WorldWideScience

Sample records for ion-haye por energhy

  1. Síndrome de Hay-Wells: relato de caso Hay-Wells syndrome: a case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dário Júnior de Freitas Rosa

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de Hay-Wells é uma forma rara de displasia ectodérmica, descrita inicialmente em 1976 por Hay e Wells, de caráter autossômico dominante com expressão variável, composta por anomalias congênitas da pele, cabelos, dentes, unhas e glândulas sudoríparas. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente de 17 anos, filho de pais não consangüíneos, que apresentava anquiloblefaron filiforme adenatum, displasia ectodérmica e fenda palatina ao nascimento, sinais considerados cardinais pela maioria dos autores. Destacamos também a importância do acompanhamento multidiscliplinar dos pacientes.Hay-Wells syndrome is a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia initially described by Hay and Wells in 1976. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with varying forms of expression featuring congenital abnormalities of the skin, hair, teeth, nails and sweat glands. The present report describes the case of a 17-yearold white boy, the son of nonconsanguineous parents, who presented ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, ectodermal dysplasia and a cleft palate at birth, which are considered cardinal signs of this syndrome by most authors. We also highlight the importance of implementing multidisciplinary follow-up of these patients.

  2. ¿Por qué hay canciones que perduran?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josune Albisu Barandiaran

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar una canción, Txoria txori, para deducir cuales han sido las principales características que la han convertido en “Himno popular”, permitiéndola perdurar en el tiempo. Dentro de las principales características, dos han sido verdaderamente reseñables: por una parte, la plasticidad, y por otra, la sencillez y estructura clara de la canción.

  3. Allergies and Hay Fever

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... ENTCareers Marketplace Find an ENT Doctor Near You Allergies and Hay Fever Allergies and Hay Fever Patient ... life more enjoyable. Why does the body develop allergies? Allergy symptoms appear when the immune system reacts ...

  4. Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever) KidsHealth / For Parents / Seasonal Allergies (Hay ... español Alergia estacional (fiebre del heno) About Seasonal Allergies "Achoo!" It's your son's third sneezing fit of ...

  5. Effect of a commercial anion dietary supplement on acid-base balance, urine volume, and urinary ion excretion in male goats fed oat or grass hay diets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stratton-Phelps, Meri; House, John K

    2004-10-01

    To determine whether feeding a commercial anionic dietary supplement as a urinary acidifier to male goats may be useful for management of urolithiasis. 8 adult sexually intact male Toggenburg, Saanen, and Nubian goats. Goats were randomly assigned by age-, breed-, and weight-matched pairs to an oat or grass hay diet that was fed for 12 days. On days 13 to 14 (early sample collection time before supplementation), measurements were made of blood and urine sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, and sulfur concentrations; blood and urine pH; urine production; and water consumption. During the next 28 days, the anionic dietary supplement was added to the oat and grass hay diets to achieve a dietary cation-anion difference of 0 mEq/100g of dry matter. Blood and urine samples were analyzed during dietary supplementation on days 12 to 13 (middle sample collection time) and 27 to 28 (late sample collection time). Blood bicarbonate, pH, and urine pH of goats fed grass hay and goats fed oat hay were significantly decreased during the middle and late sample collection times, compared with the early sample collection time. Water consumption and urine production in all goats increased significantly during the late sample collection time, compared with the early sample collection time. The anionic dietary supplement used in our study increases urine volume, alters urine ion concentrations, and is an efficacious urinary acidifier in goats. Goats treated with prolonged anionic dietary supplementation should be monitored for secondary osteoporosis from chronic urinary calcium loss.

  6. Effect of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro ruminal fermentation of rations high in alfalfa hay or ryegrass hay

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jiang, Y H; Yang, H J; Lund, Peter

    2012-01-01

    A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at dose rates of 0, 320, 640, 960 ng/ml on ruminal fermentation of substrates high in alfalfa hay (HA, alfalfa hay: maize meal = 4:1) and ryegrass hay (HR, ryegrass hay: maize meal = 4:1). In vitro dry matter...

  7. Preliminary results of a novel hay-hole fall prevention initiative.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Batra, Erich K; Gross, Brian W; Jammula, Shreya; Bradburn, Eric H; Baier, Ronald D; Reihart, Michael J; Murphy, Dennis; Moyer, Kay; Hess, Joseph; Lackmann, Susan; Miller, Jo Ann; Rogers, Frederick B

    2018-02-01

    Hay-hole falls are a prevalent source of trauma among Anabaptists-particularly Anabaptist youth. We sought to decrease hay-hole falls in South Central Pennsylvania through the development and distribution of all-weather hay-hole covers to members of the at-risk Anabaptist community. Following the creation of a rural trauma prevention syndicate, hay-hole cover prototypes co-designed and endorsed by the Pennsylvania Amish Safety Committee were developed and distributed throughout South Central Pennsylvania. Preintervention and postintervention surveys were distributed to recipients to gain an understanding of the hay-hole fall problem in this population, to provide insight into the acceptance of the cover within the community, and to determine the efficacy of the cover in preventing falls. A total of 231 hay-hole covers were distributed throughout eight rural trauma-prone counties in Pennsylvania. According to preintervention survey data, 52% of cover recipients reported at least one hay-hole fall on their property, with 46% reporting multiple falls (median fall rate, 1.00 [1.00-2.00] hay-hole falls per respondent). The median self-reported distance from hay-hole to ground floor was 10.0 (8.00-12.0) feet, and the median number of hay-holes present on-property was 3.00 (2.00-4.00) per respondent. Postintervention survey data found 98% compliance with hay-hole cover installation and no subsequent reported hay-hole falls. With the support of the Pennsylvania Amish Safety Committee, we developed a well-received hay-hole cover which could effectively reduce fall trauma across other rural communities in the United States. Epidemiological study, Level III.

  8. Effects of haying on breeding birds in CRP grasslands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Igl, Lawrence D.; Johnson, Douglas H.

    2016-01-01

    The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program that is available to agricultural producers to help protect environmentally sensitive or highly erodible land. Management disturbances of CRP grasslands generally are not allowed unless authorized to provide relief to livestock producers during severe drought or a similar natural disaster (i.e., emergency haying and grazing) or to improve the quality and performance of the CRP cover (i.e., managed haying and grazing). Although CRP grasslands may not be hayed or grazed during the primary bird-nesting season, these disturbances may have short-term (1 yr after disturbance) and long-term (≥2 yr after disturbance) effects on grassland bird populations. We assessed the effects of haying on 20 grassland bird species in 483 CRP grasslands in 9 counties of 4 states in the northern Great Plains, USA between 1993 and 2008. We compared breeding bird densities (as determined by total-area counts) in idle and hayed fields to evaluate changes 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after haying. Haying of CRP grasslands had either positive or negative effects on grassland birds, depending on the species, the county, and the number of years after the initial disturbance. Some species (e.g., horned lark [Eremophila alpestris], bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus]) responded positively after haying, and others (e.g., song sparrow [Melospiza melodia]) responded negatively. The responses of some species changed direction as the fields recovered from haying. For example, densities for common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis), and clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) declined the first year after haying but increased in the subsequent 3 years. Ten species showed treatment × county interactions, indicating that the effects of haying varied geographically. This long-term evaluation on the effects of haying on breeding birds provides important information on the strength and direction of changes in

  9. Managing puncturevine in alfalfa hay and along field edges

    Science.gov (United States)

    Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) is a nuisance and difficult to control weed in alfalfa hay field edges and borders. Puncturevine contaminated hay can contain high levels of nitrates and burs can injure mouths of livestock, lowering the value and quality of the hay. Puncturevine is a summer annual...

  10. Intake and digestion of wethers fed with dwarf elephant grass hay with or without the inclusion of peanut hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schnaider, Maria Alice; Ribeiro-Filho, Henrique Mendonça Nunes; Vilmar Kozloski, Gilberto; Reiter, Tatiana; Dall Orsoletta, Aline Cristina; Dallabrida, Ademar Luiz

    2014-08-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) hay in diets based on dwarf elephant grass (DEG, Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Kurumi) hay of different regrowth ages on forage intake and digestibility in wether lambs. The experimental treatments consisted of DEG hay with an interval of regrowth of 30 or 45 days offered as the only feed or in mixture with peanut hay (300 g/kg of total dry matter (DM)), which were tested in eight Texel × Suffolk crossbred wethers in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Both organic matter (OM) and digestible OM intakes were higher (P < 0.05) in animals receiving the legume forage. Total apparent OM digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) at an increased grass regrowth age. Ruminal OM digestibility increased (P < 0.05) with legume inclusion and at a higher grass regrowth age. The nitrogen (N) intake was higher (P < 0.05) in legume treatments and lower (P < 0.05) as the grass regrowth age increased, but retention of N was not affected by treatments. Duodenal flow of both, non-ammonia N and microbial N, were not affected by legume inclusion and were lower (P < 0.05) as grass regrowth age increased. The efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (ERMPS) was negatively affected (P < 0.05) by legume inclusion and was lower (P < 0.05) as the grass regrowth age increased. Supplementation of dwarf elephant grass hay cut at the vegetative stage with peanut legume hay improves nutritional supply to wethers due to an increase in the forage intake.

  11. Genetic and environmental contributions to hay fever among young adult twins

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thomsen, Simon Francis; Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte; Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm

    2006-01-01

    environment, whereas the aetiology of 'sporadic' hay fever was mainly genetic. CONCLUSIONS: The susceptibility to develop hay fever is attributable to major genetic influences. However, effects of family environment and upbringing are also of importance in families where asthma is present. These results......BACKGROUND: The susceptibility to develop hay fever is putatively the result both of genetic and environmental causes. We estimated the significance and magnitude of genetic and environmental contributions to hay fever among young adult twins. METHODS: From the birth cohorts 1953-82 of The Danish...... effects accounted for 29% of the individual susceptibility to hay fever. The same genes contributed to the susceptibility to hay fever both in males and in females. In families with asthma, the susceptibility to develop hay fever was, in addition to genes, to a great extent ascribable to family...

  12. The HayWired Earthquake Scenario

    Science.gov (United States)

    Detweiler, Shane T.; Wein, Anne M.

    2017-04-24

    ForewordThe 1906 Great San Francisco earthquake (magnitude 7.8) and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 6.9) each motivated residents of the San Francisco Bay region to build countermeasures to earthquakes into the fabric of the region. Since Loma Prieta, bay-region communities, governments, and utilities have invested tens of billions of dollars in seismic upgrades and retrofits and replacements of older buildings and infrastructure. Innovation and state-of-the-art engineering, informed by science, including novel seismic-hazard assessments, have been applied to the challenge of increasing seismic resilience throughout the bay region. However, as long as people live and work in seismically vulnerable buildings or rely on seismically vulnerable transportation and utilities, more work remains to be done.With that in mind, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners developed the HayWired scenario as a tool to enable further actions that can change the outcome when the next major earthquake strikes. By illuminating the likely impacts to the present-day built environment, well-constructed scenarios can and have spurred officials and citizens to take steps that change the outcomes the scenario describes, whether used to guide more realistic response and recovery exercises or to launch mitigation measures that will reduce future risk.The HayWired scenario is the latest in a series of like-minded efforts to bring a special focus onto the impacts that could occur when the Hayward Fault again ruptures through the east side of the San Francisco Bay region as it last did in 1868. Cities in the east bay along the Richmond, Oakland, and Fremont corridor would be hit hardest by earthquake ground shaking, surface fault rupture, aftershocks, and fault afterslip, but the impacts would reach throughout the bay region and far beyond. The HayWired scenario name reflects our increased reliance on the Internet and telecommunications and also alludes to the

  13. San Sebastian, vista por Paret y Alcázar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Castilla Albisu

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Luis Paret y Alcázar pintó una serie de vistas panorámicas de puertos del litoral Cantábrico, por encargo del rey Carlos III. El objetivo de este trabajo es ahondar en la vida de este pintor para así comprender mejor su obra. A pesar de los estudios realizados por algunos historiadores quedan todavía incógnitas por descubrir relativas a la vida y al trabajo de este artista. Al acercarse a la figura de Paret y Alcázar hay que preguntarse por qué habiendo sido uno de los pintores más prometedores de su tiempo, su figura ha caído en un triste olvido.

  14. Digestibility by lambs offered alfalfa hay treated with a propionic acid hay preservative and baled at different concentrations of moisture

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eighteen crossbred wether lambs (76.1 ± 8.18 lb initial BW) were used for a 2 period digestion study to evaluate the effect of hay preservative concentration (0, 0.56, or 0.98% buffered propionic acid) and hay moisture concentration at baling (19.6, 23.8, or 27.4% moisture) on digestibility of alfal...

  15. Meningitis por Streptococcus suis

    OpenAIRE

    Geffner Sclarsky, D. E.; Moreno Muñoz, R.; Campillo Alpera, Mª.S.; Pardo Serrano, F.J.; Gómez Gómez, A.; Martínez-Lozano, Mª.D.

    2001-01-01

    La infección humana por Streptococcus suis (S. suis) es una zoonosis, con un riesgo ocupacional conocido y que suele presentarse como meningitis purulenta, que tiene baja mortalidad y frecuentes secuelas de hipoacusia y ataxia. Se han publicado menos de 150 casos humanos desde el informe original de hace 30 años. Hay una reconocida distribución geográfica viviendo la mayoría de los afectados en el norte de Europa y el sudeste Asiático. En España se han comunicado dos pacientes con enfermedad ...

  16. Round-bale feeder design affects hay waste and economics during horse feeding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martinson, K; Wilson, J; Cleary, K; Lazarus, W; Thomas, W; Hathaway, M

    2012-03-01

    Many horse owners find round bales convenient, less labor intensive, and more affordable than other hay types, but report an inability to control horse BW gain and excessive hay waste. The objectives were to compare hay waste, hay intake, and payback of 9 round-bale feeders and a no-feeder control when used during horse feeding. Nine round-bale feeders were tested: Cinch Net, Cone, Covered Cradle, Hayhut, Hay Sleigh, Ring, Tombstone, Tombstone Saver, and Waste Less. Each feeder design was placed on the ground in a dirt paddock. Five groups of 5 horses were fed in rotation for a 4-d period with each feeder. Every fourth day, groups were rotated among paddocks and a new round bale was placed in each feeder. In the 5 paddocks used, 5 feeders were installed for d 1 through 20, and the remaining 4 feeders and no-feeder control were installed for d 21 through 40. Groups of horses were sequentially assigned to feeders using two 5 × 5 Latin squares, the first for d 1 through 20, the second for d 21 through 40. Horse groups of similar age, BW, breed, and sex were formed from 25 Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred geldings and open mares (means: 11 yr; 541 kg of BW). Hay on the ground surrounding the feeder was collected daily, dried, and weighed. The total amount of hay removed around each feeder for a 4-d period was considered waste. Dry matter intake was estimated as the difference between hay disappearance and waste. Number of months for the reduction in waste to repay feeder cost (payback) were calculated using hay valued at $110/t, and improved feeder efficiency over the control. Feeder design did not affect hay intake (P > 0.05); all feeders resulted in an estimated hay intake of 2.0 to 2.4% BW; the no-feeder control resulted in a reduced intake of 1.3% BW (P = 0.001). Mean percentage of hay waste differed among feeders (P feeder control, 57%. Feeder design also affected payback (P feeder design affected hay waste and payback, but not estimated hay intake or BW change

  17. Substituição do feno de coastcross por casca de soja na alimentação de cabras em lactação Replacement of coastcross hay by soybean hulls in diets for lactating goats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Shinkai Gentil

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a resposta de cabras em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo casca de soja em substituição ao feno de coastcross. Trinta e seis cabras (38±5 dias em lactação; 2,1±0,4 kg/dia foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados e confinadas por oito semanas. As dietas foram compostas de 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado e com o mesmo teor de fibra em detergente neutro. A casca de soja substituiu o feno de coastcross em 0, 33, 67 ou 100% da matéria seca (MS. O consumo de matéria seca e a eficiência alimentar apresentaram resposta quadrática aos teores de casca de soja na dieta. A produção de leite e a variação do peso corporal não foram alteradas, porém a concentração de gordura e lactose do leite aumentou e os tempos gastos com ruminação e mastigação decresceram com a inclusão da casca de soja na dieta. A casca de soja pode substituir totalmente o feno de coastcross em dietas para cabras em lactação, pois essa substituição não prejudica a produção de leite e aumenta o teor de gordura e lactose do leite. Em comparação ao feno picado de coastcross, a casca de soja apresenta menor efetividade em estimular a ruminação e a mastigação.The objective of this experiment was to verify the response of lactating goats fed diets with different levels (content of soybean hulls replacing coastcross hay (Cynodon sp. on performance. Thirty-six lactating Saanen goats (38±5 days of lactation; 2.1±0.4 kg/day were assigned to a randomized complete blocks design and housed for 8 weeks. Goats were fed diets of 50% roughage and 50% concentrate, but with the same amount of neutral detergent fiber. Soybean hulls replaced hay by 0, 33, 67 or 100% of the dry matter (DM. Dry matter and NDF intake and feed efficiency showed a quadratic response to the levels of soybean hulls in the diet. Milk yield and body weight variations did not change; however, milk fat

  18. METODOLOGIA DE CARACTERIZACION CONCEPTUAL POR CONDICIONAMIENTOS SUCESIVOS. UNA APLICACION A SISTEMAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES.

    OpenAIRE

    PEREZ BONILLA, ALEJANDRA

    2009-01-01

    En clasificación automática se buscan perfiles subyacentes a la estructura de un dominio que ayude a comprenderlo y permita una mejor toma de decisiones. Por ello comprender el significado de las clases resulta fundamental. Por otro lado la validación de un cluster sigue siendo un problema abie~to por no haberse encontrado aún un criterio objetivo para determinar la calidad de un conjunto de clases en el contexto del clusteríng (Hand 1996), que se aplica en situaciones en las que no hay un bu...

  19. Substituting oat hay or maize silage for portion of alfalfa hay affects growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility of weaned calves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yang Zou

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Objective The impact of forage feeding strategy on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in post-weaning calves was investigated. Methods Forty-five female Holstein calves (body weight [BW] = 79.79±0.38 kg were enrolled in the 35-d study at one week after weaning and randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments. All diets were fed as total mixed ration containing 60% (dry matter [DM] basis of basal starter feed and 40% (DM basis of forage, but varied in composition of forage source including i alfalfa (40% DM, AH; ii alfalfa hay (26.7% DM+oat hay (13.3% DM; OH; iii alfalfa hay (26.7% DM+corn silage (13.3% DM; WS. Results Dry matter intake was not different among treatment groups (p>0.05. However, BW (p<0.05 and average daily gain (p<0.05 of calves fed AH and OH were greater than WS-fed calves, whereas heart girth was greater in OH-fed calves than those fed AH and WS (p<0.05. Ruminal fermentation parameters including proportion of butyric acid, acetated-to-propionate ratio, concentration of total volatile fatty acid, protozoal protein, bacterial protein, and microbial protein in rumen were the highest in OH (p<0.05 and the lowest in WS. Compared with the AH and WS, feeding oat hay to postweaning calves increased crude protein digestibility (p<0.05, and decreased duration of diarrhea (p<0.05 and fecal index (p<0.05. Conclusion Our results suggested that partially replacing alfalfa hay with oat hay improved ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and reduced incidence of diarrhea in post-weaning dairy calves.

  20. FastStats: Allergies/Hay Fever

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... this? Submit What's this? Submit Button NCHS Home Allergies and Hay Fever Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share ... 12 months: 7.5% Number with reported respiratory allergies in the past 12 months: 7.6 million ...

  1. Analysis of the potentiality haying of native forage species in semiarid region

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enoque de Sousa Leão

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential hay production from Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus, Hairy Woodrose (Merremia aegyptia, Malva (Sida galheirensis, Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens and Ervanço (Froelichia humboldtiana, native forage species of the semiarid region of Brazil by observing morphological components of the plant, such as the dehydration curve, crude protein loss (CPL curve, chemical composition of plant and hay and hay degradability in situ. There were differences (P < 0.05 among species on leaf, stem and inflorescence quantification with Ervanço, Hairy Woodrose, and Mucuna having a greater number of leaves. There was a linearly increasing response for the dehydration curve of the five forage plants species. Mucuna forage had the greatest hay point at 800 g kg-1 dried matter (DM after 11.8 hours and Woodrose had a lower dehydration efficiency, which required 25 hours of sun exposure. There was no difference in CPL. Mucuna had the lowest crude protein (CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF content, 8.4, 67.7 and 73.8 g kg DM-1 in hay in relation to the plant, respectively. Ervanço, Spiny Amaranth, Hairy Woodrose and Malva hay had more of soluble fraction “a” of DM of 31.0, 26.2, 22.1 and 9.7 g kg-1 DM than Mucuna, respectively. Spiny Amaranth and Malva hay had values of 335.4 and 193.2 g kg-1 DM of fraction “b” more than Ervanço hay, respectively. For fraction “a’’ of CP, Spiny Amaranth and Hairy Woodrose hay obtained 312.6 and 227.4 g kg-1 CP more than that observed for Malva, respectively. Mucuna had better hay potential among the forage studied in the semiarid region of Brazil.

  2. Substituting oat hay or maize silage for portion of alfalfa hay affects growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility of weaned calves

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zou, Yang; Zou, XinPing; Li, XiZhi; Guo, Gang; Ji, Peng; Wang, Yan; Li, ShengLi; Wang, YaJing; Cao, ZhiJun

    2018-01-01

    Objective The impact of forage feeding strategy on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in post-weaning calves was investigated. Methods Forty-five female Holstein calves (body weight [BW] = 79.79±0.38 kg) were enrolled in the 35-d study at one week after weaning and randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments. All diets were fed as total mixed ration containing 60% (dry matter [DM] basis) of basal starter feed and 40% (DM basis) of forage, but varied in composition of forage source including i) alfalfa (40% DM, AH); ii) alfalfa hay (26.7% DM)+oat hay (13.3% DM; OH); iii) alfalfa hay (26.7% DM)+corn silage (13.3% DM; WS). Results Dry matter intake was not different among treatment groups (p>0.05). However, BW (pcalves fed AH and OH were greater than WS-fed calves, whereas heart girth was greater in OH-fed calves than those fed AH and WS (pfeeding oat hay to postweaning calves increased crude protein digestibility (pcalves. PMID:28728373

  3. Reseña del libro: No hay dos iguales. Individualidad humana y naturaleza humana || Review of the book: No two alike. Human Nature and Human Individuality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia López-Larrosa

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Reseña de: Harris. J.R. (2015. No hay dos iguales. Individualidad humana y naturaleza humana. Madrid: Funambulista. 482 pp. ISBN: 978-84-943026-6-4. Depósito legal: M -36933-2041. [Original: No Two Alike. Human Nature and Human Individuality (2006.] El libro “No hay dos iguales” de Judith Rich Harris trata de responder a una pregunta difícil: por qué somos como somos, por qué incluso los hermanos, habiendo recibido una educación similar y compartiendo una dotación genética similar, son diferentes entre sí. Si alguien se había hecho antes esta pregunta, la autora, tras un recorrido casi detectivesco, le dará algunas respuestas basadas en nuestras dotaciones genéticas, en nuestras únicas interacciones con los demás y en la elaboración que como humanos hacemos de la información que nos proporcionan los que nos rodean.

  4. ¿HAY EFECTOS DE INTERACCIÓN REGIONAL EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO FINANCIERO DE LAS PYME?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luz Maté Sánchez Val

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se basa en la hipótesis de que la estructura de capital de las PyME está afectada por la ubicación territorial de las empresas. Este comportamiento podría estar motivado por las similitudes en las políticas financieras de las empresas ve-cinas, ya que comparten características financieras, jurídicas y de entorno econó-mico, y debido a los vínculos comerciales y financieros que existen entre ellas. Para contrastar esta idea, aplicamos una metodología econométrica espacial a una muestra de 23 279 empresas manufactureras españolas. Nuestros hallazgos confir-man que las proporciones de endeudamiento total no se distribuyen aleatoriamente en el territorio español, sino que hay regiones con un endeudamiento alto (bajo que tienden a estar rodeadas de zonas con una deuda alta (baja. Por otra parte, los determinantes tradicionales de la estructura de capital cambian un poco cuando se considera el efecto de interacción regional entre unidades productivas. Por tanto, resulta necesario considerar estos efectos en los modelos financieros de estructura de capital para evitar estimaciones erróneas.

  5. Influence of feeding hay on the alopecia of breeding guinea pigs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gerold, S; Huisinga, E; Iglauer, F; Kurzawa, A; Morankic, A; Reimers, S

    1997-08-01

    Animals with partial alopecia were seen frequently in a breeding colony of guinea pigs. No pathologic aetiology could be determined. An influence of nutrition on the density of the hair coat was considered. Breeding groups were fed one of the commercial guinea pig diets of differing composition, with or without the addition of hay. Observation occurred over a period of months and the quality of the hair coat was evaluated periodically using a semi-quantitative scoring system. More extensive and more frequent fur defects were found is guinea pigs receiving a breeding diet with a high content of crude protein (23%) and a low level of crude fibre (12%), offered hay only restrictively compared with animals receiving a diet with a lower content of crude protein (15.5%) and a higher level of crude fibre (19.5%), offered the same amount of hay. The amount of hay offered is of paramount importance. Animals fed only the diet with the higher level of crude fibre (19.5%), according to the manufacturer's instructions as a complete food, without the addition of hay, showed a less dense hair coat within 4 weeks. In our colony a group of five breeding animals and their young required 200 g of hay daily in order to improve their hair coat quality to normal. Conversely, animals receiving less hay had progressively deteriorating hair coat density. Not only the amount of hay offered, but also the accessibility for all animals plays a role in preventing alopecia in guinea pigs. In larger cages (twice the usual ground surface area) fur defects were seen when the same amount of hay (200 g) was offered in only one central area, rather than spread out evenly throughout the cage. Hair loss was observed to be the result of trichophagia between adult animals kept in the same cage. The need for crude fibre of breeding animals does not appear to be completely met by pellets rich in fibre segments.

  6. Sheep fed with banana leaf hay reduce ruminal protozoa population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Freitas, Cláudio Eduardo Silva; Duarte, Eduardo Robson; Alves, Dorismar David; Martinele, Isabel; D'Agosto, Marta; Cedrola, Franciane; de Moura Freitas, Angélica Alves; Dos Santos Soares, Franklin Delano; Beltran, Makenzi

    2017-04-01

    A ciliate protozoa suppression can reduce methane production increasing the energy efficiency utilization by ruminants. The physicochemical characteristics of rumen fluid and the profile of the rumen protozoa populations were evaluated for sheep fed banana leaf hay in replacement of the Cynodon dactylon cv. vaqueiro hay. A total of 30 male sheep were raised in intensive system during 15 days of adaptation and 63 days of experimental period. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design that included six replicates of five treatments with replacement levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of the grass vaquero for the banana leaf hay. Samples of fluid were collected directly from the rumen with sterile catheters. Color, odor, viscosity, and the methylene blue reduction potential (MBRP) were evaluated and pH estimated using a digital potentiometer. After decimal dilutions, counts of genus protozoa were performed in Sedgewick Rafter chambers. The averages of pH, MBRP, color, odor, and viscosity were not influenced by the inclusion of the banana leaf hay. However, the total number of protozoa and Entodinium spp. population significantly decreased at 75 and 100% inclusions of banana leaf hay as roughage.

  7. Residue studies of Methabenzthiazuron in Soil, Lentils and Hay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Maghrabi, K.I.

    2002-01-01

    Over two years, replicate plots of lentils (Lens culinaris L.) were treated before seeding with methabenzthiazuron at a rate of 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1. In each year representative soil, lentil and hay samples were randomly collected from plots of each treatment. Soil samples were tested for residues 24 hours after treatment and harvest. Lentil and hay samples were tested at harvest. A cleanup step was conducted after extraction. Gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen/phosphorus detector was used to detect methabenzthiazuron. Overall average of residue levels in soil decreased significantly from 1.16+-0.15 mg kg, 24 hours after treatment, 0.12 +-0.01 mg kg at harvest. No significant difference in the maximum average residue was found in lentil and hay samples collected from various plots and tested at harvest (0.10+-0.01 and 0.19 +-0.02 mg kg in lentils and hay, respectively). Recovery tests were conducted with each group of samples tested in order to determine the efficiency of analytical procedure. (author)

  8. The HayWired earthquake scenario—We can outsmart disaster

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Wein, Anne M.; Cox, Dale A.; Porter, Keith A.; Johnson, Laurie A.; Perry, Suzanne C.; Bruce, Jennifer L.; LaPointe, Drew

    2018-04-18

    The HayWired earthquake scenario, led by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), anticipates the impacts of a hypothetical magnitude-7.0 earthquake on the Hayward Fault. The fault is along the east side of California’s San Francisco Bay and is among the most active and dangerous in the United States, because it runs through a densely urbanized and interconnected region. One way to learn about a large earthquake without experiencing it is to conduct a scientifically realistic scenario. The USGS and its partners in the HayWired Coalition and the HayWired Campaign are working to energize residents and businesses to engage in ongoing and new efforts to prepare the region for such a future earthquake.

  9. INTAKE AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF Andropogon gayanus HAY AT THREE DIFFERENT AGES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Cayô Cavalcanti

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions, energy, and the nitrogen balance of Andropogon gayanus hay at three different stages (56, 84 and 112 days. The statistical design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates. Dry matter, fiber fractions, and energy apparent digestibility were higher (P<0.05 for hay harvested at 56 and 84 days. Crude protein intake and apparent digestibility of A. gayanus hay harvested at 56 days of growth were greater (P<0.05 than the hay harvested at 84 and 112 days. The A. gayanus hay showed the best voluntary intake and digestibility at 56 and 84 days of age. Keywords: forage; nutritive value; sheep.

  10. Alianza de marca. ¿Por qué, cómo y cuándo?

    OpenAIRE

    Longinos Marín; Alicia Rubio

    2010-01-01

    En los últimos años, las actividades de alianza de marca han tenido un creciente protagonismo en el lanzamiento de nuevos productos por parte de las empresas. No obstante, apenas hay trabajos que analicen de forma integral la justificación por parte de las empresas de esta estrategia. El presente trabajo analiza las teorías que justifican por qué y en qué escenarios deben utilizarse las alianzas de marca desde la perspectiva del comportamiento del consumidor. El artículo también profund...

  11. Effect of mid-summer haying on growth and reproduction in prairie forbs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Becky Begay; Helen M. Alexander; Erin Questad

    2011-01-01

    Mid-summer haying is a common management practice for prairies; plant species could differ in the effect of haying on subsequent growth and reproduction. We examined the effect of haying on prairie species by performing a clipping experiment. For each of seven species, sixteen plants were chosen and half were randomly assigned to a clipping treatment and half to a...

  12. A different voice: Mary Hays's the Memoirs of Emma Courtney.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, A

    2001-01-01

    Mary Hays wrote in the decade of the 1790s, a period of intense creative flowering in England. Writing in a period enshrined to the works of the canonical Wordsworth and Coleridge, Hays explored through her Jacobinical novel, The Memoirs of Emma Courtney, the contentious relationship between self and society. Like other Jacobin women writers - Elizabeth Inchbald, Charlotte Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft - Mary Hays too used her novel to explode the insidious connection between education and gender construction. Emma Courtney is a landmark novel that wrestles with the paradigm of decorum and propriety which disallows women from voicing their aspirations. In the process, Hays merges the plots of the domestic novel of courtship and love with the novel of ideas to create a searing portrait of women's intellectual confinement and psychic dissonance in a society that only projects them in terms of their gender construction. Memoirs of Emma Courtney is a remarkable novel in its depiction of the emotional imbalance created by thwarted desire: intellectual and sexual.

  13. Environmental impact assessment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay production.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bacenetti, Jacopo; Lovarelli, Daniela; Tedesco, Doriana; Pretolani, Roberto; Ferrante, Valentina

    2018-09-01

    On-farm production of hay and high-protein-content feed has several advantages such as diversification of on-farm cultivated crops, reduction of off-farm feed concentrates transported over long distances and a reduction in runoff during the winter season if grown crops are perennial. Among those crops cultivated for high-protein-content feed, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important in the Italian context. Nevertheless, up to now, only a few studies have assessed the environmental performance of alfalfa hay production. In this study, using the Life Cycle Assessment approach, the environmental impact of alfalfa hay production in Northern Italy was analyzed. More in detail, two production practices (without and with irrigation) were compared. The results show that alfalfa hay production in irrigated fields has a better environmental performance compared to non-irrigated production, mainly because of the yield increase achieved with irrigation. In particular, for the Climate Change impact category, the impact is equal to 84.54 and 80.21kgCO 2 /t of hay for the scenario without and with irrigation, respectively. However, for two impact categories (Ozone Depletion and Human Toxicity-No Cancer Effect), the impact of irrigation completely offsets the yield increase, and the cultivation practice without irrigation shows the best environmental performance. For both scenarios, the mechanization of harvest is the main environmental hotspot, mostly due to fuel consumption and related combustion emissions. Wide differences were highlighted by comparing the two scenarios with the Ecoinvent process of alfalfa hay production; these differences are mostly due to the cultivation practice and, in particular, to the more intensive fertilization in Swiss production. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Toxicosis in dairy cattle exposed to poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) in hay: isolation of Conium alkaloids in plants, hay, and urine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galey, F D; Holstege, D M; Fisher, E G

    1992-01-01

    Cattle in two herds developed signs of bloating, increased salivation and lacrimation, depression, respiratory distress, ataxia, and death after ingestion of hay that contained large amounts of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). Twenty of 30 Angus cows and calves were affected in the first herd (2 died). In the second herd, 5 of 30 Holstein heifers were affected (1 died). The Conium alkaloids, coniine and gamma-coniceine, were quantified in the hay, the plants from the responsible hayfield, and the urine of affected animals.

  15. Hay fever & homeopathy: a case series evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandey, Vinita

    2016-05-01

    Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is common and can considerably reduce the quality of life of sufferers. Despite the wide everyday application and promising results with homeopathy, scientific evidence of its effectiveness for most ailments is scarce. The assessment of the clinical effectiveness of homeopathic remedies in the alleviation of hay fever symptoms in a typical clinical setting. We performed a clinical observational study of eight patients in the treatment of hay fever symptoms over a two-year period (2012 and 2013) using Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) self-evaluation questionnaires at baseline and again after two weeks and four weeks of homeopathic treatment. The individualized prescription - either a single remedy or multiple remedies - was based on the totality of each patient's symptoms. The average MYMOP scores for the eyes, nose, activity and wellbeing had improved significantly after two and four weeks of homeopathic treatment. The overall average MYMOP profile score at baseline was 3.83 (standard deviation, SD, 0.78). After 14 and 28 days of treatment the average score had fallen to 1.14 (SD, 0.36; PHomeopathy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Infecciones por bacterias poco comunes y oncogénesis bacteriana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Horacio A. Lopardo

    Full Text Available La recuperación de algunos microorganismos de aislamiento esporádico en el laboratorio de microbiología clínica podría significar la existencia de algún defecto inmunitarioespecial en el paciente. Por ejemplo, se ha descrito una importante correlación entre Clostridium septicum y carcinoma de colon, y se han visto relacionadas con leucemias y linfomas a especies que aparecen casi siempre como contaminantes (Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp. y a otras raramente aisladas en otros contextos (Capnocytophaga spp.. Hay bacterias que se aíslan casi exclusivamente de pacientes con sida (Rhodococcus equi. Se ha observado una mayor frecuencia de infecciones por Campylobacter spp., Aeromonas spp. y estreptococos del grupo G y del grupo mitis en individuos con algún tipo de cáncer que en el resto de los pacientes. También hay bacterias que son marcadoras de algún cáncer no detectado o que afectan más a pacientes neutropénicos que a individuos normoinmunes. La alteración de la reacción inflamatoria, la linfoproliferación mediada por antígenos bacterianos y la inducción de hormonas que aumentan la proliferación de las células epiteliales podrían ser causas de la oncogénesis bacteriana. Los ejemplos clásicos son el adenocarcinoma gástrico inducido por Helicobacter pylori, la asociación de la bacteriemia por estreptococos del grupo bovis y el cáncer de colon y los linfomas de tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas (MALT en vinculación con especies de Helicobacter (MALT gástricos y con Chlamydophila spp. (MALT oculares. El aislamiento de alguno de estos patógenos debería ser un llamado de atención para inducir al estudio de alguna enfermedad maligna.

  17. Bitumen on Water: Charred Hay as a PFD (Petroleum Flotation Device

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nusrat Jahan

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Global demand for petroleum keeps increasing while traditional supplies decline. One alternative to the use of conventional crude oils is the utilization of Canadian bitumen. Raw bitumen is a dense, viscous, semi-liquid that is diluted with lighter crude oil to permit its transport through pipelines to terminals where it can then be shipped to global markets. When spilled, it naturally weathers to its original form and becomes dense enough to sink in aquatic systems. This severely limits oil spill recovery and remediation options. Here we report on the application of charred hay as a method for modifying the surface behavior of bitumen in aquatic environments. Waste or surplus hay is abundant in North America. Its surface can easily be modified through charring and/or chemical treatment. We have characterized the modified and charred hay using solid-state NMR, contact angle measurements and infrared spectroscopy. Tests of these materials to treat spilled bitumen in model aquatic systems have been undertaken. Our results indicate that bitumen spills on water will retain their buoyancy for longer periods after treatment with charred hay, or charred hay coated with calcium oxide, improving recovery options.

  18. The effect of lucerne ( Medicago sativa ) hay quality on milk ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The influence of lucerne hay quality on the milk production potential and milk composition of Jersey cows was investigated. Three different grades of lucerne hay (Prime, Grade 1, Grade 2; selected according to the New Lucerne Quality Index) were included in a total mixed ration (TMR) and fed to lactating cows. The three ...

  19. Laboratory Exercise to Evaluate Hay Preservatives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McGraw, R. L.; And Others

    1990-01-01

    Presented is a laboratory exercise designed to demonstrate the effects of moisture on hay preservation products in a manner that does not require large amounts of equipment or instructor time. Materials, procedures, and probable results are discussed. (CW)

  20. Steam explosion pretreatment for enhancing biogas production of late harvested hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bauer, Alexander; Lizasoain, Javier; Theuretzbacher, Franz; Agger, Jane W; Rincón, María; Menardo, Simona; Saylor, Molly K; Enguídanos, Ramón; Nielsen, Paal J; Potthast, Antje; Zweckmair, Thomas; Gronauer, Andreas; Horn, Svein J

    2014-08-01

    Grasslands are often abandoned due to lack of profitability. Extensively cultivating grassland for utilization in a biogas-based biorefinery concept could mend this problem. Efficient bioconversion of this lignocellulosic biomass requires a pretreatment step. In this study the effect of different steam explosion conditions on hay digestibility have been investigated. Increasing severity in the pretreatment induced degradation of the hemicellulose, which at the same time led to the production of inhibitors and formation of pseudo-lignin. Enzymatic hydrolysis showed that the maximum glucose yields were obtained under pretreatment at 220 °C for 15 min, while higher xylose yields were obtained at 175 °C for 10 min. Pretreatment of hay by steam explosion enhanced 15.9% the methane yield in comparison to the untreated hay. Results indicate that hay can be effectively converted to methane after steam explosion pretreatment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Substituição do feno de "Coastcross" (Cynodon sp. por casca de soja na alimentação de borregas confinadas Replacement of coastcross hay by soybean hulls in ewe lambs diets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janice Barreto de Morais

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Quarenta e oito borregas da raça Santa Inês (23,1kg de peso vivo e 124 dias de idade foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos da substituição do feno de "Coastcross" por casca de soja (CS no desempenho em confinamento. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. As dietas experimentais foram isonitrogenadas e continham a mesma quantidade de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN. A casca de soja foi incluída nas proporções de 0; 12,5; 25 e 37,5% da matéria seca das dietas correspondendo aos tratamentos experimentais 0CS, 12,5CS, 25CS e 37,5CS, respectivamente. A FDN da CS substituiu 0; 25; 50 e 75% da FDN do feno. Houve efeito linear crescente (PForty-eight Santa Ines ewe lambs (23.1kg BW and 124 days old were used to evaluate the replacement of coastcross hay by soybean hulls on feedlot performance. Animals were assigned to a complete randomized block design with four diets and six replicates. All diets were isonitrogenous and contained the same amount of NDF. Soybean hulls replaced hay at 0%, 12.5%, 25% or 37.5% on DM basis, corresponding to the experimental treatments OCS, 12.5CS, 25CS and 37.5CS, respectively. Soybean hulls NDF replaced hay NDF at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. There was a linear increased response (P<0.01 on dry matter intake (0.95, 1.02, 1.08 and 1.20kg day-1 and average daily gain (113, 137, 150 and 187g day-1 and a linear improvement (P<0.01 on feed conversion (8.55, 7.20, 7.11 and 6.25kg of DM kg of gain-1 when soybean hulls were added to the diet. When soybean hulls are added to the diet (up to 37.5%, DM basis there is an improvement on animal performance and the ewe lambs attain breeding weight faster.

  2. Cartagena de indias en la historia de la lucha por la justicia en el siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José María Arévalo

    1963-04-01

    Full Text Available A juzgar por los libros y opúsculos que en Colombia se publican creemos que es bastante lo que hay que hacer para llevar a nuestros historiadores al convencimiento de que mucho antes de 1810 ya habían sonado voces de libertad en nuestra patria; que la dignidad humana y los derechos de los naturales ya habían sido públicamente defendidos y no por abogados cualesquiera sino por los más calificados teólogos que tuvo la Iglesia en el siglo XVI.

  3. Distribution and dynamics of the invasive native hay-scented fern

    Science.gov (United States)

    Songlin Fei; Peter Gould; Melanie Kaeser; Kim. Steiner

    2010-01-01

    The spread and dominance of the invasive native hay-scented fern in the understory is one of the most significant changes to affect the forest ecosystems in the northeastern United States in the last century. We studied changes in the distribution and dynamics of hay-scented fern at a large scale over a 10-yr period in Pennsylvania. The study included 56 stands...

  4. ¿Como se hace publicidad por internet?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franz Del Pozo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Internet es el medio de comunicación y venta con el mayor potencial de crecimiento y efectividad al más bajo precio. Para vender se usan tarjetas de crédito, depósitos bancarios, franqueo, comercio electrónico. Explica qué y cómo se hace publicidad por Internet. La Red se usa para difundir y para vender y hay la posibilidad de hacer algo diferente a más de llegar directamente al público objetivo se interactúa con él.

  5. Motivation for hay: effects of a pelleted diet on behavior and physiology of horses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elia, Jamie B; Erb, Hollis N; Houpt, Katherine Albro

    2010-12-02

    The natural diet of free-ranging horses is grass, which is typically high in fiber and calorically dilute, however diets for high performance domestic horses are often low in fiber and calorically dense. The aim of the study was to determine the motivation of horses for hay when fed a low roughage diet. Their motivation could be used to determine if low roughage diets compromise the welfare of horses. Eight mares were fed two different diets in counterbalanced order: ad libitum orchard grass hay; a complete pelleted feed (pellets). Each trial lasted three weeks, with a one-week transition period between diets. To determine the motivation of horses for fiber they were taught to press a panel to obtain a food reward. The fixed ratio (FR) was increased using a progressive ratio ((1,2,4,7,11…) technique. When fed pellets, the horses worked for a median FR of 1 (Range=1-497) to attain pellets, and when fed hay, they worked for a median FR of 25.5 (4-497) to attain pellets. When fed hay, the horses worked for a median FR of 0 (0-0) to attain hay, and when fed pellets, they worked for a FR of 13 (2-79) to attain hay. These results indicate a greater motivation for hay, a high fiber diet, when fed a low fiber diet. The horses spent 10 (5-19.4)% of their time during a 24-hour period eating pellets compared to 61.5 (29-76) % of their time eating hay. Horses spent 58% of their time standing when fed the pellets and only 37% of their time standing when fed hay. Searching behavior (i.e. sifting through wood shaving bedding for food particles) took up 11.5 (1.4-32) % of the horse's day when fed pellets, but only 1.2 (0-3.5) % of the daily time budget when fed hay. Horses chew more times when eating a hay diet (43,476chews/day) than when eating a pellet diet (10,036chews/day). Fecal pH was lower in horses fed the pelleted diet. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Pruebas diagnósticas en la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico

    OpenAIRE

    Remes-Troche, José María

    2013-01-01

    En la actualidad la enfermedad por reflujo gastro esofágico (ERGE) no es una enfermedad simple y se tiene que considerar como una enfermedad heterogénea y multi-sintomática por lo que no hay una prueba estándar de oro. La decisión de que prueba utilizar, cuando utilizarla y cuál será su ganancia en el diagnóstico depende de varios factores. Para la evaluación estructural, la videoendoscopia se considera la prueba ideal ya que permite establecer la ausencia o presencia de erosiones y de compli...

  7. Effects of hay management and native species sowing on grassland community structure, biomass, and restoration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foster, Bryan L; Kindscher, Kelly; Houseman, Greg R; Murphy, Cheryl A

    2009-10-01

    Prairie hay meadows are important reservoirs of grassland biodiversity in the tallgrass prairie regions of the central United States and are the object of increasing attention for conservation and restoration. In addition, there is growing interest in the potential use of such low-input, high-diversity (LIHD) native grasslands for biofuel production. The uplands of eastern Kansas, USA, which prior to European settlement were dominated by tallgrass prairie, are currently utilized for intensive agriculture or exist in a state of abandonment from agriculture. The dominant grasslands in the region are currently high-input, low-diversity (HILD) hay fields seeded to introduced C3 hay grasses. We present results from a long-term experiment conducted in a recently abandoned HILD hay field in eastern Kansas to evaluate effects of fertilization, haying, and native species sowing on community dynamics, biomass, and potential for restoration to native LIHD hay meadow. Fertilized plots maintained dominance by introduced grasses, maintained low diversity, and were largely resistant to colonization throughout the study. Non-fertilized plots exhibited rapid successional turnover, increased diversity, and increased abundance of C4 grasses over time. Haying led to modest changes in species composition and lessened the negative impact of fertilization on diversity. In non-fertilized plots, sowing increased representation by native species and increased diversity, successional turnover, and biomass production. Our results support the shifting limitations hypothesis of community organization and highlight the importance of species pools and seed limitations in constraining successional turnover, community structure, and ecosystem productivity under conditions of low fertility. Our findings also indicate that several biological and functional aspects of LIHD hay meadows can be restored from abandoned HILD hay fields by ceasing fertilization and reintroducing native species through

  8. Hay que preparar a Colombia para el turismo de naturaleza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa Becerra

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available El turismo que se basa en su entorno natural es responsable por aproximadamente el 40% de los ingresos de turismo y es un mercado en crecimiento. Sin embargo, el turismo ha sido una actividad que ha generado graves impactos ambientales y sociales a nivel mundial. En el contexto ambiental ha transformado áreas de alto valor de conservación en ciudades de cemento y ladrillo, ha contaminado los recursos hídricos, ha erosionado terrenos, ha disminuido los hábitats de muchos animales ante la presencia no planificada de las actividades humanas y ha interrumpido el flujo de especies y de información genética ante la construcción de carreteras, complejos turísticos y otras edificaciones, entre otros impactos. En el contexto social, ha transformado culturalmente a muchas poblaciones locales, sin que hayan tenido la posibilidad y la capacidad de decidir sobre sus mejores opciones económicas y sociales. En muchos casos las poblaciones locales no han tenido la oportunidad, por fallas institucionales y de mercado, de participar activamente en la captura de beneficios de la actividad turística. Estos son ejemplos de los impactos negativos de la globalización cuando no hay la información, la capacidad y la participación ciudadana para la toma de decisión acertadas. Este artículo demuestra, mediante el uso de casos prácticos, cómo un turismo de naturaleza bien manejado, que permita la toma de buenas decisiones por parte de las personas relacionadas directa e indirectamente de sus actividades y que disminuya al máximo sus impactos negativos sociales y ambientales, es una actividad deseable para el desarrollo sostenible de una región y un país como Colombia.

