newtonian from non-Newtonian with increasing the dose. - Highlights: • Solubility increased and swellability decreased of gum on increasing the total dose. • Apparent viscosity of gum solution increased upto 8.1 kGy then decreased. • Emulsion stability improved for gum irradiated with total dose of 8.1 kGy. • Flow behavior shifted to Newtonian from non-Newtonian with increasing total dose

Isolasi, Identifikasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Antibiofilm Derivat Asam Galat dari Kulit Batang Sterculia quadrifida R.Br

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rollando Rollando

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br is used empirically by residents of Timor island to treat hepatitis, typhoid, ulcers, and to restore stamina. Information of active compound contained in the bark of faloak specifically unpublished. This study aims to determine the active compound contained in faloak bark that can be used as antibiofilm. The extraction was performed by soxletation method, the isolation was performed by gradient isolation method, the elusidation was performed by merging information from NMR and LC-MS spectra analysis. The biofilm inhibition activity test was performed by microdilution method formed on flat bottom flexible microplate U-bottom PVC 96 wells with staining using 1% crystal violet. The isolation process obtained 3 gallic acid derivatives, named isolate 1, isolate 2, and isolate 3. Test of inhibition of biofilm formation showed isolate 1 has IC50 of 46,87 µg/mL, isolate 2 has IC50 of 45,87 µg/mL, and isolate 3 has IC50 42,65 µg/mL.The biofilm test results showed that isolates 1-3 had high biofilm inhibition potency.

Composition Analysis and Inhibitory Effect of Sterculia lychnophora against Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Yang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Pangdahai is a traditional Chinese drug, specifically described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance. Here, we separated S. lychnophora husk and kernel, analyzed the nutrient contents, and investigated the inhibitory effects of S. lychnophora ethanol extracts on cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans, important bacteria in dental caries and plaque formation. Ethanol extracts of S. lychnophora showed dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. mutans with significant inhibition at concentrations higher than 0.01 mg/mL compared with the control group (p 0.03 mg/mL, while bacterial viability was decreased dose-dependently at high concentrations (0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 mg/mL. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract revealed a strong presence of alkaloid, phenolics, glycosides, and peptides while the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids was low. The S. lychnophora husk had higher moisture and ash content than the kernel, while the protein and fat content of the husk were lower (p<0.05 than those of the kernel. These results indicate that S. lychnophora may have antibacterial effects against S. mutans, which are likely related to the alkaloid, phenolics, glycosides, and peptides, the major components of S. lychnophora.

Composição química e antinutrientes presentes nas amêndoas cruas e torradas de chicha (Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin Chemical composition and antinutrients of raw and roasted chicha almonds (Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Gomes de Moura e Silva

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os componentes químicos e antinutrientes antes e após torrefação da amêndoa de chichá da espécie Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin, oriunda de Corrente, Piauí. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas análises: centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos, antinutrientes (taninos, inibidor de tripsina, inibidor de amilase, lectina, fitatos, compostos fenólicos e atividade de peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da análise centesimal da amêndoa crua e torrada foram: lipídeos de 25,1% e 26,2%, carboidratos de 44,4% e 45,6%, proteína de 20,8% e 22,1%, cinzas de 3,7% e 4,0%, fibra alimentar total de 12,3% e 10,4%, respectivamente. Nas amêndoas cruas e torradas não foram encontradas lectinas, taninos, inibidores de tripsina e alfa-amilase. Verificou-se a ausência de peroxidase e polifenoloxidase e conteúdo de compostos fenólicos de 107,7mg/100g e 108,9mg/100g para amêndoas cruas e torradas, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A torrefação realizada a 205°C por 11 minutos diminuiu o teor de fitatos de 10,6mg/g para 5,5mg/g. Por fim, as amêndoas de chichá, cruas e torradas, apresentam alto teor de proteínas, fibras, ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e saturados.OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the chemical components and antinutrients present in raw and roasted chichá almonds from the species Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin harvested in Corrente, Piauí. METHODS: The following were determined: percent composition, fatty acid profile, antinutrients (tannins, trypsin inhibitor, amylase inhibitor, lectin, phytates, phenolic compounds and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities. RESULTS: The percentage composition of the raw and lipid almonds were respectively: 25.1% and 26.2% fats, 44.4% and 45.6% carbohydrates, 20.8% and 22.1% protein, 3.7% and 4.0% ashes, and 12.3% and 10.4% total fiber. Neither raw nor roasted almonds contained lectins, tannins, trypsin inhibitors, alpha-amylase, peroxidase and

Constraints to growth of annual nettle (Urtica urens) in an elevated CO{sub 2} atmosphere: Decreased leaf area ratio and tissue N cannot be explained by ontogenetic drift or mineral N supply

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marriott, D.J. [Univ. of Wales, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Gwynedd (United Kingdom); Stirling, C.M. [Univ. of Wales, School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Gwynedd (United Kingdom); Farrar, J. [Univ. of Wales, School of Biological Science, Gwynedd (United Kingdom)

2001-07-01

The current literature indicates that the stimulation of relative growth rate (RGR) by an elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration is transient. Urtica urens L. was exposed to an elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration for 26 days to better understand the factors involved in this constraint to growth. Plants were grown hydroponically without nutrient limitation in controlled-environment cabinets. Consistent with studies of other C{sub 3} species, the initial CO{sub 2} stimulation of RGR of U. urens was not sustained and declined in the early stages of exposure. Whilst the decline in RGR was most strongly linked to a reduction in the CO{sub 2} stimulation of net assimilation rate (NAR), its initial increase was constrained by an early and persistent reduction in leaf area ratio (LAR) due to a decreased specific leaf area (SLA). The decline in NAR could not be linked to any down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity of individual leaves, despite an accumulation of soluble sugars in them. The reductions in LAR and SLA reflected an accumulation of structural weight in addition to an accumulation of total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC). To account for the impact of ontogenetic drift on the partitioning of weight and leaf area, this study extends the usual allometric approach to include an analysis of effects on the vertical placement of regression lines (i.e their elevations). Using this approach, we argue that CO{sub 2}-induced reductions in LAR and SLA cannot be explained by ontogenetic drift. By monitoring the tissue N concentration, external N supply was shown unambiguously to be non-limiting for growth at any plant size. Nevertheless, tissue N was consistently lower in elevated CO{sub 2}, independent of both ontogeny and TNC accumulation, raising the possibility that the reductions in NAR, LAR and SLA are related to some internal constraint on N utilization. (au)

Korelasi Kajian Fisikokimia Ekstrak Klika Faloak (Sterculia populifolia DC. Menggunakan Variasi Pelarut Terhadap Penghambatan Bakteri Patogen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reny Syahruni

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Faloak (Sterculia populifolia DC. is one of species of sterculiaceae found in East Nusa Tenggara which has potential as a medicinal plant mainly as an antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the correlation of physicochemical study of faloak bark extracts with variation of solvents in inhibiting of pathogenic bacteria. The sample was extracted by maceration method with different polarity level of solvents i.e acetone, acetone 70%, water, ethanol 96%, ethanol 70% and ethanol 50%. The results of extraction through maceration indicate the difference of yield recovery from each of the extraction solvents. The highest yield was obtained from 70% ethanol extract, while the lowest yield of acetone extract. The increase of solvent polarity in this study did not give effect to the amount of recovery of yield. It is also seen from the highest total phenolic content obtained from 70% acetone extract while the lowest in aquadest extract. The antibacterial activity of faloak bark extract on Salmonella typhi was tested using agar diffusion method with 1% of extract solution. Both of ethanol 96% and acetone extracts did not show any inhibitory activity. The largest inhibitory activity was demonstrated by 50% ethanol extract. The polarity level of the extract, the level of total phenolic content and the magnitude of rendement  did not show correlation of increased inhibitory activity on Salmonella thypi as well.

POPULASI, SEBARAN DAN ASOSIASI KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L. DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arya Arismaya Metananda

2016-07-01

Full Text Available  Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L. is a multi-function plant that presently in danger of extinction. Various acts of illegal logging, convertion of the region, as well as their skin dormancy is a challenge in conservation kepuh in nature. As racing with these conditions, conservation efforts must be known in advance regarding kepuh’s  population, how the spatial distribution and association as well. This data is important as a basis of the policy making and action in the field of handling. Therefore, the research was conducted to identify the population of kepuh, spatial distribution of kepuh and associated with other spesies. This research was conducted in 12 districts in Sumbawa Regency through surveys and literature review. The result of exploration and single quadrat method were found 169 individuals (65 seedlings, 5 saplings, 14 poles, 85 trees kepuh in 12 districts. Based on its distribution, kepuh was unevened these days. The patterns of kepuh’s distribution was clumped. This means  that socio ecologically the existence of food and beverage is concentrated in certain locations. On the other side of the socio biological clumped distribution also indicate social interaction/association among kepuh and other plants. Associations pattern shown, kepuh in nature are relatively positive. However, when it is viewed from the level of the association by applying Jaccard index showed that the associations were formed relatively weak (average value 0,38. Population presented infomation, distribution and distribution patterns and associations of kepuh would be the basis for sustainable management of kepuh in nature. Keyword: association, conservation, distribution, kepuh, population.

Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of lupeol, a triterpene compound isolated from Sterculia villosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Antu; Jawed, Junaid Jibran; Das, Manash C; Sandhu, Padmani; De, Utpal C; Dinda, Biswanath; Akhter, Yusuf; Bhattacharjee, Surajit

2017-10-01

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most severe forms of leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. Nowadays there is a growing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products to treat parasitic diseases. Sterculia villosa is an ethnomedicinally important plant. A triterpenoid was isolated from this plant and was screened for its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical colour test and spectroscopic data confirmed that the isolated pure compound was lupeol. Lupeol exhibited significant antileishmanial activity, with IC 50 values of 65 ± 0.41 µg/mL and 15 ± 0.45 µg/mL against promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. Lupeol caused maximum cytoplasmic membrane damage of L. donovani promastigote at its IC 50 dose. It is well known that during infection the Leishmania parasite exerts its pathogenicity in the host by suppressing nitric oxide (NO) production and inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses. It was observed that lupeol induces NO generation in L. donovani-infected macrophages, followed by upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Lupeol was also found to reduce the hepatic and splenic parasite burden through upregulation of the pro-inflammatory response in L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice. Strong binding affinity of lupeol was observed for four major potential drug targets, namely pteridine reductase 1, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, lipophosphoglycan biosynthetic protein and glycoprotein 63 of L. donovani, which also supported its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, the present study highlights the antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of lupeol in an in vitro and in vivo model of VL. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Sterculiaceae of Paraguay. I. Ayenia, Byttneria, Guazuma, Helicteres, Melochia and Sterculia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen L. Cristóbal

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The taxonomic revision of the Sterculiaceae family in Paraguay is presented here, including 56 species and 4 varieties, a total of 59 taxa three of which are endemic. They belong to 7 genera, the same that grow in Argentina, with a variable number of species, ranging from 1 like in Sterculia and Guazuma to 16 such as Byttneria andMelochia. The family is distributed along all the area in very diverse habitats, like gallery forests, fertile lands, but also on calcarate, saltpetrous or sandy soils. The habit is generally shrubby to sub-shrubby, rarely arborescent or climbing. The plants are unarmed or spinose such in some Byttneria species. The project to revise this family stimulated the attention in the field work. As result was foundAyenia magna, member of the section Cybiostigma. Its more southern area was Trinidad in the coast of Venezuela, and now it has been found at Cerro León, in the north of western Paraguay. Another interesting finding is Ayenia spinulosa, which has been only known by the type specimen. This species grows on calcarate soils of the Concepción department. A generous amount of specimens make possible that this taxa can be represented in many herbaria of the world. The Sterculiaceae flowers are always small, usually agglomerate at the leafs axils, and in many cases morphologically complex. The petals are reddish or violet, rarely yellow like inWaltheria, or white. In Melochia it can be longistyle, brevistyle or mesostyle. The leaves are petiolate, estipulate, with stellate, single or glandular hairs. The appearance of the plants and the indument are similar to many Malvaceae, due to which it is necessary to examine this family at the herbaria. The anthers are dithecal and enlarged in Sterculiaceae, while in Malvaceae are monothecal and rounded. The text includes the description, synonymy and illustration of each taxon, keys to distinguish each one and its geographic distribution represented on 11 maps. The

Social perspective: the missing element in mental health practice

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

U'Ren, Richard C

2011-01-01

.... ________________________________________________________________ Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication U'Ren, Richard, 1939- Social perspective : the missing element in mental health practice / Richard U'Ren...

Phytochemistry, biological activities and economical uses of the genus S t e r c u l i a and the related genera: A reveiw

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moshera Mohamed El-Sherei

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The genus Sterculia is represented by 200 species which are widespread mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Some of the Sterculia species are classified under different genera based on special morphological features. These are Pterygota Schott & Endl., Firmiana Marsili, Brachychiton Schott & Endl., Hildegardia Schott & Endl., Pterocymbium R.Br. and Scaphium Schott & Endl. The genus Sterculia and the related genera contain mainly flavonoids, whereas terpenoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other types of compounds including sugars, fatty acids, lignans and lignins are of less distribution. The biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities have been reported for several species of the genus. On the other hand, there is confusion on the systematic position and classification of the genus Sterculia. However, the wide range of the reported flavonoids in the present review is quite significant and can act as a guide for further studies from the chemosystematic point of view. Also the value of the genus Sterculia and its related genera in the traditional medicine and their effective biological activities led to the possibilities of finding new sources of drugs for prospect applications.

Characterization and application of Mucuna urens seed husk as novel biosorbent for sequestration of some divalent metal ions from solution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Linda Obiageli ELUKE

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The utilization of Horse-Eye Bean (Mucuna urens Seed Husk (HEBSH as low cost biosorbent for the abstraction of Co (II, Pb (II and Zn (II ions from water was performed. The biosorbent was characterized by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. The influence of pH, initial metal ion concentration, biosorbent dosage and contact time on the biosorption was studied. Four isotherm and four kinetic models were used to determine the mechanism of biosorption. FTIR showed the presence of some functional groups such as OH, C=O, C=C, C-O, C-Cl on the surface of HEBSH, while XRD and SEM showed amorphous and non-porous surface structure respectively. Optimum biosorption of the metal ions was obtained at pH 6.0, biosorbent dosage 0.1 g, metal concentration 400 mg/L and contact time of 30, 40, and 60 min for Co (II, Zn (II and Pb (II respectively. The Freundlich gave the best fit for the three metal ions (R2 > 0.95 than the Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models indicating a multilayer biosorption on a heterogenous surface of HEBSH. Kinetic analysis showed the pseudo first order model presented good fits for Zn (II and Pb (II while the pseudo second order model for Co (II. The initial sorption rate h (mg/g min was 2.35 × 10-3, 2.1 × 10-4 and 6.3 × 10-7 for Co (II, Zn (II and Pb (II ions respectively. Liquid film diffusion was found to be the diffusion mechanism of biosorption rather than the intraparticle diffusion. The experimental investigation showed that HEBSH is effective as a low cost alternative biosorbent for the sequestration of heavy metal ions from aqueous stream.

Nanocomposites of graphene oxide and upconversion rare-earth nanocrystals with superior optical limiting performance

KAUST Repository

Wei, Wei

2012-04-20

Upconversion rare-earth nanomaterials (URENs) possess highly efficient near-infrared (NIR), e.g., 980 nm, laser absorption and unique energy upconversion capabilities. On the other hand, graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO), show excellent performance in optical limiting (OL); however, the wavelengths of currently used lasers for OL studies mainly focus on either 532 or 1064 nm. To design new-generation OL materials working at other optical regions, such as the NIR, a novel nanocomposites, GO-URENs, which combines the advantages of both its components, is synthesized by a one-step chemical reaction. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence studies prove that the α-phase URENs uniformly attach on the GO surface via covalent chemical bonding, which assures highly efficient energy transfer between URENs and GO, and also accounts for the significantly improved OL performance compared to either GO or URENs. The superior OL effect is also observed in the proof-of-concept thin-film product, suggesting immediate applications in making high-performance laser-protecting products and optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Nectar production dynamics and sugar composition in two Mucuna species (Leguminosae, Faboideae) with different specialized pollinators

Science.gov (United States)

Agostini, Kayna; Sazima, Marlies; Galetto, Leonardo

2011-11-01

Nectar is secreted in particular rhythms throughout the lifespan of a flower, which allows determining the nectar production dynamics. This paper compares nectar features in Mucuna japira and Mucuna urens describing: dynamics of nectar production, floral response to nectar removal, resorption, nectar sugar composition, and variation in nectar sugar composition. M. japira inflorescence bears 12-21 yellow flowers, which are in anthesis for 7 days, whereas M. urens inflorescence bears 36-54 greenish flowers, but only 1-3 flowers are in anthesis simultaneously that last one night. Nectar volume and sugar concentration were measured, and the amount of sugar was estimated. Qualitative and quantitative nectar sugar composition was determined. Both species had a constant nectar sugar concentration (ca. 10% for M. japira and ca. 16% for M. urens) and secreted high volumes of nectar (ca. 340 μl per flower for M. japira and 310 μl per flower for M. urens), during 5 days for M. japira and 6 h for M. urens, but after the first removal, i.e., when flower opening mechanism is triggered, nectar production stops immediately. Nectar resorption occurred in both species. Nectar sugar composition showed some similarities between the species. Variation in nectar sugar composition occurred in both species. The Mucuna species are dependent on their pollinators to produce fruits and seeds, and they have different strategies to promote the necessary interaction with birds or bats, especially related to nectar and flower characteristics.

