WorldWideScience

Sample records for judicial administration court

  1. The constitutional court review of judicial decisions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stojanović Dragan M.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In principle, the constitutional precepts envisage that judicial decisions are not subject to extrajudicial control. However, in the course of deciding on constitutional complaints, the Constitutional Court reviews the compliance of individual legal acts and actions of state authorities with the Constitution, including court decisions on cases involving the constitutionally guaranteed rights. Hence, in order to eliminate tension or even contradiction between the constitutional precepts, the constitutional review of judicial decisions should be considered as a special form of judicial control, regardless of the fact that the Constitutional Court is not part of the judicial structure in the strict organizational sense. Thus, unlike the cases where the Court is involved in the normative control of the applicable law, in the process of reviewing judicial decision of lower courts the constitutional judiciary acts in the capacity of a specific judicial authority. According to another possible interpretation of the aforementioned constitutional norms, the direct constitutional protection of the constitutionally guaranteed rights may only be pursued in the process of reviewing individual legal acts and actions of state authorities, but not by pursuing a judicial review of court decisions which the Constitutional Court has no jurisdiction to decide upon. Thus, the dogma of judicial independence would prevail over the dogma of direct protection of fundamental rights. The third interpretation of this relationship maintains that that judicial decisions may be subject to control but, in this specific case, the Constitutional Court may only issue an opinion (a statement rather than a binding decision which would cancel the lower court judgment. Then, it is up to the judicial authorities of the lower instance to adjust their judicial decision, which in the opinion of the Constitutional Court constitutes a violation of the constitutionally guaranteed rights

  2. Judicial review of administrative silence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radošević Ratko S.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Administrative silence is a situation in which the competent authority, within the statutory deadline, has not issued an administrative act at the request of the party. In the case of administrative silence, given the fact that the citizens are unable to protect their rights and legal interests without an administrative act, they are provided with legal protection. In this case, the same legal relationship is created, directly on the basis of the statute, as in the situation in which the party's request is rejected. This means that the party may, under the conditions prescribed by the statute, initiate the procedure of judicial review of administrative silence. In the paper, the author explains the conditions under which the judicial review of administrative silence can be initiated and the role of the court in this judicial procedure.

  3. Nudging Domestic Judicial Reforms from Strasbourg: How the European Court of Human Rights shapes domestic judicial design

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Kosař

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses to what extent and how the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR has initiated and engaged in domestic judicial reforms. It shows that the judgments of the Strasbourg Court, rather than having effects only with respect to the individual whose rights have been violated, have much deeper structural effects in the design and operation of domestic judicial systems. This article argues that this phenomenon goes rather unnoticed, but it has deep implications for both the developing and developed European democracies. To demonstrate this phenomenon, this article assesses the impact of the ECtHR on three judicial design issues. First, it illustrates how the ECtHR has challenged the role of the advocates general. Second, it explains how the ECtHR has gradually curbed the jurisdiction of military courts both over civilians and over military officers, which has brought these courts to the brink of their abolition. Finally, it outlines how the ECtHR in its judgments regarding the disciplining of judges empowers the judiciary at the expense of other political institutions within the State. Based on the analysis of these three judicial design issues, we conclude that the Strasbourg Court is affecting the internal architecture of domestic judiciaries as it gradually endorses the unification of court administration and changes the power structures within the judiciary.

  4. Trial Courts in the Judicial Process.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKnight, R. Neal

    1981-01-01

    Describes a college course which examines the organizational and behavioral characteristics of trial courts in the American judicial process. A major course objective is to help students understand the trial court process as a political process by showing how trial court organizations are involved in the allocation of social values. (RM)

  5. Regional Courts as Judicial Brakes?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Metcalf Katrin Nyman

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The article examines how regional integration courts can act as judicial brakes, at a time when “constitutional coups” – leaders staying in power past constitutional time limits or other forms of actions against the spirit if not always the letter of the constitution – are alarmingly common. The article discusses how regional courts can be used to modify or protect national rule of law and the constitutional order from the outside (i.e. from the regional integration aspect and the extent to which this can be valid particularly to promote a uniform interpretation and application of human rights. Although this trend is visible in Europe, it is more striking, because less expected, on other continents, in particular Africa and the Americas, where the developments take place in less than perfect democratic environments. The article contains evidence from cases dealt with in the various regional courts, supporting that a system of political and judicial oversight, especially in regions with weak or fragile democratic systems, can be a useful addition to national judicial or other mechanisms of protection of rule of law and control of the executive. Action by regional courts helps defeat perceptions of majoritarian politics, which in many countries allow for the winner to take all. Under a system of regional oversight, states become aware of the limits they themselves have set and citizens become aware of their possibilities to challenge political power.

  6. The relationship between administrative court control and legislative control

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Beckmann, M.

    1986-01-01

    The legislator can determine the extent of control of administrative courts by reduction of substantive conditions. The author has the opinion that the judicial control cannot be stricter than the legislative control. For the range of the control of administrative courts is decisive, to what extent the legislator is forced to proper legislative settlements. In this context the author discusses the Kalkar-decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of 1978. (CW) [de

  7. Court Administrators and the Judiciary — Partners in the Delivery of Justice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wayne Stewart Martin

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This article examines several topics relating to the administration and governance of courts in democratic societies.  It includes a summary of the development of court administration as a profession, highlighting Australia and the United States.  The summary includes a discussion of how judges and court administrators must work together and coordinate their efforts in key areas of court administration and management.  The article also reviews separation of powers issues, highlighting the problems that emerge in systems in which oversight and administration of the courts is vested in the executive branch or power of government, most commonly in a justice ministry.  It reviews the practical advantages of having courts governed and managed through institutional mechanisms within the judicial power rather than the executive power.

  8. Constitutional and administrative paradigms in judicial control over EU high and low politics

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    Cebulak Pola

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available This article explores the particular tensions surrounding judicial review in EU external relations. The tensions are classified using a two-dimensional framework. Firstly, a distinction based on policy domains of high and low politics, which is derived from constitutional theory, and external to the CJEU; and secondly a distinction based on legitimizing paradigms of administrative (EU as effective global actor or constitutional (judicial review as guarantee of fundamental rights in character and determined by the Court itself. Even though one would expect a dominance of the administrative paradigm in the domain of high politics, the Court uses both the administrative and the constitutional paradigm in its external relations case-law. The decision on which of these becomes the guiding frame seems to depend more on the policy domain, and be made case by case, which suggests politically sensitive adjudication, rather than a coherent approach to legitimizing the nascent judicial review in EU external relations.

  9. Constitutional and administrative paradigms in judicial control over EU high and low politics

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cebulak, Pola

    2017-01-01

    This article explores the particular tensions surrounding judicial review in EU external relations. The tensions are classified using a two-dimensional framework. Firstly, a distinction based on policy domains of high and low politics, which is derived from constitutional theory, and external...... to the CJEU; and secondly a distinction based on legitimizing paradigms of administrative (EU as effective global actor) or constitutional (judicial review as guarantee of fundamental rights) in character and determined by the Court itself. Even though one would expect a dominance of the administrative...... paradigm in the domain of high politics, the Court uses both the administrative and the constitutional paradigm in its external relations case-law. The decision on which of these becomes the guiding frame seems to depend more on the policy domain, and be made case by case, which suggests politically...

  10. Performance-Based Budgeting and Management of Judicial Courts in France: an Assessment

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    Thierry Kirat

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available The efficiency of civil justice has become a central issue in several communities, including national states that have undertaken to reform their civil procedures rules and/or to implement methods of case management (such as the USA and United Kingdomand international organizations such as the Council of Europe and the World Bank. Of course, there has always also been interest on the part of legal academics and judicial/court administration professionals.Court systems have two aspects: on one side, as public institutions, their funding, the recruitment of judges and clerks and employees, the procedural rules they must comply with, are determined by the state. On the other side, as organizations producing dispute resolution services, their operation and management are borne by the chiefs of courts. The importance of capacity management of the former, who are most often judges, is now acknowledged by most specialists, even if the compatibility between legal rationality and managerial rationality is questioned by some of them. This article seeks to explain the situation of French courts, focusing on court administration that can not be addressed without taking account of the broader framework of State policy concerning most specifically the budget-setting process which has undergone recent radical reforms.

  11. Matching Judicial Supervision to Clients' Risk Status in Drug Court

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marlowe, Douglas B.; Festinger, David S.; Lee, Patricia A.; Dugosh, Karen L.; Benasutti, Kathleen M.

    2006-01-01

    This article reports outcomes from a program of experimental research evaluating the risk principle in drug courts. Prior studies revealed that participants who were high risk and had (a) antisocial personality disorder or (b) a prior history of drug abuse treatment performed better in drug court when scheduled to attend biweekly judicial status…

  12. Judicial Review: Issues of State Court Involvement in School Finance Litigation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Colwell, William Bradley

    1998-01-01

    Due to state legislatures' reluctance to initiate school-funding reform, judicial bodies are asked to provide relief from alleged inequities. Before providing judicial review, the judiciary must decide whether an issue is justiciable (does not violate separation of powers) and warrants court intervention. Children's education has not substantially…

  13. Explaining the judicial independence of international courts: a comparative analysis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Beach, Derek

    What factors allow some international courts (ICs) to rule against the express preferences of powerful member states, whereas others routinely defer to governments? While judicial independence is not the only factor explaining the strength of a given international institution, it is a necessary...... condition. The paper first develops three sets of competing explanatory variables that potentially can explain variations in the judicial independence of ICs. The causal effects of these explanatory variables upon variance in judicial independence are investigated in a comparative analysis of the ACJ, ECJ...

  14. Considering the consequences of increased reliance on judicial assistants: A study on Dutch courts

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Holvast, N.L.

    2014-01-01

    Virtually all judicial systems employ judicial staff members to assist judges in their work. However, except for US Supreme Court law clerks the role of these judicial assistants in judicial decision-making is minimally understood. This observation also holds true for the Netherlands, where an

  15. Prohibition of Turning to a Worse Scenario in Judicial Activity: on the Example of Consideration of the Cases on Administrative Offenses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evgenii V. Taribo

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The article explores the prohibition of turning to a worse: how it is enshrined in the legislation on administrative violations, and how it manifests its effect in judicial practice. As analysis of legislation and judicial practice shows, courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts differently understand and apply this prohibition. This is due to the different legislative and organizational bases on which the process of bringing to administrative responsibility is based, in which courts of general and arbitration jurisdictions are involved. The article notes that the provisions of the draft of the new Code on Administrative Offenses, developed by the State Duma of the 6th convocation, point to a possible reduction of the scope of this ban. In this regard, the author comes to the conclusion that the legislator and the courts are to decide on a conceptually unified approach to the problem of the prohibition of turning to the worst in the field of administrative responsibility

  16. Judicial activism of the Court of Justice of the EU in the pluralist architecture of global law

    OpenAIRE

    Cebulak, Pola

    2014-01-01

    Judicial activism implies a hidden politicization of the Court. The legal arguments and the methods used by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) might seem coherent. However, an inquiry into judicial activism means looking beyond the legal reasoning of the Court and trying to “connect the dots” of an alternative narrative that can explain the Court’s long-term approach to certain issues. In the case of judicial activism of the CJEU in the case-law concerning public international ...

  17. Matching Judicial Supervision to Clients’ Risk Status in Drug Court

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marlowe, Douglas B.; Festinger, David S.; Lee, Patricia A.; Dugosh, Karen L.; Benasutti, Kathleen M.

    2007-01-01

    This article reports outcomes from a program of experimental research evaluating the risk principle in drug courts. Prior studies revealed that participants who were high risk and had (a) antisocial personality disorder or (b) a prior history of drug abuse treatment performed better in drug court when scheduled to attend biweekly judicial status hearings in court. In contrast, participants who were low risk performed equivalently regardless of the court hearings schedule. This study prospectively matches drug court clients to the optimal schedule of court hearings based on an assessment of their risk status and compares outcomes to clients randomly assigned to the standard hearings schedule. Results confirmed that participants who were high risk and matched to biweekly hearings had better during-treatment outcomes than participants assigned to status hearings as usual. These findings provide confirmation of the risk principle in drug courts and yield practical information for enhancing the efficacy and cost-efficiency of drug courts. PMID:18174915

  18. The Court of Justice and Effective Judicial Protection: What Has the Charter Changed?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prechal, A.

    2015-01-01

    Since the coming into force of the Charter as primary law of the EU, Article 47 CFR is ‘the reference standard’ when the Court deals with issues of ffective judicial protection. However, the general principle of effective judicial protection existed already for some 25 years, developed in the case

  19. Assisting the High Administrative Court in Restricting Too Broad a Concept of Academic Judgment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cardao-Pito, Tiago

    2016-01-01

    I have received substantial monetary compensation and a formal apology from my first doctoral school, and a Ph.D. from another university. This essay describes my personal view on discussing the boundaries of academic judgment and research supervision with the ombudsman agency for higher education, and at the High Administrative Court of England and Wales. The Court's judicial doctrine addresses substantial research accountability matters. It clarifies that although the Court and ombudsman agency must not interfere with academic judgment, not everything done by an academic can be considered as academic judgment. A Ph.D. supervisor can seriously fail to perform his/her duties.

  20. Responsibility of the administration and control by the courts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Papier, H.J.

    1987-01-01

    This contribution examines the scope of control of the administrative courts by closer looking at the field of tension between the demand for more protection of the individual's right, and for more indicial control on the other hand. One proposal for solving the problem is that the legislature might restrict judicial control to watching over the principle of justifiability, and there are other suggestions discussed that seek solutions in the field of procedural law, or substantive law. Other aspects discussed include a curtailment of the scope of discretion of authorities, or of local governments. As for years now there hasn't been any nuclear power plant that could start operation on the basis of uncontested licences, the administrative legal protection in this field seems to be disfunctional. The courts themselves can contribute a lot to preventing disfunctionality, but the legislature is mainly responsible for this development, and should be the first to counteract. (HSCH) [de

  1. Establishing an effective dialog between courts and agencies

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Humphery-Jenner, Mark L.

    2013-01-01

    This thesis examines the relationship between courts, administrators, and legislators. The goal is to improve the operation of judicial review in the United States and provide suggestions on how to enhance emerging doctrines of judicial review in the EU. The thesis focuses on how courts, agencies,

  2. Reforming of the Judicial System of Kosovo based on the Law no. 03/L-199 on Courts and its challenges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr.Sc. Azem Hajdari

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Law no. 03/L-199 on Courts1 represents a law of significant importance which regulates the organisation, functioning and jurisdiction of courts of the Republic of Kosovo. This law has made numerous reforms in the judicial system of the country. It has set the bases of a modern and sustainable judicial system. In fact the Law on Courts in addition to having changed the judiciary of Kosovo in the aspect of organisation, it has opened the paths in the aspect of ensuring an efficient functioning thereof. Moreover, this law has repealed the application of the Law of former SAP of Kosovo on Regular Courts which in some aspects did not correspond to the trends of contemporary developments in this field. Law on Courts in its solutions embeds the bases of an independent and impartial justice, further on being multiethnic, non-discriminatory, efficient and in principle having an advanced approach of the opportunity for the public opinion to follow the judicial activities. Consequently, within this work, the background of the development of judicial system in Kosovo shall be discussed, some aspects of its reforming and challenges currently the judicial system of the country faces. In the course of preparation of this work, legal-historical method has been applied, the dogmatic method too, method of comparison and the method of analysis and synthesis. Through the legal-historical method, the manner of organisation and activity of the judicial system in Kosovo has been reflected covering the time of Turkish rule up to 2013 basing it on the laws and the Albanian customary law. The dogmatic method has helped on reflecting the manner of organisation and activity of the judicial system in Kosovo, viewing it in the context of regulating these matters through the Law on Courts presently applicable.The comparative method has reflected the features of the new judicial system in Kosovo and a comparison has been undertaken to the characteristics of earlier judicial

  3. Risk assessment by the executive power versus efficiency of control by the courts - effects on administrative procedures and judicial proceedings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wahl, R.

    1991-01-01

    In conclusion it is stated that any cutbacks in the current system of judicial control have to be earned by appropriate improvements in the administrative procedure. One has to keep in mind the overall situation, which means to examine and assess any reduction of judicial control, the relevance of procedural defects, and the requirements to be met by administrative procedures, in their complete context. Since the acknowledgement of administrative regulations as instruments for putting into practice the legislative intent, and of the executive's scope for examination and assessment, has effects not only in regard to a reduction of judicial control, but also assigns to the administrative procedure an irreplaceable function that cannot be corrected by legal proceedings, there is reason enough to exercise restraint in this matter. (orig./HSCH) [de

  4. 49 CFR 386.67 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 386.67 Section 386.67... Decision § 386.67 Judicial review. (a) Any party to the underlying proceeding, who, after an administrative... service of the Final Agency Order, petition for review of the order in the United States Court of Appeals...

  5. Reference to Foreign Law in the Supreme Courts of Britain and the Netherlands: Explaining the Development of Judicial Practices

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    Elaine Mak

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available How do judges decide cases in a globalised legal context, characterised by the increased interconnections between legal systems and between actors in these legal systems? In this article, firstly, four types of variables (constitutional, institutional, organisational, and personal which influence judicial practices are described, and it is shown how these variables shape the judicial decision-making of the highest courts in liberal-democratic legal systems. Secondly, the specific development of the use of foreign law in the Supreme Courts of the UK and the Netherlands is analysed in light of the identified variables. In this way, some general insights are provided into the development of judicial decision-making under the effects of globalisation, and it is made clear what the national highest courts can and may do in the specific context in which they are functioning.

  6. Administrative court control in taxation matters

    OpenAIRE

    Nataša Zunić Kovačević

    2016-01-01

    Starting with the current organisation of administrative court control in taxation matters, this paper, after a brief overview of the normative legal framework of control in such matters, provides an analysis of certain indicators of administrative and administrative court control implementation in taxation matters. The experience of the application of administrative control in taxation matters and an analysis of accessible indicators of recent administrative court control in taxation matters...

  7. Supervisory Control and Court Management

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    Andreas Lienhard

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Court management is an essential precondition for guaranteeing the adjudication of cases. At the same time, court administration is the key focus of supervisory control. Management instruments and structures, caseload management and other elements of quality assurance including the certification of judicial authorities must therefore be accorded considerable constitutional importance.

  8. 20 CFR 405.515 - Application of circuit court law.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application of circuit court law. 405.515 Section 405.515 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Judicial Review § 405.515 Application of circuit court law. We will...

  9. Legislative and Judicial Information Systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Becker, Louise Giovane

    1983-01-01

    Reviews computer applications in judicial, legal, and legislative information activities being used to support litigation and court administration, assist in searching for legislation and laws, aid criminal justice information systems, and provide appropriate bibliographic and reference assistance. Management issues in automating systems are…

  10. THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE COURT AND COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

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    Bosilja Britvić Vetma

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper discusses the dialogue judges between administrative court and Court of Justice of the European Union, and determines the most important elements of this cooperation. Special attention was given preliminary ruling procedure and position of Croatian administrative courts in it. In the following paper, the relationship between tha national administrative courts, the Courts of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights after the Treaty of Lisbon. This paper also discusses the solutions adopted in other countries, special attention was paid to the influence of French administrative law on cooperation (dialogue between the courts due to a strong influence on the development of that cooperation.

  11. Judicial System Restructuring and Modernization in Abu Dhabi

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    Lawrence Groo

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to provide a practical overview of the recently initiated modernization of Abu Dhabi’s judicial system. Beginning in 2007, Abu Dhabi’s Government launched a comprehensive effort to transform the Emirate’s judicial system. While the implementation of these reforms is ongoing, with the adoption of the law in May 2007 establishing the new judicial architecture the initial phase of the modernization program is already complete. The restructuring process encompasses court management and administration reform, a new judicial training regime, a redesigned organizational structure for the Emirate’s Judicial Department and courts, and the establishment of a system-wide strategic planning and budgeting process. Many of these initiatives are supported by applying advanced IT-based applications. Given the early achievements and ambitious broader aims of the restructuring process, Abu Dhabi’s example is relevant not only to the other Emirates within the Federal UAE system, but also within the context of the wider Middle East region.

  12. 20 CFR 405.510 - Claims remanded by a Federal court.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Claims remanded by a Federal court. 405.510 Section 405.510 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Judicial Review § 405.510 Claims remanded by a Federal court. When a...

  13. Laverne A. Jacobs & Justice Anne L. Mactavish, eds., Dialogue Between Court And Tribunals – Essays In Administrative Law And Justice (2001- 2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerald P. Heckman

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available “Dialogue between Courts and Tribunals,” a title that could describe the interplay between judges and decision-makers in the context of the judicial review of administrative decisions, in fact refers to a series of annual roundtables organized by the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice [CIAJ].

  14. APPLICATION OF THE WTO AGREEMENTS IN NATIONAL COURTS: COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF WORLDWIDE AND LITHUANIAN JUDICIAL PRACTICES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saulius Katuoka

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This article analyses the main World Trade Organization (WTO agreements: the 1994 GATT agreement and the agreements on the determination of the customs value and customs origin of goods. It also describes the problems involved in granting the direct effect of this external legislation in the Republic of Lithuania from the time of its accession to the WTO in 2001 and entry into the European Union (EU in 2004. The article seeks to answer the question of whether the external WTO legislation should be recognised as legal acts in the national legal system, with the capability for direct application in judicial proceedings. The article also considers whether individual persons can invoke the WTO agreements at a national level (in national courts to protect their legitimate rights and interests in international trade operations. In addition, it includes an analysis of practices followed by judicial authorities in the EU and countries in other regions, including the individual EU member states. The analysis leads to the conclusion that, unlike the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the practices and experience of the Republic of Lithuania are essentially based on the provision that these sources of law could be directly applied at a national level in judicial cases related to the taxation of international trade operations. Analysis of the relevant issues is based on both theoretical (analysis and synthesis, systematic analysis and empirical methods (the statistical analysis of data, the evaluation and textual analysis of documents – in particular, decisions of national courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU.

  15. Review of Administrative Justice in the Republic of Kosovo

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    Islam Pepaj

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The present paper aims to provide a real view of adjudication of administrative cases in Kosovo. The issue of adjudication of administrative cases in the Republic of Kosovo remains a challenge following justice reforms which began in 2013 and are still on-going. Kosovo as a new country faces difficulties in professionalization of public administration and this is closely related to large number of case that are subject of judicial review which is not a case with other countries which have longer experience in public administration. In this context, more attention has been paid to review of administrative acts and issues with special focus on judicial review, following with legal remedies, administration silence as cause of judicial review. The paper also contains information about administrative justice in Kosovo before and 2013, and its current state. New court structure brought with New Law on Courts which entered into force in 2013 affected administrative justice substantially. In the previous system, Kosovo Supreme Court was the only instance handling administrative disputes. In this regard, the issue of effective legal remedies was not in place as required by international standards. However, new court structure brought significant changes regarding legal remedies in administrative justice by setting up three court instances; Administrative departments within Prishtina Basic Court and Appellate Court as well as Supreme Court extraordinary legal remedies review.

  16. Environmental Impact Assessment Law in China's courts: A study of 107 judicial decisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zining, Jin

    2015-01-01

    The article explores the practices of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law in China's courts by examining 107 judicial decisions. Each of the 107 judicial decisions has been analyzed to determine the time/location of the decision, what type of EIA document was referred to, what specific claim was made by the plaintiffs, and what the court's ruling was on the case. The results indicate that: unlike in Germany or Japan, all kinds of EIA decisions made by environment protect bureaus (EPBs) in China were widely taken as justiciable, and China's courts generally allowed local residents to have standing and thus challenge the EPBs' decisions made during the EIA process. On the other hand, the research also shows the EPBs overwhelmingly prevailed in those EIA lawsuits. It is also found that China's reviewing judges were highly self-restrained, giving obvious deference to the technocrat with the substantial contents of EIA documents. Also, the concept of “flaw” was created when it came to procedural issues. These two factors, among others, were both helping the EPBs' prevailing successes. - Highlights: • 107 judicial decisions referring to China's EIA law are examined. • The justiciability of EPB's EIA decisions were taken for granted. • The defenders overwhelmingly prevailed in those EIA lawsuits. • The reviewing judges were highly self-restrained, defering to the technocrat with the EIA documents. • A functional concept, “flaw”, was created by reviewing judges when it came to procedural issues

  17. Environmental Impact Assessment Law in China's courts: A study of 107 judicial decisions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zining, Jin, E-mail: jinzn@pkusz.edu.cn

    2015-11-15

    The article explores the practices of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law in China's courts by examining 107 judicial decisions. Each of the 107 judicial decisions has been analyzed to determine the time/location of the decision, what type of EIA document was referred to, what specific claim was made by the plaintiffs, and what the court's ruling was on the case. The results indicate that: unlike in Germany or Japan, all kinds of EIA decisions made by environment protect bureaus (EPBs) in China were widely taken as justiciable, and China's courts generally allowed local residents to have standing and thus challenge the EPBs' decisions made during the EIA process. On the other hand, the research also shows the EPBs overwhelmingly prevailed in those EIA lawsuits. It is also found that China's reviewing judges were highly self-restrained, giving obvious deference to the technocrat with the substantial contents of EIA documents. Also, the concept of “flaw” was created when it came to procedural issues. These two factors, among others, were both helping the EPBs' prevailing successes. - Highlights: • 107 judicial decisions referring to China's EIA law are examined. • The justiciability of EPB's EIA decisions were taken for granted. • The defenders overwhelmingly prevailed in those EIA lawsuits. • The reviewing judges were highly self-restrained, defering to the technocrat with the EIA documents. • A functional concept, “flaw”, was created by reviewing judges when it came to procedural issues.

  18. In the shadow of the judge : The involvement of judicial assistants in Dutch district courts

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Holvast, N.L.

    2017-01-01

    While judicial assistants occupy a central position in all types of court systems, the contribution of these staff members to the process of adjudication remains largely unknown, even though their involvement can have significant effects on the perceived quality and credibility of adjudication. This

  19. 20 CFR 418.3610 - Is there administrative or judicial review for administrative actions that are not initial...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... Administrative Review Process § 418.3610 Is there administrative or judicial review for administrative actions... reviewed by us, but they are not subject to the administrative or judicial review process as provided by... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is there administrative or judicial review...

  20. Review of Judicial Reforms in Bhutan

    OpenAIRE

    Dubgyur, Lungten

    2004-01-01

    This essay highlights the anomalies of judicial reforms in Bhutan. It presents a historical perspective of Bhutanese judicial reforms and addresses recent developments. It discusses court performance and experiences and approaches adopted in making the courts efficient. Much of the reform initiatives emanate from the throne. His Majesty the King has always advocated an efficient judicial system for the Kingdom. In obedience to the Royal Commands, the judicial system and judicial process in Bh...

  1. How the European Court «judges» history (to the problem of judicial activism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    О. П. Євсєєв

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Problem setting. It’s striking that even such seemingly distant from political speculations international jurisdictional authority, as the European Court of Human Rights has nolens volens to give not only a legal qualification of the alleged violations, but also a legal assessment of the historical facts presented by the parties or by the Court office. It is significant that this kind of assessment can cause violent reactions, sometimes even more bitter than that which concerns the violation. In the analysis of such cases, referred to as «sensitive», we see the purpose of this article. It should be emphasized that this topic has never been covered in the domestic legal literature. Recent research and publications analysis. It should be pointed out that these estimates are given by the High Court is not arbitrary, and in the context of another, much broader phenomenon, called «judicial activism». In relation to the activities of the European Court identified the phenomenon manifests itself in several forms. First, it can occur when the Court has several options for interpretation in the framework of its case-law, but it goes beyond that - and then his choice has legal effect, destroying the value of the previous precedents. Secondly, it is not always a clear position on procedural matters, as it was in the «Katyn case» (Janovec and others v. Russia. Then the Court was confronted with an event that took place not only before the ratification of the Convention by the Respondent state (1998, but even before it was born (1950, which was indicated in the dissent of the judge from Ukraine Yudkivska.  As a general rule, the Court would have had to reject filed a claim as not corresponding to the criteria ratione temporis, however, the proceedings were not only open, but also culminated in the decision of the full decision, according to which Russia pledged to pay significant compensation to the relatives of the victims. In many respects the

  2. FINALITY OF INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION IN REGARD TO JUDICIAL REVIEW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suwarno Abadi

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the constitutional status of Constitutional Court’s decisions constitutionally guaranteed as final. This status very critical because it could lead Constitutional Court to the judicial supremacy position. This article argues against this possibility. The status of Constitutional Court’s decisions should be critized on the basis that its finality is prima facie, not absolute. As a solution, this article takes a position called departmentalism which means that court and legislature are not supreme in their authority to interpret the constitution. Artikel ini membahas tentang status konstitusional putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dijamin konstitusi bersifat final. Status tersebut sangat kritikal karena dapat mengarahkan Mahkamah Konstitusi ke posisi supremasi yudisial. Artikel ini berargumen tidak setuju atas kemungkinan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, status putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi perlu dikritisi dengan dasar bahwa finalitasnya tersebut bersifat “prima facie”, tidak absolut. Sebagai solusinya, artikel ini mengambil posisi departementalisme yang memiliki pengertian bahwa pengadilan dan legislator tidak memiliki supremasi atas kewenangan untuk melakukan interpretasi konstitusi.

  3. First instance competence of the Higher Administrative Court

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1988-01-01

    (1) An interlocutory judgement can determine the admissibility of a legal action, also with regard to single procedural prerequisites (following BVerwG decision 14, 273). (2) The first instance competence for disputes about the dismantling of a decommissioned nuclear installation lies with the administrative courts and not with the higher administrative courts. Federal Administrative Court, decision of May 19, 1988 - 7 C 43.88 - (VGH Munich). (orig.) [de

  4. The Acceptance of Court Judgments: the Influence of Procedural and Distributive Justice : Explaining a citizen’s choice to appeal in administrative legal procedures

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boekema, I.M.

    2014-01-01

    The research aims to shed light on citizens’ perceptions of judicial procedures by focusing on the appeals procedure in administrative law. Especially, the study tries to clarify which motives might underlie an appeal by a citizen after a negative judgment by the court of first instance. Why does

  5. Case of administrative dispute

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xhemazie Ibraimi

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available The activity of administrative bodies includes big numbers of various acts and actions, through which the will of public administration is formed. The will of public administration bodies, expressed in administrative individual and normative acts, in administrative contracts and real acts, finds its reflection in the Constitution, laws and other provisions of legal character. All this activity is not inerrant and therefore, it is not uncontrollable. The supervision of executive activity is subject to political control of administrative acts through authorities designated for this purpose, as well as internal control and the judicial control. The institution of judicial control of administrative acts and actions appears as very important and widely treated in the legal doctrine. The protection of constitutional and legal rights of private persons is accomplished by subjecting administrative activity both to internal administrative control, as well as to the judicial control in accordance with legal provisions. The judicial control of administrative acts represents a constitutional guarantee for citizens to protect their rights through public and fair trial by an independent and impartial court. In this way, the Constitution empowers the common administrative court that invalidates an action or administrative act, but not all administrative acts may be subject to administrative dispute, with the exception of cases against which the administrative conflict cannot be carried out (negative enumeration.

  6. The curious case of Court Manager in India: From its creation to its desertion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geeta Oberoi

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The Government of India though made an honest attempt to relieve judges from their administrative and non-judicial works and for the same created the post of court managers for courts, the judiciary in India did not embrace this initiative and with the help of registry staff almost failed this project. In this article, some reasons are explored as to why judiciary gave cold shoulder to this project and what could be way out to reverse the mindset to create acceptance for court managers for performing non-judicial functions.

  7. Researching Justification Texts of a First Instance Court from Assignment to Results and Reporting

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Langbroek, Philip; van der Linden - Smith, Tina

    2014-01-01

    Court decisions are reasoned to legitimize them. Lay people seem to understand little of the work of the courts. One of the questions for court administrators and judges is: for whom do judges write their judgments? Is it possible to analyze judicial justification texts with a view to the audiences

  8. Means of determining the condition of insanity in administrative proceedings based on the court practice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatyana Mikhailovna Sekretareva

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective in the absence in the Russian administrative legislation of the provisions on the procedure and the ways to detect the condition of insanity of a physical person who has committed an administrative wrongful act there is a variety of lawenforcement acts for the resolution of these issues. In order to further systematize the enforcement acts for the resolution of these issues we consider it necessary to assess the practical application of the provisions of Article 2.8 quotInsanityquot of the Administrative Code by the courts in different Russian regions. Methods the methodological basis of research is the general scientific dialectic method of cognition the author used methods such as analysis synthesis description explanation. Results the author has conducted an analysis of practice of application of the provisions of Article 2.8 quotInsanityquot of the Administrative Code by courts of the Russian Federation. On the basis of this analysis it is found that courts use different methods of establishing the state of insanity of the person who committed the violation of the legislation on administrative offences. This is due to the fact that the courts base on a variety of actual data when establishing the state of insanity in the resolution of specific cases. These actual data were combined into 4 groups. Each method for establishing the state of insanity was evaluated which allowed to conclude about the need to organize the actions of individuals considering the cases on administrative offences aimed at defining the state of insanity of the offender and to offer one of the possible options for resolving the identified problems. Scientific novelty for the first time the analysis of practice of application of Article 2.8 quotInsanityquot of the Administrative Code was made and the author39s assessment of its provisions is given. Practical value the results of the study can be used for the generalization of judicial practice at the level of

  9. Guide to Alabama Court Procedures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alabama Administrative Office of Courts, Montgomery.

    Designed to assist the public in understanding the judicial system and judicial process in Alabama, this handbook (1) presents an overview of Alabama's courts and their jurisdictions, (2) identifies the officers of the courts and the contributions each makes to the judicial process, and (3) narrates in general terms the procedures most common to…

  10. Federal Court of Administration confirms preclusion of objections

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1982-01-01

    1. The preclusion established as a rule of law in sub-section 1 of sect. 3 of the Ordinance concerning the Procedure for Licensing Nuclear Installations is not only applicable to administrative proceedings, but also to administrative court proceedings. 2. In an advanced process situation, the preclusion rule of sub-section 1 of sect. 3 of the Ordinance concerning the Procedure for Licensing Nuclear Installations is applicable, this does not constitute a violation of the principle of having 'fair' proceedings. 3. Objections as defined by the above-mentioned regulation have to be presented with reference to the project and within the period allowed, during the licensing procedure concerning the project. The Federal Court of Administration has confirmed the preclusion of objections. The court dismissed the complainant's appeal against the non-admission of appeal ruled in the decision of the Administrative Court of Baden-Wuerttemberg of Nov. 7, 1980. (orig./HP) [de

  11. Court-agency interaction in environmental policymaking: the cases of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomas, L.W.

    1981-01-01

    This study examines the increasingly active participation of courts in the administrative process as well as agency responses to court-imposed policy shifts. More specifically, it is an investigation of the interaction between the federal courts, primarily the Supreme Court and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, and two federal regulatory agencies, the Nuclar Regulatory Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency. There are five objectives to the study. The first is to examine the natura of court-agency interaction and to determine the extent to which patterns of judicial review of administrative actions can be discerned. The second is to examine the effect of court orders on agency programs and policies. The third is to assess the anticipatory dimension of court-agency relations. The fourth is to inquire into the recurring dimension of court-agency interaction and to determine its effect on subsequent court decisions. The last is to assess the institutional capacity of courts to deal with scientific and technological issues. This study indicates that judicial review has a substantial effect on the NRC's and the EPA's decision-making activities. Few, if any, recent major policy decisions of the two agencies have not been scrutinized closely by federal appellate courts. During the past decade, the courts have blocked policy initiative on numerous occasions and have been the primary source of change in others. In addition, the mere anticipation of judicial review was found to be a factor motivating the two agencies to make reasoned decisions

  12. Federal Administrative Court recognizes foreclosure of demurer in administrative proceedings, too

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    In its decision of July 17, 1980, the Federal Administrative Court dismissed the appeal lodged by the community S. against the dismissal by the administrative court concerning the action to set aside the license granted for the Wyhl reactor. In doing so, and by giving full reasons, the effectiveness of the foreclosure of demurers in administrative proceedings has been recognized and the notion of demurer has been defined. The amount in litigation was fixed at 50000 DM for the proceedings of appeal. (HSCH) [de

  13. The Control of Environment Management Through Administrative Court

    Science.gov (United States)

    Putrijanti, Aju

    2018-02-01

    Environment is important in human life. Conflict of interest comes between development of economy sector, citizenship needs and Governance, as it becomes completely difficult to analyze. The environment's lawsuit is increase from the beginning of the Court established. The duty of Administrative Court are to investigate, decide and settle administrative disputes. The Governance has to pay attention before issuing the Government's decree by put principle of good governance as priority. The issue in this paper is strengthening the role of Administrative Court to maintain the environment reuse by settle environment disputes based on the importance of environment. The administrative decisions in environment field may cause a loss or damage for the people. When the public officer did not put the appreciation to the reuse of environment and principle of good governance, it will become problems. The decision should be environmentally friendly. There should be certified judge to settle the dispute. The method of this research by examines the Judge's verdict in environment disputes, and its relation with regulations and the newest issues. The conclusion is increase the role of the Administrative Court to maintain the environment by law enforcement through settle environment disputes.

  14. Superior Administrative Court Baden-Wuerttemberg. Judgement of March 30, 1982 (Wyhl)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    Presentation and discussion of the leading statements of the decision delivered by the Mannheim Superior Administrative Court on March 30, 1982 concerning the Wyhl nuclear power plant, unit 1. With this decision, covering 548 pages, the Superior Administrative Court changed the decision of the Freiburg Administrative Court of the year 1977 and finally dismissed the action for annulment of the construction licence. The Superior Administrative Court acted upon the appeal brought in by the Land and the plant operator, Kernkraftwerksgesellschaft. (CB) [de

  15. The Swiss Federal Supreme Court: A Constitutional Assessment of Control and Management Mechanisms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andreas Lienhard

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Even the highest courts are under pressure to perform effectively and efficiently. In some instances, the pressure comes from supervisory and elected authorities, such as parliaments, which demand information regarding judicial output. In Switzerland a decision has been made by the Parliament to apply “steering instruments”, which were introduced as part of general administrative reforms. These procedures also include mechanisms for “controlling” 2 judicial activity. In this article, we examine reforms relating to the Swiss Federal Supreme Court , and the compatibility of those reforms with separation of powers principles.

  16. Russian Model Of The Administrative Justice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalja I. Jaroshenko

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available On December 25, 2014 it would be twenty-one year since the Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted on the national referendum on December 12, 1993. During this time, almost all constitutional provisions are implemented. The key point of course was the judicial reform in Russia, launched simultaneously with the adoption of Constitution of the Russian Federation. Adopted the new Civil Procedural Code, Criminal Procedural Code, Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation", Federal Constitutional Law "On the courts of general jurisdiction in Russia", Federal Constitutional Law "On the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation". However, during twenty-one year of Russian Constitution work, the question on establishment of administrative courts in our country has not been resolved. Merger of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, which happened in the year 2014, also shown the need to resolve the status of administrative courts in Russia. Previously submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation the draft of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Federal Administrative Courts in the Russian Federation" and is on the revision, which does not correspond to changes in the judicial system of the Russian Federation. Despite the failure of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Federal Administrative Courts in the Russian Federation", in the opinion of the author, and it should be called that way, it Russia has already developed an own model of the Russian administrative justice, which is very specific.

  17. 50 CFR 296.15 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 296.15 Section 296.15..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CONTINENTAL SHELF FISHERMEN'S CONTINGENCY FUND § 296.15 Judicial review. Any claimant... determination, seek judicial review of the determination in the United States District Court for such judicial...

  18. The Role of Courts in Shaping Health Equity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hall, Mark A

    2017-10-01

    United States' courts have played a limited, yet key, role in shaping health equity in three areas of law: racial discrimination, disability discrimination, and constitutional rights. Executive and administrative action has been much more instrumental than judicial decisions in advancing racial equality in health care. Courts have been reluctant to intervene on racial justice because overt discrimination has largely disappeared, and the Supreme Court has interpreted civil rights laws in a fashion that restricts judicial authority to address more subtle or diffused forms of disparate impact. In contrast, courts have been more active in limiting disability discrimination by expanding the conditions that are considered disabling and by articulating and applying the operative concepts "reasonable accommodation" and "other qualified" in the context of both treatment and insurance coverage decisions. Finally, regarding constitutional rights, courts have had limited opportunity to intervene because, outside of specially protected arenas such as reproduction, constitutional law gives government wide discretion to define health and safety goals and methods. Thus, courts have had only a limited role in shaping health equity in the United States. It remains to be seen whether this will change under the Affordable Care Act or whatever health reform measure might replace it. Copyright © 2017 by Duke University Press.

  19. The Relevance of Criminal Courts in the Global South

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Leandro Ciocchini

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The literature on comparative law has a long and robust tradition, but studies comparing courts and judicial systems are scarce. Comparative studies in the Global South, following Shapiro’s institutional approach, have aimed to measure the involvement of courts in politics by assessing the power of the judiciary in society, the level of judicial independence, and their role in the context of the judicialization of politics. The focus was on the high courts, including either Constitutional or Supreme Courts. Criminal courts have not received similar attention despite the influence of their everyday decisions on people’s lives and their perception of the judicial system. This article argues that developing a comparative approach for criminal courts in the Global South is needed to help understand the role they play in the development of the rule of law and democratic life. This comparative study helps understand the impact of judicial reform programmes in the Global South. These reforms, inspired by a neoliberal paradigm, have focused on improving the efficiency of the courts. The reforms have promoted managerial techniques detrimental to the standards of due process. Any assessment of the impact of the reforms on the courts in the Global South should start by recognising the widely differing settings under which they operate. This context is characterised by serious economic constraints, such as a lack of material and human resources, and a democratic deficit legacy from the past authoritarian regimes, including widespread police abuse and corruption. Given this context, the role of the courts in ensuring due process and the legality of police procedures is crucial. The impact of the judicial reforms promoting managerial rationality in recent decades must be analysed. To examine the role courts are playing in criminal matters, two cases were explored where courts have undergone extensive judicial reforms, Argentina and the Philippines.

  20. Procedural Justice in Dutch Administrative Court Proceedings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Verburg

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available In this paper we discuss recent developments in administrative court proceedings in the Netherlands, called the New Approach. Along with developments leading to the New Approach, it became clear that the insights from research on procedural justice deserve particular attention. The goals of the judge's actions in this respect are both that the proceedings are fair and just and that parties perceive the way they are being treated during proceedings as fair and just.Within the New Approach we discern five procedural justice elements: (1 respect, (2 voice and due consideration, (3 some influence on how proceedings will continue, (4 an explanation of how the proceedings will continue and (5 direct interpersonal contact.The introduction of the New Approach shows two important bottlenecks in Dutch administrative court proceedings, which are (i the possible or supposed collision between legally right outcomes and  procedural justice and (ii the lack of uniformity and predictability.Although what we describe and discuss in this paper focuses on the Dutch situation, many of these considerations apply to administrative court proceedings in other countries. The themes and difficulties that face the administrative law judge seem to be common to many countries.

  1. 43 CFR 4.478 - Appeals to the Board of Land Appeals; judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... appeal to the Board from an order of an administrative law judge granting or denying a petition for a... judicial review under 5 U.S.C. 704 of a final BLM grazing decision if the administrative law judge denies a... decide the appeal promptly. (d) Unless the Board or a court orders otherwise, an appeal under paragraph...

  2. Modernization experience of judicial policy post soviet countries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. A. Antoniuc

    2014-12-01

    The findings indicate that analysis of the accumulated Georgia and Kazakhstan, as well as other post­Soviet states, the experience of modernization policy of national judicial systems is very useful for the improvement of the domestic judicial system in the context of the proclaimed judicial reform. First it must ensure the restoration of the unity of the judiciary in the possibility of the existence of certain specialized vessels. Regarding the latter, it is interesting Kazakhstan practice, when the specialized courts are formed with the status of the regional or district court, without disrupting the unity of the judiciary, which is headed by the Supreme Court. Considerable interest may also be the creation of the courts of public councils to assess the ethical qualities of the candidates for judges, the introduction of the model­speakers of judges, the development of pre­trial (mediation and alternative (arbitration courts forms of dispute resolution.

  3. THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN SPAIN: CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.J. Sánchez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Since the Spanish Constitution of 1978 there has been a full and effective administrative justice. The citizens have the possibility to request a judicial review of decisions taken by the public Administrations, while being either the owners of a subjective right or of a legitimate interest. The interim judicial protection is not limited to the suppression of the act or general provision and the Courts are invested with direct powers to enforce their sentences. However, different problematic issues about the inactivity of the public Administrations and the enforcement of sentences are the new challenges to ensure the administrative justice. To this it must be added that there are problems regarding the inefficient work of Courts.

  4. 14 CFR 1262.309 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 1262.309 Section 1262.309... PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 1262.309 Judicial review. Judicial review of final... the determination to the court of the United States having jurisdiction to review the merits of the...

  5. Judicial Performance and Experiences of Judicial Work: Findings from Socio-legal Research

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sharyn Roach Anleu

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Judicial performance evaluation processes and programs tend to imply an abstract, normative model of the proper judge. The focus is on the individual judicial officer, identifying how judges ought to perform their judicial work and assessing any departures from the model. However, there is considerable diversity in judging which abstract models of JPE may not anticipate. Importantly, judicial performance occurs within a context – the practical and natural settings in which every day judicial work is undertaken. This entails time constraints, workload patterns, and dependence on the activities of others, factors over which the judicial officer may have little control, but which in turn may affect his/her behaviour. Often, judicial performance is taken to refer to in-court work only. Judicial work also occurs outside court and outside regular court hours and so may be less visible for judicial performance evaluation. Although there is considerable variety in judicial experiences of judging, JPE only sometimes includes self-perceptions or judges’ own reflections on their work. Social science and socio-legal research, including original empirical data from Australia, investigates judging in various contexts and explores judicial officers’ experiences of their work. Such empirical research can widen understandings of judicial performance and evaluation. Los procesos y programas de evaluación del rendimiento judicial tienden a implicar un modelo normativo abstracto del juez competente. La atención se centra en el funcionario judicial individual, identificando cómo deben realizar su labor los jueces y determinando cualquier desviación respecto al modelo. Sin embargo, a la hora de juzgar, existe una gran diversidad que los modelos abstractos de evaluación del rendimiento judicial no pueden anticipar. Es importante destacar que el desempeño judicial se produce en un contexto – el marco práctico y natural en el que se desarrolla cada d

  6. Complex administrative procedures between administrative efficiency and the obligation to protect individual rights

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinberg, R.