  9. PERFIL DOS ATENDIMENTOS POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS EM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlos Victor Fonsêca de Lima

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue identificar el perfil de los atendimientos por causas externas en la urgencia de un hospital público de referencia del Estado. Investigación descriptiva documental, con enfoque cuantitativo. En el análisis de datos, el período de enero a diciembre de 2009 se realizó 4.464 atendimientos por causas externas. La mayor frecuencia de las lesiones ocurrió en personas entre 21 y 40 años (37,70% y hombres (68,6%. Cuanto a las causas, las caídas (29% fue la mayor variable, seguido por accidente de motocicleta (17,98%, accidentes domiciliario (16,53%, agresión física (10,43% y accidente de motocicleta (8,84%. Se observó que 23,3% de los atendimientos realizados en la urgencia fueron de la población procedente de municipios aledaños. Hay, por lo tanto, la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de las informaciones acerca de las quejas motivadas por causas externas, principales causas de hospitalización y gastos en salud.

  10. Representación de raza, clase y moral en la televisión del Perú. Un análisis social de “Magaly TeVe” y “Al fondo hay sitio”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario E. Sánchez Dávila

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone analizar la representación de raza, clase y moral en los programas televisivos “Magaly TeVe” y “Al fondo hay sitio” desde una mirada antro-pológica de la televisión, comprendiendo sus dimensiones comunicativas, discursivas y sociales. Por un lado, al analizar el discurso de “Magaly TeVe” fue fácil constatar que el porqué y el cómo del éxito de la estrategia comunicativa de este fenómeno televisivo alu-dían estrechamente a códigos morales socialmente compartidos y a un modo configurado de organización, relación e interacción ya validados en nuestro tejido social. Por otro lado, al examinar el discurso de “Al fondo hay sitio” fue sencillo comprobar que hemos confundido, ingenuamente, inclusión con eventuales redenciones dentro de un marco de convergencia espacio-temporal de dos códigos culturales contradictorios y que perma-nentemente se relacionan e interactúan desde directrices de raza y clase que funcionan como núcleos semánticos que configuran, por un lado, la construcción narrativa y, por el otro, una determinada relación e interacción social de poder y violencia simbólica entre sus personajes.

  11. Genome-wide association analysis identifies 11 risk variants associated with the asthma with hay fever phenotype.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferreira, Manuel A R; Matheson, Melanie C; Tang, Clara S; Granell, Raquel; Ang, Wei; Hui, Jennie; Kiefer, Amy K; Duffy, David L; Baltic, Svetlana; Danoy, Patrick; Bui, Minh; Price, Loren; Sly, Peter D; Eriksson, Nicholas; Madden, Pamela A; Abramson, Michael J; Holt, Patrick G; Heath, Andrew C; Hunter, Michael; Musk, Bill; Robertson, Colin F; Le Souëf, Peter; Montgomery, Grant W; Henderson, A John; Tung, Joyce Y; Dharmage, Shyamali C; Brown, Matthew A; James, Alan; Thompson, Philip J; Pennell, Craig; Martin, Nicholas G; Evans, David M; Hinds, David A; Hopper, John L

    2014-06-01

    To date, no genome-wide association study (GWAS) has considered the combined phenotype of asthma with hay fever. Previous analyses of family data from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study provide evidence that this phenotype has a stronger genetic cause than asthma without hay fever. We sought to perform a GWAS of asthma with hay fever to identify variants associated with having both diseases. We performed a meta-analysis of GWASs comparing persons with both physician-diagnosed asthma and hay fever (n = 6,685) with persons with neither disease (n = 14,091). At genome-wide significance, we identified 11 independent variants associated with the risk of having asthma with hay fever, including 2 associations reaching this level of significance with allergic disease for the first time: ZBTB10 (rs7009110; odds ratio [OR], 1.14; P = 4 × 10(-9)) and CLEC16A (rs62026376; OR, 1.17; P = 1 × 10(-8)). The rs62026376:C allele associated with increased asthma with hay fever risk has been found to be associated also with decreased expression of the nearby DEXI gene in monocytes. The 11 variants were associated with the risk of asthma and hay fever separately, but the estimated associations with the individual phenotypes were weaker than with the combined asthma with hay fever phenotype. A variant near LRRC32 was a stronger risk factor for hay fever than for asthma, whereas the reverse was observed for variants in/near GSDMA and TSLP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms with suggestive evidence for association with asthma with hay fever risk included rs41295115 near IL2RA (OR, 1.28; P = 5 × 10(-7)) and rs76043829 in TNS1 (OR, 1.23; P = 2 × 10(-6)). By focusing on the combined phenotype of asthma with hay fever, variants associated with the risk of allergic disease can be identified with greater efficiency. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Efecto "in vitro" de los corticoides sobre la replicación del virus C. Efecto "in vivo" de los corticoides a dosis bajas y prolongadas sobre la hepatopatía crónica por virus C

    OpenAIRE

    Romero Gutiérrez, Marta

    2012-01-01

    En la práctica clínica hay numerosas patologías que precisan tratamiento con dosis bajas y prolongadas de corticoides con o sin azatioprina. La elevada prevalencia de la hepatopatía crónica por virus C hace que no sea infrecuente que pacientes con esta enfermedad requieran este tratamiento por otra patología concomitante. Sin embargo, no hay suficiente información para determinar si los corticoides influyen en la historia natural de la hepatitis crónica C. Objetivos: 1) Estudiar in vitro, en ...

  13. Mental health associations with eczema, asthma and hay fever in children

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hammer-Helmich, Lene; Linneberg, Allan; Obel, Carsten

    2016-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association of eczema, asthma and hay fever with mental health in a general child population and to assess the influence of parental socioeconomic position on these associations. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional health survey of children aged 3, 6......, 11 and 15 years in the City of Copenhagen, Denmark. Individual questionnaire data on eczema, asthma, and hay fever and mental health problems assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was linked to register data on demographics and parental socioeconomic position. 9215 (47...... with eczema, asthma or hay fever had more emotional, conduct and hyperactivity problems, but not peer problems, compared with children without these diseases. Atopic diseases added equally to the burden of mental health problems independent of socioeconomic position....

  14. Long-term agricultural management maximizing hay production can significantly reduce belowground C storage

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sochorová, L.; Jansa, J.; Verbruggen, E.; Hejcman, M.; Schellberg, J.; Kiers, E.T.

    2016-01-01

    Liming and fertilization of grasslands have been used for centuries to sustain hay production. Besides improving hay yields, these practices induce compositional shifts in plant and soil microbial communities, including symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, in spite of increasing

  15. El diagnóstico por la imagen de las enfermedades de las glándulas salivales

    OpenAIRE

    Paz Expósito, Francisco

    2002-01-01

    Las lesiones de las glándulas salivales son relativamente frecuentes, presentando una patología tan diversa como la de cualquier otro sistema orgánico. La mayoría de las lesiones son inflamatorias, otras son de origen litiásico, algunas tienen una patogenia incierta que pueden confundirse con neoplasias malignas y, por último, hay un amplio espectro de neoplasias tanto benignas como malignas. La mayoría de los agrandamientos de las glándulas salivales están causados por procesos inflamator...

  16. Effect of hay on performance of Holstein calves at suckling and post-weaning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robson Kyoshi Ueno

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Holstein calves in suckling and post-weaning phases, intensively managed during suckling in the absence or presence of hay. Twenty-four male Holstein calves, at an average age of 15 days and initial weight of 43 kg were used in the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments and six replications. The treatments were as follows: 1 suckling with milk substitute + initial concentrate for calves, ad libitum + temperate grass hay (oat/ryegrass, ad libitum; 2 suckling with milk substitute + initial concentrate for calves, ad libitum. No significant difference was found between treatments for weight gain and feed conversion. However, the supply of hay caused an increase in daily dry matter intake (2.127 vs 1.894 kg. The intake of hay promoted greater stimulus to consumption of concentrate and greater weight at weaning.

  17. Effect of dietary restriction and hay inclusion in the diet of slow-growing broilers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla P. Picoli

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary restriction and inclusion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cv Coastal hays in the diets of ISA Label JA57 slow-growing male broilers on performance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics, and economic viability. A total of 272 broilers at 21 days old were distributed in a randomized experimental design with four treatments, four replicates, and 17 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of ad libitum concentrated feed (control intake, feed restriction (80% of the control intake, and feed restrictions with supplementation of alfalfa hay (80% of the control intake+20% alfalfa or Bermudagrass hay (80% control intake+20% Bermuda. Dietary restriction, with and without hay inclusion, negatively affected (P<0.05 the weight gain of the birds; however, feed conversion was improved (P<0.05 for animals that underwent only restricted feeding, which also had the best economic indices. Birds subjected to dietary restriction and inclusion of hays showed changes (P<0.05 in the gastrointestinal organs and intestinal morphology.

  18. Biorremediación de arsénico mediada por microorganismos genéticamente modificados

    OpenAIRE

    Her Lizeth Rodríguez Martínez; Maribel Peña Manjarrez; Ana Victoria Gutiérrez Reyes; Cynthia Lizeth González Trevizo; Silvia Lorena Montes Fonseca; Gladys Guadalupe López Avalos

    2017-01-01

    Las actividades antropogénicas aumentan la movilización y distribución de los metales pesados, si se rebasan los estándares permitidos por la normativa internacional resultan un serio problema para la salud de los seres vivos y el medio ambiente. Uno de los casos más alarmantes es el del arsénico; su presencia en agua potable y suelos (y por ende en alimentos) es tal que hay reportados cientos de casos de intoxicación severa en países como China y Bangladesh. Debido a las actividades mineras,...

  19. No hay mal que por bien no venga: el optimismo según Rousseau

    OpenAIRE

    Baranzelli, Dante A.

    2004-01-01

    El deísmo rousseauniano desestima la existencia del caos o del Mal general. Por el contrario, ve en el sistema del mundo un orden perfecto que obedece a la divina Providencia, identificada con la legalidad universal de la naturaleza. Mas con ello su intención no es despreciar el sufrimiento de los individuos. De hecho Rousseau reconoce y admite la presencia, e incluso la abundancia, de diversos males que afectan al hombre. ¿Acaso él mismo no es un claro ejemplo de ello?

  20. Dung matters : An experimental study into the effectiveness of using dung from hay-fed livestock to reconstruct local vegetation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schepers, Mans; Van Haaster, Henk

    2015-01-01

    This paper explores the relationship between standing vegetation and dung from hay-fed cattle and sheep. In an experimental study, hay is retrieved from a known hay field, surrounded by a semi-open landscape of hedgerows, forests and heather fields. The hay is fed to cattle and sheep, after which

  1. Fermentation characteristics in hay from Cynodon and crop stubble treated with exogenous enzymes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yânez André Gomes Santana

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT The effect of treatment with xylanase and β-glucanase was evaluated for gas production and the ruminal degradation of nutrients from the hay of Tifton 85 grass and the stubble of maize, sorghum, peanut, sunflower and sesame crops. Two commercial fibrolytic enzymes were used (Dyadic xylanase PLUS - Xylanase; BrewZyme LP-β-glucanase, added to the hay at doses of 7.5 units of endoglucanase and 0.46 units of xylanase per 500 mg/gDM, for the cellulase and xylanase products respectively. The chemical composition of the hay was determined for no enzyme application and 24 hours after enzyme treatment, and the in vitro gas production and in situ microbial degradation was estimated for dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and truly-degradable organic matter after 24 hours of incubation in the rumen. Enzyme treatment of the hay from Tifton 85 grass and the stubble of maize, sorghum, sunflower, peanut and sesame crops with the exogenous fibrolytic enzymes β-glucanase and xylanase influences in vitro gas production, and the in situ degradation of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and truly-degradable organic matter in the rumen. This variation can be attributed to differences in the chemical composition of the hay from the grass and the crop stubble, and to the different ways the enzymes act upon the cell wall.

  2. Effects of feeding ratio of beet pulp to alfalfa hay or grass hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity in Holstein dry cows.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Izumi, Kenichi; Unno, Chigusa

    2010-04-01

    The influence of the feeding ratio of a non-forage fiber source and hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity was evaluated in dairy dry cows. Cows were fed four different diets: the ratios of alfalfa hay (AH) to beet pulp (BP) were 8:2 (dry matter basis, A8B2) and 2:8 (A2B8), and those of grass hay (GH) to BP were 8:2 (G8B2) and 2:8 (G2B8). Total eating time was decreased with increasing BP content (P rumination time for AH was shorter than that for GH (P content (P ruminal mat was detected by using a penetration resistance test of the rumen digesta. Penetration resistance value (PRV) of ruminal mat was highest with the G8B2 diet and PRV decreased with increasing BP content (P ruminal mat was greater for increasing BP content (P ruminal mat PRV on total rumination time resulted in a high positive correlation (r = 0.744; P ruminal mat stimulated rumination activity and a ruminal mat could be formed, although it was soft even when cows were offered a large quantity of BP.

  3. Treatment of hay fever.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wood, S F

    1989-01-01

    The range of treatments for hay fever available to the general practitioner has changed considerably in recent years. New antihistamines have addressed the problem of sedation and moved towards one daily dose; nasally applied corticosteroids avoid the need for systemic steroid therapy and its potential adverse effect; and regulatory decisions have set a trend away from immunotherapy in general practice. However, knowledge about the mechanism of action of immunotherapy is increasing and new developments with improved safety profiles include allergen polymers, allergoids, oral immunotherapy and nasal immunotherapy. Choice of treatment depends, as always, on the individual circumstances of the patient and his or her disease. PMID:2556545

  4. Characterisation of Arabica Coffee Pulp - Hay from Kintamani - Bali as Prospective Biogas Feedstocks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hendroko Setyobudi Roy

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The huge amount of coffee pulp waste is an environmental problem. Anaerobic fermentation is one of the alternative solutions. However, availability of coffee pulp does not appear for year-round, whereas biogas needs continuous feedstocks for digester stability. This research uses coffee pulp from Arabica Coffee Factory at Mengani, Kintamani, Bali–Indonesia. The coffee pulp was transformed into coffee pulp-hay product by sun drying for preservations to extend the raw materials through the year. Characterization of coffee pulp-hay was conducted after to keep for 15 mo for review the prospect as biogas feedstocks. Several parameters were analyzed such as C/N ratio, volatile solids, carbohydrate, protein, fat, lignocellulose content, macro-micro nutrients, and density. The review results indicated that coffee pulp-hay is prospective raw material for biogas feedstock. This well-proven preservation technology was able to fulfill the continuous supply. Furthermore, some problems were found in the recent preliminary experiment related to the density and fungi growth in the conventional laboratory digester. Further investigation was needed to implement the coffee pulp – hay as biogas feedstocks.

  5. Health service use among children with and without eczema, asthma, and hay fever

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hammer-Helmich L

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Lene Hammer-Helmich,1,2 Allan Linneberg,1,3,4 Simon Francis Thomsen,5,6 Line Tang,1 Charlotte Glümer1,7 1Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, 2Department of Real World Evidence and Epidemiology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 3Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 4Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 5Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, 6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 7Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Background: Atopic diseases, for example, eczema, asthma, and hay fever, are among the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Knowledge on health service use among children with atopic disease is limited. This study aimed to investigate the total use and costs of health services for children with and without eczema, asthma, and hay fever in a Danish general population. Methods: We conducted a health survey with four complete birth cohorts from the City of Copenhagen. Individual questionnaire data on eczema, asthma, and hay fever for children aged 3, 6, 11, and 15 years were linked to register information on use and costs of health services and prescribed medication and parental education. In total 9,720 children participated (50.5%. Results: We found increased health service use (number of additional consultations per year [95% confidence interval] among children with current eczema symptoms (1.77 [1.29–2.26], current asthma symptoms (2.53 [2.08–2.98], and current hay fever symptoms (1.21 [0.74–1.67], compared with children without these symptoms. We also found increased use of prescribed medication and most subtypes of health services. Current asthma symptoms and current eczema symptoms, but not current hay fever symptoms, increased the health

  6. Hay se agt Bybelse beginsels vir die ekonomiese lewe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.S. van Zyl

    1996-03-01

    Full Text Available Hay’s eight Biblical principles for economic lifeDonald Hay used the idea of stewardship to derive eight Biblical principles for economic life. The purpose of this article is to contribute commentary on and criticism of Hay's approach. The eight Biblical principles cover three main issues, namely creation and man's dominion, man and his work, and the distribution of goods. While social principles can be in conflict with each other, Biblical principles ought not to be in conflict. The test to determine whether the principles have been correctly derived is to revert back to the original text constantly. Upon further reflection it is possible to arrive at further applications of Biblical principles in relation to the sphere of economic life.

  7. Rapid analysis of hay attributes using NIRS. Final report, Task II alfalfa supply system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-10-24

    This final report provides technical information on the development of a near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) system for the analysis of alfalfa hay. The purpose of the system is to provide consistent quality for processing alfalfa stems for fuel and alfalfa leaf meal products for livestock feed. Project tasks were to: (1) develop an NIRS driven analytical system for analysis of alfalfa hay and processed alfalfa products; (2) assist in hiring a qualified NIRS technician and recommend changes in testing equipment necessary to provide accurate analysis; (3) calibrate the NIRS instrument for accurate analyses; and (4) develop prototype equipment and sampling procedures as a first step towards development of a totally automated sampling system that would rapidly sample and record incoming feedstock and outbound product. An accurate hay testing program was developed, along with calibration equations for analyzing alfalfa hay and sun-cured alfalfa pellets. A preliminary leaf steam calibration protocol was also developed. 7 refs., 11 figs., 10 tabs.

  8. Volatile fatty acid profile for grass hay or alfalfa hay fed to alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oldham, C L; Robinson, T F; Hunter, Z R; Taylor, L; White, J; Johnston, N P

    2014-10-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal composition and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and to determine VFA composition and concentration differences between stomach compartment 1 (C1) and caecum of alpacas fed grass and alfalfa hay. The study was divided into two experiments. In Experiment 1 (EXP 1), 10 male alpacas (3+ years old, 65 kg BW) were divided into two groups, housed in drylot pens, provided ad libitum water and fed alfalfa (AH) or grass hay (GH) for 30 days. The alpacas were slaughtered and the digestive tract collected, divided into sub-tract sections, weighed and digesta sampled for pH, dry matter (DM) and NDF. Volatile fatty acid composition and concentration were determined on C1 and caecal material. Four adult male (3+ years old, 60 kg BW), C1 fistulated alpacas were housed in metabolism crates and divided into two forage groups for Experiment 2 (EXP 2). Alpacas were fed the forages as in EXP 1. Diurnal C1 VFA samples were drawn at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h post-feeding. There were no differences between forages for tract weight, C1 and caecum digesta DM or NDF. Differences were noted (p alpacas and the diurnal VFA patterns. Composition of VFA is similar to other ruminant species. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  9. Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vinicius Pimentel Silva

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available This study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics, physicochemical characteristics and particle size of digesta in the right ventral colon (RVC of horses fed coastcross hay ground to different degrees. Four horses fitted with cannulae in the RVC were used and were fed the following forms of hay: long, chopped, ground to 5 mm and ground to 3 mm. A Latin Square 4x4 study design was used. Each experimental period included 10 days for diet adaptation, four days for feces collection and one day for digesta collection. The kinetics of the particulate and solute phases of digesta were evaluated based on the mean retention time (MRT, passage rate (k and transit time (TT using two external markers: Cr-NDF and Co-EDTA. The TT of solid phase digesta was 3 hours longer (P0.05 in k or MRT in either the liquid or solid phase of digesta as a function of the different degrees of hay grinding. However, the liquid phase of digesta presented a higher k than the solid phase, with values of 3.28 and 2.73 h-1 being obtained, respectively. The smallest particle size and the lowest neutral detergent fiber contents in colon digesta were observed when hay ground to 3 mm was offered, leading to values of 0.51 mm and 53.46%, respectively. Grinding the hay increased the transit time of the liquid phase in the digestive tract of the horses, whereas no change in the kinetics of the solid phase digesta was observed. The grinding of hay reduced the NDF and the average particle size in the right ventral colon.

  10. Remoción de partículas adsorbentes de iones cobre por flotación Jet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santander, M.

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available The present study shows the results obtained on the removal of copper ions from synthetic effluents by using the adsorbent particles flotation technique (APF in a Jet flotation cell (Jameson type. In a typical experimental run, a mineral with high quartz content was used as adsorbent particles in the adsorption and flotation experiments, to determine optimal pH conditions, adsorbent particles concentration; flotation reagents dosage and air/effluent flow ratio for applying in the Jet cell to maximize the efficiency of copper ions adsorptions and the removal of particles adsorbent containing the absorbed copper ions. The results indicate that at pH > 7 and at adsorbent particles concentration of 2 kg.m–3, 99 % of copper ions is adsorbed and, when the air/ effluent flow ratio applied in the Jet cell is 0.2, 98 % of adsorbent particles containing the adsorbed copper ions is removed.

    Los resultados que se presentan en este artículo corresponden a los estudios realizados para la remoción de iones cobre desde efluentes sintéticos, utilizando la técnica de flotación por partículas adsorbentes (FPA en una celda de flotación Jet (tipo Jameson. En los estudios de adsorción y flotación se utilizó, como partículas adsorbentes, mineral con alto contenido de cuarzo, para determinar condiciones óptimas de pH, concentración de partículas adsorbentes, dosis óptimas de reactivos de flotación, razón flujo de aire/flujo de efluente necesaria de aplicar en la celda Jet, para maximizar la eficiencia de adsorción de iones cobre y remoción de partículas adsorbentes de iones cobre. Los resultados indican que, a pH > 7 y concentraciones de partículas adsorbentes de 2 kg.m–3, se adsorbe el 99 % de los iones cobre y cuando la razón flujo de aire/flujo de efluente, aplicada en la celda Jet, es 0,2, se remueve un 98 % de las partículas adsorbentes de iones cobre.

  11. Ammoniated babassu palm hay in anglo-nubian goat diets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia Leidiana Moreira

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Leaves of babassu may be used in diets for goats under maintenance, however, it is a low-quality roughage due to its high fiber content. The chemical treatment by ammonia causes reduction in the proportion of the cell wall, in addition to providing non-protein nitrogen for the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Babassu palm hay ammoniated with 4% urea (BHAU4% was evaluated in this study as a substitute for guinea grass hay in the maintenance diets of goats in terms of intake, digestibility in vivo, and the partitioning of energy and nitrogen compounds. Twenty Anglo-Nubian male goats were used in a randomised block design with four treatments (diets containing 0, 33, 66, or 100% BHAU4% and five replicates (animals/block. The chemical compositions of the feeds, leftovers, faeces, nitrogen and crude energy of the urine were evaluated. In addition, the rumen fluid pH, the rumen N-NH3, and the blood serum urea were evaluated. The digestibility of the dry matter (DM, organic matter (OM, crud protein (CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDFap and detergent acid (ADFap, corrected for ash and protein, declined (P<0.05 0.0939, 0.0722, 0.0953, 0.1113, and 0.2666%, respectively, with the 1% inclusion of babassu palm hay in the diet. A negative linear effect (P<0.05 was observed in the ingested nitrogen (N, excretion of N in the urine, retained N, and N balance, with decreases of 0.15711, 0.0225 and 0.1071 g/day and 0.1388%, respectively, per percentage unit of the babassu palm hay included in the diet. The intake and digestibility of the DM and nutrients are reduced with the inclusion of BHAU4% in maintenance diets for goats, with positive nitrogen balance and stability of the ruminal pH and N-NH3 as well as blood urea, which presented values within the normal physiological range for goats.

  12. Chevilly Larue, L'Hay les Roses: twin geothermal plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeanson, E.

    1995-01-01

    The Chevilly Larue/L'Hay les Roses (Paris region, France) low energy geothermal plants are interconnected and thus represent the greatest geothermal heat network in Europe. The two plants are 2.5 km apart and supply 13000 collective lodgings in energy using a 60 km network with a 75 MW power. Gas or fuel auxiliary heating systems are used in winter to increase water temperature up to 105 C, but the part of energy released by geothermics remains of about 70 to 80%. The network will be extended in the next years to Fresnes and Villejuif neighbouring towns. In 1996, the SEMHACH company, which manage the two plants, will put into service a mixed electricity and heat production plant in L'Hay les Roses. (J.S.). 2 photos

  13. Colectomía parcial laparoscópica electiva por enfermedad diverticular

    OpenAIRE

    MELKONIAN T, ERNESTO; RODRÍGUEZ G, MARCELO; CONTRERAS F, DAVID; OPAZO S, PATRICIO; ROBLES G, IGNACIO; BRAVO H, MAGDALENA

    2011-01-01

    La cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal, aunque de desarrollo lento, ha presentado en los últimos años ventajas con respecto a la cirugía abierta. Hay escasas publicaciones nacionales sobre esta técnica en enfermedad diverticular. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia en enfermedad diverticular en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con indicación quirúrgica electiva resueltos por vía laparoscópica. Material y Método: Se analizan los protocolos prospectivos de cirugía laparoscópica de colon con...

  14. Eritema multiforme mayor desencadenado por antimicrobianos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronaldo de Carvalho Raimundo

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available El eritema multiforme, aparece como una enfermedad sistémica con la participación de la piel y las membranas mucosas en relación con varios factores como las infecciones bacterianas o virales, y en particular la administración de drogas, analgésicos y antibióticos en general. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 29 años de edad con eritema multiforme mayor desencadenado por antimicrobianos con la aparición de lesiones vesiculares-bulloso-ulcerosas en las regiones de los labios, encías, la lengua y la mucosa genital en tratamiento de una infección del tracto urinario con norfloxacino 400 mg por una semana. Fue realizado un tratamiento de soporte con el uso de colutorios para la higienización bucal y pomada a base de corticoide para protección de las úlceras, antihistamínicos y orientación nutricional de dieta líquida hipercalórica e hiperproteica. Este síndrome está caracterizado como un proceso eruptivo buloso agudo que compromete la calidad de vida del paciente y no hay pruebas de laboratorio específicas por lo que su diagnóstico debe estar basado en la revisión minuciosa de la anamnesis y en los hallazgos clínicos.

  15. Rumen volatile fatty acids and milk composition from cows fed hay, haylage, or urea-treated corn silage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schingoethe, D J; Voelker, H H; Beardsley, G L; Parsons, J G

    1976-05-01

    Alfalfa-brome hay, haylage, .5% urea-treated corn silage, or .5% urea plus 1% dried whey-treated corn silage was fed as the only forage to one of four groups of 10 lactating cows per group for a lactation trial of 10 wk. Rumen samples were collected via stomach tube 3 to 4 h after the morning feeding. The pH of the rumen samples from cows fed hay was higher than for cows fed haylage, urea-treated corn silage, and urea-whey corn silage, 6.69 versus 6.36, 6.40, and 6.50. Total volatile fatty acids and propionate were highest from cows fed urea-whey corn silage and were higher on all three fermented forages than cows fed hay. Acetate/propionate ratio was highest from cows fed hay and lowest from cows fed corn silages. Butyrate was highest from cows fed haylage or hay. Milk protein composition was not affected by ration although nonprotein nitrogen of milk was highest from cows fed the urea-treated corn silages. Oleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were lowest in milk fat from cows fed hay while palmitic acid was highest from cows fed hay and haylage. These results suggest that type of forage fed may cause small changes in rumen fermentation and in milk composition. The importance of these changes is unknown but may affect properties of dairy products produced from this milk.

  16. Fibrolytic enzyme and ammonia application effects on the nutritive value, intake, and digestion kinetics of bermudagrass hay in beef cattle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romero, J J; Zarate, M A; Queiroz, O C M; Han, J H; Shin, J H; Staples, C R; Brown, W F; Adesogan, A T

    2013-09-01

    The objectives were to compare the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (Biocellulase A20) or anhydrous ammonia (4% DM) treatment on the nutritive value, voluntary intake, and digestion kinetics of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cultivar Coastal) hay harvested after 2 maturities (5- and 13-wk regrowths). Six individually housed, ruminally cannulated Brangus steers (BW 325 ± 10 kg) were used in an experiment with a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 3 (additives) × 2 (maturities) factorial arrangement of treatments. Each period consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7, 4, 1, 1, and 4 d for measuring in vivo digestibility, in situ degradability, no measurements, rumen liquid fermentation and passage indices, and rate of solid passage, respectively. Steers were fed hay for ad libitum intake and supplemented with sugarcane molasses and distillers grain (supplement total of 2.88 kg DM/d). Enzyme did not affect the nutritional composition of hay but ammonia treatment decreased hay NDF, hemicellulose, and ADL concentrations and increased the CP concentration particularly for the mature lignified 13-wk hay. The enzyme increased NDF and hemicellulose digestibility of the 5-wk hay but decreased those of the 13-wk hay. Ammoniation decreased intake of hay but increased digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, hemicellulose, ADF, and cellulose and increased the ruminal in situ soluble and potentially digestible fractions and the rate of DM degradation of the 13-wk hay. Also, ammoniation increased the concentrations of ruminal NH3, total VFA, acetate, and butyrate but enzyme treatment did not. Neither enzyme addition nor ammoniation affected rate of liquid and solid passage. In conclusion, ammoniation decreased the concentration of most fiber fractions, decreased the intake of hays, and increased their CP concentration, in vivo digestibility, and in situ degradability at both maturities whereas enzyme application increased fiber digestibility of the 5-wk hay but decreased it in the case of

  17. La ciudad inhóspita promovida por Heidegger

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rojas Jiménez, Alejandro

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available A society that cares about strengthening the idea that no one can interfere in our convictions, just finally generating uncritical individuals incapable of self-reflective and thus, it fails the first condition of a free citizenry. If diversity does not mean arbitrariness, but only that no single practical reason, then you have to do is not practical reason to relegate to the private sphere, but to show the existence of other reasons to shake the security of particular beliefs and thus promote certain inhospitality constantly put to test personal convictions.

    Una sociedad que se preocupa por fortalecer la idea de que nadie puede interferir en nuestras convicciones, acaba finalmente generando individuos acríticos incapaces de autonomía reflexiva y, en esta medida, se incumple la primera condición de una ciudadanía libre. Si pluralidad no significa arbitrariedad, sino sólo que no hay una única razón práctica, entonces lo que hay que hacer no es relegar la razón práctica al ámbito privado, sino mostrar la existencia de otras razones para tambalear la seguridad de las convicciones particulares y así promover cierta inhospitalidad que ponga constantemente a prueba las convicciones más personales.

  18. [A review on studies and applications of near infrared spectroscopy technique(NIRS) in detecting quality of hay].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Wu-Rong; Gan, You-Min; Guo, Xu-Sheng; Yang, Fu-Yu

    2009-02-01

    The quality of hay can directly affect the price of hay and also livestock productivity. Many kinds of methods have been developed for detecting the quality of hay and the method of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used with consideration of its fast, effective and nondestructive characteristics during detecting process. In the present paper, the feasibility and effectiveness of application of NIRS to detecting hay quality were expounded. Meanwhile, the advance in the study of using NIRS to detect chemical compositions, extent of incursion by epiphyte, amount of toxicant excreted by endogenetic epiphyte and some minim components that can not be detected by using chemical methods were also introduced detailedly. Based on the review of the progresses in using NIRS to detect the quality of hay, it can be concluded that using NIRS to detect hay quality can avoid the disadvantages of time wasting, complication and high cost when using traditional chemical method. And for better utilization of NIRS in practice, some more studies still need to be implemented to further perfect and improve the utilization of NIRS for detecting forage quality, and more accurate modes and systematic analysis software need to be established in times to come.

  19. The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Earthquake Hazards

    Science.gov (United States)

    Detweiler, Shane T.; Wein, Anne M.

    2017-04-24

    The HayWired scenario is a hypothetical earthquake sequence that is being used to better understand hazards for the San Francisco Bay region during and after an earthquake of magnitude 7 on the Hayward Fault. The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities calculated that there is a 33-percent likelihood of a large (magnitude 6.7 or greater) earthquake occurring on the Hayward Fault within three decades. A large Hayward Fault earthquake will produce strong ground shaking, permanent displacement of the Earth’s surface, landslides, liquefaction (soils becoming liquid-like during shaking), and subsequent fault slip, known as afterslip, and earthquakes, known as aftershocks. The most recent large earthquake on the Hayward Fault occurred on October 21, 1868, and it ruptured the southern part of the fault. The 1868 magnitude-6.8 earthquake occurred when the San Francisco Bay region had far fewer people, buildings, and infrastructure (roads, communication lines, and utilities) than it does today, yet the strong ground shaking from the earthquake still caused significant building damage and loss of life. The next large Hayward Fault earthquake is anticipated to affect thousands of structures and disrupt the lives of millions of people. Earthquake risk in the San Francisco Bay region has been greatly reduced as a result of previous concerted efforts; for example, tens of billions of dollars of investment in strengthening infrastructure was motivated in large part by the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. To build on efforts to reduce earthquake risk in the San Francisco Bay region, the HayWired earthquake scenario comprehensively examines the earthquake hazards to help provide the crucial scientific information that the San Francisco Bay region can use to prepare for the next large earthquake, The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Earthquake Hazards volume describes the strong ground shaking modeled in the scenario and the hazardous movements of

  20. Uudised : Isaac Hayes loobub koka rollist. Bergeni festival soomestub

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2006-01-01

    Satiirilises animaseriaalis "South Park" mustanahalise koolikoka rollis lugenud soulilauljast Isaak Hayes'ist. 24. maist 6. juunini kestval Bergeni kultuurifestivalil Norras tulevad esitusele Jean Sibeliuse sümfooniad, Magnus Lindbergi heliteosed, koreograaf Tomi Paasoneni teos "Olotila" ja pianist Juho Pohjoneni klverikontsert

  1. Hacia la comunicación 2.0. El uso de las redes sociales por parte de las universidades españolas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Paniagua Rojano

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Gracias a sus características (interactividad, transparencia e inmediatez, las redes sociales digitales ofrecen a las universidades la posibilidad de compartir abundante información con sus públicos de interés, permitiendo una relación directa con ellos sin el filtro de los medios de comunicación tradicionales. En este artículo se analiza el uso que las 76 universidades españolas hacen de las redes sociales más populares, cuantificando perfiles, seguidores y volumen de comentarios generados, con objeto de determinar su grado de adaptación al entorno 2.0 y las eventuales carencias o disfunciones de su actividad online. En muy poco tiempo, todas las universidades del país se han sumado a las redes sociales. Por número de perfiles, la más extendida es el canal Youtube (92 por ciento de campus, seguida por Facebook (89,5 por ciento, Twitter y Linkedin (86,8 por ciento en ambos casos. En conjunto, suman 534.347 seguidores o fans entre Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin y Tuenti, a lo que hay que añadir 14.576 suscriptores en Youtube. Sin embargo, hay indicios que llevan a pensar que la participación de las universidades en estas redes carece, con frecuencia, de una planificación estratégica: solo así se explica la poca accesibilidad de los enlaces directos en varias de las webs analizadas, o el reducido número de comentarios compartidos.

  2. Digestibility Nutrient Contents on Acacia Seyal, Balanities Aegyptiaca and Chloris Gayana Hay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiliti, J.K

    2002-01-01

    A study was carried to determine the nutrients and their digestibility in Acacia seyal and Balanities aegyptiaca legume browses and compared with Chloris gayana hay. Samples were taken from these two leguminous forages at Mogotio and Emining divisions of Koibatek district and fed to sheep in a change over design. The sheep were housed in individual pens and fitted with faecal collection bags. They were fed and faeces collected twice daily. An adaptation period of 14 days, Faecal collection of 7 days and changeover of 10 days were enforced. Nutrients analysed for during digestibility included DM, OM, CP, NDF, Hemicellulose and Cellulose. The nutrients compositions were 651, 916, 112, 370, 339, 59 and 84; 665, 920, 152, 443, 341, 89 and 80, 845, 924, 68, 730, 463, 57, and 76 for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ash in Acacia seal, Balanities aegyptiaca and Chloris gayana hay. The in vivio digestibility results were different (p<0.05) for all nutrients. The digestibilities of DM, OM, CP NDF, Hemicellulose and Cellulose in Acacia seyal, Balanities aegyptiaca and Chloris gayana hay were 54.7, 66.5, 32.8, 40.3, 51.7, and 82.7; 48.5, 58.9, 67.4, 36.9, 36.3, and 40.6 and 48.1, 50.4, 41.7, 53.7, 63.0 and 62.3% respectively. The two legume forages had nutrients that had higher digestibility than hay except for fibre

  3. Effects of feeding steers extruded flaxseed on its own before hay or mixed with hay on animal performance, carcass quality, and meat and hamburger fatty acid composition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vahmani, P; Rolland, D C; McAllister, T A; Block, H C; Proctor, S D; Guan, L L; Prieto, N; López-Campos, Ó; Aalhus, J L; Dugan, M E R

    2017-09-01

    The objective of the present experiment was to determine if carcass quality and fatty acid profiles of longissimus thoracis (LT) and hamburger would be affected by feeding steers extruded flaxseed on its own followed by hay (non-TMR) compared to when hay and extruded flaxseed were fed together (TMR). Forty-eight steers in six pens were assigned to TMR or non-TMR for an average of 242days. Dry matter intake was lower for non-TMR versus TMR steers (10.56 vs. 11.42kg/d; P=0.02), but final live weight (610±0.50kg) and average daily gain (1.18±0.02kg/d) did not differ. Compared to TMR, feeding non-TMR enriched LT and hamburger with α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) by 14%, vaccenic acid (VA; t11-18:1) by 44%, rumenic acid (RA; c9,t11-18:2) by 40%, and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) by 58%. Overall, feeding extruded flaxseed separately from hay in a non-TMR was more effective at enhancing deposition of ALA, VA, RA and CLnA in beef. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Sporotrichosis outbreak and mouldy 
hay in NSW.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dhingra, Deeksha; Durrheim, David; Porigneaux, Philippe

    2015-04-01

    Sporotrichosis is a subacute/chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii. The fungus thrives on organic matter including hay, wood, moss, soil and plants. Zoonotic transmission has also been reported. Lesions present as superficial skin nodules that become purulent and ulcerate. Lymphocutaneous spread is common. Haematogenous spread is uncommon and case fatality is rare. The aim of this article is to describe an outbreak of sporotrichosis in New South Wales. A cluster of six cases was identified in the NSW mid-north coast area in the first half of 2013. Telephone interviews were conducted in an attempt to identify possible exposures. General practitioners were contacted to report on patients with chronic non-healing skin lesions. A batch of mouldy hay supplied by a local farmer was identified as the potential source of exposure. Despite effective treatment with oral antifungals, diagnosis of sporotrichosis is often delayed and prolonged courses of antibiotics are unnecessarily prescribed. Timely detection and management (including referral to a dermatologist or infectious diseases specialist) significantly reduces morbidity. Personal protection is the key to prevention.

  5. 34 CFR 664.40 - Can participation in a Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad be terminated?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM What Conditions Must Be Met by a Grantee? § 664.40 Can participation in a Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad be terminated? (a) Participation may be terminated only by the J. William... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Can participation in a Fulbright-Hays Group Projects...

  6. Greenhouse gas fluxes of grazed and hayed wetland catchments in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Ecoregion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Finocchiaro, Raymond G.; Tangen, Brian A.; Gleason, Robert A.

    2014-01-01

    Wetland catchments are major ecosystems in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and play an important role in greenhouse gases (GHG) flux. However, there is limited information regarding effects of land-use on GHG fluxes from these wetland systems. We examined the effects of grazing and haying, two common land-use practices in the region, on GHG fluxes from wetland catchments during 2007 and 2008. Fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2), along with soil water content and temperature, were measured along a topographic gradient every other week during the growing season near Ipswich, SD, USA. Closed, opaque chambers were used to measure fluxes of soil and plant respiration from native sod catchments that were grazed or left idle, and from recently restored catchments which were seeded with native plant species; half of these catchments were hayed once during the growing season. Catchments were adjacent to each other and had similar soils, soil nitrogen and organic carbon content, precipitation, and vegetation. When compared with idle catchments, grazing as a land-use had little effect on GHG fluxes. Likewise, haying had little effect on fluxes of CH4 and N2O compared with non-hayed catchments. Haying, however, did have a significant effect on combined soil and vegetative CO2 flux in restored wetland catchments owing to the immediate and comprehensive effect haying has on plant productivity. This study also examined soil conditions that affect GHG fluxes and provides cumulative annual estimates of GHG fluxes from wetland catchment in the PPR.

  7. Game and Digital Culture: A Study on Hay Day Game

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mia Angeline

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Digital games are a commercial product developed and distributed by media companies and often uses characters or scenarios of movies, books, and comics. The digital game play comes from individual media consumption patterns. Playing digital games also offer experience and satisfaction based on interactive communication technologies and immersive gameplay. In this digital age, digital games became more social-based, which means they implement the need to invite friends on social media to come into play and help each other in the game. The problems of this study was to determine what factors make Hay Day popular among the players and to find out how Hay Day changing the social patterns interaction of the players. This study aims to look at the functions of digital games in the context of communication with relations in social media and why certain games can achieve very high popularity, while other games failed miserably. This research focuses on Hay Day. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach with case study method. Data collection is using interviews with players active in the game, as well as observation and literature studies. The results showed that a game may gain popularity if someone has a social media environment prior to play. Interactive concept, simulation, and fantasy game technology are also the reason Hay Day became very popular. The perception that the digital game player who formerly regarded as anti-social experience has shifted in the concept of digital game-based social bookmark. Players who have a lot of friends in games are seen as someone who has a lot of friends and a high social level. This is in line with the functions of a traditional game in Indonesian culture, where the region has a wide variety of games to be played together and motivate positive social interaction. Function of digital games also increased, other than playing the game as entertainment, but also now the game became one of the effective

  8. Feeding behavior of lambs fed with diets containing mulberry hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available The experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding behavior of lambs fed with diets containing 0, 12.5 and 25.0% of mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty four Ile de France lambs, non castrated, with 25 kg of body weight and four months old, confined, in a completely randomized design, were used. The feeding daily time (242.01 minutes, rumination (435.48 minutes and leisure (762.50 minutes, the numbers of cakes ruminated per day (658.36 and the time spent per cake (40.03 sec were not affected (P>0.05 by different levels of hay in mulberry concentrate. The dry matter voluntary intake (1.258 kg/day and neutral detergent fiber intake (0.302 kg/day, as well as the efficiency of dry matter intake and rumination (316.24 and 173.54 g/h, respectively and efficiency of neutral detergent fiber intake and rumination (75.89 and 41.68 g/h, respectively were similar in all treatments. The ruminating chew expressed in hour/day (11.29 and the number of chews expressed per cake (72.65 and per day (47.638.06, as well as the number and the feeding time (22.02 meals and 11.23 min/meal, rumination (25.95 ruminations and 17.29 min/rumination and idle (41.81 idle and 18.30 min/idle time, were also not affected (P>0.05. The inclusion of mulberry hay did not change the rumination expressed in g of DM and NDF/cake (1.91 and 0.46, respectively and min/kg of DM and NDF (361.51 and 1.505.78, respectively, as well as the total chew expressed in min/kg of DM and NDF (563.70 and 2.347.19, respectively. The use of mulberry hay partially replacing the concentrated, does not change the feeding behavior of feedlot lambs.

  9. The combined effects of family size and farm exposure on childhood hay fever and atopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Genuneit, Jon; Strachan, David P; Büchele, Gisela; Weber, Juliane; Loss, Georg; Sozanska, Barbara; Boznanski, Andrzej; Horak, Elisabeth; Heederik, Dick; Braun-Fahrländer, Charlotte; von Mutius, Erika

    2013-05-01

    Exposure to farming environments and siblings is associated with reduced risks of childhood hay fever and atopy. We explored the independence and interaction of these protective effects in the GABRIELA study. Questionnaire surveys on farming, asthma, and allergies were conducted in four central European areas among 79,888 6-12-yr-old children. Aeroallergen-specific serum IgE was measured in a stratified sample of 8,023 children. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare gradients in allergy prevalence by sibship size across three categories of exposure to farming environments. The prevalence of hay fever ranged from 2% (95% confidence interval 1.6%; 2.7%) among farmers' children with more than two siblings to 12% (11.2%; 13.0%) among children with no farm exposure and no siblings. Farming families were larger on average. More siblings and exposure to farming environments independently conferred protection from hay fever and atopy. There was no substantial effect modification between family size and exposure to farming environments. The odds ratios for hay fever per additional sibling were 0.79 among unexposed non-farm children, 0.77 among farm-exposed non-farm children, and 0.72 among children from farming families (2df interaction test: p = 0.41). The inverse association of exposure to farming environments with hay fever is found in all sizes of family, with no substantial tendency to saturation or synergism. This suggests that different biological mechanisms may underlie these two protective factors. Combinations of a large family and exposure to farming environments markedly reduce the prevalence of hay fever and indicate the strength of its environmental determinants. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  10. PENGARUH CARA PENGAWETAN TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN EFISIENSI DALAM BENTUK HAY DAN SILASE PADA DAUN 16 PROVENAN GAMAL (GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. W. Puger

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available RINGKASAN Percobaan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh cara pengawetan terhadap kandungan zat-zat makanan dan efisiensinya pada daun 16 provenan gamal telah dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan pengawetan (gamal segar, gamal hay, dan gamal silase dan 3 blok sebagai ulangan. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 16 provenan, yaitu 6 dari Mexico (M, 4 dari Guatemala (G, dan satu provenan masing-masing dari Colombia (C, Indonesia (I, Nicaragua (N, Panama (P, Costa Rica (R, dan Venezuela (V. Sampel setiap daun (helai dan tangkai provenan sebelum dan setelah diawetkan dianalisis kandungan zat-zat makanannya dan dihitung efisiensinya setelah dibuat hay dan silase. Kandungan DM dan CP dari hay adalah tertinggi (P0,05 setelah diawetkan menjadi hay dan silase, sedangkan efisiensi DM, OM, dan CP dari hay lebih tinggi (P<0,05 daripada silase. Provenan P13, R12, dan M34 mengandung zat-zat makanan lebih tinggi; sementara provenan G14 dan G17 lebih efisien bila diawetkan dalam bentuk hay dan silase. Pada pertanian lahan kering pengawetan gamal dalam bentuk hay lebih efektif dan efisien jika dibandingkan dengan dalam bentuk silase.