In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Extracts of Sterculia africana, Acacia sieberiana, and Cassia abbreviata ssp. abbreviata Used by Yellow Baboons (Papio cynocephalus for Possible Self-Medication in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irene Kirabo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The animals in general and nonhuman primates in particular self-medication has been widely reported; however, little is still known about the pharmacological activity of the extracts present in their daily diet. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the stem, root bark, and leaf extracts of three selected plants on which yellow baboons feed in unusual manner in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, was evaluated. Crude plant extracts were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of medical and veterinary importance employing a modified agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC technique. The lowest MIC value for Gram positive strains was 0.31 mg/ml demonstrated by Cassia abbreviata ssp. abbreviata against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923. The highest susceptibility to the ethanol plant extracts was exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, examples of microbes that affect both human and nonhuman primates. These findings demonstrate that the plant extracts from Sterculia africana, Acacia sieberiana, and Cassia abbreviata ssp. abbreviata have antibacterial activity and may be used as feed for their prophylactic benefits. Remarkably, the lowest MIC of 0.16 mg/ml was only 16-fold weaker than Gentamicin, a standard drug.

Toxicity and Anxiolytic Property of Nettle in Mice in Light/Dark Test

OpenAIRE

Doukkali Z; Taghzouti K; Bouidida El H; Kamal R; El Jemeli M; Bahia B; Zellou A; Cherrah Y; Alaoui K

2016-01-01

Background: Anxiety is an unpleasant state of inner turmoil often accompanied by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. There is some evidence in traditional medicine for the effectiveness of Urtica urens in the treatment of anxiety in humans. The present study was designed to study anxiolytic property of aqueous extracts of Urtica urens; an important and commonly used for its medicinal properties belongs to urticaceae family. Methods: The anxiolytic activity was evaluated ...

Biofabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Sterculia foetida L. seed extract and their toxic potential against mosquito vectors and HeLa cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajasekharreddy, Pala; Rani, Pathipati Usha

2014-01-01

A one-step and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver-(protein-lipid) nanoparticles (Ag-PL NPs) (core–shell) has been developed using the seed extract from wild Indian Almond tree, Sterculia foetida (L.) (Sterculiaceae). The reaction temperature played a major role in controlling the size and shell formation of NPs. The amount of NPs synthesized and qualitative characterization was done by UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. TEM studies exhibited controlled dispersity of spherical shaped NPs with an average size of 6.9 ± 0.2 nm. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed ‘fcc’ phase and crystallinity of the particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify the protein–lipid (PL) bilayer that appears as a shell around the Ag core particles. The thermal stability of the Ag-PL NPs was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further analysis was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where the spectra provided evidence for the presence of proteins and lipid moieties ((2n-octylcycloprop-1-enyl)-octanoic acid (I)), and their role in synthesis and stabilization of Ag NPs. This is the first report of plant seed assisted synthesis of PL conjugated Ag NPs. These formed Ag-PL NPs showed potential mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. These Ag-PL NPs can also act as promising agents in cancer therapy. They exhibited anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cancer cell lines and a promising toxicity was observed in a dose dependent manner. Toxicity studies were further supported by the cellular DNA fragmentation in the Ag-PL NPs treated HeLa cells. - Highlights: • Green synthesis of protein-lipid conjugated Ag NPs using S. foetida L. seed extract. • S. foetida seed extract acted as good reducing and stabilizing agent for Ag NPs. • XPS and

Biofabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Sterculia foetida L. seed extract and their toxic potential against mosquito vectors and HeLa cancer cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rajasekharreddy, Pala; Rani, Pathipati Usha, E-mail: usharani65@yahoo.com

2014-06-01

A one-step and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver-(protein-lipid) nanoparticles (Ag-PL NPs) (core–shell) has been developed using the seed extract from wild Indian Almond tree, Sterculia foetida (L.) (Sterculiaceae). The reaction temperature played a major role in controlling the size and shell formation of NPs. The amount of NPs synthesized and qualitative characterization was done by UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. TEM studies exhibited controlled dispersity of spherical shaped NPs with an average size of 6.9 ± 0.2 nm. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed ‘fcc’ phase and crystallinity of the particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify the protein–lipid (PL) bilayer that appears as a shell around the Ag core particles. The thermal stability of the Ag-PL NPs was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further analysis was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where the spectra provided evidence for the presence of proteins and lipid moieties ((2n-octylcycloprop-1-enyl)-octanoic acid (I)), and their role in synthesis and stabilization of Ag NPs. This is the first report of plant seed assisted synthesis of PL conjugated Ag NPs. These formed Ag-PL NPs showed potential mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. These Ag-PL NPs can also act as promising agents in cancer therapy. They exhibited anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cancer cell lines and a promising toxicity was observed in a dose dependent manner. Toxicity studies were further supported by the cellular DNA fragmentation in the Ag-PL NPs treated HeLa cells. - Highlights: • Green synthesis of protein-lipid conjugated Ag NPs using S. foetida L. seed extract. • S. foetida seed extract acted as good reducing and stabilizing agent for Ag NPs. • XPS and

Urtica spp.: Phenolic composition, safety, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, Ana Rita; Costa, Gustavo; Figueirinha, Artur; Liberal, Joana; Prior, João A V; Lopes, Maria Celeste; Cruz, Maria Teresa; Batista, Maria Teresa

2017-09-01

Urtica dioica and other less studied Urtica species (Urticaceae) are often used as a food ingredient. Fifteen hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and sixteen flavonoids, flavone and flavonol-type glycosides were identified in hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Urtica dioica L., Urtica urens L. and Urtica membranacea using HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS n . Among them, the 4-caffeoyl-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid and three statin-like 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl flavone derivatives were identified for the first time in Urtica urens and U. membranacea respectively. Urtica membranacea showed the higher content of flavonoids, mainly luteolin and apigenin C-glycosides, which are almost absent in the other species studied. In vitro, Urtica dioica exhibited greater antioxidant activity but Urtica urens exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory potential. Interestingly, statin-like compounds detected in Urtica membranacea have been associated with hypocholesterolemic activity making this plant interesting for future investigations. None of the extracts were cytotoxic to macrophages and hepatocytes in bioactive concentrations (200 and 350μg/mL), suggesting their safety use in food applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Correlation Between Total Flavonoid Contents and Macrophage Phagocytosis Activity of Fractions From Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br. Barks Ethanolic Extract In Vitro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rima Munawaroh

2018-04-01

Full Text Available On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br. has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of Balb/c mice in vitro by the latex beads method. Phagocytosis capacity and phagocytosis index were analyzed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey HSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity and the highest total flavonoid content compared to other fractions. The highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity of ethyl acetate fraction at concentration of 250 μg/mL was 51,94±4,67%, this value was significantly different from cell control (7,50±1,29%, negative controls of 0,0625% dimethylsulphoxide (6,25±0,36%, as well as positive control of 200 μg/mL echinaceae extract syrup® (9,97±0,33%. The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate fraction determined by aluminum chloride method was 4,290±0.029 mg of quercetin equivalent/g fraction. There was a positive and strong correlation between the total flavonoid content of these extract and fractions with their macrophage

Holocene vegetation and climatic variations in Central India: A study based on multiproxy evidences

Science.gov (United States)

Chauhan, M. S.; Sharma, Anupam; Phartiyal, Binita; Kumar, Kamlesh

2013-11-01

Palynology, texture, mineralogy, geochemistry, and magnetic susceptibility analysis of a 2 m deep sediment core from Padauna Swamp, southeastern Madhya Pradesh infers that between 8600 and 7500 cal yr BP a warm and relatively less-humid climate prevailed with open tree-savannahs dominated by grasses followed by sedges, Artemisia and members of Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae with scanty trees viz., Schrebera, Aegle marmelos and Sterculia urens. This is well supported by lower organic to carbonate carbon ratio, coarser texture having relatively low CIA and magnetic susceptibility values and presence of some primary minerals. Between 7500 and 6250 cal yr BP the tree-savannahs were succeeded by open mixed deciduous forests with the invasion of a few more trees viz., Madhuca indica, Holoptelea, Emblica officinalis, Mitragyna parvifolia and members of Anacardiaceae in response to onset of a warm and humid climate. A considerable rise in organic carbon generated from the degradation of plentiful biomass along with increase in clay content with signs of kaolinite and increase in immobile over mobile elements with slightly higher CIA and magnetic susceptibility values also suggest climatic amelioration. The presence of ruderal plants such as Artemisia, Cannabis sativa and Cheno/Am further infers initiation of human activities in the region. Between 6250 and 2800 cal yr BP, the mixed deciduous forests became more diverse and dense, subduing grasses and other herbaceous elements. Sporadic incursion of Shorea robusta (Sal) in forest floristic was recorded around 5000 cal yr BP. The overall change in the vegetation mosaic reflects that a warm and more-humid climate prevailed in the region, probably on account of invigoration of southwest monsoon. This observation is further corroborated by other proxy data showing a spurt in organic/inorganic carbon ratio, increase in clay content with matured mineralogy, significantly higher CIA and magnetic susceptibility values. Since 2800 cal

determination des parametres influents de la dynamique des forets

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrateur

Chev. Leguminoseae-Mim. LOL. Loloti. Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. Anacardiaceae. LON. Lohonfé. Celtis adolphi-frederici Engl. Ulmaceae. LOT. Lotofa. Sterculia rhinopetala K.Schum. Sterculiaceae. MEL. Mélégba. Berlinia confusa Hoyle.

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets using cross-linked natural gum.

Science.gov (United States)

Jamil, Qurratul Ain; Masood, Muhammad Irfan; Jamil, Muhammad Nauman; Masood, Imran; Iqbal, Shahid Muhammad

2017-03-01

Polysaccharide gums because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-immunogenic properties are considered as the best choice for preparing sustained release tablets as compared to their synthetic counterpart. The cross linking of natural gums in matrix tablets increase the sustained release property of matrix tablets. Isoniazid is a first line therapy of tuberculosis, belongs to BCS I with half-life of 3-4 hours. These characteristics make isoniazid a good candidate for sustained release dosage form. Karaya gum crossed linked with trisodium tri metaphosphate was used as release rate retardant for preparing isoniazid cross-linked matrix tablet. Total 8 sustained release formulations were prepared. Both granules and tablets were evaluated under in vitro condition against different parameters. Dissolution studies were performed with all eight formulations for 12 hours using USP apparatus I. Four formulations designated as F1, F2, F3, F4 have drug and karaya gum while other four formulations F5, F6, F7, F8 have drug and crossed linked polymer in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively. Dissolution data was analyzed by using different kinetic models. Best fit model for most efficient formulation was zero order while release mechanism was super case I. Formulation 8 showed sufficiently slow release kinetics and about 83% of drug was released in 10 hours, indicating that cross-linked karaya gum proved efficient in preparing sustained release tablets.

233 - 238 Musa Kifi

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

2015-12-02

Dec 2, 2015 ... Dry pods of Piliostigma reticulatum were obtained from. Damfamin –Tofa ... stable flame gas cooker for the respective treatment periods that has to do with ..... composition of Horse Eye bean (Mucuna urens) Asian Journal of ...

Distribution and Biosynthesis of Iridoid Glucosides in the Loasaceae Family

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rodriguez-Lopez, Veronica

In order to make a more precise inventory of iridoid glucosides from Loasaceae family 13 species belonging to 7 genera (Eucnide bartonioides, E. grandiflora, Gronovia scandens, Fuertesia domingensis, Loasa parviflora, L. tricolor, L. urens, L. speciosa, Klaphrotia mentzeloides, Cajophora cernua, ...

Het nieuwe telen Gerbera 2009-2011: Onderdeel rapport: Klimaat en techniek in detail

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gelder, de A.; Warmenhoven, M.G.

2011-01-01

Bij het onderzoek van Het Nieuwe Telen Gerbera stond energiebesparing met behoud van productie en kwaliteit centraal. De energiedoelstelling moest gerealiseerd worden door selectiever belichten, meer uren schermen en gebruik van een dubbel scherm en vochtbeheersing met gewasventilatie. De opzet van

Formulation of Sustained-Release Matrix Tablets Using Cross ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

MK and the formulations were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: Tablets with MK showed higher mean dissolution time (MDT) and lower dissolution efficiency than those prepared with karaya gum.

Über die amorphen Stoffe in den Tonen verschiedener Böden

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beutelspacher, H.; Marel, van der H.W.

1961-01-01

In der Feinfraktion des Bodens findet man die amorphen organischen Stoffe, die hauptsächlich aus Huminsäuren bestehen. W. Flaig und H. Beutelspacher (1950, 1951, 1954) konnten zeigen, daB sie im Elektronenmikroskop als kugelförmige Teilchen zu sehen sind.

Formulation of Sustained-Release Diltiazem Matrix Tablets Using ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Formulation of Sustained-Release Diltiazem Matrix Tablets Using Hydrophilic Gum Blends. A Moin, H.G Shivakumar. Abstract. Purpose: To develop sustained release matrix tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) using karaya gum (K) alone or in combination with locust bean gum (LB) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ...

21 CFR 150.161 - Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams. 150.161 Section 150.161 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... karaya, gum tragacanth, algin (sodium alginate), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cellulose gum...

Wieden zonder handwerk : wat mogen we van de onkruidrobot verwachten?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lokhorst, C.; Achten, V.T.J.M.; Bakker, T.; Goense, D.; Vermeulen, G.D.

2003-01-01

IMAG en WUR werken aan de ontwikkeling van een wiedrobot die geschikt is voor de Nederlandse omstandigheden en die het benodigde aantal uren handwieden in de biologische vollegrondsteelten kan helpen verminderen. Inmiddels is een programma van eisen geformuleerd en is onderzoek gestart naar de

eerst apart paart beter

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Emous, van R.A.

2009-01-01

Een praktijkproef van ing. van Emous, onderzoeker bij de divisie Veehouderij van Animal Sciences Group van Wageningen UR in Lelystad, wijst uit dat het goed mogelijk is hennen en hanen overdag enkele uren te scheiden. Dit lijkt het paargedrag te stimuleren en heeft goede uitkomstresultaten.

21 CFR 150.141 - Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Artificially sweetened fruit jelly. 150.141 Section 150.141 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... locust bean gum), guar gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, algin (sodium alginate), sodium...

Determination of relationship between sensory viscosity rating and instrumental flow behaviour of soluble dietary fibers.

Science.gov (United States)

Arora, Simran Kaur; Patel, A A; Kumar, Naveen; Chauhan, O P

2016-04-01

The shear-thinning low, medium and high-viscosity fiber preparations (0.15-1.05 % psyllium husk, 0.07-0.6 % guar gum, 0.15-1.20 % gum tragacanth, 0.1-0.8 % gum karaya, 0.15-1.05 % high-viscosity Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and 0.1-0.7 % xanthan gum) showed that the consistency coefficient (k) was a function of concentration, the relationship being exponential (R(2), 0.87-0.96; P flow behaviour index (n) (except for gum karaya and CMC) was exponentially related to concentration (R(2), 0.61-0.98). The relationship between k and sensory viscosity rating (SVR) was essentially linear in nearly all cases. The SVR could be predicted from the consistency coefficient using the regression equations developed. Also, the relationship of k with fiber concentration would make it possible to identify the concentration of a particular gum required to have desired consistency in terms of SVR.

Afschermen belichte kassen aan grenzen gebonden: eerste resultaten project 'Bovenafscherming bij belichte teelten'

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rijssel, van E.; Oostingh, C.

2005-01-01

Tijdens het belichtingsseizoen van 1 september tot en met 30 april is het onmogelijk het scherm alle belichte uren gesloten te houden. Dat blijkt uit onderzoek op twee rozenbedrijven en een tomatenbedrijf. De gevolgen van luchten boven het scherm, stoken bij gesloten scherm en 'kieren' voor het

Absorption and elimination kinetics of free essential amino acids in pigs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meulen, van der J.; Bakker, J.G.M.; Jager, L.P.

1998-01-01

Die Kinetik von Absorption und Elimination von 6 freien Aminosäuren (Lysin, Methionin, Threonin, Tryptophan, Isoleucin und Cystin) wurde an 4 kastrierten männlichen Schweinen untersucht. Am ersten Tag der dreitätige Versuchsperiode wurde das Basisniveau der jeweiligen Aminosäure bestimmt, am zweiten

21 CFR 133.178 - Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods. 133.178 Section 133.178 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... karaya, gum tragacanth, carob bean gum, gelatin, algin (sodium alginate), propylene glycol alginate, guar...