    1982-01-01

    Due to their structural premise, administrative procedures possess an inordinate amount of influence, especially in complex situations of judicial decision making, to arrive at the ''right decision'' during the passing of binding regulatory ordinances. Since their system of organization is primarily subject to legislative influence, they are governed by the rules of administrative efficiency in the sense of extensive usage of performance - oriented governmental effectuation of constitutional rights. The demands for adequate judicial protection, of which wide administrative court procedure controls are part, will also serve the goal of reaching the ''right administrative decisions.'' (orig.) [de

  7. 40 CFR 180.30 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 180.30 Section 180.30... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.30 Judicial review. (a) Under FFDCA section 408(h), judicial review is available in the United States Courts of Appeal as to the...

  8. 31 CFR 16.42 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 16.42 Section 16.42... FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT OF 1986 § 16.42 Judicial review. Section 3805 of title 31, United States Code, authorizes judicial review by an appropriate United States District Court of a final decision of the...

  9. 43 CFR 35.42 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 35.42 Section 35.42... CLAIMS AND STATEMENTS § 35.42 Judicial review. Section 3805 of title 31, U.S. Code, authorizes judicial review by an appropriate U.S. District Court of a final decision of the Secretary imposing penalties or...

  10. 14 CFR 1264.141 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 1264.141 Section 1264.141... PENALTIES ACT OF 1986 § 1264.141 Judicial review. Section 3805 of Title 31, United States Code, authorizes judicial review by an appropriate United States District Court of a final decision of the authority head...

  11. 10 CFR 207.8 - Judicial actions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... Coordination Act of 1974 § 207.8 Judicial actions. (a) Enforcement of subpoenas; contempt. Any United States... such an order of the court may be punished by the court as contempt. (b) Injunctions. Whenever it...

  12. Atypical Rulings of the Indonesian Constitutional Court

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bisariyadi

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available In deciding judicial review cases, the Court may issue rulings that is not in accordance to what is stipulated in the Constitutional Court Law (Law Number 8 Year 2011. Atypical rulings means that the court may reconstruct a provision, delay the legislation/rulings enactment or give instruction to lawmakers. In addition, the court also introduce the “conditionally (unconstitutional” concept. This essay attempts to identify and classify these atypical rulings, including conditionally (un constitutional rulings, by examined the constitutional court judicial review rulings from 2003 to 2015. This study will provide a ground work for advance research on typical rulings by the Indonesian constitutional court.

  13. SPECIALIZED COURTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ioana Nely Militaru

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on 1 December 2009, improved functioning judicial system European Union ( EU. Court of Justice of the EU has been reformed, said Treaty changing the EU courts so very name : Court of Justice of the EU, the Court referred to above, the Court of First Instance, and specialized courts, known previously, judicial panels. The paper shows the first part of his creation, composition and competence of the specialized courts, and as a manifestation of them in the second part examines the Civil Service Tribunal, the same point of view. EU specialized courts may be set up in specific areas, specializing in some technical disputes. These specialized courts have jurisdiction to hear and decide the cases in the first instance with the possibility that their decision subject to appeal to the General Court . In this context, to resolve disputes between the Union and its officials was established Tribunal.

  14. The Political Context of Judicial Review in Indonesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fritz Edward Siregar

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Indonesia Constitutional Court will celebrate 12th birthday this August 2015, and it cannot be denied that the Court play significant role in securing democracy in Indonesia. In exercising their authorities, including the election result dispute and judicial review, the Court continue to affirm institutional judicial legitimacy and pursue their role to guard 1945 Constitution and continue to do so. The first Chief Justice Jimly showed how within five years of the Court’s creation, he could strategically maximise its momentum and build up the Court as a respectful institution. The Chief Justice Mahfud MD was then elected to reduce the judicial activism started by Jimly’s bench. However, against promises and expectations, Mahfud MD brought the Court to a level far beyond the imagination of the Constitution drafters. Parliament and President tried to limit Court’s authority, not ones, and the Court able to overcome those constrain. Current various available studies observed only how the Court issued their decision and solely focus to the impact of the decision. Scholars slightly ignore that study about the Court, by reducing other constitutional actor in Indonesia, produce study about the Court itself isn’t complete. In fact, political environment in which the Court operated at that time is one of utmost importance the strengthen of the Court institutional legitimacy. This paper is trying to discover the rise of the Indonesia Constitutional Court, not from what the Court did, but from political environment outside the court. Political parties realize that the Court is the only institution that act as political dispute resolution among them. Political parties maturity and political constraint are the key factor that support the development of the Court’s institutional power.

  15. Status of Court Management in Switzerland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andreas Lienhard

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available At an international level, and in particular in the Anglo-American region, there is a long tradition of scientific study of court management. Thus in Australia there has for quite some time been the Australasian Institution of Judicial Administration (AIJA, which concerns itself with every aspect of court administration. In the USA too, research and education in the field of court management has been institutionalized for a long time, in particular by the National Center for State Courts (NCSC and the related Institute for Court Management (ICM. In Europe, a working group known as the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ deals with issues of court management as part of the activities of the Council of Europe. The fact that court management is also increasingly becoming an important topic in the European area was demonstrated by the establishment, in 2008, of a new professional journal that focuses on court management, the International Journal for Court Administration (IJCA. In Switzerland, the issue of court management was discussed for the first time in the course of the New Public Management (NPM projects in the cantons, but was often limited to the question of whether to include the courts in the relevant cantonal NPM model. Generally speaking, court management was a matter that was only sporadically raised, such as at a symposium of the Swiss Society of Administrative Sciences (SSAS in 2003 or more recently in an article in which theses on good court management are formulated. In Switzerland even today there is a general dearth of empirical and other theoretical findings on the mode of operation of the justice system and its interaction with society, or with specific social target groups. For example, it was only in 2009 that the first indications were obtained of how cases in various categories were handled by the highest administrative and social insurance courts in Switzerland. In the fields of criminal and civil

  16. Judicial Influence on Policy Outputs?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg

    2015-01-01

    to override unwanted jurisprudence. In this debate, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has become famous for its central and occasionally controversial role in European integration. This article examines to what extent and under which conditions judicial decisions influence European Union (EU......) social policy outputs. A taxonomy of judicial influence is constructed, and expectations of institutional and political conditions on judicial influence are presented. The analysis draws on an extensive novel data set and examines judicial influence on EU social policies over time, that is, between 1958...

  17. The Acceptance of Court Judgments: the Influence of Procedural and Distributive Justice : Explaining a citizen’s choice to appeal in administrative legal procedures

    OpenAIRE

    Boekema, I.M.

    2014-01-01

    The research aims to shed light on citizens’ perceptions of judicial procedures by focusing on the appeals procedure in administrative law. Especially, the study tries to clarify which motives might underlie an appeal by a citizen after a negative judgment by the court of first instance. Why does one citizen appeal, while another chooses to end the conflict? Do citizens make this choice in a ‘rational’ fashion, weighing costs and benefits, or does this choice depend on normative consideration...

  18. Licensing procedure by steps, indemnity precaution, control by administrative courts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sellner, D.

    1986-01-01

    The author describes three problems of the Wyhl-judgement of the Federal Administrative Court. The terms 'licensing procedure by steps', 'indemnity precaution pursuant to sec. 7, para. 2, No. 3 Atomic Energy Act', and 'control density of administrative courts' are concretized. The author chooses these terms because they have important impulses even for other fields than Atomic Energy Law. (CW) [de

  19. The Precedent 443 of the Superior Labor Court and Judicial Activism: The Defense of a Non Selective Constitutional Hermeneutics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Humberto Lima de Lucena Filho

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the Precedent 443 of the Superior Labor Court, which deals with the discriminatory dismissal presumption of those labor with social stigma diseases from the perspective of judicial activism in the brazilian labor law and its objective influence on law and labor procedure law from the from the perspective of a not univocal constitutional hermeneutics. It aims, also, to conceptualize the stability institute in order to configure the dangers and misconceptions arising from it. Therefore, it concludes that the analogy that embodied the repeated judicial position was excessive. The research points out the logical-deductive method operated by the aid of the literature review, case law and positioning applicable law.

  20. Federal Administrative Court on priorities between water law and nuclear law procedures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    With its decision of November 22, 1979 - BVerwG 4 B 162/79 -, the Federal Administration Court, at the expense of the plaintiff, has judged against a Bremen resident who had lodged a complained against the non-admission of an appeal in a partial verdict by the Lueneburg Higher Administrative Court concerning licenses under water law for Kernkraftwerk Unterweser. The value in litigation for the complaint procedure was set at DM 5000,-. In its partial verdict of February 12, 1979 - VII OVG A 113/77 - the Lueneburg Higher Administrative Court had decided that the plaintiff's rights are not infringed by the administrative steps under water law taken by the defendant district, and that pleas under nuclear law cannot be entered in the present procedure. The Federal Administrative Court was of the same opinion. The reasons for its decision are given in full wording. (orig./HP) 891 HP/orig.- 892 CKA [de

  1. 29 CFR 785.7 - Judicial construction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial construction. 785.7 Section 785.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... Hours Worked § 785.7 Judicial construction. The United States Supreme Court originally stated that...

  2. Civil rights reference of administrative procedures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Held, J.

    1984-01-01

    The book deals with the constitutional obligations which substantive civil rights demand from administrative procedures. The Federal Constitutional Court distinguishes between protection of civil rights in, and by, administrative and judicial procedures. The author analyses the example of the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court concerning the atomic power plant of Muelheim-Kaerlich. In the licensing procedure pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act, the civil rights of persons concerned are guaranteed by the governmental obligation to its protection. (CW) [de

  3. Past and Future for Management of Courts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bert Maan

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available This article is written from the perspective of a court president in The Netherlands, a so called civil law country. In theory, in a civil law country, judges and lawyers in civil and commercial cases base their actions on the application of the law and its interpretation. Moreover, in criminal matters, the courts use inquisitorial procedures which differ from the adversarial procedures used in common law countries. The field of court management is not highly developed because of the tension between the need for judicial independence and judicial organization. There are many examples of this tension, including the fact that courts may be subject to budgetary limits which themselves may intrude upon judicial independence. For instance, suppose that a judge believes it necessary to appoint an expert to answer a certain scientific question, but the expert is expensive and budgetary considerations preclude the appointment. When I was involved in the process of the budgets of prosecutors’ offices and courts, this question frequently arose. In an effort to deal with this problem, part of the courts’ budgets were treated as open-ended even though courts rarely spent these open-ended budgets lavishly.

  4. Koblenz Higher Administrative Court reproaches complainants with abusing legal protection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1981-01-01

    In its decision of November 18, 1980, the Koblenz Higher Administrative Court of Rhineland-Palatinate dismissed the appeal filed by the complaining party, members of the so-called 'Forum Humanum' against the decisions made by the Koblenz Administrative Court which dismissed their action filed against the partial licence issued for, and the licensing of, the Muelheim-Kaerlich reactor (comp. with first report in 'et' 2/81 p. 145). The complaining party was ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings, including the out-of-court costs of the parties invited to attend (constructor and operator). According to the decision, the value in litigation was fixed at DM 100 000 each for the appeal. Another appeal was not allowed. The substance of both decisions is identical. In decision 7 A II 78/80 it is pointed out that the complaining party appeared in court as a 'public agent' acting in the 'public interest'. Constitutionally, legal protection in administrative matters does not know of any class-action suit. (orig./HSCH) [de

  5. 17 CFR 200.64 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Judicial review. 200.64... AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND REQUESTS Canons of Ethics § 200.64 Judicial review. The Congress has provided for review by the courts of the decisions and orders by this Commission. Members should recognize...

  6. Judicial civil procedure dragging out in Kosovo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rrustem Qehaja

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article tends to deal with one of the most worrying issues in the judicial system of Kosovo the problem of judicial civil procedure dragging out. The article analyses the reasons of these dragging outs of the judicial civil procedure focusing on the context of one of the basic procedural principles in civil procedure-the principle of economy or efficiency in the courts. Dragging out of civil procedure in Kosovo has put in question not only the basic principles of civil procedure, but it also challenges the general principles related to human rights and freedoms sanctioned not only by the highest legal act of the country, but also with international treaties. The article tends to give a reflection to the most important reasons that effect and influence in these dragging outs of civil procedure, as well as, at the same time aims to give the necessary alternatives to pass through them by identifying dilemmas within the judicial practice. As a result, the motives of this scientific paper are exactly focused at the same time on identifying the dilemmas, as well as presenting ideas, to overstep them, including the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights on Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, by which it is given the possibility to offering people efficient and within a reasonable time legal protection of their rights before national courts. For these reasons, the paper elaborates this issue based on both, the legal theory and judicial practice.

  7. The European Union Court of Justice after the Treaty of Lisbon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radivojević Zoran

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Created by the Treaty of Paris as a judicial authority which ensures respect for the law when interpreting and applying this treaty, the European Court of Justice has so far been repeatedly reformed. The latest reform of the judicial system of the European Union, put into effect by the Lisbon Treaty, largely relies on solutions contained in the unaccepted Treaty on the Constitution for Europe. Novelties that this treaty brings could be grosso modo divided into several basic categories. First, there are organizational changes related to the different name and composition of the courts, appointment of judges and advocates-general and the formation of specialized courts. The new terminology and organization aims to provide a clear distinction between the Court of Justice of the EU, which is an aggregate term or generic designation for the entire judicial system of the Union, and special judicial bodies that enter into its composition. These are the Court of Justice as the highest authority, the General Court which is actually the renamed Court of First Instance, and specialized courts that replaced the judicial panels. The second category includes changes that expand the jurisdiction of the Court to certain new areas owing to the abolition of the former EU pillar structure and the dissolution of the European Community. On such a basis, an integration of court jurisdiction regarding the first and third pillar ensued, as the Court of Justice was vested with general and compulsory jurisdiction over the entire law created in the newly established area of freedom, security and justice. The exception is the area of common foreign and security policy, in which the Court's jurisdiction still remains excluded. The third type of amendment extends the scope of judicial reviews of the validity of acts adopted by EU institutions and enables authorized subjects an easier access to the Court. Their aim is to strengthen the rule of law within the legal system of

  8. Judicial fiats and contemporary enclosures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thayyil Naveen

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the problematic processes in a case that has had few parallels in Indian judicial history. The apex court in T. N. Godavarman took upon the responsibility of deciding how forest resources in the country should be accessed and who is (or is not to have such access. Purportedly done to protect the environment, through the ′clarification and fine-tuning′ of national forest-laws, the case has seriously affected the life, livelihood, and habitat of millions of marginal groups. Recent trends demonstrate the wider trend of constitutional courts assuming the roles of adjudication, administration and legislation, all rolled into one, whereby they become problematic sites for creating a hierarchy of conflicting public interests, which claim constitutional validity from different vantage points. Thus, constitutional values of ′protection of environment′ and ′justice - social, political and economic′ ′are pitted against each other′ where unelected courts take it upon themselves to define the legitimate precincts of the theoretical discourse of sustainable use / development; and importantly also implement it into ′everyday′ ′reality, in the way it feels fit′. The article seeks to make sense of this contemporary process of forest governance.

  9. Kassel Administrative Court. Decision of September 17, 1982 ('Frankenberg-Wangershausen')

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    By court order of September 17, 1982, the Kassel Administrative Court settled upon an application put forth by a group within the town council of Marburg in Hesse, stating their wish that the management and finance committee become active in the refusal of a building permit for a reprocessing plant planned to be constructed at a distance of 30 km as the crow flies. The Administrative Court rejected the application because of the absence of a legal basis for becoming thus active. It stated that the kind of activity applied for was not the business of the community and that it is not, under local law, within the field of activities of the town council. (WB) [de

  10. The judicialization of territorial politics in Brazil, Colombia and Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helder Ferreira do Vale

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available This article explains how judicial review influences intergovernmental political dynamics in Brazil, Colombia and Spain. The argument is developed in light of two questions: how supreme courts have established themselves as pivotal institutions for settling vertical intergovernmental disputes, and how national and subnational politicians use judicial review in order to enhance their own interests. A comparison between the judicial review processes in federal Brazil, quasi-federal Spain, and unitary Colombia provides an answer to these questions. Accounting for the differences in the territorial organization and systems of government among these countries, the article assesses the patterns of judicial review originating from the subnational level. Findings suggest that courts affect the interaction between national and subnational politicians in the three country-cases, but through different patterns of judicialization of territorial politics.

  11. Judicial Review and Political Partisanship

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Garoupaa, Nuno; Grembi, Veronica

    2015-01-01

    Due to the collapse of the party system during the mid-nineties, Italy represents an interesting case study to test the effects of a transition from a consensual to a majoritarian model of democracy on judicial behavior at the level of the Constitutional Court. Using a dataset of 972 cases...... of substantive judicial review (ricorsi in via principale) from 1985 to 2005, and proposing new measures of political alignment within constitutional review, we analyze the effect of a change in the political party system on judicial behavior. Our results show that political alignment is a stronger predictor...... of judicial decision making under majoritarian than consensual model of democracy....

  12. Public Litigation and the Concept of “Deference” in Judicial Review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abraham Klaasen

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The Constitutional Court is the highest court in all constitutional matters and thus decides appeals from other courts in disputes involving natural and juristic persons and the state, including criminal matters, if the matter is a constitutional matter or an issue connected with a decision on a constitutional matter. The Court may hear any matter, if the Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal because the matter raises an arguable point of law of general public importance that ought to be considered by that court. The Constitution makes it clear that courts are independent and subject only to the Constitution and the law. All persons to whom and organs of state to which a court order or decision applies are bound by it. It is important that the courts employ a standard of judicial review that is compatible with constitutional principles and values. The Constitutional Court subscribes to a standard of “deference” in judicial review. This principle recognises the need to protect the institutional character of each of the three arms of government in a manner that will prevent their ability to discharge their constitutional role being undermined. The principle of deference concerns the function of the judge in mediating between the law and legislative and executive politics. Around the world, litigation or judicial review has become immensely popular as a treatment for the pains of modern governance. South Africa is no exception to this phenomenon. This activism by litigation consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental change, or stasis. Organisations and individuals often disregard or distrust the political process and approach the courts to advance their own interest and to protect their own rights. Litigants seek to enforce constitutional principles and values that affect others as directly as them and that are valued for moral or political reasons and are independent of economic

  13. Does Judge Turnover Affect Judicial Performance?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Guerra, Alice; Tagliapietra, Claudio

    2017-01-01

    office to another after three years of mandate, and the law prescribes their transfer after ten years to guarantee their independence. Flaws in the process managing the backlog of outbound judges and the existence of asynchrony between outbound and inbound transfers produce a chain of delays...... to the disposition of court cases. Using a novel dataset on Court of Appeal Districts in Italy (2008–2012), we provide evidence of a strong negative relation between high turnover rates and judicial performance. We find that marginal increases in judge turnover rates lead to a statistically significant decrease...... in judicial performance over two years of time...

  14. 28 CFR 68.57 - Judicial review of the final agency order of an Administrative Law Judge in cases arising under...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review of the final agency order of an Administrative Law Judge in cases arising under section 274B. 68.57 Section 68.57 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS...

  15. National Courts and EU Law

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    approaches and theories originating from law, political science, sociology and economics. The first section addresses issues relating to judicial dialogue and EU legal mandates, the second looks at the topic of EU law in national courts and the third considers national courts’ roles in protecting fundamental......, National Courts and EU Law will hold strong appeal for scholars and students in the fields of EU law, social sciences and humanities. It will also be of use to legal practitioners interested in the issue of judicial application of EU law....

  16. Superior Administrative Court of Lueneburg, judgement of January 20, 1982 ('Kruemmel')

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    The appeal judgment of January 20, 1982 of the Lueneburg Superior Administrative Court partly rescinded the decision of the Administrative Court of Sept. 2, 1976, which dismissed the action against the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd partial licence for Kruemmel nuclear power plant. The first partial licence cannot be appealed against for lack of right of action. As to the action against the second, appeal is justified in that there are defects in terms of law in the approval of the conceptual design. The Court first theoretically explains the legal status and legal effect of a licence in approval of the conceptual design. The judgment then states among others that the apellant's appeal against this approval comprised in the 2nd partial licence is to be accepted although the 2nd partial licence as a whole is to be regarded as incontestable, and no preclusion being created according to section 3 of the Nuclear Installations Ordinance or section 7b of the Atomic Energy Act. The Court in its decision also discusses the relevant time at which a court decision has been taken (last administrative decision), and with the legal protection of third parties' rights as comprised in section 7, sub-section (2), no. 3 of the Atomic Energy Act. (HP) [de

  17. How do the Constitutional Courts decide?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pasquale Pasquino

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to explore the mode of production of judicial sentences drafted by constitutional courts in Europe. The natural object of study of the constitutional theory is the analysis of this final product of judicial creation of Law by Constitutional Courts. However, the doctrine has not given sufficient attention –from a comparative law perspective– to the mechanisms and procedures that lead to the decisions of these institutions. Thus, this document will classify the different types of decision-making processes in the courts, analyzing the stages that make up the «mode of production», from the study of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Constitutional Council of the French Republic, The Constitutional Court of Italy and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. At the end of the paper, some conclusions are made about the period of the magistrates, their party affiliation, the temporary restrictions of deliberation and institutional factors such as the number of attendees or the personalization of its members.

  18. 1. Partial licence (new) for the Muelheim-Kaerlich reactor. BVG (German Federal Administrative Court), decision of 14. January 1998, Az.: 11 C 13.96

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The matter to be decided by the BVG, the highest administrative court of Germany, was the competence of the licensing authority for risk assessment in the licensing procedure and its duty to perform risk assessment with reference to current state of the art in nuclear science and technology, in compliance with the Atomic Energy Act, section 7, sub-section 2, No. 3. Performance of risk assessment falling short of the requirements of the Atomic Energy Act is a cause for rescission of an operating licence or partial licence. This was the cause presented by complaining parties in legal proceedings at a lower court, referring to deficits in terms of technology (seismic risks assessment), and in terms of law. The partial construction licence was repealed by the lower court. The BVG court had to perform judicial review of an appeal logded by the reactor operators from the judgment passed by the lower court and relates exclusively to aspects of substantive law, as the Atomic Energy Act attributes priority of competence for decisions about technological aspects and contents of reactor licences to the licensing authority. The BVG dismissed the appeal for absence of defects in substantive law; the decision is non-appealable. (CB) [de

  19. Stage-by-stage licensing procedure, prevention of damage, control by administrative courts. Some comments on the Wyhl judgment of the Federal Administrative Court

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sellner, D.

    1986-01-01

    The author discusses the three main items of the Wyhl judgment of the Federal Administrative Court, of December 19, 1985 - 7C65/82, which are likely to set trends. The judgment clarifies the function of the socalled preliminary approval of the concept and its delimitation to the preliminary partial licence. According to the judgment, the first is a licensing requirement in substantial law. Precaution for preventing damage according to sec. 7, sub-sec (2) No. 3 Atomic Energy Act is regarded by the Court not as a prevention of hazards, but as the obligation to take every precaution to prevent damage, i.e. types of damage have to be taken into account that cannot be excluded to develop to a real hazard or potential risk. The problem of extent of control by the administrative courts is solved by the approach based on the legal functions of competence and responsibility that are to be drawn from the principle of division of power. (HSCH) [de

  20. Explaining judicial corruption in the courts of Chile, Peru and Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santiago Basabe-Serrano

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available This article identifies the main variables that explain judicial corruption in Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. Improving the current methodological strategies used to measure judicial corruption and incorporating endogenous and exogenous variables in the model, this article argues that legal training of the judges, respect for the judicial career, and the fragmentation of political power explain different degrees of judicial corruption. Through a comparative diachronic and synchronic research design of Chile, Peru and Ecuador, the article shows institutional designs with more legal steps will be more inclined to illegal payments or other types of judicial corruption.

  1. MACEDONIAN ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIAL SYSTEM FOR SOLVING ADMINISTRATIVE DISPUTES COMPARABLE TO EUROPEAN SYSTEMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sladjana Eftimova

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The structure of the legal system, through history until today mostly depends on law and policy which is conducted by the country. In European countries, there is position for historical and cultural conceptions for administrative judicature, differences and similarity that leave mark for solving administrative disputes. The obligation – an internal judicial reform to be established in legal system, is conducted by each of the countries after the breaking down and division of Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY due to following the European law for constitution of legitimacy and constitutionality of acts as well as implementing of independent administrative judicature. Analyze of the current condition regarding the independency and objectiveness of the judicature is necessary in our country and it is important to be seen how the conditions for working of the administrative judicature can be improved.

  2. The Control of the Legality of Administrative Activity through the Court of Justice of the European Union

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Goga Gina Livioara

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available According to the law of the European Union, in case one of the institutions of the Union or an organ, office or agency belonging to the Union refrains from making a decision, the member states and theother institutions of the Union are entitled to make a notification to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court has the competence to verify the legality of the legislative acts of the institutions, offices, organs or agencies of the Union that are meant to produce judicial effects towards third parties and iscompetent to pronounce itself, by preliminary decision regarding the interpretation of the treaties, namely the validity and interpretation of acts adopted by the institutions, offices, organs or agencies of the Union. Also, according to the primary treaties, any legal issues related to the non- fulfillment of the treaty’s provisions, non compliance with the community legislation, not executing the decisions of the Court of Justice or non compliance with the terms of an agreement between the EU and a third state, as well as the legal aspects related to the application of penalties based on the regulations of the EU, contractual and extra contractualliability are subordinated to the control of the Unions’ judicial instance.

  3. Internal and External Dialogue: A Method for Quality Court Management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie Hagsgård

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of quality court work is to maintain or improve public trust in the court as a vital part of a democratic society. Public confidence in the judicial system is affected by a number of factors, including speedy and judicially correct decisions which are generally understandable and a good treatment of parties and witnesses before and during court proceedings. In order to uphold and enhance public trust, courts need to work systematically to improve the quality of court functioning. But questions remain regarding how to institute quality court management, and how to achieve positive results. Although court managers in Sweden have shown an interest in starting systematic quality work, they have found it difficult to find a method for such work and systematically achieving results.

  4. Muelheim-Kaerlich nuclear power station. Federal Administrative Court: Decision of March 4, 1992, ref. no. BVerwG 7 B 93.91, lower instance: Higher Administrative Court of Rheinland-Pfalz, ref. no. OVG 7 C 11749/90

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1992-01-01

    The Federal Administrative Court sustained the objection to nonadmission lodged by the public company RWE Energie AG after the Higher Administrative Court in Koblenz had rejected the appeal against its judgement (new first partial licence). Under paragraph 132 sec. 2 no. 1 of the Rules of the Administrative Court the appeal has to be granted. (HP) [de

  5. POLITIK HUKUM JUDICIAL REVIEW DI INDONESIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kartono Kartono

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Although Indonesia judicial review system is not opens the possibility of regulations review under the act against the constitution, das sollen pracitically these conditions may still occur. From political of law the legal authority of constitutional court should be able to put the interests of citizens rights that are based on the principles of recognition, guarantees, protection and legal certainty of a fair and equal treatment before the law. Given that changes in the constitution can not be done easily, then the judicial review in UUD 1945 should not be formulated too limitedly that restricting the organic law to complete and explore the authority that is adaptable to any concrete problem. Keywords: politics of law, constitutional court, UUD 1945, limitedly.

  6. Can Courts Make Federalism Work? A Game Theory Approach to Court-Induced Compliance and Defection in Federal Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gemma Sala

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Few studies on federalism analyze the role of courts as safeguards of the federal arrangement, and those that do tend to be too optimistic about what courts can do. This article analyzes the effect of judicial review on the interaction between the central and a regional government in a federation in order to understand the conditions under which courts may or may not enforce compliance with federalism. It argues that politicians of either level of government anticipate the likelihood of a judicial challenge and an eventual veto, and it finds distinct equilibria in the interaction between central and regional governments (imposition, auto-limitation, negotiation and litigation. Only under auto-limitation do courts effectively prevent transgressions to the federal arrangement. In all other scenarios, defection may take place despite the presence of courts. These findings show that as the court’s jurisprudence becomes more solid and defined, the chances for governments to successfully exceed their powers increase. Not only do transgressions take place despite the presence of the court, but because of it.

  7. Legal remedies in the proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radivojević Zoran

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Legal remedies applied in the proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union have some distinctive features as compared to the legal remedies used in the national judicial systems. At first, the communitarian justice system originally did not envisage the possibility of filing an appeal with this Court as a regular legal remedy but there were other remedies that could be pursued in respect of the judgments issued by the Court. After the establishment of the Court of First Instance, the Procedural Law of the European Union introduced the possibility of filing an appeal with the Court of Justice against the judgments of the Court of First Instance. Later, the Court of First Instance became competent to decide on appeals against the judgments rendered by the judicial panels, which were established in the meantime. The Court of First Instance and judicial panels reserved the possibility of using other legal remedies against the final decisions rendered by these judicial authorities. In this respect, the Lisbon Treaty did not bring any significant changes, except that the Court of First Instance was renamed into the General Court whereas the judicial panels were designated as specialized courts. Taking into account the system of legal remedies recognized by the Procedural Law of the European Union, the first part of the paper deals with appeals as a regular legal instrument for bringing the case before a higher instance court which is to review the judgment of a lower instance court, including appeals against the decisions of the General Court and specialized courts. In the second part of the paper, the authors focus on the legal remedies which are awarded by the same court that issued the judgment. This category includes the application of a third party and revision, which may be considered as extraordinary legal remedies, as well as the objection against the judgment by default, judgment interpretation, judgment rectification and

  8. Debatable questions of the lawyer’s responsibilities definition in the court: the foreign doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Тетяна Борисівна Вільчик

    2016-01-01

    Conclusion. The conducted analysis of judicial decisions and scientific points of view leads to the following conclusions: 1 The legal status of lawyers is characterized by the fact that as participants in the proceedings, they take part together with the judges in the administration of justice. 2 Lawyers are an integral part of the administration of justice. 3 Lawyers should promote the efficient use of limited resources of the court. 4 The advocate’s duties in front of the court are of paramount importance and must be fulfilled even if a client gives a lawyer the opposite order. 5 Advocates should inform their client in time that their duty in front to the court is of paramount importance for the lawyer. 6 The lawyer’s duties include calling of the judge’s attention to any mistakes that he perhaps made. 7 Advocates should guide clients in litigation in the interests of promoting public confidence in the administration of justice

  9. Constitutional and administrative paradigms in judicial control over EU high and low politics

    OpenAIRE

    Cebulak Pola

    2017-01-01

    This article explores the particular tensions surrounding judicial review in EU external relations. The tensions are classified using a two-dimensional framework. Firstly, a distinction based on policy domains of high and low politics, which is derived from constitutional theory, and external to the CJEU; and secondly a distinction based on legitimizing paradigms of administrative (EU as effective global actor) or constitutional (judicial review as guarantee of fundamental rights) in characte...

  10. Predicting judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: a Natural Language Processing perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nikolaos Aletras

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Recent advances in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning provide us with the tools to build predictive models that can be used to unveil patterns driving judicial decisions. This can be useful, for both lawyers and judges, as an assisting tool to rapidly identify cases and extract patterns which lead to certain decisions. This paper presents the first systematic study on predicting the outcome of cases tried by the European Court of Human Rights based solely on textual content. We formulate a binary classification task where the input of our classifiers is the textual content extracted from a case and the target output is the actual judgment as to whether there has been a violation of an article of the convention of human rights. Textual information is represented using contiguous word sequences, i.e., N-grams, and topics. Our models can predict the court’s decisions with a strong accuracy (79% on average. Our empirical analysis indicates that the formal facts of a case are the most important predictive factor. This is consistent with the theory of legal realism suggesting that judicial decision-making is significantly affected by the stimulus of the facts. We also observe that the topical content of a case is another important feature in this classification task and explore this relationship further by conducting a qualitative analysis.

  11. 8 CFR 1003.11 - Administrative control Immigration Courts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative control Immigration Courts. 1003.11 Section 1003.11 Aliens and Nationality EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GENERAL PROVISIONS EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW Office of the Chief Immigration Judge...

  12. NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO: O ALICERCE DO ATIVISMO JUDICIAL BRASILEIRO / NEOCONSTITUTIONALISM: THE FOUNDATION OF THE BRAZILIAN JUDICIAL ACTIVISM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Têmis Limberger

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available The proposed study is based on the jurisdictional action of the Courts when adopting positions that go against the current legislation and even the Constitutional text, making use of premises of the neoconstitutional doctrine, which deals with the concrete application of the Federal Constitution, in order to demonstrate the use of these parameters as basis or foundation for judicial decisions of activist nature, and specifically to point out the effects of the judgments of this nature. The insecurity caused by the res judicata that adopt the practices worked in this doctrine, denying what is in the Law and in the Constitution, justify the relevance of the research, which faces these problems in the light of Contemporary Juridical Hermeneutics. The research method was the bibliographic survey and the study of judicial decisions, with emphasis on TSE and STF. Thus, in general, the objective is to make it clear that in these cases there is a misconception of the Judiciary in the form of interpreting and deciding, and it specifically points out that the decisions of the Electoral Courts reach out as an instrument of judicial activism, which is strengthened by the Neoconstitutional doctrine.

  13. 42 CFR 8.34 - Court review of final administrative action; exhaustion of administrative remedies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for... Withdrawal of Approval of an Accreditation Body § 8.34 Court review of final administrative action...

  14. Judicial Separation and Divorce in the Circuit Court

    OpenAIRE

    O'Shea, Roisin

    2014-01-01

    While family law is not a unique subject matter for research, it is however, a much neglected area. What sets this work apart, is the significant volume of cases observed and analysed in the Circuit Court, in all 8 Circuits. Information was extrapolated to definitively answer the questions, that to date have been informed by anecdotal conjecture. The effects of a deep recession during the court research period, October 2008 to February 2012, highlighted the serious failings of an ...

  15. Judicial Capacity in a Transforming Legal System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugh Corder

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Given the perennial problem of lack of access to justice; the fact that there was no shortage of superior court judges until 1994; the demands on court process which flow directly from transition to the constitutional democratic system; and the urgent and justified necessity for the demographic transformation of judicial personnel, two challenges to the capacity of the judicial system present themselves in South Africa: Enlarging the number of suitable candidates for judicial appointment to redress the former demographic imbalance; and developing the kind of skills among those appointed as judges to be able to respond with confidence across a wide range of often complex legal issues; and developing a theory of judicial deference which observes the separation of powers and preserves judicial independence. This paper explores these challenges, after setting out the socio-political context, as it impacts directly on their nature and scope, and the prospects of meeting them.Debido al constante problema de la falta de acceso a la justicia, al hecho de que no hubo escasez de jueces de tribunales superiores hasta 1994, las demandas del proceso judicial que surgen directamente de la transición al sistema democrático constitucional, y la necesidad urgente y justificada de la transformación demográfica del personal judicial, el rendimiento judicial en Sudáfrica se encuentra con dos desafíos: Aumentar el número de candidatos aptos al nombramiento judicial para compensar el anterior desequilibrio demográfico y desarrollar en los jueces nombrados aquellas habilidades que les permitan responder con confianza a asuntos jurídicos a menudo complejos; y desarrollar una teoría de deferencia judicial que respete la separación de poderes y preserve la independencia judicial. Este artículo explora estos desafíos tras explicar el contexto sociopolítico, ya que éste afecta directamente a su naturaleza y alcance, y las probabilidades de que se superen

  16. The control density of the administrative courts with regard to nuclear licensing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deppe, V.

    1982-01-01

    A possibility does not exist to limit the extent of the activities of administrative courts with regard to the control of the nuclear license decision by a shifting of one part of the ultimate decision competence from the jurisdiction to the executive. The responsibility of the administrative courts which is established in the constitution gives them a comprehensive controlling function with regard to nuclear licensing. Their right of ultimate decision, which is established in the constitution, corresponds to a duty of ultimate decision, which is of paramount importance in such a fundamental law relevant area, as it is nuclear law. The legislator has to help the overburdened courts. The courts themselves are bound to their responsibility as it is laid down in the constitution and the Atomic Energy Act to guarantee legal protection so that any form of self-restraint is inadmissable. (orig./HSCH) [de

  17. 15 years of constitutional review in the Supreme Court of Estonia : systematized extracts of constitutional review judgments and rulings of the Supreme Court en banc and the Constitutional Review Chamber in 1993-2008 / Riigikohus ; toim. ja eess.: Ge

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2009-01-01

    Sisaldab ka: The outset of judicial constitutional review / Rait Maruste. Judicial constitutional review at the turn of the century / Uno Lõhmus. Judicial constitutional review through the eyes of Chancellor of Justice / Eerik-Juhan Truuväli. The courts and the Supreme Court in concrete norm control / Madis Ernits

  18. Judicialization of International Relations: Do International Courts Matter?

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Malíř, Jan

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 3, č. 3 (2013), s. 208-224 ISSN 1805-8396 Institutional support: RVO:68378122 Keywords : judicialization * international relations * legal and extralegal factors Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences

  19. Judicial action and technical risk

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buiren, S. van; Ballerstedt, E.; Grimm, D.

    1981-05-01

    In this study it is examined how the judiciary deals with those sections that are crucial for the use of nuclear energy. The authors get down to the pre-dominant problem of the law relating to technical safety. In the process they encounter the central dilemma of modern democracy, i.e. the strained relations which exist between judicial control and democratic responsibility. Since nuclear energy entered the market place, it has been the administrative courts which - in practice - have decided whether and to what extent nuclear energy may be used. On the one hand, this is a result of the fast growth of, and rapid change in, science and technology. On the other hand, it is a result of administrative law standards which have developed in the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II. The former requires the normative structure of the atomic law, the latter postulates how to deal with it. Legal protection against an act of public authority is guaranteed by the Basic Law and usually with some justification considered a splendid achievement of our state which is based on the rule of law. It has lead to developments in the atomic law and in many parts of the law relating to technical safety on which opinions are divided. In a dogmatic manner it has been legally examined to what extent an extensive review competence of the judiciary is a must, and whether there are any possibilities of judicial control of acts of public authorities without having to interfere with the original competence of administrations. (orig./HP) [de

  20. Activist Infighting among Courts and Breakdown of Mutual Trust?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Neergaard, Ulla; Sørensen, Karsten Engsig

    2017-01-01

    had itself created it out of nowhere. In turn this appeared to be an implicit reference to the widely criticized interpretative approach of the CJEU, resulting in a far-reaching willingness to espouse judicial activism. But in acting as it did, it seems ironic that the Danish Supreme Court itself......, in this article the judgments are analysed in depth and placed into their wider context. Among other matters, we have considered how the courts should strike a sensitive balance, which has to exist in the relationship between the national courts and the CJEU, requiring mutual trust or, at the least, judicial......In its combative Ajos judgment recently rendered by the Danish Supreme Court, the court openly and controversially challenged the authority of the CJEU. By the same token, in the preliminary ruling by the CJEU preceding it, the CJEU had continued to develop the controversial general principle...

  1. Italian Microhistory, anthropology and judicial archives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eulalia Hernández Ciro

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available From the interceptions between the Italian microhistory and anthropology, this article aims to provide a central debate of contemporary historiography account of popular culture and subaltern classes from the intensive and exhaustive judicial proceedings. To do this, some of the impacts of anthropology will be addressed in the historical work, as the appearance and questioning notion of popular culture, the ethnographic value of court files and finally, some possibilities in the case of Judicial Historical Archive of Medellin.

  2. Reassessing Judicial Independence and Impartiality against the Backdrop of Judicial Appointments in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Koos Malan

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The South African Judicial Service Commission (JSC, considered to be exemplary for its independence, plays a pivotal part in judicial appointments. Yet the Commission has long been marred by tensions that have lately erupted into a full-blown conflict between those who could here be referred to as the transformationists, on the one hand, and the liberals, on the other. The transformationists, who may generally be regarded as falling within the sphere of influence of the ruling elite under the African National Congress (ANC, are bent on pursuing the policy of transformation. Hence they insist that the composition of the bench must reflect the national population profile and on individual judges' pursuing the ruling party's ideological goals. The liberals reject this as a threat to judicial independence and the professional competence of the judiciary. On close analysis the clash is based on incompatible interpretations of judicial independence and impartiality. This article is a critique of these interpretations against the backdrop of an assessment of what these notions can reasonably be expected to achieve. It is argued that the liberals are harbouring unrealistic views about judiciaries, believing them to wield power which may even extend over matters of political significance, powers on a par with or even outweighing those of the political branches. However, on proper analysis it is clear that the judiciary is in fact, firstly, inherently weak and dependent on the support of the political branches; and, secondly, it is integrated into the ruling elite with whom they share the same ideological assumptions without any inclination to oppose them. Hence, the impartiality of the courts, when it comes to politically sensitive issues, is distinctively politically (regime relative and ideologically conditioned. Ironically the transformationists have bought into the liberals' erroneous belief in the potency of the courts (in the above-mentioned sense

  3. 30 CFR 775.13 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SURFACE COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION OPERATIONS PERMITS AND COAL EXPLORATION SYSTEMS UNDER REGULATORY PROGRAMS... to judicial review by a court of competent jurisdiction, as provided for in the State program, but...

  4. 78 FR 14017 - Courts of Indian Offenses

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-04

    ... process of establishing, tribal courts; and are therefore no longer in need of an extra-tribal judicial... Health Hospital, and the Albuquerque Indian School Property (land held in trust for the 19 Pueblos of New... have courts to administer justice on land under their jurisdiction. Prior notice and comment are...

  5. Federal Administrative Court, judgement of December 17, 1986 (nuclear power station at international border)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1987-01-01

    In its decision of December 17, 1986, the Federal Administrative Court accepted the right of action of Dutch borderers against an atomic licence for a German nuclear power plant. The necessary involvement according to sec. 42 Paragraph 2 of the Administrative Court Procedure Act results from the violation of the third party protection provision in sec. 7 Atomic Energy Act. (WG) [de

  6. “Deference” in Judicial Review

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    MJM Venter

    The Constitutional Court subscribes to a standard of "deference" in judicial review.1. The principle of deference concerns the function of the judge in mediating between the law and legislative and executive politics. The principle recognises the need to protect the institutional character of each of the three arms of ...

  7. Original jurisdiction of the Superior Administrative Court for litigation on licensing of large-scale commercial plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ule, C.H.

    1983-01-01

    Proceeding from the suggestion of the Bundesrat (Deutscher Bundestag, Document 9/1851) concerning the draft of Rules of the Administrative Courts (VwGO), according to which original jurisdiction of the Higher Administrative Court (OVG) is to be introducing legel actions concerning the licensing of large scale installations in the field of energy, the author points out the now existing regulations and former ones in administrative jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction by which legal protection is limited to a court of first instance which is competent for fact-finding (e.g. sec. 138 Para. 1 Act of compulsory consolidation of the boundaries of land (FlurbG), sec. 47 Rules of the Administrative Courts (VwGO), sections 24 Para. 1 No. 3, 74 Para. 1 p. 2 Judicature Act (GVG). He tries to transfer the idea of accelerating legal procedure from the model of the Criminal Court in criminal jurisdiction to administrative jurisdiction. Finally, the author examines the question whether cutting down the length of proceedings is really necessary, or if the same result could be reached by making an appeal subject to special admission. (HP) [de

  8. 5 CFR 1201.127 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... PROCEDURES Procedures for Original Jurisdiction Cases Special Counsel Disciplinary Actions § 1201.127 Judicial review. (a) An employee subject to a final Board decision imposing disciplinary action under 5 U.S... appropriate United States district court. 5 U.S.C. 1508. Special Counsel Corrective Actions ...

  9. Introduction. National Courts vis-à-vis EU Law

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mayoral, Juan A.; Wind, Marlene

    2016-01-01

    National Courts and EU Law examines both how and why national courts and judges are involved in the process of legal integration within the European Union. As well as reviewing conventional thinking, the book presents new legal and empirical insights into the issue of judicial behaviour...

  10. 16 CFR 1502.44 - Review by the courts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Review by the courts. 1502.44 Section 1502.44 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT REGULATIONS PROCEDURES FOR FORMAL EVIDENTIARY PUBLIC HEARING Judicial Review § 1502.44 Review by the courts...

  11. Separate and Unequal: Judicial Culture, Employment Qualifications and Muslim Headscarf Debates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joyce Marie Mushaben

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Few European lawmakers have analyzed the implications of Muslim headscarf bans for equal employment opportunity. EU anti-discrimination directives suggest that contradictory member-state approaches will eventually invoke a judicial Community response at national expense. Drawing on the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ standard, this study compares the “judicial cultures” of the U.S. Supreme Court, the German Constitutional Court, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR and the European Court of Justice (ECJ. It argues that while the ECJ initially invoked Roman law precepts shared by a majority of its member-states through the 1980s, it has come to embrace Anglo-American norms stressing individual freedoms over state interests. Given their strong support for equal treatment and social inclusion, EU justices will be more likely than member-state or ECHR judges to overturn existing bans on hejab at the workplace, once such a case makes its way onto the ECJ docket.

  12. 19 CFR 141.14 - Deceased or insolvent consignees and court-appointed administrators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deceased or insolvent consignees and court-appointed administrators. 141.14 Section 141.14 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION... administrators. The executor or administrator of the estate of a deceased consignee, the receiver or other legal...

  13. Medication assisted treatment in US drug courts: results from a nationwide survey of availability, barriers and attitudes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matusow, Harlan; Dickman, Samuel L; Rich, Josiah D; Fong, Chunki; Dumont, Dora M; Hardin, Carolyn; Marlowe, Douglas; Rosenblum, Andrew

    2013-01-01

    Drug treatment courts are an increasingly important tool in reducing the census of those incarcerated for non-violent drug offenses; medication assisted treatment (MAT) is proven to be an effective treatment for opioid addiction. However, little is known about the availability of and barriers to MAT provision for opioid-addicted people under drug court jurisdiction. Using an online survey, we assessed availability, barriers, and need for MAT (especially agonist medication) for opioid addiction in drug courts. Ninety-eight percent reported opioid-addicted participants, and 47% offered agonist medication (56% for all MAT including naltrexone). Barriers included cost and court policy. Responses revealed significant uncertainty, especially among non-MAT providing courts. Political, judicial and administrative opposition appear to affect MAT's inconsistent use and availability in drug court settings. These data suggest that a substantial, targeted educational initiative is needed to increase awareness of the treatment and criminal justice benefits of MAT in the drug courts. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Judicial autopsy of radiation accidents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kannan, P.M.