  11. Weaned beef calves fed selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay have an enriched nasal microbiota compared with healthy controls.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hall, Jean A; Isaiah, Anitha; Estill, Charles T; Pirelli, Gene J; Suchodolski, Jan S

    2017-01-01

    Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral important for immune function and overall health of cattle. The nasopharyngeal microbiota in cattle plays an important role in overall respiratory health, especially when stresses associated with weaning, transport, and adaptation to a feedlot affect the normal respiratory defenses. Recent evidence suggests that cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease complex have significantly less bacterial diversity. The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding weaned beef calves Se-enriched alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay for 9 weeks in a preconditioning program prior to entering the feedlot alters nasal microbiota. Recently weaned beef calves (n = 45) were blocked by sex and body weight, randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 3 pens of 5 calves per treatment group, and fed an alfalfa hay based diet for 9 weeks. Alfalfa hay was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium selenate at a rate of 0, 45.0 or 89.9 g Se/ha. Blood samples were collected biweekly and analyzed for whole-blood Se concentrations. Nasal swabs were collected during week 9 from one or two calves from each pen (total n = 16). Calculated Se intake from dietary sources was 3.0, 15.6, and 32.2 mg Se/head/day for calves consuming alfalfa hay with Se concentrations of 0.34 to 2.42 and 5.17 mg Se/kg dry matter, respectively. Whole-blood Se concentrations after 8 weeks of feeding Se-fertilized alfalfa hay were dependent upon Se-application rates (0, 45.0, or 89.9 g Se/ha) and were 155, 345, and 504 ng/mL (PLinear Microbial DNA was extracted from nasal swabs and amplified and sequenced. Alpha rarefaction curves comparing the species richness (observed OTUs) and overall diversity (Chao1, Observed OTU, and Shannon index) between calves fed selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay compared with control calves showed that Se-supplementation tended to be associated with an enriched nasal microbiota. ANOSIM of unweighted UniFrac distances showed that calves

  12. Weaned beef calves fed selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay have an enriched nasal microbiota compared with healthy controls

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hall, Jean A.; Isaiah, Anitha; Estill, Charles T.; Pirelli, Gene J.; Suchodolski, Jan S.

    2017-01-01

    Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral important for immune function and overall health of cattle. The nasopharyngeal microbiota in cattle plays an important role in overall respiratory health, especially when stresses associated with weaning, transport, and adaptation to a feedlot affect the normal respiratory defenses. Recent evidence suggests that cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease complex have significantly less bacterial diversity. The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding weaned beef calves Se-enriched alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay for 9 weeks in a preconditioning program prior to entering the feedlot alters nasal microbiota. Recently weaned beef calves (n = 45) were blocked by sex and body weight, randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 3 pens of 5 calves per treatment group, and fed an alfalfa hay based diet for 9 weeks. Alfalfa hay was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium selenate at a rate of 0, 45.0 or 89.9 g Se/ha. Blood samples were collected biweekly and analyzed for whole-blood Se concentrations. Nasal swabs were collected during week 9 from one or two calves from each pen (total n = 16). Calculated Se intake from dietary sources was 3.0, 15.6, and 32.2 mg Se/head/day for calves consuming alfalfa hay with Se concentrations of 0.34 to 2.42 and 5.17 mg Se/kg dry matter, respectively. Whole-blood Se concentrations after 8 weeks of feeding Se-fertilized alfalfa hay were dependent upon Se-application rates (0, 45.0, or 89.9 g Se/ha) and were 155, 345, and 504 ng/mL (PLinear calves fed selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay compared with control calves showed that Se-supplementation tended to be associated with an enriched nasal microbiota. ANOSIM of unweighted UniFrac distances showed that calves fed high Se-biofortified alfalfa hay clustered separately when compared with control calves in the PCoA plot (R = 0.216, P = 0.04). The bacterial orders Lactobacillales and Flavobacteriales were increased in healthy

  13. The effect of five different wetting treatments on the nutrient content and microbial concentration in hay for horses.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meriel Jean Scott Moore-Colyer

    Full Text Available Five different hays were used to determine the effect of 5 different soaking and steaming treatments on the water soluble carbohydrate and microbial (bacteria and mould contents of UK hay. Hays were subjected to the following 5 treatments: 1. Dry; 2. Steamed for 50 minutes in the Haygain- 600 steamer; 3. Soaked in water at 16°C for 9 hours; 4. Steamed then soaked and 5. Soaked then steamed. Post treatment hays were tested for water soluble carbohydrates, bacteria and mould contents. Differences between means were determined using ANOVA and least significant difference with hay (5, bale (3 and treatment (5 as fixed factors, thus n = 75. Protein and ash proportions were unaltered in any of the treatments. Soaked, steamed then soaked and soaked then steamed treatments were all equally effective at reducing water soluble carbohydrates, with significantly (P<0.05 lower mean contents (79-83 g/kg DM compared with 126 and 122 g/kg dry matter (DM for dry and steamed respectively. Steamed and soaked then steamed had significantly (P<0.05 less bacteria (1.04×103 and 4.9×102 CFU/g DM compared with soaked which increased CFU/g DM from 6.0×104 in dry hay up to 3.5×105. Mould contents CFU/g DM were significantly (P<0.05 reduced by steaming (2 and soaking then steaming (1.9 but no difference was seen between dry (1148, soaked (692 or steamed then soaked (501. Soaking for 9 hours followed by steaming for 50 minutes in the Haygain steamer was the most effective method for reducing water soluble carbohydrates and microbial contamination in hay. Soaking or steaming+soaking lowered water soluble carbohydrates but significantly reduced the hygienic quality of the hay which could potentially compromise the health of the horse.

  14. Effects of phenolic acid structures on meadow hay digestibility

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rodrigues, M.A.M.; Guedes, C.M.; Cone, J.W.; Gelder, van A.H.; Ferreira, L.M.M.; Sequeira, C.A.

    2007-01-01

    The objectives were to evaluate effects of phenolic acid content and composition on the digestibility of six meadow hays from Northern Portugal. Digestibility was assessed by gas production, in vitro and in situ degradation methods. Four cows fed diets at energy maintenance were used for in situ

  15. The nutritional value of peanut hay (Arachis hypogaea L.) as an alternate forage source for sheep

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Khan, M.T.; Khan, N.A.; Bezabih, M.; Qureshi, M.S.; Rahman, A.

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and feeding value of peanut hay (Arachis hypogaea L.) produced under tropical environment as an alternate forage resource for sheep. Peanut hay was appreciably high in crude protein [CP; 105 g/kg dry matter (DM)] and lower in neutral detergent

  16. Weaned beef calves fed selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay have an enriched nasal microbiota compared with healthy controls.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean A Hall

    Full Text Available Selenium (Se is an essential trace mineral important for immune function and overall health of cattle. The nasopharyngeal microbiota in cattle plays an important role in overall respiratory health, especially when stresses associated with weaning, transport, and adaptation to a feedlot affect the normal respiratory defenses. Recent evidence suggests that cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease complex have significantly less bacterial diversity. The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding weaned beef calves Se-enriched alfalfa (Medicago sativa hay for 9 weeks in a preconditioning program prior to entering the feedlot alters nasal microbiota. Recently weaned beef calves (n = 45 were blocked by sex and body weight, randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 3 pens of 5 calves per treatment group, and fed an alfalfa hay based diet for 9 weeks. Alfalfa hay was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium selenate at a rate of 0, 45.0 or 89.9 g Se/ha. Blood samples were collected biweekly and analyzed for whole-blood Se concentrations. Nasal swabs were collected during week 9 from one or two calves from each pen (total n = 16. Calculated Se intake from dietary sources was 3.0, 15.6, and 32.2 mg Se/head/day for calves consuming alfalfa hay with Se concentrations of 0.34 to 2.42 and 5.17 mg Se/kg dry matter, respectively. Whole-blood Se concentrations after 8 weeks of feeding Se-fertilized alfalfa hay were dependent upon Se-application rates (0, 45.0, or 89.9 g Se/ha and were 155, 345, and 504 ng/mL (PLinear < 0.0001. Microbial DNA was extracted from nasal swabs and amplified and sequenced. Alpha rarefaction curves comparing the species richness (observed OTUs and overall diversity (Chao1, Observed OTU, and Shannon index between calves fed selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay compared with control calves showed that Se-supplementation tended to be associated with an enriched nasal microbiota. ANOSIM of unweighted Uni

  17. Cefalea por uso excesivo de analgésicos en Bucaramanga, Colombia: Prevalencia y factores asociados

    OpenAIRE

    Rueda-Sánchez, Mauricio

    2013-01-01

    Introducción : el uso de analgésicos es frecuente en pacientes con cefalea; sin embargo no hay datos sobre la prevalencia de la cefalea por uso excesivo de medicaciones (CUEM) en Colombia. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de CUEM en Bucaramanga-Colombia y los factores asociados a este consumo. Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado en habitantes de Bucaramanga seleccionados al azar. Las comparaciones se realizaron mediante la prueba t o el chi (χ2)i ...

  18. Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, M A; Weary, D M; von Keyserlingk, M A G

    2011-07-01

    Research to date has suggested that access to forage before weaning can limit rumen development in calves, but no research has yet addressed the role of forage for calves fed higher quantities of milk. This study compared performance and rumen development of calves provided high volumes (equivalent to approximately 20% of calf birth weight) of milk with and without access to hay. At d 3 of age, individually housed calves were randomly assigned to treatment (either ad libitum access to chopped grass hay or no forage; n=15 calves per treatment, 10 heifers, and 5 bulls). All calves were provided ad libitum access to water and starter throughout the study. All calves were offered 8L of milk/d from a nipple bottle from d 3 to 35, 4 L/d from d 36 to 53, and 2L/d until weaning at d 56. Solid feed intake and growth parameters were monitored from d 3 to 70. At d 70, males from both treatments were slaughtered to measure rumen development parameters. Overall dry matter (DM) intake from solid feed did not differ between treatments before wk 5. However, during wk 6 to 10, calves fed forage consumed more total DM (starter plus hay) than did calves fed no forage. Hip and wither height, heart girth, and body barrel at d 3, 56, and 70 did not differ between treatments. Reticulorumen weight was heavier in calves fed hay versus those fed only starter (12.77±1.29 vs. 7.99±0.69 kg with digesta; 1.89±0.05 vs.1.60±0.09 kg without digesta). Body weight without digesta was similar in calves fed forage or no forage. Mean rumen pH was higher in calves fed hay compared with those fed no forage (5.49±0.08 vs. 5.06±0.04). In conclusion, provision of chopped hay to calves fed high volumes of milk can promote solid feed DM intake and rumen development without affecting BW gain. Copyright © 2011 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Similarity, Induction, Naming, and Categorization (SINC): Generalization or Inductive Reasoning? Reply to Heit and Hayes (2005)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sloutsky, Vladimir M.; Fisher, Anna V.

    2006-01-01

    This article is a response to E. Heit and B. K. Hayes's comment on the target article "Induction and Categorization in Young Children: A Similarity-Based Model" (V. M. Sloutsky & A. V. Fisher, 2004a). The response discusses points of agreement and disagreement with Heit and Hayes; phenomena predicted by similarity, induction, naming, and…

  20. Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program: Malaysia 1995. Participants' Reports.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange, Kuala Lumpur.

    These reports and lesson plans were developed by teachers and coordinators who traveled to Malaysia during the summer of 1995 as part of the U.S. Department of Education's Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program. Sections of the report include: (1) "Gender and Economics: Malaysia" (Mary C. Furlong); (2) "Malaysia: An Integrated,…

  1. Electromyographic evaluation of masseter muscle activity in horses fed (i) different types of roughage and (ii) maize after different hay allocations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vervuert, I; Brüssow, N; Bochnia, M; Cuddeford, D; Coenen, M

    2013-06-01

    The aims of this study were to monitor electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscle in healthy horses fed (i) different types of roughage and (ii) maize after different hay allocations. Four horses were offered the following three diets ad libitum: hay, haylage or straw/alfalfa chaff (SAC). In a second trial, four horses were fed cracked maize (CM) and hay in three different orders: (i) CM after a 12-h overnight fast; (ii) CM immediately after restricted hay intake (0.6 kg hay/100 kg BW); or 3) CM after hay intake ad libitum. The activity of the masseter muscle was determined by EMG (IED(®) ), and the following were measured: amplitude (muscle action potential = MAP, maximum voltage) and duration of MAP (s). The intake of hay or haylage was associated with intense masseter muscle activity (MAP: hay, 10 ± 1.7 V; haylage, 11 ± 3.3 V; and duration of MAP: hay, 0.31 ± 0.04 s; haylage, 0.30 ± 0.04 s). Similar intense chewing was measured for SAC (MAP 13 ± 3.8 V), although duration of the chewing cycle was relatively short (0.22 ± 0.03 s, diet p haylage or SAC was associated with intensive masseter muscle activity that was likely to stimulate salivary flow rate. In contrast to roughage, concentrates like CM are consumed rapidly with less intensive masseter muscle activity. This situation is associated with a low salivary flow that may have an adverse effect on gastric function. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  2. The Glaser–Hay reaction

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vilhelmsen, Mie Højer; Jensen, Jonas; Tortzen, Christian

    2013-01-01

    The oxidative Glaser–Hay coupling of two terminal alkynes to furnish a butadiyne is a key reaction for acetylenic scaffolding. Although the reaction is performed under rather simple conditions [CuCl/TMEDA/O2 (air)], the mechanism is still under debate. Herein we present detailed studies...... on the scope of this reaction by using both 13C NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic methods. The former method was used to study the kinetics of the coupling of aryl-substituted alkynes as the aryl carbon resonances of the reactants and products have similar NOEs and relaxation times. The reaction was found...... to be zero-order with respect to the terminal alkyne reactant under standard preparative conditions. Moreover, as the reaction proceeded, a clear change to slower reaction kinetics was observed, but it was still apparently zero-order. The onset of this change was found to depend on the catalyst loading...

  3. ¿Hay un hipertexto en esta clase? Dispositivos pedagógicos, tecnología y subjetividad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julieta Armella

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan resultados de una investigación en torno a los procesos de transformación de los dispositivos pedagógicos, atendiendo a la introducción de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC en nuestras sociedades. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en escuelas secundarias públicas de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Entendemos que las TIC tienen efectos en nuestras formas de pensar y actuar en el mundo, en los procesos de producción de subjetividad, en cuanto forman parte de la transformación material y simbólica de nuestra vida cotidiana y de las instituciones. Las escuelas no han quedado exentas de ello: hoy se encuentran interpeladas por los modos en que se adquieren los procesos de producción, distribución y acceso a la cultura. Por medio del análisis de episodios nos proponemos describir las modalidades en que los procesos de informatización de la vida social se expresan en el espacio escolar. Ante la pregunta ¿hay un hipertexto en esta clase? procuramos describir algunas de las dinámicas que caracterizan los dispositivos pedagógicos en tiempos digitales y/o postalfabéticos.

  4. Mineral content of hay harvested in Bavarian and Swiss horse farms. Predictive value of cutting time, number of cut, botanical composition, origin and fertilization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kienzle, E; Möllmann, F; Nater, S; Wanner, M; Wichert, B

    2008-12-01

    Hay samples from 29 horse farms in Southern Upper Bavaria and 31 horse farms in Switzerland were taken and analysed for minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. The content of herbs and legumes in the hay was determined and the Weende analysis was performed. Comparison between Bavaria and Switzerland resulted in comparable calcium contents of approximately 4 g Ca/kg dry matter (DM) in grass hay. Hay with more than 10% of herbs and legumes found only in Switzerland showed higher Ca contents of >7 g Ca/kg DM in hay. The mineral contents of phosphorus and potassium were lower in hay from Switzerland (P: 1.8 +/- 0.7 g/kg DM, K: 15.4 +/- 5.1 g/kg DM) than from Bavaria (P: 3.8 +/- 0.6 g/kg DM, K: 20.0 +/- 6.0 DM), whereas the magnesium content of the hay showed no difference between the regions ( approximately 1.5 g Mg/kg DM). Very late first grass hay cuts showed low magnesium and calcium (<4 g/kg DM) contents. Further minerals in the hay for horses differed from those in dairy cattle in the same region. Fertilization showed only small effects on the mineral contents of the hay produced for horses. Therefore, in calculation of ration and production of supplements for horses, these differences should be taken into account.

  5. An Investigation of Hayes and Wheelwright’s Practices: Empirical Evidence from The Indonesia’s Oil and Gas Industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wakhid Slamet Ciptono

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available The research extracts sixty seven Hayes and Wheelwright’s practices from the Hayes and Wheel-wright’s six principles. These items formed the basis of a questionnaire sent to over 2800 managers at the SBUs level in the Indonesia’s oil and gas companies. The empirical result indicates that All Hayes and Wheelwright’s six principles collectively have positive impact on an overall construct that may be termed world-class company (WCC. Result also points out that Hayes and Wheelwright’s six principles can be reduced into four meaningful factors of world-class company—as operations strategies—for the Indonesia’s oil and gas industry— Workforce skills and capabilities, Management technical competence, Competing through quality, and Workforce participation. These meaningful factors of WCC were shown to be reliable and valid, and offer new insights into the understanding of operations strategy implementation in an oil and gas industry.Based on the oil and gas managers (the SBU level, operations strategies (four meaningful factors of WCC can be viewed as the effective use of production and operations capability and technology for achieving business and corporate goals. Operations strategy, therefore, is to help a company’s operations organization define the common ground where it can play a proactive and collaborative role with other company functions or cross-functional relationships (Hayes et al., 1996.  Oil and gas managers in Indonesia can use these meaningful factors in concert with other critical qual-ity management practices to help them in there word-class company initiatives. Researchers can also use these factors to build structural model linking such factors to various organizational performance measures (i.e., Critical Success Factors of TQM, Operational Excellence, Six Sigma Quality Management, and Good Corporate Governance.Keywords: Hayes and wheelwright’s six principles, Hayes and Wheelwright practices, World

  6. HISTORIA DEL ECMO (OXIGENACIÓN POR MEMBRANA EXTRACORPÓREA O SOPORTE VITAL EXTRACORPÓREO)

    OpenAIRE

    Rodrigo Díaz, Dr.; Christian Fajardo, EU.; Jorge Rufs, Dr.

    2017-01-01

    RESUMEN: EL ECMO u oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea, tiene una larga historia de desarrollo. Partiendo con el estudio del aparato circulatorio, transfusiones sanguíneas y circulación extracorpórea en el quirófano. Hay casos aislados reportados en la segunda mitad de la década de 1960, el primer paciente vivo se publicó en el NEJM en 1972. Existe suficiente evidencia para pensar que tiene un impacto positivo en la falla respiratoria neonatal y en la misma condición en adultos, si estos s...

  7. Comparison of silage and hay of dwarf Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fed to Thai native beef bulls.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mapato, Chaowarit; Wanapat, Metha

    2018-03-23

    Both quantity and quality of forages are important in dry season feeding. Eight Thai native beef bulls were arranged in a Completely randomized design to evaluate dwarf Napier namely Sweet grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham) preserved as silage or hay on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The animals were fed with forage ad libitum supplemented with concentrate mixture at 1.0% of BW for 21 days; data were collected during the last 7 days. The results showed that there were differences (P  0.05) in animals fed silage and hay. Sweet grass is better preserved as hay rather than silage.

  8. Supplementary feeding of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L with late harvested hay. A pilot study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Rehbinder

    1985-05-01

    Full Text Available In order to increase the fodder available for roedeer during wintertime, late harvested hay was placed on racks early in November in three consecutive years. Freeezing kept the hay dry and fresh during all three winters. In the first winter, with much snow, the bulk of the hay was consumed whereas consumption in the two subsequent mild winters was low and selective. The crude protein content of the hay was low (3.5 - 8.4% dry matter. Metabolizable energy estimated from digestion in vitro was 3.5 — 5.6 MJ per kg dry matter. Rumen liquor from roe deer during a mild winter gave lower in vitro digestion than liquor from sheep fed with ordinary rations. The value of this poor hay for roe deer is discussed with respect to the animals requirements, seasonal adaption, the energy and protein content of the hay, water consumption and normal behavior. The results indicate that late harvested hay may be more suitable than regularly harvested hay or concentrates to help roe deer to survive spells of severe winter conditions. With late harvested hay placed out at several localized feeding sites, the risks of indigestion and dehydration, associated with a more concentrated, feed, are minimized and the ranking among the roe deer in particular will be less important and thus more animals will have improved prospects of gaining access to the fodder.Tilskottsutfodring av rådjur (Capreolus capreolus L med sent skordat ho. En pilotstudie.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: I avsikt att, for rådjur, oka mångden tillgångligt foder under vintertid, skordades och håssjades ho i borjan av november under tre på varandra foljande år. Hoet fros torn och holl sig fårskt alla vintrarna. Forstå vintern med mycket sno konsumerades huvuddelen av hoet medan de två foljande milda vintrarna konsumptionen var låg och selektiv. Mångden råprotein i hoet var lågt (3.5 — 8.4 % i torrsubstans. Innehållet av omsåttbar energi beråknad från digestion in vitro var 3

  9. Transmisión de Anaplasma marginale por garrapatas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kelly A. Brayton

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Anaplasma marginale, patógeno de distribución mundial, es transmitido por garrapatas Ixódidas. Comprender su complejo desarrollo dentro de la garrapata vector, permitirá la predicción de brotes y ofrecerá oportunidades para controlar su transmisión. En este trabajo se revisa su ciclo básico de desarrollo junto con los estudios recientes acerca de las diferencias de transmisión entre cepas, que delinean aspectos de la interacción patógeno - vector. Bacterias, virus o protozoarios transmitidos por artrópodos causan enfermedades severas, tanto en humanos como en animales. Las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por garrapatas, entre las que incluimos a la Anaplasmosis (A. marginale, babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens y Theileriosis (Theileria annulata, T. parva, se encuentran entre las más importantes en el ámbito mundial, con pérdidas cercanas a los siete mil millones de dólares anualmente; y, a pesar de su impacto, permanecen escasamente bajo control, basado primordialmente en la aplicación de acaricidas, para interrumpir su transmisión. La aparición de garrapatas resistentes a múltiples sustancias acaricidas, representa una amenaza en este tipo de control y, como resultado, hay un resurgimiento de la investigación para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para su control. Nuevas opciones para prevenir la transmisión de patógenos de animales por garrapatas, será el resultado de entender las interacciones garrapata patógeno; proceso que culmina con el desarrollo de la infección y transmisión exitosa. En todos los casos de patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas, el desarrollo de la infección se realiza coordinamente a los momentos de adhesión y alimentación del vector sobre el animal. Esto sucede por la interdependencia en la señalización entre el patógeno y el vector al alimentarse y, por ello, será susceptible de intervención.

  10. Religious Literacy or Spiritual Awareness? Comparative Critique of Andrew Wright's and David Hay's Approaches to Spiritual Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Filipsone, Anta

    2009-01-01

    On the basis of a comparison of the educational approaches of Andrew Wright and David Hay this paper illustrates the persisting problem of dichotomising cognitive and trans-cognitive aspects of spiritual development and education. Even though both Wright and Hay speak of the same topic--spirituality and spiritual education--they define these terms…

  11. Variaciones regionales de la mortalidad por homicidios en Jalisco, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vega-López María Guadalupe

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio busca describir las variaciones regionales de la mortalidad por homicidios en el estado de Jalisco, México, en 1989-1991, 1994-1996 y 1999-2000, analizando a su vez el comportamiento de la tasa de homicidios según género y estratos de bienestar socioeconómico. A partir de la información sobre mortalidad generada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía y Informática, se calcularon tasas ajustadas por edad y género e índices de sobremortalidad masculina. Además, se calcularon razones de tasa y su intervalo de confianza (95%. Los resultados reflejan que la tasa de homicidios presenta una tendencia decreciente en los años 90; que existe un patrón regional de la mortalidad por homicidios, observándose las tasas más altas en regiones periféricas del estado consideradas entre las más pobres; que los municipios ubicados en el estrato de bienestar más bajo presentan un exceso de mortalidad por homicidios estadísticamente significativo, y que hay una evidente sobremortalidad masculina por esta causa. Aspectos como los antes descritos implican tareas y desafíos para la salud pública y para los organismos encargados de preservar la ley y el orden, entre ellos la necesidad de implementar políticas intersectoriales diferenciadas, que tomen en consideración las particularidades que rodean al homicidio y al crimen violento en Jalisco.

  12. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras tan pobres?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abel Ignacio López

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Landes, David. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras son tan pobres?, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1999, 604 páginas. ¿Porqué hay naciones pobres y naciones ricas y cuál es la contribución de la historia en la comprensión de esta cuestión? El autor entiende por cultura el espíritu de empresa, el conjunto de valores que guían la conducta de una población, el dominio de la ciencia, la tecnología y el espíritu racional.

  13. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras tan pobres?

    OpenAIRE

    Abel Ignacio López

    2010-01-01

    Landes, David. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras son tan pobres?, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1999, 604 páginas. ¿Porqué hay naciones pobres y naciones ricas y cuál es la contribución de la historia en la comprensión de esta cuestión? El autor entiende por cultura el espíritu de empresa, el conjunto de valores que guían la conducta de una población, el dominio de la ciencia, la tecnología y el espíritu racional.

  14. A model for assessing Medicago Sativa L. hay quality | Scholtz ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    A study was conducted to identify chemical parameters and/or models for assessing. Medicago sativa L. (L) hay quality, using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) milk prediction as a criterion of accuracy. Milk yield (MY) derived from the ...

  15. Mental health associations with eczema, asthma and hay fever in children:a cross-sectional survey

    OpenAIRE

    Hammer-Helmich, Lene; Linneberg, Allan; Obel, Carsten; Thomsen, Simon Francis; Tang Møllehave, Line; Glümer, Charlotte

    2016-01-01

    Objective This study aimed to examine the association of eczema, asthma and hay fever with mental health in a general child population and to assess the influence of parental socioeconomic position on these associations. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional health survey of children aged 3, 6, 11 and 15?years in the City of Copenhagen, Denmark. Individual questionnaire data on eczema, asthma, and hay fever and mental health problems assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnair...

  16. Report on intercomparison IAEA/V-10 of the determination of trace elements in hay powder

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pszonicki, L.; Hanna, A.N.

    1985-07-01

    Hay plays an important role in the natural production circle of human nutrition. The level of its pollution is an important factor which can effect various branches of the food industry. The aim of the reported exercise organized by the IAEA was to provide the participating laboratories an opportunity to check their analytical performance by comparing their results with the results of other laboratories and to establish the concentration level of trace elements for certification purposes. The hay powder was analyzed by 50 laboratories from 25 countries for 42 elements. Neutron activation, atomic absorption, atomic emission and X-ray spectroscopy were predominantly used as analytical methods. The results provided by the participants of the reported intercomparison exercise have enabled to certify the concentration of eighteen trace and minor elements and to establish non-certified information values for the concentration of an additional twelve elements in Hay Powder IAEA/V-10

  17. Modification of composite por -Si/SnOx power ion beam of nanosecond duration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Korusenko, P.M.; Bolotov, V.V.; Knyazev, E.V.; Kovivchak, V.S.; Korepanov, A.A.; Nesov, S.N.; Povoroznyuk, S.N.

    2011-01-01

    The results of XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) investigation of tin oxide nanolayers on the samples of the composite por-Si/SnO x with different porosity of the matrix, formed under the influence of a powerful ion beam of nanosecond duration was presented. It is shown that fast melting and crystallization of the surface leads to the formation of globular structures with a typical size of 200 nm. Established that the tin is included in structure of the nanocomposite in the oxidized state with little inclusion of metallic β-tin. With increasing porosity, phase composition of nanolayers of tin is close to the state corresponding to the higher tin oxide SnO 2 . Also shows that with increasing porosity, the intensity of subvalent 4d lines of tin, which is apparently associated with an increased degree of hybridization of the tin atoms and oxygen atoms. According to the results stratified etching was to evaluate the changes of the elemental structure of the composite and the depth of penetration of tin. (authors)

  18. Sample preparation of Medicago sativa L. hay for chemical analysis ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the grinding procedure on the moisture and crude protein concentration of a ground Medicago sativa L. hay sample for quality grading. An additional aim was to investigate the accuracy of electronic moisture testers (EMT). Variance of analyses revealed significant ...

  19. EL MST Y LAS DISPUTAS POR LAS ALTERNATIVAS EN BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Pedro Stédile

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La victoria del presidente Lulaen las últimas elecciones cambió la correlaciónde fuerzas de la lucha por la reforma agraria enBrasil. Por los compromisos históricos del PT,su liderazgo y como partido de izquierda,tenemos ahora un gobierno federal que apoyala reforma agraria, al contrario de lo que fue elgobierno de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Porlo tanto, la disputa se sitúa en otro nivel. Sinembargo, hay otras fuerzas poderosas que seoponen a la reforma agraria como lo son ellatifundio, el modelo neoliberal del agro-negocio, la clase dominante como un todo, elEstado burgués brasileño y los medios decomunicación que actúan como un espacio delucha ideológica que disputa la hegemonía en lasociedad contra nosotros. En este nuevocontexto, el MST evalúa que ahora sí se puedeavanzar en la reforma agraria, pero que es unmomento de acumulación de fuerzas y no degrandes definiciones que consoliden la reformaagraria de nuevo tipo que nosotrosdefendemos. Es decir, estamos acumulandopara el futuro.

  20. The effect of feeding barley or hay alone or in combination with molassed sugar beet pulp on the metabolic responses in plasma and caecum of horses

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, R B; Austbø, Dag; Blache, D

    2016-01-01

    only (HAY), hay and molassed SBP (HAY + SBP), hay and pelleted barley (BAR), and hay, pelleted barley and molassed SBP (BAR + SBP). The amount of barley (2 g starch/kg body weight (BW)) fed in the test meals was similar for the BAR and BAR + SBP diets. Each diet was fed for 16 days followed by data...... to the large intestine in response to the dietary carbohydrate composition. In conclusion, there was no effect of adding molassed SBP to a meal of barley compared to feeding barley alone, and fluctuations in plasma and caecal variables were more stable when feeding hay and molassed SBP than feeding barley...

  1. Precision and accuracy of the NDF rumen degradability of hays measured by the Daisy fermenter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Zanfi

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available An inventory of 162 hay samples from Austrian permanent grasslands was used to obtain information about the precision of the in vitro NDF degradability (NDFd measured by the Daisy fermenter and its accuracy to predict in situ NDFd. The within forage standard error of the in vitro NDFd triplicate, obtained in five consecutive incubations, was equal to 2.8%, while the effect of the four jar positions in the fermenter was not significant. The cutting frequency had a great impact on the in situ effective NDFd of hays, which ranged (P<0.01 from values of 32.9, 43.1 and 48.3% in hays obtained from 2, 3 and 4 cuts/season, respectively. The regression analysis between the in vitro and in situ NDFd values (measured at 48h and effective, k=3%/h allowed to obtain medium degrees of correlation (r2 = 0.69 – 0.71; P<0.01 and low levels of accuracy (RSE = 4.0 -4.6 %.

  2. In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of diets containing oldman saltbush hay and forage cactus, using a cattle inoculum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.S.L. Tosto

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this experiment was to evaluate, by means of the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, fermentation kinetics of carbohydrates and degradability of dry matter (DM and organic matter (OM of diets containing oldman saltbush hay levels (8.4; 18.8; 31.2 and 48.3% associated to forage cactus in natura. Pressure readings of the gases were done with a pressure transducer at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 20, 24, 28, 34, 48, 72 and 96h post-inoculation. The rumen kinetics was described by the following parameters: maximum potential of gas production, lag time and production rates of gas (k, fibrous carbohydrates (FC and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC. It could be observed that the addition of oldman saltbush hay to the diets promoted a quadratic effect in the production of gases originated from NFC. However, there was no significant effect on the production of gases originated from FC and on production rates of gases from NFC and FC. The degradability of DM and OM did not differ due to the addition of oldman saltbush hay. The use of 8.4% hay and 74.9% forage cactus promoted the maximum potential of production of gases from the fibrous fraction of diets containing cactus and oldman saltbush hay.

  3. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis for studying Clostridium cell response to conversion of enzymatically hydrolyzed hay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grube, Mara; Gavare, Marita; Nescerecka, Alina; Tihomirova, Kristina; Mezule, Linda; Juhna, Talis

    2013-07-01

    Grass hay is one of assailable cellulose containing non-food agricultural wastes that can be used as a carbohydrate source by microorganisms producing biofuels. In this study three Clostridium strains Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii and Clostridium tetanomorphum, capable of producing acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE) were adapted to convert enzymatically hydrolyzed hay used as a growth media additive. The results of growth curves, substrate degradation kinetics and FT-IR analyses of bacterial biomass macromolecular composition showed diverse strain-specific cell response to the growth medium composition.

  4. Substitution of lucerne hay by ammoniated wheat straw in growth ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Lucerne hay (LH) was substituted by urea-ammoniated wheat straw (AWS) in four lamb-growth diets, all containing 60% roughage. ... Die ekonomiese voordeel van die verplasing van 'n hoë kwaliteit ruvoer, soos LH, met'n goedkoper bron (AKS), moet opgeweeg word teen die laer DMI en GDT, sowel as die nadelige effek ...

  5. La disputa por la república en el siglo XIX y la prensa en México

    OpenAIRE

    Toussaint, Florence

    2006-01-01

    A partir de la consumación de la independencia, se inicia la disputa por definir el tipo de gobierno que había de asumir el país. Esta oscila entre la República federal y la centralista durante casi todo el tiempo, aunque hay dos momentos en los cuales la forma monárquica aparece como opción. Se conoce a estos periodos como el Primer Imperio y el Segundo Imperio. No duran muchos años. Sin embargo, dan lugar a enconadas luchas internas, sobre todo durante la presencia de...

  6. Pago por servicios ambientales hidrológicos: caso de estudio Parque Nacional del Nevado de Toluca, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgar Brunett

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El potencial hídrico que representa el Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca se ha visto disminuido por numerosos impactos antrópicos, lo que exige crear estrategias para su conservación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la disposición a pagar haciendo una encuesta en una muestra de usuarios del Valle de Toluca en el marco de un programa de Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos. Los resultados muestran que los usuarios dispuestos a pagar rebasan el 50%, con cantidades que oscilan entre 30 y 80 pesos mensuales, sin embargo hay un sector de los encuestados que no estarían dispuestos a contribuir, pero realizarían acciones enfocadas al cuidado del medio ambiente.

  7. Pago por servicios ambientales hidrológicos: caso de estudio Parque Nacional del Nevado de Toluca, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgar Brunett

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El potencial hídrico que representa el Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca se ha visto disminuido por numerosos impactos antrópicos, lo que exige crear estrategias para su conservación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la disposición a pagar haciendo una encuesta en una muestra de usuarios del Valle de Toluca en el marco de un programa de Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos. Los resultados muestran que los usuarios dispuestos a pagar rebasan el 50%, con cantidades que oscilan entre 30 y 80 pesos mensuales, sin embargo hay un sector de los encuestados que no estarían dispuestos a contribuir, pero realizarían acciones enfocadas al cuidado del medio ambiente.

  8. Supplementation of Farta sheep fed hay with graded levels of concentrate mix consisting of noug seed meal and rice bran.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Asmare, Bimrew; Melaku, Solomon; Peters, Kurt J

    2010-10-01

    The study was carried out at Woreta, Ethiopia, to determine feed intake, digestibility, body weight (BW) change, and profitability of Farta sheep fed pasture hay alone or supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) consisting of noug seed meal (NSM) and rice bran in 2:1 ratio. Twenty yearling intact male Farta sheep with BW of 16.9 +/- 1.68 kg (mean +/- SD) were used in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The dietary treatments consisting of sole natural pasture hay (T1, control), hay +200 g of CM dry matter (DM) (T2, low), hay +300 g of CM DM (T3, medium), and hay +400 g of CM DM (T4, high) were randomly assigned to sheep within each block. Common salt and water were available to animals all the time. The supplements were offered twice daily in equal portions at 0800 and 1600 h. Supplementation with the CM increased (P profitability. Among the supplemented treatments, the high level of supplementation resulted in better (P profitability. Thus, the high level of supplementation is recommended based on biological performance and profitability under conditions of this study.

  9. Traumatismo craneal por caída accidental en niños menores de dos años de edad. Mecanismos de producción, consecuencias y diagnóstico diferencial con las lesiones causadas por maltrato infantil.

    OpenAIRE

    Trenchs Sainz de la Maza, Victoria

    2008-01-01

    1. INTRODUCCIÓN:Muchos padres relatan una caída con traumatismo craneal (TCE) para justificar hematomas subdurales (HSD) y/o hemorragias retinianas (HR) debidas a maltrato. El diagnóstico diferencial entre TCE accidental e inflingido en ausencia de otras lesiones es difícil porque no hay estudios que determinen la prevalencia de HSD y/o HR en los traumatismos por caídas.2. HIPÓTESIS:- El mecanismo de producción y la altura de un caída condicionan las lesiones que aparecen en el niño.- El cono...

  10. A broader definition of occupancy: Comment on Hayes and Monfils

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quresh S. Latif; Martha M. Ellis; Courtney L. Amundson

    2016-01-01

    Occupancy models are widely used to analyze presence-absence data for a variety of taxa while accounting for observation error (MacKenzie et al. 2002, 2006; Tyre et al. 2003; Royle and Dorazio 2008). Hayes and Monfils (2015) question their use for analyzing avian point count data based on purported violations of model assumptions incurred by avian mobility....

  11. Interactions of alfalfa hay and sodium propionate on dairy calf performance and rumen development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beiranvand, H; Ghorbani, G R; Khorvash, M; Nabipour, A; Dehghan-Banadaky, M; Homayouni, A; Kargar, S

    2014-01-01

    The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different levels of alfalfa hay (AH) and sodium propionate (Pro) added to starter diets of Holstein calves on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen development. Forty-two male Holstein calves (40±2kg of birth weight) were used in a complete randomized design with a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) control = concentrate only; (2) Pro = concentrate with 5% sodium propionate [dry matter (DM) basis]; (3) 5% AH = concentrate + 5% alfalfa hay (DM basis); (4) 5% AH + Pro = concentrate + 5% alfalfa hay + 5% sodium propionate (DM basis); (5) 10% AH = concentrate + 10% alfalfa hay (DM basis); and (6) 10% AH + Pro = concentrate + 10% alfalfa hay + 5% sodium propionate (DM basis). All calves were housed in individual pens bedded with sawdust until 10wk of age. They were given ad libitum access to water and starter throughout the experiment and were fed 2L of milk twice daily. Dry matter intake was recorded daily and body weight weekly. Calves from the control, 10% AH, and 10% AH + Pro treatments were euthanized after wk 10, and rumen wall samples were collected. Feeding of forage was found to increase overall dry matter intake, average daily gain, and final weight; supplementing sodium propionate had no effect on these parameters. Calves consuming forage had lower feed efficiency than those on the Pro diet. Rumen fluid in calves consuming forage had higher pH and greater concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and molar acetate. Morphometric parameters of the rumen wall substantiated the effect of AH supplementation, as plaque formation decreased macroscopically. Overall, the interaction between forage and sodium propionate did not affect calf performance parameters measured at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, inclusion of AH in starter diets positively enhanced the growth performance of male Holstein calves and influenced

  12. Food hygiene assessment in catering establishments in Hay Hassani district-Casablanca.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kadmiri, Nadia El; Bakouri, Halima; Bassir, Fatima; Barmaki, Saadia; Rachad, Laila; Nadifi, Sellama; Kadmiri, Omar El; Amina, Bouleghmane

    2016-01-01

    Contaminated food is responsible for a significant amount of illnesses. In Morocco, it has become a worrying concern. Numerous awareness campaigns are conducted to warn the population against the risks of such scourge in ways that will prevent foodborne illness. Lawful commissions are in charge of examining and ensuring food safety in production and catering establishments, in addition to the assessment of food poisoning risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hygienic quality of food handling, preparation, and storage in catering establishments within Hay Hassani prefecture in Casablanca. During the period 2006-2012 a total of 1765 food samples were taken and examined for microbiological quality tests. As analyzed, 562 per 1765 samples are declared unhealthy for consumption. We note that some products were highly contaminated as compared to other products (p <0.001), specifically vegetable dishes, and meat dishes. In Hay Hassani district food is generally prepared and sold under unhygienic conditions, adequate corrective measures have been announced to improve hygienic practices.

  13. Radioimmunological allergy diagnostics in infants suffering from asthmatoid bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and hay fever

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Siafarikas, K.; Glaubitt, D.; Wanzeck, E.; Staedtische Krankenanstalten Krefeld

    1975-01-01

    The occurence of circulating specific antibodies against milk protein, hen protein, fish (cod), against cat, dog and horse epithelium as well as against 2 types of house dust was investigated with 11 children in the age of 1-6 years having asthmatoid bronchitis, 23 children aging from 2-15 years with bronchial asthma and 3 children aging from 6-13 years with hay fever, using the radioallergosorbens test (RAST). Children having asthmatoid bronchitis for the first time exhibited a smaller number and a lesser extent of positive radioallergosorben test results then children with bronchial asthma. The children with hay fever exhibited exclusively negative test results. (orig./LN) [de

  14. Valor nutritivo e utilização do feno de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham para coelhos em crescimento Nutritional feeding value and use of Leucaena hay (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham for growing rabbits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Fontana Figueiredo

    2000-05-01

    Full Text Available Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização do feno de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala cv.Cunningham para coelhos em crescimento. No ensaio de digestibilidade foram utilizados 28 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com 40 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e 14 repetições. Foram utilizadas duas dietas, uma referência e uma teste na qual o feno de leucena substituiu 25% da matéria seca da dieta-referência. Os teores de matéria seca digestível, matéria orgânica digestível, proteína digestível, fibra em detergente neutro digestível e energia digestível do feno de leucena foram, respectivamente, de 26,87%; 25,30%; 5,32%; 14,66% e 1.286Kcal/kg. No experimento de desempenho foram utilizados 80 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, de 35 a 70 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (cinco níveis de inclusão de feno de leucena: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%, em substituição ao feno de alfafa, oito repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os níveis crescentes de substituição do feno de alfafa pelo feno de leucena, não afetaram o desempenho dos coelhos durante o período experimental. Os dados mostram que o feno de leucena substituiu eficientemente o feno de alfafa em dietas para coelhos em crescimento.Two trial were carried out to determine the performance of rabbits fed on diets which included Leucaena hay (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunninghan. Twenty-eight 40-day old White New Zealand rabbits were employed for the digestibility trial, in a completely randomized design with two treatments and 14 replications. Reference and test diets were used in which Leucaena hay replaced 25% of the dry matter in the reference diet. Digestible dry matter, digestible organic matter, digestible protein, digestible F.D.N. and digestible energy contents of

  15. Predicting TDN losses from heat damaged hays and haylages with NIR

    Science.gov (United States)

    During the storage of hay or haylage, heating damage may occur and lead to losses of available protein and digestible nutrients. Recent research indicates that losses of TDN may be more significant economically than losses of available protein. Our objectives for this study were to establish a near-...

  16. Hayes Receives 2012 Ronald Greeley Early Career Award in Planetary Science: Citation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leshin, Laurie A.

    2013-10-01

    Alexander G. Hayes Jr. received the 2012 Ronald Greeley Early Career Award in Planetary Science at the 2012 AGU Fall Meeting, held 3-7 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes significant early-career contributions to planetary science.

  17. LA FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO UNIVERSITARIO PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA EVALUACIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Georgeta Ion

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La evaluación centrada en competencias es uno de los retos que la Declaración de Bolonia supone para el profesorado universitario español. Este cambio en las metodologías docentes requiere por parte del profesorado una actividad de formación permanente. El objetivo del estudio que presentamos es analizar en qué medida los programas de formación propuestos por las universidades responden a las necesidades actuales del profesorado universitario, con especial énfasis en la formación para la evaluación por competencias. Se han realizado entrevistas con responsables de los institutos de formación de cinco universidades españolas. Los resultados indican que, aunque la oferta formativa es amplia, todavía hay pocas experiencias formativas orientadas hacia la evaluación por competencias. Aunque el interés hacia la evaluación es cada vez mayor, todavía predomina la demanda sobre estrategias formativas y los temas «clásicos». Las conclusiones apuntan hacia la necesidad de más esfuerzos para ofrecer una formación coherente y adecuada a los nuevos retos del EEES.

  18. PFI-ZEKE (Pulsed Field Ionization-Zero Electron Kinetic Energy) para el estudio de iones

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castaño, F.; Fernández, J. A.; Basterretxea, A. Longarte. F.; Sánchez Rayo, M. N.; Martínez, R.

    Entre las áreas hacia donde ha evolucionado la Química en los últimos años están los estudios de sistemas con especies reactivas de alta energía y los dominados por fuerzas intermoleculares débiles, con energías de unas pocas kcal/mol. En efecto, el estudio de las propiedades de los iones, comenzando por su relación con la molécula neutra de la que procede, la energía de ionización, los estados vibracionales y rotacionales, energías de enlace de Van der Waals entre el ión y una amplia variedad de otras moléculas, sus confórmeros o isómeros y sus reacciones o semi-reacciones químicas están en la raíz de la necesidad de la espectroscopía conocida como PFI-ZEKE, Pulsed Field Ionization-Zero Electron Kinetic Energy. Entre las aplicaciones que requieren estos conocimientos se encuentran la generación de plasmas para la fabricación de semiconductores, memorias magnéticas, etc, así como los sistemas astrofísicos, la ionosfera terrestre, etc. La espectroscopía ZEKE es una evolución de las de fluorescencia inducida por láser, LIF, ionización multifotónica acrecentada por resonancia, REMPI, con uno y dos colores y acoplada a un sistema de tiempo de vuelo, REMPI-TOF-MS, y las espectroscopías de doble resonancia IR-UV y UV-UV. Sus espectros y la ayuda de cálculos ab inicio permite determinar las energías de enlace de complejos de van der Waals en estados fundamental y excitados, identificar confórmeros e isómeros, obtener energías de ionización experimentales aproximadas (100 cm-1) y otras variables de interés. Al igual que con LIF, REMPI y dobles resonancias, es posible utilizar muestras gaseosas, pero los espectros están muy saturados de bandas y su interpretación es difícil o imposible. Se evitan estas dificultades estudiando las moléculas o complejos en expansiones supersónicas, donde la T de los grados de libertad solo alcanzan unos pocos K. Para realizar experimentos de ZEKE hay que utilizar una propiedad recientemente

  19. Quality of aged shoulder from lambs fed with different oldman saltbush hay levels (Atriplex nummularia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tharcilla Isabella Rodrigues Costa Alvarenga

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This study assessed the effects of different levels of oldman saltbush hay and ageing time on the physical characteristics of Santa Inês lamb meat. Sixty shoulders from 32 male lambs fed with 30, 40, 50 or 60% oldman saltbush hay for 60 days were vacuum-packaged and stored in a refrigerator at 0 ± 1°C for 0, 7 or 14 days of ageing. The shear force, cooking loss and water holding capacity were 3.06kgf cm-2, 37.28% and 76.71%, respectively, and there were no significant changed by studied factors (P>0.05

  20. Convivencia escolar para la ciudadanía a la luz de las dimensiones declaradas por la UNESCO: percepción de los estudiantes de segundo ciclo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Sáez Sotomayor

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio busca evaluar la convivencia escolar para la ciudadanía en sus dimensiones de Inclusión, Democracia y Paz en estudiantes de segundo ciclo básico de dos establecimientos con indicadores de alta vulnerabilidad. Para el presente estudio se utilizó un instrumento validado por Chaparro, A., et al (2013 de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.La investigación es de carácter no experimental y de tipo Encuesta (Labarca, A. 2001. De acuerdo a Hernández (2000 es descriptiva. Su enfoque fue cuantitativo. La muestra de estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario estuvo conformada por 267 estudiantes. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que existe un trato respetuoso de los profesores a los estudiantes, que hay acciones docentes de buen trato y apoyo a estudiantes con dificultad y que existe confianza mutua entre estudiantes y docente. Como aspectos a mejorar se muestra que aun que las relaciones entre docentes y estudiantes son buenas no hay un trato equitativo con los estudiantes y no se percibe promoción de trabajo colaborativo entre estudiantes.