Conservation biological control in strawberry: effect of different pollen on development, survival, and reproduction of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Gugole Ottaviano, María F; Cédola, Claudia V; Sánchez, Norma E; Greco, Nancy M

2015-12-01

Wild vegetation surrounding crops may provide temporary habitat and potential food sources for phytoseiids in different seasons. Monthly vegetation samples of wild plants adjacent to strawberry plants and wild plants in a vegetation strip close to the crop were taken. The frequency of Neoseiulus californicus, Tetranychus urticae and other mites and insects was recorded. In addition, in a laboratory assay, the survival, developmental time and fecundity of females fed on pollen of strawberry and pollen of wild plants where N. californicus was recorded during their flowering, were estimated. Pollen from Urtica urens, Lamium amplexicaule, Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus oleraceous, Galega officinalis, and Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry) allowed development of N. californicus to adult, but not reproduction. Survival was 70-80 % when fed on pollen from S. oleraceus, G. officinalis and C. arvensis, 80-90 % when fed on pollen from U. urens and F. x ananassa, and more than 90 % when fed on T. urticae and on pollen from L. amplexicaule. In autumn and winter, U. urens, L. amplexicaule and S. oleraceous could promote the persistence of N. californicus when prey density in strawberry is low, offering T. urticae, thrips and pollen. In summer, pollen of C. arvensis and G. officinalis would contribute to the persistence of N. californicus when the strawberry crop is ending and offers scarce food resources. Although the pollen of these plants would not enable the predator population to increase, the presence of these plants in the vicinity of strawberry could contribute to the persistence of N. californicus population and help to limit T. urticae growth when this pest begins to colonize the crop.

African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 10, No 23 (2011)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Control of Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus stem borers by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-δ-endotoxins from Cry1Ab gene Event MON810 in greenhouse containment trials · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. S Mugo, MG Murenga, H Karaya, R Tende, ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Udegbunam, RI. Vol 7, No 2 (2008) - Articles Haematology of dogs infected with canine distemper virus. Abstract PDF · Vol 11, No 1 (2013) - Articles Evaluation of local anaesthetic efficacy of the crude extract of Sterculia tragacantha using West African Dwarf Goats Abstract PDF · Vol 12, No 2 (2014) - Articles Anaesthetic ...

948-IJBCS-Article-Joachim D Gbenou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

Sterculia setigera, Aframomum melegueta et Citrus aurantifolia sont des plantes couramment utilisées en médecine et pharmacopée traditionnelles africaines pour traiter plusieurs affections dont la toux et l'asthme. L'objectif du présent travail est d'évaluer, sur Cavia porcellus (Cochon d'Inde), les propriétés ...

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Sterculia foetida L. (INDIAN ALMOND,. JAVA OLIVE) of Sterculiaceae is a tall deciduous tree reaching a height of 20 m with faintly ridged grey bark. The bole reaches up to 2m in girth. Branches are reddish, usually horizontal. Leaves are large, palmately compound (5–7 leaflets) and clustered at the branch ends. Flowers ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Issue, Title. Vol 10, No 2 (2014), Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae), une espèce multi-usagère de la dépression de la Lama au Togo, Abstract PDF. A Akodewou, S Akpavi, M Dourma, K Batawila, KB Amegnaglo, W Atakpama, K Akpagama. Vol 10, No 1 (2014), Sterculia setigera Del.: influence de quelques ...

Radial variation in fiber length of some lesser used wood species in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Variations in fibre length of ten lesser used wood species were investigated. The mean fibre length varied from 1.07mm in Lannea acida to 2.41mm in Sterculia setigera. Four patterns of within tree radial variations in fibre length were observed in the studied species. In pattern one, fibre length increased from the pith to the ...

A Study of the Drag Characteristics and Polymer Diffusion in the Boundary Layer of an Axisymmetric Body

Science.gov (United States)

1976-03-12

Reduction in Pipe Flow at R =14xl03 (from Hoyt (1972)) Guar Gum Karaya Polyox WSR 301 400 850 10 Polyacrylamide, Polyhall-250 20 21 ■.I...shown to be effec- tive drag reducers. Polysaccharides ( Guar ), polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamides, and sodium carboxymethyl...sifting the premeasured polyox powder onto the surface of the carefully weighed water which was being slowly stirred by a magnetic mixing bar. After a

Einfluss von Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles auf die bakterielle Replikation in Makrophagen

OpenAIRE

Jung, Anna Lena; Schmeck, Bernd (Prof. Dr.)

2016-01-01

Gramnegative Bakterien treten über die Sekretion verschiedenster Moleküle mit ihrer Umwelt in Kontakt. Die Freisetzung von Proteinen und Nukleinsäuren kann aber nicht nur über die bakteriellen Sekretionssysteme vermittelt werden, sondern auch über outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) erfolgen. Diese kleinen, sphäroiden Membranvesikel werden von allen gramnegativen Bakterien gebildet und können über weite Entfernung wirken, da die zu tra...

XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer

Science.gov (United States)

2007-10-01

payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “ advertise - ment” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this...Ambrosini, G.,  Adida , C., and Altieri, D.C. 1997.  A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in  cancer and lymphoma. Nat. Med. 3:917–921.   12. Uren

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM MATRIX TABLETS WITH NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

OpenAIRE

R. L. C. Sasidhar et al.

2012-01-01

The objective of the study was to formulate controlled release matrix tablets of losartan Potassium by using a combination of hydrophilic synthetic polymer like poly (ethylene oxides) and natural gums like xanthan gum, karaya gum and guar gum. A combination of synthetic hydrophobic polymers like methacrylates with synthetic hydrophilic polymer like poly (ethylene oxide) was also used in the preparation of matrix tablets and evaluated for their influence on controlled drug release. The matrix ...

The Cāṇḍālī as Śakti

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aktor, Mikael

2016-01-01

Tantriske tekster benævner ofte Gudinden, Śakti, som en lavkastekvinde, en Cāṇḍālī eller Ḍombī. I disse sammenhænge kan logikken vedrørende urørlighed være vendt på hovedet: Kvinden er urørlig for at beskytte hende mod mænds urene begær, ikke for at beskytte mændenes renhed. Ikke desto mindre er ...

Von Donuts und Zucker: Mit Neutronen biologische Makromoleküle erforschen

Science.gov (United States)

May, Roland P.

2003-05-01

Für die Erforschung von Biomolekülen bieten Neutronen einzigartige Eigenschaften. Vor allem ihre unterschiedliche Wechselwirkung mit dem natürlichen Wasserstoff und seinem schweren Isotop Deuterium ermöglicht tiefe Einblicke in Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik von Proteinen, Nukleinsäuren und Biomembranen. Bei vielen Fragestellungen zur Strukturaufklärung gibt es kaum oder keine Alternative zum Neutron. Das Institut Laue-Langevin trägt Bahnbrechendes zum Erfolg der Neutronen-Methoden in der Biologie bei.

Natural gum as mucoadhesive controlled release carriers: evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil by D-optimal design technique.

Science.gov (United States)

Patil, Satish H; Talele, Gokul S

2014-03-01

The present study deals with the development of mucoadhesive controlled release tablets of Cefpodoxime Proxetil to increase the gastric residence time and thus prolong drug release, reduce dosing frequency and improve oral bioavailability. Tablets were prepared using sodium alginate and karaya gum, a natural polymer, with a synthetic polymer hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (K100LV) and Karaya gum with HPMC K100LV in various ratios to optimize the drug release profile using D-Optimal technique. Pre- and post-compression parameters of tablets prepared with various formulations (S1-S9, C1-C9) were evaluated. The FTIR and DSC studies revealed that no physiochemical interaction between excipients and drug. The formulation S7 showed prolonged drug release, and the mechanism of drug release from the optimized formulation was confirmed using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model to be non-Fickian release transport and n value was found 0.605 indicating both diffusion and erosion mechanism from these natural gums. The optimized formulation showed mucoadhesive strength >35 g. An in vivo study was performed on rabbits using an X-ray imaging technique. The radiological evidence suggests that the tablets adheres (more than 10 hours) to a rabbit's stomach. No significant changes were found in the physical appearance, drug content, mucoadhesive study and in vitro dissolution pattern after storage at 40 °C/75% relative humidity for 3 months.

Reduced Solubility of Polymer-Oriented Water for Sodium Salts, Sugars, Amino Acids, and other Solutes Normally Maintained at Low Levels in Living Cells,

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

following were obtained: gum arabic (64C-0252; gum ghatti (42C-2380; gum guar (32C1930); gum Karaya (103C-0720); gum locust bean (42C-2900); gum ...plotted against time of incubation. In the efflux method, usually the dry polymer powder was dissolved 22 + 35 in water containing the radioactive label...tragacanth (74C-0207); and gum xantham (888-0200); corn starch (6813-0216); potato starch (65B-2060); pectin (107B-0090); alginic acid (766-818); also

BKSTS illustrated dictionary of moving image technology

CERN Document Server

Uren, Martin

2013-01-01

The fourth edition of the BKSTS dictionary provides clear and concise explanations of the terminology and acronyms encountered in the broadcasting and moving image industries.Convergence of these industries means that those practising within them are increasingly faced with unfamiliar terminology. Martin Uren has reflected this change in his extended choice of industry terms, acronyms and colloquialisms. He provides:- Over 3300 definitions covering film, television, sound and multimedia technologies, together with technical terms from the computing, networks and telecommunications industries.-

Feeding value of processed horse eye bean ( Mucuna urens ) meal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study was designed to evaluate the performance of pullet chicks fed graded levels of processed horse eye bean meal (HEBM) as partial replacement for soybean meal. The cracked beans were subjected to three processing methods viz: soaking in plain water for 48 hours, cooking for 90 minutes, and toasting on open ...

Urtica urens L., Urtica membranacea Poiret et Urtica pilulifera L.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 mars 2015 ... Methods and results: The crude and fractionated extracts of the ... screening, flavonoids and total phenolic dosing and antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria, ..... phytochimique de Caesalpinia benthamiana.

Controlled-release tablet formulation of isoniazid.

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, N K; Kulkarni, K; Talwar, N

1992-04-01

Guar (GG) and Karaya gums (KG) alone and in combination with hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were evaluated as release retarding materials to formulate a controlled-release tablet dosage form of isoniazid (1). In vitro release of 1 from tablets followed non-Fickian release profile with rapid initial release. Urinary excretion studies in normal subjects showed steady-state levels of 1 for 13 h. In vitro and in vivo data correlated (r = 0.9794). The studies suggested the potentiality of GG and KG as release retarding materials in formulating controlled-release tablet dosage forms of 1.

Emulsifying property of a viscous exopolysaccharide fromSphingomonas paucimobilis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashtaputre, A A; Shah, A K

1995-03-01

A viscous exopolysaccharide fromSphingomonas paucimobilis-GS1, emulsified xylene, benzene, 2-methylnaphthalene, hexadecane, hexane, kerosene and paraffin oil as well as castor, coconut and olive oils when used at 1 mg/ml. It stabilized the emulsions more efficiently than commercial gums such as arabic, tragacanth, karaya and xanthan. Emulsions were stable for 6 months, from 4 to 40°C and pH 4 to 10 and in the presence of NaCl up to 50 g/l. The polysaccharide had no discernible toxicity towards mice when tested using World Health Organization guidelines.

anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of sterculia tragacantha ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Rita

2013-02-06

Feb 6, 2013 ... chronic inflammation (Walsh and Pearson, 2001). Acute inflammation is rapid in onset and of short duration (Lee and Jeong, 2002; Iwalewa et al., 2007). Its cardinal signs of heat, hyperemia, edema and pain are brought about by cutaneous vasodilation, fluid exudation and neutrophil migration into the ...

Fermentation of mucin and plant polysaccharides by strains of Bacteroides from the human colon.

Science.gov (United States)

Salyers, A A; Vercellotti, J R; West, S E; Wilkins, T D

1977-01-01

Ten Bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucins and plant polysaccharides ("dietary fiber"). A number of strains fermented mucopolysaccharides (heparin, hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate) and ovomucoid. Only 3 of the 188 strains tested fermented beef submaxillary mucin, and none fermented porcine gastric mucin. Many of the Bacteroides strains tested were also able to ferment a variety of plant polysaccharides, including amylose, dextran, pectin, gum tragacanth, gum guar, larch arabinogalactan, alginate, and laminarin. Some plant polysaccharides such as gum arabic, gum karaya, gum ghatti and fucoidan, were not utilized by any of the strains tested. The ability to utilize mucins and plant polysaccharides varied considerably among the Bacteroides species tested. PMID:848954

State of the Art: Saliva-Hormonanalyse // State of the art: Saliva analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Obermayer-Pietsch B

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Saliva analyses are widely used for hormone measurements, but also for drug and therapy monitoring, periodontal inflammation and human, viral or microbial nucleic acid (DNA detection. In this review, we focus on preanalytics, and measurement techniques. Clinical applications of steroid hormone analyses are presented with regard to practical use. p bKurzfassung: /bSpeichelanalysen können Hormone, aber auch Drogen- und Medikamenten-Monitoring, parodontale Entzündungsparameter und humane, virale oder mikrobielle Nukleinsäuren (DNA umfassen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird auf Präanalytik, Nachweis-Techniken und Beispiele u.a. aus der Steroidanalyse eingegangen, die derzeit am weitesten entwickelt ist und vielerorts bereits Eingang in die medizinische Routine findet.

Photochemical and other pollution in the province of Zuid-Holland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spierings, F.H.F.G.

1974-01-01

At fourteen different places in the industrial area west of Rotterdam, indicator plants for air pollution were cultivated. The plants were grown in troughs; for HF: freesia and gladiolus, for ozone: tobacco Bell W3, and for PAN: petunia and Urtica urens. The characteristic symptoms were observed several times at different localities. At six places regularly distributed over the same area, two small perspex greenhouses were set up side by side, one provided with an activated carbon filter to clean the air from pollutants before entering the greenhouse, the other receiving the non-filtered air. In order to make conclusions about the effects of air pollution on growth and fruiting, the climatic conditions in both greenhouses will be made completely comparable for long term experiments.

USO DE PLANTAS EM PÓ SECO COM PROPRIEDADES TERMITICIDA SOBRE A MORTALIDADE DE CUPINS ARBÓREOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chistopher Stallone Cruz

2012-09-01

Full Text Available 1024x768 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Os térmitas são insetos de grande importância ecológica, com mais de 2.750 espécies catalogadas em todo o mundo. Pequeno número de espécies são conhecidos por provocarem grandes danos econômicos ao homem, sendo considerado como praga urbana ou agrícola, são destruidores de madeira seca, pastagens e outros materiais composto de celulose. A vasta gama de uso indiscriminado de produtos químicos contra o controle deste inseto vem trazendo ao longo do tempo resultados negativos, por apresentarem sérios riscos a saúde humana e dar surgimento a cupins com resistência. Avaliou-se nove espécies vegetais que possivelmente apresentem poder cupinicida em substituição aos tratamentos convencionais, de modo a preservar o meio ambiente. Foram avaliados os seguintes vegetais: caule e folha de Aspidosperma pyrifolium, raiz de Mimosa tenuiflora, raiz de Cnidoscolus urens, gema apical de Syzygium aromaticum, semente de Azadirachta indica, fruto de Piper nigrum, folhas de Eucalyptus sp., raiz de Zingiber officinale e fruto de Punica granatum. Foram coletados 550 espécimes de cupins, 275 operários e 275 soldados, logo em seguida foram distribuídos 10 indivíduos dentro de um cativeiro de polipropileno com capacidade de 250mL, juntamente com 3g do pó seco, 5g de fragmentos de cupinzeiro macerado, verificando a viabilidade dos pós secos durante 5 dias consecutivos, sendo realizado uma leitura de mortalidade a cada 24 horas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e os dados foram avaliados pelos testes Student e Henderson & Tilton. Verificou-se que a utilização dos pós vegetais é  alternativa eficaz e barata no controle de Nasutitermes sp., destacando-se como mais letais folhas e galhos de A. indica,Eucalyptus sp., S. aromaticum, Z. officinale, C. urens e P. nigrum.

Hydrocolloid-Stabilized Magnetite for Efficient Removal of Radioactive Phosphates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinod Vellora Thekkae Padil

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Liquid radioactive waste is a common by-product when using radioactive isotopes in research and medicine. Efficient remediation of such liquid waste is crucial for increasing safety during the necessary storage of the material. Herein, we present a novel Gum Karaya stabilized magnetite for the efficient removal of radioactive phosphorus 32P from liquid radioactive waste. This environmentally friendly material is well suited to be used as a nanohydrogel for the removal of liquid waste, which can then be stored in a smaller space and without the risk of the spills inherent to the initial liquid material. The maximum adsorption capacity of the GK/M in this study was found to be 15.68 GBq/g. We present a thorough morphological characterization of the synthesised GK/M, as well as a discussion of the possible phosphorus adsorption mechanisms.