    1990-01-01

    This paper discusses issues regarding the judicial autopsy of radiation accidents. In the litigation which follows a radiation accident, a claimant calls on the legal system to adjudicate a dispute. Scientific questions are thrust upon the court. The legal system (through attorneys for the parties) then invites scientists to assist the court in resolving such questions. The invitation, however, does not allow the scientist to bring along his full kit. Experimentation, such as repeating the accident with dosimeters to gather more accurate data, is generally not allowed. Also, the scientist must give up his practice of choosing which questions he will pursue

  15. THE EXECUTION INSTANCE OF THE JUDICIAL JUDGEMENTS SENTENCED IN THE LITIGATIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTENTIOUS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ADRIANA ELENA BELU

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The instance which solved the fund of the litigation rising from an administrative contract differs depending on the material competence sanctioned by law, in contrast to the subject of the commercial law where the execution instance is the court. In this matter the High Court stated in a decision1 that in a first case the competence of solving the legal contest against the proper forced execution and of the legal contest that has in view the explanation of the meaning of spreading and applying the enforceable title which does not proceed from a jurisdiction organ is in the authority of the court. The Law of the Administrative Contentious no 554/2004 defines in Article 2 paragraph 1 letter t the notion of execution instance, providing that this is the instance which solved the fund of the litigation of administrative contentious, so even in the case of the administrative contracts the execution instance is the one which solved the litigation rising from the contract. Corroborating this disposal with the ones existing in articles 22 and 25 in the Law, it can be shown that no matter the instance which decision is an enforceable title, the execution of the law will be done by the instance which solved the fund of the litigation regarding the administrative contentious.

  16. 5 CFR 837.803 - Cancellation of retirement by judicial or administrative authority.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... Canceled Retirements § 837.803 Cancellation of retirement by judicial or administrative authority. (a... may only be canceled by the former employing agency in response to a direct and final order of a... requiring cancellation of the annuitant's separation or after the annuitant and the agency agree to cancel...

  17. 20 CFR 405.501 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Judicial review. 405.501 Section 405.501 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Judicial Review § 405.501 Judicial review. You may file an action in a Federal district...

  18. Existing knowledge in science and technology as subject of judicial establishment of facts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Czajika, D.

    1982-02-01

    The problems facing administrative courts in determining 'existing knowledge in science and technology' (No. 3 of paragraph 2 of sect. 7 of the Atomic Energy Law) cannot be solved by limiting the judicial establishment of facts. According to established law, in procedural or substantive law there is no foundation for doing so. Limits to this establishment of facts do result from the nature of the scientific process of understanding, which very often allows but the establishment of 'margins' pertaining to scientific opinions.

  19. DRUG COURTS: Better DOJ Data Collection and Evaluation Efforts Needed to Measure Impact of Drug Court Programs

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    2002-01-01

    .... Under this concept, in exchange for the possibility of dismissed charges or reduced sentences, defendants are diverted to drug court programs in various ways and at various stages in the judicial process...

  20. 44 CFR 6.57 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 6.57 Section 6.57 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... District Court in which the requestor resides or has his or her principal place of business or in which the...

  1. Administrative bias in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E S Nwauche

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available This article reviews the interpretation of section 6(2(aii of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act which makes an administrator “biased or reasonably suspected of bias” a ground of judicial review. In this regard, the paper reviews the determination of administrative bias in South Africa especially highlighting the concept of institutional bias. The paper notes that inspite of the formulation of the bias ground of review the test for administrative bias is the reasonable apprehension test laid down in the case of President of South Africa v South African Rugby Football Union(2 which on close examination is not the same thing. Accordingly the paper urges an alternative interpretation that is based on the reasonable suspicion test enunciated in BTR Industries South Africa (Pty Ltd v Metal and Allied Workers Union and R v Roberts. Within this context, the paper constructs a model for interpreting the bias ground of review that combines the reasonable suspicion test as interpreted in BTR Industries and R v Roberts, the possibility of the waiver of administrative bias, the curative mechanism of administrative appeal as well as some level of judicial review exemplified by the jurisprudence of article 6(1 of the European Convention of Human Rights, especially in the light of the contemplation of the South African Magistrate Court as a jurisdictional route of judicial review.

  2. Considerations about an administrative ''margin of prognosis''

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tettinger, P.J.

    1982-01-01

    The investigation is concerned with the limitations of certain judicial concepts, and the descretion of the appropriate administrative authorities to interpret them, especially in the area of necessary precautionary measures with regard to nuclear power plants safety. Thereby the question arises, whether by interpreting undefined judicial concepts (such as ''the status of science and technology'', e.g. section 1 sub-section 2, number 3 of the Atomic Energy Law), administrative authorities should be given a flexible margin of judgement which could not be examined, by the administrative courts, especially in view of risk analysis and risk assessments. Diverging opinions in legal literature and the administration of justice will be presented and critically analyzed. The author argues for an integral administrative procedure. Controlling the licensing of nuclear power plants, which - if need be - should only be limited by a ''plausibility control'' in cases where several security-safety related technical solutions appear acceptable. (WBI) [de

  3. El uso de la información judicial (The use of judicial information

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Volkmar Gessner

    2011-02-01

    . Although empirical data on courts and judicial systems are frequently discussed in comparative as well as in economic and sociological studies it turns out that the actors of court reform projects such as judges, law professors, civil servants or politicians don’t make adequate use of them. The paper posits that the reasons are of a structural nature which assigns different social roles to those actors. One solution may be the creation of specialized research institutions. A much wider, more pluralistic and more democratic approach is internet transparency which gives access to all kinds of documents including court statistics and empiricial studies to the general public. In order to get an impression of the practice of court transparency a large number of court websites were visited and ranged according to their content. The top positions reached only some anglosaxon and us-american websites which offer legal, economic, organizational as well as empirical information and even offer assistance for using the data. Those efforts may still not reach their purpose if the information isn’t recalled. In order to measure the actual use of the contents of court websites it is insufficient to count the visits. One needs to know more about the concerns leading to those visits. Fortunately, we have found one (Mexican website which offers information about the visitors: their concerns, their “story” and even their names and (sometimes place of residence. These petititions have been carefully evaluated and are discussed in the article. It turns out that empirical information about courts and judicial practices is in high demand. Internet transparency seems to be successful although the best forms of offering information still have to be found. Download this paper from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1837314

  4. First experience of programming a court decision

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergey B. Polyakov

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective Consideration of the computer program model for making a lawful and wellgrounded judicial act in order to reduce the times for making the court decision. Methods universal dialecticmaterialistic method which removes the contradictions of the professional training of judges and procedural controls the formal legal method for transferring the requirements of the law and jurisprudence for the lawenforcement activity into programs for judges and case participants the objectoriented modeling objectoriented programming methodology. Results a computer program was created that allows to adjudicate in a civil case if the claim is recognized by the defendant. The program does not resolve the judge from the decisionmaking process but creates conditions to move along the stages of lawenforcement procedure and legal reasoning in accordance with the requirements of the law and of legal science. Therefore filling forms manually in the trial should be simultaneous with writing the decision judgment sentence assessment. The program includes the following sections preparation of forms common to certain types of proceedings certain categories of cases courts in the above forms determination of the order to establish the actual circumstances the burden of proof distribution types of evidence methods of law interpretation characteristics of collisions and gaps in legislation and ways to overcome them the standard wording in the judicial act templates and in the forms mandatory and optional information in the form. Based on the above the article concludes that by analogy with the presented program it is possible to create software for making a lawful wellgrounded and fair judicial act for other categories of cases and as a consequence to reduce the period of making judicial decisions. Scientific novelty the first computer program is created for rendering and production of judicial decisions. Practical significance the model is made to create a mass tool of

  5. Constitutional Court's Crisis Management of Akil Mochtar's Case

    OpenAIRE

    Uli Mediana, Cipta; Naryoso, S.Sos, M.Si, Agus

    2016-01-01

    The Constitutional Court is one of the state institutions that conduct independent judicial power to hold a court in order to enforce law and justice in Indonesia that became a proof of state agencies was also not spared from the crisis. The Chairman of the Constitutional Court in 2013, Akil Mochtar caught red-handed by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly receiving bribe money for handling election disputes Gunung Mas, Central Kalimantan and elections Lebak, Banten. Sinc...

  6. Abortion, sexual abuse and medical control: the Argentinian Supreme Court decision on F., A.L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Eugenia Monte

    Full Text Available Abstract In Argentina, during the 2000s but increasingly since 2005 up to 2016, women and feminist´s organizations and lawyers disputed over the abortion juridical regulation at Courts facing conservative resistances. These disputes could be located in a broader process of judicialization of the socio-political conflict over abortion. The Argentinian Supreme Court took a decision over one of these judicial processes on March 13th, 2012, F., A.L. This paper analyses the Argentinian Supreme Court decision on F., A.L. regarding non-punishable abortion boundaries, medical and judicial practices and, specifically, sexual abuse and medical control. It also analyses its material effects on a subsequent struggle and judgment in the province of Córdoba.

  7. 28 CFR 71.42 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 71.42 Section 71.42....42 Judicial review. Section 3805 of title 31, United States Code, authorizes judicial review by an... assessments under this part and specifies the procedures for such review. ...

  8. 14 CFR 406.179 - Judicial review of a final decision and order.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... order. 406.179 Section 406.179 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION... with a United States district court. (b) In accordance with § 406.9(e)(iv), if a person seeks judicial... civil penalty and does not file an appeal with the United States district court within 60 days after...

  9. "Woman's Place" in the Constitution: The Supreme Court and Gender Discrimination

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levin, Betsy

    1975-01-01

    Article discussed the Supreme Court's response to constitutional attacks from state and federal laws on women's rights, the judicial treatment of racially-based discrimination versus that of gender-based discrimination, and the most recent Supreme Court decisions on gender-based discrimination. (Author/RK)

  10. Corresponding control of the administration - procedural development and deadlocks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Breuer, R.

    1980-01-01

    The author proceeds from a decision of the Higher Administrative Court of Lueneburg of February 2, 1979 which limits the execution of a partial construction permit for a nuclear power plant to the extent that 'the approved plant components may and will only be used under certain conditions'. He critically reflects on the development of administrative legal protection. In principle, corresponding control of the administration leads to a latent change in the function of appeals aiming at cassation. As a rule, this is not against the law, since sect. 80 of the VwGO acknowledges 'individual interim regulations'. In this case it is a condition of a cancelling nature. The discussion of acknowledged and problematic cases of judicial decisions made under certain conditions is followed by the explanation that the Higher Administrative Court of Lueneburg has delegated the decision which is incumbent upon the Court to the Commission on Reactor Safety. Such a delegation of jurisdiction is contradictory to the constitutional postulate of Art. 19/IV and 91 of the Basic Law. (HSCH) [de

  11. Juristocracy in Brazil Ran Hirschl's Perspective About Judicial Empowerment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Maria Barbosa

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Within the classical view of separation of powers, the judiciary originally occupied the weaker position. What is observed today, however, is a displacement of power from representative institutions to the judiciary, erecting a new kind of political regime that the Canadian political scientist Ran Hirschl called juristocracy. This paper intends to discuss this movement basing on the idea of hegemonic preservation, presented by Hirschl in his work Towards Juristocracy whose central hypothesis is that the political, economic and social elites voluntarily transfer power to the judiciary, when threatened of losing their hegemony in the political sphere. In Brazil, the 1988 Constitution turned the Supreme Court into one of the world's most powerful courts, which works at the same time as constitutional court, court of appeals and criminal court, responsible for deciding the most fundamental issues for brazilian society. We present at first, the examples used by Hirschl to illustrate his thesis about the judicial empowerment through constitutionalization, analyzing the political and economic changes in recent history of Israel, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, followed by an analysis of the phenomenon in Brazil. We conclude that it is not possible to determine, in principle, the occurrence of hegemonic preservation in Brazil, but that Hirschl's analysis that offers an answer that challenges the traditional view on the judicialization of politics, contributes to the discussion and analysis of the phenomenon in Brazil.

  12. Federal Administrative Court dismisses action of a nuclear power opponent against Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    With its decision of April 30, 1980 - BVerwG 7 C 88.79-, the Federal Administrative Court has dismissed an appeal against the decision of the Bavarian Administrative Court, in which the plaintiff's action had been dismissed. The cost of the appeal suit will be paid by the plaintiff. The value in litigation was set at DM 20,000 for the appeal proceedings. The grounds for the decision are given in full wording. (orig./HP) [de

  13. CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN LATIN AMERICAN ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Perlingeiro

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This study consists of a critical comparative analysis of the administrative justice systems in eighteen Latin-American signatory countries of the American Convention on Human Rights (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Uruguay, and Venezuela. According to this article, the excessive litigation in Latin-American courts that has seriously hampered the effectiveness of the administrative justice systems may be explained as follows: as former Iberian colonies, the aforementioned countries have a Continental European legal culture originating in civil law but nevertheless have improperly integrated certain aspects of the unified judicial system (generalized courts typical of administrative law in common-law countries. This situation, according to the author, could be rectified through strengthening the public administrative authorities with respect to their dispute-resolution and purely executive functions by endowing them with prerogatives to act independently and impartially, oriented by the principle of legality understood in the sense of supremacy of fundamental rights, in light of the doctrine of diffuse conventionality control adopted by the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights.

  14. Reasons for omission of enforcement of an administrative judge's verdict and means of legal protection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alen Rajko

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Besides general repercussions of an omission of enforcement of court decisions on the protection of the rights of the parties and on the functioning of the legal system, such an omission in the administrative dispute has additional implications, related primarily to the realization of the constitutional guarantee of judicial review of administrative decisions, the concept of separation of powers, construction of a democratic state, etc. After general considerations of the matter of enforcement of court decisions, the author analyzes the normative framework of the enforcement of judgments of the administrative courts, as well as the evolution of this framework, points out the open questions regarding mentioned regulation, as well as the means of legal protection in case of an omission of enforcement of the verdict.

  15. The nuclear power station verdicts in the Freiburg administrative court and the Wuerzburg administrative court in March 1977

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haeusler, D.

    1977-01-01

    The verdicts which followed in rapid sequence by the Freiburg Administrative Court on the 14th March 1977 in the dispute about the Wyhl nuclear power station, and by the 25th March concerning the dispute about the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear station have attracted special interest because of their controversial judgements on the requirement for a 'burst-protection'. But they also demonstrate in the further decisions and their bases that there are still many legal questions in atom law which have not yet been made absolutely clear. The author attemps to show points of agreement and of antithesis in the verdicts, and adopts an attitude. (orig.) [de

  16. 16 CFR 1502.11 - Judicial review after waiver of hearing on a regulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review after waiver of hearing on a regulation. 1502.11 Section 1502.11 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS... petition for judicial review in a U.S. court of appeals under the appropriate statute. (1) The record for...

  17. 44 CFR 62.22 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... of process for all judicial proceedings where a claimant is suing the Administrator of FEMA pursuant... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 62.22... ADJUSTMENT OF CLAIMS Claims Adjustment, Claims Appeals, and Judicial Review § 62.22 Judicial review. (a) Upon...

  18. سمات النظام القضائي الأمريكي ومبررات تشكيل المحكمة العليا عام 1789 U.S.A judicial system attributes and justification for the formation of the Supreme Court of 1789

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aasim Hakim Abbas Al-Jubouri عاصم حاكم عباس الجبوري

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Dealt with a lot of research and academic studies, some important joints of the history of the United States, social, economic, political and even judicial especially after independence in 1783 and stayed another ill-considered, such as, the American judicial system attributes and justifications for the formation of the Supreme Court, so we chose the theme (The judicial system attributes American and justification for the formation of the Supreme Court. That specify search features American judicial system and the rationale for the formation of the Supreme Court address and confined to an important part, has more than one meaning, including that these features have not been studied and show the extent of their impact on the overall US justice system and the role played by those features make the US justice system is unique from other other judicial systems, as well as so that the formation of the US Supreme Court, and that court has played the future of the US justice system, as it paved the way for him is set in center stage globally later. The Study was divided into two sections, taking the first section (the American judicial system attributes as was the highlight of the US judicial system attributes starting and ending with the previous judicial system of the jury system through the federal system of the United States, and the duplication of the court system in the United States, as tracing the historical roots of the evolution of the system juryAnd the mechanism of transition the American colonies with reference to the neglect of the Federal the Constitution Juryas well as a highlight in a briefly to federal system is United States, and duplication of court system in the United States and the Search section previous system of judicial, and what caused this system of significant impact on the American justiceAnd studied the second topic (formation of Supreme Court and their mechanism of action, and the Department of topic on several axes, as

  19. Home closure as a weapon in the Dutch war on drugs: Does judicial review function as a safety net?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bruijn, L Michelle; Vols, Michel; Brouwer, Jan G

    2018-01-01

    A widespread sense of a failing criminal justice system and increased feelings of insecurity changed the response to crime into a culture of control, which is characterized by policies that punish and exclude. In the Netherlands, these influences can be witnessed in the war on drugs where local authorities use their administrative power to close homes involved in drug-related crime. Citizens can invoke judicial review over these administrative interferences by claiming that such closure results in an unfair balance between purposes, means and consequences. This paper assesses whether judicial review functions as a safety net against losing one's home due to drug-related crime. We used doctrinal legal research methods to examine the "law in the books" and empirical legal research methods to analyse the "law in action". We used a survey to investigate how often the drug-related closure power was used in 2015, and we statistically analysed all published case law of Dutch lower courts between 2007 and 2016. The scope of the closure power broadened over the years and our data show that local authorities fiercely make use of this instrument. In 41.4% of the cases, citizens are successful in fighting the closure. While scholarly literature indicates that judicial courts function as safeguards by questioning the proportionality of administrative action, raising a proportionality defence does not necessarily result in a more favourable outcome for citizens. In fact, raising a proportionality defence makes it more likely to result in dismissal of the appeal. The stretched scope of the drug-related closure power together with the relatively low success rate of citizens who fight the loss of their home and a seemingly meaningless proportionality check show no sign of a safety net against the loss of one's home at the suit of a local authority. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. 40 CFR 179.125 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 179.125 Section 179... EVIDENTIARY PUBLIC HEARING Judicial Review § 179.125 Judicial review. (a) The Administrator's final decision... judicial review within the period ending on the 60th day after the date of the publication of the order...

  1. The privileges and immunities of international organizations in domestic courts

    CERN Document Server

    2013-01-01

    International organizations are increasingly operating across borders and engaging in legal transactions in virtually all jurisdictions. This makes, familiarity with the applicable law and practice imperative for both international organizations and those who engage in legal relations with them. Furthermore, the issue of whether, how, and to what extent domestic courts take into account decisions of foreign and international courts and tribunals in their own decision-making has become increasingly important in recent years. This book provides a comprehensive empirical study of this transnational judicial dialogue, focusing on the law and practice of domestic jurisdictions concerning the legal personality, privileges, and immunities of international organizations. It presents a selection of detailed country-by-country studies, examining the manner of judicial dialogue across domestic jurisdictions, and between national and international courts. The approach taken in this book intersects with three highly topi...

  2. Obrigheim nuclear power plant. Federal Administrative Court, judgement of June 7, 1991. BVerWG 7 C 43.90

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1991-01-01

    With its judgement the Federal Administrative Court has reversed the decision of the Administrative Court of Justice (VGH) Baden-Wuerttemberg from May 1990. Legally incorrect the VGH has assumed that the nuclear power station Obrigheim was in operation without necessary license as the second operating license was limited to a test run and the time past was to long for a test run. In the opinion of the Federal Administrative Court by giving a license for the test run without determinating a limit in time permanent operation is not definitively permitted, but it is permitted until the office takes a decision about the end of the test run. (orig.) [de

  3. 36 CFR 218.14 - Judicial proceedings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial proceedings. 218.14... ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESSES Predecisional Administrative Review Process for Hazardous Fuel Reduction Projects Authorized by the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 § 218.14 Judicial proceedings. The objection...

  4. The choices judges make - Court rulings, personal values, and legal constraints

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Hees, M.V.B.P.M; Steunenberg, B.

    In this paper we focus on the way in which courts affect public policy. We present a model of judicial behavior that combines insights from theories emphasizing the importance of policy preferences with those suggesting that courts are only motivated by formal-legal criteria. By embedding our model

  5. The Choices Judges Make: Court Rulings, Personal Values, and Legal Constraints

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Van Hees, Martin; Steunenberg, Bernard

    2000-01-01

    In this paper we focus on the way in which courts affect public policy. We present a model of judicial behavior that combines insights from theories emphasizing the importance of policy preferences with those suggesting that courts are only motivated by formal-legal criteria. By embedding our model

  6. Courts, Scheduled Damages, and Medical Malpractice Insurance

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bertoli, Paola; Grembi, Veronica

    We assess the impact of the introduction of schedules of non-economic damages (i.e. tiered caps systems) on the behavior of insurers operating in the medical liability market for hospitals while controlling the performance of the judicial system, measured as court backlog. Using a difference......-in-differences strategy on Italian data, we find that the introduction of schedules increases the presence of insurers (i.e. medical liability market attractiveness) only in inefficient judicial districts. In the same way, court inefficiency is attractive to insurers for average values of schedules penetration...... of the market, with an increasing positive impact of inefficiency as the territorial coverage of schedules increases. Finally, no significant impact is registered on paid premiums. Our analysis sheds light on a complex set of elements affecting the decisions of insurers in malpractice markets. The analysis...

  7. Posibile sisteme de justiție administrativă - Examen de drept comparat

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dacian C. DRAGOŞ

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available The article presents the main models of administrative justice, the differences between them and the importance of chosing one or another. Romania, being engaged in a proces of modernisation of the national administration, has to take care also of the means to control the administration, the most important of which is the judicial control of administrative decisions. Over the years, two systems have struggled for supremacy in administrative justice: the French system, characterized by the existence of the administrative courts, separate from the judicial courts, and the British system, where all law suits, including the administrative ones, are judged by judicial courts.

  8. 12 CFR 513.6 - Duty to file information concerning adverse judicial or administrative action.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Duty to file information concerning adverse judicial or administrative action. 513.6 Section 513.6 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRACTICE BEFORE THE OFFICE § 513.6 Duty to file information concerning adverse...

  9. RESTRICTION OF RIGHTS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RUSSIA AS A SUBJECT OF JUDICIAL CONTROL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Vinogradova

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the issue of the regulation of the Russian state’s control over the activities of non-governmental organizations and the limits to that control. Important changes made in 2014–2016 in the regulation of the organization and activity of judicial power show that the tasks of transformation of the judicial power structure, establishment of effective control mechanisms and strengthening of the requirements on substantiation of court judgments have become more topical. Addressing this issue and taking it as the subject of study are motivated by the small number of works dealing with this issue. The task of enhancing the effectiveness of the exercise of their powers by public authorities necessitates consideration of special features of judicial control over disputes related to restriction of rights. The adoption of the Administrative Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the statutory formalization of special features of judicial control with respect to certain non-commercial organizations imply changes in judicial practice related to challenging the decisions made by public authorities. In addition to special procedural features such changes also facilitate the spread in law enforcement practice of legal arrangements like the ‘proportionality test’ and determining the balance between competing constitutional values and conditions of public order observance. The analysis carried out by the author reveals tendencies of improvement in legislative action and allows identification of future lines of improvement in judicial practice.

  10. Judicial Reform and Commercial Justice : The Experience of Tanzania's Commercial Court

    OpenAIRE

    Finnegan, David Louis

    2004-01-01

    Policymakers in developing and transition economies recognize the important role played by judiciaries in creating an institutional environment conducive to robust private sector activity. In the case of Tanzania, the government, with the support of local business groups, international investors, and the donor community, created a specialized court dedicated to considering and resolving commercial and financial cases. The Commercial Division of the High Court of Tanzania (the "Commercial Cour...

  11. Current Administrative court practice in the procedure of Public Procurement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvio Čović

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Under the current conditions of complex and difficult economic and social circumstances and given the comparative possibilities and economic effects, the system of public procurement which is firstly at a legal level regulated by the Public Procurement Act 8 (Zakon o javnoj nabavi of 2011 (further referred to as: PPA (ZN, is of particular importance for the entire legal, political and economic system of the Republic of Croatia. Public procurement in essence represents contracting the procurement of goods, works or services. The specifities of that system are comprised, above all, of regulation of entering contractual relations between the public and private sector. Therefore, this system in principle must be formal in order to protect equality of competitors in the public procurement procedure and also in the general interest. Appreciating the legal tradition and indigenous particularities, the author’s fundamental aims consisted of providing and analysing administrative court practice in the context of international legal acquis communautaire showing some legal regulation in practice of disputable aspects of the system of public procurement in Croatia and the doubts emerging from current administrative court practice.

  12. Democracy and judicial activism: some considerations about causes and consequences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Ladeira de Oliveira

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In this paper I discuss the conflicting relationship between the “judicial activism” and representative democratic procedures. First, I discuss some definitions that enhance aspects “normative/prescriptive” of “activists” judicial positions and the functioning of “real existing” democratic institutions. Second, we discuss patterns of arguments that are used by courts to decide politically controversial issues as well as political and institutional factors that stimulate the occurrence of “activists” positions.

  13. Federal Constitutional Court - report on Court decisions 1984 no. 40-56

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berkemann, J.

    1985-01-01

    The decision deals with the question to which extent administrative courts have to examine the case in summary proceedings against licences pursuant to Atomic Energy Law. The Federal Constitutional Court examines the question if the administrative court has, in checking the chances, misjudged the importance of the appellant's fundamental rights and thus infringed his constitutionally protected position. In this case, the Court comes to the result that after having adjusted the determined interests, the confirmation of immediate execution did not infringe the fundamental rights of the appellant. (HP) [de

  14. Court decisions on medical malpractice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knaak, Jan-Paul; Parzeller, Markus

    2014-11-01

    Recent studies on court cases dealing with medical malpractice are few and far between. This retrospective study, therefore, undertakes an analysis of medical malpractice lawsuits brought before regional courts in two judicial districts of the federal state of Hesse. Over a 5-year period (2006-2010), 232 court decisions on medical malpractice taken by the regional courts (Landgericht) of Kassel and Marburg were evaluated according to medical discipline, diagnosis, therapy, relevant level of care, charge of neglect of duty by the claimant party, outcome of the lawsuit, and further criteria. With certain overlaps, the disciplines most frequently confronted with claims of medical malpractice were accident surgery and orthopedics (30.2%; n = 70), dentistry (16.4%; n = 38), surgery (12.1%; n = 28), and gynecology and obstetrics (7.8%; n = 18), followed by the remaining medical disciplines (38.8%; n = 90). Malpractice allegations were brought against the practice-based sector in 35.8 % (n = 83) of cases, the hospital-based sector in 63.3% (n = 147) of cases, and other sectors in 0.9% (n = 2) of cases. The allegation grounds included false administration of treatment (67.2%; n = 156), false indication of treatment (37.1%; n = 86), false diagnosis (31.5%; n = 73), and/or organizational negligence (13.8%; n = 32). A breach of duty to inform was given as grounds for the claim in 38.8% (n = 90) of cases. A significant majority of 65.6% (n = 152) of cases ended in a court settlement. Of the cases, 18.9% (n = 44) were concluded by claim withdrawal, 11.2% (n = 26) by claim dismissal and 2.6% (n = 6) by criminal sentence. Of the cases, 1.7% (n = 4) were for purposes of securing evidence. Although there was no conclusive evidence of malpractice, two thirds of the cases ended in a court settlement. On the one hand, this outcome reduces the burden on the courts, but on the other, it can in the long term give

  15. Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi

    OpenAIRE

    Qamar, Nurul

    2012-01-01

    The Doctrine of Judicial Review as a legal order to perform the reviewand or re-testing of the laws and regulations within the meaning of the WetGrondwet (testing constitutionalism), the constitution or the constitution bythe Constitutional Court even though relatively new in the state system, buthas grown and developed rapidly both in countries of the Common Law Systemas well as adherents of the countries adherents Civil Law System, even in countries adherents Law Mixed System that claims hi...

  16. Shifts in Competences between Member States and the EU in the New Supervisory System for Credit Institutions and their Consequences for Judicial Protection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Wissink

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM is a striking example of the tendency within the EU to transfer decisive, regulatory and enforcement powers to the EU level. The SSM involves a complex system of mixed administration in order to ensure effective banking supervision within the Eurozone. Whereas such mixed administration might be necessary in order to achieve effective cross-border supervision, it also creates legal uncertainties due to the different legal orders involved. In this paper, the effect of the mixed administration on formal and substantive judicial protection is discussed.The paper analyses the right of access to the courts in the case of common procedures and certain ECB decisions. Furthermore, it is examined whether the ECB and national competent authorities have adequate powers to carry out supervision within the SSM. Lastly, the paper pursues the issues with regard to substantive judicial protection in greater depth, in particular the right of respect for the home and the rights of defence.

  17. 42 CFR 414.920 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 414.920 Section 414.920 Public... Under Part B § 414.920 Judicial review. The following areas under the CAP are not subject to administrative or judicial review: (a) The establishment of payment amounts. (b) The awarding of vendor contracts...

  18. The Court is dead, long live the courts?: On judicial review in Poland in 2017 and „judicial space” beyond

    OpenAIRE

    Koncewicz, Tomasz Tadeusz

    2018-01-01

    How should Polish judges respond, now that the Constitutional Court is being used in the day-to-day politics, and keeps delivering goods for its political masters? We have to be unequivocal here. Any future decisions taken by the „fake Court” with the “fake” judges sitting on the cases will be marred by invalidity. The ordinary judges will have a valid claim not to follow these rulings. Should they decide to follow decisions made with the participation of, or made by, “fake” judges, their own...

  19. Is the German Federal Constitutional Court off course? Some thoughts on the control intensity of administrative case law

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wuerkner, J.

    1992-01-01

    The article comes to the overall conclusion that the efforts of the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht, BVerfG) to make the protection of basic rights more effective by largely restricting the discretionary powers of the administration, as justified as this may be from the point of view of general constitutional law, ultimately leads to legal uncertainties for both legal practitioners and persons seeking legal remedies. It is not only that court proceedings will be delayed by the increased necessity to consult outside experts, but also the practising administrative judges themselves will only slowly be able to adjust to the new situation. It remains to be seen whether the Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) will be able to finally provide for the necessary clarity in the foreseeable future. (orig.) [de

  20. Unwrapping Court-Connected Mediation Agreements

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Adrian, Lin; Mykland, Solfrid

    2018-01-01

    Court-connected mediated agreements seem to both fulfil and fail the ideal of self-determination in mediation theory. In a study of 134 agreements from court-connected mediation, we found that the majority of agreements contain creative elements and display great variation in the provisions...... and understand them. The judicial language is well known for the drafters of the agreement but not the parties. Thus, court-connected mediation seems to fail aspects of self-determination when it comes to drafting agreements. We draw on new-institutional theory when we explore and explain this apparent...... they contain. These results indicate that the parties play an important role in crafting the substance of their agreements. However, we also found that the wording of the agreements is characterised by legal and bureaucratic language to the extent that people without legal training find it difficult to read...

  1. Judicial Reforms in Russia: 1864 to 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irina Reshetnikova

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available In 2014 we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Judicial Reform in Russia. The 1860s are known as a time of major reforms in various spheres of life, one of them being the Judicial Reform adopted in 1864. Before 1864 civil procedure was considered to be the classical form of inquisitorial justice1 with active judges and passive parties. Inquisitorial procedure was a written process conducted in secret with no legal representatives in court, and with formal evaluation of evidence (otsenka dokazatel’stv. Instead of an inquisitorial procedure the Judicial Reform introduced an adversarial system with active parties and more or less passive judges, an open, oral (public process, legal representatives, and free evaluation of evidence. So, for Russian procedure it was a revolution as it happened in other countries of Europe, which turned away from an inquisitorial to an adversarial system of justice.

  2. [The judicialization of health in the Federal District of Brazil].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diniz, Debora; Machado, Teresa Robichez de Carvalho; Penalva, Janaina

    2014-02-01

    This paper seeks to analyze the Judiciary's approach with respect to demands for the judicialization of the right to health by means of a case study of civil lawsuits for access to health care in Brazil's Federal District. Judicialization of the right to health signifies the judicialization of various of the health services provided. This is a descriptive and exploratory case study that covers the Federal District and uses mixed techniques to gather and analyze data. This study analyzed 385 lawsuits (87% of the total number of cases of judicialization of health for the period from 2005 to 2010 that reached the Appellate court). The results indicate that the most judicialized service is access to intensive care unit, followed by drugs and health care. Almost all lawsuits are filed by public defenders, with medical prescriptions and recommendations from the public health service. The results of this study challenge some dominant themes in the national debate, particularly the claim that judicialization is a phenomenon of the elites and that the services judicialized are drugs. The study does not seek to make generalizations, but highlights the fact that the phenomenon of judicialization of health has different aspects encompassed under the same concept.

  3. Internacionalização e ativismo judicial: as causas coletivas Internationalization and judicial activism: the collective causes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiano Engelmann

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo pretende fornecer elementos para a análise da relação entre o fenômeno de internacionalização do direito e a emergência de modalidades de advogados engajados na representação judicial de causas coletivas. São analisadas duas dimensões: uma primeira expõe um panorama exploratório das causas coletivas no cenário nacional e internacional, pela catalogação das decisões judiciais na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e em tribunais brasileiros. Uma segunda dimensão de análise aborda, com base em entrevistas, casos representativos de promoção de causas coletivas nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Essas duas dimensões permitem avançar a hipótese de que a redemocratização política nacional e a constituição de redes internacionais de circulação de causas políticas e jurídicas contribuem para a definição dos perfis de ativismo judicial legitimados no espaço jurídico em diferentes períodos.The article intends the analysis of the relation between the phenomenon of internationalization of Law and the emergency of modalities of lawyers engaged in the judicial representation of collective causes. Two dimensions are analyzed: the first one displays an exploratory panorama of the collective causes in the national and international scene, out of a survey of the profile of demands of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Brazilian courts. The second dimension approaches, from interviews, representative cases of promotion of collective causes in the decades of 1990 and 2000. These two dimensions allow to advance the hypothesis that the national political redemocratization and the constitution of international networks of circulation of political and legal causes contribute for the definition of the profiles of judicial activism legitimated in the legal space in different periods.

  4. Public Interest Litigation in the Netherlands
    A Multidimensional Take on the Promotion of Environmental Interests by Private Parties through the Courts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Berthy van den Broek

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available In the Netherlands, the administrative law system is traditionally seen as best suited for dealing with public interest-related lawsuits. Especially in the field of environmental law, NGOs seeking to promote broader environmental interests regularly initiate judicial procedures before administrative courts in order to challenge land-use plans, environmental permits and other types of public orders that may have adverse impacts on local natural habitats and/or the environment more generally. However, over the past five years a number of developments have resulted in a more restricted access to administrative courts for environmental NGOs. It has been suggested that these developments may result in an increased reliance on public interest-related procedures before civil courts. This raises the question of what position public interest-related claims, like those against Shell for oil pollution in the Niger Delta and those against the Dutch government for its alleged failure to implement adequate climate change policies, currently have within the Dutch system of civil procedure. It also raises the question whether environmental NGOs in practice do have the broad access to Dutch courts that is required by international obligations, and whether room for improvement should perhaps be sought in the civil law domain.

  5. Federal Administrative Court dismisses appeal of the city of Schweinfurt in the matter of Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    With its decision of April 30, 1980, - BVerwG 7 C 91.79 - the Federal Administrative Court has dismissed the appeal of the city of Schweinfurt against the interim decision of the Bavarian Administrative Court of April 9, 1979. The cost will have to be paid by the plaintiff. The value of the appeal suit is set at DM 100.000. The main grounds for the decision are given in full wording. (orig./HP) [de

  6. Control of decisions in proceedings at administrative courts relating to the Federal Act for Protection Against Nuisances and to the Atomic Energy Law

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sellner, D.

    1980-01-01

    The author examines especially those lawsuits where the judicial decision depends - among other things - on the prior settling of most difficult technological questions. The decision on Kalkar given by the Federal Court of Justice is so important because it confirms that largely unclear legal terms are unobjectionable from the point of view of constitutional law. Using other findings, the author discusses the extension of legal protection as to include earlier stages of licensing procedures, foreclosure, the tightness of controls in case of review and subsequent assessment of difficult scientific or technological issues, risk assessment and its evaluation by the executive and judiciary. Law leaves final decision and assessment up to the executive power, the review of the framework up to the court. The problems mentioned can be solved without having to set up a science court or to install a judge who is an expert in technologies. (HSCH) [de

  7. 28 CFR 802.1 - Introduction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Introduction. 802.1 Section 802.1 Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS General § 802.1 Introduction. This part contains regulations of the Court Services and...

  8. ['Judicialization' of public health policy for distribution of medicines].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chieffi, Ana Luiza; Barata, Rita Barradas

    2009-08-01

    The supply of medicines in response to court orders or injunctions has become a common practice in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This 'judicialization' of the health system clashes with basic principles of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), such as equal opportunity to access health services. The aim of this paper is to analyze the legal action used to obtain medicines through the São Paulo State Health Department, from two main angles: judicialization of public policies and breach of the equity principle. This is a descriptive study of legal action taken to obtain medicines through the São State Health Department, as listed in the Electronic Court Docket System for the year 2006. Most cases were filed through private attorneys; 47% of the patients had obtained their prescriptions through private care; and 73% of the cases involved patients from the three wealthiest areas in the city of São Paulo. The data demonstrate that such legal action violates key principles of the SUS such as equity, thereby privileging individuals with higher purchasing power and more access to information.

  9. URGENSI DAN PENGATURAN UU TENTANG CONTEMPT OF COURT UNTUK MENJAMIN HARKAT, MARTABAT DAN WIBAWA PERADILAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aditya Wisnu Mulyadi

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The phenomenon of the Contempt of Court is an event that is rife in Indonesia lately. It is considered to reduce the dignity, majesty and authority of the judiciary and its apparatus. Particularly the dignity and authority of the judge. Attitudes and actions displayed by the search for justice, legal practitioners, the press, political and social organizations, NGOs, academics, judicial commission, as well as various other parties in such a way can be categorized injure the dignity, majesty and authority of the judiciary, good attitude and actions directed against the judicial process, judicial officials, as well as court decisions. Lack of strict legal instruments and adequate to serve as guidelines and benchmarks to judge such a phenomenon is made Contempt of Court always the case. View of the judge is an arm of God would have been contrary to Contempt of Court. The judge in charge of prosecuting and providing justice for justice seekers should not accept the bad treatments. This study is based on normative research method using statutory approach and conceptual approaches. Legislation that used is Law No. 4 of 1985 on the Supreme Court, Code of criminal law, the law book of the law of criminal procedure, the draft book of the Criminal Justice Act 2012 and draft the Code of Criminal Procedure 2012. This research is expected to contribute significantly for the creation benchmarks and appropriate guidelines in terms of the establishment of regulations and legislation on Contempt of Court Act

  10. Reflection on the Judicial Activism or Constructivism: In Perspective of Being an Instrument of Cooperation in Judicial Facing Issues of Social Security and Labor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Gomes de Vasconcelos

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The article proposes a present thinking as the possibility of reaching solutions to some social security and labor issues in democratic rule of law using judicial cooperation in the search for effective social law of social security. The current legal constructivism, also called judicial activism in its manifestation of legal instrument to weigh yourself to get and verify the approach of social dialogue for more proactive attitude of the court, in which the actors involved in the conflict are called to have a more active participation on problem situations, requiring them more than mere legal interpretation in philosophical hermeneutics.

  11. Federal Administrative Court refused to declare the first partial license of the Muelheim-Kaerlich reactor null and void

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    In its decision of July 17, 1980, the Federal Administrative Court dismissed the appeal lodged by an appelant against the dimissal by the Supreme Administrative Court concerning the nullity of the first partial licence for the Muelheim-Kaerlich reactor as being unfounded. In doing so, the issue of nullity has been marked off from the issue of foreclosure of demurers. The amount in ligitation was fixed at 20000 DM for the proceedings of appeal. (HSCH) [de

  12. Litigating Economic, Social and Cultural Rights against Transnational Corporations in Indonesian Court

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iman Prihandono

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available States should take appropriate steps to ensure the effectiveness of domestic judicial mechanisms when addressing business-related human rights abuses. These steps may include ways to reduce legal, practical and other relevant barriers that could lead to a denial of access to remedy. To a certain degree, these problems exist in Indonesia’s judicial remedy mechanism. This article examines court decisions in five cases involving Transnational Corporations (TNCs. These decisions are examined to identify challenges and opportunities in bringing a case on ESC rights violations against TNCs. It is found that claim on ESC rights violation may be brought to the court, and the court has jurisdiction to entertain the case. However, of the five cases filed against TNCs, only in one case has the court decided in favour of the plaintiff. Most of the cases were rejected on procedural matters. This situation suggests that it remains burdensome for the victims of ESC rights violations to seek remedy at the court. There are procedural burdens that has to be faced by plaintiff when bringing ESC rights case against corporations, particularly TNCs. Nevertheless, there are new develop-ments in relation with pursuing ESC rights in court. One of the important development is private business contract between the govern-ment and private corporations may be annulled by the court, if the exercise of the contract would violate the government's obligation to fulfil human rights of the citizens

  13. The Courts and Student Rights -- Procedural Matters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phay, Robert E.

    This paper traces the evolution of student rights and the judicial protection of these rights through numerous court cases. The author outlines the minimum standards of due process required in disciplinary proceedings and discusses cases that point up (1) the required specificity of rules on student conduct, (2) the requirements of notice to…

  14. Superior Administrative Court of Mannheim. Judgement of March 30, 1982 (Wyhl)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    This publication deals with the decision of March 30, 1982 of the Superior Administrative Court of Mannheim, dismissing the action for annulment of the first part-construction permit for Wyhl nuclear power plant. The publication discusses that part of the Court's statements dealing with the term nuclear installation within the purview of the Atomic Energy Act, section 7, sub-section (1). According to the statement, the term ''nuclear installation for the fission of nuclear fuel'' includes not only that part of an installation where fission takes place but also those components including the surrounding buildings which serve the nuclear purpose of the installation and which thus are subject to the same standards and regulations relating to safety engineering and air pollution control. This definition includes switchgear buildings, reactor auxiliary equipment buildings, the engine house, and cooling water systems including cooling towers. (CB) [de

  15. A particular articulation of judicial activism of the CJEU in its approach towards international law

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cebulak, Pola

    2012-01-01

    This paper seeks to provide a theoretical and methodological framework that can be used in assessing the judicial activism of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in its jurisprudence dealing with public international law. The underlying questions are: What underpins the judicial...... activism of the EU judge in the jurisprudence concerning the relationship between European and public international law? How does the EU judge’s approach to international law shape the relationship between the two legal orders? The chapter proposes the hypothesis that judicial activism and a pluralistic...

  16. Federal Administrative Court denies the International Union for the Protection of Life the right to file suit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    In its decision of July 16, 1980, the Federal Administrative Court dismissed the appeal lodged by the International Union for the Protection of Life against the dismissal by the Supreme Administrative Court concerning the action to set aside the preliminary decision on the Kruemmel reactor. The Court denied its right to file suit. The amount in ligitation was fixed at 20000 DM. The appelant cannot assert that his rights are being violated. The appelent's commitment to protect life is not hindered in an administrative way by the preliminary decision. Only members of the association could put forward that the basic rights of the individual protected in Art. 2, Sect. 2 of the Basic Law are being endangered. Section 7 (2) of the Atomic Energy Law does not serve to protect the freedom of association, it gives third party protection for associations only in case of property damage. Neither can the right to file suit be derived for the addressee of a decision from Section 4 (2) of the Ordinance concerning the procedure for licensing nuclear installations. (HSCH) [de

  17. [Consequences of the judicialization of health policies: the cost of medicines for mucopolysaccharidosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diniz, Debora; Medeiros, Marcelo; Schwartz, Ida Vanessa D

    2012-03-01

    This study analyzes expenditures backed by court rulings to ensure the public provision of medicines for treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), a rare disease that requires high-cost drugs not covered by the Brazilian government's policy for pharmaceutical care and which have disputed clinical efficacy. The methodology included a review of files from 196 court rulings ordering the Brazilian Ministry of Health to provide the medicines, in addition to Ministry of Health administrative records. According to the analysis, the "judicialization" of the health system subjected the Brazilian government to a monopoly in the distribution of medicines and consequently the loss of its capacity to manage drug purchases. The study also indicates that the imposition of immediate, individualized purchases prevents obtaining economies of scale with planned procurement of larger amounts of the medication, besides causing logistic difficulties in controlling the amounts consumed and stored. In conclusion, litigation results from the lack of a clear policy in the health system for rare diseases in general, thereby leading to excessive expenditures for MPS treatment.

  18. The Courts, Social Science, and School Desegregation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levin, Betsy, Ed.; Hawley, Willis D., Ed.

    A conference on the courts, social science, and school desegregation attempted to clarify how social science research has been used and possibly misused in school desegregation litigation. The symposium issue addressed in this book is a product of that conference. First, the judicial evolution of the law of school desegregation from Brown V. the…

  19. Access the Unified Health System actions and services from the perspective of judicialization1

    OpenAIRE

    Ramos, Raquel de Souza; Gomes, Antonio Marcos Tosoli; de Oliveira, Denize Cristina; Marques, Sergio Corr?a; Spindola, Thelma; Nogueira, Virginia Paiva Figueiredo

    2016-01-01

    Objective: the judicialization of health is incorporated into the daily work of health institutions in Brazil through the court orders for access. In this study, the objective was to describe the contents of the social representations of access, through judicialization, for the health professionals. Method: qualitative study based on Social Representations Theory, involving 40 professionals, at a teaching hospital and at the center for the regulation of beds and procedures in Rio de Janeiro....

  20. IsTeen Court effective for repeat offenders? A test of the restorative justice approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forgays, Deborah Kirby; DeMilio, Lisa

    2005-02-01

    Teen Courts are an effective judicial alternative for many youth offenders. The majority of youth courts deal solely with first-time offenders. However, repeat offenders are at a greater risk for future crime. Is Teen Court effective with more experienced offenders? In this study, the authors examine the outcomes of 26 Whatcom County Teen Court offenders with at least one prior conviction. The sentence completion rate was higher and the recidivism was lower for the Teen Court offenders when compared with a sample of first-time Court Diversion offenders. This objective evidence of program success is augmented by an offender's perspective on his or her court experience. These perspectives as well as the continued voluntary involvement with Teen Court are discussed in relation to empowerment theory.

  1. 28 CFR 811.14 - Definitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 811.14 Section 811.14 Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION § 811.14 Definitions. (a) The terms “attends school,” “Court,” “in custody or under...