  1. Diversity of lowland hay meadows and pastures in Western and Central Europe

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rodríguez-Rojo, Maria Pilar; Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja; Jandt, Ute; Bruelheide, Helge; Rodwell, John S.; Schaminée, Joop H.J.; Perrin, Philip M.; Kacki, Zygmunt; Willner, Wolfgang; Fernández-González, Federico; Chytrý, Milan

    2017-01-01

    Questions: Which are the main vegetation types of lowland hay meadows and pastures in Western and Central Europe? What are the main environmental gradients that drive patterns of species composition? Is it possible to classify these grasslands to phytosociological alliances that reflect management

  2. Que hay en el horizonte sobre el virus del papiloma humano, vacunas y el control del cáncer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia J. García

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Esta revisión provee una visión general sobre las infecciones genitales producidas por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH y de las neoplasias relacionadas con éste y la información sobre las expectativas crecientes de la vacunación como medio de prevención. Se explora como se han desarrollado las vacunas contra el VPH y que aspectos hay que tener en cuenta para una posible implementación de un programa de vacunación para prevenir el cáncer cervical, como los costos, el público objetivo (varones, mujeres o ambos, grupos de riesgo, a que edad vacunarlos, consideraciones que debemos tener en cuenta en la promoción de la vacuna, que pasaría con los programas de detección precoz de cáncer cervical y cuales son los potenciales problemas que tendría en países en desarrollo.

  3. Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program 1992: Morocco and Tunisia. Final Projects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    AMIDEAST, Washington, DC.

    The projects described in this document were submitted by U.S. teachers who spent time in Morocco and Tunisia as part of the 1992 Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program. The following are among the titles of the projects included: "Formal Education in Rural Morocco: Problems and Constraints" (Victoria Baker); "Continuity and Change…

  4. Nutritional value of silk flower hay for lambs Valor nutritional do feno de flor-de-seda para cordeiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aderbal Marcos de Azevêdo Silva

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available It was evaluated four levels of silk flower (Calotropis procera S.W. hay (SFH as a substitute of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor hay (SBH in diet for lambs. Nutritional value of silk-flower hay was determined based on aparent digestibility and on metabolic, productive and economical performance of Santa Inês lambs. It was used twenty-four castrated males at 15.72 ± 1.92 kg body weight randomly distributed in four diets with silk-fklower and sorghum hay ratios (100:0, 66:33, 33:66, 0:100, and supplemented with a concentrate mixture based on 50% roughage:50% concentrate (weight/weight. Increase in the levels of silk-flower hay in the diet reduced weight gain and nutrient intake and it increased feed conversion and digestibility coeficients of all the nutrients. Nitrogen balance was similar in all levels of silk-flower hay, although there was a tendency of reduction in nitrogen retention at levels 66% and 100% of silk-flower hay. At the levels 0 and 33% of silk-flower hay in the diet, dry matter ingestion (170 and 180 g/day, daily average weight gain (84 and 89 g/kg0.75and feed conversion (4.99 and 5.02 were satisfactory. Silk-flower hay can represent up to 16.5% of the total food ingestion or 33% of the roughage in diet for lambs.Avaliaram-se quatro níveis de feno de flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera S.W. em substituição ao feno de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor na dieta de cordeiros. O valor nutricional do feno de flor-de-seda foi determinado com base na digestibilidade aparente e no desempenho metabólico, produtivo e econômico de cordeiros Santa Inês. Utilizaram-se 24 machos castrados com peso corporal de 15,72 kg ± 1,92 kg distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro dietas com relações entre feno de flor-de-seda e de sorgo (100:0, 66:33, 33:66 e 0:100 e suplementadas com uma mistura concentrada à base de 50% de volumos e 50% de concentrado (peso/peso. O aumento nos níveis de feno de flor-de-seda na dieta diminuiu o ganho de peso e a ingestão de

  5. Komposisi Kimia, Degradasi Nutrien dan Produksi Gas Metana in Vitro Rumput Tropik yang Diawetkan dengan Metode Silase dan Hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. Santoso

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Six grass species (Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum purpureophoides, Sorghum sudanense, Brachiaria brizantha, Imperata cylindrica, and Panicum maximum were harvested at 49 days and preserved as silage or as hay. Samples of silage and hay were evaluated by an in vitro gas production and in vitro nutrient degradability. Total gas production at 24 and 48 h as well as CH4 were higher (P<0.01 in silage than in hay. Brachiaria brizantha had the highest (P<0.01 gas production compared to other species, whereas P. purpureum had the highest CH4 production (mM/g organic matter degraded. Dry matter (DM and organic matter (OM degradations were higher (P<0.01 in silage than hay. When compared with hay, silage had higher (P<0.01 ammonia-N concentration (20.3 vs. 10.6 mg/100 ml and higher (P<0.05 butyric acid concentration (7.9 vs. 7.0 mM. Non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC and crude protein contents were positively correlated with gas production (r = 0.51; P<0.05 and CH4 production (r = 0.64; P<0.01 at 48 h of in vitro incubation. However total gas and CH4 productions were negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (NDF content. There were positive correlation between DM (r = 0.90; P<0.01, OM (r = 0.93; P<0.01, and NDF (r = 0.84; P<0.01 degradations and gas production.

  6. Effects of alfalfa hay and its physical form (chopped versus pelleted) on performance of Holstein calves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jahani-Moghadam, M; Mahjoubi, E; Hossein Yazdi, M; Cardoso, F C; Drackley, J K

    2015-06-01

    Inclusion of forage and its physical form in starter may affect rumen development, average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy calves. To evaluate the effects of forage and its physical form (chopped vs. pelleted) on growth of calves under a high milk feeding regimen, 32 Holstein calves (38.8±1.1kg) were assigned at birth to 1 of 3 treatments in a completely randomized block design. Dietary treatments (% of dry matter) were (1) 100% semi-texturized starter (CON); (2) 90% semi-texturized starter + 10% chopped alfalfa hay (mean particle size=5.4mm) as a total mixed ration (TMR; CH); and (3) 90% semi-texturized starter + 10% pelleted alfalfa (mean=5.8mm) hay as a TMR (PH). Data were subjected to mixed model analysis with contrasts used to evaluate effect of forage inclusion. Calves were weaned at 76 d of age and the experiment finished 2 wk after weaning. Individual milk and solid feed consumption were recorded daily. Solid feed consumption and ADG increased as age increased (effect of week), but neither forage inclusion nor physical form of forage affected these variables pre- or postweaning. Plasma urea N was affected by treatments such that the CON group had a lower concentration than forage-fed groups. Forage inclusion, but not physical form, resulted in increased total protein in plasma. Although days with elevated rectal temperature, fecal score, and general appearance were not affected by dietary treatments, calves fed alfalfa hay during the first month of life had fewer days with respiratory issues, regardless of physical form of hay. We concluded that provision of forage does have some beneficial effects in calves fed large amounts of milk replacer, but pelleted alfalfa hay did not result in any improvement in calf performance or health. Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. A broader definition of occupancy: A reply to Hayes and Monofils

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fatif, Quresh; Ellis, Martha M.; Amundson, Courtney L.

    2015-01-01

    Occupancy models are widely used to analyze presence–absence data for a variety of taxa while accounting for observation error (MacKenzie et al. 2002, 2006; Tyre et al. 2003; Royle and Dorazio 2008). Hayes and Monfils (2015) question their use for analyzing avian point count data based on purported violations of model assumptions incurred by avian mobility. Animal mobility is an important consideration, not just for occupancy models, but for a variety of population and habitat models (Boyce 2006, Royle et al. 2009, Manning and Goldberg 2010, Dormann et al. 2013, Renner et al. 2015). Nevertheless, we believe the ultimate conclusions of Hayes and Monfils are shortsighted mainly due to a narrow interpretation of occupancy. Rather than turn away from the use of occupancy models, we believe they remain an appropriate method for analyzing many data sets collected from avian point count surveys. Further, we suggest that there is value in having a broader and more nuanced interpretation of occupancy that incorporates the potential for animal movement. 

  8. Reproductive performance of reindeer fed all-grain and hay-grain rations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. M. Blanchard

    1986-06-01

    Full Text Available Reproductive performance of grain-fed reindeer {Rangifer tarandus was evaluated over a 2-year period. Groups of pregnant reindeer were fed one of three rations, (1 100% whole-grain barley, (2 98.9% whole-grain barley and 1.2% mineral and trace element supplement, and (3 70% whole-grain barley and 30% finely-chopped bluegrass hay. Reindeer fed unsupplemented whole-barley failed to produce a single live calf. The addition of mineral and trace element supplement to the ration did not result in any significant improvement in reproductive performance. Eighty-five percent of the reindeer consuming unsupplemented and supplemented all-barley rations became pregnant; however, 76% of the pregnancies resulted in stillborn calves. One-hundred percent of the cows maintained on the grain/hay ration produced live calves. We speculate that reproductive failure in reindeer cows maintained on all-grain rations is most likely a result of a diet induced disfunction in maternal rumen and/or carbohydrate metabolism rather than a micro-nutrient deficiency. More research is neeeded to determine which metabolic pathways are affected.

  9. Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusmadi Yusmadi

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE poad ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB, palatability, dry matter (DM and organic matter (OM aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1 Control rations; (2 silage complete ration (SRK; and (3 Hay complete ration (HRK. The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

  10. Razones por las que los alumnos universitarios no utilizan las redes sociales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zeynep Turan

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Aunque las redes sociales (los SRS, especialmente Facebook se han popularizado entre la juventud, hay algunos alumnos universitarios que no desean participar en ellas. Esta investigación explora las razones subyacentes por las cuales los alumnos universitarios no utilizan las redes sociales. El grupo experimental (n=20 estuvo formado por alumnos de licenciatura de entre 18 y 25 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Se recogieron los datos en dos grandes universidades estatales de Turquía. Facebook fue seleccionado para contextualizar esta investigación, por ser una de las redes sociales más populares. Los métodos de investigación cualitativa se emplearon en la recogida y análisis de los datos. Entre las razones principales por las que no utilizan las redes sociales se encuentran su percepción como una pérdida de tiempo, o una herramienta innecesaria; las posibilidades de poder conllevar una adicción; violar las normas de privacidad, compartir información excesiva; e invocar la preocupación parental. Adicionalmente, los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los alumnos no confió en sus amistades virtuales y que no les gustaba compartir fotografías ni opiniones políticas en línea. El haber identificado las actitudes hacia los SRS de los alumnos nousuarios nos ayudará a entender mejor las percepciones y experiencias individuales relacionadas con estos servicios sociales.

  11. Towards a political ontology of state power: a comment on Colin Hay's article.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jessop, Bob

    2014-09-01

    This article offers some critical realist, strategic-relational comments on Colin Hay's proposal to treat the state as an 'as-if-real' concept. The critique first develops an alternative account of ontology, which is more suited to analyses of the state and state power; it then distinguishes the 'intransitive' properties of the real world as an object of investigation from the 'transitive' features of its scientific investigation and thereby provides a clearer understanding of what is at stake in 'as-if-realism'; and it ends with the suggestion that a concern with the modalities of state power rather than with the state per se offers a more fruitful approach to the genuine issues raised in Hay's article and in his earlier strategic-relational contributions to political analysis. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2014.

  12. Estimating the causal effect of body mass index on hay fever, asthma and lung function using Mendelian randomization

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skaaby, T; Taylor, A E; Thuesen, B H

    2018-01-01

    effects. We examined the causal effect of BMI on asthma, hay fever, allergic sensitization, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). METHODS: We included 490 497 participants in the observational and 162 124 participants...... support the conclusion that increasing BMI is causally related to higher prevalence of asthma and decreased lung function, but not with hay fever or biomarkers of allergy....

  13. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas El síndrome pulmonar por virus Hanta en las Américas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available La infección por virus Hanta, cuadro nefrótico y hemorrágico documentado desde la antigüedad en países de Asia y Europa, se presenta en las Américas en la época moderna con una nueva cara. Conocida por síndrome pulmonar por virus Hanta, la infección americana se caracteriza por una serie de síntomas respiratorios similares a los de la influenza, con hipotensión grave y disnea progresiva que lleva a la insuficiencia respiratoria y, en 40 a 50% de los casos, a la defunción. Varias cepas virales son las responsables del trastorno y cada cepa tiene por reservorio una especie particular de roedores. El contagio se produce por inhalación de partículas de las materias excretadas por roedores infectados o por contacto con objetos contaminados. Hay datos que podrían indicar la posible transmisión del virus entre seres humanos. Ante la gravedad de este nuevo problema de salud pública, la OPS está intensificando las medidas para la detección y control del síndrome pulmonar por virus Hanta, entre las que figuran el establecimiento de una red de laboratorios encargados de diagnosticar la enfermedad, preparar reactivos para su detección, investigar la ecología del virus causal y mantener una vigilancia de casos activa.

  14. Effect of increasing the level of alfalfa hay in finishing beef heifer diets on intake, sorting, and feeding behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Madruga, A; González, L A; Mainau, E; Ruíz de la Torre, J L; Rodríguez-Prado, M; Manteca, X; Ferret, A

    2018-02-15

    Eight rumen cannulated Simmental heifers (BW = 281.4 ± 7.28 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental treatments in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design to ascertain the effects of increasing levels of alfalfa hay on intake, sorting, and feeding behavior in comparison to barley straw as forage source. Treatments tested were four total mixed rations with: 1) 10% barley straw (10BS) with 7.0% NDF from forage, 2) 13% alfalfa hay (13AH) and less NDF from forage (5.7%) than 10BS, 3) 16% alfalfa hay (16AH) and the same NDF from forage (7.0%) as 10BS, and 4) 19% alfalfa hay (19AH) and more NDF from forage (8.3%) than 10BS. Each experimental period consisted of 3 wk for adaptation and 1 wk for sampling. Increasing the proportion of alfalfa hay in the diet linearly increased (P comparison to the 10BS diet. In the same way, intake of long, medium, and short particle size was greater in this diet. Moreover, heifers fed 19AH sorted for medium particle size and tended to sort for long and short particles size, and against fine particle size. Sorting behavior and meal length increased in the 19AH diet, which leads us to think that sorting feed ingredients requires time and therefore lengthens the meal. Time spent ruminating was greater in heifers fed 19AH, thus reducing the risk of ruminal acidosis when animals are fed high concentrate diets.

  15. Organic vs. conventional grassland management: do (15)N and (13)C isotopic signatures of hay and soil samples differ?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klaus, Valentin H; Hölzel, Norbert; Prati, Daniel; Schmitt, Barbara; Schöning, Ingo; Schrumpf, Marion; Fischer, Markus; Kleinebecker, Till

    2013-01-01

    Distinguishing organic and conventional products is a major issue of food security and authenticity. Previous studies successfully used stable isotopes to separate organic and conventional products, but up to now, this approach was not tested for organic grassland hay and soil. Moreover, isotopic abundances could be a powerful tool to elucidate differences in ecosystem functioning and driving mechanisms of element cycling in organic and conventional management systems. Here, we studied the δ(15)N and δ(13)C isotopic composition of soil and hay samples of 21 organic and 34 conventional grasslands in two German regions. We also used Δδ(15)N (δ(15)N plant - δ(15)N soil) to characterize nitrogen dynamics. In order to detect temporal trends, isotopic abundances in organic grasslands were related to the time since certification. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was used to test whether the respective management type can be deduced from observed isotopic abundances. Isotopic analyses revealed no significant differences in δ(13)C in hay and δ(15)N in both soil and hay between management types, but showed that δ(13)C abundances were significantly lower in soil of organic compared to conventional grasslands. Δδ(15)N values implied that management types did not substantially differ in nitrogen cycling. Only δ(13)C in soil and hay showed significant negative relationships with the time since certification. Thus, our result suggest that organic grasslands suffered less from drought stress compared to conventional grasslands most likely due to a benefit of higher plant species richness, as previously shown by manipulative biodiversity experiments. Finally, it was possible to correctly classify about two third of the samples according to their management using isotopic abundances in soil and hay. However, as more than half of the organic samples were incorrectly classified, we infer that more research is needed to improve this approach before it can be efficiently

  16. Organic vs. Conventional Grassland Management: Do 15N and 13C Isotopic Signatures of Hay and Soil Samples Differ?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klaus, Valentin H.; Hölzel, Norbert; Prati, Daniel; Schmitt, Barbara; Schöning, Ingo; Schrumpf, Marion; Fischer, Markus; Kleinebecker, Till

    2013-01-01

    Distinguishing organic and conventional products is a major issue of food security and authenticity. Previous studies successfully used stable isotopes to separate organic and conventional products, but up to now, this approach was not tested for organic grassland hay and soil. Moreover, isotopic abundances could be a powerful tool to elucidate differences in ecosystem functioning and driving mechanisms of element cycling in organic and conventional management systems. Here, we studied the δ15N and δ13C isotopic composition of soil and hay samples of 21 organic and 34 conventional grasslands in two German regions. We also used Δδ15N (δ15N plant - δ15N soil) to characterize nitrogen dynamics. In order to detect temporal trends, isotopic abundances in organic grasslands were related to the time since certification. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was used to test whether the respective management type can be deduced from observed isotopic abundances. Isotopic analyses revealed no significant differences in δ13C in hay and δ15N in both soil and hay between management types, but showed that δ13C abundances were significantly lower in soil of organic compared to conventional grasslands. Δδ15N values implied that management types did not substantially differ in nitrogen cycling. Only δ13C in soil and hay showed significant negative relationships with the time since certification. Thus, our result suggest that organic grasslands suffered less from drought stress compared to conventional grasslands most likely due to a benefit of higher plant species richness, as previously shown by manipulative biodiversity experiments. Finally, it was possible to correctly classify about two third of the samples according to their management using isotopic abundances in soil and hay. However, as more than half of the organic samples were incorrectly classified, we infer that more research is needed to improve this approach before it can be efficiently used in practice

  17. Effects of feeding pregnant beef cows selenium-enriched alfalfa hay on selenium status and antibody titers in their newborn calves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wallace, L G; Bobe, G; Vorachek, W R; Dolan, B P; Estill, C T; Pirelli, G J; Hall, J A

    2017-06-01

    In newborn dairy calves, it has been demonstrated that supranutritional maternal and colostral Se supplementation using Se yeast or sodium selenite, respectively, improves passive transfer of IgG. In beef cattle, agronomic biofortification with Se is a more practical alternative for Se supplementation, whereby the Se concentration of hay is increased through the use of Se-containing fertilizer amendments. It has been previously demonstrated that agronomic Se biofortification is an effective strategy to improve immunity and performance in Se-replete weaned beef calves. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding beef cows Se-enriched alfalfa () hay during the last 8 to 12 wk of gestation on passive transfer of antibodies to calves. At 10 wk ± 16 d before calving, 45 cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups with 3 pens (5 cows/pen) per treatment: Control cows were fed non-Se-fortified alfalfa hay plus a mineral supplement containing 120 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite, Med-Se cows were fed alfalfa hay fertilized with 45.0 g Se/ha as sodium selenate, and High-Se cows were fed alfalfa hay fertilized with 89.9 g Se/ha as sodium selenate; both the Med-Se and the High-Se groups received mineral supplement without added Se. Colostrum and whole blood (WB) were collected from cows at calving, and WB was collected from calves within 2 h of calving and at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of age. Concentrations of IgG1 and J-5 antibody in cow colostrum and calf serum were quantified using ELISA procedures. Selenium concentrations linearly increased in WB ( cows and in WB of newborn calves ( cows fed Se-biofortified alfalfa hay, but J-5 antibody ( = 0.43) concentrations were not. Calf serum IgG1 ( = 0.43) and J-5 antibody ( = 0.44) concentrations during the first 48 h of age were not affected by prior Se treatment of cows. These data suggest that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay promotes the accumulation of Se and antibodies in colostrum but does not

  18. Willet M. Hays, great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of our association.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Troyer, A F; Stoehr, H

    2003-01-01

    Willet M. Hays was a great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of the American Genetic Association (AGA). We commemorate the AGA's centennial. We mined university archives, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) yearbooks, plant breeding textbooks, scientific periodicals, and descendants for information. Willet Hays first recognized the individual plant as the unit of selection and started systematic pure-line selection and progeny tests in 1888. He developed useful plant breeding methods. He selected superior flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), wheat (Triticum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties, and discovered Grimm alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.); all became commercially important. He initiated branch stations for better performance testing. Willet Hays befriended colleagues in other universities, in federal stations, in a London conference, and in Europe. He gathered and spread the scientific plant breeding gospel. He also improved rural roads and initiated animal breeding records and agricultural economics records. He started the AGA in 1903, serving as secretary for 10 years. He became assistant secretary of agriculture in 1904. He introduced the project system for agricultural research. He authored or coauthored the Nelson Amendment, the Smith-Lever Act, the Smith-Hughes Act, and the protocol leading to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization-all involved teaching agricultural practices that improved the world.

  19. Desempeño del riego por superficie en el área de riego del Río Mendoza

    OpenAIRE

    Morábito, José

    2003-01-01

    El sector riego representa en Argentina el 70% de todas las extracciones para uso del agua y tiene una eficiencia promedio del 40%, que resulta baja. Entre otros motivos, esto se debe principalmente al predominio de los métodos de riego por escurrimiento superficial sobre aquellos más modernos. Un síntoma de esta ineficiencia generalizada se manifiesta en el hecho de que de los 1,6 millones de hectáreas bajo riego que hay en el país, un tercio tiene problemas de salinización de suelo y/o de d...

  20. Homenaje a Rosario Camacho. Por Antonio Bonet Correa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Bonet Correa

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available En el actual panorama de la Historia del Arte en España hay que tener en cuenta las valiosísimas aportaciones, tanto científicas como literarias, producidas por las numerosas e importantes figuras femeninas dedicadas a la docencia y a la investigación de una disciplina de las ciencias humanas que, con anterioridad, parecía estar exclusivamente en manos de los varones. Sin duda alguna este hecho se debe al cambio general en las costumbres y a la revolución llevada a cabo por las mujeres en la moderna vida social. En lo que, de manera concreta, se refiere al ámbito universitario y al área de la educación, fue una conquista lenta y progresiva a lo largo del siglo XX. En la pasada centuria, fueron las maestras de escuela, formadas en las Escuelas Normales, las que inicialmente se impusieron en la Primera Enseñanza. Después, en la II República, las mujeres accedieron al profesorado de los Institutos de Segunda Enseñanza. Finalmente, al terminar la Guerra Civil, en el último tercio de la pasada centuria, ocuparon los puestos principales de las universidades, centros de investigación, dirección de museos, galerías de arte y ejercieron con rotundo éxito la historia y la crítica de arte.

  1. The bacterial population adherent to plant particles in the rumen of reindeer fed lichen, timothy hay or silage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monica Alterskjær Olsen

    1998-02-01

    Full Text Available Male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus calves taken from a natural winter pasture were given ad lib. access to lichen (n = 3, timothy silage (n = 3 and hay (n = 3 for 7 weeks. Median numbers of viable anaerobic bacteria adherent to the plant particles (cells/g wet weight of rumen solids, growing on a habitat simulating medium (M8V, were significantly higher (P = 0.05 in the rumen of reindeer fed lichen (26.5 x 109- 53.0 x 109 and hay (4.0 x 109- 40.5 x 109, compared to reindeer fed silage (1.15 x 109 - 3.25 x 109. Anaerobic bacterial strains (n = 551 from the plant particles obtained from the rumen of the nine reindeer examined, were isolated using an acid swollen cellulose medium (M8SC and tested for their ability to hydrolyse carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC. The proportion of CMC hydrolysing adherent bacteria isolated from M8SC was significantly higher in reindeer fed hay (21.5% compared ro animals fed lichen (5.3% and silage (2.7% (P = 0.05. The CMC hydrolysing bacterial srrains (n=42 isolated from reindeer fed hay where characterised as non-cellulolytic Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (9.5%, cellulolytic B. fibrisolvens (50.0%, Clostridium sp. (2.4% and unknowns (38.1%, while CMC hydrolysing strains (n=11 isolated from animals fed lichen and strains (n=4 isolated from animals fed silage where all characterised as B. fibrisolvens. None of the bacterial strains isolated from the rumen solids of reindeer fed lichen or silage were found to be cellulolytic. This study suggests that both lichen and timothy silage have a negative influence, compared to hay, on the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria adherent to the plant particles in the rumen of reindeer.

  2. 75 FR 26945 - International Education Programs Service-Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-13

    .... Schools and/or departments of education have a role to play in creating greater exposure since they are... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION International Education Programs Service--Fulbright-Hays Group Projects... Postsecondary Education, Department of Education. ACTION: Notice of proposed priorities. SUMMARY: The Assistant...

  3. Effect of inclusion of oyster mushroom substrate on the in vitro fermentation kinetics of Brachiaria brizantha hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo da Silva Oliveira

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of exhausted substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus on the in vitro fermentation of Brachiaria brizantha hay-based diets. The experiment was conducted using the semi-automated gas production technique. The ruminal inoculum was collected from three fistulated cattle kept on Brachiaria brizantha pasture. Brachiaria brizantha hay and exhausted substrate of Pleurotus production were used for composition of the diets: ES (100% exhausted substrate, BH (100% Brachiaria brizantha hay, ES5 (5% ES + 95% BH, ES20 (20% ES + 80% BH, and ES30 (30% ES + 70% BH. The experimental design was a 5x3 factorial scheme consisting of five treatments and three ruminal inocula. The degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM was determined after 96 hours of fermentation [D (96h]. No significant differences in the cumulative volume of gas (A were observed between BH (262.6 mL/g DM, ES5 (284.3 mL/g MS, ES20 (256.6 mL/g MS and ES30 (261.7 mL/g MS, indicating that inclusion of the substrate did not affect hay fermentation. A lower gas volume (165.9 mL and lower degradability (52% were observed for the ES diet, showing a lower nutritional value of this substrate compared to Brachiaria brizantha hay, probably due to the action of enzymes that degrade structural carbohydrates found in the mycelia of Pleurotus. The ES diet exhibited a shorter colonization time (L=2.6 h; P<0.05, a finding that may be attributed to the interaction between the mycelium and substrate, facilitating initial colonization. The inclusion of exhausted substrate did not increase microbial growth or degradation compared to the BH diet, but seems to have favored initial colonization of this substrate. The use of ES does not negatively affect colonization and may be used as an ingredient of ruminant diets.

  4. Estudio de la incorporación de iones de Er y Nd en galio antimonio crecido por el método Bridgman

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Plaza, J. L.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work the study of GaSb crystals grown by the Bridgman method doped with Er and Nd with different concentrations has been carried out. Atomic absorption analysis have been developed for obtaining the effective segregation coefficient of the two dopants along the growth direction of the material. The resistivity, mobility and density of carriers were obtained by the van der Pauw technique for the different dopant concentrations. The energy dispersive X ray analysis (EDX and the scanning electron microscope (SEM have demonstrated the presence of precipitates made from Sb and rare earth elements for the highest dopant concentrations. Cathodoluminescence (CL analysis have proved that the rare earth elements have a reduction effect of native defects in GaSb.

    En este trabajo se ha realizado el estudio de cristales de GaSb crecidos por el método Bridgman y dopados con Er y Nd con distintas concentraciones. Se han realizado análisis de absorción atómica pudiéndose obtener el coeficiente de segregación efectivo de ambos dopantes a lo largo de la dirección de crecimiento del material. Mediante medidas de efecto Hall se ha determinado el tipo de portadores mayoritarios (huecos así como los valores de la movilidad, la densidad de portadores y la resistividad para cada una de las concentraciones. Los análisis de dispersión de energías de rayos X (EDAX y de microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM han demostrado la presencia de agregados formados por los iones de tierras raras y Sb para las concentraciones de dopante más altas. La reducción de los defectos nativos tales como las vacantes de Ga y Ga en posición de Sb por los iones de Er ha sido también demostrado a través de análisis de catodoluminiscencia.

  5. Asthma, hay fever, and food allergy are associated with caregiver-reported speech disorders in US children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Strom, Mark A; Silverberg, Jonathan I

    2016-09-01

    Children with asthma, hay fever, and food allergy may have several factors that increase their risk of speech disorder, including allergic inflammation, ADD/ADHD, and sleep disturbance. However, few studies have examined a relationship between asthma, allergic disease, and speech disorder. We sought to determine whether asthma, hay fever, and food allergy are associated with speech disorder in children and whether disease severity, sleep disturbance, or ADD/ADHD modified such associations. We analyzed cross-sectional data on 337,285 children aged 2-17 years from 19 US population-based studies, including the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Survey and the 2003/4 and 2007/8 National Survey of Children's Health. In multivariate models, controlling for age, demographic factors, healthcare utilization, and history of eczema, lifetime history of asthma (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.18 [1.04-1.34], p = 0.01), and one-year history of hay fever (1.44 [1.28-1.62], p speech disorder. Children with current (1.37 [1.15-1.59] p = 0.0003) but not past (p = 0.06) asthma had increased risk of speech disorder. In one study that assessed caregiver-reported asthma severity, mild (1.58 [1.20-2.08], p = 0.001) and moderate (2.99 [1.54-3.41], p speech disorder; however, severe asthma was associated with the highest odds of speech disorder (5.70 [2.36-13.78], p = 0.0001). Childhood asthma, hay fever, and food allergy are associated with increased risk of speech disorder. Future prospective studies are needed to characterize the associations. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Consumo de alimentos ricos en azúcar-sal en niños de Las Arenas (Getxo, Bizkaia) por grupos de edad

    OpenAIRE

    Zamacona, Naiara; Rocandio Pablo, Ana María; Municio, Marian; Ansotegui Alday, Laura; Martínez de la Pera, Concepción; Arroyo Izaga, Marta

    2011-01-01

    [ES] El aumento del consumo de grasas y carbohidratos, así como dulces, refrescos, productos industriales y snacks, junto con la disminución de la ingesta de alimentos saludables, y el sedentarismo en los niños, infl uyen en su salud. Hay que prestar especial atención a alimentos que forman parte del estilo de vida actual: “snack”, dulces, bollería o picoteo entre comidas por sus importantes repercusiones. [EUS] Haurrek gantza eta karbohidratoak gero eta gehiago kontsumitzeak, goxoki, fres...

  7. The effect of a hay grid feeder on feed consumption and measurement of the gastric pH using an intragastric electrode device in horses: a preliminary report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aristizabal, F; Nieto, J; Yamout, S; Snyder, J

    2014-07-01

    Obesity and gastric ulceration are highly prevalent in horses. Management modifications for preventing squamous gastric ulceration include frequent feeding and free access to pasture; however, these practices may predispose horses to obesity. To compare the percentage of hay consumed, intragastric pH and horse activity between feeding from the ground and a hay grid feeder. Crossover experimental study. A pH electrode was inserted into the stomach to record the intragastric pH for 48 h. Horses received 1% of their body weight in grass hay twice a day. Horses were assigned to be fed from the ground or a commercial hay grid feeder for 24 h and then switched to the opposite protocol for an additional 24 h. Horses were continuously video-recorded and the percentage of time spent eating or drinking, walking or standing, and lying down were calculated. Two point data were compared by paired t test and pH over time was compared by repeated measures ANOVA. Horses consumed significantly greater amounts of grass hay when fed on the ground compared with a hay grid feeder (n = 9; PpH values (n = 6; P = 0.97), mean intragastric pH over time (n = 6; P = 0.45) the length of time the pH was below 4.0 (n = 6; P = 0.54), and the percentage of time horses spent eating or drinking (n = 9; P = 0.52), walking or standing (n = 9; P = 0.3), or lying down (n = 9; P = 0.4). Within each group horses spent more time eating during the day compared with the night (n = 9; hay grid feeder P = 0.003; ground feeding P = 0.007). The hay grid feeder studied may be used to reduce the amount of hay ingested by horses without reducing the time horses spend eating. © 2013 EVJ Ltd.

  8. The HayWired earthquake scenario—Engineering implications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Detweiler, Shane T.; Wein, Anne M.

    2018-04-18

    The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Engineering Implications is the second volume of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5013, which describes the HayWired scenario, developed by USGS and its partners. The scenario is a hypothetical yet scientifically realistic earthquake sequence that is being used to better understand hazards for the San Francisco Bay region during and after a magnitude-7 earthquake (mainshock) on the Hayward Fault and its aftershocks.Analyses in this volume suggest that (1) 800 deaths and 16,000 nonfatal injuries result from shaking alone, plus property and direct business interruption losses of more than $82 billion from shaking, liquefaction, and landslides; (2) the building code is designed to protect lives, but even if all buildings in the region complied with current building codes, 0.4 percent could collapse, 5 percent could be unsafe to occupy, and 19 percent could have restricted use; (3) people expect, prefer, and would be willing to pay for greater resilience of buildings; (4) more than 22,000 people could require extrication from stalled elevators, and more than 2,400 people could require rescue from collapsed buildings; (5) the average east-bay resident could lose water service for 6 weeks, some for as long as 6 months; (6) older steel-frame high-rise office buildings and new reinforced-concrete residential buildings in downtown San Francisco and Oakland could be unusable for as long as 10 months; (7) about 450 large fires could result in a loss of residential and commercial building floor area equivalent to more than 52,000 single-family homes and cause property (building and content) losses approaching $30 billion; and (8) combining earthquake early warning (ShakeAlert) with “drop, cover, and hold on” actions could prevent as many as 1,500 nonfatal injuries out of 18,000 total estimated nonfatal injuries from shaking and liquefaction hazards.

  9. Shared genetic origin of asthma, hay fever and eczema elucidates allergic disease biology

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ferreira, Manuel A; Vonk, Judith M; Baurecht, Hansjörg; Marenholz, Ingo; Tian, Chao; Hoffman, Joshua D; Helmer, Quinta; Tillander, Annika; Ullemar, Vilhelmina; van Dongen, Jenny; Lu, Yi; Rüschendorf, Franz; Esparza-Gordillo, Jorge; Medway, Chris W; Mountjoy, Edward; Burrows, Kimberley; Hummel, Oliver; Grosche, Sarah; Brumpton, Ben M; Witte, John S; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Willemsen, Gonneke; Zheng, Jie; Rodríguez, Elke; Hotze, Melanie; Franke, Andre; Revez, Joana A; Beesley, Jonathan; Matheson, Melanie C; Dharmage, Shyamali C; Bain, Lisa M; Fritsche, Lars G; Gabrielsen, Maiken E; Balliu, Brunilda; Nielsen, Jonas B; Zhou, Wei; Hveem, Kristian; Langhammer, Arnulf; Holmen, Oddgeir L; Løset, Mari; Abecasis, Gonçalo R; Willer, Cristen J; Arnold, Andreas; Homuth, Georg; Schmidt, Carsten O; Thompson, Philip J; Martin, Nicholas G; Duffy, David L; Novak, Natalija; Boomsma, Dorret I

    2017-01-01

    Asthma, hay fever (or allergic rhinitis) and eczema (or atopic dermatitis) often coexist in the same individuals, partly because of a shared genetic origin. To identify shared risk variants, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS; n = 360,838) of a broad allergic disease phenotype that

  10. Intake and ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing ammoniated buffel grass hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perazzo, Alexandre Fernandes; de Paula Homem Neto, Sansão; Ribeiro, Ossival Lolato; Santos, Edson Mauro; de Carvalho, Gleidson Giordano Pinto; de Oliveira, Juliana Silva; Bezerra, Higor Fábio Carvalho; Campos, Fleming Sena; de Freitas Junior, José Esler

    2017-04-01

    This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets with ammoniated buffel grass hay on the ingestive behavior of feedlot lambs. Thirty-two sheep of no defined breed with an average body weight of 17.7 ± 1.8 kg were used. A completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 18, 36, and 54 g/kg dry matter (DM) basis) and eight repetitions was used. Ingestive behavior, rumination, and idle time were similar (P > 0.05) among the diets containing ammoniated buffel grass hay, with mean values of 294.5, 554.44, and 594.25 min per day, respectively. Regarding the chews, all of the variables resulted in similar behavior (P > 0.05). The quadratic effect (P  0.05) on the efficiency of DM and NDF consumption. However, the rumination efficiency of DM and NDF showed a quadratic effect (P ingestive behavior by increasing the rumination efficiency, increased intake, and feed utilization.

  11. CHANGES OF IMMUNE INDEXES DURING SUBLINGUAL ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH HAY FEVER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. M. Gaiduk

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Aims of study: evaluation of immunological parameters in course of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy with tree pollen mixture in children with hay fever.Materials and methods: the study included one-hundred patients 5 to 18 years of age with hay fever (pollen rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy was administered pre-seasonally for three consecutive years. Cytokinechanges were studied in blood serum and in lavages from nasal cavity. Samples assessed before treatment and after 2nd and 3rd courses SLIT completion.Results: increased serum concentrations of IL-10, IFNγ, and decreased IL-4 contents were revealed in the course of treatment. No significant changes in cytokineconcentrations were detectable in nasal lavages.Conclusions: the changes revealed correspond to a shift of T cell response profile towards Th1 pathway, thus confirming pathogenetic effects of sublingual allergen-specific

  12. Ron Hays: A Story of Art as Self Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Robin M. N.; Hays, Nancy Scheller

    2016-01-01

    Ronald E. Hays is the former Director of the Hahnemann Creative Arts in Therapy Department at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the cofounder of the graduate art therapy program at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia. At the age of 62 he was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. In…

  13. Effects of alfalfa germplasm and stage of maturity on digestive process and productive response of dairy cows fed alfalfa hay-based diets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igino Andrighetto

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The effects on the digestive process and the productive performances of dairy cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay from  different germplasms and maturity were assessed in the present study. Three different lots of first-cut alfalfa hay were  used in the study: the improved variety “Boreal”, harvested at two consecutive maturity stages (early flowering and full  flowering and the ecotype “Vogherese”, at full flowering. Cutting the plant at an earlier stage of maturity improved hay  quality in comparison with the more mature forages (crude protein: 21.4 vs 16.5% DM; P  DM; P  er lignin content for the latter (8.6 vs 8.2% DM; P  tating cows were formulated using an equal amount of corn silage and the maximum inclusion of one of the tested hays  as forage base. The better quality of the early cut hay made it possible to increase its inclusion in the diet up to 44% of  total dietary DM, while the two more mature hays covered only 36% of total DM of the respective diets. According to a  3 x 3 Latin square design, the diets were fed to 3 Italian Brown cows (initial average days in milk 121 ± 24 and milk  yield 20 kg ± 1.3 fitted with ruminal cannula in 3 consecutive periods of 28 d each. Alfalfa stage of maturity and  germplasm did not affect dietary DM intake (average 16 kg/d. Degradability parameters of dietary DM, calculated by in  situ nylon bags technique, showed similar kinetics of rumen disappearance for all diets. No differences were noticed in  the ruminal rate of passage of the solid phase among diets, while the liquid phase showed a slower rate of passage for  the early flowering hay diet. Consistent with the degradation process, the stage of maturity or the alfalfa germplasm did  not affect the rumen fluid data or the in vivo digestibility coefficients of the diets. Milk yield did not show any change due  to either alfalfa maturity or cultivar, while milk protein was lowered when cows received the early cut hay

  14. Wheat straw, household waste and hay as a source of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol and biogas production

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tomczak, Anna; Bruch, Magdalena; Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo

    2010-01-01

    To meet the increasing need for bioenergy three lignocellulosic materials: raw hay, pretreated wheat straw and pretreated household waste were considered for the production of bioethanol and biogas. Several mixtures of household waste supplemented with different fractions of wheat straw and hay...... in fermentation process with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. Wheat straw and household wastes were pretreated using IBUS technology, patented by Dong Energy, which includes milling, stem explosion treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Methane production was investigated using stillages, the effluents...... from bioethanol fermentation experiment. Previous trial of biogas production from above mentioned household wastes was enclosed....

  15. Tratamento do feno de braquiária pelo fungo Pleurotus ostreatus Pretreatment effects on fiber degradation of brachiaria hay by Pleurotus ostreatus fungus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrick Schmidt

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available A inoculação de forragens com fungos lignocelulolíticos é uma opção para melhorar a qualidade destas sem adição de produtos químicos. O tratamento do substrato influencia a ação do fungo e a qualidade final do produto. Neste experimento, aplicaram-se quatro tratamentos (compostagem do feno inteiro, compostagem do feno picado, hidratação do feno em água fria e hidratação do feno em água quente a um feno de Brachiaria decumbens. Aos tratamentos seguiu-se inoculação com o fungo Pleurotus ostreatus e incubação por 35 dias, sob temperatura controlada. Usou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e medidas repetidas. Amostras foram colhidas semanalmente para acompanhar a degradação do substrato, mediante a análise química do feno. Observou-se aumento linear, com o decorrer do tempo, no teor de proteína bruta (PB e na proporção de lignina na parede celular (LIG-FDN, e decréscimo linear nos valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, celulose e hemicelulose. Não se observou efeito de tratamento no teor de FDA. Os tratamentos com compostagem apresentaram maiores valores de PB, lignina e LIG-FDN e menores de FDN e hemicelulose. Não se observou diferença entre os tratamentos com hidratação. O tratamento do feno de braquiária com o fungo propiciou degradação da fração fibrosa e aumento no teor de PB, com efeito mais intenso nos tratamentos que usaram compostagem. A ação do fungo foi mais efetiva sobre a hemicelulose que sobre os demais componentes da fibra.The innoculation of forages with lignocellulolytic fungi is an option for improving quality without adding chemical products. Substrate quality influences fungal activity and endproduct quality. The effects of four treatments (composting of whole hay, composting of chopped hay, soaking in cool water and soaking in hot water on a Brachiaria decumbens hay were evaluated. The treatments were followed by innoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus

  16. Effect of feeding selenium-fertilized alfalfa hay on performance of weaned beef calves.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean A Hall

    Full Text Available Selenium (Se is an essential micronutrient in cattle, and Se-deficiency can affect morbidity and mortality. Calves may have greater Se requirements during periods of stress, such as during the transitional period between weaning and movement to a feedlot. Previously, we showed that feeding Se-fertilized forage increases whole-blood (WB Se concentrations in mature beef cows. Our current objective was to test whether feeding Se-fertilized forage increases WB-Se concentrations and performance in weaned beef calves. Recently weaned beef calves (n = 60 were blocked by body weight, randomly assigned to 4 groups, and fed an alfalfa hay based diet for 7 wk, which was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium-selenate at a rate of 0, 22.5, 45.0, or 89.9 g Se/ha. Blood samples were collected weekly and analyzed for WB-Se concentrations. Body weight and health status of calves were monitored during the 7-wk feeding trial. Increasing application rates of Se fertilizer resulted in increased alfalfa hay Se content for that cutting of alfalfa (0.07, 0.95, 1.55, 3.26 mg Se/kg dry matter for Se application rates of 0, 22.5, 45.0, or 89.9 g Se/ha, respectively. Feeding Se-fertilized alfalfa hay during the 7-wk preconditioning period increased WB-Se concentrations (P Linear<0.001 and body weights (P Linear = 0.002 depending upon the Se-application rate. Based upon our results we suggest that soil-Se fertilization is a potential management tool to improve Se-status and performance in weaned calves in areas with low soil-Se concentrations.

  17. Comparison of hay and haylage from permanent Alpine meadows in winter dairy cow diets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borreani, G; Giaccone, D; Mimosi, A; Tabacco, E

    2007-12-01

    In an Alpine environment, diets based on local forage resources are needed to maintain the link with the territory and confer special characteristics to typical cheeses. Harvesting at a late stage of maturity, high mechanical losses, and frequent rainfall often make the hay that is harvested of a poor quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 different conservation methods (late hay, LH, vs. early haylage, ES) of natural permanent meadows on milk production in dairy cows, on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the milk, and on the quality of the cheese over the winter period. Haylage and hay were harvested from the same permanent meadow at the Vittorino Vezzani experimental farm in Sauze d'Oulx (45 degrees 02'N, 6 degrees 53'E, Italy). The ES forage was cut 4 wk earlier than traditional hay, wilted for 30 h, baled at a dry matter (DM) content of about 50%, wrapped with 6 layers of stretch film, and stored in a protected area. The LH forage was harvested later, when the weather conditions were favorable and, after a 3-d wilting, it was baled and stored indoors. After an 8-mo storage period, the ES had a greater crude protein concentration, organic matter digestibility, and net energy for lactation than LH and a lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Forty multiparous lactating Aosta Red Pied cows were used in a 19-d period crossover design to assess the nutritional value of the stored forages. The diets included ES fed ad libitum and 3.5 kg of DM per cow of concentrate or LH fed ad libitum and 5.1 kg of DM per cow of concentrate. The dietary DM was 90.1% for the LH and 59.9% for the ES. The diets contained 12.6 and 13.0% crude protein and 48.6 and 48.0% neutral detergent fiber, for the LH and ES, respectively. The forage intake was greater in the ES treatment than in the LH treatment. The ES treatment produced more milk (1.7 kg/d) and more 3.5% fat-corrected milk (1.5 kg/d) than the cows on the LH treatment. The

  18. Mental health associations with eczema, asthma and hay fever in children: a cross-sectional survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hammer-Helmich, Lene; Linneberg, Allan; Obel, Carsten; Thomsen, Simon Francis; Tang Møllehave, Line; Glümer, Charlotte

    2016-10-14

    This study aimed to examine the association of eczema, asthma and hay fever with mental health in a general child population and to assess the influence of parental socioeconomic position on these associations. We conducted a cross-sectional health survey of children aged 3, 6, 11 and 15 years in the City of Copenhagen, Denmark. Individual questionnaire data on eczema, asthma, and hay fever and mental health problems assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was linked to register data on demographics and parental socioeconomic position. 9215 (47.9%) children were included in the analyses. Linear regression analyses showed that children with current eczema symptoms had higher SDQ scores (mean difference, 95% CI) of emotional problems (0.26, 0.12 to 0.39), conduct problems (0.19, 0.09 to 0.29) and hyperactivity problems (0.32, 0.16 to 0.48); children with current asthma symptoms had higher SDQ scores of emotional problems (0.45, 0.32 to 0.58), conduct problems (0.28, 0.18 to 0.38) and hyperactivity problems (0.52, 0.35 to 0.69); and children with current hay fever symptoms had higher SDQ scores of emotional problems (0.57, 0.42 to 0.72), conduct problems (0.22, 0.11 to 0.33), hyperactivity problems (0.44, 0.26 to 0.61) and peer problems (0.14, 0.01 to 0.26), compared with children without current symptoms of the relevant disease. For most associations, parental socioeconomic position did not modify the effect. Children with eczema, asthma or hay fever had more emotional, conduct and hyperactivity problems, but not peer problems, compared with children without these diseases. Atopic diseases added equally to the burden of mental health problems independent of socioeconomic position. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

  19. The HayWired Scenario - How Can the San Francisco Bay Region Bounce Back Better?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hudnut, K. W.; Wein, A. M.; Cox, D. A.; Perry, S. C.; Porter, K.; Johnson, L. A.; Strauss, J. A.