Identification of gamma-irradiated Chinese herbs by thermoluminescence analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu Bai; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; Jilin Medical College, Jilin; WenYue Jiang; Zhongying Liu; He Lin; Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun; Zhiqiang Liu

2014-01-01

The feasibility of thermoluminescence (TL) to differentiate irradiated Chinese medicinal herbs from non-irradiated was investigated. Thirty different dried Chinese herbs were tested, including root, flower, ramulus, rhizome, cortex, and whole plant samples. Irradiation of Chinese herbs was associated with strong TL peaks at ∼150-250 deg C, while TL curves of non-irradiated herbs had very low intensities above 250 deg C, which was also confirmed by the TL ratio (non-irradiated, TL 1 /TL 2 1 /TL 2 > 0.1) except for sterculia lychnophora, semen cassia, flos inulae, and anemone root. TL ratios of some herbs indicated irradiation (TL 1 /TL 2 > 0.1) even if the irradiated components were as low as 0.1 %. Thus we demonstrated that TL analysis had excellent sensitivity and reliability for the identification of irradiated Chinese herbs. (author)

Sobrevivência de espécies arbóreas plantadas em clareiras causadas pela colheita de madeira em uma floresta de terra firme no município de Paragominas na Amazônia brasileira Survival of seedlings planted in gaps after harvesting in a terra firme rain forest in Paragominas region in the Brazilian Amazonia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaqueline Macêdo Gomes

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Analisou-se a sobrevivência de mudas plantadas em 400 clareiras causadas por exploração florestal de impacto reduzido, em floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Oriental. Foram plantadas 3.818 mudas de 17 espécies, das quais apenas Schizolobium amazonicum não ocorre na área de estudo. A distância entre as mudas plantadas foi de aproximadamente 5m. As avaliações ocorreram em 2005 e 2006. Com base na sobrevivência das mudas aos 11 meses após o plantio, as espécies indicadas para o enriquecimento de clareiras são: Schizolobium amazonicum, Cedrela odorata, Jacaranda copaia, Manilkara huberi, Astronium gracile, Pouteria bilocularis, Tabebuia impetiginosa,Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens, Cordia goeldiana, Parkia gigantocarpa, Simarouba amara, Sterculia pilosa, Laetia procera, Dinizia excelsa e Schefflera morototoni. Estudos sobre a taxa de crescimento, em períodos mais longos, são necessários para confirmar a utilização dessas espécies em plantios de enriquecimento de clareiras oriundas de exploração florestal, como alternativa para aumentar a produtividade e o valor econômico das florestas naturais manejadas na Amazônia brasileira.Survival of seedlings planted in 400 gaps created by reduced impact logging in a terra firme forest in the Eastern Amazonia was evaluated. 3,818 seedlings from 17 species occurring in the study area, except for Schizolobium amazonicum (paricá, which is rare in natural forests of Paragominas region, were planted in the gaps. Spacing of planted seedlings was 5m. According to survival of seedlings during 11 months after planting, the species Schizolobium amazonicum, Cedrela odorata, Jacaranda copaia, Manilkara huberi, Astronium gracile, Pouteria bilocularis, Tabebuia impetiginosa,Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens, Cordia goeldiana, Parkia gigantocarpa, Simarouba amara, Sterculia pilosa, Laetia procera, Dinizia excelsa and Schefflera morototoni can be suggested for enriching in gaps created by reduced impact logging

Physicochemical and functional parameters of Cochlospermum vitifolium (bototo gum exudate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maritza Coromoto Martínez

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The physicochemical parameters of Cochlospermum vitifolium they were evaluated and were linked to certain functional properties of industrial interest. The physicochemical parameters were determined by the classic methodology used for carbohydrates and the functional properties, as reported in the literature. The results obtained showed that the gum object of this study is low soluble in water, which corresponds with relatively high values of swelling indexes and water absorption capacity. Also, the intrinsic viscosity of the C. vitifolium exudate was related to a high molar mass, in the order of 106. Its emulsifying capacity is high, which is attributed to hydrophobic groups present in its structure. The gum gels at a minimum concentration, similar to that of the gum karaya (4.5%, but the gel that forms agglomerates, it is not uniform. The C. vitifolium gum exhibits important physicochemical and functional parameters which could serve as a criterion for testing its use in various industries.

Influence of Sugars, Modified Starches and Hydrocolloids Addition on Colour and Thermal Properties of Raspberry Cream Fillings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pichler Anita

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the influence of the addition of sugars (sucrose, fructose and trehalose, modified starches (tapioca or waxy maize starch and hydrocolloids (karaya or guar gum on colour and thermal properties of raspberry cream fillings. In addition, the influence of the above-mentioned additives on the colour and thermal properties of raspberry cream fillings stored at room temperature over a period of 8 and 16 months was investigated. Results showed that the highest anthocyanin content and total phenolic content were detected in raspberry cream filling prepared with sucrose and trehalose in combination with guar gum. During storage, after 8 and 16 months at room temperature, anthocyanin content and total phenolic content decreased. Results also showed that the kind of sugar and added modified starches or hydrocolloids influenced the thermal properties of cream fillings. During storage, a decrease was observed in both freezing temperature as well as enthalpy of cream fillings.

Fermentation of polysaccharides by Klebsiella and other facultative bacilli

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ochuba, G.U.; Von Riesen, V.L.

1980-05-01

Fermentations of 10 polysaccharides by species of the family Enterobacteriaceae were examined. Algin, guar, karaya, xanthan, and xylan were not fermented by any of the strains tested. Most of the activity was found in the tribe Klebsielleae. Klebseilla oxytoca fermented amylopectin (97% of the strains studied), carrageenan (100%), inulin (68%), polypectate (100%), and tragacanth (100%). Klebsiella pneumoniae fermented amylopectin (91%), carrageenan (100%), and tragacanth (86%). Carraggeenan was also fermented by Enterobacter aerogenes (100%), Enterobacter agglomerans (63%), Enterobacter cloacae (95%), and pectobacterium (38%). pectobacterium shared polypectate fermentation (100%) with K. oxytoca. With one exception, Serratia strains were negative on all polysaccharides. These results, along with other evidence, indicate that (i) the genus Klebsiella is biochemically the most versatile genus of the tribe, (ii) because of its distinct characteristics, K. oxytoca warrants species designation separate from K. pneumoniae, and (iii) some food additives generally considered indigestible can be metabolized by a few species of facultative bacilli, whereas others appear to be resistant.

Fermentation of polysaccharides by Klebsielleae and other facultative bacilli.

Science.gov (United States)

Ochuba, G U; von Riesen, V L

1980-01-01

Fermentations of 10 polysaccharides by species of the family Enterobacteriaceae were examined. Algin, guar, karaya, xanthan, and xylan were not fermented by any of the strains tested. Most of the activity was found in the tribe Klebsielleae. Klebsiella oxytoca fermented amylopectin (97% of the strains studied), carrageenan (100%), inulin (68%), polypectate (100%), and tragacanth (100%). Klebsiella pneumoniae fermented amylopectin (91%), carrageenan (100%), and tragacanth (86%). Carrageenan was also fermented by Enterobacter aerogenes (100%), Enterobacter agglomerans (63%), Enterobacter cloacae (95%), and Pectobacterium (38%). Pectobacterium shared polypectate fermentation (100%) with K. oxytoca. With one exception, Serratia strains were negative on all polysaccharides. These results, along with other evidence, indicate that (i) the genus Klebsiella is biochemically the most versatile genus of the tribe, (ii) because of its distinct characteristics, K. oxytoca warrants species designation separate from K. pneumoniae, and (iii) some food additives generally considered indigestible can be metabolized by a few species of facultative bacilli, whereas others appear to be resistant. PMID:7396489

Gum karaya based hydrogel nanocomposites for the effective removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mittala, H

2016-02-01

Full Text Available after nanocomposite formation with SiC NPs. The HNC was employed for the removal of cationic dyes, i.e., malachite green (MG) and rhodamine B (RhB) from the aqueous solution. The HNC was found to remove 91% (MG) and 86% (RhB) of dyes with a polymer dose...

Nutritional and antioxidant properties of wild edible plants and their use as potential ingredients in the modern diet.

Science.gov (United States)

Romojaro, Ana; Botella, Ma Ángeles; Obón, Concepción; Pretel, Ma Teresa

2013-12-01

Thirteen species of wild edible plants belonging to 11 botanical families consumed in the traditional Mediterranean diet were evaluated. Sanguisorba minor, Quercus ballota and Sedum sediforme showed the highest hydrophilic total antioxidant activity (H-TAA) and total phenols. Asparagus acutifolius, Allium ampeloprasum, Foeniculum vulgare and Malva sylvestris presented high levels of potassium, Malva and Asparagus are interesting due to their zinc content, and Urtica urens contains a high content of calcium. Sensory analysis indicated that fruits from Q. ballota could be considered very sweet and plants of Crithmum maritimum and Oxalis pes-caprae are very acidic. Moreover, testers highlighted the salty taste of C. maritimum. Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum and Mesembryanthemum cristalinum, the spicy taste of A. ampeloprasum, and the aroma of F. vulgare. Our results indicate that increased consumption of the investigated plant species could provide health benefits. Moreover, due to their sensorial properties, they could be used as new ingredients to improve the diversity in modern diet and highly creative cuisine.

Comparative assessment of the clinical and X-ray picture of urenic osteodystrophy before and after parathyroidectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ratobyl'skij, G.V.; Suslov, V.P.; Ivanov, I.A.; Loseva, T.V.

1992-01-01

The results of clinical, X-ray, and biochemical studies carried out in 51 patients with uremic osterodystrophy, treated with hemodialysis, before and after parathyroidectomy are presented. The patients were divided into 4 groups with various patterns of X-ray symptoms. Analysis of the clinical and X-ray data before and after parathyroidectomy has brought to a conclusion that such an intervention was effective only in cases with manifest clinical and X-ray symptoms of fibrous osteodystrophy. Surgical treatment is containdicated to patients in whom X-ray signs of osteomalacia predominate over fibrous osteodystrophy; it may result in a rap[id progress of osteomalacia

QbD based synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide grafted corn fibre gum.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Akashdeep; Mangla, Bhumika; Sethi, Sheshank; Kamboj, Sunil; Sharma, Radhika; Rana, Vikas

2017-01-20

The aim of present investigation was to utilize quality by design approach for the synthesis of polyacrylamide corn fibre gum (PAAm-g-CFG) from corn fibre gum (CFG) by varying concentration of acrylamide and initiator. The spectral analysis (ATR-FTIR, 1 H NMR, DSC, X-ray and Mass spectroscopy) was conducted to assure grafting copolymerization of CFG with acrylamide. The powder flow properties confirm the porous nature of PAAm-g-CFG. The grafted copolymer dispersion showed shear thinning behaviour that follows Herschel Bulkley model. The viscoelastic analysis suggested viscous liquid like nature of PAAm-g-CFG and its viscosity increases with increase in concentration of PAAm-g-CFG. The mucoadhesive strength of synthesized PAAm-g-CFG was found to be higher than moringa oleifera gum, karaya gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan and gelatin. Further, the results pointed toward enhanced thermal stability of PAAm-g-CFG. Thus, PAAm-g-CFG has a great potential to be used in food and pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Feasibility studies of radiation sterilization of some pharmaceutical products

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gopal, N.G.S.; Rajagopalan, S.; Sharma, G.

1975-01-01

The paper deals with some studies carried out to evaluate the feasibility of radiation sterilization or treatment of some medical products and pharmaceuticals of immediate importance to their respective industries. The products include penicillin G sodium, ampicillin sodium, tetracyclin hydrochloride ointment,hydrocortisone acetate and its ointment, aqueous sodium chloride solutions (0.9 and 20%), fluorescein sodium strips, urea, ethylmorphine hydrochloride, aqueous solution of chlorobutanol and one of its commercial preparations, phenylmercuric nitrate and its aqueous solutions, aqueous solutions of methyl and propyl paraben, lactose, gum karaya, absorbent cotton and poly-(vinyl chloride) based medical products. The irradiated products have been examined for pharmacopoeial specifications wherever available. In general the products have been examined for changes in colour, pH, ultra-violet and infra-red absorption spectra. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses have been carried out to establish the purity of some of the irradiated products. The feasibility or otherwise of radiation sterilization or treatment of the various products from the physicochemical and microbiological (pharmacological) clinical considerations is also described. (author)

Herbs containing L- Dopa: An update.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramya, Kuber B; Thaakur, Santhrani

2007-07-01

L-Dopa is the drug of choice in the treatment of Parkinson's disease but it has dose related adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, end of dose deterioration, on off phenomena and on chronic therapy motor complications synonymous to parkinsonism. Mucuna pruriens (M.P) commonly known as velvet beans or cowitch are used in case of spasms associated with Parkins onism. Clinical efficacy of seeds of this plant was confirmed and the efficacy was contributed to its L-Dopa content. M.P extract showed twice the antiparkinsonism activity compared with synthetic L-Dopa. There is sufficient L-Dopa in broad bean (Vicia faba) pods. One study proved its efficacy in Parkinsonism. Ginkgo biloba extract showed protective effect in vivo and invitro. 50% ethanolic extract of Plumbago zeylanica was effective in rats. The following plants were reported to have L-Dopa but their protective effect is yet to be established in animal models. Vigna aconitifolia, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna vexillata, Prosopis chilensis, Pileostigma malabarica, Phanera vahlis, Parkinsonia acculeata, Macuna urens, Canvavalia glandiata, Cassia floribanda, Casia hirsute and Dalbergia retusa etc.

Prédiction de la qualité fourragère des feuilles de Sterculia setigera ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

27 févr. 2013 ... trimming or pruning. Keywords: nutrition, SPIR, S. setigera, agropastoral, Senegal. INTRODUCTION. Les fourrages ligneux sont des matériaux complexes chimiques ... Cependant, le traitement de l'échantillon séchage, broyage) et la ... obtenue par calcination de la matière sèche à 550 °C. Les matières ...

[Analysis of thickening polysaccharides by the improved diethyldithioacetal derivatization method].

Science.gov (United States)

Akiyama, Takumi; Yamazaki, Takeshi; Tanamoto, Kenichi

2011-01-01

The identification test for thickening polysaccharides containing neutral saccharides and uronic acids was investigated by GC analysis of constituent monosaccharides. The reported method, in which monosaccharides were converted to diethyldithioacetal derivatives with ethanethiol followed by trimethylsilylation, was improved in terms of operability and reproducibility of GC/MS analysis. The suitability of the improved diethyldithioacetal derivatization method was determined for seven thickening polysaccharides, i.e., carob bean gum, guar gum, karaya gum, gum arabic, gum ghatti, tragacanth gum and peach gum. The samples were acid-hydrolyzed to form monosaccharides. The hydrolysates were derivatized and analyzed with GC/FID. Each sugar derivative was detected as a single peak and was well separated from others on the chromatograms. The amounts of constituent monosaccharides in thickening polysaccharides were successfully estimated. Seven polysaccharides were distinguished from each other on the basis of constituent monosaccharides. Further examination of the time period of hydrolysis of polysaccharides using peach gum showed that the optimal times were not the same for all monosaccharides. A longer time was needed to hydrolyze glucuronic acid than neutral saccharides. The findings suggest that hydrolysis time may sometimes affect the analytical results on composition of constituent monosaccharides in polysaccharides.

Characterization of swiftlet edible bird nest, a mucin glycoprotein, and its adulterants by Raman microspectroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Shim, Eric K S; Chandra, Gleen F; Pedireddy, S; Lee, Soo-Y

2016-09-01

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is made from the glutinous salivary secretion of highly concentrated mucin glycoprotein by swiftlets (genus Aerodramus or Collocalia ) native to the Indo-Pacific region. The unique Raman spectrum of EBN has vibrational lines that can be assigned to peptides and saccharides in the glycoprotein, and it can be used to screen for adulteration. The common edible adulterants classified into two types. Type I adulterants, such as fish bladder, pork skin, karaya gum, coralline seaweed, agar strips, and tremella fungus, were solids which adhered externally on the surface of the EBN cement. They can usually be detected with a microscope based on differences in the surface structure. Type II adulterants were water soluble substances such as saccharides (e.g., glucose, sucrose), polypeptides (e.g., hydrolyzed collagen) and salts (e.g. monosodium glutamate) which can be readily soaked up by the EBN hydrogel when moist and adsorbed internally in the EBN cement matrix forming a composite upon drying, making them difficult to detect visually. The present study showed that Raman microspectroscopy offers a rapid, non-invasive, and label free technique to detect both Type I and II adulterants in EBN.