  2. Judicial protection of pension rights: problems of theory and practice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina G. Sedelnikova

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The subject. The article is devoted to analysis of pension disputes resolution in courts.The purpose of the article is to reveal trends of pension disputes resolution and identify the ways of increasing the efficiency of judicial protection of citizens’ pension rights.The methodology. Both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description and special scientific methods (formal-legal methods method of legal interpretation were used.Results, scope of application. Pension legislation still does not contain a legal definition of the term “pension dispute” despite currently the prevalence of this category of cases; the legal science still has not developed a uniform approach to definition of the essence of the pension dispute.Special attention is paid to the issues of definition of the facts in proof, that is complicated because of instability of the pension legislation and a large amount of normative array. Special rules relating to the admissibility of evidence are divided from legally significant circumstances. The attention is focused on the most problematic points that arise in the process of proving: the procedure for confirmation of experience, employment in certain types of work quotas.Recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of judicial protection of the pension rights of citizens are formulated on the basis on the analysis of the identified problems that arise during consideration of pension disputes by law enforcement authorities. Recommendations include the need to improve the quality of normative legal acts, systematization of the pension legislation, increasing demands for training of judges, the creation of conditions conducive to the judges’ specialization. The necessity of increase activities of the Supreme Court in the process of issuing clarifications on issues arising in the application of the pension legislation is also considered.Conclusions. The existence of a number of features of the substantive

  3. Offshore wind energy: the Nantes administrative court gives its first decisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deharbe, David; Deldique, Lou

    2017-01-01

    In May 2017, the Nantes administrative court gave a restrictive appraisal to the acting interest of associations and cities contesting the installation and exploitation approval of a wind farm off Saint Nazaire coast and rejected the different arguments put forward by the opponents of the project. This decision suggests a probably favorable jurisprudence for the forthcoming offshore wind farm projects. This paper presents the explanatory statement and comments the conclusions of the judgement

  4. How probate courts handle cases when participants challenge a lifetime maintenance agreement during the probate procedure?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Krstić Novak

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Relying on the analysis of judicial practice, in this paper the author discusses the two options that probate courts have at their disposal in the heirs of the diseased person (who is the maintenance recipient decide to challenge the lifetime maintenance agreement in the course of probate proceedings. The first option, which is quite common in judicial practice, is to stay the probate proceedings until the disputed issue is resolved before the competent (civil or administrative authority. The author considers this practice to be inadequate because the fact that heirs challenge this agreement is not formally envisaged as the legal ground for staying the probate proceedings. In the author's opinion, regardless of whether the heirs challenge the lifetime maintenance agreement or not, the probate procedure should be terminated if the entire property of the deceased/maintenance recipient is disposed under this contract. If the contract does not cover the entire estate, the court should bring the decision to exclude those assets from the recipient's succession estate, and continue with the probate proceedings. In any case, the heirs are still entitled to file a civil claim in an attempt to prove that there are legal grounds for cancelling or nullifying the agreement.

  5. High court asked to review differing definitions of 'disability'.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1997-02-21

    [Name removed] applied for and received Social Security benefits after losing his job at The Disney Stores, Inc. [Name removed], who has AIDS, alleges he was fired in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said [name removed] could not sue [name removed] because of a discrepancy between his statements on the disability application and in the lawsuit. The Court said he had to choose between suing and accepting disability benefits. The court would not accept [name removed]'s argument that the definitions of disability under the Social Security Act and the ADA differed significantly. The U.S. Supreme Court has been asked to overturn this ruling. In a related case, the Michigan Court of Appeals invoked judicial estoppel to bar a worker from suing his employer under the State Handicappers' Civil Rights Act.

  6. Are administrative courts a stumbling block in the installation of industrial-size plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Albers, H.

    1983-01-01

    The author analyses the immediate impacts of preliminary legal redress and the time schedule of administrative procedures. Tables are presented to show the time lag caused by legal procedures in case of individual nuclear power plant construction. The indirect consequences emanating from administrative court proceedings are studied and more deeply lying causes of delays are explained. The author concludes by calling for better standardization as a basis for licensing procedures, for instance by working out a reactor safety ordinance. (HSCH) [de

  7. INDEPENDENSI HAKIM AD-HOC PADA LINGKUNGAN PERADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL / THE JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE OF AD-HOC JUDGES IN INDUSTRIAL RELATION COURT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Ishar Helmi

    2017-08-01

    will undermine the free, impartial and clean judicial system that dreams of because the judges will be ruled by the litigants, as the judge is appointed and dismissed by the party to be tried in the industrial relations court.

  8. Adapting Judicial Supervision to the Risk Level of Drug Offenders: Discharge and 6-month Outcomes from a Prospective Matching Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marlowe, Douglas B.; Festinger, David S.; Dugosh, Karen L.; Lee, Patricia A.; Benasutti, Kathleen M.

    2007-01-01

    This article reports recent findings from a program of experimental research examining the effects of adapting judicial supervision to the risk level of drug-abusing offenders. Prior studies revealed that high-risk participants with (1) antisocial personality disorder or (2) a history of drug abuse treatment performed significantly better in drug court when they were scheduled to attend frequent, bi-weekly judicial status hearings in court. Low-risk participants performed equivalently regardless of the schedule of court hearings. The current study prospectively matched misdemeanor drug court clients to the optimal schedule of court hearings based upon an assessment of their risk status, and compared outcomes to those of clients randomly assigned to the standard schedule of court hearings. Results confirmed that high-risk participants graduated at a higher rate, provided more drug-negative urine specimens at 6 months post-admission, and reported significantly less drug use and alcohol intoxication at 6 months post-admission when they were matched to bi-weekly hearings as compared to the usual schedule of hearings. These findings yield practical information for enhancing the efficacy and cost-efficiency of drug court services. Directions for future research on adaptive programming for drug offenders are discussed. PMID:17071020

  9. The Road to a Court of Appeal—Part II: Distinguishing Features and Establishment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Butler, Graham

    2015-01-01

    of the road taken. By mapping the sequence of events that lead to the creation of the new court, the complexity that goes into large-scale judicial restructuring can begin to be fully appreciated. This is the second and concluding part of the article, covering the distinguishing features and establishment......-lasting effects on the judicial system of the state. The creation of a new court takes a considerable effort from a number of branches of the State, in formulating the correct path for its establishment to proceed. In this article, the history of a Court of Appeal is set out, before discussing the referendum...... to amend the Constitution to allow for it. This is followed by looking at some of the provisions of the Amendment Bill that was put before both the Oireachtas and the people, before looking at three distinguishing features of the Bill, and finally discussing its establishment in 2014, along with analysis...

  10. Judicial Review on Administrative Action: Reflection on the Bank Century Bailout Policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lily Evelina Sitorus

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Accountability is the key to good governance. In the global administrative law, every policy made should be accountable. The given law should be accessible for public. When global financial crisis happened, many countries didn't have the necessary rules to solve the problem arised. In Indonesia, the decision from government to bailout century bank is controversial as of right now. The need of comprehensive law in related to economic, political and social factor should be considered. The law of Administrative Governance of Indonesia (UU No 30/2014 had provided the code of conduct for government action. The placement of discretion in one whole chapter can be seen in two ways side-the restriction of government action and protection for public rights. In practice, the implementation of such rule is not accessible as the formulation intended. Harmonization with the law of Administrative Courts in Indonesia (UU No 5/1986 jo UU No 9/2004 jo UU 51/2009 is still needed.

  11. 29 CFR 1978.110 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Labor, shall not be subject to judicial review in any criminal or other civil proceedings (49 U.S.C... law judge, shall be transmitted by the Administrative Review Board, United States Department of Labor... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 1978.110 Section 1978.110 Labor...

  12. On the subsidiarity of an appeal to the Constitutional Court in case of rejection of temporary relief sought as a protection against the construction of a nuclear facility (in connection with BVerfGE 77, 381 - Gorleben interim storage facility)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1988-01-01

    The appeal to the Constitutional Court has been launched against the construction of the spent fuel receiving station of the planned nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Wackersdorf. The proceedings on the main issue had to decide whether the Bavarian Ministry of Regional Development and Environmental Affairs as the competent supervising authority is obliged to order a stop of construction work on the grounds that there is no valid construction permit for the establishment of the receiving station after the BayVGH (Bavarian Court of Administration) with its decision of April 2, 1987 had set aside the relevant permit. The party appealing to the Constitutional Court applied for a judicial order to suspend execution of the construction permit for the receiving station until the appeal to the Constitutional Court has been decided upon. The appeal is directed among others against a decision of the BayVGH of December 11, 1987, denying temporary relief in accordance with section 123 VwGO (Rules of the Administrative Courts). The Constitutional Court denied the appeal. (orig./HP) [de

  13. Behavioral Genetics in Criminal and Civil Courts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sabatello, Maya; Appelbaum, Paul S

    Although emerging findings in psychiatric and behavioral genetics create hope for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders, the introduction of such data as evidence in criminal and civil proceedings raises a host of ethical, legal, and social issues. Should behavioral and psychiatric genetic data be admissible in judicial proceedings? If so, what are the various means for obtaining such evidence, and for what purposes should its admission be sought and permitted? How could-and should-such evidence affect judicial outcomes in criminal and civil proceedings? And what are the potential implications of using behavioral and psychiatric genetic evidence for individuals and communities, and for societal values of equality and justice? This article provides an overview of the historical and current developments in behavioral genetics. We then explore the extent to which behavioral genetic evidence has-and should-affect determinations of criminal responsibility and sentencing, as well as the possible ramifications of introducing such evidence in civil courts, with a focus on tort litigation and child custody disputes. We also consider two ways in which behavioral genetic evidence may come to court in the future-through genetic theft or the subpoena of a litigant's biospecimen data that was previously obtained for clinical or research purposes-and the concerns that these possibilities raise. Finally, we highlight the need for caution and for approaches to prevent the misuse of behavioral genetic evidence in courts.

  14. Court decisions: Preclusion clause prevents operating stop for Kruemmel nuclear power plant. [Administrative Court of Schleswig, decision 12D 79/83 of Oct. 5, 1983

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1984-01-01

    According to section 7b of the Atomic Energy Act, once an incontestable permit has been given under section 7 of the Atomic Energy Act, third parties do not have a right of appeal in any subsequent licensing procedure if the said appeal is based on facts which have been put forward already, or could have been brought forward by any third party having had access to information or to the preliminary licence laid open for public inspection. If the licensing authority decided within the margin of discretion provided by the law, the administrative court may not replace this discretion by discretion of the court. If in accordance with section 1 of the Atomic Energy Act an examination of the issues involved may result in a possible decision confirming the licensing authority's view or also the court's view, the court is obliged to accept the decision taken by the licensing authority, due to the principle of separation of powers, unless the licensing authority decided on the basis of incorrect or irrelevant facts, or left out of consideration facts of major importance.

  15. STEP TO CIVIL SOCIETY (ON HISTORICAL ROLE OF JUDICIAL REFORM OF 1864

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Анна Дмитриевна Попова

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with the importance of the judicial reform of 1864 for the course of Alexander's modernization and analyzes the role of the judicial reforms for various aspects of life in the post-reform Russia. There is used a wide range of sources - archival materials, memoirs of contemporaries of that period, publications of periodicals. The author concludes that the judicial reform of 1864 should be considered as a significant step towards civil society. The analysis of the sources shows that the judicial reform of 1864 contributed to the increase in the protection of human rights and freedoms. The activities of new courts changed the public consciousness - in the society there was growing representation of rule of law, necessity to respect the rights and freedoms of others, to meet obligations. The judicial reform played a major role in the process of merging classes, the development of market relations. Thus, the introduction of the controversial independent public trial not only improved the justice, but was also an important step in the formation of civil society in Russia.

  16. The Road to a Court of Appeal—Part I: History and Constitutional Amendment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Butler, Graham

    2015-01-01

    the Supreme Court. Twelve months later, in October 2014, the new Court of Appeal was formally established in a move that was largely unnoticed by the public at large but, for legal practitioners and eager followers of Irish constitutional law, it was an important change that would have long-lasting effects...... on the judicial system of the State. The creation of a new court requires a considerable effort from a number of branches of the State in formulating the correct path for its establishment to proceed. In this article, the history of a Court of Appeal is set out, before discussing the referendum to amend...

  17. Legitimacy of Constitutional Justice: Democracy, Constitutional Court and Theory Against Majority Interest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thaminne Nathalia Cabral Moraes e Silva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article has as its theme the analysis of the separation of powers and the rule of democracy, in addition to the possibility of the Constitutional Court be composed of people appointed by the President of the Republic, not fulfilling the democratic rule, and make the control of constitutionality of laws, created through democratic process. Will be answered: the separation of powers obey the democratic rule? When the Legislature fails to fulfill its function of legislating, opens the opportunity for the Supreme Court, as the Constitutional Court that is, create, through judicial activism, silent rules? That injured the democratic rule?

  18. THE IMPACT OF COURTROOM CAMERAS ON THE JUDICIAL PROCESS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Scott Campbell

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The sensational trial of Richard Bruno Hauptmann for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindberg’s young son in 1935 marked the starting point of the debate regarding the propriety of allowing cameras in courtrooms during judicial proceedings. This debate intensified during and following the 1994-1997 trial of O.J. Simpson. At issue is how a court must weigh the Sixth Amendment right of the accused to a public trial and the First Amendment right to a free press, as well as its own interest in preserving the dignity and decorum of the courtroom. This paper examines the history, Federal rules, seminal court cases, and California rules concerning cameras in the courtroom in the context of these important Constitutional issues. This research provides qualitative data from 208 California judges that help explain some of the thinking by those who are empowered to accept or reject requests to record court proceedings.

  19. The Hanau atomic energy laws. Nuclear fuel fabrication and the administrative law system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Becker-Neetz, G.; Uebersohn, G.

    1989-01-01

    The review concentrates on administrative law aspects in the discussion of problems relating to the licences and preliminary notices of approval issued for the Hanau nuclear industry. The authors deal with the licences granted in 1974 (according to sec. 9 Atomic Energy Act), with the extended licensing requirements of sec. 7 Atomic Energy Act as amended by the 3rd amendment (concerning fabrication and handling of nuclear fuels), and the criminal court proceedings examining the conduct of the Alkem management and senior officers of the Hessian Ministry of Economics. Specific aspects investigated in the review include continuation of existing operations in accordance with transitory provisions, replacement of existing by new installations, and preliminary notice of approval. The preliminary notices of approval given up to the date of December 31, 1977 are said to have been illegal and extinct at that date, but the court's decision to abstain from punishment is accepted. The authors outline some possibilities of giving more concrete shape to the judicial control by administrative courts. (RST) [de

  20. “'The Constitution means what the Supreme Court says it means’... But only when I want!” About how (not to work with precedents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guilherme Gonçalves Alcântara

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available A semiotic analysis of the arguments brought to light by the 9th Criminal Chamber of São Paulo’s Court of Appeal when compared to the paradigmatic judgments of the Supreme Court in criminal proceedings harvest, dealing specifically with the presumption of innocence and the individualization of punishment. We used the phenomenological method to bring to São Paulo judicial practice a hermeneutic constraint directed to judicial solipsism.

  1. State court rejects estoppel in job accommodation case.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1997-07-25

    The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts ruled that a person who applies for disability benefits does not forfeit his right to pursue an employment discrimination claim if the employer refuses to accommodate his disability. The court ruled in favor of [name removed], who sued the law firm of [name removed] and [name removed] in Boston for violating the State's Anti-Discrimination Law. The law firm cited Federal and State precedents to show that [name removed] should be estopped from pursuing his lawsuit. [Name removed], who had multiple sclerosis, proved that he was capable of performing the tasks required of him as long as his schedule was flexible.

  2. PEMBATASAN HAK KASASI DAN KONSEKUENSI HUKUM BAGI PENCARI KEADILAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA DI INDONESIA / The Restriction of Cassation Right and the Consequence for Justice Seeker in Indonesian Administrative Justice System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agus Budi Susilo

    2016-07-01

    There were appeal legal effort, cassation and judicial review on Administrative Court. After the Supreme Court Act article 45A paragraph (2 letter c was applied, it was determined that not all administrative settlement dispute can be filled to cassation legal effort. The setting restriction poses legal problems to justice seekers. This article aims to study the solution of cassation rights setting restrictions so that it can be mutual for administrative justice seekers. Based on the analysis that has been done it can be concluded that the regulation on Supreme Court Act article 45A paragraph (2 letter c Act number 5 2014 was not clear in procedures and substantive. Thus the setting restriction in cassation legal effort has to consider the aspect of quality and cases type.

  3. Compact storage of fuel elements. Higher Administrative Court of Hesse, judgement of March 4, 1985

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1985-01-01

    Licenses for nuclear installations pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act are not contrary to the ordre public. If an objection against an administrative procedure concerning a nuclear installation is delayed, the objector will be excluded from the administrative procedure. The exclusion also refers to the administrative court procedure following the licensing procedure under Atomic Energy Law. Due to the exclusion an action to rescind cannot be taken, nor can it be replaced by an action against a public authority to enforce the cancellation of the nuclear license. (orig./HSCH) [de

  4. At the Intersection between Expropriation Law and Administrative Law: Two Critical Views on the Constitutional Court's Arun Judgment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernst Jacobus Marais

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available In Arun the Constitutional Court held that section 28 of the Land Use Planning Ordinance (LUPO vests all land indicated as public roads on a development plan in the local authority upon approval of such a plan. This includes land that is in excess of the normal need of the development. The appellant must hence be compensated for the "expropriation" of such excess land if the provision is to comply with section 25(2 of the Constitution. This ruling is problematic for both expropriation law and administrative law. In terms of section 25(2 four objections may be raised against the Arun decision. Firstly, it disregards the function of the public interest requirement for expropriation, as understood in view of the law-of-general-application requirement (which, in turn, is informed by the legality principle. The state cannot expropriate property for purposes that are ultra vires (or ulterior to the authorising legislation. Yet the Arun court seems to allow just this by permitting the local authority to acquire land unrelated to the normal need of the development against payment of compensation instead of setting the attempted expropriation aside. The judgment, secondly, ignores the role of compensation under section 25(2. Merely paying compensation to an affected party cannot turn an invalid expropriation into a valid one, since compensation is merely the result of a valid expropriation and not a justification for it. Thirdly, it makes the distinction between deprivation and expropriation pivot on the effect of the property limitation, which is unable to properly distinguish between these two forms of limitation in all instances. Finally, Moseneke DCJ's ruling seems to afford an election to litigants who are affected by materially defective expropriations to choose whether to accept the expropriation and claim compensation or to have it reviewed and set aside under PAJA. This election, if it indeed exists, subverts the principles of expropriation law

  5. Judicial police, functions and its development in Albania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asllan Dogjani

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article aims at a consistent search of the opinions about the judicial police as one of the subjects, contained in the Albanian criminal procedural law. In article 30 of the Albanian Criminal Procedure Code, are sanctioned the functions, division, addiction and judicial police duties. In the initial phase, the preliminary investigations are the basis of criminal proceedings. This phase includes evidences that cannot be replicated, the security measures are set, it is performed the notice of suit and necessary datas are collected. Searching, tracking, capture and bringing before trial of the perpetrators is considered as one of the oldest activities of human being. The need to ensure these regulations and the aim to prevent the consequences of any criminal activity has forced societies and different states to establish special investigative bodies (investigation and to determine by time their rights and obligations. So judicial police organs were provided and charged with competences and legal responsibility for the detection, crime preventions and research, capturing and bringing before the court, individuals or groups who commit criminal activities. From a comparative overview of legislation of the judicial police in several countries around the world, it is shown that there is no extreme change in structures and organizational patterns of these bodies, missions, powers and responsibilities they exercise (Elezi, 1997, 13. Judicial police in Albania has also been and is one of the important subjects of the criminal proceedings. In the historical perspective these bodies have had mixed origins and nature, and in different times they were military or civilian institutions. In this context, main purpose of this paper is the analysis of judicial police in

  6. Dysfunctions of the contemporary family from the perspective of judicial statistics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DANUTA KOWALCZYK

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The problems connected with the dysfunctions of the contemporary family are the subject of the study. Judicial statistics related mostly to the proceedings of family courts have been employed in the analysis. Emphasis has been placed on the problems related to the marital bond and parental responsibility. Statistical data suggests that there are some negative phenomena in both of these realms. Divorce and separation still constitute the cause of the incompleteness of family environments. Th e level of court interference in how parental responsibility is exercised which serves to protect children from the hazards of the lack of proper care is still not decreased.

  7. Researching Justification Texts of a First Instance Court: from Assignment to Results and Reporting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Philip Langbroek

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Court decisions are reasoned to legitimize them. Lay people seem to understand little of the work of the courts. One of the questions for court administrators and judges is: for whom do judges write their judgments? Is it possible to analyze judicial justification texts with a view to the audiences they address? We answered that question by developing a methodology for the analysis of judgment justification texts, investigating judicial writing behavior. This paper focuses on the methodological hurdles we had to take and the mistakes we made and had to correct. Research reports in all articles on socio-legal research offer a positive and linear description of the research. This article wants to show that trial and error during the research process were inevitable and maybe could have been avoided if we would have had more experience with this type of research. We hope students and other researchers may profit from our experience. Las decisiones judiciales se razonan para legitimarlas. Los profanos en la materia parecen entender poco de la labor de los tribunales. Una de las preguntas a administradores de tribunales y jueces es: ¿para quién redactan los jueces sus sentencias? ¿Es posible analizar los textos de justificación judiciales desde la perspectiva del público a quien se dirigen? Hemos respondido a esta pregunta mediante el desarrollo de una metodología para el análisis de textos de justificación judiciales, investigando el comportamiento de la escritura judicial. Este artículo se centra en los obstáculos metodológicos que tuvimos que sortear y los errores que cometimos y tuvimos que corregir. Los informes de investigación en todos los artículos de investigación sociojurídica ofrecen una descripción positiva y lineal de la investigación. Este artículo quiere demostrar que la prueba y el error eran inevitables durante el proceso de investigación eran inevitables, y podrían haberse evitado si hubiéramos tenido mayor

  8. On Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Independence

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Comtois, Suzanne; de Graaf, K.J.

    2013-01-01

    'Principles of judicial and quasi-judicial independence are fundamental to all democracies and yet, the notion of independence is still elusive. What is judicial and quasi-judicial independence and why is it important? From whom and what are the judiciary and other adjudicators to be independent? Is

  9. [On the competitiveness between parties in judicial proceedings with the participation of a forensic medical expert].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Topil'skaia, E V; Kadochnikov, D S; Makarov, I Iu; Pankratova, I V; Rakitin, V A

    2011-01-01

    The authors report the results of analysis of the rights of the participants in judicial proceedings (both the prosecution and the defense) to appoint and carry out forensic medical expertise in the course of the criminal court process.

  10. Promoting Justices: Media Coverage of Judicial Nominations in Israel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bryna Bogoch

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper compares the framing of the coverage of judicial appointments in Israel in 2008 in two newspapers with nomination news from preceding years and to the patterns of press coverage in the U.S. A content analysis of 101 Supreme Court nomination articles indicated that unlike the political frame of American coverage, the press in Israel preserves its ostensible commitment to the professionalism of judges while linking the Supreme Court to political maneuvering in the selection of candidates. These findings are discussed within the context of the media's role in constructing judicial nominations as a debate about the role of the Supreme Court in Israeli society. Este artículo compara el marco de la cobertura de los nombramientos judiciales en Israel en 2008 en dos periódicos, con noticias de nombramientos de años anteriores y en los Estados Unidos, con los patrones de cobertura de prensa en los EE.UU. Un análisis de contenido de 101 artículos de nombramientos de la Corte Suprema indicó que, a diferencia del marco político de la cobertura de América, la prensa en Israel consierva su aparente compromiso con la profesionalidad de los jueces, a pesar de que relaciona la Corte Suprema con maniobras políticas en la selección de candidatos. Estos resultados se discuten en el contexto del papel de los medios de comunicación en la construcción de los nombramientos judiciales como un debate sobre el papel de la Corte Suprema en la sociedad israelí. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2478756

  11. Supreme Court Update

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taylor, Kelley R.

    2009-01-01

    "Chief Justice Flubs Oath." "Justice Ginsburg Has Cancer Surgery." At the start of this year, those were the news headlines about the U.S. Supreme Court. But January 2009 also brought news about key education cases--one resolved and two others on the docket--of which school administrators should take particular note. The Supreme Court updates on…

  12. Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zirkel, Perry A.

    2016-01-01

    This article provides an up-to-date and comprehensive canvassing of the judicial case law concerning the responses to students with concussions in the public school context. The two categories of court decisions are (a) those concerning continued participation in interscholastic athletics, referred to under the rubric of "return to play"…

  13. The tightness of control procedures in the legal protection provided by jurisdiction against directives issued by the Federal Government - a problem of competence distribution between the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Administrative Court?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zimmermann, B.

    1992-01-01

    The tightness of control procedures in the legal protection provided by jurisdiction against directives issued by the Federal Government - a problem of competence distribution between the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Administrative Court? The article examines questions of recourse to the competent court, problems concerning the admissibility of legal proceedings before the Federal Admininstrative Court, the competence of the Laender in performing administrative acts on behalf of the Federation, the effectiveness of legal protection and the relationship between the Laender and the Federation in terms of responsibility for constitutional rights. The legal protection offered by administrative law, against a directive of the Federal Government is wholly ineffective, as there is no legal position a Land could bring into play to defened itself against a directive leading to unlawful action. Inequites which thus occur can however be met via a dispute between the Federation and the Laender as provided by the constitution, as the content of a directive becomes relevant in attempts to exert influence on the competence issue. Ultimately the rulings of the Basic Law on competence serve to protect the citizen and the community against excesses. In this connection the constitutional rights in their capacity as negative competence rulings disqualify executive acts. (orig./HSCH) [de

  14. [Legal and sanitary aspects conditioning access to medicines in Brazilian courts].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandolfo, Mércia; Delduque, Maria Célia; Amaral, Rita Goreti

    2012-01-01

    The search for having access to health care and medicines right granted through Judicial Courts has increased in Brazil. What has been nominated "health judicialization" is a multidimensional phenomenon, a need for dealing with it in a multidisciplinary way involving legal-judicial, political-institutional and sanitary approaches has raised. The Health is recognized as a fundamental human right in the Brazilian Constitution giving it a different legal protection under the legal-constitutional order and the country guarantees the right to health are not only the Constitution and the law strictly, but mainly in an normative infralegal arc that define the goals and outcomes to be achieved by public policy. The lawsuits by drugs may be a reflection of the difficulty of access to health services, to empty and downgrading of health care. Therefore, this turns out to affect the judicialization of pharmaceutical care in Brazil.

  15. Public Politics of Health and Aspects of its Judicialization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Fernando dos Santos

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This article was elaborated in order to analyze issues relating to the judicialization of cases involving health, understanding health as a public policy aimed at to guarantee the fundamental right to it linked, that is, the concept of health that the authos intended to work is not far from that contained in the combined reading of Articles 6 and 196 of the Constitution, consecrators to be the health, universal right and duty of the state, guaranteed through social and economic policies aimed at to reduce the risk of disease and other becomes, ensuring also the universal and equal access to actions and services for its promotion, protection and recovery. With this approach it is intended to analyze the feasibility and consequences of judicial control of social and economic policies of promotion, protection and recovery, access, anyway, the effective flow to the fundamental right. Relating to the methodological aspects employed in the analysis of the issue concerning to the health, it was searched in the interpretation of constitutional provisions that secure the subjective right the starting point of the analysis as well as the unwavering appreciation of inseparability of judicial control in the context of public policy, assessing possible limits of the judicial branch, and then to realize a brief analysis of previous trial in the Supreme Court and extract from this jurisprudencial context the minimum goals for aspects of health judicialization.

  16. Judicial control of administrative activity and advantages of reorganization of the juridical system in the Republic of Kosovo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florent Muçaj

    2016-01-01

    In the last part of the paper there are clear and consistent conclusions and significant recommendations relating to general views about judicial control, with particular emphasis on their practical implementation in the Republic of Kosovo and the way of adjustment with the reforms in the field of administrative justice which are at the beginnings of the implementation.

  17. The Role of Communication in the French Judicial System

    OpenAIRE

    Emmanuel Jeuland; Anastasia Sotiropoulou

    2012-01-01

    Communication has recently acquired a central role in the French judicial system. Being an integral part of the management of courts, it is crucial in building the image of justice, as it can affect procedural principles, in particular, the principles of impartiality and of reasonable time. A good image of justice promotes the appearance of efficiency and impartiality. Justice has not only to be fair, but also to be seen as such, according to the well-known proverb.

  18. Law-making functions of the Chinese courts:Judicial activism in a country of rapid social changes

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    WANG Chenguang

    2006-01-01

    The judicial production of law and the legislative production of law make a striking distinction between the two legal traditions.Despite of these differences,judges in both legal traditions in adjudicating cases have a common task,which is the application of legal rules to the facts of cases pending for judgments.The tension between the certainty and the "discretion" is universal for any legal system and,to a certain extent,it poses a hard dilemma for the rhetoric of rule of law.In the transitional countries such as China where rapid social changes and transformations take place,the judiciary and judges can not escape from taking more active roles in interpreting or even law making process.It arouses much controversy,particularly in continental legal traditions,for the judiciary is deemed to perform a mechanical role in adjudicating cases.This article intends to analyze the needs for judicial law.making function in China and its reasons.It reveals that judicial interpretation constitutes an important source of law despite its ambiguous legislative position.The article argues that judicial activism is inevitable against the transitional nature of current Chinese society.

  19. School Discipline in the Dark: Crippling Court Confusion Offers Mixed Messages for School Administrators Attempting to Discipline Students for Cyber Misconduct

    Science.gov (United States)

    Summers, Beth A.

    2013-01-01

    This dissertation examines the demarcation line of school authority between off campus conduct and on campus discipline involving student cyber speech. A lack of clear direction from the Supreme court has left school administrators wading through a quagmire of advice and disparate lower court rulings regarding their authority to punish students…

  20. In the public interest: intellectual disability, the Supreme Court, and the death penalty.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abeles, Norman

    2010-11-01

    This article deals with a case that recently came before the U.S. Supreme Court. The issues involved whether attorneys provided effective assistance to a person convicted of murder when no mitigating evidence was presented (either strategically or by neglect) to the jury concerning the intellectual disabilities of their client during the death penalty phase of the trial. The Supreme Court had previously ruled that the death penalty for intellectually disabled individuals (mentally retarded) constituted cruel and unusual punishment. In this case the attorneys made a strategic decision not to present possibly mitigating evidence for the death penalty phase. The Supreme Court considered whether the appeals court abdicated its judicial review responsibilities. The results of psychological evaluations are presented, and the decisions of the Supreme Court are discussed. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

  1. 20 CFR 404.984 - Appeals Council review of administrative law judge decision in a case remanded by a Federal court.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... Council review of administrative law judge decision in a case remanded by a Federal court. (a) General. In... final decision in your case or subsequently considered by the administrative law judge in the... of the Commissioner after remand, or it will remand the case to an administrative law judge for...

  2. Mutual Trust before the Court of Justice of the European Union

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prechal, A.

    2017-01-01

    The principle of mutual trust is not mentioned in the Treaties, but nonetheless, it has be-come a structural principle of EU law. The present contribution, written from the perspective of ‘everyday judicial practice’, explores how this principle has been given shape in the case law of the Court of

  3. A constituição de 1988, vinte anos depois: suprema corte e ativismo judicial "à brasileira" The Brazilian 1988 constitution twenty years on: supreme court and activism in a "Brazilian mode"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Paulo Verissimo

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo examina as transformações por que vem passando o Supremo Tribunal Federal nos últimos anos, relacionando-as à sua reconfiguração institucional ocorrida por ocasião da Constituição de 1988. essas transformações são apresentadas como respostas a um duplo fenômeno (impulsionado por essa mesma reconfiguração institucional de incremento do papel político do tribunal, por um lado, e de sobrecarga extraordinária de seu volume de trabalho, por outro. Essa tensão reflete no modelo misto de controle de constitucionalidade no Brasil e parece apontar para mudanças iminentes nesse mesmo modelo, algumas das quais já vêm sendo concebidas pelo próprio tribunal.The Brazilian Supreme Court is currently changing. This process of change seems to aim at solving a important contradiction caused by the institutional redesign of the court in the 1988 Constitution that, on the one hand, has transformed it into one of the country's major political actors, but, on the other hand, has also caused its dockets to get incredibly overloaded, forcing the court to deal with more then 100,000 cases a year. The solution for such paradox will probably lead to changes in the Brazilian mixed model of judicial review, and some of these changes are already been conceived by the jurisprudence of the court itself.

  4. The International Criminal Court: Why We Need It, How We Got It, Our Concern About It

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    MacCuish, Donald A; Hater, David A; Dubriske, Steven D; Ruby, Tomislav

    2005-01-01

    ... extreme. The problem with judicial proceedings is that they can have a hint of victor's justice, especially if the jurisdiction, legitimacy, and authority of the court are not established in advance...

  5. Settlement of Tax Disputes in the Russian Federation and Germany

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anastasiya Alexandrovna Konyukhova

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This article is devoted to the settlement of tax disputes in the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. The features of the conflict settlement mechanism are both shown in the stage of administrative and judicial review. In accordance with German law, the administrative stage of dispute resolution, carried out by the tax authority, always precedes the filing of a complaint to a court. Consequently, the taxpayer submits his first application in writing to the tax authority that issued the tax act, though in some cases to a higher tax authority. This obligatory procedure was borrowed by the Russian tax system. The trial stage of tax dispute settlement in Germany is carried out by specialized courts, forming a two-level system for legal proceedings. Thus, the tax dispute submitted to the Court is settled first by the financial lands courts and then by the higher Federal Financial Court. However, the Federal Financial Court takes into consideration only certain categories of actions listed in the Act (the Regulations of finance courts (Finanzgerichtordnung. In Russia appeals of administrative review of tax conflicts, unlike in the German system, are handled by arbitration and general jurisdiction courts. The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for settling economic disputes and other cases considered by arbitration courts in implementing federal procedural judicial supervision over their activities and provides explanations regarding judicial practices. Arbitration courts established at the level of the Federation to resolve disputes involving commercial entities, e.g. enterprises and entrepreneurs, resolve the bulk of tax disputes. These courts are composed of specially created panels of judges known as bars, i.e. groups of judges who specialize in reviewing taxation cases.

  6. The Job Market for Justice: Screening and selecting candidates for the International Court of Justice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Creamer, Cosette; Godzimirska, Zuzanna

    2017-01-01

    Over the past few decades, states have granted greater independence and authority to international courts, yet still retain their ability to control who sits on the bench. This article examines how governments use their power of judicial nomination and appointment in the context of the Internatio......Over the past few decades, states have granted greater independence and authority to international courts, yet still retain their ability to control who sits on the bench. This article examines how governments use their power of judicial nomination and appointment in the context...... of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and assesses the relative influence of three factors on states’ vote choices for ICJ candidates: the candidates’ probability of (in)sensitivity to political considerations; their qualifications; and the role of inter-state politics. Drawing on a new dataset of candidates...... signaling a probability of insensitivity to political considerations reduce a candidate’s expected vote share. A candidate’s qualifications, on the other hand, do not appear to make a considerable difference in winning more votes. Finally, the amount of support during the nomination stage is highly...

  7. [The thesis of judicialization of health care by the elites: medication for mucopolysaccharidosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Medeiros, Marcelo; Diniz, Debora; Schwartz, Ida Vanessa Doederlein

    2013-04-01

    This paper evaluates the hypothesis that the judicialization of medicine for mucopolysaccharidosis in Brazil is an action promoted by economic elites. Previous studies upholding the thesis of judicialization by elites in the case of other types of medication that are more costly for the Unified Health Service are discussed. An analysis of all 196 processes containing information about judicial processes brought to court between February 2006 and December 2010 that ended by determining that the State should provide such medication free of charge to patients was conducted. There is evidence that attorneys' fees were covered by entities interested in the results of judicialization, such as the distributors or pharmaceutical industries. Patients may also be migrating for diagnosis and treatment to university centers that are a benchmark for medical innovation in the country, as the option for public health services is related to their higher technical and scientific capacity. Therefore, the resort to private lawyers, indicators of social exclusion based on the address of patients and the use of public health services, are not adequate class information to corroborate or refute the thesis of judicialization by the elites.

  8. The Role of Communication in the French Judicial System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emmanuel Jeuland

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Communication has recently acquired a central role in the French judicial system. Being an integral part of the management of courts, it is crucial in building the image of justice, as it can affect procedural principles, in particular, the principles of impartiality and of reasonable time. A good image of justice promotes the appearance of efficiency and impartiality. Justice has not only to be fair, but also to be seen as such, according to the well-known proverb.

  9. Judicial astrology in theory and practice in later medieval Europe.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carey, Hilary M

    2010-06-01

    Interrogations and elections were two branches of Arabic judicial astrology made available in Latin translation to readers in western Europe from the twelfth century. Through an analysis of the theory and practice of interrogations and elections, including the writing of the Jewish astrologer Sahl b. Bishr, this essay considers the extent to which judicial astrology was practiced in the medieval west. Consideration is given to historical examples of interrogations and elections mostly from late medieval English manuscripts. These include the work of John Dunstaple (ca. 1390-1453), the musician and astrologer who is known have served at the court of John, duke of Bedford. On the basis of the relatively small number of surviving historical horoscopes, it is argued that the practice of interrogations and elections lagged behind the theory.

  10. Understanding Decision-Making in Specialized Domestic Violence Courts: Can Contemporary Theoretical Frameworks Help Guide These Decisions?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pinchevsky, Gillian M

    2016-05-22

    This study fills a gap in the literature by exploring the utility of contemporary courtroom theoretical frameworks-uncertainty avoidance, causal attribution, and focal concerns-for explaining decision-making in specialized domestic violence courts. Using data from two specialized domestic violence courts, this study explores the predictors of prosecutorial and judicial decision-making and the extent to which these factors are congruent with theoretical frameworks often used in studies of court processing. Findings suggest that these theoretical frameworks only partially help explain decision-making in the courts under study. A discussion of the findings and implications for future research is provided. © The Author(s) 2016.

  11. Realisation of power systems and European nature conservation. The actual jurisdiction of the Federal Administrative Court; Realisierung von Energieanlagen und europaeischer Naturschutz. Die aktuelle Rechtsprechung des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anger, Christoph [avocado rechtsanwaelte, Koeln (Germany)

    2011-03-15

    For a long time, the right of nature conservation and landscape conservation showed a shadowy existence in the approval of projects. Some actual decisions of the Supreme Court show that in the last years the nature conservation law developed to a central area of conflict in the licensing procedure. The contribution under consideration reports on the legal material using three selected problem areas from the law on the protection of area and law on the protection of species. On the one hand, the Federal Administrative Court (Leipzig, Federal Republic of Germany) always upgrades the requirements. However, on the other hand the Federal Administrative Court attaches great importance to practicability. The Federal Administrative Court often points to a way, how projects can be realized with a careful nature conservation related attendance also at difficult environmental conditions.

  12. A Judicialisation of Healthcare Policies in Denmark and Spain?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg; Mayoral, Juan A.

    2017-01-01

    by the ex-post judicial, administrative and political responses, particularly the national courts’ activation of EU law. By using new data, a compilation of national court cases, quasi-judicial proceedings and research interviews with key respondents, we examine the process of judicialisation in the two......This paper examines the impact of judicialisation on the right to cross-border healthcare in Denmark and Spain, i.e., the national impact of legal integration as spurred by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). We expect the national impact of judicialisation to be conditioned...... member states. The findings demonstrate that the national courts hardly played a role in Denmark and that although the courts were more active in Spain, the rulings remained largely unobserved by the political and administrative elite and the courts were thus unable to push for change. The administrative...

  13. Where Theory and Law Meet: Trends in Establishment Clause Jurisprudence in the US Federal Courts and Implications for Science Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    King, Lance E.; Southerland, Sherry A.

    2013-01-01

    In this study, federal court opinions and writings of legal scholars, spanning 63 years of establishment clause jurisprudence in the US federal courts were analysed in an effort to determine dominant trends in judicial philosophy that are of significance to science educators. The study's findings suggest that the dominant legal theory underpinning…

  14. Access the Unified Health System actions and services from the perspective of judicialization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramos, Raquel de Souza; Gomes, Antonio Marcos Tosoli; de Oliveira, Denize Cristina; Marques, Sergio Corrêa; Spindola, Thelma; Nogueira, Virginia Paiva Figueiredo

    2016-01-01

    the judicialization of health is incorporated into the daily work of health institutions in Brazil through the court orders for access. In this study, the objective was to describe the contents of the social representations of access, through judicialization, for the health professionals. qualitative study based on Social Representations Theory, involving 40 professionals, at a teaching hospital and at the center for the regulation of beds and procedures in Rio de Janeiro. Forty semistructured interviews were held, to which the thematic-categorical content analysis technique was applied. the health professionals' attitude towards the reality the judicialization imposes is negative, but they acknowledge this resource as necessary in view of the public health crisis. Judicialization is considered a strategy to exercise citizenship that superimposes individual on collective law, increases social inequalities in access and compromises the efficacy of health policies. considering social representation as a determinant of practices, the representations that emerged can contribute to the change of the professionals' practices. Improvements in user care should be promoted, characterized as one of the main challenges to advance in universal access to health.

  15. Adaptive Interventions in Drug Court: A Pilot Experiment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marlowe, Douglas B.; Festinger, David S.; Arabia, Patricia L.; Dugosh, Karen L.; Benasutti, Kathleen M.; Croft, Jason R.; McKay, James R.

    2009-01-01

    This pilot study (N = 30) experimentally examined the effects of an adaptive intervention in an adult misdemeanor drug court. The adaptive algorithm adjusted the frequency of judicial status hearings and clinical case-management sessions according to pre-specified criteria in response to participants' ongoing performance in the program. Results revealed the adaptive algorithm was acceptable to both clients and staff, feasible to implement with greater than 85% fidelity, and showed promise for eliciting clinically meaningful improvements in drug abstinence and graduation rates. Estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.40 to 0.60 across various dependent measures. Compared to drug court as-usual, participants in the adaptive condition were more likely to receive responses from the drug court team for inadequate performance in the program and received those responses after a substantially shorter period of time. This suggests the adaptive algorithm may have more readily focused the drug court team's attention on poorly-performing individuals, thus allowing the team to “nip problems in the bud” before they developed too fully. These preliminary data justify additional research evaluating the effects of the adaptive algorithm in a fully powered experimental trial. PMID:19724664

  16. ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND THE INSTITUTIONAL LIMITS OF INDEPENDENT COURTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Micah B. Rankin

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Canadian citizens’ inability to access courts has been a subject of controversy for decades. Despite widespread evidence that Canada’s legal aid system is faltering, governments continue to be unwilling to commit the resources necessary to remedy the problem. In the meantime, Canadian courts have failed to develop constitutional standards defining the government’s obligations to ensure that Canadians have access to courts. In this paper, the author argues that people’s inability to access courts and obtain legal representation not only has implications for their rights and interests, but may also create specific burdens on courts and judges that can sometimes undermine their independence. The author argues that the traditional view of judicial independence is too narrow and should be expanded. Judicial independence, the author claims, is best understood as a variable bundle of rights, guarantees and powers conferred on courts and judges that preserves and enhances their abilities to adjudicate impartially, maintain a constitutional distribution of powers and uphold the rule of law. Since people’s inability to access courts and obtain legal representation can impair the judiciary’s ability to preserve these values, the author argues that judicial independence is undermined. Relying on his broadened conception of judicial independence, the author claims that it is possible to correct problems of inaccessibility by recognizing that courts have a power to appoint state-funded counsel in appropriate circumstances in order to preserve their independence. L’incapacité des Canadiens d’avoir accès aux tribunaux est sujet de controverse depuis des décennies. En dépit des nombreuses preuves de l’affaiblissement du système d’aide juridique du Canada, les gouvernements refusent encore d’engager les ressources nécessaires pour remédier au problème. Parallèlement, les tribunaux canadiens n’ont pas réussi à élaborer des

  17. Is the United States Supreme Court an Undemocratic Institution? An Outsider’s Perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Łukasz Machaj

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The United States Supreme Court has often been accused of engaging in judicial activism, of subverting legislatures’ will and of undermining the basic principles of the democratic system. This article maintains that such charges are generally unfounded. The author claims that the Supreme Court’s detractors ignore five fundamental issues. First, they misunderstand the very nature and basic rules of a constitutional democracy. Second, they tend to ignore the role played by constitutions in general and the American Constitution in particular in social reality, effectively forgetting the reasons for the latter’s hallowed place in the United States national psyche. Third, they ignore the presence of political factors (and even partisan calculations in the process of appointments to the U.S. Supreme Court. Fourth, they misconceive the realities of the process of legal reasoning and of constitutional interpretation. Fifth, they underestimate or even fail to recognize the influence of public opinion on the basic trends of judicial decision-making.

  18. The rights of the dying: the refusal of medical treatments in Argentine courts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pedro Alonso

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper addresses the judicialization of end of life medical decision-making, as part of the advance of the justice system in the regulation of medical practice and the rise of recognition of patient autonomy. The article analyzes, from a sociological standpoint, legal decisions regarding treatment refusal at the end of life produced by the Argentine courts between 1975 and 2015. Based on a qualitative design, 38 sentences collected from jurisprudential databases using key terms were analyzed. First, judicialized cases during the period are described; these are characterized by a high proportion of claims presented by health institutions, a pro-treatment bias in the legal actions requested, and a high percentage of unnecessary litigation in the absence of conflicts or in situations that do not require court intervention. Second, legal and extralegal factors affecting the justiciability of decisions to refuse or withdraw medical treatments, such as changes in the law and processes of politicization of claims, are analyzed.

  19. THE RIGHT TO AN INDEPENDENT COURT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALIN-GHEORGHE GAVRILESCU

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available The independence of the court is essential of state of rule, to maintain the stability in juridical intercourse, for the existence of a constitutional democracy achieved through a warranty of the necessary objectivity for the steady and legal settlement of the causes deducted to the trial and the achievement of a fair trial. The article emphasizes the main international juridical tools in which independence of justice is reflected, achieving an examination of judicial practice of European instance as well as an analysis of this principle as it is regulated by Romanian justice.

  20. Performance Assessment in Courts - The Swiss Case

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andreas Lienhard

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Performance assessments have become commonplace in management, even in the public sector. With the increasing pressure on courts to perform while making efficient use of resources, performance assessments in the justice system are also gaining in importance. However, the need for judicial independence poses special challenges for performance assessments in courts. Against this background, this article conducts a constitutional appraisal, and contrasts the need for judicial independence with the principles governing effectiveness and efficiency, self-government and supervision, and appointment and re-appointment. A duty to guarantee justice can be derived from this that does not in principle exclude the performance assessment of judges, but even renders it essential, subject to compliance with certain requirements. In these circumstances, it seems hardly surprising that numerous countries conduct performance assessments of judges and also that various international institutions have developed principles for this purpose, a summary of which is presented – in Switzerland’s case based on a recently conducted survey. In the field of conflict between the guaranteeing justice and protecting the judiciary, the following key questions arise in particular: What is the purpose of performance assessments and what are the consequences?What is subjected to a performance assessment and what are the assessment criteria?How is performance recorded as the basis for the performance assessment?Who is subjected to a performance assessment, and must a distinction be made between judges in higher and lower courts?Who carries out the performance assessment and what methods of protecting one’s rights are available?Who should receive the results of the performance assessment?The contribution sketches out possible answers to these key questions and aims to encourage academics and practitioners to give further consideration to this subject.

  1. 28 CFR 810.3 - Consequences of violating the conditions of supervision.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Consequences of violating the conditions of supervision. 810.3 Section 810.3 Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMUNITY SUPERVISION: ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS § 810.3 Consequences of violating the conditions of supervision. ...