    2017-12-01

    The HayWired scenario is a hypothetical yet scientifically realistic and quantitative depiction of a moment magnitude (Mw) 7.0 earthquake occurring on April 18, 2018, at 4:18 p.m. on the Hayward Fault in the east bay part of the San Francisco Bay area, California. The hypothetical earthquake has its epicenter in Oakland, and strong ground shaking from the scenario causes a wide range of severe impacts throughout the greater bay region. In the scenario, the Hayward Fault is ruptured along its length for 83 kilometers (about 52 miles). Building on a decades-long series of efforts to reduce earthquake risk in the SF Bay area, the hypothetical HayWired earthquake is used to examine the well-known earthquake hazard of the Hayward Fault, with a focus on newly emerging vulnerabilities. After a major earthquake disaster, reestablishing water services and food-supply chains are, of course, top priorities. However, problems associated with telecommunication outages or "network congestion" will increase and become more urgent as the bay region deepens its reliance on the "Internet of Things." Communications at all levels are crucial during incident response following an earthquake. Damage to critical facilities (such as power plants) from earthquake shaking and to electrical and telecommunications wires and fiber-optic cables that are severed where they cross a fault rupture can trigger cascading Internet and telecommunications outages, and restoring these services is crucially important for emergency-response coordination. Without good communications, emergency-response efficiency is reduced, and as a result, life-saving response functions can be compromised. For these reasons, the name HayWired was chosen for this scenario to emphasize the need to examine our interconnectedness and reliance on telecommunications and other lifelines (such as water and electricity). Earthquake risk in the SF Bay area has been greatly reduced as a result of previous concerted efforts; for

  20. The influence of feedback on hay pastures. | N.F.G. | African Journal ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The feeding of hay to sheep or cattle on an Eragrostis curvula pasture during the winter months has a most beneficial effect on the response of the pasture to fertilization in subsequent seasons. Low rates of feedback (10 t/ha) had an effect for two seasons whilst the effect of 30 t/ha lasted for at least three seasons and was ...

  1. Interaction of bale size and preservative rate for large-round bales of alfalfa hay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Recently, two studies conducted at the US Dairy Forage Research Center have reported inconsistent storage responses following the application of propionic-acid-based preservatives to alfalfa or alfalfa-orchardgrass hays. One of these studies utilized 5-foot-diameter round bales, and produced disappo...

  2. DEGRADACIÓN DE SUELOS POR ACTIVIDADES ANTRÓPICAS EN EL NORTE DE TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Espinosa Ramírez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La degradación de los suelos es un proceso que puede estar inducido por el hombre y que disminuye la capacidad actual y/o futura para sostener la vida humana. En este trabajo se estudia la Zona II de la Cuenca de Burgos (México con el objetivo de evaluar y conocer los distintos tipos de degradación, originada por la acción antrópica. Para ello se delimitaron los tipos de suelo, se seleccionaron áreas representativas para realizar perfiles de suelos y se evaluó la degradación de los mismos siguiendo la metodología de ASSOD (Van Lyden, 1997. Los resultados muestran como el 74% del área estudiada presenta evidencias de degradación. Los tipos dominantes son: erosión hídrica, compactación y erosión eólica. Las causas principales son el sobrepastoreo y las prácticas agrícolas superficiales, a lo que hay que añadir las actividades industriales recientes de PEMEX. La degradación más acusada se presenta en Calcisoles. Los Leptosoles, por el contrario, tienen menor degradación, pero es en donde se da la mayor actividad industrial.

  3. Divulgación de Informaciones por Segmento: Panorama de la Aplicación del CPC 22

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliandro Schvirck

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de la pesquisa fue trazar un panorama de la divulgación de segmentos en las demostraciones financieras de las compañías abiertas que operan en el Brasil, publicadas en 2010, primer año de vigencia del CPC 22. Para eso se procuró identificar cómo fueron definidos y cuántos son los segmentos publicados, además de analizar tales resultados en relación a características corporativas de la empresa: tamaño, sector de actuación y status de listado de la compañía en los niveles de gobernanza corporativa. Se trata de pesquisa bibliográfica y documental con foco descriptivo. El análisis de los datos fue realizado en notas explicativas de 81 compañías abiertas seleccionadas entre las mayores empresas, en la edición 2010 de la Revista Melhores e Maiores (Mejores y Mayores. El análisis de los datos fue realizado con estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación. Los resultados de la pesquisa mostraron que hay empresas que no hicieron ninguna referencia a informaciones por segmentos. La definición de los segmentos atendió predominantemente al criterio de línea de negocios, y el 27% de las compañías agruparon las actividades en un único segmento. El análisis de la correlación mostró que solamente el tamaño del activo presentó relacionamiento significante y positivo con las características de definición y cantidad de segmentos publicados. Fue constatado que hay gran heterogeneidad en las estructuras de los informes por segmento publicados.

  4. Divulgación de Informaciones por Segmento: Panorama de la Aplicación del CPC 22

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliandro Schvirck

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de la pesquisa fue trazar un panorama de la divulgación de segmentos en las demostraciones financieras de las compañías abiertas que operan en el Brasil, publicadas en 2010, primer año de vigencia del CPC 22. Para eso se procuró identificar cómo fueron definidos y cuántos son los segmentos publicados, además de analizar tales resultados en relación a características corporativas de la empresa: tamaño, sector de actuación y status de listado de la compañía en los niveles de gobernanza corporativa. Se trata de pesquisa bibliográfica y documental con foco descriptivo. El análisis de los datos fue realizado en notas explicativas de 81 compañías abiertas seleccionadas entre las mayores empresas, en la edición 2010 de la Revista Melhores e Maiores (Mejores y Mayores. El análisis de los datos fue realizado con estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación. Los resultados de la pesquisa mostraron que hay empresas que no hicieron ninguna referencia a informaciones por segmentos. La definición de los segmentos atendió predominantemente al criterio de línea de negocios, y el 27% de las compañías agruparon las actividades en un único segmento. El análisis de la correlación mostró que solamente el tamaño del activo presentó relacionamiento significante y positivo con las características de definición y cantidad de segmentos publicados. Fue constatado que hay gran heterogeneidad en las estructuras de los informes por segmento publicados.

  5. Effects of a propionic acid-based preservative on storage characteristics, nutritive value, and energy content for alfalfa hays packaged in large, round bales

    Science.gov (United States)

    During 2009 and 2010, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hays from two cuttings that were harvested from the same field site were used to evaluate the effects of a propionic acid-based preservative on the storage characteristics and nutritive value of hays stored as large, round bales. A total of 87 large...

  6. Intake, Rumen Degradation and Utilisation of Urea-Ammoniated Grass Hay by Kacang Goats as Affected by Supplementation of Sun-dried Fish or Fishmeal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MR Weibsjerg

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Six mature male Kacang goats were involved in an experiment arranged following a duplicate 3 x 3 Latin Square Design. The objectives of this experiment was to study the effect of supplementation of dried fish as compared to fishmeal on intake, digestion, rumen environment and nitrogen used by the local meat type Kacang goats maintained on urea-treated low quality grass hay. The treatments were G: goats were fed with ad libitum access of urea treated grass hay and 100 g/d putak, SDF: G plus 18.4 g sun dried fish, and FM: G plus 19.7 g/d fishmeal. The supplement in SDF and FM were at equal CP level. Intake of urea treated grass hay tended to increase (P=0.08 with supplementation. Dry matter digestibility particularly that of CP was improved by supplementation. Rumen environment was slightly modified by supplementation. Rumen pH was reduced while ammonia concentration was increased. Rumen degradation of the treated grass hay did not differ when incubated in the rumen of goats with different diets. Nitrogen balance was significantly improved (P<0.05 by fishmeal supplementation. In all parameters measured in this experiment, the incremental effects did not differ between fishmeal type. This indicate that there is no further advantage of preparing fishmeal other than sun-drying in improving the utilisation of low quality urea-treated grass hay.

  7. Evaluation of methodological aspects of digestibility meaurements in ponies fed different grass hays

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schaafstra, F.J.W.C.; Doorn, van D.A.; Schonewille, J.T.; Wartena, F.C.; Zoon, van M.; Blok, M.C.; Hendriks, W.H.

    2015-01-01

    Methodological aspects of digestibility measurements of feedstuffs for equines were studied in four Welsh pony geldings consuming four grass-hay diets in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets contained either a low (L), medium (M), high (H), or very high (VH) ADF content (264, 314, 375, or 396 g·kg-1

  8. Tratamiento actual y nuevas terapias contra la infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B

    OpenAIRE

    Gallo E, Simón; Caraballo C, Cesar; Orozco M, Mateo; Muñoz, Octavio Germán

    2017-01-01

    Resumen La infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) es un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Sus consecuencias llegan a ser mortales y el tratamiento actual no ofrece curación sino control de la enfermedad. Las principales limitantes para una cura son la dificultad para destruir el ADN circular covalente cerrado (ADNccc) del virus en el núcleo celular y la presencia de material genético viral integrado en el ADN de la célula hospedera. No obstante, hay múltiples fr...

  9. Prevalencia de la infección por virus de Epstein Barr (VEB) en mujeres gestantes y con aborto, durante las primeras semanas de embarazo

    OpenAIRE

    Mariangel Ramos; César Pérez

    2013-01-01

    El virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) es un agente patógeno común para los humanos y su efecto en la infección vertical es poco estudiado. Durante el embarazo hay riesgo a contraer infecciones que afectan al feto. La infección adquirida antes del nacimiento ocasiona abortos, mortinatos, malformaciones, retraso en el crecimiento intrauterino, prematuridad y secuelas por infección postnatal crónica. Los efectos inmediatos o a largo plazo representan un problema a nivel mundial. Durante el embarazo se ...

  10. Mixing and photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter in the Nelson/Hayes estuarine system (Hudson Bay, Canada)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guéguen, C.; Mokhtar, M.; Perroud, A.; McCullough, G.; Papakyriakou, T.

    2016-09-01

    This work presents the results of a 4-year study (2009-2012) investigating the mixing and photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Nelson/Hayes estuary (Hudson Bay). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), colored DOM, and humic-like DOM decreased with increasing salinity (r2 = 0.70-0.84). Removal of DOM was noticeable at low to mid salinity range, likely due to degradation and/or adsorption to particles. DOM photobleaching rates (i.e., decrease in DOM signal resulting from exposure to solar radiation) ranged from 0.005 to 0.030 h- 1, corresponding to half-lives of 4.9-9.9 days. Dissolved organic matter from the Nelson and Hayes Rivers was more photoreactive than from the estuary where the photodegradation of terrestrial DOM decreased with increasing salinity. Coincident with the loss of CDOM absorption was an increase in spectral slope S, suggesting a decrease in DOM molecular weight. Marked differences in photoreactivity of protein- and humic-like DOM were observed with highly humidified material being the most photosensitive. Information generated by our study will provide a valuable data set for better understanding the impacts of future hydroelectric development and climate change on DOM biogeochemical dynamics in the Nelson/Hayes estuary and coastal domain. This study will constitute a reference on terrestrial DOM fate prior to building additional generating capacity on the Nelson River.

  11. Economic consequences of earthquakes: bridging research and practice with HayWired

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wein, A. M.; Kroll, C.

    2016-12-01

    The U.S. Geological Survey partners with organizations and experts to develop multiple hazard scenarios. The HayWired earthquake scenario refers to a rupture of the Hayward fault in the Bay Area of California and addresses the potential chaos related to interconnectedness at many levels: the fault afterslip and aftershocks, interdependencies of lifelines, wired/wireless technology, communities at risk, and ripple effects throughout today's digital economy. The scenario is intended for diverse audiences. HayWired analyses translate earthquake hazards (surface rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction, landslides) into physical engineering and environmental health impacts, and into societal consequences. Damages to life and property and lifeline service disruptions are direct causes of business interruption. Economic models are used to estimate the economic impacts and resilience in the regional economy. The objective of the economic analysis is to inform policy discourse about economic resilience at all three levels of the economy: macro, meso, and micro. Stakeholders include businesses, economic development, and community leaders. Previous scenario analyses indicate the size of an event: large earthquakes and large winter storms are both "big ones" for California. They motivate actions to reduce the losses from fire following earthquake and water supply outages. They show the effect that resilience can have on reducing economic losses. Evaluators find that stakeholders learned the most about the economic consequences.

  12. Viga on öelda, et me ei vaja PRi / Roger Hayes, Alasdair Sutherland ; interv. Tiiu Värbu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hayes, Roger

    2001-01-01

    Eesti Suhtekorraldajate Liidu 5. aastapäeva seminaril osalevad Rahvusvahelise Kommunikatsiooni Instituudi direktor R. Hayes ja maailma ühe juhtiva suhtekorraldusfirma Manning, Selvage & Lee asepresident A. Sutherland

  13. Los Carritos Por Puesto de Maracaibo: incongruencias entre objetivos políticos y objetivos técnicos en políticas públicas en transporte urbano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joheni Urdaneta

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available El servicio de transporte público urbano del Municipio Maracaibo presenta gran variedad en sus modos de transporte: autobuses, microbuses, y carritos por puesto: carros de cinco puestos cuya vida promedio es de 30 años. El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar porqué el carrito por puesto continúa siendo uno de los principales modos de transporte. La metodología consiste en la revisión documental y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a funcionarios, transportistas y ciudadanos. Los resultados revelan que hay un componente complejo que involucra lo socio-cultural, político y económico que no ha sido tomando en cuenta para la formación e implantación de una política de transporte urbano.

  14. Microbial load and phytochemicals stability of camel hay (Cymbopogon Schoenanthus L) leaves as affected by gamma irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Musa, H. A. A.; Ahmed, E. E.; Osman, G. A. M.; Ludwig-muller, J.

    2010-01-01

    The influence of gamma irradiation on microbial load and chemical quality of camel hay (Cymbopogon schoenanthus) leaves was evaluated at doses of 0, 5,10, and 15 kGy in a cobalt-60 package irradiator. The results revealed that, immediately after irradiation, gamma irradiation was found to cause significant reduction in microbial load proportionate to the doses delivered. TLC analysis indicated that irradiation of camel hay leaves extract with 15 kGy doses of gamma radiation had no effect on flavonoids concentrations, however, increase in total phenols and tannins was observed. In addition, the chemical constituents of camel hay leaves as represented by HPLC retention time (min) at different wave lengths showed that the compounds of retention time 8.42, 29.08, 8.38, 16.93, 14.80 and 42.80 min remained approximately unchanged, while the compound of retention times 16.95 min was eliminated. The compounds of retention times 9.66, 2.03 and 29.35 min were decreased from 16.56 to 11.77, 14.06 to 9.88 and 8.25 to 2.88 min respectively. An increase in the chemical constituents, was observed in the compounds of the retention times 14.37 and 35.42 min from 33.76 to 40.11 and 5.64 to 10.05, respectively. (Author)

  15. Fricção em braquetes gerada por fios de aço inoxidável, superelásticos com IonGuard e sem IonGuard Friction force on brackets generated by stainless steel wire and superelastic wires with and without IonGuard

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Carlos Campos Braga

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a fricção no braquete (Roth, Composite, 10.17.005, 3,2mm, largura 0,022" x 0,030", Torque -2° e angulação +13°, Morelli®, Brasil, utilizando fios ortodônticos retangulares de 0,019" x 0,025" de aço inoxidável (Morelli®, Brasil e de níquel-titânio superelásticos Bioforce com IonGuard e sem IonGuard (Bioforce, GAC®, EUA. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 24 conjuntos braquetes/segmento de fio, divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com o fio. Cada conjunto braquete/segmento de fio foi testado 3 vezes e obtida uma média. Os ensaios foram realizados em máquina universal de ensaios EMIC DL2000®. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância com significância de 95%. RESULTADOS: o fio retangular Bioforce com IonGuard apresentou fricção significativamente menor que o Bioforce sem IonGuard, porém sem diferença do fio de aço inoxidável. Entretanto, o coeficiente de variação dos fios Bioforce com e sem IonGuard foi menor que o do fio de aço inoxidável. CONCLUSÃO: os fios retangulares de 0,019" x 0,025" Bioforce com IonGuard apresentam menor fricção que o fio Bioforce sem IonGuard, sem diferença para o fio de aço inoxidável.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the friction forces on brackets (Roth, Composite, 10.17.005, 3.2 mm, width 0.022" x 0.030 ", Torque -2° and angulation +13°, Morelli®, Brazil, with stainless steel orthodontic rectangular wire (Morelli®, Brazil and nickel titanium superelastic Bioforce wires with and without IonGuard (Bioforce, GAC®, USA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four brackets/wire segment combinations were used, distributed into three groups according to the orthodontic wire. Each bracket/wire segment combination was tested three times. The tests were performed in a universal testing machine Emic DL2000®. The data was submitted to ANOVA one way followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05. RESULTS: The rectangular orthodontic Bioforce wire

  16. ¿POR QUÉ DEFENDER LA CIENCIA EN COLOMBIA?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Forero González

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Un grupo de nuestros más destacados científicos le cuenta a la sociedad colombiana por qué es necesario defender la ciencia en el país, demuestra con lujo de detalles porqué este tema se considera importante y se refiere a la forma como los países más avanzados del mundo han alcanzado esos niveles de desarrollo gracias a sus inversiones en educación, ciencia y tecnología. También, llama la atención sobre el hecho que la clase política tiene el deber ético de hacer políticas sobre ciencia, tecnología e innovación fundamentándose en los planteamientos de los académicos. En efecto, cuando se definen políticas como las contenidas en el documento Conpes de Competitividad, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación sin la participación de la comunidad académica, el resultado siempre es deficiente. Adicionalmente, así como el documento Conpes no deja tranquila a la comunidad científica, el Sistema Nacional de Regalías también produce muchas dudas y preocupaciones, por lo cual se sugiere que se piense desde el Senado en una reforma a ese sistema para que, por ejemplo, la evaluación y posterior aprobación de los proyectos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación sean definidas sobre una base académica, no política.

    Para comenzar, da la impresión que, en general, las políticas gubernamentales ignoran por completo a la comunidad académica. En días recientes recibí una invitación por parte del Departamento Nacional de Planeación para el lanzamiento del Plan Maestro de la Orinoquia, ‘una estrategia integral con proyección para el año 2030, para el desarrollo regional, con un enfoque diferenciado que involucra la articulación Nación-Territorio’, pero entre los conferencistas invitados no había ni un sólo representante de la comunidad científica o académica. Sin embargo, cabe señalar que no hay área de importancia para el país que no sea impactada por las contribuciones de las ciencias básicas: la salud, el

  17. A single dose desensitization for summer hay fever. Results of a double blind study-1988.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fell, P; Brostoff, J

    1990-01-01

    A new type of desensitising vaccine, enzyme potentiated was subjected to a double-blind randomised study during the hay fever season. The vaccine is a convenient single injection given in March and the results show good protection throughout the grass pollen season.

  18. El interés público por la calidad: homogeneidad en los criterios de evaluación y respeto a la pluralidad de proyectos institucionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo De Vincenzi

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Hay temas cuya importancia y vigencia requieren una participación activa de la comunidad interesada. Distintos puntos de vista, opiniones, propuestas, alternativas son parte de los distintos resultados que pueden obtenerse si se logra la participación activa. La sección "Debate en DEBATE" es un espacio para el intercambio de ideas y propuestas en diversos temas de importancia nacional e internacional en la educación superior. En este número se publican dos textos producidos por Graciela Giménez y Juan Carlos del Bello y por Rodolfo De Vincenzi sobre las carreras reguladas por el artúclo 43 de la Ley de Educación Superior.Dentro de la página web, en la opción "Postear un comentario", pueden registrarse todas las colaboraciones, opiniones y propuestas. Se invita a nuestros lectores a contribuir al intercambio de ideas que enriquezcan el panorama sobre el tema.

  19. Digestibility and performance of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Greicy Mitzi Bezerra Moreno

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, water balance, and performance of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay associated with a concentrate. Thirty-two castrated feedlot Santa Inês lambs at approximately eight months of age, with 22 ± 1.97 kg body weight, were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design. Acid detergent fiber intake increased (P < 0.05, whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates intake decreased (P < 0.01. Inclusion of old man saltbush in the diet reduced (P < 0.01 the digestibility of dry and organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The intakes of digestible dry and organic matter, ether extract, total carbohydrates, and digestible non-fibrous carbohydrates also decreased (P < 0.01. Inclusion of old man saltbush did not influence water consumption from the trough by the sheep, averaging 4,327.20 mL/day?1. Body weight at slaughter and daily weight gain decreased linearly (P < 0.05 and feed conversion worsened as old man saltbush hay was added to the diet. Inclusion of old man saltbush at up to 40% replacing the concentrate in feedlot lamb diets does not compromise the performance of these animals.

  20. Hay-Wells syndrome is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the SAM domain of p63.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    McGrath, J.A.; Duijf, P.H.; Doetsch, V.; Irvine, A.D.; Waal, R.M.W. de; Vanmolkot, K.R.; Wessagowit, V.; Kelly, A.E.; Atherton, D.J.; Griffiths, W.A.; Orlow, S.J.; Haeringen, A. van; Ausems, M.G.E.M.; Yang, A.; McKeon, F.; Bamshad, M.; Brunner, H.G.; Hamel, B.C.J.; Bokhoven, J.H.L.M. van

    2001-01-01

    Hay-Wells syndrome, also known as ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (AEC) syndrome (OMIM 106260), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital ectodermal dysplasia, including alopecia, scalp infections, dystrophic nails, hypodontia, ankyloblepharon and cleft lip

  1. Hay-Wells syndrome is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the SAM domain of p63

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    McGrath, JA; Duijf, PHG; Doetsch, [No Value; Irvine, AD; de Waal, R; Vanmolkot, KRJ; Wessagowit, [No Value; Kelly, A; Atherton, DJ; Griffiths, WAD; Orlow, SJ; van Haeringen, A; Ausems, MGEM; Yang, A; McKeon, F; Bamshad, MA; Brunner, HG; Hamel, BCJ; van Bokhoven, H

    2001-01-01

    Hay-Wells syndrome, also known as ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (AEC) syndrome (OMIM 106260), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital ectodermal dysplasia, including alopecia, scalp infections, dystrophic nails, hypodontia, ankyloblepharon and cleft lip

  2. Removal of adsorbent particles od copper ions by Jet flotation; Remocion de particulas adsorbentes de iones cobre por flotacion Jet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santander, M.; Tapia, P.; Pavez, O.; Valderrama, L.; Guzman, D.

    2009-07-01

    The present study shows the results obtained on the removal of copper ions from synthetic effluents by using the adsorbent particles flotation technique (APF) in a Jet flotation cell (Jameson type). In a typical experimental run, a mineral with high quartz content was used as adsorbent particles in the adsorption and flotation experiments, to determine optimal pH conditions, adsorbent particles concentration; flotation reagents dosage and air/effluent flow ratio for applying in the Jet cell to maximize the efficiency of copper ions adsorptions and the removal of particles adsorbents containing the absorbed copper ions. The results indicate the at pH>7 and at adsorbent particles concentration of 2 kg.m{sup -}3, 99% of copper ions is adsorbed and, when the air/effluent flow ratio applied in the Jet cell is 0,2, 98% of absorbent particles containing the adsorbed copper ions is removed. (Author) 39 refs.

  3. Modelación simple y operativa de la distribución del carbono orgánico por fracciones físicas en los suelos

    OpenAIRE

    Fernando Paz; Sara Covaleda; Claudia Hidalgo; Jorge Etchevers; Francisco Matus

    2016-01-01

    Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) son importantes para estudiar cambios en los ecosistemas terrestres. Hay modelos simples que, ofrecen la oportunidad de analizar la dinámica de las alteraciones provocadas por los cambios en el uso de suelo, la vegetación y las prácticas de manejo. En México se dispone de información del COS total y la textura del suelo. En el presente trabajo se analizan diferentes esquemas para parametrizar el modelo COL...

  4. Alteraciones de los bosques nativos en el norte argentino: normativas y mecanismos de compensación por servicios ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Luna

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Los recursos naturales conforman los insumos de cualquier actividad económica desarrollada por el hombre; pero es una realidad que la mayoría de los ecosistemas forestales nativos de Argentina presentan desde serias alteraciones con su consecuente pérdida de biodiversidad; no hay mejor estrategia de política ambiental que aquélla que concurra simultáneamente a resolver los problemas ambientales y los socio-económicos con la insustituible acción del Estado. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la situación de los bosques del norte argentino luego de la ley de presupuestos mínimos para la protección ambiental de los mismos; para conocer en profundidad los procesos asociados a su alteración, las normativas vigentes para su protección y uso sustentable, como así también los mecanismos de compensación por servicios ambientales que surgen a partir de ellos.

  5. 1.8. Brand*, HA Badenhorst, FK 8iebrits and EH Kemm JP Hayes et ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Brand*, H.A. Badenhorst, F.K. 8iebrits and E.H. Kemm. Animal and Dairy Science Research Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 1675, Republic of South Africa. J.P. Hayes. Department of Poultry Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, Republic of South Africa. The experiment was conducted to compare the ...

  6. Digestibility of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)-based diets supplemented with four levels of Gliricidia sepium hay in hair sheep lambs

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Avilés-Nieto, Jonathan N.; Valle-Cerdán, José L.; Castrejón-Pineda, Francisco

    2013-01-01

    The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing increasing levels of Gliricidia sepium hay (GS) with different levels of inclusion of Buffel grass (BG) hay on digestibility by hair sheep lambs (2.5 to 3.5 months of age). Eight male lambs were used in a replicated 4 × 4...... were not affected by treatments. The intake of crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), and gross energy was higher (P lambs fed with T4 diet than control. NDF and ADF digestibilities were higher (P

  7. Análisis del desempeño financiero por regiones de Colombia 2009- 2012: un enfoque de evaluación de competitividad territorial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Castaño Ríos

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la evaluación del desempeño financiero empresarial por regiones en Colombia para el período 2009-2012, a partir del análisis financiero integral, con un enfoque desde la competitividad territorial. Se utilizó la información financiera reportada ante la Superintendencia de Sociedades, la cual se clasificó en las cinco grandes regiones del país. Se encontró que la región amazónica tiene dificultades para obtener financiamiento a largo plazo; en la zona andina el EBITDA es más alto y hay mayor capacidad de generación de efectivo, y por último, el Caribe presenta el mayor ciclo operacional y la más baja rentabilidad, lo que afecta su competitividad.

  8. Comportamiento higiénico-sanitario de pacientes con diagnóstico de úlcera gastroduodenal por Helicobacter pylori

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Jesús Suárez Rivera

    Full Text Available Introducción: actualmente la infección por Helicobacter pylori constituye la infección crónica más extensamente difundida en la especie humana, la cual puede cursar como síndrome dispéptico funcional u orgánico, gastritis, úlcera gastroduodenal y con síntomas subjetivos de cáncer gástrico. Diferentes estudios epidemiológicos cifran prácticamente en el 95 % de los casos la asociación entre úlcera duodenal e infección por Helicobacter pylori. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de algunas variables higiénicas-sanitarias en pacientes con úlceras gastroduodenales por Helicobacter pylori. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de corte transversal a 908 pacientes con diagnóstico de úlcera péptica y positiva al test rápido de ureasa, en el período comprendido desde enero de 2007 hasta diciembre de 2008, en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral del municipio «Rafael Urdaneta», estado Miranda, República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes que mantenían una higiene alimentaria inadecuada; los que no hervían el agua para tomar; y los que compartían los cubiertos sin previo lavado, elementos que pueden favorecer la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Conclusiones: hay estrecha relación entre la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el hábito higiénico, siendo más frecuente en los pacientes con hábito higiénico inadecuado.

  9. Replacing cottonseed meal with ground Prosopis juliflora pods; effect on intake, weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar sheep fed pasture hay basal diet.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yasin, Mohammed; Animut, Getachew

    2014-08-01

    The experiment was conducted to determine the supplementary feeding value of ground Prosopis juliflora pod (Pjp) and cottonseed meal (CSM) and their mixtures on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar sheep fed a basal diet of pasture hay. Twenty-five yearling fat-tailed Afar rams with mean initial live weight 17.24 ± 1.76 kg (mean ± SD) were used in a randomized complete block design. Animals were blocked on their initial body weight. The experiment was conducted for 12 weeks and carcass evaluation followed. Treatments were hay alone ad libitum (T 1) or with 300 g CSM (T 2), 300 g Pjp (T 5), 2:1 ratio (T 3) and 1:2 ratio of CSM : Pjp (T 4). The CP contents of the hay, CSM and Pjp were 10.5, 44.5 and 16.7 %, respectively. Hay DM intake was higher (P < 0.05) for non-supplemented and total DM intake was lower in non-supplemented. Average daily weight gain (ADG) was lower (P < 0.05) for T 1 compared to all supplemented treatments except T 5. Hot carcass weight and rib-eye muscle area also followed the same trend like that of ADG. Compared with feeding hay alone, supplementing with CSM or a mixture of CSM and Pjp appeared to be a better feeding strategy, biologically, for yearling Afar rams.

  10. Retention of oral microorganisms on conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements Retenção de microrganismos bucais em cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais e modificados por resina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise PEDRINI

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Secondary caries are a worldwide public and socioeconomic problem. The placement of restorations can lead to the development of environmental conditions favorable to microbial colonization, especially on the tooth/restoration interface, which is a predisposing factor for secondary caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial retention on conventional (Chelon-Fil and Vidrion R and resin-modified (Vitremer and Fuji II LC glass-ionomer cements, in situ, using a hybrid composite resin (Z100 as a control. Twelve volunteers wore Hawley appliances with specimens made of all tested filling materials for 7 days. The specimens were then removed from the appliances and transferred to tubes containing 2.0 ml of Ringer-PRAS. Microorganisms from the samples were inoculated onto blood agar and Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar and incubated under anaerobiosis (90% N2, 10% CO2, at 37°C, for 10 and 2 days, respectively. The resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and the composite resin retained the same levels of microorganisms on their surfaces. The resin-modified glass-ionomers retained less mutans streptococci than the composite resin and conventional glass-ionomer cements. The conventional glass-ionomer cements retained less mutans streptococci than the composite resin, but that difference was not statistically significant.A cárie secundária representa problema de saúde pública e socioeconômico no mundo. A restauração de dentes acometidos por cárie pode criar condições favoráveis à proliferação microbiana na superfície do material restaurador ou na interface dente/restauração, criando ambiente propício para o estabelecimento de cárie secundária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de retenção de placa bacteriana em cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais (Chelon-Fil e Vidrion R e modificados por resina (Vitremer e Fuji II LC e de resina composta híbrida (Z100, utilizada como controle. Nos testes de reten

  11. Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ben Salem, H. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourrageres, Ariana (Tunisia)]. E-mail: bensalem.hichem@iresa.agrinet.tn; Nefzaouia, A.; Ben Salem, I. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourrageres, Ariana (Tunisia); Makkar, H.P.S. [Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Hochlef, H. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourrageres, Ariana (Tunisia); Ecole Superieure d' Agriculture de Mateur, Mateur (Tunisia); Ben Salem, L. [Office de l' Elevage et des Paturages, Tunis (Tunisia)

    2005-08-19

    Our objective was to determine whether experience early in life and adaptation time (up to 72 days) to tannin-rich diets affect feed intake, digestion, nitrogen balance, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl., acacia) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets later in life. Twelve experienced lambs (live-weight, LW: 13.2 {+-} 2.0 kg) were divided into two equal groups. Each group received air-dried acacia (tannin-containing diet) or oaten hay (hay, tannin free-diet) ad libitum. Twelve other inexperienced lambs (LW 12.3 {+-} 2.5 kg) were also divided into two equal groups. Each group received one of the above two diets. All animals were 4 months old at the start of this experiment and were supplemented with 300 g concentrate. To investigate the carry-over effect of tannins, the acacia-diet was removed on day 73, thus all lambs received thereafter the hay-diet for a further 24 days before starting a 6-day faecal collection period. Irrespective to early experience and adaptation time, the nutritive value of hay-diet was higher than that of acacia-diet and consequently lambs given hay performed better than those receiving acacia (P = 0.0001). Animals exposed to tannins early in life exhibited higher digestible crude protein intake (P = 0.0389), retained more N (P = 0.0963) and excreted more allantoin in urine (P = 0.0248) than the inexperienced lambs. Except plasma urea (P = 0.2923), the adaptation period to experimental diets affected significantly all measured parameters (P 0.0001). Animals adapted to diets for only 6 days exhibited the lowest acacia or hay intake and the highest diet digestibility compared to those adapted to these diets for 24, 48 or 72 days. Weight losses of inexperienced lambs adapted to acacia-diet for 6 days were associated with negative nitrogen balance. Sheep which received the acacia-diet, followed by the hay diet, had similar hay intake, diet digestibility, N balance and growth rate as compared to those

  12. Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ben Salem, H.; Nefzaouia, A.; Ben Salem, I.; Makkar, H.P.S.; Hochlef, H.; Ben Salem, L.

    2005-01-01

    Our objective was to determine whether experience early in life and adaptation time (up to 72 days) to tannin-rich diets affect feed intake, digestion, nitrogen balance, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl., acacia) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets later in life. Twelve experienced lambs (live-weight, LW: 13.2 ± 2.0 kg) were divided into two equal groups. Each group received air-dried acacia (tannin-containing diet) or oaten hay (hay, tannin free-diet) ad libitum. Twelve other inexperienced lambs (LW 12.3 ± 2.5 kg) were also divided into two equal groups. Each group received one of the above two diets. All animals were 4 months old at the start of this experiment and were supplemented with 300 g concentrate. To investigate the carry-over effect of tannins, the acacia-diet was removed on day 73, thus all lambs received thereafter the hay-diet for a further 24 days before starting a 6-day faecal collection period. Irrespective to early experience and adaptation time, the nutritive value of hay-diet was higher than that of acacia-diet and consequently lambs given hay performed better than those receiving acacia (P = 0.0001). Animals exposed to tannins early in life exhibited higher digestible crude protein intake (P = 0.0389), retained more N (P = 0.0963) and excreted more allantoin in urine (P = 0.0248) than the inexperienced lambs. Except plasma urea (P = 0.2923), the adaptation period to experimental diets affected significantly all measured parameters (P 0.0001). Animals adapted to diets for only 6 days exhibited the lowest acacia or hay intake and the highest diet digestibility compared to those adapted to these diets for 24, 48 or 72 days. Weight losses of inexperienced lambs adapted to acacia-diet for 6 days were associated with negative nitrogen balance. Sheep which received the acacia-diet, followed by the hay diet, had similar hay intake, diet digestibility, N balance and growth rate as compared to those offered

  13. Electro-microscopic observations of liver lesions after intravenous inoculation of mouldy hay extracts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shadmi, A; Griffel, B

    1985-01-01

    With the aid of the electron microscope, a number of histopathological changes in the liver of mice caused by mycotoxins from mouldy hay were examined and studied. These changes were observed in the mitochondria, the cell nucleus, and the cell membranes, and included fatty and parenchymal degeneration, plasma granulation, vacuolisation and vesiculation, glycogen secretion, incorporation into RNA, karyolysis and karyolaxis, and space of Disse constriction.

  14. Daniel Prieto Castillo y la utopía pedagógica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kintto Lucas

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En la entrevista realizada a Daniel Prieto Castillo, éste afirma que entre lo que produce la cultura, las prácticas, los saberes y quienes están en situación de aprender siempre hay mediaciones sociales. Al opinar sobre la educación alternativa dice que hay una explosión de lo alternativo porque hay una explosión de la sociedad civil en todos, los campos. Discrepa de los programas infantiles como el dirigido por XUXA por su terrible violencia referida a la saturación de sonido de la animadora no hay silencio, pausa o respiro solo gritos, es de un manipuleo insoportable.

  15. Degradabilidade ruminal do feno de alguns alimentos volumosos para ruminantes Ruminal degradability of some roughage hays for ruminants feeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.G.P. Carvalho

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca (MS, proteína bruta (PB, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA e hemicelulose dos fenos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, palma (Opuntia ficus, guandu (Cajanus cajan e parte aérea da mandioca (Manihot esculenta utilizando três bovinos mestiços machos, castrados, canulados no rúmen e mantidos em regime de pasto. Amostras de 4g de cada alimento foram incubadas em duplicata no rúmen dos animais, nos períodos de 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 e 72 horas. A degradabilidade potencial da PB dos fenos de capim-elefante e guandu foi semelhante, 83,9 e 81,2%, respectivamente. Os maiores valores foram observados para os fenos de palma (94,2% e parte aérea da mandioca (91,7%. A degradabilidade efetiva (DE foi obtida considerando as taxas de passagem de 2, 5 e 8%/hora. A maior DE observada para MS (60,5%, PB (81,1%, FDN (21,6%, FDA (27,9% e HEM (58,0%, na taxa de passagem de 5%/h, ocorreu com o feno de palma.The ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF and hemicellulose (HEM of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, forage cactus (Opuntia ficus, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan and cassava foliage (Manihot esculenta hays was evaluated using three cannulated crossbred steers, kept on pasture. Samples of four grams of each hay were incubated in the rumen for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. The CP potential degradability (PD for elephantgrass and pigeon pea hays was similar, 83.9 and 81.2%, respectively. Higher values were observed either for forage cactus (94.2% or cassava foliage (91.7% hays. The effective degradability (ED was obtained considering the passage rates of 2, 5 and 8%/hour. The forage cactus hay, at a passage rate of 5%/h, showed the highest ED for DM (60.5%, CP (81.1%, NDF (21.6%, ADF (27.9% and HEM (58.0%.

  16. Evaluación de la oxidación superficial de recubrimientos de Ti6Al4V obtenidos por recubrimiento por láser

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Candel, J. J.

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available It has been studied the influence of processing parameters on the superficial oxidation and mechanical properties of different coatings of Ti6Al4V. The high chemical reactivity of titanium powder, and the high temperature reached during laser processing, produces a great variety of colors in the oxides formed. This oxidation can have a detrimental effect on the behavior in service so that its evaluation is essential. Although the influence of processing on the color of the oxides formed is clear, there is no simple relationship to explain its mechanical properties. For this reason it has been applied a methodology based on microscopy, microanalysis wavelength spectroscopy (WDS and nanoindentation. The results indicate no significant differences in hardness and elastic modulus between two coatings with different colors of oxidation.

    Se ha estudiado la influencia de los parámetros de procesado sobre la oxidación superficial y propiedades mecánicas de diferentes recubrimientos de Ti6Al4V. La gran reactividad química del polvo de titanio junto a la elevada temperatura que se alcanza producen gran variedad de colores en los óxidos formados. Esta oxidación puede tener un efecto perjudicial sobre el comportamiento en servicio, por lo que su evaluación es fundamental. Aunque la influencia del procesado en el color de los óxidos formados es clara, no existe una relación sencilla que explique sus propiedades mecánicas. Por ese motivo se ha seguido una metodología basada en la microscopia, microanálisis por espectroscopia de longitud de onda (WDS y nanoindentación. Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias importantes en la dureza y módulo elástico entre dos recubrimientos que presentan diferentes colores de oxidación.

  17. Sin Tierras No Hay Paraíso: Turismo, organizaciones agrarias y apropiación territorial en México. Gustavo Marín Guardado (Coordinador. El Sauzal, Tenerife.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maximiliano E Korstanje

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Sin Tierras No Hay Paraíso se sitúa como un trabajo editado por el profesor Marín Guardado que convoca 10 excelentes capítulos donde queda en evidencia esa tensión primigenia entre tierras orientadas al trabajo, y esta suerte de centros ejemplares ideológicamente orquestados para reforzar la superioridad de una clase sobre el resto de la sociedad.  En dicho proceso, y lejos de generar un crecimiento sustentable, el turismo monopoliza el uso de ciertas tierras creando serios efectos indeseados en zonas enteramente dedicadas a la agricultura. La lucha de las organizaciones agrarias en México por permanecer en las tierras que históricamente les pertenecían es inversamente proporcional a la voracidad empresaria del capitalismo moderno. Una de las grandes falencias de los estudios turísticos consiste en la sobrevaloración del turismo como un organizador social y geográfico, ciertamente con fallas que deben ser corregidas pero trivializando los alcances de los estudios postmarxistas los cuales han denunciado como los procesos de re-territorialización esconden una lógica de la “expropiación” y/o transferencia de riqueza.

  18. A Systems Biology Approach Reveals Differences in the Dynamics of Colonization and Degradation of Grass vs. Hay by Rumen Microbes with Minor Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Belanche

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Increasing the efficiency of utilization of fresh and preserved forage is a key target for ruminant science. Vitamin E is often used as additive to improve product quality but its impact of the rumen function is unknown. This study investigated the successional microbial colonization of ryegrass (GRA vs. ryegrass hay (HAY in presence of zero or 50 IU/d supplementary vitamin E, using a rumen simulation technique. A holistic approach was used to link the dynamics of feed degradation with the structure of the liquid-associated (LAB and solid-associated bacteria (SAB. Results showed that forage colonization by SAB was a tri-phasic process highly affected by the forage conservation method: Early colonization (0–2 h after feeding by rumen microbes was 2× faster for GRA than HAY diets and dominated by Lactobacillus and Prevotella which promoted increased levels of lactate (+56% and ammonia (+18%. HAY diets had lower DM degradation (-72% during this interval being Streptococcus particularly abundant. During secondary colonization (4–8 h the SAB community increased in size and decreased in diversity as the secondary colonizers took over (Pseudobutyrivibrio promoting the biggest differences in the metabolomics profile between diets. Secondary colonization was 3× slower for HAY vs. GRA diets, but this delay was compensated by a greater bacterial diversity (+197 OTUs and network complexity resulting in similar feed degradations. Tertiary colonization (>8 h consisted of a slowdown in the colonization process and simplification of the bacterial network. This slowdown was less evident for HAY diets which had higher levels of tertiary colonizers (Butyrivibrio and Ruminococcus and may explain the higher DM degradation (+52% during this interval. The LAB community was particularly active during the early fermentation of GRA and during the late fermentation for HAY diets indicating that the availability of nutrients in the liquid phase reflects the dynamics

  19. Effect of lactic acid-lactobacillus preservative and moisture concentration at baling on intake and digestibility of crabgrass hay by lambs and in-situ digestibility by heifers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crabgrass is a warm-season annual forage that has greater nutritive value than most other warm-season grasses and is highly palatable, but curing time for crabgrass hay is typically longer than for bermudagrass. Crabgrass hay was either not treated or treated with a lactic acid-lactobacillus preserv...

  20. “NO HAY POR QUÉ SEGUIR A TODO EL MUNDO”, LA COSMOVISIÓN DE GUATEMALTECOS NO CREYENTES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Margarita Fanjul de Marsicovetere

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio fenomenológico exploró la cosmovisión de diez personas guatemaltecas no creyentes, en el contexto de una sociedad patriarcal mayoritariamente cristiana. Se incluyeron dos mujeres y ocho hombres ladinos entre 20 y 55 años de edad, de clase media a alta, con educación universitaria. Se recabaron los datos a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas, un cuestionario escrito y un dibujo. Los temas comunes encontrados fueron: un proceso para llegar a construir su cosmovisión; la construcción de su propio propósito en la vida; un aprecio por la vida al creer que todo termina con la muerte; el razonamiento como herramienta básica para conducir su vida; un código moral con base en no hacer a los otros lo que no desean que les hagan; dificultad en la comunicación con la mayoría religiosa. Es importante que los profesionales de salud mental y la sociedad guatemalteca en general conozcan la perspectiva de esta minoría excluida.

  1. Arteriopatía periférica crónica inducida por cocaína

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Pankl

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available La trombosis periférica aguda inducida por cocaína ha sido descripta en la literatura, siendo una complicación poco común. Si bien existen comunicaciones que reflejan los efectos crónicos de la cocaína sobre el sistema arterial periférico, no hay casos publicados de tal complicación en ausencia de otros factores de riesgo. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 22 años de edad con antecedentes de consumo de cocaína intranasal de 3 gramos por semana durante un año, que consultó por claudicación intermitente a los 200 metros asociada a dolor y parestesias en miembro inferior izquierdo de 2 meses de evolución. El ecodoppler arterial evidenció una estenosis mayor del 70% en la arteria femoral superficial izquierda. Se realizaron estudios complementarios descartando otras etiologías probables. Se inició tratamiento con ácido acetilsalicílico, cilostazol y ejercicio reglado, asociado a terapia de apoyo para mantenimiento del cese del consumo de cocaína, con buena respuesta. Se destaca la importancia de la difusión de información a los pacientes, dado que la mayoría de la población desconoce las complicaciones cardiovasculares de dicha adicción. Es indispensable indagar sobre el consumo de cocaína en pacientes jóvenes con arteriopatía sin factores de riesgo aparentes.

  2. Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica por exposición al humo de biomasa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matías Lopez

    Full Text Available En este artículo se discute la relación existente entre la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC y el humo de biomasa. Más de la mitad de la población utiliza biomasa como combustible principal, sobre todo en áreas rurales y en países en vías de desarrollo donde su uso llega hasta el 80%. La inhalación del humo de biomasa crea un estado inflamatorio crónico, que se acompaña de una activación de metaloproteinasas y una reducción de la movilidad mucociliar. Esto podría explicar la gran asociación existente entre la exposición a biomasa y EPOC, revelada por estudios observacionales y epidemiológicos provenientes de países en vías de desarrollo y de países desarrollados. En esta revisión exploramos también las diferencias entre la EPOC causada por tabaco y por biomasa, y encontramos que, a pesar de las diferencias fisiopatológicas, la mayoría de las características clínicas, calidad de vida y mortalidad fueron parecidas. En los últimos diez años se han realizado intervenciones para disminuir la exposición a biomasa mediante el uso de cocinas mejoradas y combustibles limpios, sin embargo, estas estrategias todavía no han sido exitosas debido a su incapacidad para reducir los niveles de contaminación a niveles recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y por su falta de uso. Por lo tanto, hay una necesidad urgente de ensayos de campo aleatorios, cuidadosamente realizados, para determinar la verdadera gama de reducciones de contaminación potencialmente alcanzables, la probabilidad de su uso y los beneficios a largo plazo en la reducción de la gran carga mundial de EPOC

  3. Más allá del dequeísmo en cláusulas sustantivas: el caso de por más de que

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Soledad Funes

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Las principales teorías sobre dequeísmo comparten el supuesto de que la preposición de carece de significado delante del conector que. A su vez, en el análisis de las conexiones concesivas propuesto por diversas gramáticas no se realizan diferenciaciones sintáctico-semánticas entre conectores como aunque; si bien y por más que. Desde la Gramática Cognitiva, se sostiene que toda elección del hablante es significativa y que hay motivación tanto para la presencia de la preposición en contextos del tipo “yo creía de que no era posible”, como respecto de la elección de un conector concesivo u otro en usos interclausales. En el presente trabajo, se propone ampliar el estudio del dequeísmo a partir del análisis de la locución concesiva por más de que. La presencia de la preposición de en esta locución está motivada por los mismos factores de distancia y defocalización que motivan el dequeísmo en contextos de subordinación sustantiva. 