Strategies of two tropical woody species to tolerate salt stress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Melo Lustosa

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the leaf primary metabolism in two woody species, Sterculia foetida and Bombacopsis glabra. Both species have seeds rich in oil and they are largely found in regions with irregularities in water availability. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse from seeds. At 140 days after emergence, 50% of the plants were subjected to salt stress for 23 days, daily receiving 100 mM of NaCl solution. In both species, leaf stomata conductance and water potential decreased quickly under salt stress. The two species showed different strategies in photosynthetic pigment concentration and components of nitrogen metabolism. S. foetida kept the pigment concentration unchanged after 23 days of stress, while B. glabra increased concentration of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. S. foetida showed a high leaf concentration of K+ in stressed plants and a Na+/K+ ratio without differences when compared to control. Thus, S. foetida presented a better ionic balance, while B. glabra invested in photoprotection. Therefore, both species present potential to be planted in Brazilian Northeast, where water deficit and salt stress are challenging for annual crops.

Photochemical and other air pollutions in the Netherlands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Floor, H.

1975-01-01

Together with the State Institute of Public Health and the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, the Institute of Phytopathological Research continued investigations on incidence of air pollution in the country. The main purpose is to measure the effects of air pollution on indicator plants and to detect over the years which components separately or perhaps together damage indicator plants. In 1974, the network of experimental fields in the Netherlands was completed. From April until October, 29 fields were inspected weekly for typical symptoms of air pollution. Just as in the preceding year O3 caused most injury of the photochemical air pollutants, as shown by Spinacia oleracea and Nicotiana tabacum. Other photochemical air pollutants like PAN, and the pollutants SO2, NO/sub x/ and ethylene caused little injury to the indicator plants Urtica urens, Poa annua, Medicago sativa, Petunia nyctaginiflora and Solanum tuberosum. Symptoms of damage on Tulipa gesneriana, Gladiolus gandavensis and Freesia refracta indicated air pollution by HF in all experimental fields, but especially in the south of the country. The F determination in the air by means of the limed paper method established the results with the indicator plants.

Fatty acid composition and physicochemical characteristics of Tartar (Sterculia Stigera) oil as Affected by the extraction method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eljack, M.; Babiker, E. E.; El Tinay, A. H.

2004-01-01

Fatty acid content and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from Tartar seeds, using two extraction methods, were studied. The results revealed that saturated fatty acid content varied from 0.2% to 33.4%, while unsaturated fatty acid content varied from 0.1% to 24.2%, with no significant difference between the extraction methods. Sterols content varied from 0.3% to 66.0%. Cyclopropenoid fatty acids ranged from 3.4% to 5.3% but were significantly reduced after refining. Glycerides content varied with maximum values of 78.03%, 4.58% and 2.82% for tri-, di-, and mono-glycerides, respectively. Physicochemical investigation of the oil showed that the colour, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value, relative viscosity, iodine value, and unsaponifiable matter were similar for both methods of extraction with minor exceptions.(Author)

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterisation of plant gums in samples from painted works of art.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonaduce, Ilaria; Brecoulaki, Hariclia; Colombini, Maria Perla; Lluveras, Anna; Restivo, Vincenzo; Ribechini, Erika

2007-12-21

This paper presents an analytical GC-MS procedure to study the chemical composition of plant gums, determining aldoses and uronic acids in one step. The procedure is based on the silylation of aldoses and uronic acids, released from plant gums by microwave assisted hydrolysis, and previously converted into the corresponding diethyl-dithioacetals and diethyl-dithioacetal lactones. Using this method only one peak for each compound is obtained, thus providing simple and highly reproducible chromatograms. The analytical procedure was optimised using reference samples of raw plant gums (arabic, karaya, ghatti, guar, locust bean and tragacanth, cherry, plum and peach gums), commercial watercolours and paint layers prepared according to ancient recipes at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure of Florence (Italy). To identify gum media in samples of unknown composition, a decisional schema for the gum identification and the principal component analysis of the relative sugar percentage contents were employed. The procedure was used to study samples collected from wall paintings from Macedonian tombs (4th-3rd centuries bc) and from the Mycenaean "Palace of Nestor" (13th century bc) in Pylos, Greece. The presence of carbohydrates was ascertained and plant gum binders (fruit and a mixture of tragacanth and fruit tree gums) were identified in some of the samples.

THE POTENTIAL OF VEGETATION SPECIES DIVERSITY FOR ECOTOROURISM DEVELOPMENT AT NATURE RESERVE OF PANJALU LAKE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Encep Rahman

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The Nature Reserve of Panjalu Lake is one of the oldest conservation area in Indonesia. As a conservation area, Panjalu Lake has different species of flora that are useful as germplasm conservation, science and education. This study aims to know the potential of vegetation species diversity for ecotourism development at Nature Reserve of Panjalu Lake. The inventory method used is line plot sampling with intensity 15 % in two paths of 500 m (adjusted according length of the area and 20 m width. Spacing between lines is 200 m and spacing between observation plot is 100 m. Within each path, 50 m x 20 m observation plots were established. The results showed that there are three species of seedlings with highest IVI, namely: Dysoxylum densiflorum Miq. (47.64 %, Calamus zollingerii (47.64 %, and Sterculia macrophylla Vent. (44.37 %. The four species at sapling stage with highest IVI are: Litsea cassiaefolia (114.29 %; Dysoxylum densiflorum Miq (57.14 %; Litsea sp. and Endiandra rubescens Miq (14.29 %. Three species at pole stage with highest IVI, namely: Dysoxylum densiflorum Miq. (143.04%; Litsea cassiaefolia (99.78 % and Artocarpus elasticus Reinw 9.53 %. Three species at tree stage with highest IVI, namely: Dysoxylum densiflorum Miq (147.924 %, Litsea cassiaefolia (68.753 %, and Eugenia fastigiata Miq ( 31.410 %.

Determination of the elemental composition of some lesser-used Ghanaian wood species by neutron activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyarko, B.J.B.; Serfor-Armah, Y.; Adomako, D.; Andam, A.A.B.; Addison, E.C.K.; Ofori, J.; Cobbinah, J.R.

2003-01-01

Wood plays an undisputed socio-economic role in human endeavour. The elemental composition of wood can give an indication of the environmental pollution of the locality from which the wood sample was extracted as timber, and can influence the machining characteristics of timber. Additionally, the elemental composition can be used as an index of the nutrient uptake of plants from the soil. With the over-exploitation of timber species in Ghana, it is now imperative that lesser-used species are studied to know their characteristics for utilization. We report preliminary results of a study on the elemental composition of some lesser-used Ghanaian wood species. Ten Ghana wood species had been studied, namely: Strombosia glauscens, Lophira alata, Cynometra anata, Combretodendron macrocarpum, Sterculia rhinopetala, Celtis milbraedii, Celtis zenteri, Nesogoadonia papaverifa, Nauclea diderrichii, and Piptadeniastrum afrieana. Neutron activation analysis was carried out for this work, using the Ghana Research Reactor, (GHARRI) facility, operating between 3-15kw and at a thermal neutron flux of 1-5 x 10 15 ns -1 cm 2 . A total of twenty-five elements were identified, some at high level, others at trace levels. We discuss the implications of these results for the efficient utilization of lesser-used Ghana wood species (author)

The Prevalance of Herbal Product Use as a Alternative Medicine Among Cancer Patients in Turkey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nilufer Avci

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Aim: We investigated the prevalance of herbal product use in cancer patients who were followed up and treated at our center. Material and Method: A total of 271 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients asked to complete a questionnaire form and the stage of the patients and the treatment given were recorded following the delivery of the questionnaire form by the investigator. Results: Herbal products were used by 97 (35.7% of 271 patients who completed the questionaire. The most common herbal products used alone or in combination were urtica urens, ginger, bee pollen, green tea. The highest use rate was observed in patients between the age of 40 and 49 (54%, p=0.099. The rate also was found to increase in in paralel to the increased level of income i.e 32% in patients with a lower income level, 35% patients with a moderate income level, and 44% in patients with a high income level (p=0.386. As the education level increased, the rate of use of herbal products also increased (p=0.023. Discussion: The use of herbal products is rather prevalent among cancer patients. There is a need to increase the awareness of the physicians regarding herbal products and educate the population as a whole.

Efficient removal of rhodamine 6G dye from aqueous solution using nickel sulphide incorporated polyacrylamide grafted gum karaya bionanocomposite hydrogel

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Kumar, N

2016-02-01

Full Text Available polymer of the Gk with the PAAm was synthesized using the graft co-polymerization technique. In the second step, the nickel sulphide nanoparticles were incorporated in situ within the hydrogel polymer matrix. The synthesized hydrogel nanocomposite...

Matrix Effect on the Spray Drying Nanoencapsulation of Lippia sidoides Essential Oil in Chitosan-Native Gum Blends.

Science.gov (United States)

Paula, Haroldo C B; Oliveira, Erick F; Carneiro, Maria J M; de Paula, Regina C M

2017-03-01

Essential oils have many applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food fields, however, their use is limited to the fact that they are very labile, requiring their a priori encapsulation, aiming to preserve their properties.This work reports on the preparation of chitosan-gum nanoparticles loaded with thymol containing Lippia sidoides essential oil, using exudates of Anacardium Occidentale (cashew gum), Sterculia striata (chichá gum), and Anadenanthera macrocarpa trees (angico gum). Nanoparticles were produced by spray drying an emulsion of L. sidoides essential oil and aqueous solution of gums with different chitosan : gum ratios. Samples were characterized by FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy, particle size, volume distribution, and zeta potential. The FTIR spectrum showed the main signals of chitosan and the gums. Data obtained revealed that the samples had sizes in the nano range, varying from 17 nm to 800 nm. The zeta potential varied from + 30 mV to - 40 mV. Nanoparticle loading values varied from 6.7 % to 15.6 %, with an average encapsulating efficiency of 62 %, where the samples with high ratios of cashew gum and chichá gum presented high oil loading values. The data revealed that both the chitosan : gum ratio and polysaccharide characteristics play major roles in nanoencapsulation processes. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Photochemical and other air pollutants in the Netherlands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Floor, H.

1976-01-01

In 1975, together with the State Institute of Public Health and the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, The Institute of Phytopathological Research continued investigations on incidence of air pollution throughout the Netherlands. Culture vessels with indicator plants were placed on 31 test plots of the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network. During the growing season from May until October, the indicator plants were inspected weekly for typical symptoms of air pollution. Until July, photochemical air pollution by ozone caused less injury to Spinacia oleracea than in the preceding year. On Nicotiana tabacum there was as much injury as in 1974, especially in the 33rd, 36th and 37th week, all over the country. An increasing number of injurious effects by peroxyacetyl nitrate was observed on Petunia nyctaginiflora, Poa annua and Urtica urens. Medicago sativa, Fagopyrum esculentuma nd Petunia nyctaginiflora, indicator plants for the pollutants SO2, NO/sub x/ and ethylene, showed little and Solanum tuberosum, possible indicator plant for ethylene and ozone, no injury in 1975. Finally air pollution by HG occurred on the same scale as in 1974, as shown by Tulipa gesneriana in spring and Gladiolus gandavensis in summer. These results corresponded with the figures for F from the limed paper method. As in 1974, data on injury to the plants and from the limed paper method showed a decline from south to north.

Düşük Yağ Oranlı Kahramanmaraş Tipi Dondurma Üretiminde Farklı Emülgatörlerin Kullanımının Dondurmaların Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mehmet Güven

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, yağ ikame maddesi olarak Simplesse’in kullanıldığı düşük yağlı Kahramanmaraş tipi dondurmaların kimyasal, fiziksel ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine farklı emülgatörlerin etkisi belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla %2 yağlı sütlere, %5 yağ ikame maddesi, %22 şeker ve %1 stabilizatör kombinasyonu (%0.5 Salep+%0.3 Karaya Gum+%0.2 Jelatin ilavesiyle hazırlanan dondurma mikslerine %0.2, %0.4 ve %0.6 oranlarında iki farklı emülgatör (Palsgaard ve Polisorbat 80 ilave edilmiştir. Farklı oranlarda emülgatör kullanımının dondurmaların kimyasal, fiziksel ve duyusal özelliklerini önemli düzeyde etkilediği belirlenmiştir (P<0.05. Polisorbat 80 (PS 80 içeren dondurmaların düşük hacim artışı oranlarına sahip olduğu buna karşın erime özelliklerinin iyileştiği belirlenmiştir. Palsgaard içeren düşük yağlı dondurmaların duyusal özelliklerinin kontrolle benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Recent advances in the identification and authentication methods of edible bird's nest.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Ting Hun; Wani, Waseem A; Koay, Yin Shin; Kavita, Supparmaniam; Tan, Eddie Ti Tjih; Shreaz, Sheikh

2017-10-01

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is an expensive animal bioproduct due to its reputation as a food and delicacy with diverse medicinal properties. One kilogram of EBN costs ~$6000 in China. EBN and its products are consumed in mostly Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, making up almost 1/3 of world population. The rapid growth in EBN consumption has led to a big rise in the trade scale of its global market. Presently, various fake materials such as tremella fungus, pork skin, karaya gum, fish swimming bladder, jelly, agar, monosodium glutamate and egg white are used to adulterate EBNs for earning extra profits. Adulterated or fake EBN may be hazardous to the consumers. Thus, it is necessary to identify of the adulterants. Several sophisticated techniques based on genetics, immunochemistry, spectroscopy, chromatography and gel electrophoresis have been used for the detection of various types of adulterants in EBN. This article describes the recent advances in the authentication methods for EBN. Different genetic, immunochemical, spectroscopic and analytical methods such as genetics (DNA) based techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques, and chromatographic and gel electrophoretic methods have been discussed. Besides, significance of the reported methods that might pertain them to applications in EBN industry has been described. Finally, efforts have been made to discuss the challenges and future perspectives of the authentication methods for EBN. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day.

Science.gov (United States)

Rühmann, Broder; Schmid, Jochen; Sieber, Volker

2015-05-20

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. Using the method a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains was obtained even allowing a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species. This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Biofabrication of broad range antibacterial and antibiofilm silver nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Qayyum, Shariq; Khan, Asad Ullah

2016-10-01

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized via a green route using ten different plants extracts (GNP1- Caryota urens , GNP2- Pongamia glabra , GNP3- Hamelia patens , GNP4- Thevetia peruviana , GNP5- Calendula officinalis , GNP6- Tectona grandis , GNP7- Ficus petiolaris , GNP8- Ficus busking , GNP9- Juniper communis, GNP10- Bauhinia purpurea ). AgNPs were tested against drug resistant microbes and their biofilms. These nanoparticles (NPs) were characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Image J software. Most of the AgNPs were distributed over a range of 1 of 60 nm size. The results indicated that AgNPs were antibacterial in nature without differentiating between resistant or susceptible strains. Moreover, the effect was more prominent on Gram negative bacteria then Gram positive bacteria and fungus. AgNPs inhibited various classes of microbes with different concentration. It was also evident from the results that the origin or nature of extract did not affect the activity of the NPs. Protein and carbohydrate leakage assays confirmed that the cells lysis is one of the main mechanisms for the killing of microbes by green AgNPs. This study suggests that the action of AgNPs on microbial cells resulted into cell lysis and DNA damage. Excellent microbial biofilm inhibition was also seen by these green AgNPs. AgNPs have proved their candidature as a potential antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against MDR microbes.

Ion chromatography characterization of polysaccharides in ancient wall paintings.

Science.gov (United States)

Colombin, Maria Perla; Ceccarini, Alessio; Carmignani, Alessia

2002-08-30

An analytical procedure for the characterisation of polysaccharides and the identification of plant gums in old polychrome samples is described. The procedure is based on hydrolysis with 2 M trifluoroacetic acid assisted by microwaves (20 min, 120 degrees C, 500 W), clean-up of the hydrolysate by an ion-exchange resin, and analysis by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Using this method the hydrolysis time was reduced to 20 min and the chromatographic separation of seven monosaccharides (fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose) and two uronic acids (galacturonic and glucuronic) was achieved in 40 min. The whole analytical procedure allows sugar determination in plant gums at picomole levels, with an average recovery of 72% with an RSD of 8% as tested on arabic gum. The analytical procedure was tested with several raw gums, watercolour samples and reference painting specimens prepared according to old recipes at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure of Florence (Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Italy). All the data collected expressed in relative sugar percentage contents were submitted to principal components analysis for gum identification: five groups were spatially separated and this enabled the identification of arabic, tragacanth, karaya, cherry+ghatty, and guar+locust bean gum. Wall painting samples from Macedonian tombs (Greece) of the 4th-3rd Centuries B.C., processed by the suggested method, showed the presence of a complex paint media mainly consisting of tragacanth and fruit tree gums. Moreover, starch had probably been added to plaster as highlighted by the presence of a huge amount of glucose.