  2. 28 CFR 810.1 - Supervision contact requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Supervision contact requirements. 810.1 Section 810.1 Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMUNITY SUPERVISION: ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS § 810.1 Supervision contact requirements. If you are an offender under supervision by th...

  3. The Court versus Consent Decrees? Schools, "Horne v. Flores" and Judicial Strategies of Institutional Reform Litigation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chilton, Bradley; Chwialkowski, Paul

    2014-01-01

    Is the U.S. Supreme Court inviting litigants to take aim at unraveling injunctions in institutional reform litigation--especially consent decrees in the schools? In "Horne v. Flores" (2009), the court remanded a 17-year-old school reform case to a federal judge with orders to look beyond consent decrees on financing, reducing class…

  4. Examining implementation and preliminary performance indicators of veterans treatment courts: The Kentucky experience.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shannon, Lisa M; Birdwhistell, Shira; Hulbig, Shelia K; Jones, Afton Jackson; Newell, Jennifer; Payne, Connie

    2017-08-01

    Veterans' Treatment Courts (VTCs) are posited as a solution to offer rehabilitation for veterans involved in the criminal justice system. Despite the pervasive implementation of VTCs, there is little research focused specifically on VTC implementation and outcomes, which are based on other problem-solving court models such as drug court. The current study presents qualitative process evaluation data from key stakeholders (n=21) and veteran participants (n=4) to show accomplishments, challenges, and lessons learned during first-year implementation at two VTC sites. Quantitative performance data is also presented on veteran participants (n=19) served during the first year to show: types of services, monitoring, judicial interaction, sanctions/therapeutic responses, and rewards, as well as preliminary data on recidivism. Qualitative data, from both key stakeholders and veteran participants, suggests that offering rehabilitation via various program components, services/referrals, and accountability are critical to the success of the VTC. Data also provides valuable lessons learned for VTC implementation including communication, collaboration, information/protocols, and resources. Performance data shows that a variety of services are utilized and that frequent judicial interaction, drug testing, and sanctions are cornerstones of the VTC. Implications and future directions for research are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Science and judicial proceedings--seventy-six years on.

    Science.gov (United States)

    French, Robert

    2009-10-01

    The intersection of law and science, particularly in relation to causality and the legal concept of causation, were of considerable interest to Sir Owen Dixon. In this article, revisiting Dixon's 1933 lecture "Science and Judicial Proceedings", the Chief Justice refers to Dixon's deep interest in science and the issues to which it can give rise in legal proceedings. The 1933 lecture followed shortly after the judgment of the High Court in Australian Knitting Mills Ltd v Grant (1933) 50 CLR 387 which involved consideration of expert testimony and causal connections between product characteristics and personal injury to the consumer.

  6. Judicial Understanding of the Reliability of Eyewitness Evidence: A Tale of Two Cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lirieka Meintjes-van der Walt

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available One of the most significant consequences of the use of post-conviction DNA testing in the criminal justice system has been the growing recognition that eyewitness identification testimony is simply not as reliable as it was previously considered to be. In approximately 75% of DNA exonerations in the United States, mistaken eyewitness identifications were the principal cause of wrongful convictions. Notwithstanding scientific advances regarding human memory and other factors that could influence identifications by eyewitnesses, courts have not shown eagerness in utilising such scientific knowledge in reaching legal decisions. Two cases have been chosen for discussion in this article. In S v Henderson 27 A 3d 872 (NJ 2011 the New Jersey Supreme Court was the first in State and Federal jurisdictions in the US that adopted a science-based approach to the evaluation of eyewitness evidence. The other case under discussion is S v Mdlongwa 2010 2 SACR 419 (SCA, a South African Supreme Court of Appeal judgment, where the identification of the perpetrator was based on an eyewitness account and the evidence of an expert on CCTV images. In part one of this article the research findings with regard to estimator variables that were acknowledged in S v Henderson are discussed. Part two specifically scrutinizes S v Mdlongwa to determine the extent to which psychological eyewitness research findings are recognised in South Africa as having an influence on the reliability of eyewitness evidence. In Henderson the court recognised that the legal standards governing the admissibility and use of identification evidence lagged far behind the findings of numerous studies in the social sciences. The new wave introduced by S v Henderson has not gone unnoticed in other State courts in the USA. In Massachusetts, for example, the Justices of the Supreme Judicial Court convened a study group on Eyewitness Evidence and the resulting report inter alia recommended judicial

  7. Medical negligence liability under the consumer protection act: A review of judicial perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Joga Rao, S V

    2009-07-01

    It is important to know what constitutes medical negligence. A doctor owes certain duties to the patient who consults him for illness. A deficiency in this duty results in negligence. A basic knowledge of how medical negligence is adjudicated in the various judicial courts of India will help a doctor to practice his profession without undue worry about facing litigation for alleged medical negligence.

  8. Medical negligence liability under the consumer protection act: A review of judicial perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S V Joga Rao

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available It is important to know what constitutes medical negligence. A doctor owes certain duties to the patient who consults him for illness. A deficiency in this duty results in negligence. A basic knowledge of how medical negligence is adjudicated in the various judicial courts of India will help a doctor to practice his profession without undue worry about facing litigation for alleged medical negligence.

  9. Do Resources, Justice Administration Practices And Federalism Have An Impact On Registered And Sentenced Crime Prevalence?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christophe Koller

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available This contribution, based on a statistical approach, undertakes to link data on resources (personnel and financial means and the working of the administration of penal justice (prosecution, sentencing taking into account the nationality of those prosecuted. In order to be able to distinguish prosecution and sentencing practices of judicial authorities and possible processes of discrimination, diverse sources have been used such as data from court administrations, public finances and police forces, collected by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the Swiss Federal administration of finances. The authors discuss discrimination in prosecution and sentencing between Swiss residents and foreigners taking into account localization and resources regarding personnel and public finances.

  10. Investor-state tribunals and constitutional courts: The Mexican sweeteners saga

    OpenAIRE

    Puig, Sergio

    2017-01-01

    This article tackles the complex question of the relationship between international and domestic adjudicatory bodies. It does so by analyzing the debate between liberals and developmentalists over the effects of investor-state arbitration tribunals on domestic courts. For liberals, investor-state tribunals are a positive complement to domestic judicial institutionsfor their ability to "de-politicize" investment disputes, leading to economic policy stability that encourages foreign investment....

  11. Court-Driven Reform and Equal Educational Opportunity: Centralization, Decentralization, and the Shifting Judicial Role

    Science.gov (United States)

    Superfine, Benjamin Michael

    2010-01-01

    Judicial decisions focusing on equal educational opportunity involve significant issues of educational governance and often involve explicit questions about the extent to which authority to make educational decisions should be centralized or decentralized across various institutions and entities. This review aims at clarifying scholars'…

  12. Evaluation of the Truancy Court Diversion Program in the District of Columbia, 2011-12

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cahill, Meagan; Liberman, Akiva

    2012-01-01

    An evaluation of the Truancy Court Diversion Program (TCDP) found that despite significant implementation challenges, parent-child communication and youths' attitudes towards school both improved. A voluntary program for middle school students at risk for chronic truancy, TCDP involves judicially-led sessions that address student attitudes…

  13. Judicial aspects in risk assessment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lukes, R.

    1977-01-01

    Decisions of administrative authorities concerning the permission to use fissile material contain a prognosis about the probability of damage which may be caused by using this material. The judicial criteria used in order to determine the probability of such a damage occurring can be improved by risk analysis. This will not, of course, reduce administrative decisions to simple 'yes-or-no decisions', but the calculation of probabilities will gain more exactness. (orig.) [de

  14. Access the Unified Health System actions and services from the perspective of judicialization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel de Souza Ramos

    Full Text Available Objective: the judicialization of health is incorporated into the daily work of health institutions in Brazil through the court orders for access. In this study, the objective was to describe the contents of the social representations of access, through judicialization, for the health professionals. Method: qualitative study based on Social Representations Theory, involving 40 professionals, at a teaching hospital and at the center for the regulation of beds and procedures in Rio de Janeiro. Forty semistructured interviews were held, to which the thematic-categorical content analysis technique was applied. Results: the health professionals' attitude towards the reality the judicialization imposes is negative, but they acknowledge this resource as necessary in view of the public health crisis. Judicialization is considered a strategy to exercise citizenship that superimposes individual on collective law, increases social inequalities in access and compromises the efficacy of health policies. Conclusion: considering social representation as a determinant of practices, the representations that emerged can contribute to the change of the professionals' practices. Improvements in user care should be promoted, characterized as one of the main challenges to advance in universal access to health.

  15. Comments on the Lambert case: the rulings of the French Conseil d'État and the European Court of Human Rights.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veshi, Denard

    2017-06-01

    This study examines the decisions of the French Conseil d'Etat (Supreme Administrative Court) and the European Court of Human Rights in the Lambert case concerning the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. After presenting the facts of this case, the main legal question will be analyzed from an ethical and medical standpoint. The decisions of the Conseil d'État and then of the European Court of Human Rights are studied from a comparative legal perspective. This commentary focuses on the autonomous will of an unconscious patient and on the judicial interpretation of the right to life as recognized in article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, it medically classifies artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) as a "treatment" which has ethical and legal implications. While the majority of the bioethical community considers ANH a medical treatment, a minority argues that ANH is basic care. This classification is ambiguous and has conflicting legal interpretations. In the conclusion, the author highlights how a French lawmaker in February 2016, finally clarified the status of ANH as a medical treatment which reconciled the different values at stake.

  16. Federal Court of Administration dismissed appeals in nuclear power plant proceedings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    On July 18, 1980 the Federal Court of Administration handed down several decisions made in proceedings on nuclear power stations. It dismissed the appeal field by the complaining party. 1. In the proceedings concerning the Kruemmel reactor being about to be completed, the World Association for the Protecteion of Life was again denied the right to file a complaint. 2. In the proceedings concerning the nuclear power station under construction at Muelheim-Kaerlich, the objections raised were regarded as being insufficient for repealing the licence. 3. In the proceedings concerning the nuclear power staion at Wyhl which has not been built yet, the objections raised were declared not to be sufficiently substantiated in time. The written opinions of all proceedings are not yet available. (HSCH) [de

  17. Legislation and judicial practice on illegitimate children in 19th century Serbia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kulauzov Maša

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Legal position of non-marital children according to 19th century Serbian legislature and judicial practice is examined in this paper. Provisions and court decisions on personal rights, property rights and rights of succession of illegitimate children are presented and critically analyzed. Children born out of wedlock were not equal to children born in lawful marriage. Therefore, significance of legalization of illegitimate children regarding improvement of their legal status is accentuated. As non-marital relationships were condemned in patriarchal Serbian 19th century society, illegitimate children were considered a product of sin and family disgrace. Hence, legislative and judicial attempts to protect their interests and improve their legal position are emphasized in this paper. Beside legalization, adoption was also the way to better position of illegitimate children in great extent, as adopted child was granted the status of a child born in lawful marriage. That is a reason why judicial practice concerning adoption, widespread in 19th century Serbia, is scrutinized and critically analyzed in the article.

  18. Relaciones entre el Congreso Nacional y el Poder Judicial: La Importancia de la Apertura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Soto Velasco

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones entre el Congreso Nacional y el Poder Judicial a través de dos instituciones existentes en nuestro ordenamiento: el proceso de nombramiento de Ministros de la Corte Suprema y los informes que esta última envía al Congreso Nacional en ciertos proyectos de ley. En el caso de las nominaciones de Ministros a la Corte Suprema se estudia como ha operado el sistema desde la incorporación del Senado en 1997 hasta el año 2005. Se analiza cómo la transparencia del proceso, la posibilidad de conocer la historia profesional del nominado y audiencias abiertas contribuirían a incentivar una decisión centrada en criterios de calidad. El documento también se centra en el contenido y la influencia de los informes que envía la Corte Suprema al Congreso Nacional con ocasión de la tramitación de proyectos de ley que contienen normas que modifican la organización o atribuciones de los tribunales de justicia. En esta instancia, permitir el acceso a los informes también tendría positivas consecuencias. En definitiva, aunque hay otras vías de comunicación entre el Congreso y el Poder Judicial, se profundiza únicamente en las mencionadas pues del estudio se concluye que ambas tenderían a aumentar el potencial que de suyo ya tienen si se incorpora apertura en los procesosThis paper analyzes the relationship between the Chilean Congress and Judicial power, focusing on two institutions: the nomination process to appoint Supreme Court justices and the reports that the Supreme Court is constitutionally obligated to send to the Congress when specific types of bills are introduced. The appointment of Supreme Court candidates is studied from the Senate's incorporation in the process from 1997 until 2005. The author states that a more transparent process, including the publication of the candidate's backgrounds and public hearings, would increase the incentives to nominate the most qualified candidates. The paper also

  19. 20 CFR 405.505 - Extension of time to file a civil action.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ....505 Section 405.505 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Judicial Review § 405.505 Extension of time to file a civil... judicial review in a Federal district court. Your request must be in writing and explain why the action was...

  20. 28 CFR 804.3 - Restrictions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Restrictions. 804.3 Section 804.3 Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS § 804.3 Restrictions. (a) The Agency is not authorized to accept gifts of money, stock...

  1. [The judicialization of health care: a case study of three state courts in Brazil].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Travassos, Denise Vieira; Ferreira, Raquel Conceição; Vargas, Andréa Maria Duarte; de Moura, Rosa Núbia Vieira; Conceição, Elza Maria de Araújo; Marques, Daniela de Freitas; Ferreira, Efigênia Ferreira E

    2013-11-01

    The scope of this study was to describe and compare records of the results of lawsuits filed in three Brazilian courts in cases involving the Unified Health System. A survey was made of the judgments listed on electronic sites of Courts of Justice in the states of Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais using a specific script. A total of 558 judgments was analyzed. There was a greater frequency of ordinary lawsuits (73.1%). In the majority of cases, it was not possible to identify the economic situation of the plaintiff or the legal representative of the defendant (54.5%). In cases where such identification was possible, a public defender was the most common (71.5%). The cases were predominantly individual in all three states. There was a large number of requests for injunctions (83.8%), which were almost always granted (91.2%), with the allegation of urgency/emergency in almost all cases (98.8%). The majority of decisions were favorable to the users of the public healthcare system (97.8%). The decisions studied showed that the users sought to ensure their right to health individually, using the public authorities to file their lawsuit, but there is a perceived difference in posture between legal courts evaluated. There is a strong tendency of the judiciary to accept these requests.

  2. Legal argumentation and judicial decision making: Empirical evidence from Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Castro-Montero

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Legal scholars often analyze argumentation from a formal perspective, mostly applied to judicial decision making. This article presents an alternative approach, as it empirically evaluates the quality of petitioners’ legal argumentation within the context of abstract constitutional review proceedings. The quality of legal argumentation is herein defined as the ability of the petitioner to (i identify the challenged norm and the potentially infringed constitutional norm, (ii present clear and coherent arguments, and (iii justify its arguments upon legal sources, such as jurisprudential precedents or legal doctrine. Original data on forty lawsuits presented before the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court between 2008 and 2016 is used to test whether legal argumentation determines the outcome of a decision. A novel measure of the overall quality of argumentation and strength of cases brought before the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court by both public and private parties is also developed in the form of an expert survey. The main findings suggest that plaintiffs’ legal argumentation quality does not determine the outcome of the final decision of the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court, but rather the type of plaintiff (public or private does.

  3. Limits of verification by the Federal Constitutional Court

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1985-01-01

    The court of administration of Baden-Wuerttemberg passed a resolution on October 27,1983 - 10 S 1102/83 - dismissing the application to revoke the immediate implementation of the first partial construction permit for the joint nuclear power plant Neckar II. As the plaintiff thereupon lodged a complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court the resolution did not become effective immediately. However, the Federal Constitutional Court on October 1, 1984 decreed unanimously in accordance with the section 93a subsection 3 of the law on the Federal Constitutional Court - 1 BvR 231/84 -: ''The constitutional complaint lodged is not taken up for decision because its chances of success are nil.'' Thus the original decision of the court of administration of Baden-Wuerttemberg passed on October 27, 1983 was confirmed by the endorsement of its immediate implementation. (orig./HSCH) [de

  4. Conflicts over Memories in Argentinean Courts. An Ethnographical Perspective of Trials for Crimes Against Humanity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Sanjurjo

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available For over three decades in Argentina, the families of the disappeared of the Military Dictatorship have engaged in political actions to demand “Justice” against human rights violations conducted during the repression. Legal paths to achieve penal liability have been opened since the annulment of the amnesty laws in 2005. Since then, the narratives concerning the past have definitely arisen —and been in dispute— in the Argentinean courts. Based on the ethnography of “trials for crimes against humanity”, the article analyses how victims, State agents accused of human rights violations and judicial actors have converted the courts into a privileged place for the assertion of meanings to the dictatorial past. The intention is to question how the judicial system is being developed into a place for disputes over the production of truth concerning the military dictatorship in Argentina, through an enchantment analysis of the politics and symbolisms that take into consideration the emotional and existential aspects of human action.

  5. 16 CFR 1.19 - Modification of a rule by the Commission at the time of judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Modification of a rule by the Commission at the time of judicial review. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... event that a reviewing court determines under section 18(e)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, to...

  6. Juizados Especiais e Ativismo Judicial à Luz de Luis Alberto Warat

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zenildo Bodnar

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available This article addresses, in a punctual way, some reflections on the judicial activism in the Special Courts camp. It seeks to evaluate the existence of a place for the conciliator in the stir that permeates the procedural and substantial models of legal proceedings. For this, as theoretical references, the postulates of Luis Alberto Warat are used, in order to overcome such dyad in favor of an effective judicial protection, without following the ways of the Free Movement of Law and Instrumentality of Process. For the development of this research, it has been used the inductive method, operated by the operational concepts and techniques of literature.Resumo: O presente artigo aborda de forma pontual algumas reflexões sobre o ativismo judicial na seara dos Juizados Especiais. Procura-se avaliar a existência de um lugar para o conciliador na celeuma que permeia os modelos procedimentalistas e substancialistas de processo jurisdicional. Para tanto, como referencial teórico utiliza-se os postulados de Luis Alberto Warat no intuito de superar a referida díade em favor de uma tutela judicial efetiva, sem que se trilhe os caminhos do Movimento do Direito Livre e da Instrumentalidade do Processo. Utilizou-se, para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, o método indutivo, operacionalizado pelas técnicas de conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa bibliográfica.

  7. The Administrative Consensuality and the Preparation of Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines Within the Framework of The Public Health System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarissa Sampaio Silva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article deals with the need for the Public Administration rescue his decision spaces in relation to the realization of the right to health, as opposed to excessive judicialization. Based on doctrinal and legislative research seeks to demonstrate that the consensuality, new aspects of administrative action, has importance for the development, under the Public Health System, scientific medical consensus, which recommended observance in statements of the National Justice Council . The increase of social participation in the adoption of those guidelines and the opening of institutional dialogue to discuss certain cases can reduce recourse to the courts.

  8. 28 CFR 93.1 - Purpose.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 93.1 Section 93.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROVISIONS IMPLEMENTING THE VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1994 Drug Courts § 93.1 Purpose. This part sets forth requirements and procedures to ensure...

  9. Access the Unified Health System actions and services from the perspective of judicialization1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramos, Raquel de Souza; Gomes, Antonio Marcos Tosoli; de Oliveira, Denize Cristina; Marques, Sergio Corrêa; Spindola, Thelma; Nogueira, Virginia Paiva Figueiredo

    2016-01-01

    Objective: the judicialization of health is incorporated into the daily work of health institutions in Brazil through the court orders for access. In this study, the objective was to describe the contents of the social representations of access, through judicialization, for the health professionals. Method: qualitative study based on Social Representations Theory, involving 40 professionals, at a teaching hospital and at the center for the regulation of beds and procedures in Rio de Janeiro. Forty semistructured interviews were held, to which the thematic-categorical content analysis technique was applied. Results: the health professionals' attitude towards the reality the judicialization imposes is negative, but they acknowledge this resource as necessary in view of the public health crisis. Judicialization is considered a strategy to exercise citizenship that superimposes individual on collective law, increases social inequalities in access and compromises the efficacy of health policies. Conclusion: considering social representation as a determinant of practices, the representations that emerged can contribute to the change of the professionals' practices. Improvements in user care should be promoted, characterized as one of the main challenges to advance in universal access to health. PMID:27143542

  10. Judicial activism, the Biotech Directive and its institutional implications – Is the Court acting as a legislator or a court when defining the ‘human embryo’?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Faeh, Andrea Beata

    2015-01-01

    The Court of Justice of the European Union (Court) delivered a preliminary ruling in 2011 in the case of Oliver Brüstle v Greenpeace on the interpretation of Article 6(2) of the Biotech Directive and thereby established an autonomous concept of the term ‘human embryo’. The Brüstle decision raises...

  11. Issues of Exercising the Right to Defence amid the Explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oksana A. Voltornist

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available The article analyzes the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court No. 29 dated June 30, 2015 “On application of laws by the courts ensuring the right to defense in criminal proceedings”. The author details the applied aspects of certain provisions of the aforementioned document within the criminal procedure legislation and estimates their significance for the judicial and investigative practice

  12. 15 CFR 325.11 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 325.11 Section 325.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS EXPORT TRADE CERTIFICATES OF...

  13. The oral trial and the effective judicial protection: Mismatches of the model established in the Law of Civil Procedure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio José Vélez Toro

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Conciliation, mediation and arbitration are traditional means for the resolution of legal conflicts, which are shaped and promoted as alternatives to the judicial process. Nevertheless, the judicial process, which is the only mean for the resolution of legal conflicts expressly recognized in the Spanish Constitution to exercise the right to an effective judicial protection, is not only the last option to solve the conflict but also the ultimate guarantee of defense against possible breaches occurred within the alternative process chosen. The Spanish juicio verbal (mainly oral and simplified civil procedure in court is the most frequently used procedure in the Spanish Civil and Commercial areas. This is why we intend to approach it from the perspective of the Spanish Constitutional Jurisprudence in order to establish the cases where there is or there has been an impossibility or rejection to exercise the right to an effective judicial protection.

  14. 28 CFR 24.309 - Payment of award.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payment of award. 24.309 Section 24.309 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT IN... decision is not being sought in the United States courts, or that the process for seeking review of the...

  15. Governance and New Technologies: Key Reflections of Informatization on Administrative Management of Judiciary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Correia Da Silva Gomes Caldas

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with the consequences of new technologies in the administrativeorganization of the Judiciary and has good management practices that combine economic and social outcomes allies sustainability. The objective is to analyze how new technologies help in the governance of the Judiciary, especially regarding the transposition of the traditional support process paper to electronic court case. We opted for the bibliographical and documentary research using the deductive method. Justified the search because of democracy and globalization connect judicial governance computerization where it seeks to reconcile an administration results with sustainable practices.

  16. PUBLIC CONTROL UNDER SUSPECTED: A REFLECTION ON THE STRUCTURE OF COURTS OF ACCOUNT AND THE EFFICIENCY OF EXTERNAL CONTROL ON THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maristella Barros Ferreira de Freitas

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The external control in Brazil is constitutional attribution of the legislative power, with the assistance of the Courts of Accounts and aims to oversee the public administration regarding legality, impersonality, morality, efficiency and others. This type of control presupposes a public management, in all areas, proba and efficient, that attends to the yearnings of the society. However, the current news about corruption investigations in the Brazilian public administration indicates that there are flaws in the external control carried out by the Audit Courts. For the relevance of the question, this article intends to investigate the causes of this inefficiency and the alternatives that present to correct it.

  17. Federal administrative health courts are unconstitutional: a reply to Elliott, Narayan, and Nasmith.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Widman, Amy; Hochberg, Francine A

    2008-08-01

    This commentary responds to the essay by Elliott, Narayan, and Nasmith wherein they propose that the federal government may preclude plaintiffs with medically inflicted injuries from bringing state common-law tort claims against those whose negligence caused their injury. The administrative system championed by Elliott and other proponents is a radical departure from the current civil justice system. Specifically, we argue that the administrative health courts, as proposed, violate the commerce clause, the spending clause, the Seventh Amendment, and separation of powers principles. The commentary concludes that such a system is fatally flawed and cannot withstand constitutional scrutiny. Moreover, we are not persuaded that Congress will be able to ground such a radical constitutional restructuring in any sound public policy, as the majority of studies do not evidence Elliott, Narayan, and Nasmith's presumption that the civil justice system has failed in the medical malpractice context.

  18. 13 CFR 117.18 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 117.18 Section 117.18 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY... reasonable attorney's fees, but that the complainant must demand these costs in the complaint; (iii) That...

  19. Legal Bibliography for Juvenile and Family Courts. Supplement 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sheridan, William H.; Freer, Alice B.

    This bibliography provides a listing of journal articles on such topics as: the abused child, adoptions, case decisions, confessions, constitutional law, counsel, court administration and organization, courts, criminal law and procedure, custody, delinquency, domestic relations, due process for juveniles, evidence, family court and family law,…

  20. Case Law: - Canada: Criminal Court decision respecting attempted export of nuclear-related dual use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen vs Yadegari (2010); - Czech Republic: Supreme Administrative Court on the legal status of CEZ (2010)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2010-01-01

    Case law 1: Canada - Criminal Court decision respecting attempted export of nuclear-related dual use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen vs Yadegari (2010). This case concerns a recent, successful prosecution that was undertaken before the Ontario Court of Justice relating to violations of export control legislation in Canada, nuclear regulatory legislation, customs law, criminal law, as well as Canadian law implementing UN Security Council resolutions concerning Iran. The convictions that have been registered in this case, notwithstanding the fact that the decision is currently under appeal,2 demonstrate the importance of a functioning export control regime and effective counter-proliferation strategy. The case represents the first conviction for a regulatory offense under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act,3 in force since 2000, and Mr. Yadegari is the first Canadian to be convicted under the United Nations Act, Canada's legislation by which it implements UN resolutions. Case law 2: Czech Republic - Supreme Administrative Court on the legal status of CEZ (2010). The Supreme Administrative Court in its decision of 6 October 20098 ruled on whether CEZ, a.s., which is the operator of nuclear installations at the Temelin and Dukovany sites in the Czech Republic, is governed by the Act on Free Access to Information. The court stated that the rules laid down in the Act on Free Access to Information, also apply to CEZ which is considered as a 'public institution'. The following reasons led the court to this interpretation: first, CEZ was established by decision of the state in the course of the privatisation process. Secondly, the company is effectively controlled by the state, which is still its majority owner and the profits of the company also compose a portion of state budget revenues. Finally, there is a public interest served in the function of the company

  1. The Recent Judicial Activism in Brazil: Desaposentação From the Perspective of Discursive Games

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica da Silva Cruz

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The desaposentação is a topic that for some time has raised heated debate in the Brazilian legal field. Decisions related to it constitute itself as judicial activism, in that are given by the interference of the courts in the effectiveness of this right. This article aims to analyze some discursive movements that are established in discussions on the concept of judicial activism, taking as an example the desaposentação in Brazil. It analyzes initially discursive aspects of the historical constitution of the concept of judicial activism. Then it talks about the struggles that are established around the senses built on the concept of desaposentação considering that all knowledge is made from games of speeches taken as a set of strategies that are part of social practices born in the plots history. The theoretical framework is guided in Foucault's principles speech about the concepts, wording and your order (Foucault, 1996; 2008. Methodologically assess up concepts of judicial activism, judicial and parliamentary speeches. At last, it turns out that the activist discourse in enforcing rights is permeated by strategy games, action and reaction, of domination and avoidance, as well as struggles.

  2. The gendered effects of family migration law: contextual interpretation as a possible judicial remedy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fulvia Staiano

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available At all normative levels, family migration law can disproportionally and negatively affect immigrant women’s rights in this field, producing gendered effects. In some cases, such effects are related to the normative and judicial imposition of unviable family-related models (e.g., the ʻgood mother ̕ the one-breadwinner family, or a rigid distinction between productive and reproductive work. In other cases, they are due to family migration law’s overlooking of the specific needs and difficulties of immigrant women, within their families and in the broader context of their host countries’ social and normative framework.To effectively expose and correct this gender bias, in this article I propose an alternative view of immigrant women’s right to family life, as a cluster of rights and entitlements rather than as a mono-dimensional right. As a theoretical approach, this construction is better equipped to capture the complex experiences of immigrant women in the European legal space, and to shed light on the gendered effects generated not by individual norms but by the interaction of norms that are traditionally assigned to separated legal domains (e.g., immigration law and criminal law. As a judicial strategy, this understanding is capable of prompting a consideration by domestic and supranational courts of immigrant women not as isolated individuals, but as ‘individuals in context’. I shall define this type of approach as ‘contextual interpretation’, understood as the consideration of immigrant women in the broader contexts of their families, their host societies and the normative frameworks applicable to them. Performed in a gendersensitive manner, a contextual judicial interpretation has the potential to neutralize the gendered effects of certain family migration norms. To illustrate these points, I will discuss selected judicial examples offered by the European Court on Human Rights, as well as from domestic jurisdictions of

  3. Organic Law Of Judicial Guarantees And Constitutional Control

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto López Freire

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper demonstrates the various unconstitutional and fallacies of the Organic Law of Judicial guarantees and Constitutional Control. For that, there will be a comprehensive collation between the mentioned law and the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador and force. Through this analysis shows a lack of knowledge of Ecuadorian law or legal science by their authors. This study elucidated, inter alia, the inconsistencies in matters relating to the interpretation of constitutional provisions, full compensation, material and integral; challenge administrative acts, judicial unit.

  4. The Inconstitucional Res Judicata: The Effects Of Judicial Review In The New Cpc And The Legal Certainty

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Abdalla Pires Leal

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper seeks to evaluate the art. 525, §§ 12 and 15 of the 2015 Code of Civil Procedure, which introduced new hypothesis of the suitability of rescission action founded on unconstitutionality declarated by the Supreme Court that has addressed the legislative foundation that formed the basis for the decision who seeks to terminate, opening new deadline for the filing of this exceptional measure from the statement of the Supreme Court. The analysis takes place in collating this standard with the principles of legal certainty, through the discussion of theory of judicial review to, at the end, assess its constitutionality.

  5. The Federal Administrative Court confirms unlawfulness of nuclear power moratorium. Political primacy is only valid in the bounds of justice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leidinger, Tobias

    2014-01-01

    With its decision on December 20 th , the Federal Administrative Court (BVwerfG) came to the legally valid conclusion that after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, the supervision court order related to the law on nuclear installation by the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, in order to stop operating nuclear power plants Biblis A and B for 3 months or rather not to put in operation again, was unlawful (BVwerfG 7 B 18.13 und 7 B 19.13). Beforehand, the Hessian Administrative Court (Hess. VGH) had already pronounced its judgement on February 27 th 2013. The supervising orders were part of the so-called nuclear power moratorium. They were issued after the resolution of the federal government, at demand of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) towards their nearby countries, and were identically executed by the supervisory authority of the other site-countries. Besides Biblis in Hesse, nuclear power plants in Neckarwestheim I and Philippsburg 1, Baden-Wurttemberg, Isar 1 in Bavaria, Unterweser in Lower Saxony, as well as Brunsbuettel in Schleswig-Holstein, were affected. However only RWE took legal action and was now affirmed - after the Hessian VGH verdict- by the highest German administrative court: The nuclear power moratorium - the first step to withdrawal of nuclear power in Germany - was unlawful. The decision taken by the BVerwG - as well as the one by the Hessian VGH - indicates a juridical clear and precise argumentation. The partially polemic and unobjective critic, which the VHG-verdict experienced, did not disguise, just as little as the political conflict concerning the withdrawal from nuclear energy, the view of federal judges, regarding the decision-relevant questions nor did they influence their reply. The political primacy finds its limits in the bounds of justice. Existing rights do not become thus a paper waste because there is a fundamental decision. This takes effectiveness for

  6. Enforcing the Right to Family Life in Hong Kong Courts: The Case of Dependant Policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matthew Chuen Ngai Tang

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Despite the Hong Kong courts’ seemingly robust protection of fundamental rights and civil liberties, enforcing family rights remains extremely difficult. While the right to family life is safeguarded by both domestic and international human right instruments, applicants in judicial review cases are usually not able to rely on it to challenge the decisions made by the immigration authority. This paper examines the challenges in enforcing the right to family life in Hong Kong’s Dependant Policy with a particular focus on the Hong Kong Court of Appeal’s recent decision in BI v Director of Immigration. The immigration reservation, entered into by the United Kingdom when ratifying the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, has become a justification for a restrictive immigration regime even after the transfer of sovereignty. The Hong Kong courts also repeatedly accord wide discretion to immigration authority. The courts’ reluctance to scrutinize socio-economic policies reveals one of the key weaknesses in enforcing fundamental rights in Hong Kong by the way of judicial review.

  7. ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC COURT-ORDERED-DEBT DISCLOSURE: INFLUENCE OF LEGISLATION AND FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING THEORY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucas Oliveira Gomes Ferreira

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of the present study is to analyze the accounting disclosure of judicial payments warrants (precatórios, issued when governmental entities are found liable for pecuniary awards in lawsuits according to accounting theory, and to verify if the current legislation interferes in the accounting treatment of these instruments. In this sense, we performed a documental and literature review about the legal framework and accounting procedures adopted, as well gathered data from the National Treasury Secretariat Data Collection System (SISTN in the period 2004-2009 and consulted a study carried out by the Supreme Court (STF in 2004. The study’s justification is based on the perception that over than a half of judicial payment warrants are not registered in the public accounts. Consequently, whereas these warrants (i vested rights of the plaintiffs and (ii debts of the public entity, the lack of accounting disclosure jeopardizes both the beneficiary, whose right is not reflected in the public accounts, thus casting doubt on the expectation to receive payment, and government managers and society, who do not have reliable information that allows effective management. The innovation of this paper consists of discussing identification of the appropriate moment of the generating event of the underlying debts and the proposal of disclosure considering the risk classification. In conclusion, the influence of the current legislation and the failure to observe accounting fundamentals are among the likely factors that have affected the proper accounting of judicial payment warrants within the Brazilian public administration.

  8. Omission in Possible: the Forensic Linguistics Autopsy of the Court Interpreting Praxis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Taufiq Jati Murtaya

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available To have a proportional rendition, an interpreter has to deal with the dilemmatic decision of technique employment. In fact, in a case of court interpreting there are a bunch of oppressive moments, since its impact is exclusively stroke on the hearings’ route; and generally in the law enforcement constitution. For that fundamental circumstance, this article links the perspectives to achieve the goal how the court interpreting should be held from the notion of one of the interpreting strategies, namely the omission and the conceptual perspective of forensic linguistics. Here, this article reviews some points of view from both sides; and scrutinizes what lies beneath so the findings are beneficial for the court interpreting practices and studies. This article articulates that the omissions are taken for the sake of the prosecution flawless systemic process. Thus, the interpreter should be aware of the nuance of the two main conditions of the witness examination session i.e. the examination-in-chief and the cross-examination. More importantly, the forensic linguistics considers this as the effort in a working condition of the court interpreter to keep the most proportional judicial atmosphere in balance in terms of symmetrical and asymmetrical relation. This article then proposes the significance of having more knowledge on forensic linguistics for a court interpreter in doing and learning court interpreting.

  9. Underascertainment of child abuse fatalities in France: retrospective analysis of judicial data to assess underreporting of infant homicides in mortality statistics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tursz, Anne; Crost, Monique; Gerbouin-Rérolle, Pascale; Cook, Jon M

    2010-07-01

    Test the hypothesis of an underestimation of infant homicides in mortality statistics in France; identify its causes; examine data from the judicial system and their contribution in correcting this underestimation. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in 26 courts in three regions of France of cases of infant deaths submitted to the courts, 1996-2000, with follow-up of their files until case closing (1996-2008). For each case, cause of death established by the courts was compared with ICD cause of death as coded in official mortality statistics. We examined 247 cases. Shortcomings in investigations were noted (autopsies: 75% of cases; fundus examination: 11%; diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS] without autopsy: 41%). Eighty deaths were considered homicides by the courts. Homicide rates in the court study are 2-3.6 times higher than those in mortality statistics. Nearly 1/3 of "accidental" deaths and 1/4 of deaths from unknown cause in mortality statistics are homicides. Mechanisms of underascertainment are: physicians' inappropriate death certification and underreporting of suspicious cases; inadequate investigation of cases; incomplete communication of final medical and forensic results to the mortality statistics department. In a country where neither transportation of the body to a hospital nor autopsy is obligatory, judicial data can make an important contribution to correcting mortality statistics. This study led to the first French protocol for investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI). The protocol includes a physician "training" section focused on understanding the symptomatology and risk factors of violence, as well as the quality of death certification. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Procedure of preliminary decision as a supranational judicial keynote of the European Union member states

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delia Magherescu

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The procedure of preliminary decision has been for a long time agreed unanimously both by doctrine and jurisprudence and considered as a keynote in developing notional law systems of the European Communities. In the national frame, it is similarly with submitting unconstitutional exception, regulated in several national jurisdictions of the EU Member States. The current paper aims at providing some argues based on a jurisprudence frame of the procedure of preliminary decision made by the Court of Justice of the European Union, as being directory for the national EU Member States’ courts of justice. It also focuses on the judicial issues whose solution is needed in order for the national justice to solve the cases they were invested with.

  11. The Principle of Justice Administered Only by the Court When Making a Pre-Trial Cooperation Agreement and Special Trial Order

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suvorova A. A.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The article investigates the problems of realization of the principle of justice administered only by the court in special conditions of judicial proceedings, suggests the ways of optimizing the procedure of making a pre-trial cooperation agreement.

  12. Anonymization of Court Decisions: Are Restrictions on the Right to Information in “Accordance with the Law”?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gruodytė Edita

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available In Lithuania rules for the anonymization of court decisions were introduced in 2005. These rules require automatic anonymization of all court decisions, which in the opinion of the authors violates the public interest to know and freedom of expression is unjustifiably restricted on behalf of the right to privacy. This issue covers two diametrically opposed human rights: the right to privacy and the right to information. The first question is how the balance between two equivalent rights could be reached. The second question is whether this regulation is in accordance with the law as it is established in the national Constitution and revealed by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and developed by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The authors conclude that the legislator is not empowered to delegate to the Judicial Council issues which are a matter of legal regulation and suggest possible solutions evaluating practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Human Rights, and selected EU countries.

  13. La ética judicial en la regulación del matrimonio igualitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Córdoba Baviera

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El presente trabajo tiene una empresa última concretamente establecida que es la de hacer un barrido expositivo y analítico por la apertura del concepto matrimonio a acepciones o realidades hasta principios del siglo XXI jamás planteadas. Esto es, crear un camino de acceso a la institución matrimonial para las uniones entre personas del mismo sexo. En el caso español, objeto de este estudio, se ha dado gracias a la aplicación de la ética judicial por parte de los Magistrados del Tribunal Constitu- cional que, con motivo de la mutación constitucional llevada a cabo por el legislador ordinario, se han visto en la obligación de dar un giro jurisprudencial en atención a las demandas de una sociedad cuya realidad es dinámica y cambiante. Ya el Tribunal Constitucional no ostenta el título de legislador negativo sino que, su función social es mucho más profunda, es el encargado de dar validez y legitimidad a la Constitución. Palabras clave: Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, Ética judicial, Tribunal Constitucional. Abstract The concrete, ultimate aim of this paper is to make an expository and analytical clear-out to open the concept of marriage to meanings or realities never considered until the early twenty-first century. That is, to create an access road to the institution of marriage to unions between people of the same sex. In the case of Spain, the subject of this study, such road has been created thanks to the application of judicial ethics by judges of the Constitutional Court. On the occasion of the constitutional change carried out by the ordinary legislator, they felt the obligation to provide a jurisprudential turn in response to the demands of a society whose reality is dynamic and changing. The Constitutional Court no longer holds the title of negative legislator but rather, with a much deeper social function, it is in charge of conferring validity and legitimacy to the Constitution. Keywords

  14. 21 Cost-Saving Measures For The Judiciary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jessica Vapnek

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Courts around the world are increasingly facing budget cuts and funding shortfalls. Budget problems are particularly acute in developing countries, where courts need to increase efficiency and access to justice while also managing resource limitations. International development agencies and donors expect measurable progress to justify continued funding of judicial reform projects. Yet, as rule of law efforts in developing countries improve public perception of courts and streamline court administration, more cases may be filed. Greater use of the courts puts greater strain on court resources, triggering the need to implement cost-saving measures while maintaining effective court administration.This paper outlines 21 measures that courts can implement to reduce costs. Specific examples from developing countries are presented wherever possible, with additional examples drawn from the United States and Europe. Although this paper is intended mainly for audiences in developing countries, the issues facing those courts are similar to issues addressed through court reforms in the United States over the past 50 years. For this reason, examples of cost-saving measures from developed countries such as the United States may be directly applicable or could be used as starting points to spur further cost savings innovation in the developing world.Section I of this paper explains the context for the implementation of judicial cost-saving measures, and raises some issues for reflection. Section II sets out specific judicial cost-saving measures, dividing them into three categories: measures that address court operations; measures directed at staffing and salaries; and measures that relate to court and case management. Section III discusses ways that countries and judiciaries can generate ideas for new and innovative cost-saving mechanisms.

  15. Federal Constitutional Court, decision of 8 July 1982 ('Whyl')

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1984-01-01

    The Federal Constitutional Court with its decision of July 8, 1982 dismissed the action of the Sasbach Gemeinde which launched an appeal against the judgments of the Baden-Wuerttemberg Higher Administrative Court (of Oct. 17, 1980) and the Federal Administrative Court (of July 17, 1980), by which actions of said Gemeinde to annul the construction licence for unit I (South) of the Wyhl reactor were dismissed. The Federal Constitutional Court decision states that the Gemeinde as a corporate body, and not acting to perform its duties as a local authority, may not claim legal protection on the basis of Art. 14, para. 1, sentence 1 of the Basic Law. Also, the decision states, the interpretation and appropriate application of section 3, (1) of the Nuclear Installations Ordinance does not represent an infringement of the rights guaranteed by Art. 19, para. 4, sencentence 1 of the Basic Law. Nor could the Court see any reasons indicating an offense against Art. 103, (1) of the Basic Law. (HP) [de

  16. The decline of judicial deference to medical opinion in medical negligence litigation in Malaysia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kassim, Puteri Nemie J

    2008-06-01

    The decision of the Federal Court of Malaysia in abandoning the Bolam principle in relation to doctor's duty to disclose risks has clearly marked the decline of judicial deference to medical opinion in medical negligence litigation in Malaysia. It is undeniable that the Bolam principle has acted as a gatekeeper to the number of claims against medical practitioners. This has always been seen as necessary to protect the society from unwanted effects of defensive medicine. However, will these changes contribute significantly to the growth of medical negligence cases in Malaysia? This article will trace the development of the Bolam principle in medical negligence litigation in Malaysia since 1965 and analyse the influence of selected Commonwealth cases on the development. The implications of the Federal Court ruling will also be discussed.

  17. UPAYA KEBERATAN TERHADAP PNS YANG DIJATUHI HUKUMAN PEMBERHENTIAN TIDAK DENGAN HORMAT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Hartini

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Staffing dispute settlement mechanism against civil servants who sanctioned by harsh punishment such not respect form, is a serious legal problem. From the research found that staffing is the State Administration dispute settlement. What penyelesaianya has its own characteristics. Disputes in the area of staffing are not handled directly by a State Administrative Court (Administrative Court, but must first be resolved through a process similar to a judicial process, conducted by a team or by an official in the government environment. The process in the science of law is called quasi-judicial (quasi rechtspraak, known as administrative appeals. Civil servants who will submit disputes to the Administrative Court, if the sanstion imposed on the basis of PP No. 53 years 2010 on the discipline of civil servants, the mechanism that must be passed is the efforts the administration that through to the Civil Service Advisory Board (BAPEK. Article 38 of Regulation 53 of 2010 administrative effort submitted to BAPEK, however these regulations do not provide clarity. Based on this research, the settlement of disputes relating to the dismissal of cicil servant by not respect can resolved by employment regulations, the legal basis is the Administrative Court Act, Article 48 paragraph 2 and Article 51 paragraph 3.

  18. Consequences of the Federal Administrative Court decisions about the Biblis on-site interim store and the 'Biblis condition' as seen by the Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rauscher, Dieter

    2009-01-01

    On March 17, 2005, the Baden-Wuerttemberg State Ministry of Economics, following instructions by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU), imposed an ex-post-facto condition on the licensee of the Philippsburg Units 1 and 2 nuclear power station. Its content can be summed up as follows: In case of deviations from criteria specified in the license which are relevant to accident management, the plant must be shut down. In case of suspicion that, for whatever reason, accident management could be doubtful, accident management must be demonstrated to function; failing this, the plant must be shut down. In a decision of February 26, 2007, the Baden-Wuerttemberg State Court of Administration set this condition aside. The Federal Administrative Court, in its ruling of April 10, 2008, essentially confirmed the decision of the court of first instance. Both decisions are analyzed. Licensees and public authorities are shown the general framework of administrative law within which their relations are regulated. Another subject covered is jurisdiction about provisions against damage in connection with the ruling of the Federal Administrative Court of April 10, 2008 in the matter of the Brunsbuettel interim store. The court comments on the question of provision against damage in the area of protection, develops the dogma from scratch again as to the borderlines separating provisions against damage from residual risk and, within this framework, addresses the problem of third-party action against execution, especially so with respect to protection. The question of possible repercussions upon practice is discussed also for this court ruling. (orig.)

  19. 28 CFR 68.56 - Judicial review of a final agency order in cases arising under section 274A or 274C.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... review by the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer of a final order by an Administrative Law Judge shall... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review of a final agency order... OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS BEFORE...

  20. The CISG in Denmark and Danish Courts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lookofsky, Joseph

    2011-01-01

    In this article the author explores key aspects of Denmark’s reception and implementation of the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods (CISG). Placing the treaty within its larger private law context, the author explains the complexity and confusion...... the problematical relationship between these international obligations and the Danish judicial tradition of formulating premises so brief that they shed little light on the decision’s underlying rationale ( ratio decidendi ). Following analysis and critique of three Danish CISG court judgments which help illustrate...... these propositions, the author proposes corrective steps designed to further a more international (and less parochial) approach to the CISG....

  1. Page JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IN THE NIGERIAN LEGAL SYSTEM

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Fr. Ikenga

    Judicial precedent is a basic principle of the administration of justice in .... precedent assume a natural position that is not different from any other ... L. Alexander, Precedent in a Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory 503-513,.

  2. The Spanish Constitutional Rights Court and its interpretation of the Term 'Feminism

    OpenAIRE

    Alejandra Germán Doldán

    2015-01-01

    The Constitutional Tribunal, the highest judicial court involved in the interpretation of the Spanish Constitution, has issued numerous judgments of high technical value in order to advance gender equality. Its decisions had widely developed, as a guarantee, the prohibition of gender discrimination included in Article 14 of the Spanish Constitution. However, these decisions had not always employed theoretically accurate concepts or adequately refined conceptual models This article is a critic...