  4. Hay fever, a post industrial revolution epidemic: a history of its growth during the 19th century.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Emanuel, M B

    1988-05-01

    Although other forms of allergic disease were described in antiquity, hay fever is surprisingly modern. Very rare descriptions can be traced back to Islamic texts of the 9th century and European texts of the 16th century. It was only in the early 19th century that the disease was carefully described and at that time was regarded as most unusual. By the end of the 19th century it had become commonplace in both Europe and North America. This paper attempts to chart the growth of hay fever through the medical literature of the 19th century. It is hoped that an understanding of the increase in prevalence between 1820 and 1900 may provide an insight for modern researchers and give some clues into possible reasons for the epidemic nature of the disease today.

  5. Do glyphosate resistant feral plants and hay fields spread the transgene to conventional alfalfa seed fields?

    Science.gov (United States)

    In addition to meeting domestic needs, large amounts of alfalfa seed and hay produced in the US are being exported overseas. Because alfalfa is an insect pollinated crop, gene flow is a concern. Adding to this alfalfa readily naturalizes along roadsides, irrigation ditches, and unmanaged habitats; a...

  6. Association between parental socioeconomic position and prevalence of asthma, atopic eczema and hay fever in children

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hammer-Helmich, Lene; Linneberg, Allan; Thomsen, Simon Francis

    2014-01-01

    with a decreased risk of atopic eczema and eczema symptoms. There was no independent association between household income and any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma and hay fever, but not atopic eczema, increased with increasing age. Atopic eczema was associated with high parental educational...

  7. Effects on the equine colon ecosystem of grass silage and haylage diets after an abrupt change from hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muhonen, S; Julliand, V; Lindberg, J E; Bertilsson, J; Jansson, A

    2009-07-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an abrupt change from grass hay (81% DM) to grass silage (36% DM) or grass haylage (55% DM), fed at similar DM intakes, and to compare the effects of silage and haylage on the composition and activities of the colon microflora. The forages were from the same swath harvested on the same day. Four adult colon-fistulated geldings were randomly assigned to diets in a crossover design. The study started with a preperiod when all 4 horses received the hay diet, followed by an abrupt feed change to the haylage diet for 2 horses and the silage diet for 2 horses. All 4 horses then had a new second preperiod of hay, followed by an abrupt feed change to the opposite haylage and silage diet. The periods were 21 d long, and the forage-only diets were supplemented with minerals and salt. The abrupt feed changes were made at 0800 h. Colon samples were taken before the abrupt feed change, 4 and 28 h after the feed change, and 8, 15, and 21 d after the feed change, all at 1200 h. Colon bacterial counts, VFA, pH, and DM concentrations were unchanged throughout the first 28 h after the abrupt feed change from hay to haylage and silage. Also, fecal pH and DM concentrations were unchanged during the first 28 h. During the weekly observations, colon lactobacilli counts increased (P = 0.023) in horses receiving the silage diet and were greater than on the haylage diet at 21 d. Streptococci counts decreased (P = 0.046) in horses receiving the haylage diet and were less than on the silage diet at 15 and 21 d. Total VFA concentrations and colon and fecal pH did not differ between diets and were unchanged throughout the weekly observations. The DM concentration of colon digesta and feces decreased (P = 0.030 and 0.049, respectively) on both diets during the weekly observations. The results suggest that in horses fed at the maintenance level of energy intake, an abrupt feed change from grass hay to grass silage or grass haylage from

  8. Climatic change: back to the IIF talk at La Haye; Changements climatiques: retour sur la communication de l'IIF a La Haye

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dupont, J.L.

    2002-07-01

    This document reprints the communication given by F. Billiard, head of the international institute of refrigeration (IIF), at the COP-6 conference of La Haye (November 2000). In his talk, F. Billiard explains the contribution of the refrigeration industry to the global warming which is mainly due to the leaks of refrigerants (CFC, HCFC, HFC) and to the carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to the electric power consumption of refrigerating machineries, air-conditioners and heat pumps. Thus, the abatement of these greenhouse gas emissions requires an improvement of the confinement of the refrigeration equipments and a continuous optimization of their energy efficiency. A second part analyzes the key points of this communication and the choice of some objective appreciation criteria for the remedial actions to be implemented. A glossary completes the document. (J.S.)

  9. Retenção do fósforo de fenos de gramíneas tropicais em ovinos Phosphorus balance in sheep fed on tropical grass hays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.A. Reis

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available Mediu-se a retenção do fósforo de quatro gramíneas tropicais, capim-gordura (Melinis minutiflora, capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens, capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactilon e capim-colonião (Panicum maximum, em cinco ovinos por meio de ensaios de balanço de fósforo. O experimento constou de quatro fases, cada uma com duração de 21 dias (14 dias de adaptação à dieta e sete dias de colheita de fezes, totalizando 20 observações. A análise dos dados foi feita por polinômios ortogonais, testando-se os efeitos de tratamento, de período e de animal, e os contrastes foram comparados pelo teste F. A retenção de fósforo foi negativa nos fenos dos capins gordura, braquiária e coastcross e positiva no feno do capim-colonião. Por análise de regressão, a perda fecal do fósforo endógeno foi estimada em 15,5mg/kg PV/dia e o coeficiente médio de retenção foi de 0,37. Pela razão entre o balanço e a ingestão, estimou-se que o consumo de fósforo necessário para alcançar o equilíbrio foi de 44mg/kg PV/dia.One experiment was conducted using five adult sheep fed on four tropical grass hays to determine phosphorus (P retention. The experiment consisted of four periods of 21 days (14 days adaptation and seven days faeces collection. The treatments were: A molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora, B brachiaria grass (Brachiaria decumbens, C coastcross grass (Cynodon dactilon and D Guinea grass (Panicum maximum. Phosphorus concentrations were 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.11% and 0.18% for treatments A, B, C and D, respectively. The effects of treatment, period and animal were evaluated by ortogonal polynomials and the contrasts by F test. Negative P balances were produced in treatments A, B and C (-13.05, -9.36 and -8.26mg/kg LW/day, respectively which were not significantly different from each other. Positive P balance of 8.14mg/kg LW/day was produced in treatment D, which was significantly higher (P<0.05 than treatments A, B and C. Endogenous losses

  10. Escolhas Associadas ao Automóvel por Homens e por Mulheres: confluência ou divergência? Choices associated with automobiles for Men and Women: convergence or divergence? Opciones relacionadas con el Automóvil por Hombres y por Mujeres: ¿convergencia o divergencia?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LICHT, René Henrique Götz

    2009-03-01

    revealed there are more similarities than differences between choices associated to the automobile by men and choices associated to the automobile by women. The similarity between the choices suggests that the representations, the meanings and values assigned to the car by men and women are similar and thus the strategy of product differentiation does not apply to the automotive industry.RESUMENEl aumento del poder de compra de las mujeres llevó a las empresas a adoptar estrategias de diferenciación de los productos y a producir productos específicos para el público femenino. La industria automovilística no es inmune a este fenómeno, pues las mujeres concentran aproximadamente la mitad de las ventas de automóviles en el país. Considerando las diferencias de consumo e de comportamiento entre mujeres y hombres se plantea la siguiente cuestión: ¿hay diferencias en las opciones relacionadas con el automóvil entre hombres y mujeres? Se presentaron ante los participantes algunos ítems que forman parte de la vida diaria de las personas y que ellas valorizan; se solicitó a los participantes que escogiesen y asociasen estos ítems al automóvil. El análisis de los resultados reveló que había más similitudes que diferencias entre las opciones relacionadas con el automóvil por parte de los hombres y las opciones relacionadas al automóvil por parte de las mujeres. La similitud entre las opciones indica que las representaciones, los significados y valores atribuidos al automóvil por hombres y mujeres son similares y por lo tanto, la estrategia de diferenciación de productos no se aplica a la industria automovilística.

  11. Growth performance of indigenous sheep fed Sporobolus virginicus grass hay grown in saline desert lands and irrigated with high salt content ground water.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alhadrami, G A; Al-Shorepy, S A; Yousef, A M

    2010-12-01

    Twenty-eight indigenous ewe lambs (6 months of age and 14.4 kg body weight (BW)) were used to evaluate the effect of feeding Sporobolus grass hay (SGH) as the only source of forage on growth, and feed and water intakes. The ewe lambs were randomly and equally allocated to two treatment groups (14 lambs/group). The ewe lambs in group 1 (treatment 1) received SGH, while lambs in group 2 (treatment 2) received Rhodes grass hay (RGH) as the only source of forage. Water was available at all times for both treatment groups. Sporobolus grass was irrigated with brackish water of high salt content (20,000 ppm) and grown in saline desert lands (sabkha) in the United Arab Emirates. The average daily dry matter intake was significantly (P  .05) between the two groups at all stages. From these data, we conclude that SGH can replace Rhodes hay in sheep diet without significant effect on sheep performance.

  12. Supplementation of native grass hay with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata hay, wilted leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala forage, wilted tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis forage or a wheat middling for young Friesian x Zebu (Boran crossbred steers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tuomo Varvikko

    1992-03-01

    Full Text Available A 100-day experiment of a randomized block design was conducted with forty Friesian x Zebu (Boran crossbred growing steers to compare the value of wheat middling, an agro-industrial by-product (diet W, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata hay (diet C, and wilted forages of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala, diet L and tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis, diet T as cattle feed. These feeds were fed daily at a level of 1.5 kg (on an air dry basis to supplement the basal diet (diet H of native hay. A mineral supplement containing 50 g bone meal and 10 g common salt was also given daily. The steers were group-fed, but during the last two weeks at the end of the experiment the animals were housed individually in feeding pens to estimate the feed intake and apparent digestibilities of the diets. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment, thereafter every two weeks, and finally at the end of the experiment. The animals consumed all the offered supplements, except for tagasaste forage, of which one third remained unconsumed. The mean daily total dry matter intake during the individual feeding period ranged from 4.0 to 5.0 kg between the diets (P

  13. Afección de suelos agrícolas por metales pesados en áreas limítrofes a explotaciones mineras del Sureste de España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Belmonte Serrato

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza la contaminación por metales en suelos agrícolas en el entorno de la Sierra minera de Cartagena-La Unión. El muestreo se realizó cogiendo 20 muestras de suelo en uso agrícola mediante una distribución aleatoria en un área de unos 100 km2 en torno a la Sierra Minera. Los resultados han detectado concentraciones importantes, que alcanzan y superan los niveles máximos permitidos por diversas normativas internacionales de hasta 11 de los elementos denominados «metales pesados». Aluminio y Hierro destaca sobre los demás con concentraciones medias porcentuales de 13% y 10% respectivamente. Pero hay que destacar la contaminación excesiva de plomo (Pb y Zinc (Zn que duplica e incluso triplica el máximo establecido por las leyes más permisivas, superando con mucho los niveles máximos a partir de los cuales se requiere una intervención obligatoria en todas las legislaciones consultadas.

  14. Diagnóstico precoz de enfermedades pulmonares por tabaquismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. D. Rodrigo Gil

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El tabaquismo es una epidemia y en Chile la prevalencia no ha disminuido. Entre las causas más importantes de muerte por tabaquismo están el cáncer pulmonar y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC. La erradicación del tabaquismo es la mejor estrategia de prevención de estas enfermedades. La segunda estrategia es la detección precoz de ellas. Sin embargo la EPOC está sub diagnosticada en todo el mundo. No está claro si la solución es hacer más espirometrías en población de riesgo. Es posible que otros métodos diagnósticos como la tomografía axial computada de tórax (TAC y la difusión pulmonar, puedan mejorar la capacidad de diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad. El cáncer pulmonar es el más mortal de los cánceres. El diagnóstico en etapas tempranas mejora significativamente su pronóstico. Hay varios estudios en curso que evalúan el beneficio de hacer pesquisa de cáncer pulmonar con TAC.

  15. Compatibilidad química del piracetam determinada por calorimetría diferencial de barrido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Octavio Martínez Álvarez

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: en la primera etapa de preformulación de un medicamento se seleccionan los excipientes y es importante la realización de los estudios de compatibilidad química entre el ingrediente activo farmacéutico (IFA y excipientes. Una de las técnicas más rápidas para realizar dichos estudios es la Calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC, y como técnica complementaria la Termogravimetría (TG. Objetivo: empleando DSC y TG, se realiza un estudio de compatibilidad química entre IFA y excipientes preseleccionados, para comprobar la existencia o no de interacción química. Métodos: el equipo empleado fue el TA3000Mettler, aco­plado a la celda DSC20 y al horno TG50. El IFA utilizado fue Piracetam, y los excipientes: Kollidon VA 64, Estearato de magnesio, Celulosa microcristalina, Polietilenglicol 20 000 y Aerosil. Dichos excipientes se caracterizaron por DSC al igual que el IFA, al cual se le detectó la transición física de fusión. Para el estudio de compatibilidad se prepararon mezclas físicas binarias en una relación de concentración 1:1 Resultados: la figura 1 muestra la detección del punto de fusión por DSC del IFA. Se obtuvieron dos transiciones endotérmicas, comprobándose por TG cuál era la de fusión. La figura 2 muestra los termogramas de las mezclas formadas entre IFA y excipientes. Conclusiones: no se detectó aparición de nuevos picos, por lo que se infiere que no hay incompatibilidad química entre las sustancias estudiadas y se recomienda el uso de los excipientes para el desarrollo de la formulación farmacéutica.

  16. Antes y después de la campaña nacional por el derecho al aborto : Cambios y continuidades en el debate parlamentario

    OpenAIRE

    Brown, Josefina Leonor

    2014-01-01

    En esta ponencia describo los argumentos y fundamentos de los proyectos (de ley, de resolución y declaración) en torno del aborto que fueron presentados en la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado de la Nación Argentina desde el retorno democrático en 1983 hasta la primera mitad de 2014. La hipótesis de lectura es que si bien hay un punto de quiebre en 1994 a raíz del debate alrededor del aborto por el intento de la introducción de la defensa de la vida desde la concepción en la constitución que es...

  17. Modelos teóricos que nos ayudan a comprender el gobierno de las sociedades cooperativas, una apuesta por el enfoque de los stakeholders.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedrosa Ortega, Cristina

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad, el entorno competitivo es cada vez más incierto y complejo. Las características de los mercados actuales hacen que sea cada vez más difícil conseguir una ventaja competitiva sostenible en el tiempo para la empresa, por lo que hay que innovar en formas de gestión y de gobierno para ser competitivo. De esta manera, se está produciendo un cambio en la concepción convencional de la organización. En este trabajo, vamos a estudiar estos cambios necesarios en el gobierno de las empresas, para adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones competitivas, en las sociedades cooperativas. Por ello, nuestro objetivo es intentar modelizar su gobierno a partir de diferentes Teorías Organizativas con la finalidad de ayudar a consolidar la posición de este tipo de empresas en el mercado. Apostaremos por la Teoría de los Stakeholders como la vía más adecuada para generar valor en la organización, de manera que puedan lograr una ventaja competitiva que constituya la base del éxito empresarial.

  18. Replacement of alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) with subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal in diets of Najdi goats: effect on digestion activity of rumen microorganisms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohammadabadi, Tahereh; Jolazadeh, Alireza

    2017-08-01

    This study investigated the effect of replacing alfalfa hay by subabul leaf meal (SLM) on digestion, fermentation parameters and rumen bacteria and fungi activity of Najdi goats. Six Najdi goats (150 ± 15 days of age and initial body weight of 35 ± 1.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments in a balanced completely randomized design (three goats per treatment) for 56 days. Experimental treatments included alfalfa hay as control group and diet containing SLM (SLM replacing alfalfa hay at 50% level). Bacterial and fungi activity and rumen fermentation parameters of animals fed experimental diets were determined. Dry matter disappearance (DMD) was unaffected by replacing SLM with alfalfa hay for both rumen bacteria and fungi in different incubation times, except for 48 h of incubation in specific culture medium of mixed rumen bacteria, which decreased for SLM group (P > 0.05). NDF disappearance (NDFD) and ADF disappearance (ADFD) after 24 and 48 h of incubation in specific culture medium of mixed rumen bacteria was not affected by experimental diets (P > 0.05). However, 72 h after incubation, NDFD in SLM treatment decreased (P > 0.05). Gas production parameters of rumen bacteria were similar for both experimental diets, but partitioning factor (PF), efficiency microbial biomass production (EMBP), microbial protein production (MP), and organic matter truly digested (OMTD) decreased (p alfalfa hay by SLM had no major effect on rumen microorganisms' activity of Najdi goats, so it may be used as an alternative for alfalfa (at 50% level) in susceptible areas.

  19. Sin latencia no hay adolescencia. There is not adolescence without latency.

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Fuente, Sofia

    2009-01-01

    There is not adolescence without latency.Resumen ¿Cuándo comienza la adolescencia? ¿Hay un tiempo para saber de la sexualidad? Si este saber se da en la infancia. ¿Cuáles son sus consecuencias? ¿Qué relación tiene este saber con lo que se nombra como alta erotizacion? Consentir ser objeto del deseo del Otro. ¿Qué tiene con la repetición y qué es lo que se repite? Estas son preguntas que se abordan a partir de una lectura de los textos freudianos y una interpretación a partir de conceptos laca...

  20. Chemical composition, intake by sheep, and in situ disappearance in cannulated cows of bermudagrass hayed at two moisture concentrations and treated with a non-viable lactobacillus-lactic acid preservative

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is commonly used for grazing and haying in the southern USA, but hay curing can be challenging due to frequent rainfall events during spring and early summer. An existing stand of ‘Greenfield’ bermudagrass was divided into 12 plots using a randomized comple...

  1. LAS EMISIONES DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO EN EL SECTOR TRANSPORTE POR CARRETERA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Sotelo Navalpotro

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación que presentamos parte de la idea de que el transporte por carretera en sus modalidades, mercancías y pasajeros, y este último en sus dos tipos, privado y público conforma un sector con una notable relevancia socioeconómica. De hecho hay estimaciones que fijan su aportación al PIB de España en un 7% como media, alcanzando un 10% si se incluye el transporte por cuenta propia, y la producción de los medios y de las infraestructuras de transporte. Así, a los evidentes beneficios que aporta a la economía, que en gran medida se ven reflejados en las pertinentes estadísticas, habría que detraerle los notables costes que implica no sólo en términos de aumentar la dependencia energética de nuestro país, el enorme y dramático coste derivado de la accidentalidad, y también el derivado de los problemas que ocasiona en materia de contaminación y uso del suelo y congestión de las infraestructuras. En él se sientan las bases metodológicas para la construcción, por fases, de un Sistema de Indicadores que permita la evaluación y el seguimiento de la sostenibilidad del sector del Transporte en su triple dimensión: económica, ambiental y social; la comparación sincrónica y diacrónica de los indicadores; el establecimiento de valores Umbrales: criticos y deseables, y de valores Objetivos de progresos realistas hacia los deseables.

  2. Modeling of drainage and hay production over the Crau aquifer for analyzing the impact of global change on aquifer recharge

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olioso, Albert; Lecerf, Rémi; Baillieux, Antoine; Chanzy, André; Ruget, Françoise; Banton, Olivier; Lecharpentier, Patrice; Alkassem Alosman, Mohamed; Ruy, Stéphane; Gallego Elvira, Belen

    2013-04-01

    The recharge of the aquifer in the Crau plain (550 km2, Southern Rhone Valley, France) depends on the irrigation of 15000 ha of meadow using water withdrawn from the River Durance through a dense network of channels. Traditional irrigation practice, since the XVIth century, has consisted in flooding the grassland fields with a large amount of water, the excess being infiltrated toward the water table. Today, the Crau aquifer holds the main resource in water in the area (300 000 inhabitants) but changes in the agricultural practices and progressive replacement of the irrigated meadows by urbanized area threaten the sustainability of groundwater. The distributed modeling of irrigated meadows together with the modeling of groundwater has been undertaken for quantifying the contribution of the irrigation to the recharge of the aquifer and to investigate possible evolution of hay production, water drainage, evapotranspiration and water table under scenarios of climate and land-use changes. The model combines a crop model (STICS) that simulates hay production, evapotranspiration and water drainage, a multisimulation tool (MultiSimLib) that allows to run STICS over each agricultural field in the aquifer perimeter, a groundwater model MODFLOW to simulate the water table from recharge data (simulated drainage). Specific models were developed for simulating the spatial distribution of climate, including scenario of changes for the 2025 - 2035 time period, soil properties (influenced by irrigation), and agricultural practices (calendar and amount), in particular irrigation and hay cutting. This step was crucial for correctly simulating hay production level and amount of water used for irrigation. Model results were evaluated thanks to plot experiments and information from farmers (biomass production, downward water flow, quantity of irrigated water, cutting calendar...), a network of piezometers and remote sensing maps of evapotranspiration. Main results included: - the

  3. Infección invasiva por Streptococcus pneumoniae: reporte de caso de un paciente con síndrome de Austrian

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Echeverri

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Descrito inicialmente en 1957 por Robert Austrian, el síndrome que lleva su nombre se define como la tríada de neumonía, endocarditis y meningitis secundarias a una infección invasiva por Streptococcus pneumoniae. Desde entonces, y debido a su infrecuencia, se han reportado muy pocos casos en la literatura científica. A continuación se presenta el caso de un paciente de 61 años de edad con un cuadro inicial de meningitis bacteriana por S. pneumoniae, acompañado de neumonía bacteriana e insuficiencia mitral grave asociada a cuatro vegetaciones sobre la cara auricular de la valva posterior, con ruptura y prolapso de su festón central posterior. Se aisló S. pneumoniae, serotipo 18C, en líquido cefalorraquídeo y en dos hemocultivos. El paciente recibió antibióticos de amplio espectro y fue sometido a reemplazo valvular temprano con un resultado clínico satisfactorio. El principal factor pronóstico de esta condición lo determina el daño valvular subsecuente, sobre todo en pacientes con compromiso de la válvula aórtica, por lo que es necesario identificar tempranamente la extensión del compromiso valvular y definir oportunamente el tratamiento quirúrgico y antibiótico del paciente. En casos menos frecuentes, en los que solo hay compromiso de la válvula mitral, la evolución clínica es menos aguda y, por lo general, el tratamiento antibiótico dirigido y las medidas de soporte avanzado suelen ser suficientes para su control.

  4. Historias del cuerpo: Problemas en debate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Javier Fittipaldi

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Los trabajos reunidos en la mesa "Problemas de Historia del Cuerpo", más allá de las diferencias particulares que los separan o los oponen, pueden recorrerse por las siguientes preguntas: ¿cómo asir ese objeto histórico que, perteneciéndole a cada uno, siendo aparentemente lo más propio e irrenunciable, es, sin embargo, blanco de poderes sociales?, ¿por dónde recorrer las huellas que se inscriben en el cuerpo y que éste deja en su paso por la historia? Cuerpo e historia constituyen así un par teórico indisociable: no hay historia sin cuerpo o cuerpo sin historia. Pero, como en toda pareja, ello no implica que siempre haya acuerdos entre sí o que no pueda problematizarse esta relación. Hay conflictos que el cuerpo ha guardado y que los historiadores no han encontrado por dónde buscar; en tanto que hay ideales que se han planteado independientes de todo cuerpo y que los historiadores buscan su encarnación. Quizás podemos encontrar un motivo que anima todos estos trabajos: dejar planteado que la naturaleza del cuerpo es su historia, una historia que hay que contar y que no tiene nada de natural

  5. Evaluation of the effect of fortified and concentrated hay supplementation on the production of bovine milk (Bos taurus L. during the dry season in the Achaca-Tiahuanacu community

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patty-Quispe Magda Hortencia

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available The present study was carried out in the Achaca Community of the Municipality of Tiahuanacu, with the objective of evaluating the effect of supplementation with fortified and concentrated hay on milk production, feed conversion, total solids and production costs in three periods (Control, adaptation and supplementation during the dry season (October and November. 12 Holstein mestizo cows were used between 4 and 6 months of lactation. The design used was completely randomized blocks with factorial arrangement of 2Ax3Bx (3 with three replicates. The average milk yield of 4.69 kg of cows supplemented with fortified hay and 6.24 kg with concentrate were higher than the production of 3.94 and 5.11 kg respectively in the adaptation period and finally the production of 3.58 and 3.42 kg in the control period. The feed conversion with fortified hay supplementation of 2.60 kg was greater than 2.12 and 1.90 kg respectively. While feed conversion between supplements was 1.61 and 1.78 kg with concentrate in the adaptation period and finally with 2.12 and 2.60 kg with fortified hay in the supplementation period. The total solids content of 10.52 ºBrix was superior to the adaptation period of 10.30 ºBrix and control with 10.05 ºBrix. Meanwhile, total solids between supplements were 10.19 ºBrix with fortified hay and 10.39 ºBrix with concentrate.

  6. Diferencias en ansiedad estado-rasgo y en atención selectiva en Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paloma González-Castro

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los trastornos que más afecta al rendimiento escolar es el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH. El criterio establecido por el DSM diferencia tres subtipos: inatento, hiperactivo-impulsivo y combinado. Sin embargo, el perfil de este trastorno podría verse alterado por la asociación con otros como la ansiedad. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si hay diferentes patrones de atención (selectiva y sostenida y ansiedad (estado y rasgo en los tres subtipos de TDAH. Además, el objetivo es analizar cómo la ansiedad predice el rendimiento de los estudiantes con TDAH en una tarea de atención selectiva. La muestra estaba formada por 220 estudiantes (6-12 años: 56 en el grupo control, 54 con TDAH-Inatento, 53 con TDAH-Hiperactivo impulsivo y 56 con el subtipo combinado. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los cuatro grupos resultaban significativamente diferentes en las variables atencionales y en los niveles de ansiedad estado y rasgo. Al mismo tiempo, la ansiedad rasgo predijo el rendimiento en la variable de concentración analizada. Los resultados revelan un nuevo patrón de gran interés de cara a la evaluación diagnóstica objetiva y fiable en el TDAH.

  7. Malaysia/Singapore: Where Asian Cultures Meet. Participants' Papers. Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program, 2001 (Malaysia and Singapore).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange, Kuala Lumpur.

    The general objective of the Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program is to help U.S. educators enhance their international understanding and increase their knowledge of the people and culture of other countries. This particular program offered participants an overview of life in Malaysia and Singapore through seminars and other activities.…

  8. Associations of genetic determinants of serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations with hay fever and asthma

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skaaby, Tea; Taylor, Amy E; Jacobsen, Rikke K

    2017-01-01

    Background/objectives: Studies of the effect of vitamin B12 and folate on the risk of asthma and hay fever have shown inconsistent results that may be biased by reverse causation and confounding. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to examine a potential causal effect of vitamin B12 and fo...

  9. Nutritional Value And Yield of Kallar Grass (Leptochloa Fusca Linn) Hay and Its Effect on Reproductive Performance of Awassi Ewes Using Progesterone Radioimmunoassay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Masri, M R..; Zarkawi, M.; Khalifa, K.

    2007-01-01

    Nutritional value of Kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca Linn) hay (whole plant), a salt-tolerant plant, was estimated by determinning its composition (ash, crude protein CP, crude fibre CF, ether extract EE, neutral-detergent fiber NDF, acid-detergent fiber ADF, acid-detergent lignin ADL); and the in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL) and gross energy (GE). Moreover, dry matter, energy and protein yields per hectar were also estimated. The effects of feeding Kallar grass hay to pregnant Awassi ewes on reproductive performance, serum progesterone changes using radioimmunoassay, and on birth and weaning weights of lambs born were also determined. Experimental ewes received daily 300 g of Kallar grass hay in addition to lentil straw and concentrates to cover their nutritional requirements. The results indicated that the nutritive components of Kallar grass were (g kg -1 dry matter): ash 96, CP 93, CF 290, EE 21, NDF 755, ADF 416 and ADL 94. IVOMD was 49.3%, and energy values (MJ kg -1 dry matter) were: GE 26.88, ME 6.41 and NEL 3.02. Dry matter and crude protein yields of Kallar grass hay were 7875 and 732 kg ha -1 , respectively, and the energy produced (MJ ha -1 ) was: GE 211680, ME 50479 and NEL 23783. Kallar grass had no effects on the reproductive performance of pregnant Awassi ewes duration, of pregnancy (150.1 ± 2.2 days), progesterone patterns, birth (4.7±1.0 kg) or on weaning weights (22.7 ± ≤ 5.5 kg) of lambs.

  10. Effects of a propionic-acid based preservative on storage characteristics of alfalfa-orchardgrass hay in large-rectangular bales

    Science.gov (United States)

    For many years, various formulations of organic acids have been marketed as preservatives, most specifically for use on hays that could not be field-dried to moisture concentrations low enough to reduce or eliminate spontaneous heating during storage. These preservatives are often propionic-acid-bas...

  11. Correlations of intake, digestibility and performance with the ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing ammoniated buffel grass hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the correlations of intake, digestibility and performance with the ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing ammoniated buffel grass hay. Buffel grass hay was treated with four levels of urea (0, 18, 36 and 54 g/kg DM basis and eight repetitions. Thirty-two sheep with no defined breed and an average body weight of 17.7 ± 1.8 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design. It was observed positive correlations were found between the feeding time and the intake of dry matter (r = 0.3120, organic matter (r = 0.3242, neutral detergent fiber (r = 0.3800, total carbohydrates (r = 0.3343 and total digestible nutrients (r = 0.3233. Positive correlations (P < 0.05 were found among the rumination efficiencies, g of DM/h and g of NDF/h with nutrient intake variables, except for ether extract intake. Positive correlations were observed (P < 0.05 between both total weight gain (TWG and average daily gain (ADG and the rumination efficiency, g of DM/h (r = 0.3330 and g of NDF/h (r = 0.3304. The feeding and rumination efficiencies have a positive relationship with the total digestible nutrients. The correlation among intake, digestibility and performance variables with the ingestive behavior, it was important for the understanding of diet containing ammoniated buffel grass hay, in which the positive correlation of rumination efficiency with intake and weight gain explained the favorable effect on productive performance of feedlot sheep.

  12. Effects of different levels of sunflower residue silage replacement with alfalfa hay on Azari male buffalo calves fattening performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Razzagzadeh

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available An experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with different levels of sunflower residual silage (SRS on fattening performance of Azari male buffalo calves. Thirty calves with 138.33 Kg of BW fed experimental diets in a completely randomized design with 5 groups and 6 replicates. The five groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 included 0 (control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent replacement of alfalfa hay with SRS, respectively in basal diet. The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05. The highest and the lowest DMI were shown at the groups 1 and 5, respectively, however there was no significant difference between the groups 2, 3, and 4 with control. Daily weight gain (DWG was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05. Group 5 had significantly lower DWG than groups 1, 2 and 3, furthermore there were no significant difference between groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Feed conversion ratio (FCR was significantly different among the groups (p<0.05. There was no significant difference among the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. But these groups had significantly better FCR than the group 5. The best FCR was obtained for group3. It may conclude that alfalfa hay can be substituted with SRS at 50 % level with no negative effects on Azari male buffalo calves fattening performance.

  13. Effects of feeding different proportions of silver leaf desmodium (Dismodium uncinatum) with banana (Musa paradisiaca) leaf on nutrient utilization in Horro sheep fed a basal diet of natural grass hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chali, Diriba; Nurfeta, Ajebu; Banerjee, Sandip; Eik, Lars Olav

    2018-03-02

    The objective was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, body weight change and carcass characteristics of sheep fed a basal diet of hay supplemented with banana leaves and silver leaf desmodium. Thirty yearling lambs with an average initial body weight of 15.85 ± 1.6 kg were grouped into six blocks of five rams in each block. The treatments were: hay alone (T1), hay + 100% banana leaf (T2), hay + 67% banana leaf + 33% desmodium leaf (T3), hay + 33% banana leaf + 67% desmodium leaf (T4) and hay + 100% desmodium leaf (T5). Three hundred grams of treatment diets were offered daily on as fed basis. The feeding and digestibility trial lasted for 84 and 7 days, respectively, followed by carcass evaluation. The total dry matter (DM) intake for T3, T4 and T5 were greater (P T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. Rams lambs receiving supplementary diets had higher (P<0.05) DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility compared with the control diet. The empty body weight and slaughter weight was highest (P<0.05) in rams receiving T3, T4 and T5 diets. The average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency was highest (P<0.05) in rams receiving the supplementary diets. The DP on the basis of hot carcass weight linearly increased with increasing levels of desmodium. Rams reared on supplementary diet had higher (P<0.05) rib eye area compared with the control diet. In conclusion, when banana leaf is used as a supplement to poor quality grass, better response was obtained when fed in combination with desmodium.

  14. Diversification of mowing regime increases arthropods diversity in species-poor cultural hay meadows

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Čížek, O.; Zámečník, J.; Tropek, Robert; Kočárek, P.; Konvička, Martin

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 16, č. 2 (2012), s. 215-226 ISSN 1366-638X R&D Projects: GA MŠk LC06073; GA ČR GD206/08/H044; GA MŽP SP/2D3/62/08 Grant - others:Czech Agency for Nature Conservation(CZ) PPK-35a/62/06 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50070508 Keywords : hay meadows * arthropods conservation * mowing regimes Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 1.801, year: 2012 http://www.muzeumhk.cz/files/jaroslav_zamecnik/2012_cizek_zamecnik.pdf

  15. Morocco and Senegal: Faces of Islam in Africa. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad, 1999 (Morocco and Senegal).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC.

    These projects were completed by participants in the Fulbright-Hays summer seminar in Morocco and Senegal in 1999. The participants represented various regions of the United States and different grade levels and subject areas. The 13 curriculum projects in the collection are: (1) "Doorway to Morocco: A Student Guide" (Sue Robertson); (2)…

  16. IL-33 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of hay fever and reduced regulatory T cells in a birth cohort.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schröder, Paul C; Casaca, Vera I; Illi, Sabina; Schieck, Maximilian; Michel, Sven; Böck, Andreas; Roduit, Caroline; Frei, Remo; Lluis, Anna; Genuneit, Jon; Pfefferle, Petra; Roponen, Marjut; Weber, Juliane; Braun-Fahrländer, Charlotte; Riedler, Josef; Lauener, Roger; Vuitton, Dominique Angèle; Dalphin, Jean-Charles; Pekkanen, Juha; von Mutius, Erika; Kabesch, Michael; Schaub, Bianca

    2016-11-01

    IL-33 polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to asthma. IL-33 indirectly induces Th2-immune responses via dendritic cell activation, being important for development of atopic diseases. Furthermore, IL-33 upregulates regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are critical for healthy immune homeostasis. This study investigates associations between IL-33 polymorphisms during the development of childhood atopic diseases and underlying mechanisms including immune regulation of Tregs. Genotyping of IL-33-polymorphisms (rs928413, rs1342326) was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS in 880 of 1133 PASTURE/EFRAIM children. In 4.5-year-old German PASTURE/EFRAIM children (n = 99), CD4 + CD25 high FOXP3 + Tregs were assessed by flow cytometry following 24-h incubation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin, LPS or without stimuli (U). SOCS3, IL1RL1, TLR4 mRNA expression and sST2 protein levels ex vivo were measured in PASTURE/EFRAIM children by real-time PCR or ELISA, respectively. Health outcomes (hay fever, asthma) were assessed by questionnaires at the age of 6 years. rs928413 and rs1342326 were positively associated with hay fever (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.02-3.08; OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.04-3.11) and CD4 + CD25 high FOXP3 + Tregs (%) decreased in minor allele homozygotes/heterozygotes compared to major allele homozygotes (p(U) = 0.004; p(LPS) = 0.005; p(U) = 0.001; p(LPS) = 0.012). SOCS3 mRNA expression increased in minor allele homozygotes and heterozygotes compared with major allele homozygotes for both IL-33-polymorphisms (p(rs928413) = 0.032, p(rs1342326) = 0.019) and negatively correlated to Tregs. IL-33-polymorphisms rs928413 and rs1342326 may account for an increased risk of hay fever with the age of 6 years. Lower Tregs and increased SOCS3 in combined heterozygotes and minor allele homozygotes may be relevant for hay fever development, pointing towards dysbalanced immune regulation and insufficient control of allergic inflammation. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  17. In situ degradability and selected ruminal constituents of sheep fed with peanut forage hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandes, Gisele Machado; Possenti, Rosana Aparecida; Teixeira de Mattos, Waldssimiler; Schammass, Eliana Aparecida; Junior, Evaldo Ferrari

    2013-01-01

    Because legumes are a very important feed source for ruminants, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ideal inclusion level of hay Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte in sheep diets by measuring the dry matter intake (DMI), concentration of volatile fatty acids, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, ruminal pH and the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). In the experiment with four sheep, a 4 × 4 Latin Square design was used with four periods and four treatments (0%, 30%, 60% and 100% Arachis replacing grass hay). Significant interactions were observed between treatments and sampling times for ammonia-nitrogen and acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration and the acetate:propionate ratio. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acids concentration were not affected by interaction between treatments and sampling time. The degradation of DM and CP was similar, rising with the increasing content of Arachis, showing a linear effect. The treatment containing 60% of Arachis showed best results, with good levels of daily weight gain and higher ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids. The legume showed high levels of CP, high digestibility and appropriate levels of fibre, with excellent standards of degradation and ruminal characteristics. The use of the legume  Arachis for ruminants is a promising option of nutrient supply to meet production demands of these animals.

  18. Challenges of Globalization: Morocco and Tunisia. Curriculum Projects. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program, 2001 (Morocco and Tunisia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002

    This publication contains a collection of curriculum projects developed by educators who were participants in the 2001 Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program in Morocco and Tunisia. The 13 curriculum projects in the publication are entitled: "Women in Morocco, Artists and Artisans" (Virginia da Costa); "Cultures of…

  19. Towards Detection of Cutting in Hay Meadows by Using of NDVI and EVI Time Series

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrej Halabuk

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The main requirement for preserving European hay meadows in good condition is through prerequisite cut management. However, monitoring these practices on a larger scale is very difficult. Our study analyses the use of MODIS vegetation indices products, namely EVI and NDVI, to discriminate cut and uncut meadows in Slovakia. We tested the added value of simple transformations of raw data series (seasonal statistics, first difference series, compared EVI and NDVI, and analyzed optimal periods, the number of scenes and the effect of smoothing on classification performance. The first difference series transformation saw substantial improvement in classification results. The best case NDVI series classification yielded overall accuracy of 85% with balanced rates of producer’s and user’s accuracies for both classes. EVI yielded slightly lower values, though not significantly different, although user accuracy of cut meadows achieved only 67%. Optimal periods for discriminating cut and uncut meadows lay between 16 May and 4 August, meaning only seven consecutive images are enough to accurately detect cutting in hay meadows. More importantly, the 16-day compositing period seemed to be enough for detection of cutting, which would be the time span that might be hopefully achieved by upcoming on-board HR sensors (e.g., Sentinel-2.

  20. El duelo es un trabajo

    OpenAIRE

    Mesa, Clara Cecilia

    2012-01-01

    Esta pregunta por lo nuevo en la atención en duelo invita a pensar en varias direcciones: qué hay de nuevo como oferta médica para ayudar a soportar la situación de pérdida que el duelo arrastra consigo, por un lado, pero por otro, qué hay de nuevo en el duelo? Es difícil saber si las condiciones de elaboración del duelo se modifican con las particularidades de una época o con las particularidades propias de cada modalidad de sufrimiento, igualmente existe una tesis que afirma que nuestra épo...

  1. Utilization of conserved Lucerne Hay as a Protein Supplement in the Diet of Calves on Smallholder Farms of Kenya

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiragu, J.W.; Tamminga, S.; Mitaru, B.N.

    1999-01-01

    The nutritive value and the conserved lucerne hay as a protein supplement in the diet of calves reared on the smallholder farms of Kenya was studied in relation to feed intake, growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization. Forty Friesian calves aged one week were allocate in a completely randomised design experiment to the following five dietary treatments: Napier Grass only (N) and supplemented with 33% lucerne (NL33), 50% lucerne (NL50), 67% lucerne (NL67) and 100% lucerne hay (L100) in the diet of calves. Results showed that increasing the level of lucerne supplementation in the ratio of dairy calves from 50 to 100% lucerne hay significantly (P <0.01) increased the crude protein content the mixed ration from 13.8 t o 16.88% CP which would meet the protein, requirement of the growing ruminants. The growth rate of calves increased linearly (P < 0.001) with the levels of lucerne supplements fro 50 to 100 % lucerne hay resulting in 0.02 kg gain more growth per day per kg additional feed supplement given. The cost of production per kg gain decreased with increase in the level of lucerne supplementation and cost of could further reduced by farmers growing lucerne on the smallholder farms for use in compounding home-made ration at the farm level. Result of these study further shows that lucerne as a leguminous forage has ability to fix Nitrogen in the soil which has significantly effect on soil fertility, increased crop yields and reduction in the cost of fertilisers. It is recommended that an acre of lucerne could yield five to seven tons of dry matter per year sufficient to rear a herd of 15 to 20 calves for a period of 1 year. This research has further shown that a pure stand of lucerne crop which is very deep rooted crop has a longevity of five to seven years in the same field and that pest and diseases are not of a serious problem to lucerne, thus making it excellent supplementary legume to the Napier grass in the diet of calves on smallholder farms of Kenya

  2. Changes in fibre-adherent and fluid-associated microbial communities and fermentation profiles in the rumen of cattle fed diets differing in hay quality and concentrate amount.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klevenhusen, Fenja; Petri, Renee M; Kleefisch, Maria-Theresia; Khiaosa-Ard, Ratchaneewan; Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U; Zebeli, Qendrim

    2017-09-01

    The rumen microbiota enable important metabolic functions to the host cattle. Feeding of starch-rich concentrate feedstuffs to cattle has been demonstrated to increase the risk of metabolic disorders and to significantly alter the rumen microbiome. Thus, alternative feeding strategies like the use of high-quality hay, rich in sugars, as an alternative energy source need to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in rumen microbial abundances in the liquid and solid-associated fraction of cattle fed two hay qualities differing in sugar content with graded amounts of starchy concentrate feeds using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Operational taxonomic units clustered separately between the liquid and the solid-associated fraction. Phyla in the liquid fraction were identified as mainly Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas main phyla of the fibre-associated fraction were Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacteres and Firmicutes. Significant alterations in the rumen bacterial communities at all taxonomic levels as a result of changing the hay quality and concentrate proportions were observed. Several intermicrobial correlations were found. Genera Ruminobacter and Fibrobacter were significantly suppressed by feeding sugar-rich hay, whereas others such as Selenomonas and Prevotella proliferated. This study extends the knowledge about diet-induced changes in ruminal microbiome of cattle. © FEMS 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  3. Leuis Mumford: La ciudad y la historia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramiro Carranza

    1968-03-01

    Full Text Available La importancia del libro que comentamos, está en que sigue con espiritu crítico, cada paso dado por el hombre en la creación de la ciudad. Con ello, al lector va haciendo conciencia de una circunstancia en la cual vive desde su nacimiento y que en muchos aspectos ha considerado tan natural -fatal o obvia- como la salida del sol todas las mañanas o la forma de sus manos. L. Mumford estudia el "por qué" de cada fenómeno ciudadano; hay razones, en el fondo principios, para que, por ejemplo las manzanas sean cuadradas y no redondas o triangulares, aparte del problema de técnica urbanística cuyas soluciones muchas veces no son aceptadas por la ciudad ; hay una intención, un designio sobr e la ciudad, cuando se eleva un edificio comercial sobre la cruz que remata la torre de una iglesia; hay razones para agrupar el poder político y religioso en el marco de una plaza.

  4. U.S. Department of Education Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program, Malaysia June 26 - July 24, 1993. Participants' Reports.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange, Kuala Lumpur.

    This document contains reports by 14 participants of a Fulbright-Hays seminar in Malaysia. Participants were introduced to Malaysia and the Malaysian way of life through talks, discussion and field trips to schools, and educational institutions and cultural centers throughout the country. At every location the group was given presentations on…

  5. El tránsito de argelinos por el puerto de Alicante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan David Sempere Souvannavong

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available La larga relación que durante siglos ha mantenido Alicante con Argelia (especialmente con la ciudad de Orán se reduce en la actualidad a meros intercambios privados y comerciales a través de la línea marítima que une ambas ciudades. Esta línea conoce sin embargo un considerable auge cuyas causas se derivan de la crisis en Argelia: el cierre de la frontera con Marruecos y el aumento de las exportaciones de productos de consumo hacia este país. Esta coyuntura ha multiplicado el número tanto de argelinos que pasan por el puerto de Alicante para ir o volver a sus regiones de origen como el de los que vienen a abastecerse de productos de consumo en el creciente número de bazares que hay en el centro de la ciudad. Con todo ello el puerto y la ciudad de Alicante han adquirido un protagonismo importante en la movilidad de argelinos entre Europa y el Norte África, un protagonismo sin duda comparable con el nuevo papel que España está jugando en el sistema migratorio mediterráneo

  6. Effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber content of alfalfa hay on lactating dairy cows: Feeding behavior, fiber digestibility, and lactation performance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fustini, M; Palmonari, A; Canestrari, G; Bonfante, E; Mammi, L; Pacchioli, M T; Sniffen, G C J; Grant, R J; Cotanch, K W; Formigoni, A

    2017-06-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 alfalfa hays differing in undigested neutral detergent fiber content and digestibility used as the main forage source in diets fed to high producing cows for Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese production. Diets were designed to have 2 different amounts of undigestible NDF [high (Hu) and low (Lu)], as determined by 240-h in vitro analysis (uNDF 240 ). Alfalfa hay in vitro digestibility [% of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated NDF with ash correction (aNDFom)] at 24 and 240 h was 40.2 and 31.2% and 53.6 and 45.7% for low- (LD) and high-digestibility (HD) hays, respectively. The 4 experimental diets (Hu-HD, Lu-HD, Hu-LD, and Lu-LD) contained 46.8, 36.8, 38.8, and 30.1% of alfalfa hay, respectively, 8.6% wheat straw, and 35.3% corn (50% flake and 50% meal; DM basis). Soy hulls and soybean meal were used to replace hay to balance protein and energy among diets. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (average milk production = 46.0 ± 5.2 kg/d, 101 ± 38 d in milk, and 662 ± 42 kg of average body weight) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with 2 wk of adaptation and a 1-wk collection period. Dry matter and water intake, rumination time, ruminal pH, and milk production and composition were measured. Diets and feces were analyzed for NDF on an organic matter basis (aNDFom), acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, and uNDF 240 to estimate total-tract fiber digestibility. Dry matter intake and rumination times were higher in HD diets compared with LD diets, regardless of forage amount. Rumination time was constant per unit of dry matter intake but differed when expressed as a function of uNDF 240 , aNDFom, or physically effective NDF intake. No differences were found among treatments on average ruminal pH, but the amount of time with pH digestible neutral detergent fiber fraction digestibility was higher for the LD diets (88.3 versus 85.8% aNDFom in HD), for which lower feed intakes were also observed. The

  7. ¿Está el mundo preparado para enfrentar una pandemía?