Fischverzehr in der Schwangerschaft: Risiko oder Benefit?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gundacker C

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fisch ist ein hochqualitatives Nahrungsmittel. Es enthält große Mengen an essenziellen Nährstoffen wie hochwertige Proteine, Vitamine, Jod, Selen und Omega-3-Fettsäuren, deren gesundheitsfördernde Wirkungen auf Gehirnentwicklung, intrauterines Wachstum und Gestationsdauer gut beschrieben sind. Gleichzeitig kann Fisch erhebliche Mengen an Schadstoffen beinhalten, insbesondere auch die organische Quecksilberverbindung Methyl-Quecksilber (Methyl-Hg. Das fetale Nervensystem ist besonders empfindlich gegenüber Belastung mit neurotoxischen Substanzen wie Methyl-Hg. Eine signifikante Beeinträchtigung der neurologischen Entwicklung von Kindern durch erhöhte pränatale Belastung ist belegt. Ergebnisse anderer Studien legen nahe, dass die mit dem Fischverzehr aufgenommenen essenziellen Nährstoffe solche Schadwirkungen kompensieren könnten. Insgesamt lässt die rezente Literatur keine eindeutige Aussage zu, ob der Fischverzehr in der Schwangerschaft ein Risiko oder einen Benefit für die fetale Entwicklung darstellt. Dies liegt daran, dass bislang nur wenige Studien die mit dem Fischverzehr einhergehende Aufnahme von essenziellen Nährstoffen und Schadstoffen in Relation zur Entwicklung von Kindern untersucht haben. Die Risiko-Benefit-Balance hängt zudem maßgeblich von individuellen Fischverzehrsgewohnheiten und damit von der jeweiligen Nährstoff-/Schadstoff-Zusammensetzung des konsumierten Fisches ab. Während der Schwangerschaft sollte nicht auf das hochwertige Nahrungsmittel Fisch verzichtet werden. Empfohlen wird ein Verzehr solcher Fische und Meeresfrüchte, die einen hohen Omega-3-Fettsäuregehalt und minimale Quecksilberbelastung aufweisen. Schwangere Frauen sollten über Risiken und Benefits des Fischverzehrs im Sinne der Gesundheitsförderung aufgeklärt werden.

Reconocimiento y fluctuación poblacional arvense en el cultivo de espinaca (Spinacea oleracea L. para el municipio de Cota, Cundinamarca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodríguez Marcela

2008-04-01

Full Text Available

La presencia de arvenses en los cultivos influye en la cantidad y calidad del producto, sin embargo, los productores no consideran importante su manejo, ya que los daños no se observan directamente como en el caso de plagas o patógenos. En el presente trabajo se realizó un reconocimiento de arvenses asociadas al cultivo de espinaca, se compararon los resultados de fluctuación poblacional encontrados del 2003 al 2007 y se realizó una encuesta a los agricultores, con el fin de determinar el tipo de manejo que realizan. Los valores más importantes en términos de densidad (número de individuos en 0,25 m² y cobertura (porcentaje de cobertura en 0,25 m², se presentaron en las especies Urtica urens L. (25,85 y 20,54%, Capsella bursa-pastoris L. (1,78 y 6,71%, Ambrosia sp. (1,61 y 2,46%, Galinsoga ciliata L. (0,79 y 3,67%, Stellaria media (L. Vill. (0,58 y 4,46% y Chenopodium album L. (0,52 y 2,21%. Los agricultores que siembran espinaca en Cota se clasificaron en 6 grupos utilizando 31 variables y 251 modalidades; se concluyó que la variable más importante es el tipo de control de arvenses durante el ciclo de cultivo, que permite agruparlos en los que realizan control manual y aquellos que realizan control integrado y manual conjuntamente.

Impacts of manganese mining activity on the environment: interactions among soil, plants, and arbuscular mycorrhiza.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera-Becerril, Facundo; Juárez-Vázquez, Lucía V; Hernández-Cervantes, Saúl C; Acevedo-Sandoval, Otilio A; Vela-Correa, Gilberto; Cruz-Chávez, Enrique; Moreno-Espíndola, Iván P; Esquivel-Herrera, Alfonso; de León-González, Fernando

2013-02-01

The mining district of Molango in the Hidalgo State, Mexico, possesses one of the largest deposits of manganese (Mn) ore in the world. This research assessed the impacts of Mn mining activity on the environment, particularly the interactions among soil, plants, and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) at a location under the influence of an open Mn mine. Soils and plants from three sites (soil under maize, soil under native vegetation, and mine wastes with some vegetation) were analyzed. Available Mn in both soil types and mine wastes did not reach toxic levels. Samples of the two soil types were similar regarding physical, chemical, and biological properties; mine wastes were characterized by poor physical structure, nutrient deficiencies, and a decreased number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. Tissues of six plant species accumulated Mn at normal levels. AM was absent in the five plant species (Ambrosia psilostachya, Chenopodium ambrosoides, Cynodon dactylon, Polygonum hydropiperoides, and Wigandia urens) established in mine wastes, which was consistent with the significantly lower number of AMF spores compared with both soil types. A. psilostachya (native vegetation) and Zea mays showed mycorrhizal colonization in their root systems; in the former, AM significantly decreased Mn uptake. The following was concluded: (1) soils, mine wastes, and plant tissues did not accumulate Mn at toxic levels; (2) despite its poor physical structure and nutrient deficiencies, the mine waste site was colonized by at least five plant species; (3) plants growing in both soil types interacted with AMF; and (4) mycorrhizal colonization of A. psilostachya influenced low uptake of Mn by plant tissues.

Photochemical and other air pollutants in South Holland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Posthumus, A.C.

1975-01-01

This year at fifteen places, regularly distributed over the industrial area west of Rotterdam, indicator plants for air pollution were again set out in the open. Tulip, gladiolus and freesia, indicators for HF, all demonstrated the same two sites to have maximum HF concentration. Spinach, an indicator for O/sub 3//SO/sub 2/, showed maximum injury in April and May and more south of the New Waterway than north of it. Medicago sativa, a plant species rather sensitive for SO/sub 2/ and O/sub 3/, showed little damage, and the reaction of petunia indicated a possible effect of ethylene only in a few cases. The photochemical air pollutant PAN caused in a few cases as well a slight injury to the indicator plants Urtica urens and Poa annua. The frequency of the injury to tobacco Bel W3 by O/sub 3//SO/sub 2/ was maximum during some periods in summer and autumn. This year again the effect of air pollution on growth and yield of tulips, tobacco and tomato plants was studied at six sites at the mouth of the Rhine with filtered and unfiltered greenhouses. The climatic conditions in these greenhouses were completely alike. Tulips in all the unfiltered greenhouses showed twice as heavy leaf injury as those in the filtered greenhouses. Tobacco plants had a higher average fresh and dry weight in the filtered greenhouses than in the unfiltered ones. The same usually held for tomato plants and also for the number of fruits and the average fresh and dry weight of tomato fruits.

Improving adhesion of seasonings to crackers with hydrocolloid solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Armstrong, Matthew E; Barringer, Sheryl A

2013-11-01

Food powders were applied on crackers that had been coated using water, oil, emulsion, sucrose, or hydrocolloid solutions. The hydrocolloids that were used include gellan gum, kappa-carrageenan, methylcellulose, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, guar gum, modified starch, and maltodextrin. Solutions of similar hydrophobicity to the powder gave the greatest adhesion. NaCl, barbecue (BBQ), ranch, and sour cream & onion (SC&O) seasoning showed greatest adhesion with water, cheese powder with an emulsion of 12.5% to 25% oil, and cocoa powder with oil. For NaCl, BBQ, ranch, and SC&O seasoning, hydrocolloids improved the adhesion over using water alone, with gellan gum providing the greatest adhesion. Hydrocolloid structural differences, including the presence or absence of branching, substitution of sugar units, and molecular weight affect water binding and thickening of the hydrocolloid spray that seemed to be significant factors affecting adhesion of powders to the target surface. For cheese powder, hydrocolloids were capable of replacing the oil within an emulsion while improving or maintaining the same level of adhesion, with gum arabic providing the greatest adhesion. For cocoa powder, hydrocolloid solutions were ineffective adhesives due to differences in hydrophilicity that result in insolubility. The effect of hydrocolloid concentration on adhesion was dependent both on the hydrocolloid type and the concentration that is sprayable, with 0.5% being the optimum concentration for most gums. Adhesion using sucrose solutions was determined by particle size and relative hydrophobicity. Increasing sucrose concentration decreased adhesion of smaller particles, but increased adhesion of larger particles. Adhesion of NaCl significantly increased with decreasing NaCl size using oil, water, and sucrose solutions. © 2013 Institute of Food Technologists®

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate fertilization on initial growth of six arboreal species of cerrado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenia Alves Pereira Lacerda

2011-09-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the benefit of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus clarum, for the initial growth of some native arboreal species of the Cerrado biome, namely gabiroba (Campomanesia cambessedeana, baru (Dipterix alata, jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril, ingá (Inga laurina, caroba (Jacaranda cuspidifolia and chichá (Sterculia striata, in unsterilized soil with low (0.02 mg L‑1 and high (0.2 mg L‑1 concentrations of P in the soil solution. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using 1.5 kg vases, for up to 120 days. The experimental design for each arboreal species was completely randomized, with ten replicates in a 2x2 factorial design (inoculated and noninoculated seedlings, and two levels of phosphorus (P in the soil solution. Arboreal plants of the Cerrado biome showed increased mycorrhizal colonization from inoculation with Glomus clarum, except chichá, as this species showed a high indigenous colonization, not differing from the colonization promoted by inoculated fungi. Inoculation promoted increased growth in baru, gabiroba, ingá, caroba and chichá, increasing shoot dry matter (MSPA and root dry matter (MSR. In caroba, this effect was synergistic with application of P to the soil. Baru and jatobá showed increased dry matter with application of P to the soil only. The mycotrophy (mycorrhizal dependence of species and their response to inoculation and to phosphorus are discussed. In order to produce quality seedlings of caroba, gabiroba, chichá and ingá, combining inoculation with Glomus clarum and phosphate fertilization of the soil is recommended, while for jatobá and baru only the application of P to the soil is recommended.

Phytoremediation capacity of five high andean species from soils contaminated with heavy metals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enoc Jara-Peña

2014-10-01

Full Text Available La fitorremediación consiste en el uso de plantas para remediar in situ suelos, sedimentos, agua y aire contaminados por desechos orgánicos, nutrientes o metales pesados, eliminando los contaminantes del ambiente o haciéndolos inocuos. El trabajo fue realizado en condiciones de invernadero en el distrito de Lachaqui, Provincia de Canta, Departamento de Lima, de octubre de 2011 a octubre de 2012. Fueron evaluados veinte tratamientos con un diseño factorial completo 5 x 4: 5 especies alto andinas, y 4 sustratos con 30%, 60%,100% de relave de mina (RM y suelo sin RM. La producción de biomasa disminuyó significativamente en Solanum nitidum, Brassica rapa, Fuertesimalva echinata y Urtica urens y Lupinus ballianus, con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. La mayor eficiencia de acumulación de plomo y zinc fue obtenida en las raíces de Fuertesimalva echinata con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina, obteniendo 2015.1 mg de plomo kg-1 MS y 1024.2 mg de zinc kg-1 MS. En las raíces de L. ballianus fue obtenida la más alta acumulación de cadmio, con una concentración de 287.3 mg kg-1 MS con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. Fuertesimalva echinata presentó el mayor índice de tolerancia (IT al tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina, con un IT de 41.5%, pero, S. nitidum y L. ballianus presentaron el mayor IT al tratamiento de 60% de relave de mina con IT de 68.5% y 67.9.

Phytochemical, phylogenetic, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 43 Urtica accessions (stinging nettle) based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomic profiles.

Science.gov (United States)

Farag, Mohamed A; Weigend, Maximilian; Luebert, Federico; Brokamp, Grischa; Wessjohann, Ludger A

2013-12-01

Several species of the genus Urtica (especially Urtica dioica, Urticaceae), are used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments. To better understand the chemical diversity of the genus and to compare different accessions and different taxa of Urtica, 63 leaf samples representing a broad geographical, taxonomical and morphological diversity were evaluated under controlled conditions. A molecular phylogeny for all taxa investigated was prepared to compare phytochemical similarity with phylogenetic relatedness. Metabolites were analyzed via UPLC-PDA-MS and multivariate data analyses. In total, 43 metabolites were identified, with phenolic compounds and hydroxy fatty acids as the dominant substance groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) provides a first structured chemotaxonomy of the genus. The molecular data present a highly resolved phylogeny with well-supported clades and subclades. U. dioica is retrieved as both para- and polyphyletic. European members of the U. dioica group and the North American subspecies share a rather similar metabolite profile and were largely retrieved as one, nearly exclusive cluster by metabolite data. This latter cluster also includes - remotely related - Urtica urens, which is pharmaceutically used in the same way as U. dioica. However, most highly supported phylogenetic clades were not retrieved in the metabolite cluster analyses. Overall, metabolite profiles indicate considerable phytochemical diversity in the genus, which largely falls into a group characterized by high contents of hydroxy fatty acids (e.g., most Andean-American taxa) and another group characterized by high contents of phenolic acids (especially the U. dioica-clade). Anti-inflammatory in vitro COX1 enzyme inhibition assays suggest that bioactivity may be predicted by gross metabolic profiling in Urtica. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Suplementação de vacas leiteiras com homeopatia: células somáticas do leite, cortisol e imunidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.R.M. Silva

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de uma combinação homeopática sobre a contagem de células somáticas do leite (CCS, o teor sanguíneo de cortisol e a resposta de anticorpos neutralizantes antivírus da raiva de vacas leiteiras. Trinta e duas vacas Holandesas em lactação foram blocadas em pares e aleatoriamente alocadas a um de dois tratamentos por 63 dias, posterior a um período de padronização de 14 dias. A CCS mensurada no final da padronização ajustou os valores semanais de CCS no modelo de análise estatística. Os tratamentos foram: 150 gramas de uma combinação homeopática (Hypothalamus, 10-30; Colibacilinum, 10-30; Streptococus Beta Hemolyticum, 10-60; Streptococus Uberis, 10-60; Phytolacca, 10-60; Calcium Phosphoricum, 10-30; Natrum Muriaticum, 10-60; Urtica Urens, 10-30; Silicea Terra, 10-400 em veículo mineral, ou 150 gramas do mesmo veículo mineral (controle. A homeopatia tendeu a aumentar a CCS de 124 para 222 x1.000 células mL-1 (P=0,09 e a CCS linearizada (P=0,08. Não foram detectados efeitos de tratamento sobre a concentração sérica de cortisol após estresse induzido por aspiração percutânea do saco ventral do rúmen (P=0,59 ou sobre o título de anticorpos neutralizantes em resposta à vacinação antivírus da raiva (P=0,40. A suplementação com homeopatia tendeu a aumentar a CCS de vacas com baixa CCS.