  3. Enforcement and judicial review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1991-01-01

    The 1990 Amendments to the enforcement provisions of the Clean Air Act generally give the Administrator and the courts broader powers to enforce the substantive provisions of the Act. The changes include wider applicability of civil sanctions, increased criminal penalties, broader emergency powers, broader inspection powers, and increased citizen involvement in enforcement and administrative decisionmaking. Another significant change is the addition of an administrative penalty scheme that would allow EPA to use streamlined procedures to assess administrative penalties of up to $200,000 (or more, in some cases). Furthermore, the Amendments extend the prohibition against entering into government contracts with violators to other facilities owned or operated by the convicted person. This chapter summarizes the statutory enforcement provisions of the Clean Air Act. It covers the new civil and criminal enforcement provisions, the new administrative penalty scheme, and the new provisions allowing broader public involvement in enforcement proceedings

  4. Text Mining of Supreme Administrative Court Jurisdictions

    OpenAIRE

    Feinerer, Ingo; Hornik, Kurt

    2007-01-01

    Within the last decade text mining, i.e., extracting sensitive information from text corpora, has become a major factor in business intelligence. The automated textual analysis of law corpora is highly valuable because of its impact on a company's legal options and the raw amount of available jurisdiction. The study of supreme court jurisdiction and international law corpora is equally important due to its effects on business sectors. In this paper we use text mining methods to investigate Au...

  5. Judges in the Formation of the Nation- State: Professional Experiences, Academic Background and Geographic Circulation of Members of the Supreme Courts of Brazil and the United States

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Da Ros

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available This article compares the career profiles of judges from the highest bodies of the Judiciary in Brazil and the United States of America, examining the biographies of all the ministros of the Supreme Court of Justice (Empire and of the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Republic in Brazil, and of all the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed until 2008 in both cases. Based on the sociology of political elites perspective, the article examines data concerning academic background, geographic circulation and the different professional experiences — legal, political and linked to the administration of the State’s coercive activity (police or military — lived through by future members of the Supreme Courts of Brazil and the United States so as to identify the types of individuals recommended to join the top bodies of the Judiciary in the two countries. In this sense, different State-building processes are identified on the basis of the examination of Brazilian and US judicial elites, suggesting a more fragmented and diverse trajectory in the case of US justices, and greater homogeneity and centralization in the case of their Brazilian counterparts.

  6. The impact of decisions the european court of human rights on the legal system of Ukraine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    О. О. Сидоренко

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available The article describes the identifying areas of influence of the European Court on the legal system of Ukraine, as well as the enforcement mechanism of decisions. Analyzes the problems that affect the designated question and points of view of different scholars and practitioners. In Europe there are different documents – convention covenants, charters that provide and ensure the inclusion of a special protection mechanism in case of violation of human rights. These documents Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Rome, 1950, hereinafter - the Convention, which provides the most effective and real protection mechanism for human rights. Convention not only proclaimed fundamental human rights, but also created a special mechanism to protect them. The key to this mechanism is the European Court of Human Rights. European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter - the Court located in Strasbourg, France. Its jurisdiction extends to forty-seven European states that are members of the Council of Europe and signatories. Article 9 of the Constitution of Ukraine clearly states that international treaties, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine are part of the national legislation of Ukraine. The Court can not apply the law that governs the legal relationship in question, other than an international agreement. However, international agreements apply if they do not contradict the Constitution of Ukraine. Urgency of the problem by the growth requirements of the rule of law in the judiciary, increasing legal awareness of citizens and their activity to protect their rights and freedoms, the presence of non judicial legislation with international legal acts. Procedural legislation of Ukraine in many aspects not harmonized not only in line with the decisions of the European Court, but also to the current constitution. Ukraine ratified the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms July 17, 1997. Since then, the citizens of

  7. Underascertainment of Child Abuse Fatalities in France: Retrospective Analysis of Judicial Data to Assess Underreporting of Infant Homicides in Mortality Statistics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tursz, Anne; Crost, Monique; Gerbouin-Rerolle, Pascale; Cook, Jon M.

    2010-01-01

    Objectives: Test the hypothesis of an underestimation of infant homicides in mortality statistics in France; identify its causes; examine data from the judicial system and their contribution in correcting this underestimation. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in 26 courts in three regions of France of cases of infant…

  8. Courts of customary law in the post-soviet states: history and the current situation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Сергій Володимирович Васильєв

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Problem setting and relevance of the research topic. Research of courts of customary law is not a new trend in the domestic legal science. However, it should be noted that this issue was covered mainly in the historical and ethnographic aspect, and, as a rule, in relation to specific countries or peoples. Taking into account the fact that in some post-Soviet states the rules of the customary law have remained and take effect even under the current conditions, there is a need to study people’s judgment on the basis of historical experience, taking into account the fact that there is no special scientific research on this subject. Paper objective. On the basis of studying the courts of customary law that existed in the territory of the post-Soviet states, to reveal their diversity, special features and peculiarities of formation and to analyze the contemporary forms of the aforementioned courts. Paper main body. The courts of customary law existed in various nations and nationalities since ancient times. The identity of one or another traditional court depended on such facts as the territorial location of the community, the level of economic and cultural development, type of religion, etc. In this paper the organization of the traditional justice of post-Soviet states in the second half of the XIX century was studied, when the basic territorial boundaries of the Russian Empire were formed. It is within these boundaries the peoples lived, who subsequently became Soviet republics, and then independent states. The main characteristic features of traditional courts that existed in the territory of post-Soviet states have been emphasized (1 judicial procedure was not regulated in detail; (2 the rules of the customary law (adat rules were the basis of the justice; (3 members of the court were competent persons of the community; (4 the court was common for all members of the community; (5 disputes were resolved through reconciliation of the parties; (6

  9. Is It Now Institutionally Appropriate for the Courts to Consider Whether the Assisted Dying Ban is Human Rights Compatible? Conway V Secretary of State for Justice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hobson, Clark

    2017-11-07

    Noel Conway has ultimately been granted permission to apply for judicial review, to seek a declaration under section 4(2) Human Rights Act 1998 that section 2(1) Suicide Act 1961 is incompatible with his right to respect for private life under Article 8(1) ECHR. Both decisions in the application process are significant. They attempt to deal with the qualitative elements in the reasoning of Lords Neuberger, Mance and Wilson, in Nicklinson v Ministry of Justice: what Parliament is required to have done to have 'satisfactorily addressed' the question of relaxing or modifying section 2(1) Suicide Act. In failing to consider the explicit use of qualitative reasoning, both courts fail to interpret Nicklinson properly-that Parliament must change the law, with a declaration of incompatibility likely if it failed to do so. The Court of Appeal was correct to overrule the High Court's unqualified approach to whether it was now institutionally appropriate for a court to consider issuing a declaration of incompatibility, for the purposes of granting permission to apply for judicial review. However, the Court of Appeal directly signals their belief that a range of primary evidence bears out a system of assisted suicide for those in Mr Conway's position could feasibly be devised. This question though, as to evidence of a feasible system in the future, is irrelevant to whether permission to apply for judicial review should be granted to argue it is institutionally appropriate to make a declaration of incompatibility regarding current legislation. This is a problem Nicklinson has made for assisted dying and incompatibility debates. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press; all rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  10. Ambtshalve toetsing: gerechtvaardigde uitzondering of uitgeholde regel? Een rechtsgeleerd onderzoek naar de legitimering van het verbod van ambtshalve toetsing door de bestuursrechter van besluiten aan materieel recht

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Harmsen, M.

    2013-01-01

    Dutch administrative courts are, on the whole, not allowed to perform an ex officio judicial review of administrative decisions. The binding nature of nearly all rules of substantive administrative law and the specific characteristics of the administrative decisions involved, beg the question how

  11. IZIN POLIGAMI KARENA DORONGAN ISTERI: STUDI PUTUSAN NO. 790/PDT.G/2013/PA. SMN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isro Khoiruddin

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Indonesia is a nation in which the majority of its fellow citizens adhere to Islam. This furthermore stands as one of the reasons in creating judicial institution that specifically deals with Muslim judicial matters. Poligamy permit is an example of judicial matters subsumed under the jurisdiction of Religious [Islamic] Court. Despite of the fact that Islam recognizes polygamy, the intended person has to file polygamy permit to Islamic court for the sake of administrative order due to monogamy principle practiced within marital affairs. The Islamic court has the authority to look into the subjects involved in order to determine whether it is reasonable to grant the petition or not. This is however deployed to anticipate discrimination, right and responsibility abuses, and to reach verdicts that represent justice, utility, and legal certainty.

  12. Access to treatment for phenylketonuria by judicial means in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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    Luciano Mangueira Trevisan

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU includes the use of a metabolic formula which should be provided free of charge by the Unified Health System (SUS. This retrospective, observational study sought to characterize judicial channels to obtain PKU treatment in Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2001- 2010 and having as beneficiaries PKU patients requesting treatment for the disease were included. Of 20 lawsuits filed, corresponding to 16.8% of RS patients with PKU, 19 were retrieved for analysis. Of these, only two sought to obtain therapies other than metabolic formula. In all the other 17 cases, prior treatment requests had been granted by the State Department of Health. Defendants included the State (n = 19, the Union (n = 1, and municipalities (n = 4. In 18/19 cases, the courts ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Violation of the right to health and discontinuation of State-provided treatment were the main reasons for judicial recourse. Unlike other genetic diseases, patients with PKU seek legal remedy to obtain a product already covered by the national pharmaceutical assistance policy, suggesting that management failures are a driving factor for judicialization in Brazil.

  13. Nuclear power and legal advocacy: the environmentalists and the courts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cook, C.E.

    1980-01-01

    The US nuclear power industry began to stop growing in 1977, two years before the accident at Three Mile Island. This book examines the regulatory and judicial policymaking associated with nuclear power, with special attention given to the role of legal advocacy by interest groups. Research for the study had three goals: (1) a comparative analysis of the antinuclear environmental groups and the nuclear industry; (2) a determination of the policital strategy used by each interest group and the reasons for its choice of strategy in the course of litigation; and (3) an analysis of the role of the judiciary in the nuclear power controversy. The study focuses on the controversy surrounding the construction of a nuclear plant in Midland, Michigan as a representative case study to illustrate the role of interest groups, regulators, and the courts. The appendix lists related court cases. 170 references

  14. Derechos en serio, recurso de amparo, reordenación de lagarantía judicial y reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial = Taking rights seriously, the amparo appeal rearrangement and the reform of the Organic Law of the Judicial Branch

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Tenorio

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Con ocasión de comentar la regulación de la protección de los derechos fundamentales la Propuesta de reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial elaborada por la Comisión institucional creada por Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros de 2 marzo 2012, Propuesta hecha pública en febrero de 2013, se repasan las cuestiones que plantea en la actualidad la ordenación procesal de los referidos derechos en España. Las dos reformas que presenta la Propuesta en el ámbito que interesa son: el establecimiento de un procedimiento para garantizar la ejecución de las Sentencias TEDH en España y la desaparición de un mecanismo procesal que se había establecido en 2007 («nulidad de actuaciones ». Lo primero se valora positivamente, si bien se señala que acaso haya que reformar también la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional (LOTC. Lo segundo también se valora favorablemente, pero se considera que exige establecer algunas garantías adicionales más efectivas, como serían Salas especializadas en los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia y una Sala del mismo carácter en el Tribunal Supremo. También se recomienda que se aplique más literalmente el requisito que establece la LOTC de invocar el derecho fundamental tan pronto como el mismo es vulnerado, pues ello a la larga mejoraría el conocimiento de los derechos. In this paper, while discussing the regulation of fundamental rights in the Proposal of Ammendment of the Judicial Branch Act, drafted by the Institutional Committee established by resolution of the Council of Ministers of March 2, 2012, Proposal issued in February 2013, we review the issues raised in the field of the procedural management of fundamental rights in Spain. The two proposed reforms in the area of our interest are: the establishment of a procedure to guarantee the effectiveness of the European Court Judgments in Spain and the disappearance of a procedural mechanism that was established in 2007 («nulidad de actuaciones

  15. University Court As An Element Of The University’s Legal Status In The Russian Empire

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatyana I. Eremina

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available It the present article legal bases of university courts, which worked in the pre-revolutionary Russian universities since 1757 is researched. In the article, in the chronological order main decrees and statutes regulating activities of the university courts are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the university statute of the year 1804 and 1863, as well as projects and decrees that resulted after the First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. Peculiarities of the university courts work in the universities that had their own charters: Dorpat (Yuriev, Kharkov are researched. In the article Rules on the procedures of university courts, which ware developed in each university, approved by the trustee of the study district and which differed in some provisions, in particular, on the list of punishments and penalties for students in case of breaking rules are analyzed. It is shown that university teachers and students during existence of university courts did not extend to general civil jurisdiction. Existence of university courts is considered in the article as one of the conditions for existence of university autonomy. In conclusion, author notes that activities of university disciplinary courts were viewed from the standpoint of the general proceedings. But such approach leads to the fact that existence of a "backup" judicial authority in the university becomes impractical. The confirmation is the absence of provisions on the university court in the projects of university regulations, developed in the early XX century.

  16. The Influence of Cognitive Biases on Court Decisions. Contributions of Legal Psychology to the Adversary Criminal Proceedings

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    Paola Iliana De la Rosa Rodríguez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to disperse among the judiciary and society the psychological procedures involved in the decision-making process of judges since they are not only influenced by law but by previous ideas and values. It is worth questioning: in what extent their personal views and beliefs are the bases of verdicts? How can aversions and public opinion have an impact in the court decision? This paper analyzes and states the differences of the judicial role in the Mexican adversarial system and the inquisitorial models of justice. It also critiques the categories of the judicial officers and presents the circumstances that make an impact on judicial decisions, according to Psychology studies. It finally classifies cognitive biases and concludes that the more knowledge judges have about it, the more imparcial judgments will be.

  17. Survey article: the legitimacy of Supreme Courts in the context of globalisation

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    Sidney W. Richards

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this article is to present an overview of the state of the art concerning the legitimacy of Supreme Courts in the context of globalisation. In recent years, there has been much discussion about the observed increase in both the references to foreign decisions in matters of domestic adjudication, as well as the alleged and precipitate rise of ‘transjudicial dialogue’, or formal and informal communication between the domestic courts of various national jurisdictions. A central concern is whether Supreme Courts possess the necessary authority, and thus the legitimacy, to adopt a more ‘internationalist’ disposition. This article will demonstrate how there are various coexisting discourses of legitimacy, each with their own particular features. These various discourses are not always compatible or easily commensurable. It will argue, moreover, that the basic dilemma regarding judicial legitimacy in a globalised world is a species of a more general problem of globalisation studies, namely how to reconcile a conceptual vernacular which is permeated by domestic, state-centric notions with a political reality which is increasingly non-national in its outlook.

  18. Constitutional Court's Review and the Future of Water Law in Indonesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Enactment of the Water Law in Indonesia has arises public debate. The Judicial Review of the Law by the Constitutional added to this controversy as it puts the legality of the water regime in Indonesia in a "twilight zone". This article explained the historical background of the water regime in Indonesia and its development, analyze the position of water rights and human rights to water under Indonesian Constitution, elaborates the key provisions of Indonesian water law, elaborate water law's judicial review by the Constitutional Court, analyzes the legal consequences of the review and recommend the government on the parts of the law that needs to be amended or modified. The author also discusses several important issues that needs to be weighed by governments when creating the water law's implementing regulation, including regulating several standard contract provisions between government and water investors.

  19. National Court Remand Activity Data Collection

    Data.gov (United States)

    Social Security Administration — This dataset creates a collection of reports for the national total of court remand receipts, dispositions, and pending cases at the Office of Hearings Operations...

  20. The Reform of the Procedural Religious Court Law Based on Islamic Law in Indonesian Legal System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdullah Gofar

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The history of the development of religious courts and the inner atmosphere struggle of Muslims in Indonesia which faced the state’s political force in the New Order era has brought forth the religious procedural law. Article 54 of The 1989 Law No.7 stated that "the applicable law in the Religious Courts are applicable procedural law in the General Court, except those specifically regulated in this law." Philosophically, the Western law both civil substantive law (Burgerlijke Wetboek and formal law/civil procedure (HIR and Rbg, prepared using the approach of individualism, secular, the optical properties of the nature legal dispute was seen as objects (Zaak which is sheer material. While the substantive law in religious courts is the law derived from Islamic law that stem from philosophical values of Islam. So, the presence of the Religious Courts in the scope of judicial in Indonesia still raises problems, including: Why is the western law of civil procedure which promote the value of materialism and formal correctness adopted into religious procedural law, whereas the philosophical orientation is not aligned with the substantive law based on Islamic law, and what are the efforts to reform the reformulation of procedural law of religious courts.

  1. Congressional Authority Over the Federal Courts

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bazan, Elizabeth B; Killian, John; Thomas, Kenneth R

    2005-01-01

    .... While Congress has broad power to regulate the structure, administration and jurisdiction of the courts, its powers are limited by precepts of due process, equal protection and separation of powers...

  2. The Power Of The Judicial Assistant/Law Clerk: Looking Behind The Scenes At Courts In The United States, England And Wales, And The Netherlands

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nina Holvast

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Although largely invisible to the public, behind the scenes, judicial assistants/law clerks frequently play a vital role in the process of adjudication. Yet, especially outside of the U.S., little is known about their role and duties in the judicial decision-making process. This article provides insight into the organization of the employment and the duties of judicial assistants in three different jurisdictions: the U.S., England and Wales, and the Netherlands. In particular, this article aims to gain an understanding of the effects different organizational structures have on the potential influence of assistants on the judicial process and to observe what restrictions are employed to prevent assistants from wielding too much influence

  3. Vincent Lambert, Dignity in Dying and the European Court: A Critical Evaluation and the Global Reflections.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kishore, R R

    2016-04-01

    In this article I analyse the verdict of the European Court of Human Rights in the Case of Lambert and Others v. France, delivered on 5 June 2015, affirming the Conseil d'État's decision holding that the withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration from Vincent Lambert, a French national lying in tetraplegia and persistent vegetative state, was consistent with French domestic law and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In order to make a comparative evaluation I give an account of judicial decisions across the world and find that the European Court's decision is an affirmative pronouncement, in the prevailing milieu of judicial heterogeneity, as it recognizes a person's right to die with dignity in the face of conflicting claims and arguments, by giving supremacy to a person's autonomy and right of self-determination over the deep-rooted religious beliefs and undue paternalistic postures. I conclude that right to die with dignity is a profound area where judge-made law is not the answer. The situation calls for greater consensus and uniformity by evolving suitable legislative strategies.

  4. PENGADILAN HIBRIDA (HYBRID COURT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arie Siswanto

    2016-10-01

    Since the end of World War II, the international community witnessed the increasingly serious efforts to deal with the international crimes. Besides the domestic criminal courts and purely international tribunals, the forum that is also recently used to handle international crimes is the hybrid courts that have been established in several places such as in Cambodia, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste. Hybrid courts are established from different political backgrounds, but as a legal institution, its establishment was necessarily based on legal instruments. This paper identifies that there are three patterns in the formation of hybrid court, which are: the establishment of a hybrid court based on an agreement between the UN and the relevant state, the establishment of a hybrid court by the UN or international administration and the establishment of a hybrid court by a country which later gains greater international support.

  5. National New Court Cases Data Collection

    Data.gov (United States)

    Social Security Administration — This dataset creates a collection of reports for the national total of new court case (NCC) receipts, dispositions, and pending at the Appeals Council level in the...

  6. Features Of The Legal Practices Application In The Decisions Of The Township Courts In Russia In The Nineteenth Century

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadezhda V. Dashkovskaya

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available In the present article the concept of legal custom as a source of law is researched. The role of legal customs in Russian Empire is shown. It is proved that during the Russian Empire period legal custom played an important role in the legal system, being one of the building blocks. Peculiarities of township courts activity are researched. Significance of legal customs for proceedings in the township courts is shown. For the importance of township courts in the Russian Empire played the fact that in their work they used existing among peasants customs and it was sanctioned by the authorities. Author stresses out that by recognizing custom, state thus authorizes current pattern of behavior in the society, a way of resolve conflicts that to the greatest extent are consistent with the understanding of justice by the society. To the legal custom, following features: custom is formed as a result of certain action frequent repetition; the source of the legal custom formation is a social consciousness; customs largely reflect the level of the society development at the particular stage; customs has quite a local character; customs reflect collective understanding on the fair nature of law. In the article two features which the judicial system of the Russian Empire had in the post-reform period: presence of class township courts as a class judiciary and application of legal customs to the township courts are noted. Combination of these two features allowed government to preserve patriarchal relations in the countryside. Such conservation, to some extent, was contrary to the liberal orientation of the "great reforms" of Alexander II, hindered development of the capitalist relations in the country, delaying implementation of the judicial reform principles.

  7. the right to GOOD ADMINISTRATION IN THE Court of Justice of the EUROPEAN Union CASE LAW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisabeta SLABU

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The provisions of the Lisbon Treaty highlight that, at present, the Union has as objectives, not only an unitary economic development, but also strengthening the observance of peoples' fundamental rights, hence, implicitly, the right to good administration. The Court of Justice of the European Union has analyzed over time, in its decisions, the emergence and development of the good administration principle, its fundamental elements, and impossibility of framing it clearly in a definition, and, not least, turning the principle of good administration into a fundamental right through the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. At European level, citizens of the EU member states, but also those from third countries thus benefit from a right to good administration in the relations with European Union institutions and bodies, according to Article 41 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The same should be the proceeding at internal level. Each Member State of the European Union should concern itself about identifying and promoting the most adequate measures for ensuring good governance and good administration. By identifying and applying at national level the principles governing the public administration activity at European level can be created the requisites for a national public administration that is transparent and efficient, close to the needs and interests of its citizens and that could be considered an integral part of the European public administration.

  8. The European Court of Justice and the National Interests of the European Union’s Member States

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    Тетяна Комарова

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The article is devoted to the research of CJEU’s practice concerning the interpretation of national interests of the European Union’s Member States in resolving disputes submitted for its consideration. Analyzed decisions of the CJEU allows to trace its position on the matter and the evolution of practices regarding the balance between different interests – the interests of the Union and the States. Also in article there are analyzed actual problems of the modern European Union law (human rights, free enterprise, etc., its institutional system and direct the judicial authorities in the EU. For modern evolution of the EU it is highly important to have orientation not only on common interests of the EU but on interests of members states. In the late jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union there is a tendency of retreating from strict practice of favoring only to interests of the EU and interpreting interests of members states in order to find the balance between two types of interest especially after amendments of Lisbon treaty. In the context of this research it should be noted that the Court of Justice of the European Union during interpretation of national interests of member states uses the principle of self-restriction in interpretation of law. Herewith the Court quite flexible uses this principle and this leads to appearance of new highly important precedents.  It should be underlined that the Court has a negative to the application of acte claire doctrine because of some risk of been bound to act only in one direction without taking into consideration any possible changes of judicial practice in future. The conclusion is made that for the strengthening of European integration it is highly important not only the jurisprudence of the Court, but the activity of constitutional courts of member states and also their parliaments, which under Lisbon treaty got a lot of democratic competences. Exactly the cooperation of

  9. Collaborators at domestic jurisdiction: the case of the Basque Government in the setting up of the new Judicial Office in the Basque Country

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Izaskun Iriarte Irureta

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The Administration of Justice in Spain is going through a deep modernisation process aiming both at procedural and organisational reforms. The setting up of the new Judicial Office is precisely the major change of the organisation of the Administration of Justice in the last century. In this context, there is a shift in the role played by the regional governments with responsibilities in the field of Justice, as far as these regional governments are not only collaborators of the Judiciary at domestic jurisdiction, but they also become “actors” as they have decision making powers to create, to design and to organise the common procedural services of the Judicial Office and, hence, to set up the Judicial Office in each judicial district in their territory.This text presents the context and the reasons behind the setting up of the Judicial Office as a new way of organisation of the Spanish Administration of Justice; the Judiciary in Spain and the responsibilities of the regional governments in the Administration of Justice; the meaning of the Judicial Office and its guiding principles; the role of the Basque Government in setting up the Judicial Office in the Basque Country, paying special attention to its activity in the field of standardization of processes, the quality system, and of information, communication and coordination; the results of the first Judicial Offices. Finally the paper questions whether the regional or national governments are just “collaborators” or real “actors” of the Administration of Justice at domestic jurisdiction.

  10. ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN THE JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS AND COMPUTER FORENSIC ANALYSIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marija Boban

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Today’s perspective of the information society is characterized by the terminology of modern dictionaries of globalization including the terms such as convergence, digitization (media, technology and/or telecommunications and mobility of people or technology. Each word with progress, development, a positive sign of the rise of the information society. On the other hand in a virtual environment traditional evidence in judicial proceedings with the document on paper substrate, are becoming electronic evidence, and their management processes and criteria for admissibility are changing over traditional evidence. The rapid growth of computer data created new opportunities and the growth of new forms of computing, and cyber crime, but also the new ways of proof in court cases, which were unavailable just a few decades. The authors of this paper describe new trends in the development of the information society and the emergence of electronic evidence, with emphasis on the impact of the development of computer crime on electronic evidence; the concept, legal regulation and probative value of electronic evidence, and in particular of electronic documents; and the issue of electronic evidence expertise and electronic documents in court proceedings.

  11. O poder dos juízes: Supremo Tribunal Federal e o desenho institucional do Conselho Nacional de Justiça The power of judges: the Supreme Court and the institutional design of the National Council of Justice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernani Carvalho

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo desenvolve o argumento de que o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ, criado no Brasil em 2004, foi fruto de um arranjo político com base na concretização da Reforma do Poder Judiciário. Neste arranjo os interesses do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF prevaleceram sobre os demais e, por consequência, o resultado da emenda constitucional de número 45 foi um CNJ dirigido por integrantes da Corte maior brasileira. Para sua consecução utilizamos uma revisão da literatura especializada e análise de dados. O argumento é desenvolvido a partir da lógica de que aprovar um desenho institucional do CNJ atrelado aos interesses do STF é a melhor estratégia a ser desenvolvida pelos membros da Corte. Isto pode ser justificado por: 1 Os juízes do STF são importantes atores políticos; 2 A existência de uma independência judicial garantida por prerrogativas institucionais reforça ainda mais sua importância política; 3 Sistemas políticos com alto grau de fragmentação aumentam a probabilidade dos juízes (do STF emplacarem seus interesses; 4 A existência do mecanismo de revisão judicial amplia o grau de influência das Supremas Cortes e 5 Por fim, a existência de mecanismos informais de persuasão facilitam o êxito dos juízes do STF. A partir do caso estudado podemos constatar que: o desenho institucional brasileiro, que potencializa a possibilidade de intervenção judicial no processo decisório, e o sistema político altamente fragmentado geraram, em grande medida, uma Suprema Corte (STF poderosa e centralizadora do policy-making Judiciário, se tornando, neste aspecto, uma terceira câmara do processo decisório.This article argues that the National Council of Justice (CNJ, created in Brazil in 2004, was the result of a political arrangement based on the achievement of the Reform of the Judiciary. In this arrangement the interests of the Federal Supreme Court (STF prevailed over the others and therefore the result of a

  12. Multilingualism as a Principle of the EU Court of Justice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Kh. Rekosh

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Since the jurisprudence reflects relations between the institutions, bodies and organizations of the EU and native speakers, the EU Court of Justice plays a huge role in shaping the legal discourse. Relations between the EU and citizens show the effectiveness of the principle of multilingualism, that is apparent before the Court. The enlargement of the Union to 28 member States and, accordingly, the increase of the number of official languages to 24 complicate the implementation of the principle of multilingualism and create many problems for the EU Court of Justice: legal, linguistic, budget, translation. All documents of the Court are not translated into 24 EU official languages completely and often limited to summaries. All documents are translated only into French and proceeding languages, for the scale of the translation work have a direct impact on the timing of legal proceedings. To provide help in written translations, much work is carried out in the Court on drawing up dictionaries, thesauri, where multilingualism is fully manifested. On the use of languages and language regime, There is an extensive legal practice, however, the term «multilingualism» is not used by the Court, despite the recognition of the principle of equality of all official languages, perhaps, due to the fact that the Court itself not always follows it. The article shows that multilingualism as a legal concept and principle opens up, sometimes adjacent to the already distinguished objects of regulation, new areas of legal research. Comparison of legal solutions to the problems of multilingualism in different states with a variety of languages, law and order, or in international organizations, lays basis of "comparative linguistic law" Now in the doctrine of law of the European Union neither the linguistic law, nor the comparative linguistic law do not exist, but to provide cooperation in the field of justice and mutual recognition of judicial decisions on the

  13. Procedural justice in mental health courts: Judicial practices, participant perceptions, and outcomes related to mental health recovery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kopelovich, Sarah; Yanos, Philip; Pratt, Christina; Koerner, Joshua

    2015-01-01

    Research on mental health courts (MHCs) to date has been disproportionately focused on the study of recidivism and reincarceration over the potential of these problem solving courts to facilitate the recovery process and affect the slope of recovery. This study attempts to shift the focal point of interest from well-established criminal justice outcomes to the experiences and perceptions of MHC participants. The authors hypothesize that the actions of MHC judges that are consistent with procedural justice theory will engender high perceptions of procedural justice among this sample of divertees with SMI. Defendant perceptions of procedural justice in 4 NYC-area MHCs were also compared to those of uninvolved observers. Results suggest that defendant perceptions are distinct from observer perceptions, which tended to be more sensitive to the differences in judges between the four courts. Overall, participants' perceptions of procedural justice were moderate and increased between baseline and 4-month follow-up. Procedural justice was negatively correlated with symptoms at baseline and was positively correlated with participant's attitudes toward their own recovery. Between baseline and 4-month follow-up, participants in our sample tended to increase in perceptions of procedural justice; interestingly, the increase in procedural justice was associated with a decrease in symptoms but not to an increase in attitudes toward the recovery. Implications and future directions are discussed. PMID:23415372

  14. Understanding the Service Quality Perception Gaps between Judicial Servants and Judiciary Users

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Murillo

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Judiciary service user expectations are usually not the same as ideas harbored in the minds of civil servants delivering such services. This discrepancy matches the definition of the service delivery GAP 1, as identified and assessed by SERVQUAL (Service Quality, a tool that for almost three decades has been employed worldwide in measuring service quality in many different industries and countries, in both private and public organizations. Through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and empirical data collected by SERVQUAL, this paper focuses on assessing this service delivery GAP 1 for the Second Court of Appeal within Costa Rica’s Judicial Branch.

  15. THE NECESSITY OF ENSURING PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE MINOR. GUARANTEEING THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD IN TERMS OF THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CARMINA ALECA

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available We can not ignore, concerning the regulation of relationships between parents and children, a real assessment of the child's best interest, this being left to the courts or competent authorities’ decision. An issue that needs to be clarified is the divorce situation, when the court entrusts the child to one of the parents, who prevents the other one to have contact with him. Although the legal text refers only to acts committed after the pronouncement of the sentence of entrusting custody of minor, however the judicial practice stated that it is also about those situations in which these acts are committed before pronouncement of the judicial sentence. In this regard, assessing the child's best interest is also a sensitive issue and extremely important by the fact that the court must maintain a balance between the need to ensure a child's growth and harmonious development and respect for privacy and family, as it is covered in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, even if it is about the right of the child or of one of his parents.

  16. The utilization of Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines and the rationalization of judicialization for the right to health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarice Seixas Duarte

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available The article analyzes the adoption of the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines (CPTGs as an objective measure to be used by the courts in cases where the purpose is to offer positive benefits in terms of realization of the right to health. Such a benchmark can assist the judge in the task of deciding the legal situation of medication supplies, guaranteeing the prevalence of rationality as outlined in the formulation of related public policies and, consequently, the use of technical-political arguments in the distribution of healthcare goods and resources. However, this is not an absolute parameter, and the content of the CPTGs may be questioned, even judicially. With this, judicial action is used as an instrument of democratization and social control among public choices, which can impact health policy itself.

  17. The Effectiveness of Discipline/Judicial Processes on Catholic Campuses as Measured by the Rate of Recidivism

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Reilly, Frances L.; Evans, Roberta D.

    2007-01-01

    University and college campuses in the United States utilize disciplinary/judicial processes to help address student behavioral problems. These include administrative, majority-peer, and minority-peer processes. This descriptive research was undertaken to find which of these three discipline/judicial processes were the most effective. The…

  18. 28 CFR 43.1 - Administrative determination and assertion of claims.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administrative determination and assertion of claims. 43.1 Section 43.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) RECOVERY OF COST OF HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CARE AND TREATMENT FURNISHED BY THE UNITED STATES § 43.1 Administrative...

  19. Salience Theory of Judicial Decisions

    OpenAIRE

    Pedro Bordalo; Nicola Gennaioli; Andrei Shleifer

    2015-01-01

    We present a model of judicial decision making in which the judge overweights the salient facts of the case. The context of the judicial decision, which is comparative by nature, shapes which aspects of the case stand out and draw the judge’s attention. By focusing judicial attention on such salient aspects of the case, legally irrelevant information can affect judicial decisions. Our model accounts for a range of recent experimental evidence that bears on the psychology of judicial decisions...

  20. Pre-Ratification Judicial Review of International Agreements to be Concluded by the European Union

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Butler, Graham

    2018-01-01

    incrementally shaping the law of EU external relations, and determining the manner in which the Union may enter into formal international relations. Understanding the Court’s importance in this field has been done time and again, but yet, consideration of the pre-ratification judicial review option, available...... in many cases, and being forced to wade into institutional debates over competence and the autonomy of the Union’s legal order, this chapter underlines the important role that the Court has played in external relations prior to international agreements being entered into, and seeks to carve out a formula...

  1. Conflitos e impasses da judicialização na obtenção de medicamentos: as decisões de 1ª instância nas ações individuais contra o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 2005 Conflicts and impasses in the judicialization of the supply of medicines: circuit court rulings on claims brought against the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle da Costa Leite Borges

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Partindo-se de uma análise das ações judiciais individuais para o fornecimento de medicamentos propostas por usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS contra o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no ano de 2005, este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a atuação e o comportamento do Poder Judiciário no julgamento dos referidos processos judiciais. O estudo corresponde a uma pesquisa documental exploratória, de caráter quali-quantitativo, na qual foram analisados alguns aspectos relacionados às ações judiciais, tais como, o tipo de medicamento pleiteado, o teor das decisões proferidas e os fundamentos mais freqüentes utilizados pelos magistrados no julgamento das ações. Com base no resultado da análise das ações, do conceito de judicialização e da padronização oficial em matéria de medicamentos, concluiu-se que, ao decidir sobre o fornecimento de medicamentos, o Poder Judiciário concede os pedidos formulados sem considerar a padronização de medicamentos adotada pelo Ministério da Saúde, exercendo assim uma excessiva intervenção na política de saúde.Based on an analysis of individual claims for provision of medicines brought by users of the Unified National Health System (SUS against the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the year 2005, this study aims to discuss the action and behavior of the court system in ruling on these suits. The study adopted a semi-qualitative exploratory documental research design, analyzing key aspects related to the claims, such as type of medication claimed by the plaintiff, wording of the court rulings, and the key elements used by judges in trying the cases. According to the analysis of the lawsuits and the concepts of judicialization and official standardization of medicines, the study concludes that when ruling on the provision of medicines, the court system grants the claims as submitted without considering the standardization of medicines adopted by the Ministry of Health, thus

  2. The power of the judicial assistant/law clerk: Looking behind the scenes at courts in the United States, England and Wales, and the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Holvast, N.

    Although largely invisible to the public, behind the scenes, judicial assistants/law clerks frequently play a vital role in the process of adjudication. Yet, especially outside of the U.S., little is known about their role and duties in the judicial decision-making process. This article provides

  3. A Recepção dos Tratados de Direitos Humanos pelos Tribunais Nacionais: Sentenças Paradigmáticas de Colômbia, Argentina e Brasil / The Reception of Human Rights Treaties by Domestic Courts: Paradigmatic Judicial Decisions from Colombia, Argentina and Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Gomes Moreira Maués

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: O cumprimento efetivo de tratados internacionais de direitos humanos depende de fatores que não se limitam à sua incorporação ao direito interno. Para que haja uma recepção completa do tratado, os órgãos judiciais devem ser dotados de independência (exercício de suas funções de fiscalização dos demais poderes, os tratados devem possuir efeito direto (qualquer pessoa poderá utilizá-los em tribunais, independente de ação legislativa posterior e os tribunais devem realizar uma interpretação conforme de suas disposições (compatibilização das normas internas com as internacionais, a fim de garantir o cumprimento de obrigações internacionais. Por meio do método comparado utilizado neste artigo, pode-se concluir que Argentina e Colômbia apresentam um grau maior de recepção da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, não apenas porque a elevaram à categoria de norma constitucional, mas, principalmente, porque atribuem a ela efeito direto e aplicam a interpretação conforme. Apesar de atribuir efeito direto à Convenção Americana, o Supremo Tribunal Federal ainda não desenvolveu jurisprudência acerca da interpretação conforme, criando obstáculos à recepção e cumprimento efetivo do tratado. Palavras-chave: Tratados internacionais de direitos humanos; Independência judicial; Efeito direto; Interpretação conforme.   Abstract: The effective implementation of international human rights treaties depends on factors that are not limited to its incorporation into domestic law. In order to have a complete reception of the treaty, courts must be provided with independency (exercise of its functions of government monitoring, treaties must have direct effect (anyone can use them in court, regardless of subsequent legislative action and courts must perform a consistent interpretation of its provisions (internal standards in accordance with international ones, to ensure compliance with international obligations

  4. Lueneburg Higher Administrative Court: Decision of July 18, 1980 - sports fishing club versus Grohnde reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    As the lessee of fishing rights, a sports fishing club may be affected in its legally protected interests by the licensing of a nuclear power station site. Therefore it may have the right to take action unless it can no longer claim recognitaion of its rights in a licensing procedure relating to the law on the management of water recources because the department for management of water resources is bound to the site decision made under the Atomic Energy Law. The suitability of a site may also be declared with binding effect within the framework of a partial construction permit granted according to the Atomic Energy Law (against the Higher Administrative Court of Baden-Wuerttemberg, DOeV 1979, 521). (orig.) [de

  5. O Supremo Individual: mecanismos de atuação direta dos Ministros sobre o processo político / The Supreme Individuals: how Brazilian Supreme Court Justices can directly influence the political process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Werneck Arguelhes

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Estudos e críticas à participação do Supremo Tribunal Federal na vida política nacional costumam assumir, ainda que implicitamente, que a decisão do tribunal a ser analisada ou criticada é obtida após um processo decisório interno colegiado. Mesmo que esse processo seja imperfeito, ele é visto como condição necessária para que os inputs individuais dos Ministros possam produzir efeitos relevantes sobre o mundo fora do tribunal. Neste trabalho, mostramos que os Ministros do STF podem agir individualmente, sem passar pelo colegiado, de modo a produzir efeitos sobre o comportamento de atores externos ao tribunal. Mapeamos conceitualmente esse tipo de poder individual, a partir de um marco teórico da análise institucional, para então identificar alguns exemplos na prática decisória do tribunal: a antecipação de posições na imprensa, o uso de pedidos de vista de longa duração e o uso de decisões monocráticas para avançar posições jurisprudenciais. Com base nesses três exemplos, apontamos e discutimos algumas implicações da existência desses poderes individuais para estudos sobre judicialização da política e comportamento judicial. Em especial, destacamos os problemas normativos que surgem quando se reconhece a possibilidade de que uma ação judicial internamente minoritária (isto é, uma ação que não expressa a preferência da maioria dos Ministros produza resultados externamente contramajoritários. Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Poderes Individuais; Comportamento Judicial; Processo Decisório; Análise Institucional.                                                 Abstract: Existing studies on the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court tend to assume, even if implicitly, that decisions they analyze are the outcome of an internal, collective decision-making process. Even when this process is criticized as problematic in itself, it is seen as a necessary condition for the

  6. Superior Administrative Court Lueneburg. Judgement of January 20, 1982 (Kruemmel)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    This judgement of the OVG Lueneburg (Sup. Adm. Court) decided over the action for annulment of the second part-construction permit for Kruemmel nuclear power plant. Upon the action of the appellant, the OVG partly cancelled the ''design concept license'' for the nuclear power plant and, regarding the remaining items of the appeal, dismissed the appeal. The Court decided that the license for a nuclear power plant design concept is binding for a licensing authority in as much as the following part-construction permits have to be based on the fulfilment of section 7, sub-section 2, no. 3 of the Atomic Energy Act, as far as the plant components to be licensed comply with the licensed concept and are not subject to the conditions of section 17, sub-sections 2-5 of the Atomic Energy Act. This binding effect at the same time leads to the possibility of third parties being affected. (HP) [de

  7. 28 CFR 549.43 - Involuntary psychiatric treatment and medication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Involuntary psychiatric treatment and... INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT MEDICAL SERVICES Administrative Safeguards for Psychiatric Treatment and Medication § 549.43 Involuntary psychiatric treatment and medication. Title 18 U.S.C. 4241-4247 and federal court...

  8. RECONSTRUCTION THE AUTHORITY OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT ON IMPEACHMENT PROCESS OF PRESIDENT AND/OR VICE PRESIDENT IN INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hezron Sabar Rotua Tinambunan

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In the process of impeachment, Constitutional Court has the obligation to give its judgement to House of Representatives’s opinion regarding allegation of violation by the President and/or Vice President. Constitutional Court checks and judges House of Representatives’s opinion on whether or not the President and/or Vice President works fulfill Article 7A of Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945 (UUD NRI 1945. The inspection done by Constitutional Court is the judicial process whose decision is in the form of justisil. The result of this impeachment process heavily depends on the judgement of People's Consultative Assembly in its plenary meeting which is also a politics forum, where President and/or Vice President could be dismissed or not. Constitutional Court’s judgement does not apply to People's Consultative Assembly, hence, the difference of Constitutional Court and People's Consultative Assembly’s judgement in plenary meeting that is very political by its nature is very likely to happen. Involvement of Constitutional Court in the procss of impeachment is, of course, different in each country. It depends on governance system in that particular country, it also relies on how much authority that is given by Constitution to Constitutional Court in the process of impeachment itself.

  9. Presidential Control of High Courts in Latin America: A Long-term View (1904-2006 Control presidencial de las cortes supremas en América Latina. Una mirada histórica (1904-2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aníbal Pérez-Liñán

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available In many Latin American countries the executive branch manipulatesthe composition of the Supreme Court, and judicial independence hasremained elusive. Because high courts can exercise judicial review and influencelower courts, incoming presidents often force the resignation of adversarialjustices or “pack” the courts with friends. One indicator of this problemhas been the high turnover among members of the high courts. In thispaper we offer systematic evidence to compare this problem across countriesand to place this issue in historical perspective. Our analysis covers 11Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay between1904 and 2006. We model the entrance of new justices to the SupremeCourt as a function of “natural” (legal and biological factors, political conditionsempowering the president to reshuffle the Court, and institutionalincentives promoting executive encroachment on the judiciary. En muchos países de América Latina el poder ejecutivo manipulala composición de la Corte Suprema, y por ende la independencia del poderjudicial ha resultado difícil de alcanzar. Debido a que las cortes supremaspueden ejercer el control de constitucionalidad e influir en las cortes inferiores,los presidentes entrantes a menudo han forzado la renuncia de jueces adversoso han aumentado el número de miembros en la corte para nombrar a juecesamigos. Un indicador de este problema ha sido la alta tasa de recambio de losmiembros en las cortes. En este trabajo ofrecemos evidencia sistemática paracomparar este problema entre los países así como también para tratar el temadesde una perspectiva histórica. El análisis abarca 11 países de América Latina(Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,Honduras, México, Panamá y Uruguay entre 1904 y 2006. Modelamos laentrada de un nuevo juez a la Corte Suprema como resultado de factores

  10. Outer Children Marriages Status After Constitutional Court Decision No: 46/PUU-VII/2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Budi Purwaningsih

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No.46/PUU-VIII / 2010 dated 17 February 2012, granted the judicial review of Article 43 (1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage by deciding that the article should read "Children who are born outside of marriage just had a civil relationship with her mother and her mother's family as well as with men as a father who can be proved based on science and technology and / or evidence, has blood ties according to law, including a civil relationship with his father's family". This Indonesian Constitutional Court's decision bring Juridical consequence that illegitimate children not only have a legal relationship with her mother, but also has a legal relationship with the father (biological and his father's family, as long as it is proven with science and technology. The Constitutional Court's decision is a starting point in the legal protection of illegitimate children, namely the "right alignment" between the illegitimate child with the legitimate son. Illegitimate children have the rights to demand their civil rights toward their father (biological as the same rights obtained by the legitimate son. How To Cite: Purwaningsih, S. (2016. Outer Children Marriages Status After Constitutional Court Decision No: 46/PUU-VII/2010. Rechtsidee, 1(1, 119-130. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i1.99

  11. Child health in the workplace: the Supreme Court in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berger, L R; Johansson, S R

    1980-01-01

    Exploitation of children in the labor force at the beginning of this century gave rise to a national campaign leading to congressional passage of the Keating-Owen Act in 1916. The act prohibited from interstate commerce goods produced in factories or mines that employed children who either were under fourteen years of age or who were under sixteen years of age and worked more than eight hours a day. Despite its popular support, the Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918). The Court's decision involved several major issues: interpretation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, freedom of contract, police power of the states, and the interstate commerce clause. Review of previous Court decisions suggests that the justices were on less than solid legal ground in reaching their decision. Examination of the historical context of the decision, however, suggests other factors that may have played a more important role than judicial precedents. The debate prompted by Hammer v. Dagenhart has much relevance to such current issues as young agricultural workers, sex discrimination in industry, and the powers of the federal government vis-a-vis states and individual citizens.

  12. Tendencies in the judicial declaration of law concerning the immediate implementation of construction licenses granted for large technical installations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martens, W.

    1985-01-01

    The article discusses the legal provisions governing the immediate implementation of construction permits, and those governing the stay of procedures, to be based on the weighting of interests together with evidence control. This controlling function by the courts is strongly exerted in the case of decisions to be taken on immediate implementation of a licence, where the question of whether a licence granted is justified in law has gained large importance. As to decisions on the stay of procedures, it is decisive for all parties concerned whether the court decides merely on the basis of evidence control and weighting of interests. The survey presented shows that the judicial declaration of law on this matter is far from being uniform. The author discusses the problem involved in great detail. (orig./HSCH) [de

  13. Terrorist Threats and Judicial Deference

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rytter, Jens Elo

    2014-01-01

    The article analyses the extent to which judicial restraint in cases concerning national security is justified. It is argued that the extent of restraint must depend on the normative issue/aspect which is subject to judicial review.......The article analyses the extent to which judicial restraint in cases concerning national security is justified. It is argued that the extent of restraint must depend on the normative issue/aspect which is subject to judicial review....