    OpenAIRE

    Oscar Rivera García

    2006-01-01

    Hay un sabio refrán que reza: “NO HAY MAL QUE POR BIEN NO VENGA”El “MAL” debe puntualizarse en los brotes de Influenza aviar presentados en Europa, África y Asia, que hasta la fecha, ha afectado a 258 personas de las cuales han muerto 153 infectadas por el virus H5N1 y ocasionado la muerte de mas de 200 millones de aves en estos tres continentes.Es Indonesia, el país más comprometido por el virus H5N1, con un total de 74 humanos infectados y 57 defunciones y se considera que este número de mu...

  8. La reforma del sector salud, descentralización, prevención y control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel A. Schmunis

    Full Text Available Con las nuevas macropolíticas mundiales, la salud en América Latina ha sufrido importante transición en direción a la decentralización, sin compatibilizar la salud pública con la lógica de las economías de mercado. Con esto, el control decentralizado de las enfermedades endémicas presenta dificultades políticas y operativas. Aunque la decentralización se justifica por los presupuestos teóricos, no hay tradición de este control en los niveles municipales, lo que dificulta la simple o burocrática transferencia de encargos para estos niveles. La falta de expertise, el turn-over político y la corrupción son dificultades adicionales, conllevando a una extinción de varias instituiciones y programas. La falta de efectividad en el enfrentamiento del dengue, de la malaria y de la enfermedad de Chagas son algunos ejemplos. Requierese una modernización con responsabilidad, con una transición compartida entre los niveles y garantizada por acciones continuadas. Sugierese mantener estructuras regionales para referencia, consolidación epidemiológica, normatización, capacitación y supervisión, incluso con reserva técnica para acciones finalísticas supletivas.

  9. Efeito da substituição do feno de Tifton 85 pelo caroço de algodão como fonte de fibra na dieta de bezerros Effect of substitution of Tifton 85 hay by whole cotton seed as fiber source in the diets of calves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.B. Bernardes

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Para avaliar a substituição do feno Tifton 85 pelo caroço de algodão como fonte de fibra na dieta foram utilizados 24 bezerros da raça Holandesa, distribuídos em dois grupos. O grupo-feno recebeu feno e concentrado separados, fornecidos à vontade, e o grupo- algodão recebeu caroço de algodão incorporado ao concentrado (13,5%, à vontade. O consumo de alimentos, o peso, as alturas da cernelha e do íleo, as circunferências torácica e abdominal, a concentração de glicose sangüínea, as concentrações de acetato, propionato e butirato, o pH do fluido ruminal e os pesos dos compartimentos do estômago foram mensurados. O consumo de alimentos, o desenvolvimento ponderal dos animais, as concentrações de acetato, propionato e butirato, o pH do fluido ruminal, as concentrações de glicose sangüíneas e o peso dos compartimentos do estômago foram semelhantes entre os tratamentos (P>0,05. À necropsia, não foram observadas alterações sugestivas de intoxicação por gossipol. Concluiu-se que o caroço de algodão substituiu, sem prejuízos, o feno como fonte de fibra na dieta de bezerros.Twenty-four Holstein calves divided into two groups were used to evaluate Tifton 85 hay or whole cotton seed as fiber source in their diets. One group received Tifton 85 hay and concentrate ad libitum (hay group and the other received ad libitum (cotton group only concentrate with whole cotton seed incorporated (13,5%. Feed intake; weight; whither and ileum heights; thoracic and abdominal circumferences; acetate, propionate and butyric concentrations; pH of ruminal content; blood glucose; and rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum weights were measured. Feed intake; animal performance; acetate, propionate and butyric concentrations; pH of ruminal content; blood glucose and weight of stomach compartments did not differ between the groups (P>0.05. No clinical evidence of gossypol intoxication was observed. It was concluded that whole cotton seed

  10. Effect of Lactic Acid Lactobacillus Preservative and Moisture Level at Baling on In-situ Digestibility of Crabgrass Hay by Heifers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Common crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris [Retz.] Koel.) is a warm-season annual that offers an advantage over many perennial warm-season grasses because of its greater nutritive value and high palatability. However, little is known about how baling crabgrass hay at high moisture affects ruminal forage ...

  11. Gas Exchanges and Dehydration in Different Intensities of Conditioning in Tifton 85 Bermudagrass: Nutritional Value during Hay Storage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Pasqualotto

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The present study aimed at evaluating the intensity of Tifton 85 conditioning using a mower conditioner with free-swinging flail fingers and storage times on dehydration curve, fungi presence, nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay dry matter (DM. The dehydration curve was determined in the whole plant for ten times until the baling. The zero time corresponded to the plant before cutting, which occurred at 11:00 and the other collections were carried out at 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, and 16:00. The experimental design was randomised blocks with two intensities of conditioning (high and low and ten sampling times, with five replications. The high and low intensities related to adjusting the deflector plate of the free iron fingers (8 and 18 cm. In order to determine gas exchanges during Tifton 85 bermudagrass dehydration, there were evaluations of mature leaves, which were placed in the upper middle third of each branch before the cutting, at every hour for 4 hours. A portable gas analyser was used by an infrared IRGA (6400xt. The analysed variables were photosynthesis (A, stomatal conductance (gs, internal CO2 concentration (Ci, transpiration (T, water use efficiency (WUE, and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi. In the second part of this study, the nutritional value of Tifton 85 hay was evaluated, so randomised blocks were designed in a split plot through time, with two treatments placed in the following plots: high and low intensity of cutting and five different time points as subplots: cutting (additional treatment, baling and after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. Subsequently, fungi that were in green plants as well as hay were determined and samples were collected from the grass at the cutting period, during baling, and after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. It was observed that Tifton 85 bermudagrass dehydration occurred within 49 hours, so this was considered the best time for drying hay. Gas exchanges were

  12. Hay huellas en el cuerpo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Bertone

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available La presente reseña introduce y comenta el libro de los compiladores Victoria D`hers y Eduardo Galak “Estudios sociales sobre el cuerpo: prácticas, saberes, discursos en perspectiva”; el cual surge en el marco de las “VI Jornadas de Sociología de la UNLP” y consta de un prólogo realizado por Adrián Scribano y Lucas Aimar, y once artículos producidos por jóvenes investigadores en relación a los Cuerpos y las Emociones.Los autores proponen recorrer un mapeo y ensayar lecturas sobre las conexiones entre prácticas corporales, afecciones y emociones. La escritura y el modo de presentación del libro reflejan la textura de la temática y la complejidad del espacio de reflexión. Desde una sociología de los cuerpos y las emociones es posible hallar pistas que nos conduzcan a comprender el sentido que los actores dan a sus prácticas; identificar nodos conflictuales que emergen en esas comprensiones cotidianas; y dar cuenta de cómo la sociedad que se hace cuerpo, puede ser rastreada a partir del análisis de determinadas emociones sociales. Desde el título podemos reconocer que el libro deja huellas para comprender que el propio cuerpo es discusión del presente y del futuro inmediato.

  13. Endocarditis infecciosa en válvula aórtica por Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Luísa Broa

    Full Text Available Resumen Hoy día, la endocarditis infecciosa continúa siendo una causa importante de mor-bimortalidad en todo el mundo y es preocupante el aumento del número de infecciones asociadas con agentes virulentos y procedimientos médicos. Presentamos el caso de un indigente con antecedentes médicos desconocidos, ingresado por dolor lumbar, que comenzó a sentirse confuso, hipotenso y taquicárdico. Poco después de su ingreso su estado evolucionó a septicemia grave. Los resultados de las pruebas iniciales también eran indicativos de infarto agudo de miocardio, pero el ecocardiograma transtorácico reveló una vegetación masiva en la válvula aórtica con absceso perivalvular condicionando regurgitación aórtica grave. El paciente murió, con el diagnóstico definitivo de endocarditis infecciosa. Más tarde, en los hemocultivos se identificó Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, un microorganismo del grupo HACEK. Este caso confirma que, a pesar de los resultados favorables en general, hay casos de infecciones graves, sobre todo si el diagnóstico y el tratamiento fueron tardíos.

  14. Effects of including saponins (Micro-aid®) on intake, rumen fermentation, and digestibility in steers fed low-quality prairie hay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sixteen ruminally-cannulated crossbred steers (529 ± 45 kg initial body weight, BW) were used to evaluate in situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and N degradation characteristics of low quality prairie hay, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and rumen fermentation parameters in steers provi...

  15. Tratamiento Tributario en las Operaciones con Créditos de Carbono en Empresas Brasileñas con Proyectos MDL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanderlei dos Santos

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio objetiva identificar el tratamiento tributario aplicado en las operaciones con créditos de carbono en empresas brasileñas que están desarrollando proyectos en el ámbito del Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL. Para tal, se realizó una pesquisa exploratoria, con abordaje cualitativo de los datos, colectados por medio de cuestionario enviado a todas las empresas brasileñas que poseen proyectos de MDL aprobados sin excepciones por la Comisión Interministerial de Mudanza Global del Clima (CIMGC, conforme listado del Ministerio de la Ciencia y Tecnología. De las 117 empresas listadas, solamente cinco respondieron el instrumento de pesquisa, constituyendo así, una muestra por accesibilidad. Los resultados muestran que en relación al tratamiento tributario aplicado en las empresas investigadas, debe haber tributación del IRPJ y CSLL en las operaciones con créditos de carbono. Referente a la incidencia de PIS, COFINS, ISS, hay empresas que entienden que estos tributos inciden y otras son de opinión que no hay incidencia. No obstante, se constató que hay uniformidad sobre el entendimiento de la no incidencia de ICMS e IOF. Se concluyó que todavía no hay uniformidad de entendimiento sobre la tributación que corresponda en las empresas pesquisadas, lo que se justifica por todavía no haber legislaciones tributarias específicas sobre créditos de carbono en el Brasil.

  16. PASEO URBANO POR LA CIUDAD DE MADRID: PLAZA DE LA MONCLOA, CALLE DE LA PRINCESA Y PLAZA DE ESPAÑA.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clemente Herrero Fabregat

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se va a proponer la realizaciónde un trabajo de campo urbano dirigido aalumnos de Educación Secundaria, con unaduración de cuatro horas, por una zona deMadrid, cuyo origen hay que encontrarlo en elensanche del siglo XIX. Fue reordenada en losaños cuarenta, debido a la situación de losfrentes durante la guerra civil y posteriormenteal intento de creación de una arquitecturaque se ha denominado del "Nuevo orden", quequedó en mera quimera urbanística desde elfin de la segunda guerra mundial y del aislamientoconsiguiente. El incipiente desarrolloeconómico terminó con el proyecto de la "cornisaimperial del Manzanares" debido a laconstrucción del Edificio España y posteriormentede la Torre de Madrid, que rompieron lapretendida perspectiva "imperial".

  17. Inversor Resonante de Tres Elementos L-LC con Caracteristica Cortocircuitable para Aplicaciones de Calentamiento por Induccion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Espi Huerta, Jose Miguel

    Los generadores de calentamiento por induccion son puentes inversores con carga resonante, cuya mision es basicamente crear una corriente sinusoidal de gran amplitud sobre la "bobina de caldeo", que forma parte del tanque resonante. En el interior de esta bobina se introduce la pieza que se desea calentar. EI campo magnetico creado induce corrientes superficiales (corrientes de Foucault) sobre la pieza, que producen su calentamiento. Los tanques resonantes (tambien llamados osciladores) utilizados en la actualidad son el resonante serie y el resonante paralelo. Aunque ya desde hace algun tiempo se vienen construyendo generadores de alta potencia basados en estos dos osciladores, el exito nunca ha. sido completo en ninguno de los dos casos. Tal y como se explica en la introduccion de esta memoria, los puentes inversores utilizados deben operar sobre una carga inductiva (corriente retrasada) para evitar el fenomeno de la recuperacion inversa de sus diodos y la consiguiente ruptura de los transistores. De la restriccion topologica anterior se deduce que el generador paralelo debe conmutar a frecuencias inferiores a la resonancia, y el serie a frecuencias superiores. A esta restriccion topologica hay que unir otra que es exclusiva del calentamiento por induccion: La corriente por la bobina de caldeo debe ser sinusoidal. De no ser asi, resultaria imposible disponer toda la potencia de calentamiento sobre la pieza en el espesor requerido por la aplicacion. Como consecuencia, los inversores no pueden operar por debajo de la frecuencia de resonancia del oscilador, pues en ese caso se amplifican los armonicos de orden superior de la tension/corriente de entrada situados sobre la resonancia, con la consiguiente distorsion de la corriente de salida. La conjuncion de las dos restricciones anteriores obligan al inversor paralelo a funcionar a la frecuencia de resonancia del oscilador. Esto imposibilita un control por variacion de frecuencia, regulandose la potencia desde la

  18. La terapia asistida por delfines y su implementación en niños con Síndrome de Down : una experiencia en Estados Unidos y México

    OpenAIRE

    Cortés Marco, Montserrat

    2016-01-01

    El propósito de esta Tesis Doctoral consiste en observación y análisis de la Terapia Asistida por delfines en niños con Síndrome de Down, con el fin de comprobar si hay una mejora en la evolución del lenguaje y la comunicación tanto a nivel mímico, verbal y visual, en las edades comprendidas entre los 5 meses y los 17 años de edad. Dicha práctica esta llevada a cabo a México y Estados Unidos respectivamente. Para poder llevar a cabo la observación se ha partido de la ejecución de unos ítems d...

  19. Children and adolescents' health-related quality of life in relation to eczema, asthma and hay fever: results from a population-based cross-sectional study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matterne, Uwe; Schmitt, Jochen; Diepgen, Thomas L; Apfelbacher, Christian

    2011-10-01

    Several studies have looked at the relationship between childhood atopic disease and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but existing research is limited by selected populations, small samples or lack to consider each of the three atopic conditions simultaneously. Impact of 4-week and 12-month occurrences of the three conditions on HRQoL were analysed by the use of complex sample general linear models alone and adjusted for the other atopic conditions, sociodemographics and mental health in a population-based sample (n = 6,518) of children and adolescents aged 11-17. In univariate analyses, total HRQoL was significantly impacted by eczema and hay fever but not asthma with stronger effects for 4-week occurrence. In multivariate analyses, 12-month occurrence of hay fever and 4-week occurrence of eczema and hay fever significantly impacted on total HRQoL. Although most of the variance in HRQoL was explained by mental health, independent effects of the atopic conditions remained. Atopic conditions impact HRQoL over and above mental health. When analysing the relationship between atopic conditions and HRQoL, it is important to consider more immediate versus less immediate effects of the conditions. Extent of impairment and the domains affected appear to vary when different time intervals are used.

  20. Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mirzaei, M.; Khorvash, M.; Ghorbani, G.R.; Kazemi-Bonchenari, M.; Riasi, A.; Nabipour, A.; Borne, van den J.J.G.C.

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the effects of particle size (PS) of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves at two levels of alfalfa supplementation. Fifty newborn dairy calves (42.7 ± 2.2 kg BW) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors

  1. La comunicación en el aula como base de la educación intercultural. Una experiencia en Formación Profesional

    OpenAIRE

    Gallardo Fernández, Isabel María; Fabregat Pitarch, Antonio

    2009-01-01

    Partimos de la base que la cultura se construye por la interacción de los seres humanos, pero al mismo tiempo jamás esta definitivamente construida, porque continuamente por la propia interacción, esta en proceso de construcción. Asumimos que no hay culturas mejores ni peores. Evidentemente cada cultura puede tener formas de pensar, sentir y actuar en las que determinados grupos se encuentren en una situación de discriminación. Pero si aceptamos que no hay una jerarquía entre las culturas est...

  2. Esquema de caracterización para la selección de técnicas de pruebas de software

    OpenAIRE

    Vegas Hernandez, Sira

    2002-01-01

    La importancia de una adecuada selección de técnicas de pruebas es comúnmente aceptada por la comunidad de Ingenieros de Software. Sin embargo, hay dos motivos fundamentalmente por los que los desarrolladores de software realizan hoy en día selecciones que no pueden ser calificadas como acertadas: (1) Su conocimiento sobre la cantidad de técnicas disponibles actualmente es limitado, lo que quiere decir que hay una gran cantidad de técnicas que es desconocida para el desarrollador medio; y (2)...

  3. Estudio del grado de secuela en la contingencia profesional según los diferentes estamentos involucrados, dentro de la legislación laboral, en relación a la zona geográfica: estudio de la coincidencia entre la Mutua y el INSS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Jesús Sánchez-Elvira Muñoz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de la Comunidad Autónoma, en 2367 casos de MC-Mutual, que por contingencia profesional han sido alta con tramitación de informe-propuesta clínico-laboral, ha revelado que hay diferencias en la valoración del grado de secuela en las propuestas de la Mutua, las resoluciones del INSS, las sentencias de los Juzgados de lo Social y las sentencias de los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia. Por lo que hay variabilidad geográfica en los diferentes estamentos, siendo mayor en los Judiciales.

  4. Ambientes de aprendizajes para favorecer el desarrollo del pensamiento y lenguaje matemático: la aventura de pensar en clase de matemática

    OpenAIRE

    Herrera Salas, Adriana

    2014-01-01

    No hay nada más básico en una disciplina que su modo de pensar. No hay nada más importante en su enseñanza que proporcionar al niño una temprana oportunidad para aprender ese modo de pensar (Bruner, J). Sabemos que los conocimientos disciplinares, por sí solos, pueden resultar de escasa utilidad, por consiguiente, el énfasis debiera focalizarse en el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento que permitan la construcción, reconstrucción y significación del conocimiento que facilite la transfere...

  5. Contabilidad del impuesto sobre beneficios

    OpenAIRE

    Luceño Martínez, Haizea

    2017-01-01

    Este Trabajo Fin de Grado pretende dar una explicación al tratamiento contable del Impuesto de Sociedades. Siendo un impuesto que hay que contabilizar, pero que se calcula siguiendo criterios fiscales, lleva a tener que realizar ajustes que tendrán su repercusión contable. El punto de partida no es otra que la norma de registro y valoración 13ª del PGC, que versa sobre cómo hay que proceder a contabilizar el Gasto por Impuesto de Sociedades, que se compone tanto del Gasto por Impuesto Co...

  6. Procesos institucionales en el pago por servicios ambientales, cuenca alta del río Pasto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yesenia Alejandra Narváez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El pago por servicios ambientales (PSA, es la disponibilidad que tiene un individuo o grupo social para aprovechar o conservar la oferta ambiental natural. Este estudio se realizó en cuenca alta del río Pasto, donde el principal servicio ambiental, es la provisión hídrica del 85% de los habitantes de Pasto, Nariño, convirtiéndolo en un ecosistema estratégico que requiere de alternativas viables para su conservación y manejo. El objetivo fue evaluar los procesos relacionados con PSA, adelantados por algunas Instituciones; para ello, se diseñó una entrevista estructurada, aplicada a funcionarios de cuatro instituciones, que contemplaba las variables: institución, conocimiento normativo, recursos financieros, apoyo técnico, actividades realizadas actualmente y posibles alternativas para PSA. Con el programa Decisión Explorer 3.3 y con integrantes de las instituciones se propusieron alternativas para mejorar el PSA. Se pudo determinar que en el corregimiento de Cabrera se están ejecutando las alternativas: implementación de sistemas agroforestales, familias guardabosques y adquisición de predios para avanzar en PSA. Se concluyó que en la Cuenca Alta del río Pasto, el PSA aún es incipiente pero promisorio, hay poco conocimiento institucional y los procesos se han centrado en la compra de tierras para la conservación de fuentes abastecedoras de acueductos rurales y de cabeceras municipales.

  7. Estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios de mujeres indígenas del departamento de Presidente Hayes, Paraguay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Echagüe

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Las comunidades indígenas presentan un mayor riesgo de inseguridad alimentaria y malnutrición, menor disponibilidad de recursos, y una creciente dependencia de alimentos más baratos aunque con un alto grado de procesamiento. Objetivo: Identificar el estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios en mujeres indígenas de tres comunidades del Departamento de Presidente Hayes, Chaco Paraguayo. Metodología: Estudio observacional de diseño transversal con componente analítico, que incluyó a 81 mujeres de 15 a 44 años de edad, de las etnias Maká y Toba Qom. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó la valoración nutricional y la entrevista para obtener los datos sociodemográficos y alimentarios. Resultados: Las mujeres indígenas presentaron una frecuencia de sobrepeso de 30,8% y obesidad del 21,0%, mientras que el 1,2 % presentó desnutrición. No encontramos diferencia significativa entre las etnias, en relación al sobrepeso y obesidad, (p>0,05. Observamos que las indígenas tenían una alta ingesta de frutas, azúcares y mieles. El 87 y 88% de las mujeres indígenas de ambas etnias estudiadas refirieron no consumir lácteos y derivados y entre 65 y 69% refirieron no consumir verduras. Conclusiones: Observamos un elevado porcentaje de obesidad y sobrepeso, un bajo consumo de lácteos y verduras y un alto consumo de azúcares, relacionados posiblemente a cambios en los aspectos alimentarios y sus costumbres, influenciados por la cercanía a las zonas urbanas y el acceso a alimentos de menor precio y mayor contenido energético.

  8. Confirmed Datura poisoning in a horse most probably due to D. ferox in contaminated tef hay : clinical communication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Gerber

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Two out of a group of 23 mares exposed to tef hay contaminated with Datura ferox (and possibly D. stramonium developed colic. The 1st animal was unresponsive to conservative treatment, underwent surgery for severe intestinal atony and had to be euthanased. The 2nd was less seriously affected, responded well to analgesics and made an uneventful recovery. This horse exhibited marked mydriasis on the first 2 days of being poisoned and showed protracted, milder mydriasis for a further 7 days. Scopolamine was chemically confirmed in urine from this horse for 3 days following the colic attack, while atropine could just be detected for 2 days. Scopolamine was also the main tropane alkaloid found in the contaminating plant material, confirming that this had most probably been a case of D. ferox poisoning. Although Datura intoxication of horses from contaminated hay was suspected previously, this is the 1st case where the intoxication could be confirmed by urine analysis for tropane alkaloids. Extraction and detection methods for atropine and scopolamine in urine are described employing enzymatic hydrolysis followed by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS.

  9. Formulation of enzyme blends to maximize the hydrolysis of alkaline peroxide pretreated alfalfa hay and barley straw by rumen enzymes and commercial cellulases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badhan, Ajay; Wang, Yuxi; Gruninger, Robert; Patton, Donald; Powlowski, Justin; Tsang, Adrian; McAllister, Tim

    2014-04-26

    Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars requires the synergistic action of multiple enzymes; consequently enzyme mixtures must be properly formulated for effective hydrolysis. The nature of an optimal enzyme blends depends on the type of pretreatment employed as well the characteristics of the substrate. In this study, statistical experimental design was used to develop mixtures of recombinant glycosyl hydrolases from thermophilic and anaerobic fungi that enhanced the digestion of alkaline peroxide treated alfalfa hay and barley straw by mixed rumen enzymes as well as commercial cellulases (Accelerase 1500, A1500; Accelerase XC, AXC). Combinations of feruloyl and acetyl xylan esterases (FAE1a; AXE16A_ASPNG), endoglucanase GH7 (EGL7A_THITE) and polygalacturonase (PGA28A_ASPNG) with rumen enzymes improved straw digestion. Inclusion of pectinase (PGA28A_ASPNG), endoxylanase (XYN11A_THITE), feruloyl esterase (FAE1a) and β-glucosidase (E-BGLUC) with A1500 or endoglucanase GH7 (EGL7A_THITE) and β-xylosidase (E-BXSRB) with AXC increased glucose release from alfalfa hay. Glucose yield from straw was improved when FAE1a and endoglucanase GH7 (EGL7A_THITE) were added to A1500, while FAE1a and AXE16A_ASPNG enhanced the activity of AXC on straw. Xylose release from alfalfa hay was augmented by supplementing A1500 with E-BGLUC, or AXC with EGL7A_THITE and XYN11A_THITE. Adding arabinofuranosidase (ABF54B_ASPNG) and esterases (AXE16A_ASPNG; AXE16B_ASPNG) to A1500, or FAE1a and AXE16A_ASPNG to AXC enhanced xylose release from barley straw, a response confirmed in a scaled up assay. The efficacy of commercial enzyme mixtures as well as mixed enzymes from the rumen was improved through formulation with synergetic recombinant enzymes. This approach reliably identified supplemental enzymes that enhanced sugar release from alkaline pretreated alfalfa hay and barley straw.

  10. Estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios de mujeres indígenas del departamento de Presidente Hayes, Paraguay

    OpenAIRE

    Gloria Echagüe; Valentina Díaz; Laura Mendoza; Pamela Mongelos; Graciela Giménez; Malvina Paez; Florentina Laspina; Amalia Castro; María Isabel Rodríguez; Patricia Araújo; Wilberto Castro; Ramón Marecos; Santiago Evers; Gerardo Deluca; Alejandra Picconi

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: Las comunidades indígenas presentan un mayor riesgo de inseguridad alimentaria y malnutrición, menor disponibilidad de recursos, y una creciente dependencia de alimentos más baratos aunque con un alto grado de procesamiento. Objetivo: Identificar el estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios en mujeres indígenas de tres comunidades del Departamento de Presidente Hayes, Chaco Paraguayo. Metodología: Estudio observacional de diseño transversal con componente analítico, que incluyó...

  11. Performance of lambs weaned at 67 days of age and fed corn silage and oat hay/ Desempenho de cordeiros desmamados aos 67 dias alimentados com silagem de milho e feno de aveia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Pereira da Silva

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available This work had as objectives to evaluate the performance of lambs weaned at 67 days of age and fed with different roughage sources in confinement. Thirty animals out of Corriedale ewes mated to Hampshire Down, Ile de France and Suffolk rams, were used. After weaning the animals were fedlot and distributed in one of the following treatments: T1 – Corn silage + concentrate; T2 – Corn silage and oat hay (50% each + concentrate; and T3 – Oat hay + concentrate. It was used a 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio, dry matter basis. At the beginning of the experiment the animals weighed 11.51, 12.46 and 12.33 kg (P>0.05, and after nine weeks of feedlot the weights were 17.53, 19.34 and 19.35 kg (P>0.05, respectively, for T1, T2 e T3. Average daily weight gain was similar (P>0.05 among treatments. It was not observed differences (P>0.05 in weights and weight gains among the genetic groups. However, male lambs presented greater average daily weight gain than female lambs (0.120 x 0.091 kg. There were no differences in feed conversion among the treatments, however, animals from the T2 had greater dry matter intake. It can be concluded that either corn silage or oat hay can be used for feeding weaned lambs.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros desmamados aos 67 dias e alimentados com diferentes fontes de volumosos em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 animais oriundos de cruzamentos entre ovelhas Corriedale e carneiros Hampshire Down, Ile de France e Suffolk. Logo após o desmame os animais foram confinados, sendo distribuídos para receberem um dos tratamentos: T1 – Silagem de milho mais concentrado; T2 – Silagem de milho e feno de aveia (50% do volumoso cada mais concentrado; e T3 – Feno de aveia mais concentrado. A proporção volumoso:concentrado utilizada foi de 60:40, base seca. Os pesos médios dos animais no início do experimento foram de 11,51; 12,46 e 12,33 kg (P>0,05 e os pesos finais, após nove semanas de

  12. Biorremediación de arsénico mediada por microorganismos genéticamente modificados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Her Lizeth Rodríguez Martínez

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Las actividades antropogénicas aumentan la movilización y distribución de los metales pesados, si se rebasan los estándares permitidos por la normativa internacional resultan un serio problema para la salud de los seres vivos y el medio ambiente. Uno de los casos más alarmantes es el del arsénico; su presencia en agua potable y suelos (y por ende en alimentos es tal que hay reportados cientos de casos de intoxicación severa en países como China y Bangladesh. Debido a las actividades mineras, en algunas zonas de México como el Estado de Chihuahua, también se han encontrado altas concentraciones del elemento. Por el peligro que representa, la necesidad de encontrar alternativas para la remediación de sitios contaminados con arsénico es de suma importancia. Si bien existen diversos métodos físicos y químicos que se han usado desde hace décadas, la biorremediación constituye una alternativa prometedora que ofrece ventajas económicas y es eficiente. Esto último se debe a que se han aislado microorganismos que pueden resistir altas concentraciones de arsénico e incorporarlo a procesos metabólicos específicos gracias a mecanismos como la enzima arsenito oxidasa (AOX. Aún cuando el sistema de oxidación del arsénico no se ha descifrado completamente ha sido posible identificarlo en un gran número de microorganismos a través de técnicas de ingeniería genética, mismas que de manera reciente se han utilizado para potencializar la capacidad de las cepas silvestres. El objetivo de este documento consistió en hacer una revisión general sobre la biorremediación del arsénico y algunas estrategias como la detoxificación de arsénico (III por medio de AOX con el f in de encontrar una solución factible al problema detectado en el estado de Chihuahua. Tras la vasta cantidad de información recabada se determinó que la ingeniería genética resulta una herramienta prometedora para lograr la biorremediación de los metales

  13. Nivel de depresión experimentada por una muestra de cuidadores informales de pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ara Mercedes Cerquera Córdoba

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio transversal descriptivo, tipo cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo fue identificar el nivel de depresión en una muestra de cuidadores informales de pacientes con Alzheimer, compuesta por 52 sujetos. Se tuvo en cuenta los siguientes criterios de inclusión: ser cuidador informal principal, tener mínimo 3 meses cuidando al enfermo, no recibir ningún tipo de remuneración económica y cuidar pacientes no institucionalizados. Se aplicó el Inventario de Depresión Estado/ Rasgo (IDER. Los resultados arrojados indican en la escala total de estado 46,2% y en la subescala de eutimia estado 51,9%, lo cual evidencia una alta presencia de depresión. En la escala total de rasgo se encuentra un total de ausencia de 76,9% y en la subescala de distimia rasgo una ausencia de 88,5%, lo cual indica que no hay relevancia en cuanto el nivel de depresión como rasgo.

  14. C60 fullereno modificado por haces de iones de baja energía para prevenir el efecto multipactor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galán, L.

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available C60 fullerene modified by low-energy ion beams of H2 +, N2 +, O2 + y Ar+ has been studied. After ion bombardment, the photoemission spectra obtained using synchrotron radiation show an increase of the density of states just bellow the Fermi level. Ion bombarment of C60 with 50 eV energy and 4×1014 ion/cm2 fluence is sufficient to modify the cage structure of the fullerene and to obtain graphitic amorphous carbon. Upon bombarding with an energy of 50 eV, implantation of the nitrogen and the oxygen ions was observed, while implantation of the hydrogen and argon ions was small. The maximum secondary emission yield of C60 thin films is lower than 1.3 even after air exposure. A significant improvement on the secondary emission properties can be obtained after bombardment by low-energy Ar+ and N2 + ion beams.Se ha estudiado la interacción de los iones H2 +, N2 +, O2 + y Ar+ de baja energía con películas delgadas de fullereno C60. Después del bombardeo iónico, la densidad de estados cerca del nivel de Fermi aumenta de forma apreciable, según se observa en los espectros de fotoemisión obtenidos usando radiación sincrotrón. El bombardeo iónico con una energía de tan sólo 50 eV y una fluencia de 4x1014 ion/cm2 es suficiente para modificar la simétrica estructura de caja del fullereno y obtener carbono amorfo grafítico. El nitrógeno y el oxígeno se implantan al bombardear con una energía de 50 eV, mientras que la implantación es despreciable en el caso del hidrógeno y argon. Las películas de fullereno poseen un coeficiente máximo de emisión secundaria inferior a 1.3 incluso después de su exposición al aire, el cual disminuye después del bombardeo con iones de N2 + y Ar+.

  15. Portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, POR-006 SKID D storage plan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nelson, O.D.; Keller, G.M.

    1997-01-01

    This document provides a storage plan for portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, AND POR-006 SKID D. The exhausters will be stored until they are needed by the TWRS (Tank Waste Remediation Systems) Saltwell Pumping Program. The storage plan provides criteria for portable exhauster storage, periodic inspections during storage, and retrieval from storage

  16. The Hayes principles: learning from the national pilot of information technology and core generalisable theory in informatics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Lusignan, Simon; Krause, Paul

    2010-01-01

    There has been much criticism of the NHS national programme for information technology (IT); it has been an expensive programme and some elements appear to have achieved little. The Hayes report was written as an independent review of health and social care IT in England. To identify key principles for health IT implementation which may have relevance beyond the critique of NHS IT. We elicit ten principles from the Hayes report, which if followed may result in more effective IT implementation in health care. They divide into patient-centred, subsidiarity and strategic principles. The patient-centred principles are: 1) the patient must be at the centre of all information systems; 2) the provision of patient-level operational data should form the foundation - avoid the dataset mentality; 3) store health data as close to the patient as possible; 4) enable the patient to take a more active role with their health data within a trusted doctor-patient relationship. The subsidiarity principles set out to balance the local and health-system-wide needs: 5) standardise centrally - patients must be able to benefit from interoperability; 6) provide a standard procurement package and an approved process that ensures safety standards and provision of interoperable systems; 7) authorise a range of local suppliers so that health providers can select the system best meeting local needs; 8) allow local migration from legacy systems, as and when improved functionality for patients is available. And finally the strategic principles: 9) evaluate health IT systems in terms of measureable benefits to patients; 10) strategic planning of systems should reflect strategic goals for the health of patients/the population. Had the Hayes principles been embedded within our approach to health IT, and in particular to medical record implementation, we might have avoided many of the costly mistakes with the UK national programme. However, these principles need application within the modern IT

  17. Radiocaesium transfer to ewes fed contaminated hay after the Chernobyl accident: effect of vermiculite and AFCF (ammonium ferricyanoferrate) as countermeasures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Daburon, F.; Archimbaud, Y.; Cousi, J.; Fayart, G.; Hoffschir, D.; Chevallereau, I.; Le Creff, H.; Gueguen, L.

    1991-01-01

    Contaminated hay harvested in the south-east of France in June 1986 was fed to lactating and non-lactating ewes for 50-60 days. The mean transfer coefficients observed were 0.075 days litre -1 to milk and 0.11 days kg -1 to meat. Adding vermiculite to feed pellets decreased the transfer coefficients by a factor of 2.5 to both milk and meat if given at 30 g day -1 ; a factor of 8 difference was reached using 60 g day -1 added vermiculite or 2 g day -1 ammonium ferricyanoferrate (AFCF). No adverse effects on intake rates, animal weight or milk production were observed during the administration period (90-100 days, 50-60 days during the oral contamination and 40 days during the depletion period), whatever the treatment. Three lactating goats were fed the same contaminated hay, but chopped and mixed with powdered maize, for 15 days. The mean milk transfer coefficient was lower than that for ewes at 0.032 days litre -1 . (author)

  18. Violencia contra trabajadores sanitarios en un hospital de Andalucía: ¿Por qué hay agresiones no registradas?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Arturo Mayorca Yancán

    Full Text Available Introducción: Las agresiones en el trabajo son un problema en auge en profesiones de atención al público, siendo la profesión sanitaria una de las más afectadas. Existe una importante infradeclaración de agresiones. Objetivos: Conocer el nivel de infradeclaración y analizar sus motivos. Comparar grupos de trabajadores declarantes y no declarantes. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado en un hospital de segundo nivel, en 2011. Se ha elaborado una encuesta previamente pilotada, aplicándola a los profesionales de los servicios con mayor registro de agresiones. Resultados: Del total de encuestas obtenidas (250, se encontraron 102 agresiones, 69 casos no habían sido registrados (67.6%, la mayoría verbales. Los principales motivos para no declarar las agresiones fueron: creer que el registro es inútil 32.8%, o considerar normal las agresiones 25.4%. Perfil del profesional agredido: mujer, 37 años, enfermera del área de urgencias del turno de mañana. Perfil del agresor: paciente o su familiar, varón, 42.5 años. Los trabajadores que más notificaron las agresiones fueron quienes realizaban trabajo a turnos (61.2% y los solteros (69.6%. Conclusiones: En muchas ocasiones los trabajadores sanitarios minimizan los episodios violentos, por ello es necesario formarlos en la importancia del registro de agresiones de cualquier tipo.

  19. The effect of cellulose crystallinity on the in vitro digestibility and fermentation, kinetics of meadow hay and barley, wheat and rice straws

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cone, J.W.; Gelder, van A.H.; Fonseca, A.; Ferreira, L.M.M.; Sequeria, C.A.

    2003-01-01

    The effect of cellulose crystallinity on in vitro digestibility (IVD) and fermentation kinetics was investigated in samples of meadow hay and barley, wheat and rice straws. A saturated solution of potassium permanganate was used to isolate the celluloses, and their crystallinity was evaluated in a

  20. Datura contamination of hay as the suspected cause of an extensive outbreak of impaction colic in horses : clinical communication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T.W. Naudé

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available atura poisoning of horses is extensively reviewed. An outbreak of intractable impaction colic affecting 18 of 83 horses was stopped by withdrawing dried tef hay contaminated with young Datura plants. The dried, botanically identified Datura stramonium and D. ferox contained respectively 0.15 % mass/mass (m/m hyoscyamine as well as 0.16 % m/m hyoscine (scopolamine and only hyoscine at a concentration of 0.11 % m/m. Immature, unidentifiable plants resembling D. stramonium, contained 0.14 % m/m and 0.12 % m/m of the 2 respective tropane alkaloids. The outbreak was characterised by protracted and repeated colic attacks due to impaction of the large colon and/or caecum without any other anti-muscarinic signs. Comparative analyses of single specimens of dried seed of the 2 species collected from both fertilised and waste areas revealed that young South African Datura spp. had levels of tropane alkaloids comparable to those in the well-known toxic seed and were, consequently, equally toxic. The inherent danger of tef hay being contaminated with Datura is emphasised. To our knowledge this is the 1st field case of poisoning in horses ascribed to the vegetative parts of Datura spp.

  1. Tissue composition of the leg and meat quality of sheep fed castor bean hulls in replacement of tifton hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stela Antas Urbano

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available The effects of replacing Tifton hay with castor bean hulls (0, 33, 66 and 100% on the leg tissue composition, chemical composition, physicochemical parameters and sensorial traits of sheep meat were studied. A total of 28 non-castrated sheep averaging seven months in age with an average initial weight of 19.5±4.3 kg were assigned to a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates and were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. At slaughter, body weight and leg, muscle and bone weights decreased linearly, whereas the muscle-to-bone ratio increased linearly according to the treatments. There was a quadratic effect on yellow intensity (maximum of 8.05 with replacement of 54.5% and the percentage of cooking losses (minimum of 33.8% with replacement of 45.17%. The treatment employed did not affect either the chemical composition or sensorial traits of the lamb meat. Although replacing Tifton hay with castor bean hulls alters the tissue composition of the leg as well as some physicochemical parameters of the meat, the sensory analysis indicated good acceptability of the meat, regardless of the inclusion of this byproduct.

  2. Modernidad, religión y discurso político en América Latina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Garzón Vallejo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Las intervenciones de siete políticos latinoamericanos en los debates acerca del matrimonio de parejas del mismo sexo y el aborto en el sistema político y en la esfera pública política, permiten analizar la naturaleza y el potencial alcance de los argumentos más relevantes en su discurso público. Los casos estudiados son representativos de las tensiones entre religión y modernidad política en América Latina: por un lado hay un uso instrumental del lenguaje religioso, y por otro hay una traducción de valores morales y creencias religiosas a un lenguaje secular que pueda ser entendido y eventualmente compartido por todos los ciudadanos.

  3. Fertility and immunosuppression in allogeneic uterus transplantation

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz García, César

    2015-01-01

    A pesar de los avances en medicina reproductiva alcanzados durante las últimas tres décadas, la esterilidad absoluta de origen uterino (AUFI, por sus siglas en inglés), a día de hoy, carece de tratamiento. Ésta, puede ser causada tanto por la ausencia del útero (congénita o adquirida) o la no funcionalidad del mismo [1, 2]. Cálculos en el Reino Unido han demostrado que hay alrededor de 12000 a 15000 mujeres en edad reproductiva con infertilidad uterina en dicho país [3]. No hay cálculos cor...

  4. Uso de los servicios de salud por parte de hombres que hacen sexo con hombres en el Distrito Federal, Brasil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Alves PIMENTA

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: hay pocas investigaciones sobre el uso de servicios de salud por parte de lesbianas, gays, travestis, bisexuales, transexuales y transgéneros (LGBTT. Esta insvestigación objetivó conocer dificultades que están viviendo hombres que hacen sexo con hombres (HSH en el uso de esos servicios haciendo hincapié en vivencias y percepciones sobre: (1 salud, SIDA, homosexualidad y ciudadanía; (2 servicios públicos de salud con realce para aspectos de acogida, calidad y humanización; (3 prevención de VIH/ SIDA; (4 discriminación y violencia; (5 participación en grupos organizados. Métodos: Fueron realizados dos grupos focales; uno con adolescentes y otro con adultos en un lugar de diversión. El análisis fue guiado por la teoría de las representaciones sociales y por la hermenéutica dialéctica. Resultados: las percepciones de la mayoría de los informantes de ambos grupos fueron negativas con respecto al Sistema Único de Salud del Brasil. La calidad de la atención fue percebida como precaria y sin humanización faltando preparación de los profesionales para demandas de HSH. El acceso a condones fue restricto o por la falta de los mismos o por la necesidad de participar en actividades de planeación familiar. Hubo narrativas de violencia institucional. La serología para VIH no siempre fue acompañada de consejería pre y posts-test. Conclusión: resaltase la necesidad de sensibilizar y entrenar profesionales de salud para satisfacer necesidades específicas del segmento LGBTT y de trabajar con la diversidad cultural y sexual en la comunidad. Recalcamos la reorientación de las prácticas de educación en salud para reducción de la vulnerabilidad de LGBTT.

  5. Interés por la docencia entre aspirantes a profesores de Ciencia y Tecnología al comenzar el proceso de formación inicial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Pontes

    Full Text Available La formación inicial del profesorado de enseñanza secundaria se encuentra en un proceso de cambio en el que resulta necesario ampliar la investigación sobre todos los aspectos relacionados con la mejora de los programas de formación. En este contexto nos parece importante explorar el interés de los futuros profesores de ciencia ytecnología hacia la profesión docente. Por tal motivo, hemos realizado una investigación sobre el pensamiento inicial de los profesores de enseñanza secundaria en formación, cuyos resultados se muestran en este trabajo.Creemos que hay que tener en cuenta las motivaciones y actitudes de los futuros profesores en la formación inicial para fomentar el desarrollo de la identidad profesional docente.

  6. Disfunción tiroidea inducida por amiodarona en la práctica clínica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Paz-Ibarra

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La amiodarona (AMD es una droga antiarrítmica potente (clase III usada en la práctica clínica para la profilaxis y el tratamiento de muchos disturbios del ritmo cardiaco, desde la fibrilación auricular paroxística hasta las taquiarritmias ventriculares que amenazan la vida. Frecuentemente causa cambios en las pruebas de función tiroidea principalmente relacionados a la inhibición de la actividad de la 5'-deiodinasa, resultando en una disminución de la generación de T3 desde T4 y el consecuente incremento en la producción de T3 reversa y una disminución de su aclaramiento. En 14 a 18% de pacientes tratados con AMD hay una disfunción tiroidea manifiesta, ya sea tirotoxicosis inducida por amiodarona (TIA o hipotiroidismo inducido por amiodarona (HIA. Tanto TIA como HIA pueden desarrollarse en glándulas aparentemente normales o en glándulas con anormalidades preexistentes clínicamente silentes. La TIA está primariamente relacionada a la síntesis de hormonas tiroideas inducida por el exceso de yodo en una glándula tiroidea anormal (TIA tipo 1 o a una tiroiditis destructiva relacionada a la amiodarona (TIA tipo 2, aunque frecuentemente ocurren formas mixtas. La tiroiditis de Hashimoto preexistente es un factor de riesgo definido para la ocurrencia de HIA. La patogenia del HIA es la falla para escapar del efecto agudo de Wolff-Chaikoff inducido por el yodo, debido a los defectos en la hormonogénesis tiroidea y, en pacientes con pruebas de autoanticuerpos tiroideos positivos, para tiroiditis de Hashimoto concomitante. La TIA es más común en zonas deficientes de yodo mientras que el HIA es usualmente visto en zonas suficientes en yodo. En contraste al HIA, la TIA es una condición difícil de diagnosticar y tratar, y usualmente se recomienda la descontinuación de la amiodarona. En esta revisión se analiza, de acuerdo a los datos actuales, las alteraciones en las pruebas de función tiroidea vistas en pacientes eutirodeos bajo

  7. EFECTO PROTECTOR DE PEUMUS BOLDUS EN RATAS CON TOXICIDAD HEPÁTICA INDUCIDA POR PARACETAMOL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christiam Ochoa

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprobar el efecto protector hepático del extracto acuoso de boldo (EAB (Peumus boldus al daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén (paracetamol. Diseño: Analítico, experimental, aleatorizado, completo – experimento verdadero. Realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina de UNMSM. Material y método. 30 Ratas Holtzman macho de 250g y dos meses se dividieron en 5 grupos aleatoriamente, grupo blanco, control paracetamol 200mg/kg y 3 experimentales tratados con EAB a 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg respectivamente. Se administró EAB de 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg vía orogástrica. Luego de media hora se administró paracetamol 200mg/kg i.p. a los grupos control y experimentales. Este procedimiento se repitió por 5 días. Se tomó pruebas de transaminasas (TGP basal y final en sangre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar la data y un p<0.05 fue considerado significante. Se estudió la anatomopatología de los hígados y se tomaron muestras de tejido teñidas con HE. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa en los niveles de transaminasas (TGP entre grupos (p<0.05. El control obtuvo 196.6 U/L +- 38.1 (TGP mientras que los experimentales como máximo 55.6 U/l. Las muestras control evidencian signos de lesión hepática, degeneración grasa, congestión sinusoidal y centrolobulillar, y necrosis celular. Sin embargo los grupos experimentales no presentan signos de lesión celular y hay ausencia de inflamación. Conclusiones: El boldo tiene un efecto protector hepático al daño inducido por paracetamol en ratas Holtzmann.

  8. Changes in acceleration rate of chloride ions depending on climatic conditions. Influence of rain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corvo, F.