Characterization and analysis of the cotton cyclopropane fatty acid synthase family and their contribution to cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rawat Richa

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cyclopropane fatty acids (CPA have been found in certain gymnosperms, Malvales, Litchi and other Sapindales. The presence of their unique strained ring structures confers physical and chemical properties characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids with the oxidative stability displayed by saturated fatty acids making them of considerable industrial interest. While cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPE are well-known inhibitors of fatty acid desaturation in animals, CPE can also inhibit the stearoyl-CoA desaturase and interfere with the maturation and reproduction of some insect species suggesting that in addition to their traditional role as storage lipids, CPE can contribute to the protection of plants from herbivory. Results Three genes encoding cyclopropane synthase homologues GhCPS1, GhCPS2 and GhCPS3 were identified in cotton. Determination of gene transcript abundance revealed differences among the expression of GhCPS1, 2 and 3 showing high, intermediate and low levels, respectively, of transcripts in roots and stems; whereas GhCPS1 and 2 are both expressed at low levels in seeds. Analyses of fatty acid composition in different tissues indicate that the expression patterns of GhCPS1 and 2 correlate with cyclic fatty acid (CFA distribution. Deletion of the N-terminal oxidase domain lowered GhCPS's ability to produce cyclopropane fatty acid by approximately 70%. GhCPS1 and 2, but not 3 resulted in the production of cyclopropane fatty acids upon heterologous expression in yeast, tobacco BY2 cell and Arabidopsis seed. Conclusions In cotton GhCPS1 and 2 gene expression correlates with the total CFA content in roots, stems and seeds. That GhCPS1 and 2 are expressed at a similar level in seed suggests both of them can be considered potential targets for gene silencing to reduce undesirable seed CPE accumulation. Because GhCPS1 is more active in yeast than the published Sterculia CPS and shows similar activity when expressed in model

Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Łuczaj, Łukasz; Szymański, Wojciech M

2007-04-15

This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora) has been recorded. Only half of them have been used since the 1960s. Three species: Cirsium rivulare, Euphorbia peplus and Scirpus sylvaticus have never before been reported as edible by ethnobotanical literature. The list of wild edible plants which are still commonly gathered includes only two green vegetables (Rumex acetosa leaves for soups and Oxalis acetosella as children's snack), 15 folk species of fruits and seeds (Crataegus spp., Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Rosa canina, Rubus idaeus, Rubus sect. Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. oxycoccos, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea) and four taxa used for seasoning or as preservatives (Armoracia rusticana root and leaves, Carum carvi seeds, Juniperus communis pseudo-fruits and Quercus spp. leaves). The use of other species is either forgotten or very rare. In the past, several species were used for food in times of scarcity, most commonly Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, U. urens, Elymus repens, Oxalis acetosella and Cirsium spp., but now the use of wild plants is mainly restricted to raw consumption or making juices, jams, wines and other preserves. The history of the gradual disappearance of the original barszcz, Heracleum sphondylium soup, from Polish cuisine has been researched in detail and two, previously unpublished, instances of its use in the 20th century have been found in the Carpathians. An increase in the culinary use of some wild plants due to media publications can be observed. Poland can be characterized as a country where the traditions of culinary use of wild plants became impoverished very early, compared to

Plant community dynamics of lomas fog oasis of Central Peru after the extreme precipitation caused by the 1997-98 El Niño event

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez Infantas, Edgar; Teixeira Roth, Vanessa

2018-01-01

Despite El Niño events being one of the main forces shaping the coastal desert vegetation in South America, the impacts of the high precipitation typical of this rare but recurrent climatic event remain understudied. Here we monitored the plant community of a coastal lomas, a seasonal desert ecosystem, during 1998 and 2001 to analyse its changes during the 1997–98 El Niño and the following La Niña events. We measured species abundance and vegetation cover in 31 plots, and recorded climate variables in Lomas de Lachay, Peru. We found a significant positive correlation between precipitation and vegetation cover, density, alpha diversity (species diversity at the plot level), total richness and abundance of several key species but no correlation with gamma diversity (species diversity at the whole loma level). During the El Niño event, the seasonality, typical of the lomas ecosystem, disappeared, as evidenced by both the similarity of species composition and mean vegetation cover values between most sampling campaigns of 1998 and 1999. Moreover, total richness was lower during the El Niño event than during the humid season of 2000 and 2001 resulting from the dominance of only a few species, such as Nicotiana paniculata and Loasa urens. Temporal-spatial changes in the abundance of the dominant species caused the differences between alpha and gamma diversity, especially during 1999. Within that year, mean alpha diversity showed similar values whilst gamma diversity values were different. The reestablishment of the seasonality of most plant community characteristics and a clear difference between species composition of the humid and the dry season occurred two years after the El Niño event, suggesting a resilient community. This study provides one of the few quantifications of the Peruvian lomas’ response to the 1997–98 El Niño event and the following La Niña, one of the most extreme climatic events in the last century. PMID:29293693

Plant community dynamics of lomas fog oasis of Central Peru after the extreme precipitation caused by the 1997-98 El Niño event.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Tovar

Full Text Available Despite El Niño events being one of the main forces shaping the coastal desert vegetation in South America, the impacts of the high precipitation typical of this rare but recurrent climatic event remain understudied. Here we monitored the plant community of a coastal lomas, a seasonal desert ecosystem, during 1998 and 2001 to analyse its changes during the 1997-98 El Niño and the following La Niña events. We measured species abundance and vegetation cover in 31 plots, and recorded climate variables in Lomas de Lachay, Peru. We found a significant positive correlation between precipitation and vegetation cover, density, alpha diversity (species diversity at the plot level, total richness and abundance of several key species but no correlation with gamma diversity (species diversity at the whole loma level. During the El Niño event, the seasonality, typical of the lomas ecosystem, disappeared, as evidenced by both the similarity of species composition and mean vegetation cover values between most sampling campaigns of 1998 and 1999. Moreover, total richness was lower during the El Niño event than during the humid season of 2000 and 2001 resulting from the dominance of only a few species, such as Nicotiana paniculata and Loasa urens. Temporal-spatial changes in the abundance of the dominant species caused the differences between alpha and gamma diversity, especially during 1999. Within that year, mean alpha diversity showed similar values whilst gamma diversity values were different. The reestablishment of the seasonality of most plant community characteristics and a clear difference between species composition of the humid and the dry season occurred two years after the El Niño event, suggesting a resilient community. This study provides one of the few quantifications of the Peruvian lomas' response to the 1997-98 El Niño event and the following La Niña, one of the most extreme climatic events in the last century.

Evaluación de extractos de ocho especies vegetales en el control de mildeo velloso (Peronospora destructor Berk en cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Enrique Cubides-Hernández

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Extractos de ocho especies vegetales: eucalipto (Eucalytus globulus, cola de caballo (Equisetum bogotense, ortiga (Urtica urens, manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla, caléndula (Calendula officinalis, yerbabuena (Menta viridis, ajo (Allium sativum y clavo (Syzygum aromaticum, preparados por el método de decocción (100 g/l, fueron evaluados en cuanto a su eficiencia en el control de P. destructor en cebolla de bulbo. Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones y siete aplicaciones (52, 60, 68, 76,84, 92 y 100 días después del trasplante, incluyendo un testigo químico Ridomil (metalaxil + mancozeb (2 g/l y el testigo absoluto; se evaluaron la incidencia y severidad de P. destructor, y el número y el peso de bulbos cosechados. El ANOVA mostró que de las siete aplicaciones realizadas, la última presentó efectos estadísticos en el control de la incidencia y severidad de P. destructor. El extracto de manzanilla superó al Ridomil en el control de la incidencia y severidad de P. destructor sin diferencias estadísticas entre sí, y fue significativamente mejor al observado con los extractos de eucalipto, cola de caballo, caléndula y el testigo; el extracto de manzanilla superó al testigo químico en el número y peso de bulbos de cebolla sin presentar diferencias estadísticas, y fue significativamente mejor al obtenido con los extractos de eucalipto, cola de caballo, ortiga, caléndula, yerbabuena, clavo y el testigo absoluto. El extracto de manzanilla es una alternativa ecológica que se debe tener en cuenta en el manejo integrado de P. destructor en cebolla de bulbo.

Photochemical and other pollution in South Holland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Posthumus, A.C.

1976-01-01

At the same 15 places as in 1974, regularly distributed over the industrial area west of Rotterdam, indicator plants for air pollution were set out in the open and were cultivated by the same standard method. Tulip and gladiolus were used as indicators for HF, during spring and summer, respectively. Both indicated that the same two sites, at Vlaardingen and Spijkenisse, had maximum HF concentration. In general, the mean leaf-tip injury at all sites was somewhat heavier than in 1974. Lucerne, as an indicator for SO2, sometimes showed more injury north of the New Waterway than south of it in June. Spinach, an indicator for O3/SO2, showed maximum injury in three different periods in June, July and mostly in August. The frequency and the measure of the injury to tobacco Bel W3 by O3 was maximum during some periods in August and September, the mean injury being heavier than in 1974. Urtica urens and Poa annua too, indicator plants for photochemical air pollution by peroxyacetyl nitrate and O3, showed more frequent injury in 1975, specially in some weeks in June and most of it in August. Petunia too indicated more influence of ethylene than in 1974, mostly in the second half of June. This year again the effect of air pollution on growth and yield of tulip Blue Parrot, tobacco Bel W3 and tomato extase plants was studied at the same six sites as last year by the mouth of the Rhine, with filtered and unfiltered greenhouses. Tulips in the unfiltered greenhouses showed a heavier leaf injury than those in the filtered greenhouses, except at the site in The Hague. These injured plants had a significantly lower average fresh and dry weight of the stems and leaves and of the bulbs too. Tobacco and tomato plants had a higher average dry weight of stems and leaves in the filtered greenhouses than in the unfiltered ones.

Plantas medicinais cultivadas em quintais de comunidades rurais no domínio do cerrado piauiense (Município de Demerval Lobão, Piauí, Brasil Medicinal plants cultivated in homegardens of rural communities in the domain of Cerrado in Piaui (Demerval Lobão Municipality, Piauí State, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.C.G.G. Aguiar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento terapêutico acumulado por populações rurais através de séculos de estreito contato com o meio possibilita a obtenção de informações acerca do uso dos recursos naturais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um inventário das plantas medicinais cultivadas em quintais do município de Demerval Lobão, Piauí, bem como, conhecer o emprego e a importância dessas espécies na comunidade. Foram amostrados 21 quintais em nove comunidades da zona rural do município de Demerval Lobão com vegetação de cerrado. O trabalho foi conduzido com os mantenedores dos quintais a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação direta, associada à técnica de turnê-guiada. As plantas medicinais coletadas foram catalogadas, identificadas, e depositadas no Herbário Graziela Barroso (TEPB da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI. Foram referidas 100 espécies botânicas, predominantemente herbáceas e cultivadas, distribuídas em 49 famílias, sendo Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae e Lamiaceae as mais representativas em número de espécies. Na preparação dos remédios, as folhas foram as mais utilizadas, sendo a decocção a principal forma de preparo. As doenças mais frequentes tratadas por remédios caseiros referem-se ao sistema respiratório e digestivo. Observou-se que não há rigidez quanto à posologia e a duração do tratamento, ficando este a critério do hábito de cada pessoa entrevistada. As plantas que apresentaram índice de importância relativa e concordância de uso (CUP acima de 60% foram cansansão (Cnidosculus urens, boldo (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, jurema-preta (Mimosa verrucosa Benth e cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill. N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson. P. barbatus foi a mais citada e também a que apresentou os índices mais altos de CUP (100%, fator de correção - FC (1,00 e concordância de uso corrigido - CUPc (100% para dores no estômago e problemas no fígado. Observou-se a necessidade de resgatar o

MISCELLANEOUS BOTANICAL NOTES 2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.J.G.H KOSTERMANS

2014-01-01

Full Text Available 1.   Durio  cupreus Ridley is considered to  represent a  distinct  species.2.   Durio wyatt-smithii Kosterm. is reported from Borneo.3.   Machilus nervosa Merr. represents Meliosma bontoeensis Merr.4.   Beilschmiedia brassii Allen represents Vavaea brassii (Allen Kosterm.5.   The author of the generic name Heritiera is Aiton.6.   Heritiera macrophylla (non Wall. Merr. is conspecific with H. ungus-tata Pierre.7.   Some specimens from N. Celebes, attributed formerly to H. sylvatica Merr., belong to H. arafurensis Kosterm.8.   Additional note on Heritiera littoralis Ait. and H. macrophylla Wall, ex Kurz.9.   Heritiera   montana   Kosterm.,   nov.   spec,   from   New   Guinea   and H. khidii Kosterm., nov. spec, from Northern Siam.10.   Additional note on Heritiera, novoguineensis Kosterm. and H. pereo-riacea Kosterm. and an undescribed species.11.   Heritiera acuminata Wall, ex Kurz represents a distinct species.12.   Heritiera  solomonensis  Kosterm.,  nov.  spec,  from the  Solomon  Isl.13.   A note on Firmiana bracteata A. DC.14.   Firmiana fulgens (Wall, ex King  Corner is based on a mixtum com-positum and has been the source of constant confusion. For the element, which occurs in Malaysia a new name is coined: F. malayana Kosterm. It does not occur in Tenasserim.15.   A revised bibliography of Firmiana colorata R. Br., F. pallens Stearn and F. malayana Kosterm. is presented.16.   Additional note on Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm.17.   Firmiana kerrii (Craib Kosterm., comb, nov., based on Sterculia kerrii Craib.18.   Additional specimens of Firmiana papuana Mildbr.19.   Cryptocarya hintonii Allen is referred to Primus as Primus hintonii (Allen  Kosterm.20.   Beilschmiedia wallichiana (G. Don   Kosterm., based on Sideroxylon wallichianum, G. Don, is described. Formerly it was relegated to Litsea by Kurz.21.   New species in Lauraceae: Beilschmiedia aborensis Kosterm., B

Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Szymański Wojciech M

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. Methods 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. Results The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora has been recorded. Only half of them have been used since the 1960s. Three species: Cirsium rivulare, Euphorbia peplus and Scirpus sylvaticus have never before been reported as edible by ethnobotanical literature. The list of wild edible plants which are still commonly gathered includes only two green vegetables (Rumex acetosa leaves for soups and Oxalis acetosella as children's snack, 15 folk species of fruits and seeds (Crataegus spp., Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Rosa canina, Rubus idaeus, Rubus sect. Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. oxycoccos, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea and four taxa used for seasoning or as preservatives (Armoracia rusticana root and leaves, Carum carvi seeds, Juniperus communis pseudo-fruits and Quercus spp. leaves. The use of other species is either forgotten or very rare. In the past, several species were used for food in times of scarcity, most commonly Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, U. urens, Elymus repens, Oxalis acetosella and Cirsium spp., but now the use of wild plants is mainly restricted to raw consumption or making juices, jams, wines and other preserves. The history of the gradual disappearance of the original barszcz, Heracleum sphondylium soup, from Polish cuisine has been researched in detail and two, previously unpublished, instances of its use in the 20th century have been found in the Carpathians. An increase in the culinary use of some wild plants due to media publications can be observed. Conclusion Poland can be characterized as a country where the traditions of culinary

INTERACCIÓN COLIBRÍ-FLOR EN TRES REMANENTES DE BOSQUE TROPICAL SECO (BST DEL MUNICIPIO DE CHIMICHAGUA (CESAR, COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DANIEL LEÓN-CAMARGO

2015-06-01

Cochlospermum vitifolium, Sterculia apetala, Ceiba pentandra, mencionadas como especies adaptadas a la polinización por insectos, pero que igualmente atraen a especies de colibríes, especialmente de pico corto. Lepidopyga goudoti presentó polen de todas las especies que figuraron como recursos importantes según la intensidad de uso, mientras que P. anthophilus solamente utilizó a seis especies.

Efeito de diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, sobre o crescimento e a mortalidade de espécies arbóreas, em Moju-PA Effect of diferente gap sizes on the growth and mortality of arboreal species, in Moju-PA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Cristóvam da Silva Jardim

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Crescimento e mortalidade de Sterculia pruriens, Vouacapoua americana, Jacaranda copaia, Protium paraensis, Newtonia suaveolens e Tabebuia serratifolia, considerando diferentes tamanhos de clareiras, foram avaliados em Moju PA(2º07'30" e 2º12'06" de latitude Sul e 48º46'57" e 48º48'30" de longitude a Oeste de Greenwitch. Selecionou-se nove clareiras da exploração florestal, que foram agrupadas em pequenas (200m²600m². Em seu torno instalou-se parcelas quadradas de cinco metros de lado, nas direções Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste, onde foram plantados indivíduos da regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas. No centro de cada clareira foi instalada uma parcela de 5m X 5m como comparador. A média da mortalidade total foi de 46,9%, não havendo diferenças entre as clareiras pequenas(41,05% e médias(43,86%, mas estas diferiram das grandes(54,96%. As clareiras pequenas são mais propícias para a maioria das espécies, exceto para J. copaia e N. suaveolens, cujas mortalidades foram menores nas clareiras médias. A mortalidade variou de 14,5%(S. pruriens nas clareiras pequenas a 70,1%(V. americana em clareiras grandes, sendo que S. pruriens mostrou menor mortalidade em todos os tamanhos de clareiras. As espécies morreram mais em clareiras grandes. A mortalidade está entre os valores encontrados na literatura, permitindo concluir que não se pode classificar com precisão as espécies em grupos ecológicos somente com base na mortalidade ou sobrevivência. Em termos de crescimento, os resultados indicam que os melhores sítios para desenvolvimento das espécies são as clareiras médias, seguidos pelas clareiras grandes e pequenas. Em termos gerais, a média de crescimento em altura foi de 11,34cm e de 0,11cm em diâmetro de base, com valores maiores para J. copaia. Somente V. americana e P. paraenses não apresentaram diferenças significativas no crescimento em altura em relação aos diferentes tamanhos de clareiras. Os valores de

TXRF and XRF techniques for the determination of K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in some plant species and their infusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khuder, A [Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus (Syrian Arab Republic). Dept. of Chemistry

2009-02-15

The content of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr elements in some medicinal plants, including: A. herba-alba, T. officinale, M. officinalis, T. syeriacus, T. vulgaris, A. officinalis, R. officinalis, M. piperita, M. aquatica, Zea mays, G. glabra, A. vulgare, U. urens, C. aronica, H. officinalis, M. aurea, C. cyminum, was determined using TXRF technique. Concentrations of Pb upper the detection limits of TXRF method was determined only in A. herba-alba leaves with a mean value of 3.6 ppm. The accuracy and the precision of TXRF method were verified using Apple leaves, Peach leaves, and Hay Powder Standard Reference Materials (SRM) for the analysis of plant samples. The previously mentioned elements were accurately determined by TXRF, except Br. Errors obtained by Br determination may be obtained by the partial losses of element content during evaporation of sample on quartz carrier proposed for TXRF measurements. TXRF results for Ca, Mn, and Sr elements agreed well with these obtained by XRF method with standard relative error (SR) better than 10 %, while, these obtained for rest elements, except Br, were with SR ranging between 11 %-20 %. Br was not included in the determination of elements by TXRF. Transfer of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr from A. herba-alba, A. vulgare, Zea mays, M. aquatica, M. piperita, C. cyminum, G. glabra, M. officinalis, and R. officinalis plant materials to infusions at different temperatures were studied using XRF method. Data analyses were verified by Peach and Apple leaves of Standard Reference Materials. Potassium represented the dominant element in all studied plants, particularly, in roots of U. dioica plant with concentrations in the range of 59.3 g/Kg-90.8 g/Kg. Independently of brewing 5 temperature, potassium with a high ratio was transferred from plants to infusions. K transfer ratio was in a range from 57.2 % for A. vulgare leaves at 25 .C to 91 % for G. glabra at 55 .C. Although, Fe content in dry plant

TXRF and XRF techniques for the determination of K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in some plant species and their infusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khuder, A.