  14. Judicial Activism in the Context of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution: Emerging Conceptions of Femininity and Masculinity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monika Lindbekk

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available This article investigates gender implications of judicial activism within the context of the 2011 revolution. Relying on analysis of a sample of judicial decisions in the field of divorce and child-rearing, I argue that individual judges used the family courts as a platform to articulate alternative legal discourses prior to the 2011 revolution. During the period between February 2011 and the military coup in July 2013 family legislation emerged as a controversial point. The period witnessed the mobilisation of small but vocal fathers’ rights groups that called for a revolution in Egyptian family law and formed strategic alliances with a handful of judges. The latter became members of a legislative committee formed under the presidency of Muhammad Mursi. I investigate the gender implications of their activism against a background where old and new actors and institutions competed over the right to interpret shari’a in an authoritative way.

  15. Judgement of November 18, 1980 -7 A II 17/80- (encroachment upon claimant's rights through Atomic Energy Law permits)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1982-01-01

    With its decision of November 18, 1980, the Superior Administrative Court of the Rhineland-Palatinate has dismissed a suit requesting an appeal of licensing for the Muehlheim-Kaerlich nuclear power plant which had already been rejected previously by a lower court. In its decision, the court emphasized the point that all judicial and procedural guarantees for legal action, as defined in the Constitution, article 19, sub-section 4, and as stated in the administrative rules of court procedures, are limited to the protection of individuals against any infringement of their rights. Should the plaintiff, as is here the case, appear as a representative of the common interest, his court action becomes inadmissable, based on the need for a case of general legal protection. In addition, the complaint lacks defined needs for legal aid and protection, the court maintains. The plaintiff was not able to prove a violation of his own rights, and thus would have neither a justifiable interest in determining the validity of the disputed administrative measures (administrative rules of court section 43, sub-section 1) as he could, were he be authorized to contest this decision (administrative rule of court, section 42, sub-section 2). (GA) [de

  16. Supreme Administrative Court affirms the admissibility of an action of voidance, but does not affirm the exclusion of objections according to article 7 b AtG a.F. and complains about the period of exposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1978-01-01

    The Supreme Administrative Court for the Laender Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein at Lueneburg turned down - with the judgement made on May 30, 1978 VII OVG A2/78 - the appeal filed by the appellee (Licensing authority under atomic law) and others (operator of nuclear power stations) against an interlocutory decree made by the Administrative Court Oldenburg/Stade on October 14, 1977 - I A 371/72 S -. Due to a given partial licensing decree, the interlocutory decree deposed the action of voidance filed by an opponent of nuclear energy, resident at Hamburg, to be admissible in contrast to the statement made by the appellee and others. The Supreme Administrative Court substantially reaffirmed and extended the interpretation of the interlocutory decree. It was approved to lodge an appeal. The appellee and others involved have lodged an appeal. The most decisive factors are given in the text. (orig./HP) [de

  17. Judicial individualization of criminal penalties for corruption offenses committed by civil servants and/or dignitaries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ion TIPA

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available This article focuses on the study of judicial personalization of criminal penalties applied for corruption offenses of civil servants and / or dignitaries. At the same time, the following study shows the criteria and rules for the individualization of a criminal punishment, the attenuating and aggravating circumstances that influence the application of criminal penalties, with examples from practice, thus mentioning the errors made by some instances of Lower court judgment in the Republic of Moldova. The study also shows the process of individualization of criminal punishment in the light of exceptional circumstances and the way of calculating sentences and arrest computations.

  18. Arbitration and Judicialization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alec Stone Sweet

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The arbitral world is at a crucial point in its historical development, poised between two conflicting conceptions of its nature, purpose, and political legitimacy. Formally, the arbitrator is an agent of the contracting parties in dispute, a creature of a discrete contract gone wrong. Yet, increasingly, arbitrators are treated as agents of a larger global community, and arbitration houses concern themselves with the general and prospective impact of important awards. In this paper, I address these questions, first, from the standpoint of delegation theory. In Part I, I introduce the basic “Principal-Agent” framework [P-A] used by social scientists to explain why actors create new institutions, and then briefly discuss how P-A has been applied to the study of courts. Part II uses delegation theory to frame discussion of arbitration as a mode of governance for transnational business and investment. In Part III, I argue that the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID is presently in the throes of judicialization, indicators of which include the enhanced use of precedent-based argumentation and justification, the acceptance of third-party briefs, and a flirtation with proportionality balancing. Part IV focuses on the first wave of awards rendered by ICSID tribunals pursuant to Argentina’s response to the crushing economic crisis of 2000-02, wherein proportionality emerged, adapted from the jurisprudence of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization.

  19. PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM NON YUDISIAL TERHADAP PERBUATAN HUKUM PUBLIK OLEH PEMERINTAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hari Sugiharto

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The enactment of Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration had given the changes to the authority of the State Administrative Court. There are two mechanism of the case investigation in the State Administrative Court in providing legal protection against a lawsuit or petition filed by the public. The first mechanism is to file a lawsuit directly to the State Administrative Court. The second mechanism is to resolve internal disputes within the government before filing a lawsuit to the Administrative Courts. There are two mechanisms of the case investigation prove that the existence of discrimination for people who seek justice in the case investigation system in the State Administrative Court. This research focus on an issues first the nature of public legal action by the government in government administration and second Ratio legis non-judicial legal protection against public legal acts  by the government. The results which have to be achieved are to provide the prescription of essential truth. There are several problems approach used in this study, such as statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach.

  20. Using frames to determine ordinary meaning in court cases: the case of “plant” and “vermin”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Terrence R Carney

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The South African judicial system has a variety of ways to determine the ordinary meaning of words, ranging from preceding court cases and academic publications to expert witnesses. However, one of the main resources in the interpretation of ordinary words is a dictionary. Much has already been published on both the use (and abuse of dictionaries in court cases and the ordinary meaning of words as a legal phenomenon. In continuation of this discourse, I propose that jurists consider using a conceptual approach to the interpretation of ordinary words as opposed to relying overly on dictionaries. One such conceptual approach is the use of frames, which deals with meaning in a way that is similar to Gestalt. In this article, I suggest the use of Barsalou’s (1992 frame structure that may be applied to a contested word in six steps. To illustrate the way Barsalou’s frame functions, I have applied it to two contested words taken from South African court cases. Building a frame in order to determine the ordinary meaning of certain words in court cases proves to be a possible alternative or an additional resource to dictionaries.

  1. 42 CFR 423.1976 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 423.1976 Section 423.1976 Public...) MEDICARE PROGRAM VOLUNTARY MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG BENEFIT Reopening, ALJ Hearings, MAC review, and Judicial Review § 423.1976 Judicial review. (a) Review of ALJ's decision. The enrollee may request judicial...

  2. Veterans before the European Court of Human Rights: Vučković and others against Serbia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rašević Živorad

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper investigates the case of Boban Vučković and others before the Serbian judiciary, Constitutional Court of Serbia and the European Court of Human Rights, which was induced by Serbian Government's lack of recognition of the right to a fair remuneration to the military reservists-veterans of the armed conflict in 1999. in former Yugoslavia. The judicial restrictive approach in interpretation and application of anti-discirimination law norms (contrary to the principle iura novit curia was criticized. Certain solutions were proposed in accordance with international standards, based on non-discriminatory treatment of military reservists in relation to other persons who perform public service, and on obligation to a just satisfaction due to violation of personality rights contained in physical and psychological attrition in military service during the war.

  3. 'Adventurous' judgments
    A comparative exploration into human rights as a moral-political force in judicial law development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bas de Gaay Fortman

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available This article looks at the development of law by the judiciary in the sense of judgments taking the law beyond the point of what was hitherto regarded as ius positivum. Its main perspective, however, is not the creation of law by the courts as such, but rather the ways and means in which the human rights idea has encouraged judges to deliver decisions that imply an overturning of 'settled' law. In the comparative exploration of 'adventurous' judgments that we shall embark on, our focus will be on the political morality of human rights as a driving force in judicial activism. It is assumed, in other words, that where the judiciary is 'active', human rights may play a part as general principles of law as distinct from rules already incorporated in positive law. Notably then, human rights in this way affect positive law in a manner other than through processes of international, regional and national standard setting connected with the establishment of new supervisory institutions and mechanisms. For this reason, the article does not so much consider typical human rights cases; instead the focus is on major decisions by national courts that were not in the first place regarded as human rights cases at all. In this endeavour, the article aims to be no more than an initial comparative exploration, intended to illustrate a function of human rights that is not normally highlighted, namely its function as an inspirational force towards 'adventurous' judgments. Yet, the judicial potential illustrated here is of great significance, as it may lead to law development inspired by the two principal pillars underpinning the international quest for the realization of human rights: universality and human dignity. After reviewing a variety of characteristic cases from such diverse legal backgrounds as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States of America, India, South Africa and Nigeria, some conclusions are drawn as to the ways in which human rights

  4. SANCTIONING DUPLICATION IN ADMINISTRATIVE AND PENAL AREAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel Cabrera Delgado

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This article provides a first approach from the point of view of jurisprudence, to the recurring problem of concurrency sanctions in cases where further intervention of the courts has become necessary for administrative action. In this regard, the main judgments of both the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court is, that have shaped the decisions that must be applied from the administrative level, in particular by educational inspectors, when it is foreseeable that it can produce a duplication of disciplinary procedures in the two areas, penal and administrative.

  5. Aspects of the role of scientific-technical expert knowledge in administrative court procedures on licensing of large technical projects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wagner, H.

    1983-01-01

    On the basis of atomic energy law, the author explains some specific problems associated with the respective roles of experts (or expert bodies) and courts of law. In legal theory, it is comparatively easy to draw the line between the two functions, but in practice this delimination meets with difficulties. Finally, the author proposes to improve the definitions of the respective functions of experts (expert bodies) and courts of law in procedures dealing with permits of large technical facilities as follows: A highly qualified, independent body of experts in a technically representative composition lays down, in a binding way, the main elements of the safety standard of a specific plant or type of plant. The responsible administrative authority, after having examined all other legal conditions, grants the permit for that plant. There are no objections to such a model in the light either of aspects of constitutional law or of legal policy or constitutional policy, not are there any practical reasons against this approach. The only doubtful aspect is the present political feasibility. (orig.) [de

  6. 45 CFR 2.1 - Scope, purpose, and applicability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... violence. The nurse is subsequently served with a subpoena to testify in a criminal proceeding against one... judicial and administrative proceedings. (d) This part does not apply to: (1) Any civil or criminal... 20-,involving the Food and Drug Administration. (7) Any civil or criminal proceedings in State court...

  7. Courts, Clans and Companies: Mobile Money and Dispute Resolution in Somaliland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicole Stremlau

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available One of the world’s most ambitious experiments in mobile money is underway in the Somali territories. In the absence of a strong central government and internationally recognized banking institutions, remittance companies and the telecoms industry have been innovating to provide services unique to the Somali context, which is making the economy increasingly ‘cashless’. Mobile money has posed new regulatory and legal challenges, particularly when disputes involving consumers are involved. This article focuses on a case study from Somaliland (the northern, self-declared independent region of Somalia and examines Zaad, the dominant mobile money platform. Given the weak state institutions, there are a variety of actors, including private companies, government police and courts, sharia courts and traditional elders that play an active role in resolving conflicts that result from mobile money transactions, forging a hybrid judicial approach. We examine how these different actors intervene and create an enabling environment to allow innovation and foster trust in a region of the world that is frequently characterized as violent and lawless.

  8. 40 CFR 178.65 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 178.65 Section 178.65... REQUESTS FOR HEARINGS Judicial Review § 178.65 Judicial review. An order issued under § 178.37 is final... of the order in the Federal Register. The failure to file a petition for judicial review within the...

  9. Analysis of judicial demands in health at the Regional Health Department XII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Florido Povinske Domingues

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available The management of lawsuits in health represents a challenge for most Brazilian municipalities. Many papers described in the literature characterized properly the problem as well as discussed the repercussions on the Unified Health System.In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the situation of health judicial processes at the twelfth Regional Department in Registro, São Paulo´s state, evaluating the profile of the users who claim in court the couverage of treatment´s costs as well as examination, procedure or medication. For this, we analyzed data on lawsuits in the health field at the twelfth Regional Department in Registro (SP from january 2009 to october 2015.The variables studied were gender, age, municipality of origin of the lawsuit, the mentioned disease, the medical prescription origin, specialty of the prescriber, type of lawsuit triggered, year of the lawsuit, entity judicially triggered and requested items. It was analyzed thirty-eight lawsuits against the twelfth Regional Department, it was observed the prevalence of the female gender, age group above 51 years and originating from the municipality of Registro (SP.The most of the judicial actions are for care given at the Unified Health System, by prescribers of specialty in Clinical Medicine and diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. The processes were characterized in the majority by judicial actions called Ordinary Rite, against the State. On the analyzed cases, 92% requested only medications and of these 11% supplements like vitamins and enteral diets.The number of patients who have been served through legal actions in the last three years reached 47% of the total cases registered during the period of the seven years analyzed and the approximate cost was R$ 1,340,000.00.This study contributes to the diagnosis of the processes related to the health judicialization in the region studied. The results showed a predominance of processes which comes from of patients

  10. From Judicial Activism to Judicial Protagonism: For a Transforming Actuation in the Environmental Subject

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iasna Chaves Viana

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The judge’s action setting became modern ágora, preferential space of the relevant public deliberations. Today there is an invasion of the public choices’ usual spaces by the legalization of politics, result of Brazil's institutional design. The concepts of judicial activism and judicial protagonism oppose this scenario. At present it must be judicial action protagonist, transforming reality, understood that which is back to lend maximum effect to the Constitutional text. Especially relevant when it comes to environmental issues, given the enormous complexity of today's society. Case studies aim to show the evolution of the Brazilian Judicial understanding in this regard.

  11. Historical context of the Albanian Constitutional Court

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ravesa Nano

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The Albanian legal tradition is based mostly on the traditional and customary laws. The Ottoman Empire ruled Albania for nearly five centuries and applied some of its translation of Sharia law together with its own rules and procedures. However, the Albanian population, especially in the north was governed by its own customary laws that were included in the Kanun of Lek Dukagjini. For a long period of time, these customary laws were unwritten and were learned generation aft er generation. The Kanun of Lek Dukagjini had very few rules and procedures regarding penal law. They were not arranged properly and there were some repetition for different cases. The National Court was implemented by a popular gathering of the oldest man of the village called Pleqnia. It used to decide on issues immediately, and there was no review of their issues. The rules were clear, simple and strict. There are some ideas from different Albanian researchers that the communist system although exported as an idea from abroad, based its laws and rules very much on the Albanian tradition as for example the creation also People’s Court. There was no institution of judicial review. These researchers point out that it was for this reason that the communist system in Albania lasted for nearly fifty years.

  12. OVERVIEW OF RUSSIAN CIVIL JUSTICE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Maleshin

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Contemporary Russian civil procedure is not a pure Continental model because it also has procedural features of the common law system, as well as some other original and exceptional features. This article examines the main aspects of Russian civil justice: its main principles; judicial organization, including the structure of the courts and the division between courts of general jurisdiction and arbitrazh (commercial courts, and the Intellectual Property Court; sources of procedural law; bar organization; the jurisdiction of the courts; actions and proceedings; legal costs; evidence; administrative procedure; class actions; enforcement proceedings; and arbitration and mediation.

  13. Kári á Rógvi, West-Nordic Constitutional Judicial Review: A Comparative Study of Scandinavian Judicial Review and Judicial Reasoning (Copenhagen: Djøf Publishing, 2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rachael L. Johnstone

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Review of the following book: Kári á Rógvi, West-Nordic Constitutional Judicial Review: A Comparative Study of Scandinavian Judicial Review and Judicial Reasoning (Copenhagen: Djøf Publishing, 2013. pp. 364, 45.00 GBP (paperback. ISBN: 8757429154

  14. Procedural Justice Elements of Judicial Legitimacy and their Contemporary Challenges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nina Persak

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Low trust in courts has been recorded in many EU countries. According to the procedural justice paradigm, this phenomenon has negative repercussions for judicial legitimacy, since people who (or when they distrust an authority tend also not to perceive this authority as legitimate (which, in turn, has consequences for their compliance and cooperation with this authority and its decisions. Legitimacy of judiciary, objectively conceived, has several elements, some of which are connected to procedural justice concerns. This article focuses on the latter. In the second part, moreover, the article addresses some of the possible challenges to the judicial procedural justice, drawing on sociological and socio-legal observations regarding legal institutions in the late modern world, where, for example, efficiency-oriented goals mix with justice- and other public good-oriented ones, often creating internal pressures that may impact on the legitimacy of the institution in question. Numerosos países de la UE han registrado una baja confianza en los tribunales. Según el paradigma de la justicia procesal, este fenómeno tiene repercusiones negativas para la legitimidad judicial, ya que las personas que (o cuando desconfían de una autoridad, también tienden a no percibir esta autoridad como legítima (lo que, a su vez, tiene consecuencias para su conformidad y cooperación con esta autoridad y sus decisiones. La legitimidad del poder judicial, concebida de forma objetiva, tiene diversos elementos, algunos de los cuales están relacionados con las preocupaciones de la justicia procesual. Este artículo se centra en estos elementos. En la segunda parte, además, el artículo aborda algunos de los posibles desafíos de la justicia de procesal, basándose en observaciones sociológicas y sociojurídicas relacionadas con las instituciones legales en el mundo moderno reciente, donde, por ejemplo, los objetivos orientados a la eficiencia se mezclan con objetivos

  15. Why do people appeal to the courts for access to medication? The case of insulin analogues in Bahia (Brazil).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lisboa, Erick Soares; Souza, Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de

    2017-06-01

    Insulin analogues have been the object of controversy concerning their therapeutic superiority to human insulin. Perhaps, in part, because of this, insulin analogues are frequently the subject of lawsuits. The judicialization of health has been well studied, but little is known about the reasons that lead people to go to the courts to obtain access to medicines on SUS (the Brazilian National Health System). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the reasons that led people to appeal to the courts to obtain access to insulins analogues in the state of Bahia. This is a case study based on documentary sources. Between 2010 and 2013, 149 lawsuits requiring insulin analogues from the state health authority were filed in the courts. The main reasons for the appeal to the courts, cited in the cases, can be grouped into four categories: the users' lack of finances, an essential need for insulin analogue, the duty and obligation of the state to provide them and bureaucratic difficulties. People turned to the courts, mostly, because doctors who accompany their patients have shifted from the official policy, believing that insulin analogues are better than human insulins. They also recognize that the public health system does not distribute them nor does it give doctors the wherewithal to purchase them with their own resources.

  16. No Statecraft, Questionable Jurisprudence: How the Supreme Court Tried to Kill Senate Reform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F.L. Ted Morton

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available In the Senate Reform Reference of 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada declared the Harper government’s proposed reforms to the Canadian Senate unconstitutional. The court ruled that the Federal Government could not legislate non-binding, consultative elections for selecting senators, nor legislate term limits for senators without the consent of at least seven of the 10 provinces. It also ruled that abolishing the Senate would require the unanimous consent of all 10 provinces. The court’s ruling is widely understood to have put an end to the Senate reform movement of the past three decades and to have constitutionally entrenched the Senate status quo. My analysis criticizes the court for failing to play a constructive role in facilitating the political reform of an institution that has ceased to serve any useful political purpose (other than patronage and for unnecessarily condemning Canadians to endure this dysfunctional second chamber for at least another generation. In earlier analogous cases of political deadlock and constitutional ambiguity— the Patriation Reference of 1981 and the Quebec Secession Reference of 1997—the court exercised “bold statecraft [if] questionable jurisprudence” to craft compromise rulings that facilitated subsequent resolutions by elected governments. But not in this case. The court could have easily reached a more constructive conclusion following its own “living tree” approach to constitutional interpretation. The court ignored its own “foundational constitutional principles” of democracy and federalism—values that would be enhanced by provincial Senate elections. Indeed, the court has now given greater constitutional support for secession referendums in Quebec than it has for democratically elected senators. I suggest that there is still an exit strategy for the Harper government out of this judicially created dead end: simply turn the appointment of future senators over to provincial premiers

  17. QUALITY AND ETHICS IN THE ROMANIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM. REGARDS ON THE CORRUPTION ISSUE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HULPUŞ IOANA ALEXANDRA

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The current demands require an increased responsibility of the judicial institutions that must meet quality requirements in accordance with European standards, legislative progress and not least the expectations and needs of the customer of justice. In this context, the quality of courts should include the guiding principles of justice among which ethical behavior is paramount. The research aims to demonstrate the role of ethics in the current context, to highlight the link between quality and ethics, and formulate proposals on corruption regarded as unethical behavior. Besides analyzing the definitions and legislation on corruption, the article emphasizes the role of managers in the fight against this scourge. Stressing that coercive measures are not enough to eradicate corruption, we try to highlight the important role of the leadership of courts in quality planning by promoting ethical values, in creating and maintaining an organizational culture based on quality and ethics, in identifying preventive measures in the fight against corruption. Without the involvement of management and adopting a proactive behavior without constant communication with staff on ethical and unethical, legal regulations in the field will have a limited effect.

  18. Monitoring of judicial practice in the field of prevention and settlement of conflicts of interest in the municipal service

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ekaterina S. Shugrina

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Subject. The article is devoted to enforcement the rules concerning conflicts of interest in the municipal service.The purpose of the article is to identify approaches to resolution of legal disputes concerning conflict of interest in the municipal service.Methodology. The authors use theoretical analysis as well as legal methods including formal legal analysis and the method of linguistic interpretation of judicial acts.Results, scope of application. The courts examine a different range of issues: the concept of conflict of interest, personal interest; features of admission to service; application of measures of responsibility; dismissal from service (termination of employment or service relations – during the legal consideration of cases related to the presence and absence of a conflict of interest.The courts apply similar approaches to the conflict of interest in the state and municipal services, despite the fact that state and municipal employees have significant differences in legal status and different legislative acts are applied to each type of service.The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has repeatedly resolved the disputes concerning the issues of conflict of interest.Courts of general jurisdiction resolve such cases mostly in the order of action proceedings. However, the courts are also ought to investigate issues related to the conflict of interest when considering disputes arising from public legal relations when challenging normative legal acts. The attempts of local authorities to change the wording, to go beyond the norms established in Federal legislation are the most common violation.Conclusions. Although the legal positions of the Supreme Court concerning conflict of interest are generally quite consistent, courts at other territorial levels may have different positions on such situations. Therefore, we should welcome the preparation by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of A review of court practice

  19. THE JURISDICTION OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO DELIVER A CANCELLATION JUDGMENT REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS TO WHICH THE EU IS PARTY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roxana-Mariana POPESCU

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In the case where international agreements are treated as legal acts of EU institutions, they may be subject to judicial review exercised by the Court in Luxembourg. Given the fact that we assimilate international agreements to legal acts of the European Union, we would be tempted to ask ourselves the following questions: to what extent declaring an agreement, by a judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU delivered in the action for cancellation, as being inapplicable to the EU legal order, affects the security of international relationships? If these relationships are affected, is it possible to exclude the subsequent verification conducted by the Court? In the study below, our purpose is to find answer to these questions.

  20. Ruling of the Administrative Court of the Council of State of the Netherlands concerning the Appeal Lodged by Certain Environmental Protection Organizations (7th August 1981)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1981-12-01

    In June 1981, a Joint Dutch-Belgian-Swiss radioactive waste disposal operation into the Atlantic was scheduled to take place under the NEA Multilateral Consultation and Surveillance Mechanism for Sea Dumping of Radioactive Waste. The operation was suspended because, on the basis of the 1979 Environmental Protection (General Provisions) Act of the Netherlands, certain environmental protection organizations lodged an appeal against the licence for this operation before the Netherlands Administrative Court of the Council of State, which decided to suspend the operation before deciding on the merits of the case. On 7 August 1981, the Court dismissed the appeal in this Ruling. (NEA) [fr

  1. Undermining the ACA through the executive branch and federalism: what the Trump administration's approach to health reform means for older Americans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, David K; Gusmano, Michael K; Nadash, Pamela; Miller, Edward Alan

    2018-04-12

    The ACA has survived multiple existential threats in the legislative and judicial branches, including dozens of congressional attempts at repeal and two major Supreme Court cases. Even as it seems that the ACA is here to stay, what the law accomplishes is far from settled. The Trump administration is using executive powers to weaken the law, in many cases using the same powers that President Obama used to strengthen the effects of the reform. States have responded by seeking flexibility to pursue reforms, such as work requirements, that could not pass Congress and that were not allowed by the Obama administration. There is no indication that the ACA is imploding as President Trump has predicted and seems to desire, although these changes have a real and substantial impact on the lives of many Americans, including the near-elderly in unique ways.

  2. 31 CFR 363.45 - What are the rules for judicial and administrative actions involving securities held in...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ....6 of this part. In the case of savings bonds, we will only make payment pursuant to the court order to the extent of the money judgment. We will not transfer the savings bonds. (f) IRS levy. We will... equity, or a similar court officer. We will honor a transaction request submitted by a trustee in...

  3. Regional International Courts in Search of Relevance - Adjudicating Politically Sensitive Disputes in Central America and the Caribbean

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Caserta, Salvatore

    2017-01-01

    The Central American and of the Caribbean Courts of Justice (CACJ and CCJ) are hybrid judicial institutions. While their Member States chiefly envisaged them as EU-style regional economic courts, they have explored the whole extension of their formally delegated functions and have developed pecul...... sensitive issues becomes less surprising, and – the article argues – it constitutes part of a strategy of the judges to legitimize the two Courts vis-à-vis their peculiar institutional, political, and social environments....... peculiar expertise in matters relating to freedom of movement, human and fundamental rights, and mega-politics. The article explains how two ICs seemingly established to build common markets have come to rule on high-stakes political disputes, which, ostensibly, have little to do with regional economic...... integration. The article posits that the scholarship on delegation to ICs is only partially able to provide an answer to this question. It, hence, suggests an alternative theoretical framework by relying on transnational field theory and reflexive sociology. The article demonstrates that, despite the rhetoric...

  4. How is a Judicial Decision Made in Parental Religious Disputes? An analysis of determining factors in Dutch and European Court of Human Rights case law

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jet Tigchelaar

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available In the last few decades courts have been confronted with a variety of cases concerning the effects of the religious views and practices of parents on their children. In the Netherlands, family law courts, for example, have had to decide on the choice between secular or religious schooling, on religious rituals like circumcision and baptism, and on the exposure of children to (non-religious practices, when dealing with the contact arrangements. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights shows that family law courts in several other European countries have also had to rule on the impact of parents’ religious practices on their children in the context of parental rights, such as custody and contact rights. In this contribution we investigate the factors used by Dutch judges to assess the best interests of the child in cases on religious disputes between parents. Furthermore, we analyse whether the Dutch case law concerning this topic is in conformity with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Therefore, we present which types of factors can be found and in which way these factors are assessed in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

  5. Is judicial integrity a norm? An inquiry into the concept of judicial integrity in England and the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Soeharno, Jonathan

    2007-01-01

    Much effort is being made to safeguard judicial integrity – but what is it? In this article, two discourses on judicial integrity will be outlined: one in which judicial integrity is said to be at stake and one in which the emphasis lies on safeguarding judicial integrity. These discourses are by no

  6. Administrative and Judicial Cooperation in France

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Vervaele, J.A.E.

    2002-01-01

    There is very little knowledge in the Netherlands of how economic private law and public law are enforced in France. In France too, however, scant information can be gleaned. There is little if any contact in the university community between criminal law and administrative law, partly because

  7. An Analysis of the Constitutional Court Ruling on the Annulment of the Provisions on Coastal Water Concessions (HP-3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Riza Damanik

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available After the annulment of the Coastal Water Concessions (HP-3 in 16 June 2011, traditional fisher folk organization leaders found a great fighting spirit to further follow-up the Constitutional Court Ruling to support their daily lives. For those who are being “evicted” from their living space (the coastal waters, they want to reclaim their rights through constitutional ways. Likewise, those who (feel to have lost their existence as Indonesian traditional fisher folk are impatient to find out whether there is a breakthrough in the Constitutional Court Ruling that can restore the fisher folk’s family way of life. The ruling itself was complex and not easy to understand: 169 pages, with complex writing systematic and typical legal language. For this reason, the analysis of the Constitutional Court Ruling regarding the Judicial Review on Law No. 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands was necessary in order to provide a simpler representation of the Constitutional Court Ruling, and one that is expected to trigger a constructive discussion to implement the favorable parts of the decree for the greatest welfare of the people.

  8. 43 CFR 27.12 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 27.12 Section 27.12... UNDER TITLE II OF PUBLIC LAW 93-153 § 27.12 Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to this part is subject to judicial review. ...

  9. USA SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE AND EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE (COMPARISON

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ovidiu-Horia Maican

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The US Supreme Court and the European Court of Justice are coordinating constitutional review. Although the European Union does not have a constitution, the European Court often engages in what functionally amounts to constitutional review, particularly in relation to the quasi-federal structure of the EU. Both courts have engaged in the constitutionalization of politics and seem in risk of politicizing the constitution. The threats to their respective powers and legitimacy are different. The US Supreme Court is vulnerable to internal forces (the President, Congress, national public opinion whereas the European Court is vulnerable to external forces (the member states and, in particular, theirs constitutional courts.

  10. Análise técnica para a tomada de decisão do fornecimento de medicamentos pela via judicial Análisis técnico para la toma de decisiones de abastecimiento de medicamentos por la vía judicial A technical analysis of medicines request-related decision making in Brazilian courts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloisa Israel de Macedo

    2011-08-01

    procesos fueron obtenidas en el Tribunal de Justicia del Estado de Sao Paulo. Los documentos administrativos legales que regulan la asistencia farmacéutica fueron consultados para identificar la solicitud judicial de medicamentos incorporados por el Sistema Único de Salud. Para análisis del nivel de evidencia de los medicamentos en las indicaciones clínicas referidas, fue consultada la base de datos Thomson Micromedex®. RESULTADOS: El número de medicamentos solicitados en cada proceso varió entre uno y siete ítems, en los cuales fueron identificados 77 fármacos diferentes. De los medicamentos solicitados, 14,3% deberían estar disponibles en la atención básica del Sistema Único de Salud, 19,5% en el componente de medicamentos de dispensación excepcional y 66,2% no pertenecían a ninguna lista oficial. Medicamentos del componente de dispensación excepcional presentaron mejor evidencia clínica al ser indicados en el tratamiento de enfermedades cubiertas por los Protocolos Clínicos y Directrices Terapéuticas del Ministerio de la Salud. CONCLUSIONES: La vía judicial ha sido utilizada para garantizar el acceso a medicamentos cuyo abastecimiento está previsto en el Sistema Único de Salud y para solicitar aquellos no incorporados por él. La evaluación del nivel de evidencia refuerza la necesidad de análisis técnica para la toma de decisión del abastecimiento de medicamentos por la vía judicial.OBJECTIVE: To analyze judicial requests for medications that are covered by the pharmaceutical assistance components of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS - Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS: We analyzed 81 judicial requests for medications in the State of São Paulo between 2005 and 2009. The details of these cases were obtained electronically from the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo. Directives that regulate pharmaceutical assistance were consulted to identify judicially requested medications that are covered by the SUS. To assess the level of

  11. Pregnancy and the 40-Year Prison Sentence: How "Abortion Is Murder" Became Institutionalized in the Salvadoran Judicial System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Viterna, Jocelyn; Bautista, Jose Santos Guardado

    2017-06-01

    Using the case of El Salvador, this article demonstrates how the anti-abortion catchphrase "abortion is murder" can become embedded in the legal practice of state judicial systems. In the 1990s, a powerful anti-abortion movement in El Salvador resulted in a new legal context that outlawed abortion in all circumstances, discouraged mobilization for abortion rights, and encouraged the prosecution of reproduction-related "crimes." Within this context, Salvadoran women initially charged with the crime of abortion were convicted of "aggravated homicide" and sentenced to up to 40 years in prison. Court documents suggest that many of these women had not undergone abortions, but had suffered naturally occurring stillbirths late in their pregnancies. Through analysis of newspaper articles and court cases, this article documents how El Salvador came to prosecute obstetrical emergencies as "murder," and concludes that activism on behalf of abortion rights is central to protecting poor pregnant women from prosecution for reproduction-related "crimes."

  12. 47 CFR 1.1529 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 1.1529 Section 1.1529 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Implementation of the Equal... Judicial review. Judicial review of final agency decisions on awards may be sought as provided in 5 U.S.C...

  13. 17 CFR 201.58 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Judicial review. 201.58 Section 201.58 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Regulations Pertaining to the Equal Access to Justice Act § 201.58 Judicial review. Judicial review of final...

  14. 45 CFR 1703.601 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 1703.601 Section 1703.601 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION SCIENCE GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT Judicial Review § 1703.601 Judicial review. Any person may...

  15. 49 CFR 1016.310 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 1016.310 Section 1016.310 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DEPARTMENT... Judicial review. Judicial review of final Board decisions on awards may be sought as provided in 5 U.S.C...

  16. Court representation in Russia before 1917 (historical aspect

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Konstantin V. Ilyashenko

    2015-12-01

    has a constitutionalguaranteeing value not only in relation to the judicial protection of individual rights and freedoms of a person and citizen but also from the point of view of ensuring the effective exercise of justice. In this respect the legal representation institution is a means of guaranteeing the constitutional principles of justice and a means of providing the adversarial character of the court trial. Scientific novelty the article considers the origin and development of the legal representation institution in Russia the development of this institution before 1917. The conclusion is made about the imperfection of the 1864 judicial reform in terms of reforming the legal representation institution. For the first time using retrospective approach a parallel is drawn between the legal representation institution that existed in Russia before 1917 and the modern judicial representation. Practical significance the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in research and teaching in addressing issues about the formation and development of the legal representation institution in Russia. nbsp

  17. Collective Labor Disputes and Strikes in Russia: The Impact of Judicial Precedents and Enforcement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elena Gerasimova

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The right to strike is recognized in the Constitution and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation as a means to resolve collective labor disputes. However, in Russia labor protests come up for discussion much more frequently than strikes. In recent years the number of labor protests in Russia, including various forms of work stoppage, has increased significantly compared to previous years, but the number of legally constituted collective labor disputes and strikes has remained very low. The legislation on resolution of collective labor disputes and mounting strikes is quite restrictive in Russia, and its enforcement also encourages employees to seek alternative ways to settle collective labor conflicts. There is little empirical research on the judicial implementation of these norms and its influence on the enforcement of legislation. Therefore, this paper analyses the reasoning of courts in cases on the legality of strikes, their interpretations of the law, and the impact these decisions have on the enforcement of the legislation on resolution of collective labor disputes and strikes. Our conclusion is that the courts act as another restrictive influence on the resolution of collective labor disputes and the exercise of the right to strike in Russia.

  18. Legislative, executive branch, regulatory and judicial developments in the USA affecting trade in uranium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glasgow, J.A.

    1989-01-01

    International commerce in uranium continues to be dominated by a complex network of trade barriers and nuclear non-proliferation controls. Nowhere are these barriers and controls more complex than in the United States, or more subject to frequent change. Many in the uranium and utility industries had hoped that the major uranium trade related uncertainties in the United States would be resolved during the summer of 1988. As of mid July 1988, this hope had faded as a much-heralded legislative compromise crumbled and the US Supreme Court's long awaited decision in the Western Nuclear case resolved some issues but opened new avenues of judicial inquiry. This paper distills the main unresolved trade issues and assesses the major ways in which they could be resolved. Pending legislation is reviewed at the outset, followed by a discussion of implications of the USA-Canada Free Trade Agreement and its implementing legislation. The uncertainties remaining after the Supreme Court's decision in the Western Nuclear case are next evaluated. Finally, this paper surveys pending proposals for US governmental controls over some types of national origin and obligation transfers, sometimes referred to as 'flag swaps'. (author)

  19. 6 CFR 13.42 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 13.42 Section 13.42 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 13.42 Judicial review. Section 3805 of title 31, United States Code, authorizes judicial review by an appropriate...

  20. 42 CFR 423.2136 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 423.2136 Section 423.2136 Public...) MEDICARE PROGRAM VOLUNTARY MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG BENEFIT Reopening, ALJ Hearings, MAC review, and Judicial Review § 423.2136 Judicial review. (a) General rule. To the extent authorized by sections 1876(c...

  1. 45 CFR 1203.11 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 1203.11 Section 1203.11 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE... Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to section 602 of title VI is subject to judicial review as provided...

  2. Temporary provision against Kernkraftwerk Biblis dismissed

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1980-01-01

    With its decision of November 19, 1979 - VIII IG 13/79 -, the Administrative Court of Hesse has refused the complaint of a Darmstadt resident whose application for a temporary provision interdicting further operation of the power plant units Biblis A and B had been refused by the Darmstadt Administrative Court. The costs of the procedure, including the extra-judicial costs of the witnesses heard, are to be paid by the plaintiff. The value in litigation was raised to DM 10 000,-. (orig./HP) 891 HP/orig.- 892 CKA [de

  3. Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts v. Bellotti.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1989-02-07

    The Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts instituted a class action suit challenging the constitutionality of a statute requiring minors seeking an abortion to obtain parental consent or to persuade a judge of their maturity to give informed consent or that abortion would be in their best interest. In order to invoke judicial review, the plaintiffs moved their suit to federal court. The District Court dismissed the case on grounds that federal review power would interfere with state administration. On appeal, the First Circuit Court of Appeals decided that the plaintiffs could proceed with their action. The Circuit Court found that federal adjudication would not unduly interfere with state administration and remanded the case for further proceedings. Although it affirmed the statute's validity, the circuit court ruled that the plaintiffs must be allowed the opportunity to demonstrate the statute's unconstitutionality.

  4. Open road to control of constitutionality of section 7 of the Atomic Energy Act

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rengeling, H.W.

    1978-01-01

    The Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG), in answer to the court order of the Higher Administrative Court at Muenster, has affirmed in its interim decision of Jan. 31st, 1978 the permissibility of the concrete judicial review of the constitutionality of section 7 as being correct, and thus it has accepted at the same time the responsibility for the decision as being the responsibility of the Federal Constituional Court. For practical reasons the decision is to be welcomed because it is very likely that the question of the constitutionality of section 7 of the Atomic Energy Act as far as it permits the licensing of FRBs, which has come into the open now on account of the Muenster decision, would have been referred again in the near future to the BverfG, if the court had considered Muenster's order as not permissible. From the judicial point of view, the BVerfG's grounds are of interest; the permissibility of the judicial review of the constitutionality within the framework of the Kalkar case already having been very much in dispute before the verdict. The arguments of the BVerfG, which could be of great interest for similar proceedings in the future are briefly looked at in a critical manner, because the decision made in Karlsruhe will not remain without impacts on law concerning energy and environmental protection and on relevant policies. (orig.) [de

  5. 43 CFR 17.10 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 17.10 Section 17.10... Origin § 17.10 Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to section 602 of the act is subject to judicial review as provided in section 603 of the act. [29 FR 16293, Dec. 4, 1964] ...

  6. 42 CFR 422.612 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 422.612 Section 422.612 Public... Judicial review. (a) Review of ALJ's decision. Any party, including the MA organization, may request judicial review (upon notifying the other parties) of an ALJ's decision if— (1) The Board denied the party...

  7. Federal Constitutional Court, decision of October 5, 1982 (''Stade'')

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1983-01-01

    With the decision of October 5, 1982, the preliminary appraisal committee of the Federal Constitutional Court did not accept for trial the appeal on constitutional grounds against the judgment of December 22, 1980 of the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwGE 61, 256), which dismissed the action for anulment of the 7th part-construction permit for Stade nuclear power plant launched by the apellant domiciled at a distance of about 25 km from said power plant. The committee states that there are doubts even as to the admissibility of the appeal. There is no infringement of Art. 19, Para. 4 of the Basic Law, the court says, and explains the requirements to be met by the statement proving one's case. The apellant did not explain why Art. 3, Para. 1, 2 Para. 1, or 103, Para. 1 Basic Law present a reason to commence legal proceedings, and the court comes to the conclusion that even assuming admissibility on other grounds, the action would most likely be unsuccessful. The court does not accept the opinion stated by the apellant, that the Fed. Adm. Court demanded too stringent requirements for proving one's case, in this particular case the right of third parties affected to call for legal protection. The court furthermore states that there is not sufficient reason to appeal against the preclusion of the apellant's complaints in accordance with section 7 b of the Atomic Energy Act, or section 3(1) of the Nuclear Installations Ordinance. (HP) [de

  8. 31 CFR 6.16 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 6.16 Section 6.16... EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT Procedures for Considering Applications § 6.16 Judicial review. Judicial review of final agency decisions on awards may be sought as provided in 5 U.S.C. 504(c)(2). ...

  9. 31 CFR 92.18 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 92.18 Section 92.18... States Mint § 92.18 Judicial review. A Final Notice of Assessment issued under the procedures in this subpart may be subject to judicial review pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 701 et seq. ...

  10. One to Criticism Positivism Legal And Judicial Discretion in the Light of the Work "Measure for Measure" Shakespeare

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Cacinotti Costa

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The study aims to screen, in tracing the horizon in "Measure for Measure" by Shakespeare, develop a critique of legal positivism and judicial discretion, with the case study basis, consistent in the reasons released by the Court of Rio Grande do Sul if referring to the son in law that kills the father and want the right to sharecropping inheritance. The theoretical framework of the paper is the hermeneutical philosophy and philosophical hermeneutics (Heidegger/Gadamer, the Law as Integrity (Dworkin and Critical Hermeneutics of law (Streck, in a (required approach between Law and Literature for production constitutionally appropriate decisions.

  11. 28 CFR 36.204 - Administrative methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administrative methods. 36.204 Section 36... PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND IN COMMERCIAL FACILITIES General Requirements § 36.204 Administrative methods... standards or criteria or methods of administration that have the effect of discriminating on the basis of...

  12. Role and activities of courts in procedures of atomic energy laws

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiono, Hiroshi

    1980-01-01

    The most typical dispute on atomic energy processes takes place in Japan around seeking the annulment of permission of the installation of reactors, and nine cases on the atomic energy facilities for power generation are now in discussion. Nullification proceedings are stipulated in the law of administrative issue legal procedure. Under the law, the abolition of administrative activities can be sought only by the persons who have legal interests, which mean legally protected interests according to Japanese court decisions. The expected damage due to hot water discharge from reactors was not examined in the Ikata judgement, because hot water discharge would be discussed in the examination of permission under the Electricity Enterprises Act, according to the court. In other respects, court judgements cover all dangers of atomic energy and harmful effects of radiation. The most important point of discussion is emergency core cooling system, and Japanese special circumstances are found in that the counter measures against earthquakes are the major problem. In the Ikata case, the court held that waste treatment should be examined, and that the judgement of the government office to some degree on the method of reprocessing would suffice. The Ikata decision maintained that the standard of safety examination should depend upon the present level of science. The attitude of the court in the Ikata case was not clear as to whether the discretion of the government office may be permitted in safety judgement. (Okada, K.)

  13. 77 FR 22328 - Guidance for Industry on the Judicious Use of Medically Important Antimicrobial Drugs in Food...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-13

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2010-D-0094] Guidance for Industry on the Judicious Use of Medically Important Antimicrobial Drugs in Food-Producing Animals; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Food and...

  14. 14 CFR 1250.110 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 1250.110 Section 1250.110... PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 1250.110 Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to section 602 of the Act is subject to judicial review as provided in section 603...

  15. 31 CFR 27.8 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 27.8 Section 27.8... OF DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NAMES, SYMBOLS, ETC. § 27.8 Judicial review. A final Notice of Assessment issued under this party may be subject to judicial review pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 701 et seq. ...

  16. 31 CFR 28.630 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 28.630 Section 28.630 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS... Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to 20 U.S.C. 1682 is subject to judicial review as provided in 20 U...

  17. A Lei Maria da Penha e a administração judicial de conflitos de gênero: Inovação ou reforço do modelo penal tradicional?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Ghiringhelli de Azevedo

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como base pesquisa que analisou o tratamento judicial concedido à conflitualidade doméstica e familiar pelo Juizado de Violência Doméstica e Familiar Contra a Mulher de Porto Alegre. Além de identificar as lógicas de tratamento do conflito, os resultados alcançados e a percepção dos agentes jurídicos, buscou-se, a partir de um referencial teórico que trata da crise do modelo jurídico tradicional e da emergência do “Estado Regulativo”, esclarecer até que ponto estamos diante de um novo modelo de enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, voltado para a prevenção e a superação do conflito, ou de uma opção pela extensão, antecipação e reforço punitivo. The ‘Maria da Penha Law’ and the Judicial Treatment of Gender Conflicts: Innovation Or Reinforcement of the Traditional Penal Model? is based on research that investigated the judicial treatment of domestic and family conflicts by the Court for Domestic and Family Violence Against Women of Porto Alegre, Brazil. As well as identify­ing the logic behind the treatment, the results achieved and the perception of the court agents, a theoretical base was explored to understand the crisis of the traditional le­gal model and the emergence of the “Regulator State”, and to elucidate the extent to which we are faced with a new model for tackling violence against women, geared toward preventing and overcoming conflict, or with the option of punitive reinforcement, extension and anticipation.Keywords: Maria da Penha Law, violence against women, judicial treatment of conflicts, penal model, law

  18. Internação por ordem judicial: dilemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros Internación por orden judicial: dilemas éticos vividos por enfermeros Hospitalization by court order: ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira Vargas

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Pesquisa qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi descrever as situações vivenciadas e os dilemas éticos dos enfermeiros no percurso de encaminhamento e recebimento, por ordem judicial, de pacientes com indicação de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI. Foi efetivada entrevista parcialmente estruturada com 10 enfermeiros, que atuam em UTI e 10 que atuam em emergência de hospitais públicos e privados da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Os resultados indicam que os enfermeiros vivenciam dilemas éticos consequentes aos problemas de superlotação das UTI e das emergências, da precária tecnologia especializada, da orientação quanto ao benefício concedido pela lei. Concluiu-se que é fundamental a participação dos enfermeiros em debates que possibilitem mapear as diferentes instâncias que têm promovido esta situação, muitas vezes caótica.Investigación cualitativa cuyo objetivo fue describir las situaciones vividas y los dilemas éticos de los enfermeros en el transcurso del envío y recibimiento por orden judicial de pacientes con indicación de internamiento en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI. Se realizó una entrevista parcialmente estructurada con 10 enfermeros que actuaban en la UCI y 10 que actuaban en Emergencias de hospitales públicos y privados de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados según el Análisis Temático. Los resultados indican que los enfermeros experimentan dilemas éticos consiguientes problemas de hacinamiento en emergencia y UCI, especialista en tecnología pobre, la orientación en cuanto a los beneficios establecidos por la ley. Se concluye que es fundamental la participación de los enfermeros en debates que posibiliten mapear las diferentes instancias que han promovido esta situación muchas veces caótica.A qualitative study aimed at describing the situations experienced and the ethical

  19. O protagonismo judicial e as políticas públicas / The judicial leadership and public policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Amorim

    2016-07-01

                                     Abstract: This study aims to analyze the judicial control of public policies. Thus, the doctrinal concept of these policies will be explained, and the delimitation of political harvest and develops. A brief overview of the division of powers is necessary, in order to better define what can be considered as judicial activism. About this same theme of activism, will be shown that there is no consensus on their classification, but it depends on the time and place to be analyzed. A relevant discussion on the possible Reserve Theory is demonstrated, as well as whether or not their use when analyzing the legitimacy of judicial intervention in the sphere of activities of the other two branches of government. Finally, the subject of judicial intervention at the present time will be studied, and their possible consequences for democracy. Keywords: Public policy; Judicial activism; Possible reserve theory.