2009-02-01

The content of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr elements in some medicinal plants, including: A. herba-alba, T. officinale, M. officinalis, T. syeriacus, T. vulgaris, A. officinalis, R. officinalis, M. piperita, M. aquatica, Zea mays, G. glabra, A. vulgare, U. urens, C. aronica, H. officinalis, M. aurea, C. cyminum, was determined using TXRF technique. Concentrations of Pb upper the detection limits of TXRF method was determined only in A. herba-alba leaves with a mean value of 3.6 ppm. The accuracy and the precision of TXRF method were verified using Apple leaves, Peach leaves, and Hay Powder Standard Reference Materials (SRM) for the analysis of plant samples. The previously mentioned elements were accurately determined by TXRF, except Br. Errors obtained by Br determination may be obtained by the partial losses of element content during evaporation of sample on quartz carrier proposed for TXRF measurements. TXRF results for Ca, Mn, and Sr elements agreed well with these obtained by XRF method with standard relative error (SR) better than 10 %, while, these obtained for rest elements, except Br, were with SR ranging between 11 %-20 %. Br was not included in the determination of elements by TXRF. Transfer of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr from A. herba-alba, A. vulgare, Zea mays, M. aquatica, M. piperita, C. cyminum, G. glabra, M. officinalis, and R. officinalis plant materials to infusions at different temperatures were studied using XRF method. Data analyses were verified by Peach and Apple leaves of Standard Reference Materials. Potassium represented the dominant element in all studied plants, particularly, in roots of U. dioica plant with concentrations in the range of 59.3 g/Kg-90.8 g/Kg. Independently of brewing 5 temperature, potassium with a high ratio was transferred from plants to infusions. K transfer ratio was in a range from 57.2 % for A. vulgare leaves at 25 .C to 91 % for G. glabra at 55 .C. Although, Fe content in dry plant

Redução da interferência de Brachiaria decumbens na formação de pastagem com Penisetum purpureum através de herbicidas Reduction of Brachiaria decumbens interference on Pennisetum purpureum pasture establishment through herbicides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Silva

2002-08-01

, exceto nas menores doses dos produtos. Em pós-emergência, o ametryne, nas doses de 2,50 e 3,75 kg ha¹, e o oxyfluorfen, nas três doses estudadas, proporcionaram controle superior a 90,3% para B. decumbens, B. brizantha, S. glaziovii e S. urens; todavia, o oxyfluorfen propiciou controle de A. australe e de D. tortuosum inferior a 81,0%, e o ametryne, inferior a 75,6% para D. tortuosum. Tanto na aplicação em pré quanto em pós-emergência, o efeito residual de controle estendeu-se até os 90 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas. O capim-elefante tratado com herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência cresceu mais (36,28 a 42,79%; em pós-emergência esse crescimento foi menor (34,78 a 47,1% para o cultivar Pioneiro, quando comparado com a testemunha sem capina. Para o cultivar Cameroon o crescimento foi de 39,90 a 51,30% quando o herbicida foi aplicado em pré-emergência e de 39,83 a 46,61% em pós-emergência. O acúmulo de biomassa seca da parte aérea do cultivar Pioneiro foi maior em pré-emergência (33,22 a 48,85% e em pós-emergência (73,80 a 76,65%; para o cultivar Cameroon esse acúmulo foi de 79,63 a 83,95% em pré-emergência e de 61,92 a 68,21% em pós-emergência, também em relação à testemunha sem capina. O cultivar Pioneiro mostrou ser mais tolerante à interferência das plantas daninhas que o Cameroon.Two experiments were carried out to evaluate elephant-grass tolerance to different herbicides sprayed alone or in mixtures in pre- and post-emergence crop conditions, and to evaluate the efficiency of these products in controlling B. decumbens and other weeds infesting the elephantgrass crops. Herbicide treatments evaluated in the experiment installed in pre-emergence of the crop, in kg ha-1 were: metolachlor (1.152; 2.304 and 3.456, oxyfluorfen (0.48; 0.96 and 1.44 and atrazine + metolachlor (1,25; 2,50; e 3,75, plus the controls, in three repetitions; The herbicide treatments evaluated in the experiment installed in post-emergence conditions, in

Brazilian underutilised species to promote dietary diversity, local food procurement, and biodiversity conservation: a food composition gap analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Moura de Oliveira Beltrame, PhD

2018-05-01

. Food composition analysis is being done for data that was missing or incomplete. Data is being made available on a food composition and recipes database developed with the Information System on Brazilian Biodiversity. Findings: From May, 2014, to March, 2016, the nine partner universities in Brazil compiled existing food composition data for 59 of the 70 selected indigenous Brazilian fruit and vegetable species for which data were available. Food composition analysis is being done for missing or incomplete data (especially for vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre for all 70 species and will be finalised in 2018. Results thus far show that many of the studied species are high in vitamins, such as the high concentrations of vitamin A encountered in the pulp of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes; 317 μg retinol activity equivalent [RAE] per 100 g, tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum; 808 μg RAE per 100 g and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa; 1204 μg RAE per 100 g. High vitamin C concentrations were found in the pulp of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia; 1620 mg/100 g, guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa; 428 mg/100 g and mangaba (Hancornia speciosa; 209 mg/100 g. Protein concentrations were high in seeds of chicha (Sterculia striata; 19 g/100 g, pequi (Caryocar brasiliense; 29 g/100 g and baru (Dipteryx alata; 29 mg/100 g. Interpretation: The data is being used as an advocacy tool for promoting native species in public initiatives including policy incentives for improving their production and market chains. By working through regional partners, capacities were developed in different regions, directly engaging more than 100 students and professors. These groups act as multipliers, building additional human capacity and operating as opinion leaders and policy advisors, including the provision of research and technical backstopping for municipal managers, school managers, nutritionists, and cooks responsible for implementing the National School Feeding Programme, thus the partnership is likely

The hydrothermal upgrading process (HTU) for biomass liquefaction; Het hydrothermal upgrading proces (HTU) voor biomassa liquefactie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naber, J.E. (ed.) [Biofuel, Heemskerk (Netherlands)

2001-07-01

afgebroken, met slechts enkele honderden uren operatie in een continue bench-scale installatie. Hoewel de meeste kritieke onderdelen van de HTU technologie wel in principe waren aangetoond, ontbraken toch diverse belangrijke gegevens voor het betrouwbaar ontwerpen van de eerste (semi-) commerciele toepassingen, alsmede een goed inzicht in de fundamentele achtergronden, de product eigenschappen en de mogelijkheden van schaalvergroting. Doel van dit project en het beoogde resultaat is daarom een gevalideerd proces op proefinstallatie schaal, waarmee het mogelijk wordt om met voldoende betrouwbaarheid te kunnen ontwerpen voor de eerste commerciele toepassingen en demonstratie. Naast fundamenteel onderzoek naar conversie mechanismen, procesdynamica en thermodynamica van het meerfasen systeem en de water zuivering speelt hierbij de bouw en operatie in continu dienst van de geintegreerde proefinstallatie een centrale rol. Als Go/No Go elementen zijn geidentificeerd het op druk brengen van de biomassa voeding en de geintegreerde operatie van de proefinstallatie. Met parallel onderzoek op het gebied van bv. reactor engineering en hoge druk pompen zal het HTU proces met voldoende vertrouwen opgeschaald kunnen worden naar installaties met een doorzet van 10.000+ ton biomassa/jaar (op droge basis). De proefinstallatie zal verder voldoende product produceren om gedegen onderzoek naar vele toepassingen mogelijk te maken en eventueel naar verdere veredeling door hydrodeoxygenering voor transport brandstoffen en/of 'premium' ethyleen kraker voeding. Het principe van deze verdere veredeling is eveneens op het Shell Laboratorium in Amsterdam aangetoond.

Novel concepts and strategies in anticancer metallodrug development : towards oral activity, peptide conjugation and mass spectrometric applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meier, S.

2013-07-01

ät von metallbasierenden tumorhemmenden Wirkstoffen und Wirkstofffamilien kann Erkenntnisse über deren Wirkmechanismus liefern. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden MS-basierende Techniken neben der Charakterisierung von neuen Verbindungen oder wie oben beschrieben von Peptidkonjugaten auch zur Analyse der Reaktivität von repräsentativen tumorhemmenden (Thio)Pyr(id)onato RuII–p-Cymol Metallverbindungen gegenüber Aminosäuren, Nukleotiden und Proteinen verwendet. Eine inverse Korrelation zwischen dem Ausmaß der Proteinaffinität und der antiproliferativen Aktivität konnte für diese metallhältigen Verbindungsfamilien festgestellt werden. Die Bestimmung der Bindungsstelle von Metallionen an Proteinen durch massenspektrometrische Methoden stellt eine erhebliche analytische Herausforderung dar, die vielfach durch eine niedrige Effizienz der Adduktdetektion bedingt ist. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass top-down MS als eine vielversprechende Herangehensweise gelten kann, um z.B. die Bindungsstellen von Oxaliplatin an Ubiquitin (ub) zu bestimmen. Die Kombination der Fragmentierungsmethoden höher energetischer C-Fallen Dissoziation (HCD) und Elektrontransferdissoziation (ETD) erzielte dabei den höchsten Informationsgehalt. Dadurch konnte Methionin-1 als primärer und Histidin-68 als sekundärer Bindungspartner bestätigt werden. (author)

Herbeleving en herinterpretatie. Recente literatuur over Nederland en de Tweede Wereldoorlog

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Romijn

1987-01-01

uren. Omzien naar de bevrijding E. de Roever, Zij sprongen bij maanlicht. De geschiedenis van het Bureau Bijzondere Opdrachten en de agenten, Londen 1944-1945 C. van Rossum, Ommen bevrijd! Een dagboek van de spannende dagen vóór, tijdens en na de bevrijding van Ommen 1945 M.G. Schenk, J.B.Th. Spaan, De koningin sprak. Proclamaties en radiotoespraken van H. M. Koningin Wilhelmina 1940-1945 W. Schoenmaker, T. Postma, Mei 1940. De verdediging van het Nederlandse luchtruim H. van Setten, Opvoeding in volkse geest. Fascisme in het onderwijs 1940-1945 J.H. Sikkes, … In geval van een vijandelijken inval. Ambtelijk gedrag in bezettingstijd en de daarvoor geldende aanwijzingen P. Spanjaard, Het Maasland in de oorlog J.G. Sutherland, Dagboek van mijn krijgsgevangenschap te Neurenberg, Stanislau (Oekraïne en Neu Brandenburg L. van der Tas, Overleven in Dachau. Ervaringen in Duitse gevangenschap A. Tjepkema, J. Walvis, 'Ondergedoken'. Het ondergrondse leven in Nederland tijdens de tweede wereldoorlog G.M.T. Trienekens, Tussen ons volk en de honger. De voedselvoorziening, 1940-1945 W. Veening, Verzetsgroep Zwaantje. Documentaire over het illegale werk van deze groep, die een unieke vluchtroute opzette om velen uit het door de nazi's bezette Nederland te smokkelen R. Vermaas, 1940-1945. Ministerie zonder minister. Impressies over binnenlandse zaken in bezettingstijd A. Vernooij, Grenzen aan gehoorzaamheid. Houding en gedrag van de Utrechtse politie tijdens de Duitse bezetting S. Vincent, J. Ickenroth, 'De laatste loodjes wogen zwaar…'. Reuver en Beesel, bezetting – verzet – bevrijding L.R. van Vliet, Om nooit te vergeten. Authentieke schets van de voormalige Koninklijke Nederlandse brigade 'Prinses Irene'. Met persoonlijke belevenissen, vóór haar oprichting en haar deelname daarná aan de strijd in 1944 J.P. van Vree, Hengelo in oorlogstijd. Wedervaardigheden onder meer opgetekend uit de mond van mr. J. A. H. J. van der Dussen, burgemeester van Hengelo (O van 1937 tot 1951

Zelltyp-spezifische Mikroanalyse von Arabidopsis thaliana-Blättern

Science.gov (United States)

Brandt, Stephan Peter

2002-04-01

Kapillarelektrophorese zurückgegriffen. Eine Methode, die mit sehr kleinen Probenvolumina auskommt, eine hohe Trennung erzielt und zudem extrem geringe Detektionslimits besitzt. Die Analyse von Kohlenhydraten und Anionen erfordert eine weitere Optimierung. Über UV-Detektion konnte die K+-Konzentration in verschiedenen Geweben von A. thaliana bestimmt werden. Sie lag in Epidermis und Mesophyll mit ca. 25 mM unterhalb der für andere Pflanzenspezies (Solanum tuberosum und Hordeum vulgare) publizierten Konzentration. Weiter konnte gezeigt werden, daß zwölf freie Aminosäuren mittels einer auf Kapillarelektrophorese basierenden Methode in vereinigten Zellproben von Cucurbita maxima identifiziert werden konnten. Die Übertragung der Methode auf A. thaliana-Proben muß jedoch weiter optimiert werden, da die Sensitivität selbst bei Laser induzierter Fluoreszenz-Detektion nicht ausreichte. Im dritten und letzten Teil der Arbeit wurde eine Methode entwickelt, die die Analyse bekannter wie unbekannter Proteine in Gewebe-spezifischen Proben ermöglicht. Hierzu wurde zur Probennahme mittels mechanischer Mikrodissektion eine alternative Methode zur Laser Capture Microdissection verwendet, um aus eingebetteten Gewebeschnitten distinkte Bereiche herauszuschneiden und somit homogenes Gewebe anzureichern. Aus diesem konnten die Proteine extrahiert und über Polyacrylamidgelelektrophorese separariert werden. Banden konnten ausgeschnitten, tryptisch verdaut und massenspektrometrisch die Primärsequenz der Peptidfragmente bestimmt werden. So konnten als Hauptproteine im Mesophyll die große Untereinheit von Rubisco sowie ein Chlorophyll bindendes Protein gefunden werden. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelten und auf die Modellpflanze Arabidopsis thaliana angewandten Einzelzellanalysetechniken erlauben es in Zukunft, physiologische Prozesse besser sowohl räumlich als auch zeitlich aufzulösen. Dies wird zu einem detaillierteren Verständnis mannigfaltiger Vorgänge wie Zell

Zorgcoöperaties: een wetenschappelijke verkenning vanuit drie perspectieven

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jogé Boumans

2015-12-01

into account. Finally, the unwillingness and/or impossibility of organizations and municipalities to cooperate with the care cooperative was a further negative aspect. At the same time, when these organizations and municipalities did cooperate, this could act as a positive experience for the establishment and continuation of a care cooperative.This exploratory study is the first study on care cooperatives in the Netherlands that includes all three of these perspectives. It provides many new findings, particularly with regard to the perspectives of care recipients and caregivers. SAMENVATTINGZorgcoöperaties: Ervaringen vanuit drie perspectievenDit onderzoek geeft een eerste inzicht in de ervaringen van zorgontvangers, zorgverleners en initiatiefnemers met de oprichting en voortzetting van zorgcoöperaties. Van drie zorgcoöperaties zijn zorgvragers, zorgverleners en initiatiefnemers geïnterviewd over hun positieve en negatieve ervaringen met zorgcoöperaties en over hun ervaringen met reguliere zorgorganisaties. Het doel is een bijdrage te leveren aan kennisontwikkeling over het functioneren van zorgcoöperaties.De ondervraagde zorgontvangers zijn erg tevreden over de ontvangen ondersteuning en zorg: het contact met zorgverleners is goed en er zijn veel mogelijkheden om de eigen regie over het leven te behouden. Zorgverleners vinden het prettig om voor een zorgcoöperatie te werken, vooral vanwege de grote zelfstandigheid en omdat zij bij kunnen dragen aan de zelfredzaamheid van de mensen voor wie zij zorgen. Het werken voor een zorgcoöperatie heeft echter ook een keerzijde, namelijk dat zorgverleners vaak niet voldoende (vaste uren kunnen werken en er soms te weinig scheiding is tussen privé en werk. Initiatiefnemers richten een zorgcoöperatie op omdat zij er, vanuit persoonlijke of professionele ervaringen, van overtuigd zijn dat het beter kan: vooral kleinschaliger met meer aandacht voor de menselijke maat. Draagvlak in het dorp is cruciaal voor de oprichting en