  20. 28 CFR 522.15 - No good time credits for inmates serving only civil contempt commitments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... only civil contempt commitments. 522.15 Section 522.15 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INMATE ADMISSION, CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER ADMISSION TO INSTITUTION Civil Contempt of Court Commitments § 522.15 No good time credits for inmates serving only civil contempt...

  1. 28 CFR 522.14 - Inmates serving civil contempt commitments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Inmates serving civil contempt... ADMISSION, CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER ADMISSION TO INSTITUTION Civil Contempt of Court Commitments § 522.14 Inmates serving civil contempt commitments. We treat inmates serving civil contempt commitments in...

  2. An immediate go-ahead for nuclear plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stubbe, C.

    1986-01-01

    In the meantime a wealth of court decisions have been reached regarding an immediate go-ahead for nuclear power plants. For all that, it is still not clear - and varying decisions have been made in judgement - according to which criteria the judicial balance is to be made between the interests of the plaintiff in bringing about a stay of the proceedings and the interests of the planner in going ahead with them. The author advocates an examination of the main issue already during suspension proceedings until the court can form a preliminary opinion on the chances of success of the main issue. He also advocates in the Administrative Court Ordinance regulations regarding go-ahead as determined in the commission draft to the Administrative Court of 1978. (orig.) [de

  3. Mental health court outcomes: a comparison of re-arrest and re-arrest severity between mental health court and traditional court participants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moore, Marlee E; Hiday, Virginia Aldigé

    2006-12-01

    Mental health courts have been proliferating across the country since their establishment in the late 1990's. Although numerous advocates have proclaimed their merit, only few empirical studies have evaluated their outcomes. This paper evaluates the effect of one mental health court on criminal justice outcomes by examining arrests and offense severity from one year before to one year after entry into the court, and by comparing mental health court participants to comparable traditional criminal court defendants on these measures. Multivariate models support the prediction that mental health courts reduce the number of new arrests and the severity of such re-arrests among mentally ill offenders. Similar analysis of mental health court completers and non-completers supports the prediction that a "full dose" of mental health treatment and court monitoring produce even fewer re-arrests.

  4. Doing Justice Outside the Courts: From 19th Century Demands to the Reparations of the Agrarian Reform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helga Baitenmann

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available This article interprets Mexico’s revolutionary agrarian reform as a rearrangement of the balance of power between the executive and judicial branches of government in which village representatives played a key role. In the nineteenth century, when villagers were unable to resolve their land conflicts in the courts, they often asked the executive to intervene. However, the judiciary successfully defended its authority over contentious land matters. The same dynamic played out during Francisco I. Madero’s government, when pueblo representatives assumed that the Ministry  of development would take over land and settle boundary disputes, but the judiciary continued to defend the constitutional separation of powers. Yet the existing balance of power changed radically when Venustiano  Carranza, in the middle of a civil war during which he shut down the judiciary,  signed an agrarian law that allowed the executive to appropriate court functions. The first two reinstated Supreme Courts subsequently gave up some of the prerogatives that constitutionally belonged to the judiciary. This analysis reevaluates prevailing understandings of Mexican agrarian law and the origins of the federal executive’s extraordinary twentieth-century powers.

  5. Threats to repair injury caused by judicial errors and criminal damage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muntean Vasilisa

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The grounds for the occurrence of punitive damages are related to the illicit actions of the persons with responsibilities in the courts and the criminal prosecution bodies. In order to provide protection against such unfair situations, there are a number of legal guarantees. The legislator has highlighted both the specific circle of reasons (illegal detention, unlawful criminal prosecution, unlawful sentencing, etc. necessary to ensure that the damage caused to the person can be repaired, as well as the circle of conditions for the right to reparation (the acquittal, the order for termination of the criminal proceedings or for the prosecution, etc.. The reparation of the damage caused by judicial and criminal prosecution errors arises at the time when the act whereby the person was convicted or illegally arrested, ie at the time when the rehabilitation act became irrevocable, was found to be illegal.

  6. The Modernization of the Audit Courts of Brazil: PROMOEX deployment assessment in Audit Courts subnational

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diones Gomes da Rocha

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Mainly since the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, the Brazilian Courts of Accounts (TC had expanded its expertise to carry out the control of management of public entities on different perspectives, such as operational, accounting, budgetary and financial. The differences between these institutions in terms of economic, technological and human resources were factors that made it difficult to adapt these institutions to the new acquired competences. The Promoex then emerged as a solution for modernization of Brazilian subnational Courts of Accounts. Such solution had funds of US $ 64.4 million dollars. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to assess the implementation of this program by 33 TCs. The evaluation was conducted from documents collected from web pages of MPOG, ATRICON, IRB and the Portal of Brazil Courts of Accounts. The Loan Agreement 1628-OC / BR, Object Compliance Report, Progress Reports of the 1st and 2nd semesters of 2013 (final report, and surveys conducted by the FIA and FGV also were scrutinized. The results indicate that the Promoex was less than expected; the modernization proposals were more focused on solving administrative problems, as well as by the low impact of Promoex over the actions developed by the TCs.

  7. 28 CFR 345.57 - Administrative pay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administrative pay. 345.57 Section 345.57... (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Pay and Benefits § 345.57 Administrative pay. An inmate excused from a job assignment may receive administrative pay for such circumstances as a general recall for an...

  8. How is a Judicial Decision Made in Parental Religious Disputes? An analysis of determining factors in Dutch and European Court of Human Rights case law

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jonker, M.; Tigchelaar, H.

    2016-01-01

    In the last few decades courts have been confronted with a variety of cases concerning the effects of the religious views and practices of parents on their children. In the Netherlands, family law courts, for example, have had to decide on the choice between secular or religious schooling, on

  9. The jurisdiction of administrative courts in disputes about the payment of costs incurred for investigating or supervisory tasks in compliance with section 21 AtG (Atomic Energy Act). Hess. VGH, decision of August 2, 1993 - 14 A 995/92

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1994-01-01

    Disputes about payment of costs incurred by investigating or supervisory tasks in compliance with section 21 AtG (Atomic Energy Act) are to be settled by a the first instance, the administrative courts. (Judgment of Higher Adm. Court of Hesse, as of August 2, 1993 - 14 A 995/92). (orig./HSCH) [de

  10. Possibilities for reducing control and speeding up procedures in the judicial control, according to the Federal Immission Control Act, section 6, of licences granted

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schwab, J.

    1986-01-01

    On evaluating court rulings and literature it is seen that there is far-reaching disagreement in dealing with the density of administrative control in immission protection. Further problems consist in the fact that law-suits take extremely long to conclude and that the courts of administration are faced with an immense load of work. This thesis therefore aims to point out ways and means in accordance with democratic practices to reduce the difficulties now existing. Ways are sought to reduce control via the material immission protection regulations and via administrative regulations. A comparison with American legal practice shows that courts primarily supervise the administrative procedure and develop its rules further. That practice lies within the limits of the theory of the scope of evaluation. (HSCH) [de

  11. The right to appeal under the constitution of Albania and court jurisdiction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donika Plakolli

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The right to appeal is both a fundamental human right and a procedural tool, whereby parties exercise examination of the lawfulness of court rulings, etc. The constitution of the Republic of Albania, 1 approved in 1998, expressly provides for and guarantees the right to file an appeal. Unlike other rights, this fundamental right was not restricted, being in accordance with Article 17 of the Constitution, except for cases otherwise provided in the Constitution. In accordance with this constitutional right and guarantee, all codes of administrative procedures, civil and criminal procedure, provided for and widely guaranteed the exercise of the right to file an appeal. This absence of restriction of the right to fi le an appeal brought about an overload of court cases and trial delays, thus making the completion of the adjudication within a reasonable deadline uncertain. As a result, there rose the necessity to limit this right in the Constitution of the Republic of Albania. The amendments to the Constitution by Law no. 76/2016 also limited the right to fi le an appeal under Article 17 of the Constitution. However, these amendments were not complete, as they did not entail the exercise of the right to file an appeal against decisions of administrative authorities. The jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Albania is a guarantee of the right to appeal/effective access in the civil and administrative process, although slightly controversial in the criminal process. However, positive developments regarding the guarantee of effective access to the court have recently occurred. Even in the broad jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights, when cases from Albania have been adjudicated, violations of the right to effective appeal have been observed in the criminal process.

  12. 28 CFR 802.10 - Fee schedule.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA... Guidelines. They reflect direct costs for search, review (in the case of commercial requesters), and... case of commercial requesters), and duplicating documents to respond to a FOIA request. (c) Fees shall...

  13. 5 CFR 581.307 - Compliance with legal process requiring the payment of attorney fees, interest, and/or court costs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... the payment of attorney fees, interest, and/or court costs. 581.307 Section 581.307 Administrative... payment of attorney fees, interest, and/or court costs. Before complying with legal process that requires withholding for the payment of attorney fees, interest, and/or court costs, the governmental entity must...

  14. Importance of court practice review in Russian arbitration (commercial) court proceedings

    OpenAIRE

    Solovyev, A.

    2013-01-01

    The article concerns the matters of court practice review in terms of participation in arbitration (commercial) court proceedings. The author gives general description of the system of the arbitration courts administering business and economic justice in the Russian Federation, covered the key areas and worked out the practical recommendations concerning the focal points of arranging the appropriate work in respect of review of law enforcement practice of such courts.

  15. Administrative litigation systems in Europe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cătălin-Silviu Săraru

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The article, analyzing the administrative litigation in the comparative law, groups the existing types of administrative litigation into four major systems, namely: a States with administrative jurisdictions who have the State Council on top, administrative body with consultative and judicial role (the French system; b States with administrative jurisdictions completely separated from the active and consultative administrations (the German system; c States with administrative jurisdictions included in the judicial system; d States with no administrative jurisdiction (English system. The administrative contentious systems analyzed have developed in line with historical evolution and legal traditions and have been continually adapted to the realities existing in each state. The manner in which the administrative contentious is regulated in a State reflects the degree of democratization of that country, the extent to which the citizen enjoys legal safeguards to defend himself against abuses by public authorities. The scientific novelty of this article is to capture the latest trends in the evolution of the administrative contentious systems analyzed. This study aims to provide an easy working tool for reforming administrative litigation on comparative law in states with young democracy. In the research we used the comparative method, the historical and the logical method.

  16. Sharia Business and The Challenge of Dispute Settlement in Indonesian Religious Court

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rahadi Wasi Bintoro

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Sharia economy is not new in the world of Islam. Development of sharia economic law in Indonesia begins with the emergence of islamic banking. The development of national and international economy that always moves quickly along with more wider challenges, should always be followed in responsively by national banking in carrying its functions and responsibilities out to the community. According to the sharia banking law in order to be categorized in the scope of islamic economics, it is determined by the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council. This is due to the MUI as an institution that has the authority in the field of religion and related to the interest of Indonesian muslims. One thing that is interesting from the proliferation of business activities with Sharia principles is about its pattern of settlement of disputes is related with Religion Court jurisdiction. Religion Court is an institution that has authority to examine dispute settlement of sharia economy case in Indonesia. However, the law of civil procedure used in the Religious Court is still referring to procedureal law in the general court which is much criticized, because its complicated procedures and take a long time so it’s been very expensive. Based on the analysis, the development of sharia economic system is basically the demands of the business world, which has the fast-moving character, however, development of sharia economy of which is not accompanied with its own substance of law, especially the procedural law that works to resolve disputes, so that, on its turn, it will lead to the obstacle for the sharia economic development itself, in which the condition is contrary to the principle of simple justice, quick and low cost as stipulated in the provisions of Article 2 (4 of Law No. 48 Year 2009 on Judicial.

  17. THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    TETYANA KOMAROVA

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The author discusses the relationship between two legal orders: international law and European Union (EU law. The main provisions of this relationship have been established through the precedential practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union – the EU’s main judicial body. This kind of research seems important because of the gap in the theory of international law caused by the immutable dogma of the supremacy of international law. However, modern legal practice demonstrates a certain fragmentation of the international legal order because of the impact of the existence and development of regional supranational legal orders. The EU legal order, with its own special nature (sui generis, is undoubtedly one of the most developed among them. The Court of Justice of the European Union performs a crucial role in the EU legal system concerning application and interpretation of EU law. It provides a uniform interpretation of this law for the purposes of development of supranational integration. In this context the Court of Justice the European Union establishes the status of European law and its relationship with the national legal systems and international law. The Court acts as protector of the EU legal order against the influence of other legal orders. The Court’s precedential practice reveals EU law’s tendency towards its constitutionalization and the development of its autonomy. The latest practice indicates the Court’s powers to review the EU institutions’ acts in relation to the implementation of UN Security Council resolutions. This proves the Court’s ability to establish indirect control even over UN acts.

  18. The Roles of the Supreme Court of the Republic Indonesia in Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards in Indonesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mutiara Hikmah

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Indonesia has been being a member of the 1958 New York Convention since 1981, namely upon issuance of the Presidential Decree No. 34 of 1981. Prior to taking into force of the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 1990 on Procedures for Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral awards, there were still constraints for the foreign business players in term of enforcement of arbitral awards in Indonesia. The Supreme Court as the highest judicial institution in Indonesia holds that international arbitral awards can not be enforced in Indonesia. After the Indonesian Supreme Court has issued such a regulation, enforcement of international arbitral awards in Indonesia began to be enforceable, because the procedural law that governs the procedures for execution of arbitral awards has been clear. In order to regulate better the international arbitral award problems in the hierarchy of legislation, on October 12, 1999, the Law on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution was promulgated. In that Law, there is a special part discussing the International Arbitration. This study examines the development of international arbitral award enforcement in Indonesia before Indonesia becoming member of the 1958 New York Convention, until nowadays, by analyzing the international arbitral awards that were decided by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia after the coming into effect of the Arbitration Law.

  19. Against the wearing of anti-nuclear buttons by teachers. Hamburg Administrative Court, decision of March 6, 1979

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1979-11-01

    In its decision the Administrative Court of Hamburg confirms the interdiction of the Hamburg School Board, directed to a mistress of a secondary school, from wearing the button 'Nuclear power - No, thanks' at school and in classrooms, and it dismisses the teacher's appeal. According to the Hamburg Law on Civil Servants, and as a civil servant, she has to exercise restraint with regard to political activities, i.e., she has to stop wearing this button. Considering carefully both, her duties with regard to the educational task incumbent on schools, and her basic right to express her opinion freely, it has to be considered that this restraint only refers to the service rendered by her in school. In addition, she may express her views during classroom discussions, too, or when she deals with this problem in class.

  20. 26 CFR 301.6361-2 - Judicial and administrative proceedings; Federal representation of State interests.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... liability. (b) Criminal proceedings. Only the Federal Government shall have the right to bring a criminal... representation of State interests. (a) Civil proceedings—(1) General rule. Any person shall have the same right... procedures under State law. (2) Exception. The right or power of the courts of any State to pass on matters...

  1. Does Avoiding Judicial Isolation Outweigh the Risks Related to “Professional Death by Facebook”?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karen Eltis

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available What happens when judges, in light of their role and responsibilities, and the scrutiny to which they are subjected, fall prey to a condition known as the “online disinhibition effect”? More importantly perhaps, what steps might judges reasonably take in order to pre-empt that fate, proactively addressing judicial social networking and its potential ramification for the administration of justice in the digital age? The immediate purpose of this article is to generate greater awareness of the issues specifically surrounding judicial social networking and to highlight some practical steps that those responsible for judicial training might consider in order to better equip judges for dealing with the exigencies of the digital realm. The focus is on understanding how to first recognize and then mitigate privacy and security risks in order to avoid bringing justice into disrepute through mishaps, and to stave off otherwise preventable incidents. This paper endeavors to provide a very brief overview of the emerging normative framework pertinent to the judicial use of social media, from a comparative perspective, concluding with some more practical (however preliminary recommendations for more prudent and advised ESM use.

  2. AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF STATE COURTS: DILEMMAS, PARADOXES AND PERPLEXITIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morgana Paiva Valim

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This article is a cut on the ideologies and practices recommended by the State Court of Rio de Janeiro compared to the Special Courts. The organization of this body reflects the tensions and conflicts that permeate the legal field and show that through their practices maintenance convictions of power relations emerge the politicization of the agents in this locus. For sure, the state nods proposals considered innovative and socially oriented as electronic application with the aim of optimizing the administration of the court and made to minimize questions of efficiency and effectiveness of their services. The objective was to thus mark since the creation, construction and development activities as a mechanism for an observational reading inspired by the anthropology, also verified the categories of access to justice and citizenship.

  3. THE CLUSTER- AN ENTITY WITH OR WITHOUT JUDICIAL PERSONALITY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Anca Artene

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available As a result of the integration within the European Union, in the economical and social life of Romania, new judicial entities have been developed. The cluster is amongst the most recent advent in the judicial spectre. The cluster represents a group of people both individuals and legal persons which is considered to act on the basis of an association contract conceptualized under the existent agreements of the organizations found within the spectrum of science and accredited innovation and/or accredited higher education institutions ,as well as, other noncommercial institutions. At the same time, economic agents, local public administrative authorities, employers` or professionals associations, non-judicial individuals, financial institutions, international organizations, local and foreign investors are relevant for the emergence of the scientific and educational research activities, as well as for the technological transfer of the scientific and innovative results and their valorisation through economical activities. 2 Therefore, it can be argued that the cluster has appeared as a result of the necessity to create a proper environment that would reunite the business partners in order to develop common resources and competences. These are based on similar marketing strategies, the participation to similar projects and initiatives, the opportunity to create a brand, etc. An additional circumstance that has determined the development of this entity in its more recent form, is represented by the possibility of ensuring (at least in a pageant manner the independence for every partner on the basis of the dualism between competition- cooperation. The cluster can be organized as an entity with or without judicial personality. The definition of the cluster makes us reflect upon the ways in which it can be constituted: legal person with lucrative purpose, legal person without lucrative purpose, association without legal personality (simple association of

  4. At the Supreme Court.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williams, Charles F.

    2000-01-01

    States that in the past juvenile courts afforded children with fewer rights than criminal courts accorded to adults accused of the same crimes. Reviews three U.S. Supreme Court cases that affirmed the constitutional rights of juvenile offenders and changed juvenile court proceedings. Discusses whether the juvenile death penalty violates…

  5. COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION - INTERNATIONAL COURT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ioana Nely Militaru

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU performs according to its competence, the position of International Justice in solving disputes between two or more subjects of international law. International jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the EU is - mandatory that each Member State has the opportunity to seize this court if it considers that another state violated an obligation incumbent upon it under Union Treaties; - optional in disputes between Member States in connection with the subject Union Treaties.

  6. Judicial Performance Review in Arizona: A Critical Assessment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebecca White Berch

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Judicial performance evaluations are a relatively new tool for assessing judges and providing information to voters to help them determine whether to retain judges in contested or retention elections. Arizona implemented its judicial evaluation program about 20 years ago, and since that time, the state has continually strived to improve its process. The result is that today Arizona has one of the most progressive and comprehensive judicial performance evaluation programs in the United States. This article takes a critical look at the strengths and weaknesses of Arizona’s program, keeping in mind two key values that the system seeks to protect: judicial accountability and judicial independence. Las evaluaciones del rendimiento judicial son una herramienta relativamente nueva para evaluar a los jueces y ofrecer información a los votantes, que les ayude a decidir si quieren reelegir a los jueces en las elecciones. Arizona implementó su programa de evaluación judicial hace unos 20 años, y desde ese momento, el Estado se ha esforzado continuamente en mejorar el proceso. El resultado es que hoy en día, Arizona tiene uno de los programas de evaluación del rendimiento judicial más progresistas e integrales de los Estados Unidos. Este artículo ofrece una mirada crítica a las fortalezas y debilidades del programa de Arizona, teniendo en cuenta dos valores clave que el sistema trata de proteger: la responsabilidad judicial y la independencia judicial. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2533868

  7. 46 CFR 1.01-30 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 1.01-30 Section 1.01-30 Shipping COAST... Judicial review. (a) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit any party from seeking judicial review of any Commandant's decision or action taken pursuant to the regulations in this part or part 5 of...

  8. Trajetória da revisão judicial no desenho constitucional brasileiro: tutela, autonomia e judicialização The trajectory of judicial review in the brazilian constitutional design: tutelage, autonomy and judicialization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernani Carvalho

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available As instituições judiciárias ficaram por muito tempo na sombra dos fenômenos e da teoria política estudadas na América Latina. Neste texto trago algumas reflexões em torno de uma dessas instituições, a revisão judicial. A ideia central é demonstrar a trajetória deste instrumento jurídico que se tornou uma peça chave no entendimento da judicialização da política no Brasil. Neste sentido, tentaremos mapear os fatores que potencializam a judicialização da política tomando como pano de fundo a evolução das instituições judiciais brasileiras no período republicano, especificamente as instituições responsáveis pela revisão judicial.The judicial institutions remained for a long time in the shadow of the political phenomena and theory in Latin America. This article presents some thoughts on one of these institutions, the judicial review. The main idea is to demonstrate the trajectory of this legal instrument that has become a key piece to understand the judicialization of politics in Brazil. In this sense, the paper tries to identify the factors that lead to the judicialization of politics, considering as background the evolution of the judicial institutions in Brazil during the republican period, and in particular the institutions responsible for the judicial review.

  9. Financial compensation for radiotherapy-related adverse events in a judicial system where proof of medical negligence is not required

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nyandoto, Paul; Muhonen, Timo; Hakala, Tapani; Dombrowski, Mitchell P.; Joensuu, Heikki

    2001-01-01

    Purpose: To examine the frequency of adverse events related to radiation therapy that lead to financial compensation in a judicial system that is not based on litigation in court but on statutory insurance where proof of medical negligence is not required for obtaining compensation. Methods and Materials: In Finland, an injured patient does not sue through the courts, but submits an insurance claim to the Patient Insurance Association. Proof of medical negligence is not required for obtaining compensation. We reviewed all filed claims associated with radiotherapy presented to the Patient Insurance Association from May 1987 to January 1999. During this time period, 1,732,000 patient visits to radiation therapy units were made, and the estimated number of radiotherapy treatments was 86,600. The data collected included descriptions of the adverse events, examination of the radiation therapy procedures followed, assessment of the causal relation of the event to radiotherapy by the therapists involved and by independent reviewers, and the sums used for compensation. Results: Only 102 patients (about 0.1%) had filed a claim for financial compensation, and in 18 (0.02%) cases the claim led to compensation. The mean national annual expenditure used for compensation was $35,200, and the sums paid in single cases ranged from $310 to $287,430 (median, $1,970). The expenditure used for compensating adverse radiation events was about $4 per treated patient, which is about 0.3% of all radiation therapy costs. Conclusions: The frequency of radiation therapy injuries that are financially compensated can remain low in an insurance-based judicial system where no litigation or attorneys are involved

  10. The International Criminal Court at the crossroads

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdelwahab Biad

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Since the adoption of the Statute of Rome in July 1998, the ICC has been confronted by a number of problems. One such problem is the disagreement which persists among the members of the Assembly of Member States as to whether the crime of Aggression is one over which the Court has competence pursuant to Article 5 of the Statute. Another diffi culty is the opposition of the United States of America which, since the Bush Administration, has deployed a juridical arsenal with the aim of impeding any type of collaboration with the ICC; the tools in the arsenal include the American Service Members’ Protection Act and bilateral immunity agreements which prevent the transfer of American citizens to the Court by State members of the Rome Statute. The entry into force of the of the Statute on 1 July 2002 allowed the Court Prosecutor to initiate the fi rst investigations and processes for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the confl icts which have devastated certain African States (D.R.C., The Central African Republic and Uganda. The arrest warrant against the Sudanese President Omar Al Bashir for atrocities committed in Darfur demonstrates the limitations of action on the Court which cannot carry out its mandate without the cooperation of the States. Above all, the Court must confront the criticism of “double standards” and that it is an instrument of “justice for the poor”, while the “powerful” escape. The answers to these problems can be contributed to, in part, through the revision process foreseen by the Statute nine years after its entry into force.

  11. Case law and administrative decisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    Some extracts of case law: ruling of the Supreme Administrative Court on the decision to shut units 3 and 4 of Kozloduy nuclear power plant (Bulgaria), judgement of the County Court of Cherbourg concerning the import of spent fuel to La Hague (France), judgement of the Nagoya High Court on the invalidity of the licence to establish the Monju reactor, judgement of the Mito District Court issuing penalties in respect of the Tokai-Mura accident, the Principle of justification: the application of the Principle to the Manufacture of MOX fuel in the UK, Ruling of the US Court of International trade in relation to the sale of uranium enrichment services in the United States, Commission v Council Accession of the Community to the Convention on nuclear safety, government decision not to appeal court ruling on the continued operation of the Borssele nuclear power plant. (N.C.)

  12. 28 CFR 0.48 - International trade litigation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false International trade litigation. 0.48... Division § 0.48 International trade litigation. The Attorney-in-Charge, International Trade Field Office... and all other papers filed in the Court of International Trade, when the United States is an adverse...

  13. 75 FR 81645 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Criminal Procedure

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-28

    .... McCabe, Secretary, Rules Committee Support Office, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Washington, DC 20544, telephone (202) 502-1820. Dated: December 21, 2010. Peter G. McCabe, Rules Committee...

  14. Justice systems and ICT
    What can be learned from Europe?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Velicogna

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT opens up new opportunities to significantly improve the administration of justice. The availability of web services, the use of electronic filing, the electronic exchange of legal documents, the possibility of on-line legislation and case law are only some examples that are spurring judicial administrations around the world to rethink their current functions and activities. ICT can be used to enhance efficiency, access, timeliness, transparency and accountability, thus helping judiciaries to provide adequate services. As many empirical examples show, this is, however, not always the case. The interaction between technology and highly regulated organisations, such as courts, may often lead to unexpected results. Europe, with its different institutional settings and experiences, allows the exploration of a variety of solutions that can be implemented to support the administration of justice. Most importantly, it also provides the opportunities for a unique insight into the dynamics and problems that may characterize such experiences. This article seeks to provide an empirically derived account on the uses of ICT within the courts and for judicial data interchange. The article is based on data collected through several research projects by the Research Institute on Judicial Systems of the Italian National Research Council, in partnership with other European institutions, including Universities and Ministries of Justice.

  15. La bonne administration en droit communautaire et le Code européen de bonne conduite administrative

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mendes, J.

    2009-01-01

    The Code of Good Administrative Behaviour is an important source for understandingthe principle and concept of good administration in European administrative law, since itencompasses certain aspects that tend to be overlooked by the case law of the European Courts andEuropean law scholars.

  16. Dispersão de Fundamentos no Supremo Tribunal Federal / Scattered Arguments in Federal Supreme Court

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Carvalho Leite

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: O trabalho analisa, em duas partes, o fenômeno conhecido por dispersão de fundamentos, prática decisória que por vezes marca o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF no controle de constitucionalidade. A primeira parte é descritiva e sugere que a dispersão de fundamentos é fenômeno que ocorre pela presença necessária da regra de maioria decisória simples (RMDS associada à presença contingente do princípio da causa de pedir aberta e da indeterminação relativa do texto constitucional. A segunda parte é normativa e analisa criticamente os problemas resultantes da adoção da RMDS. Partindo-se do tradicional debate sobre a legitimidade do controle de constitucionalidade, porém não se alinhando a um modelo normativo em particular, o trabalho põe em xeque a proximidade do processo decisório do STF com a ideia de “resposta certa”, aborda a dificuldade de se formar jurisprudência capaz de uniformizar o tratamento de casos a respeito de um assunto e questiona a desconsideração da presunção de constitucionalidade nos casos difíceis do direito em que se verifiquem desacordos morais razoáveis. Por fim, a confiabilidade de intuições morais invocadas pelos ministros no processo decisório do STF é questionada a partir das ciências cognitivas e da psicologia moral. Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Controle de constitucionalidade; Processo decisório; Dispersão de fundamentos.   Abstract: The work analyzes, in two parts, a phenomenon known as argument scatter, a decision-making practice that sometimes characterizes judicial review in the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF. The first part is descriptive, and suggests that argument scatter occurs in the necessary presence of a simple majority decision-making rule (SMDMR, associated to the contingent presence of the open cause of action principle and of the relative indeterminacy of constitutional text. The second part is normative, and critically analyzes the problems that

  17. Resorting to the Federal Constitutional Court against the atomic energy act consequences of events in Japan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schneider, Horst

    2011-01-01

    When the CDU/CSU-FDP coalition, which had won the federal elections, prepared the amendment to the Atomic Energy Act as announced in the election campaign, i.e. extend the operating life of nuclear power plants in Germany, the political opposition considered resorting to the Federal Constitutional Court. Several legal opinions were commissioned by federal states and other opposition groups with the intention, above all, to obtain confirmation of the need for consent to any plant life extension. Private persons filed complaints for unconstitutionality against the amendment to the Atomic Energy Act. Several federal states followed suit by filing proceedings for judicial review of the constitutionality of the amendment because of the missing consent of the Federal Council, and more than 210 Members of Parliament of SPD and Alliance 90/the Greens filed for judicial review of constitutionality listing as violations of the Constitution the missing approval by the Federal Council, insufficient safety standards, and the reduction of safety requirements. The Federal Constitutional Court has not yet continued proceedings by requesting comments mainly from the federal government, the federal states, and the nuclear power plant operators. What consequences, if any, are drawn from the events in Japan after the earthquake and the tsunami of March 11, 2011 for the operation of German nuclear power plants and worldwide cannot yet be assessed. In Germany, the anti-nuclear debate was triggered immediately in the absence of any exact knowledge of technical safety events and causes at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. International reactions in politics or by competent authorities turned out to be less pointed than in Germany. (orig.)

  18. Formula over Function? From Algorithms to Values in Judicial Evaluation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesco Contini

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper discusses the forms and effects of the ‘invasion’ of the ‘temples of the law’ by new economic and managerial forms of performance evaluation. While traditional judicial evaluation focused on how to select and promote individual judges and on the legal quality of the single case, new quantitative methods and formulas are being introduced to assess efficiency, productivity and timeliness of judges and courts. Building on two case studies, from Spain and the Netherlands, the paper illustrates two contrasting approaches to judicial performance evaluation. On the one hand individual judges' productivity is evaluated through quantitative data and mathematical algorithms: in the extreme case considered here, judge's remuneration was adjusted accordingly. On the other hand quantitative and qualitative data, collected by a variety of methods and theoretical frameworks, are used as the basis of a multi-layered negotiation process designed to find a synthesis between competing economic, legal and social values aimed at improving overall organizational performance. Considering the flaws of unidimensional measurement and evaluation systems and considering the incommensurability of the results of the multiple evaluative frameworks (economic, legal, sociological required to overcome such flaws, the authors argue there is a need for political dialogue between relevant players in order to allocate the values appropriate to judicial evaluation. Este artículo analiza las formas y efectos de la “invasión” de los “templos de la ley” por nuevas formas económicas y de gestión como la evaluación del rendimiento. Mientras que la evaluación judicial tradicional se ha centrado en la forma de seleccionar y promocionar a jueces individuales, y en la calidad jurídica de un caso individual, hoy en día se están introduciendo nuevos métodos cuantitativos y fórmulas para determinar la eficiencia, productividad y oportunidad de jueces y

  19. The Limits of Judicial Persuasion and the Fragility of Judicial Legitimacy

    OpenAIRE

    Egan, Patrick J; Citrin, Jack

    2011-01-01

    Experimental research has yielded findings that are largely optimistic about the Court’s powers to move public attitudes. But left largely unexplored is whether the Court’s pronouncements simultaneously cause the Court to lose support among those who disagree with it. Here we explore these questions using a two-wave survey experiment with a nationally representative sample of Americans. We find that learning of the Court’s rulings moves opinion toward the Court in an unmistakable fashion in o...

  20. The new Wuergassen order

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1975-01-01

    In the contentious administrative matter concerning the contestation of several partial licenses for the Wuergassen nuclear power station, the Supreme Court of Administration for Nordrhein-Westfalen, has also dismissed the appeal of the plaintiff from the dismissal of the action delivered by the Minden administrative court. The order was passed on 20th February, 1975 - VII A 911/69 - and agrees with the dismissal by the Federal Administrative Court. The plaintiff was a private person. The defendants were the licensing authorities, the Minister for Economy, and the Minister fuer Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Verkehr of Nordrhein-Westfalen. Also summoned was the Preussische Elektrizitaets-AG, Hannover, to whom the contested licenses had been issued. The value in litigation was fixed at DM 10,000. One half of the extra-judicial costs of the summoned was declared repayable. Some of the grounds upon which the judgment was based are presented in detail. (orig./AK) [de

  1. 12 CFR 1780.57 - Stays pending judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Stays pending judicial review. 1780.57 Section... Posthearing Proceedings § 1780.57 Stays pending judicial review. The commencement of proceedings for judicial... Director pending a final decision on a petition for review of that order. ...

  2. Imaginaries of Judicial Practices in Cali, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lina Buchely

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available This article explores the emotions of users and functionaries involved in the justice system and the administration of justice in Cali, Colombia. The analysis presented argues that the state not only employs a bureaucratic rational language but also invokes emotions and feelings. In this sense, it is not only the central imaginaries of the state justice system and judicial processes but also the idea of justice itself that is marked by tediousness, delay and chaos, imaginaries of the system that were identified by the users and the officials involved in the administration of the system. There is no justice if it is not a process that is tedious, marked by ritual, mysticism, disorder and difficulties. These findings demonstrate that, against liberal discourses that emphasize the order, unity and rationality of public actions, that the power of the state actually operates through the disaggregated, the irrational and the emotional, a much wider and inexplicable framework.

  3. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTS. DELIMITATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liana Teodora PASCARIU

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Article examines whether all contracts of public persons are administrative contracts; in other words, if the administration may conclude contracts that, according to their legal nature, are not administrative. If we start from the definition of administrative contracts as it appears in Law no. 554/2004, these include contracts by public authorities which concern the enhancement of public property execution of works of public interest, public services, public procurement and other administrative contracts provided by special laws and subject to the jurisdiction of the administrative courts.

  4. Impact of Evidence Type and Judicial Warning on Juror Perceptions of Global and Specific Witness Evidence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wheatcroft, Jacqueline M; Keogan, Hannah

    2017-04-03

    The Court of Appeal in England and Wales held (R. v. Sardar, 2012) there had been no exceptional circumstances that justified a jury retiring with a transcript of the complainant's interview. This paper reports an investigation into the impact multiple evidence forms and use of a judicial warning has on juror evaluations of a witness. The warning focuses juror attention on placing disproportionate weight on the evidence as opposed to their general impression of it. Sixty jury-eligible participants were presented with witness evidence in transcript, video, or transcript plus video format. Half the participants in each condition received the warning. All mock jurors completed a questionnaire which assessed perceptions of witness and task. Outcomes showed that transcript plus video evidence, when accompanied by a warning, did impact on mock jurors' global assessments of the witness. The warning made the task less clear for jurors and, in the video condition, led to higher ratings of how satisfactory and reliable the witness was. Findings support the provision of a judicial warning to jurors and show some initial support for judiciary opposition to the provision of an additional transcript only when jurors are asked to make the more usual global witness assessments.

  5. Autorización judicial de entrada en el domicilio y potestades administrativas: extensión del ámbito protegido, cuestiones procedimentales y proporcionalidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Ruiz López

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available El ejercicio de las potestades administrativas suscita una consideración desde la perspectiva del derecho fundamental a la inviolabilidad del domicilio. ¿Pero todos los lugares a los que puede acceder la Administración en el ejercicio de sus potestades constituyen domicilio, en el sentido constitucional del término? ¿Puede afirmarse que la autorización judicial es preceptiva en todos los supuestos específicos de ejercicio de potestades administrativas? En el presente trabajo se analiza la jurisprudencia constitucional y contencioso-administrativa recaída en torno al concepto de domicilio constitucional, con especial atención a su aplicación en el ámbito de las potestades administrativas. Asimismo se examinan las reglas y principios esenciales aplicables al procedimiento judicial cuando es precisa la autorización de entrada administrativa, con alusión a la competencia para otorgarla, al trámite de audiencia y al contenido mismo de la resolución judicial. The exercise of administrative powers can be analyzed from the perspective of the fundamental right to the inviolability of the home. Every place where administrative entry is possible, could be considered home in the constitutional sense of the term? Is always required authorization in any case of administrative powers exercise? This paper examines the Spanish constitutional and administrative case law around the concept of constitutional home; particularly from administrative powers point of view. It also focuses on the rules and principles applicable to judicial proceedings when entry authorization is needed, with reference to the power to grant it, the hearing process and the content of the judgment.

  6. Selected Regional Judicial Officer Cases, 2005 - Present

    Data.gov (United States)

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — This dataset contains selected cases involving EPA's Regional Judicial Officers (RJOs) from 2005 to present. EPA's Regional Judicial Officers (RJOs) perform...

  7. 28 CFR 522.11 - Civil contempt commitments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Civil contempt commitments. 522.11..., CLASSIFICATION, AND TRANSFER ADMISSION TO INSTITUTION Civil Contempt of Court Commitments § 522.11 Civil contempt commitments. Inmates can come into Bureau custody for civil contempt commitments in two ways: (a) The U.S...

  8. 27 CFR 555.79 - Appeal on petition to the Director.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... for review on appeal with the Director within 15 days of the service of an administrative law judge's..., FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE EXPLOSIVES COMMERCE IN EXPLOSIVES License and Permit... filing an appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for judicial review. An appeal may be taken by the...

  9. Is judicial integrity a norm?
    An inquiry into the concept of judicial integrity in England and the Netherlands

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonathan Soeharno

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Much effort is being made to safeguard judicial integrity – but what is it? In this article, two discourses on judicial integrity will be outlined: one in which judicial integrity is said to be at stake and one in which the emphasis lies on safeguarding judicial integrity. These discourses are by no means homogeneous. Not only are there considerable differences between the English and the Dutch discourses, there are also differences within each discourse regarding the use and meaning of integrity. In order to gain a better understanding of the concept, normative theory is consulted. From a rule of law perspective, integrity as the proper professional character of an official appears to be a presupposed norm. From the perspective of democracy, integrity appears as the norm that correlates with public trust. Expounding on these norms – integrity as professional character and integrity as external accountability – enables a better understanding of the discourses on judicial integrity.

  10. SMEs: Trust and judicial system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilene Lorizio

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Italian SMEs share capabilities and routines that permit them to reach high level of competition. But in a global system that is affected by structural deficiencies and negative performance of judicial system, it is very hard to maintain high performances. In this work, starting from the resilience capacity of a group of SMEs of surviving to the crisis, we try to analyse the quality of the expectations of a sample of resilient firms. Our study leads to the hypothesis that the economic crisis is in line with a crisis of confidence in the judicial system. This is all the more serious when considering that this distrust is rooted in those firms located in Southern Italy, where the inefficiency of the judicial system is particularly pronounced.

  11. The Judicialization of (Separation of Powers Politics: Lessons from Chile La judicialización de la (separación de poderes política: Lecciones de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Druscilla L. Scribner

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Most analyses of the judicialization of politics focus on judicial policy-making and rights creation; however when judicialization of politics unfolds in a separation of powers political context courts are also involved in distributing power. The task of power delineation among branches of government is different from policy-making or rights adjudication. Judicializing political disputes about power gives courts the opportunity to alter the balance of institutional power, to create stronger executives (or legislatures and a stronger (or weaker role for themselves. To illustrate these points, this article examines how the Chilean Constitutional Tribunal (TC adjudicated a specific type of separation of powers conflict between the Legislature and the Executive from 1990-2005. The analysis of the TC doctrine overtime highlights how the TC has shifted the balance of power in the policy-making process and augmented its influence within the political system. La mayoría de los análisis de la judicialización de la política se centran en la creación judicial de políticas y derechos. Sin embargo, cuando la judicialización de la política se desarrolla en un contexto institucional de separación de poder, los tribunales también están involucrados en la distribución de poder. La tarea de delimitación de poder entre los poderes del Estado es diferente de la formulación de políticas o adjudicación de los derechos. Judicialización de las disputas políticas sobre el poder confiere a los tribunales la oportunidad de alterar el equilibrio de poder institucional, para crear ejecutivos (o legislaturas más fuertes y un papel para los tribunales altos más dinámico (o débil. Para ilustrar estos puntos, este artículo examina cómo el Tribunal Constitucional Chileno (TC adjudicó un tipo de conflicto específico entre los poderes legislativo y ejecutivo desde 1990 hasta 2005. Un análisis de la jurisprudencia “ley vs. reglamento” del Tribunal

  12. 40 CFR 173.9 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 173.9 Section 173.9 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS PROCEDURES GOVERNING... Judicial review. The State may appeal an order rescinding, in whole or in part, its primary enforcement...

  13. The United States' Rejection of the International Criminal Court: A Strategic Error

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Watson, Rickey

    2008-01-01

    .... The United States was a major part of these negotiations but did not accept the result. The Bush administration and Congress have pursued a markedly hostile attitude towards the International Criminal Court (ICC...

  14. German Federal Constitutional Court decision of May 22, 1990. On the right of the Federal Government to issue instructions in the field of commission administration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1991-01-01

    The Federal Constitutional Court discusses questions relating to the distribution of competence in the field of commission administration pursuant to Article 85 of the Basic Law ('Grundgesetz') in connection with a specific licensing procedure under atomic law (Kalkar). Under Art. 85 of the Basic Law executive competence is assigned irrevocably to the individual State, whereas substantive competence is always only assigned to the State insofar as it is not claimed by Federal Government. The decision further reviews questions of: Legal injury through federal instruction pursuant to Article 85 (3) of the Basic Law; a claimable right to the substantively lawful execution of the authority to instruct or even a right to sue for an injunction in the case of an infringement of the Constitution or of a basic right and associated boundary questions; the nedessity of clarity of instructions; and the obligation of Federal Government to act in a manner conducive to the promotion of the interests of the Federation as such. The Court also made it clear that the limits to the influence of the state on the rights of the individual derived from the principle of the Rule of Law do not apply to questions concerning competence in the Federation-State relationship. [Reference: Federal Constitutional Court 2 BvG 1/88, decision of May 22, 1990]. (RST) [de

  15. The Judicialization of Health in Brazil: Guiding Principles, Organization as the Law 8.080/90, Possibilities and Limites of Jurisdiction in Actions of Free Medicine Provision

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Christina Zenkner

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The theme of this paper deals with the increasing movement of judicialization of the right to health, characterized by the excess of judicial demands aiming at the obtaining of health treatments and medicines. A study was made on the right to health, its principles and health organization in Brazil in light of Law 8.080 / 90. It analyzed parameters for rationalization of the judicialization in the supply of medicines. He noted the need to adapt procedures and criteria, both administrative and judicial, to make public policies feasible in order to achieve satisfaction of the right to health.

  16. 37 CFR 204.9 - Judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 204.9 Section 204.9 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT OFFICE AND PROCEDURES PRIVACY ACT: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES § 204.9 Judicial review. Within two years of the...

  17. 75 FR 7562 - Certain Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bars From Turkey: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-02-22

    ... Reinforcing Bars From Turkey: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With Final Results of Administrative...: On January 19, 2010, the United States Court of International Trade (CIT) sustained the Department of... Corporation, Gerdau Ameristeel Corporation, and Commercial Metals Company v. United States and Icdas Celik...

  18. 12 CFR 509.41 - Stays pending judicial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Stays pending judicial review. 509.41 Section... pending judicial review. The commencement of proceedings for judicial review of a final decision and order... finds just, stay the effectiveness of all or any part of its order pending a final decision on a...

  19. Prospects of development of the court decrees enforcement system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kristina Sergeyevna Morkovskaya

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective the relevance of the topic the insufficient level of its scientific elaboration predetermined the research objectives which consist in the analysis of the institution of enforcement proceedings the identification of key challenges trends and ways to improve the current system of court decrees enforcement. Methods the methodological basis of the undertaken research is scientific method of cognition in conjunction with certain specific scientific methods the laws of formal logic historical method comparative legal method and systematic analysis of theoretical works studied in this work. Results the emerging trends in the enforcement proceedings reform in the country cannot be considered to be satisfactory in general although some initiatives seem quite appropriate in case of the proper performance. If you the situation cannot be rectified with the execution of judicial decrees basing on own experience only it is necessary to pay attention to foreign practices and to provide citizens with the right to an effective judicial protection. Of all approaches to reforming of the enforcement institution analyzed in the article the preferred for the Russian legal reality is modernization of the existing nonjudicial system of enforcement through civil procedural means. Scientific novelty at present neither the civil procedure nor the general theory of law has not developed a unified understanding of the civil procedural tools for improving the efficiency of enforcement proceedings. Practical value the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in research and teaching when viewing the issues of the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings. nbsp

  20. Legal Terms Used in Reception Order and their Relevance to Judicial Process.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Subramanian, Nakkeerar; Ramanathan, Rajkumar; Kumar, Venkatesh Madhan; Chellappan, Dhanabalan Kalingarayan Palayam; Ramasamy, Jeyaprakash

    2016-01-01

    Law governs the admission and management of involuntary admissions of mentally ill persons who are admitted under the provisions of the mental health act. The court directs the doctor to take charge of such persons. In the further dealings of such person the medical officer of the psychiatric facility comes across legal terms, which require understanding so that patients could be dealt with properly. Various terms such as accused, under police custody, judicial custody, remand prisoner, or under trial prisoner are used to denote their legal status. It is imperative for the medical officer to understand the nuances in the meanings of these terms. There are many times when the relevant section under which the admission is ordered is not found in the reception order. In these cases the terminology by which the patient is mentioned throws a light on the status of the patient. Towards this aim a study was carried out to assess the awareness and understanding of such terms by the faculty and post- graduates of a tertiary care hospital that deals with the admission and care of such patients. They were administered a questionnaire containing these terms and asked to provide the meaning of these terms. The results showed that nearly half the faculty and students were not having clarity in awareness or understanding of the terms. Hence these terms and their meanings were gleaned from various judgments. The proper meaning of these terms and their use in judicial process and their importance is discussed.