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Mild steel, copper and aluminium samples were exposed outdoors in two atmospheric test stations located in Havana, Cuba and Medellín, Colombia. Two parallel group of samples were formed, one for each station. They were submitted to accelerated outdoor test by intermittent spraying of a salt solution (SCAB test according to ISO 11474:98, receiving also the influence of the open atmosphere. The acceleration of corrosion rate of the three metals caused by the presence of chloride ions in both stations was determined. As expected, steel shows the higher corrosion rate and acceleration by chlorides, particularly at Cuban corrosion station. A remarkable difference in the acceleration rate of chloride ions for mild steel and copper between Cuban and Colombian acceleration rate of chloride ions of steel and copper. Steel corrosion products were analyzed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Water absorption was also studied. The presence of magnetite, goethite and other Iron compounds was determined.

    Probetas de acero de bajo carbono, cobre y aluminio se expusieron a la intemperie en dos estaciones de ensayo localizadas en la Habana, Cuba y Medellín, Colombia. Se formaron dos grupos paralelos de probetas, tomándose uno para cada estación. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a ensayos acelerados a la intemperie mediante la aplicación de una niebla salina (SCAB TEST de acuerdo a la Norma ISO 11474:98, recibiendo también la influencia de la atmósfera abierta. Se determinó la aceleración de la velocidad de corrosión de los tres metales causada por la presencia de iones cloruro en ambas estaciones. Como era de esperar, el acero muestra la mayor velocidad de corrosión y aceleración por los iones cloruro, particularmente en la estación de ensayos cubana. Se determinó una notable diferencia en la velocidad de aceleración provocada por los cloruros para el acero de bajo carbono y el cobre entre las estaciones cubana y colombiana. La influencia de la lluvia

  9. Sin chivo expiatorio, no hay grupo: el caso de las administraciones públicas (No scapegoat, no group: the case of public administrations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josu Bingen Fernández Alcalde

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Con base en Girard, Bion, Tuckman, Morgan, Anzieu, o la Sociología Clínica se analiza la posición de “Chivo Expiatorio” como suceso universal en los procesos de desarrollo de grupos y equipos. Una etapa esperable y gestionable de su evolución; no un accidente a evitar ni un motivo para desmantelar los equipos laborales puestos en marcha. Sin chivo expiatorio no hay grupo, ni regeneración grupal. Toda grupalidad vive cíclicamente “el destronamiento” de una figura anterior de liderazgo con algún tipo de violencia sacrificial. Tal acontecimiento cierra una fase de conflicto importante e inaugura una renormalización grupal. Por ello, propone incluirla como fase propia en los modelos generales de desarrollo grupal.ABSTRACTBased on Girard, Bion, Tuckman, Morgan, Anzieu, or Clinical Sociology analyzes the position of "Scapegoat" as a universal event in the development processes of groups and work groups. An expected and manageable stage of its evolution, not an accident to avoid nor a reason for dismantling the set up work teams. No scapegoat no group, no regeneration group. All groups lives cyclically "the dethronement" of an earlier figure of leadership with some sort of sacrificial violence. This event closes a major conflict phase and inaugurates a renormalization group. It is therefore proposed to include itself as a phase in the generic models of group development.

  10. Efecto de los componentes del agua de mar durante el fenómeno de corrosión por picaduras del cobre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García, E.

    1995-10-01

    Full Text Available Copper is the main component in Cu-Ni alloys recommended for sea water applications. This work presents the electrochemical behaviour of copper in presence of different sea water components and its influence on the corrosion attack. The combined action of chloride and sulphate ions are the main responsible factor for the localized corrosion attack in the form of pitting. A significant parabolic relation exists between the critical pitting potential (Ep and the weight ratio of chloride to sulphate (Cl-/SO42- ions. Therefore sulphate ions are an important component for pitting corrosion of copper.

    El cobre es el elemento principal de las aleaciones Cu-Ni recomendadas para aplicaciones marinas. En este trabajo se presenta el comportamiento electroquímico del cobre con los diferentes componentes del agua de mar y el efecto de estos sobre la forma de ataque del cobre. Se observó que los iones cloruro, en unión con los iones sulfato, son los principales causantes del fenómeno de corrosión por picaduras, existiendo, además, una relación significativa entre el potencial crítico de picado (Ep y la relación (Cl-/SO42- de tipo parabólico, lo cual pone de manifiesto la importancia del ion sulfato en el fenómeno de corrosión por picaduras como promotor de este tipo de mecanismo.

  11. The Hayes principles: learning from the national pilot of information technology and core generalisable theory in informatics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simon de Lusignan

    2010-06-01

    Conclusions Had the Hayes principles been embedded within our approach to health IT, and in particular to medical record implementation, we might have avoided many of the costly mistakes with the UK national programme. However, these principles need application within the modern IT environment. Closeness to the patient must not be interpreted as physical but instead as a virtual patient-centred space; data will be secure within the cloud and we should dump the vault and infrastructure mentality. Health IT should be developed as an adaptive ecosystem.

  12. Alerta De Insecto-Escarabajo asiatico de antenoas largas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marco A. Fonseca; Ronald F. Billings

    Hay probablemente una sola generacion de ALB por a'o. Los escarabajos adultos por lo general estan presentes de mayo a octubre, pero se pueden encontrar mas temprano en la primavera o mas tarde en el oto?o si las temperaturas son calidas. Los adultos por lo general permanecen en el arbol del que emergieron o se pueden desplazar por distancias cortas hacia un...

  13. Celulitis por citomegalovirus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Ruiz Lascano

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.

  14. Libros adquiridos por don Pedro Fermín de Vargas en sus viajes por las Antillas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Elías Ortíz

    1962-04-01

    Full Text Available Entre los papeles relacionados con la vida de Don Pedro Fermín de Vargas, que pueden consultarse en el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla, hay una carta de él y una lista de libros que envía al Administrador de Correos de la Habana, Don José Fuertes, antiguo amigo suyo, luego su corresponsal y a la  vez espía de sus pasos para aprisionarlo, con el objeto de que se los guardase “en algún rincón de sus casa”.

  15. Relaciones familiares en familias desplazadas por la violencia ubicadas en "la cangrejera" (corregimiento de Barranquilla, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Amarís Macías

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta la comprensión alcanzada acerca de las relaciones de las familias desplazadas por las violencias ubicadas en La Cangrejera, asentamiento en el corregimiento de La Playa ubicado en el distrito de Barranquilla (Colombia. Para el abordaje de las relaciones se partió de la concepción de las mismas como interacciones entre los miembros de una familia, de donde se derivan procesos como la comunicación y la expresión de sentimientos, entre otros. El estudio se desarrolló bajo el paradigma cualitativo, utilizando como diseño metodológico el estudio de caso interpretativo. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante observaciones participantes y entrevistas abiertas. Los resultados muestran cómo las dificultades que han tenido que enfrentar ha sido motivo de unión, acercamiento, así como de conflictos, entre los diferentes miembros que conforman la familia. Las dificultades económicas influyen como factor generador de conflictos, sobre todo en el subsistema conyugal. Por otra parte, se encontró que las familias intentan adecuar sus viviendas a la manera como lo estaban en sus sitios de origen. En una de las familias no hay muchos cambios culturales, la otra ha sufrido la modificación de los roles de género. Para la compresión de la realidad encontrada fue necesario tomar referentes psicológicos, sociológicos y lingüísticos

  16. Modelo integrador para personas con adicción a sustancias psicoactivas

    OpenAIRE

    Espada Salado, Sheila; Fernández Rodríguez, Francisco; Laporte Puig, Mireia

    2012-01-01

    Los trastornos por abuso de drogas constituyen en la actualidad uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes. El abuso de una sustancia conlleva el daño físico, el daño psicológico y el daño social, tanto para la persona que consume la droga como para los demás. En el campo de la salud mental normalmente no hay un factor único que explique la patología y en el de las adicciones en particular no hay una razón única por la dependencia, sino que son varios los factores [g...

  17. In vivo and in situ measurements of the digestive characteristics of sainfoin in comparison with lucerne fed to sheep as fresh forages at two growth stages and as hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aufrère, J; Dudilieu, M; Poncet, C

    2008-09-01

    In vivo and in situ digestive characteristics of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia L., a tannin-rich forage) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L., a tannin-free forage) were compared to evaluate the effects of condensed tannins (CT) and growth stage (vegetative v. early flowering) in experiment 1. In experiment 2, the hays of the two forages, harvested at early flowering, were compared. Ingestibility, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and nitrogen (N) retention were measured in sheep fed sainfoin and lucerne fresh forages and hays. The loss of dry matter (DM) and N from polyester bags suspended in the rumen, abomasum and small intestine was also measured using rumen fistulated sheep and other intestine fistulated sheep. Nitrogen content was lower in sainfoin than in lucerne. Content of CT in sainfoin decreased with growth stage (3.5 to 2.5 g CT/kg DM) and was lower for sainfoin hay (0.6 g CT/kg DM). Ingestibility and OMD did not differ between fresh-fed forage species. Total N tract digestibility in vivo was much lower for sainfoin than for lucerne fresh forages (mean value 0.540 v. 0.721, P forages. Nitrogen degradability in the rumen determined by the nylon bag technique (DegN) was lower for sainfoin than for lucerne when forages were studied both fresh (mean value 0.608 and 0.818, respectively) and as hays (0.631 and 0.767). The efficiency of forage N digestion (ENd) was higher for sainfoin at the vegetative stage. Compared with lucerne, sainfoin greatly increased the in situ estimate of forage N escaping the rumen but decreased its intestinal digestibility.

  18. Descriptiva de iones. Precipitación de carbonato de bario.

    OpenAIRE

    Milla González, Miguel

    2008-01-01

    Cuando se hace pasar dióxido de carbono por una disolución que contiene los iones Ba(II) se produce la precipitación de este ión metálico en forma de carbonato de bario blanco. Se muestra la reacción mediante una sencilla animación.

  19. Efecto Protector de Peumus Boldus en ratas con toxicidad hepática inducida por Paracetamol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christiam Ochoa

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprobar el efecto protector hepático del extracto acuoso de boldo (EAB (Peumus boldus al daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén (paracetamol. Diseño: Analítico, experimental, aleatorizado, completo ¿ experimento verdadero. Realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina de UNMSM. Material y método. 30 Ratas Holtzman macho de 250g y dos meses se dividieron en 5 grupos aleatoriamente, grupo blanco, control paracetamol 200mg/kg y 3 experimentales tratados con EAB a 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg respectivamente. Se administró EAB de 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg vía orogástrica. Luego de media hora se administró paracetamol 200mg/kg i.p. a los grupos control y experimentales. Este procedimiento se repitió por 5 días. Se tomó pruebas de transaminasas (TGP basal y final en sangre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar la data y un p<0.05 fue considerado significante. Se estudió la anatomopatología de los hígados y se tomaron muestras de tejido teñidas con HE. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa en los niveles de transaminasas (TGP entre grupos (p<0.05. El control obtuvo 196.6 U/L +- 38.1 (TGP mientras que los experimentales como máximo 55.6 U/l. Las muestras control evidencian signos de lesión hepática, degeneración grasa, congestión sinusoidal y centrolobulillar, y necrosis celular. Sin embargo los grupos experimentales no presentan signos de lesión celular y hay ausencia de inflamación. Conclusiones: El boldo tiene un efecto protector hepático al daño inducido por paracetamol en ratas Holtzmann.

  20. Análisis de materiales con haces de iones generados por un acelerador electrostático

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Climent Font, A.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available An electrostatic accelerator is a very versatile tool for the analysis of the materials elemental composition by means of ion beam based analytical techniques. These techniques known as IBA (ion beam analysis are widely used as a quantitative and non destructive characterization of almost any material down to depth of 10 μm below the surface and with a surface resolution from 2 to 20 nm. Their applications cover a wide range of areas such as: materials science, microelectronics, environmental studies, biomedical sciences, art and archaeology, etc. In this work the general physical principles of IBA are reviewed and its capabilities are illustrated with a selection of examples.

    Un acelerador electrostático es una herramienta muy versátil para analizar materiales mediante las técnicas de haces de iones. Estas técnicas, conocidas como técnicas IBA (ion beam analysis, son ampliamente utilizadas para la caracterización cuantitativa y no destructiva de la estructura y la composición de la zona próxima a la superficie de cualquier material, hasta profundidades de 10 μm y con resolución superficial de 2 a 20 nm. Sus aplicaciones abarcan muchos campos, entre los que destacan: ciencia de materiales, microelectrónica, metalurgia, mineralogía, estudios medioambientales, ciencias biomédicas, arte y arqueología, etc. En este trabajo se revisan los principios físicos de las técnicas IBA y algunas de sus capacidades analíticas se ilustran con una selección de ejemplos.

  1. Avaliação da dureza superficial de cimentos de ionômero de vidro reforçados por nanotubos de carbono

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mayra Manoella Perez Reis dos Santos

    Full Text Available Introdução Os cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV são materiais com baixa resistência à tração e ao cisalhamento, mostrando-se, portanto, contraindicados para áreas sujeitas às grandes cargas oclusais. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da incorporação de nanotubos de carbono em CIV por meio de dureza superficial Knoop. Material e método Foram confeccionados 48 espécimes, divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tipo de CIV (n=12 – convencional ou de alta viscosidade, incorporados ou não de nanotubos de carbono (NC a 2%: (A Vidrion R; (B Vidrion R + NC 2%; (C Vitro Molar, e (D Vitro Molar + NC 2%. Os espécimes foram preparados utilizando-se seringa Centrix, para inserção do material em moldes plásticos, e armazenados em água deionizada por 24 horas. Após polimento, realizou-se o teste de dureza superficial com penetrador do tipo Knoop. Foram realizadas cinco endentações em cada espécime, distanciadas entre si em 100 µm. Resultado Os valores médios de dureza foram 58,96 ± 8,29 (A, 34,81 ± 5,78 (B, 60,84 ± 4,91 (C e 41,97 ± 5,45 (D. O teste ANOVA detectou diferenças estatisticamente significantes para os dois parâmetros estudados, tipo de material (p=0,016 e inclusão de NC (p0,05, enquanto os grupos B e D apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05. Ao comparar o fator incorporação ou não de NC, observou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos A e B, e entre os grupos C e D (p<0,05. Conclusão A incorporação de nanotubos de carbono influenciou negativamente os valores de dureza superficial para os dois tipos de CIV utilizados.

  2. Anthelmintic effect of carob pods and sainfoin hay when fed to lambs after experimental trickle infections with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arroyo-Lopez Celia

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the study was to compare the in vivo anthelmintic activity of sainfoin hay (Onobrychis viciifolia and carob pod meal (Ceratonia siliqua against gastrointestinal nematodes. Seven days before infection, 64 naive lambs were assigned to four different groups: Group S received sainfoin hay and group CAR was fed with carob pods. The remaining lambs received lucerne hay (Medicago sativa and were assigned to positive (non-treated, NT and negative (treated, T control groups (treatment with albendazole. On day 0, lambs were artificially trickle infected for 6 weeks, with a mixture of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Parasitological and pathophysiological parameters were measured repeatedly during the 2-month study. Compared to the NT group, decreases in egg excretion were observed in the CAR and S groups with significant differences only found for sainfoin (p < 0.05. At necropsy, group S showed decreases in the total worm numbers of both nematode species with significant differences for H. contortus. In contrast, no differences were noticed for the CAR group. Compared to the NT group, lower values for fecundity of female H. contortus were found in the S and CAR groups, however differences were non-significant. No differences in body weight gains were found between groups. Consistent results were found showing significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV values in the T and S groups compared to NT and CAR groups. Overall, these results confirm a positive effect associated with the feeding of lambs with tanniniferous resources on host resilience (PCV values and against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes by affecting some biological traits of worm populations (e.g. eggs per gram of faeces and worm numbers. However, the anthelmintic effects differed between the two tannin-containing resources, which might be associated with the quantity and/or quality of secondary metabolites (condensed tannins and

  3. Uptake of free and complexed silver ions by different strains of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Acúmulo de íons de prata livres e complexados por diferentes linhagens de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Newton C.M. Gomes

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Five strains of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were tested for the ability to accumulate free and complexed silver ions by metabolism-dependent and -independent processes. The ability to take up Ag+ was observed in both live and dead biomass, whereas silver dicyanide [Ag (CN2-] uptake was strictly glucose dependent. In contrast to Ag (CN2-, glucose addition inhibited by 16 to 25% the Ag+ uptake rate of living UFMG - Y02, Y27, and Y35 cells, while strains CBS 316 and UFMG-Y01 showed an improved uptake rate of about 115% and 13%, respectively. The Langmuir sorption model was used to evaluate the silver sorption capability of the R. mucilaginosa strains. The calculated q max value suggested that R. mucilaginosa strains UFMG-Y27 had the highest loading capacity. The type strain CBS 316 had the lowest q max but showed the highest affinity for silver ions. The results provided by the Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis (FTIR suggest that C=O groups represent the main reactive site for silver uptake by the strain UFMG-Y27.Quatro linhagens de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa e uma linhagem padrão dessa mesma espécie foram investigadas quanto a habilidade de acumular íons de prata livres (Ag+ e complexados [Ag (CN2-], através de processos dependentes e independentes do metabolismo. A habilidade de acumular Ag+ foi observada em ambas as células, vivas e mortas. Contudo, o acúmulo de Ag (CN2- foi um processo estritamente dependente de energia. Durante os estudos que avaliaram a dependência de uma fonte energética para o acumulo de íons de prata livres (Ag+ foi observado que a adição de glicose resultou na diminuição do acúmulo de Ag+ por três linhagens (UFMG -- Y02, 27 and 35. Ao passo que as linhagens CBS 316 e UFMG -- Y01 apresentaram aumento do acúmulo desse metal. A analise dos resultados de biossorção através do modelo de Langmuir, sugerem que a linhagem UFMG -- Y27 possui a maior capacidade de acúmulo de prata (carga. Enquanto que a linhagem

  4. Effect of monensin withdrawal on intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation parameters by Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus steers consuming bermudagrass hay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Effects of monensin withdrawal and cattle subspecies on the utilization of bermudagrass hay (14.3% CP, 72.3% NDF, and 36.9% ADF) were evaluated using ruminally cannulated steers (5 Bos Taurus indicus [BI] and 5 Bos taurus taurus [BT]). Subspecies were concurrently subjected to a 2-period, 2-treatme...

  5. Making the invisible visible: improved electrospray ion formation of metalloporphyrins/-phthalocyanines by attachment of the formate anion (HCOO(-)).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hitzenberger, Jakob Felix; Dammann, Claudia; Lang, Nina; Lungerich, Dominik; García-Iglesias, Miguel; Bottari, Giovanni; Torres, Tomás; Jux, Norbert; Drewello, Thomas

    2016-02-21

    A protocol is developed for the coordination of the formate anion (HCOO(-)) to neutral metalloporphyrins (Pors) and -phthalocyanines (Pcs) containing divalent metals as a means to improve their ion formation in electrospray ionization (ESI). This method is particularly useful when the oxidation of the neutral metallomacrocycle fails. While focusing on Zn(II)Pors and Zn(II)Pcs, we show that formate is also readily attached to Mn(II), Mg(II) and Co(II)Pcs. However, for the Co(II)Pc secondary reactions can be observed. Upon collision-induced dissociation (CID), Zn(II)Por/Pc·formate supramolecular complexes can undergo the loss of CO2 in combination with transfer of a hydride anion (H(-)) to the zinc metal center. Further dissociation leads to electron transfer and hydrogen atom loss, generating a route to the radical anion of the Zn(II)Por/Pc without the need for electrochemical reduction, although the Zn(II)Por/Pc may have a too low electron affinity to allow electron transfer directly from the formate anion. In addition to single Por molecules, multi Por arrays were successfully analyzed by this method. In this case, multiple addition of formate occurs, giving rise to multiply charged species. In these multi Por arrays, complexation of the formate anion occurs by two surrounding Por units (sandwich). Therefore, the maximum attainment of formate anions in these arrays corresponds to the number of such sandwich complexes rather than the number of porphyrin moieties. The same bonding motif leads to dimers of the composition [(Zn(II)Por/Pc)2·HCOO](-). In these, the formate anion can act as a structural probe, allowing the distinction of isomeric ions with the formate bridging two macrocycles or being attached to a dimer of directly connected macrocycles.

  6. ¿Qué hay de positivo en la eugenesia positiva?.

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez López, Blanca

    2014-01-01

    El término «eugenesia» está lleno de connotaciones negativas, por lo general debidas a su asociación con los crímenes cometidos por los nazis y con prácticas tales como la esterilización forzosa. Al mismo tiempo, su significado es indeterminado. Esto influye en el debate contemporáneo sobre el conocimiento genético y las técnicas asociadas aplicadas a la reproducción humana. Con el objetivo de clarificar el debate, en este trabajo ofreceremos tanto una visión histórica más ampl...

  7. Portable exhauster POR-007/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F storage plan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nelson, O.D.

    1998-01-01

    This document provides storage requirements for 1,000 CFM portable exhausters POR-O07/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F. These requirements are presented in three parts: preparation for storage, storage maintenance and testing, and retrieval from storage. The exhauster component identification numbers listed in this document contain the prefix POR-007 or POR-008 depending on which exhauster is being used

  8. Effect of monensin inclusion on intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation parameters by Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus steers consuming bermudagrass hay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Effects of monensin inclusion and cattle subspecies on utilization of bermudagrass hay (13.7% CP, 77.3% NDF, and 38.8% ADF) were evaluated using ruminally cannulated steers (5 Bos taurus indicus [BI] and 5 Bos taurus taurus [BT]; 398 kg BW). Subspecies were concurrently subjected to a 2-period, 2-t...

  9. La Neurobiología del Prejuicio Social.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Jácome Roca

    2007-09-01

    El prejuicio social preserva la identidad y cohesión del grupo. También preserva cualquier ventaja genética adquirida durante la evolución. El prejuicio y por consiguiente la discriminación de otros, mantiene la biodiversidad y la psico-diversidad requerida para el progreso. Si no hay conflicto, no hay progreso ni adquisición de calidades favorables a la supervivencia de la especie...

  10. Anemia y deficiencia de hierro en mujeres en edad reproductiva usuarias del Hospital Regional de Villa Hayes, Paraguay

    OpenAIRE

    Jessica Riveros; Gloria Echagüe; Santiago Evers; Laura Mendoza

    2015-01-01

    La anemia es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. En Paraguay, existen datos limitados sobre la frecuencia de anemia en mujeres en edad reproductiva no gestantes. Este estudio piloto descriptivo de corte transverso tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro, el estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios y tóxicos en 99 mujeres no gestantes en edad reproductiva de 18 a 48 años que acudieron al Hospital Regional de Villa Hayes en Octubre del 2.014. La a...

  11. Benefit from the association of small amounts of tannin-rich shrub foliage (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl.) with soya bean meal given as supplements to Barbarine sheep fed on oaten hay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ben Salem, H.; Makkar, H.P.S.; Nefzaoui, A.; Abidi, S.; Hassayoun, L.

    2005-01-01

    Two trials were conducted to test the hypotheses that (i) feeding small amount of a tanniniferous shrub foliage (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl., acacia) increases the proportion of rumen undegradable protein, and consequently benefits growth performance in Barbarine lamb; and (ii) such positive effect depends on the timing of feeding tannin source (i.e. acacia) relative to protein source (soya bean meal, SBM). Total (TT) and condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in air-dried acacia leaves used in this study averaged 29 g tannic acid and 48 g leucocyanidin equivalents per kg dry matter (DM), respectively. In trial 1, rumen fistulated ewes received oaten hay (hay) ad libitum and 200 g SBM (D1), D1 and 100 g acacia fed with the SBM (D2, mixed strategy) or as D2, but the SBM fed 1 h later than acacia when acacia was consumed completely (D3, sequential strategy). Hay intake, diet digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters (pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and total volatile fatty acids) and in situ degradation of SBM nitrogen were similar between D1 and D2 (P > 0.05). However, the sequential strategy (D3) resulted in efficient use of N as reflected by the decrease of crude protein digestibility (CPD), plasma urea, NH 3 -N concentration and in situ degradation of SBM nitrogen. In trial 2, four groups each of six Barbarine lambs (initial LW 35.3 ± 3.7 kg) received for 90 days: hay ad libitum and 200 g SBM (D1), D1 and 20 g polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4000) mixed with SBM (D2), D1 and 100 g acacia with the SBM fed 1 h later when acacia was completely consumed (sequential strategy) (D3) or D3 and 20 g PEG fed with the SBM (D4). Polyethylene glycol was here used to deactivate tannins. Hay intake and DM, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility were similar among dietary treatment (P > 0.05). However, supplementing lambs with SBM and acacia without PEG (D3) resulted in a significant decrease (P 0.05). However, those supplemented with acacia without PEG (D3) had

  12. Chemical composition, fatty acid content and antioxidant potential of meat from goats supplemented with Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, sunflower cake and grass hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qwele, K; Hugo, A; Oyedemi, S O; Moyo, B; Masika, P J; Muchenje, V

    2013-03-01

    The present study determined the chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) content and antioxidant capacity of meat from goats supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) or sunflower cake (SC) or grass hay (GH). The meat from goat supplemented with MOL had higher concentrations of total phenolic content (10.62±0.27 mg tannic acid equivalent E/g). The MOL significantly scavenged 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid (ABTS) radical to 93.51±0.19% (93.51±0.19%) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical to 58.95±0.3% than other supplements. The antioxidative effect of MOL supplemented meat on catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid oxidation (LO) was significantly (Pmeat from goat feed on grass hay or those supplemented with sunflower seed cake. The present study indicated that the anti-oxidative potential of MOL may play a role in improving meat quality (chemical composition, colour and lipid stability). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. CALCIUM SOURCE EFFECT ON APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASS HAY Brachiaria decumbens Staph cv. Basiliski EFEITO DA FONTE DE CÁLCIO (calcário vs Lithothamnium calcareum) NA DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DE CAPIM Brachiaria decumbens Staph cv. Basiliski

    OpenAIRE

    Deborah Gonçalves Rodrigues; Clizeide R. Oliveira; Benir de Oliveira; Celso de Paula Costa; Geisa Fleury Orsine

    2007-01-01

    An experiment was developed to determine the effect of addition of the marine alga Lithothamnium calcareum in the apparent digestibility of a low quality forage. Twelve adult lambs were kept in metabolical individual cages using a randomly design with three replications and four treatments as follows: I - Brachiaria decumbens grass hay, processed after the seed harvest; II - Hay plus 1000 ppm of calcium from CaCO3 ...

  14. Abuse of Power, Gender Violence and the Tragic Convention: the Dénouement of «No hay cosa como callar» by Calderón

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Arellano

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available his article analyzes the dénouement of Calderon’s No hay cosa como callar, with the aim of showing the tragic quality of the work, which destroys the possibility of the central character being happy, as she has been raped by a cynical and abusive gentleman.

  15. Recuperación de iones cobre por flotación con amilxantato de potasio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramírez-Serrano, B.

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available In this paper a study about the column flotation process of copper ion employing potassium amylxanthate as collector reagent is carried out. The effect on the recovery of copper ion by the modification of variables such as collector/metal relation and surface velocity of gas and liquid was determined experimentally by the analysis of the statistic-mathematical model of the copper flotation process, as well as the physico-chemical phenomena that take place, showing the effect of the collector/metal relation in the process. The effect of pH as the main properties of the chemical system in the recovery and the kinetic of the flotation process is made too. The experimental results shows that the recovery of copper in the pH range of 4,5 - 12 is possible with prevalence of precipitate flotation.

    Se realiza un estudio sobre la flotación en columnas de iones cobre utilizando como reactivo colector amilxantato de potasio. Se determina experimentalmente el efecto de la modificación de las variables relación colector/metal, velocidad superficial del gas y del líquido sobre la recuperación, a partir del análisis del modelo matemático-estadístico que caracteriza la flotación de cobre, así como de los fenómenos físico-químicos que tienen lugar, donde se comprueba el papel preponderante de la variable relación colector/metal en la recuperación de cobre. Se estudia además, el efecto del pH como elemento determinante de las características químicas del sistema en la recuperación y la cinética del proceso de flotación. Los resultados experimentales muestran que es posible la recuperación del cobre disuelto para el rango de pH de 4,5 a 12 con predominio de la flotación de precipitados.

  16. Mecanismos moleculares por los cuales los ácidos grasos podrían influir en la captación de glucosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Eugenia Pérez

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta revisión tiene el propósito de actualizar el probable mecanismo molecular que ejercen los ácidos grasos en las células que captan glucosa, bajo el estimulo de la insulina y su posible implicación en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la que suelen asociarse resistencia a la insulina, obesidad y síndrome metabólico. Entre los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales un aumento de los ácidos grasos libres podría producir resistencia a la insulina, se encuentra la disminución de los niveles de xilulosa 5-fosfato que bloquea la glucólisis por inhibición de la fosfofructocinasa, ello conduce a un aumento de los productos finales en la vía de las hexosaminas y a la activación de la proteincinasa C, un conocido activador de inhibidor de la cinasa Kappa Beta que inhibe la fosforilación del receptor del sustrato de insulina en tirosina, bloqueando los transportadores de glucosa. Existen investigaciones que sugieren que los ácidos grasos libres están implicados en la insulino-resistencia pero el mecanismo bioquímico no esta dilucidado del todo, pues no hay un mecanismo integral que los relacione o interconecte para concluir determinantemente cómo los altos niveles de ácidos grasos libres inducen la resistencia a la insulina.

  17. DESAJUSTE EDUCATIVO POR REGIONES EN COLOMBIA: ¿COMPETENCIA POR SALARIOS O POR PUESTOS DE TRABAJO?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maribel Castillo Caicedo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación, entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.

  18. Ion-specific thermodynamical properties of aqueous proteins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo R.A. Lima

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Ion-specific interactions between two colloidal particles are calculated using a modified Poisson-Boltzmann (PBequationandMonteCarlo(MCsimulations. PBequationspresentgoodresultsofionicconcentration profiles around a macroion, especially for salt solutions containing monovalent ions. These equations include not only electrostatic interactions, but also dispersion potentials originated from polarizabilities of ions and proteins. This enables us to predict ion-specific properties of colloidal systems. We compared results obtained from the modified PB equation with those from MC simulations and integral equations. Phase diagrams and osmotic second virial coefficients are also presented for different salt solutions at different pH and ionic strengths, in agreement with the experimental results observed Hofmeister effects. In order to include the water structure and hydration effect, we have used an effective interaction obtained from molecular dynamics of each ion and a hydrophobic surface combined with PB equation. The method has been proved to be efficient and suitable for describing phenomena where the water structure close to the interface plays an essential role. Important thermodynamic properties related to protein aggregation, essential in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, can be obtained from the method shown here.Interações íon-específicas (dependentes do tipo de íon presente em solução entre duas partículas coloidais são calculadas usando a equação de Poisson-Boltzmann (PB modificada e simulações de Monte Carlo (MC. As equações de PB apresentam bons resultados de perfis de concentração nas proximidades de um macro-íon, principalmente para soluções salinas contendo íons monovalentes. Estas equações incluem não só interações eletrostáticas, mas também potenciais de dispersão, que têm origem nas polarizabilidades de íons e proteínas, permitindo a predição de propriedades íon-específicas de

  19. Eritema multiforme mayor desencadenado por antimicrobianos Big multiform erythema triggered by antimicrobials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronaldo de Carvalho Raimundo

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available El eritema multiforme, aparece como una enfermedad sistémica con la participación de la piel y las membranas mucosas en relación con varios factores como las infecciones bacterianas o virales, y en particular la administración de drogas, analgésicos y antibióticos en general. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 29 años de edad con eritema multiforme mayor desencadenado por antimicrobianos con la aparición de lesiones vesiculares-bulloso-ulcerosas en las regiones de los labios, encías, la lengua y la mucosa genital en tratamiento de una infección del tracto urinario con norfloxacino 400 mg por una semana. Fue realizado un tratamiento de soporte con el uso de colutorios para la higienización bucal y pomada a base de corticoide para protección de las úlceras, antihistamínicos y orientación nutricional de dieta líquida hipercalórica e hiperproteica. Este síndrome está caracterizado como un proceso eruptivo buloso agudo que compromete la calidad de vida del paciente y no hay pruebas de laboratorio específicas por lo que su diagnóstico debe estar basado en la revisión minuciosa de la anamnesis y en los hallazgos clínicos.The multiform erythema appears as a systemic disease where skin and the mucous membranes have participation in relation to some factors such as bacterial or viral infections and in particular the drugs administration, analgesics and antibiotics in general. The aim of present paper was the presentation of case of big multiform erythema triggering by antimicrobials. Authors present the case of a male patient aged 29 with appearance of ulcerous bullous-vesicular lesions in lips, gums, tongue and genital mucosa under treatment with 400 mg norfloxacin due to urinary tract infection for a week. We made support treatment using mouthwashes for oral hygiene and corticoids ointment for ulcer protection, antihistaminics and nutritional guiding of a hypercaloric and hyperprotein liquid diet. This syndrome is characterized

  20. Production of alfalfa hay under different drying methods Produção de feno de alfafa sob diferentes métodos de desidratação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcela Abbado Neres

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available This trial aimed at determining the dehydration curve at nine times (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 46 hours after cuting of the plants; the leaf/stem ratio and number of leaves per stem in alfalfa submitted to four managements during the drying process. It was also evaluated the bromatologic composition and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and cell wall of alfalfa hay before storage. The drying methods applied for alfalfa were the following: drying in the field until 50% DM and drying conclusion in an airy shed; drying in the field without turning; drying with only one turning and drying with two turnings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four drying methods and five replications. Leaf dehydration was faster when compared to the stems in all drying methods. Drying in the shed promoted the lesser re-hydration of the plants at night due to dew. It was also verified that alfalfa hays that remained under the sun and were turned showed the worst quality with reduction in crude protein contents and increase in NDF, ADF, NDIN and ADIN. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility did not suffer any alteration because of the different dehydration methods (69.79 and 41.39%, respectively. There is a market fall of leaves and a reduction on the number of leaves per stem with the turnings.Os objetivos do trabalho foram estimar a curva de desidratação em nove tempos (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 e 46 horas após o corte, a relação folha/haste, número de folhas por haste de alfafa submetida a quatro manejos no processo de secagem. Também foram avaliadas a composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e parede celular do feno antes do armazenamento. Os métodos de secagem da alfafa foram: secagem a campo até 50% de MS e término da secagem em galpão arejado, secagem a campo sem nenhuma viragem; secagem com apenas uma viragem; secagem com duas viragens. O delineamento

  1. Storage characteristics, nutritive value, energy content, and in-vivo digestibility of moist large-rectangular bales of alfalfa-orchardgrass hay treated with a propionic-acid-based preservative

    Science.gov (United States)

    Unstable weather, poor drying conditions, and unpredictable rainfall events often place valuable hay crops at risk. Recent research with large-round bales comprised of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has shown that these large-bale packages are particularly sens...

  2. ¿Hay una teoría normativa de la justicia en Marx?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Curcó Cobos

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available La obra de Marx ha suscitado una  añeja polémica entre sus estudiosos. Algunos han mantenido que el lenguaje desarrollado en ella es estrictamente explicativo. Dicho lenguaje expresaría ante todo un saber científico expurgado de todo contenido moral (sobre la estructura del capital, las fuerzas que causan la dinámica social y las leyes que la rigen. En el otro extremo, en cambio, otros han argüido que en Marx hallamos más bien un lenguaje ético orientado a denunciar los crímenes y miserias de una determinada formación social con el fin de oponerle otra. En este artículo defiendo la idea de que en la obra de Marx hay elementos tanto para afirmar una cosa como la otra. Sin embargo, argumento que la actualidad del pensamiento marxista  reside esencialmente en los elementos éticos y normativos que configuran la dimensión moral de su planteamiento.

  3. Resistência de união imediata por tração de diferentes cimentos de ionômero de vidro a uma liga de Ni-Cr = Immediate tensile bond strength of different glass ionomer luting cements to a NiCr alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferraz, Roberta Penteado

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união imediata por tração de diferentes cimentos de ionômero de vidro: convencional (Vidrion C, Vidrion C Caps, Ketac Cem, resinomodificado (Rely X, Protec Cem e o cimento de Fosfato de Zinco a uma liga de NiCr. Foram confeccionados pares de dispositivos metálicos em NiCr, com superfícies planas, próprios para a cimentação e testes de tração. Foram cimentados 12 pares metálicos de NiCr para cada agente cimentante, preparados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante, totalizando 72 corpos de prova. Para manter os corpos de prova em posição e com carga constante durante a cimentação utilizou-se uma mesa metálica. Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em água destilada a 37° C durante 1 hora e, em seguida, submetidos aos testes de tração. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a ANOVA e Teste de Tukey (p < 0. 05. As médias de resistência, em MPa, encontradas foram: Vidrion C = 8,86; Vidrion C Caps = 10,91; Ketac Cem = 11,48; Rely X = 9,48; Protec Cem = 10,06; Fosfato de Zinco = 2,69. Todos os cimentos de ionômero de vidro testados apresentaram a média de resistência de união imediata por tração maior e estatisticamente significante que o cimento de Fosfato de Zinco. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias de resistência obtidas para o Ketac-Cem, Vidrion C Caps, Protec Cem e Rely X, porém, o Ketac-Cem apresentou média estatisticamente significante e superior ao Vidrion C

  4. Effect of feeding long or short wheat hay v. wheat silage in the ration of lactating cows on intake, milk production and digestibility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaani, Y; Nikbachat, M; Yosef, E; Ben-Meir, Y; Mizrahi, I; Miron, J

    2017-12-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate in lactating cows the effect of either chopping or ensiling of wheat roughage on: intake, digestibility, lactation performance and animal behavior. Three groups of 14 lactating cows each, were fed total mixed rations (TMRs) based on either long wheat hay (HL), short wheat hay (HS) or wheat silage (SI), as the sole roughage source (30% of TMR dry matter (DM)). Parameters examined: sorting behavior, DM intake, milk yield and composition, rumination, recumbence, average daily rumen pH, digesta passage rate, and in-vivo digestibility. Performance data was summarized by day and analyzed using a proc-mixed model. The content of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) was similar in the HL and SI and lower in the HS, resulting in similar differences among the three corresponding TMRs. In vitro DM digestibility of wheat silage was higher than that of the two hays (65.6% v. 62.8%) resulting in higher in vitro DM digestibility of the SI-TMR compared with the hay-based TMRs (79.3 v. 77.0%). HS-TMR was better than HL- or SI-TMRs at preventing feed sorting by cows after 12 or 24 h eating of the diets. Cows fed HS-TMR consumed more DM and NDF but less peNDF than the other two groups. Average daily rumen pH was similar in the three groups, but daily rumination time was highest in the cows fed HS-TMR. Rumen retention time was longest in cows fed HL-TMR. DM digestibility in cows fed SI-TMR was higher than that of HS and HL groups (65.2%, 61.8% and 62.4%, respectively), but NDF digestibility was similar in the three treatments. The highest intake of digestible DM was observed in cows fed SI-TMR, HS cows were intermediate and HL cows were the lowest. Consequently, cows fed SI-TMR had higher yields of milk, 4% fat corrected milk and energy-corrected milk (47.1, 42.9 and 43.2 kg/day, respectively) than cows fed HS-TMR (45.7, 41.0 and 41.0 kg/day, respectively) or HL-TMR (44.1, 40.3 and 40.3 kg/day, respectively). Net energy

  5. Uranium hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance of the Mt. Hayes NTMS quadrangle, Alaska

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1981-05-01

    Results of a hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance of the Mt. Hayes quadrangle, Alaska, are presented. In addition to this abbreviated data release, more complete data are available to the public in machine-readable form. In this data release are location data, field analyses, and Laboratory analyses of several different sample media. For the sake of brevity, many field site observations have not been included in this volume. These data are, however, available on the magnetic tape. Appendices A to D describe the sample media and summarize the analytical results for each medium. The data were subsetted by one of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) sorting programs into groups of stream sediment, lake sediment, stream water, lake water, and ground water samples. For each group which contains a sufficient number of observations, statistical tables, tables of raw data, and 1:1000000 scale maps of pertinent elements have been included in this report

  6. Los Silencios de la Técnica y Clínica Psicoanalítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Sánchez Medina

    1992-12-01

    Full Text Available

    (Leído en el homenaje al doctor Arturo Lizarazo Bohórquez, pionero del psicoanálisis en Colombia, en la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Santafé de Bogotá, marzo de 1992.

    Fue Freud quien descubrió la técnica de la “curación por la palabra”; sin embargo, no hay palabras sin silencios y no hay silencios vivos sin pensamientos e imágenes internas no verbalizadas; unos y otras se interrelacionan, construyen o juegan para construir el diálogo, el discurso con o sin conceptos propositivos.

    Recavando en la evolución del hombre, nos encontramos con que éste emergió del silencio para comunicarse con el otro a través de la palabra pensante, estableciendo un diálogo. Esto lo diferencia del animal, el que también tiene sus sistemas de comunicación pero no llega a la palabra, hablada y menos escrita, con sentido y significado.

    Por su parte el psicoanálisis lo conocemos como el diálogo entre dos, en donde se habla de uno y de la interacción de los dos. Es bien sabido que para conocer del otro es necesario escucharlo, es decir, hay que aprender a oír y estar en silencio. Hay un oír comprensivo, presente, actuante, de interrelación, de traducción, tranquilo; a la vez, hay otro en donde el sujeto oyente imagina, sueña o guerrea porque no entiende y así huye en una fantasía sin comprensión, sin comunicación y sin conceptos.

    Bien es conocido el dicho que “la palabra es de plata y el silencio es de oro” y “quien llega a conocer sus silencios se llega a conocer a sí mismo, a tener una pequeña luz de sabiduría y de paz”; se habla que hay una “palabra” y todo un lenguaje del silencio, por eso se ha creado una semiótica (significaciones del silencio.

    Hay silencios de silencios y hay silencios que parten de otro silencio para llegar a un hablar comprensivo, éste es el que ocurre en psicoanálisis. El hombre necesita de estos silencios para entenderse, para o

  7. Desajuste educativo por regiones en Colombia: ¿competencia por salarios o por puestos de trabajo?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castillo Caicedo Maribel

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación,
    entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado
    por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se
    desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de
    puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las
    contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se
    examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste
    educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y
    nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis
    para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento
    del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.

  8. Anthelmintic effect of carob pods and sainfoin hay when fed to lambs after experimental trickle infections with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arroyo-Lopez, Celia; Manolaraki, Foteini; Saratsis, Anastasios; Saratsi, Katerina; Stefanakis, Alexandros; Skampardonis, Vasileios; Voutzourakis, Nikolaos; Hoste, Hervé; Sotiraki, Smaragda

    2014-01-01

    The aim of the study was to compare the in vivo anthelmintic activity of sainfoin hay (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pod meal (Ceratonia siliqua) against gastrointestinal nematodes. Seven days before infection, 64 naive lambs were assigned to four different groups: Group S received sainfoin hay and group CAR was fed with carob pods. The remaining lambs received lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) and were assigned to positive (non-treated, NT) and negative (treated, T) control groups (treatment with albendazole). On day 0, lambs were artificially trickle infected for 6 weeks, with a mixture of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Parasitological and pathophysiological parameters were measured repeatedly during the 2-month study. Compared to the NT group, decreases in egg excretion were observed in the CAR and S groups with significant differences only found for sainfoin (p < 0.05). At necropsy, group S showed decreases in the total worm numbers of both nematode species with significant differences for H. contortus. In contrast, no differences were noticed for the CAR group. Compared to the NT group, lower values for fecundity of female H. contortus were found in the S and CAR groups, however differences were non-significant. No differences in body weight gains were found between groups. Consistent results were found showing significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) values in the T and S groups compared to NT and CAR groups. Overall, these results confirm a positive effect associated with the feeding of lambs with tanniniferous resources on host resilience (PCV values) and against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes by affecting some biological traits of worm populations (e.g. eggs per gram of faeces and worm numbers). However, the anthelmintic effects differed between the two tannin-containing resources, which might be associated with the quantity and/or quality of secondary metabolites (condensed tannins and/or other

  9. LAS ASOCIACIONES DE MIGRANTES HAITIANOS EN EL ECUADOR: ENTRE DEBILIDAD Y RESISTENCIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Burbano Alarcón

    Full Text Available Resumen Las iniciativas asociativas haitianas en Ecuador hay que verlas dentro del contexto generado por el terremoto del año 2010 en Haití. Se trata de una población que se ha visto forzada a migrar, pero que no se la considera dentro de los parámetros de protección de acuerdo a la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951, por lo que permanecen en situación de desprotección por su irregularidad migratoria. En este contexto, hay dos asociaciones haitianas en Quito que han jugado un importante rol especialmente en el ámbito de la asesoría y comunicación, tornándose en espacios de participación cívica. Al ser iniciativas asociativas débiles, peligran su existencia al contar con pocas redes de apoyo institucional.

  10. Familiares, víctimas y derechos humanos: la política y tradición jurídica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omar Darío Heffes

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Las fotos de los familiares muertos han invadido las calles. Desdehace aproximadamente treinta años hay un reclamo continuo por la vida y lajusticia, un reclamo por estas víctimas. Distintos han sido los perpetradoresy distintas han sido las víctimas, sin embargo, hay algo en común que losune a todos.Ese lazo son los familiares. Los familiares han hecho un esfuerzomagnífico para que sus reclamos pudieran ser escuchados, para conseguir elesclarecimiento de los crímenes, la obtención de una declaración verdaderade lo sucedido y principalmente el juicio y castigo a los culpables.Se ha formalizado, entonces, un pedido claro hacia uno de lospoderes del Estado. Claramente la institución judicial se tuvo que enfrentaren estos últimos treinta años a un requerimiento por parte de los familiares.

  11. Meal pattern analysis for effects of compound feed formulation in mid to late lactating dairy cows fed hay and compound feed both ad libitum

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Leen, F.; Navarro-Villa, A.; Fowers, R.; Martin-Tereso, J.; Pellikaan, W.F.

    2014-01-01

    The Kempen System is a dairy feeding system allowing ad libitum access to pelleted compound feed (CF) and hay. This system allows high DM intake (DMI) up to 30 kg DM (80% CF), but small and frequent CF meals are essential to reduce negative ruminal pH fluctuations. Little is known about feed intake

  12. Structural Insights into the PorK and PorN Components of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Type IX Secretion System.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dhana G Gorasia

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The type IX secretion system (T9SS has been recently discovered and is specific to Bacteroidetes species. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilizes the T9SS to transport many proteins including the gingipain virulence factors across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface via a sortase-like mechanism. At least 11 proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN and PorP, however the precise roles of most of these proteins have not been elucidated and the structural organization of these components is unknown. In this study, we purified PorK and PorN complexes from P. gingivalis and using electron microscopy we have shown that PorN and the PorK lipoprotein interact to form a 50 nm diameter ring-shaped structure containing approximately 32-36 subunits of each protein. The formation of these rings was dependent on both PorK and PorN, but was independent of PorL, PorM and PorP. PorL and PorM were found to form a separate stable complex. PorK and PorN were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the PorK lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between PorK and PorN and further revealed that they interact with the PG0189 outer membrane protein. Furthermore, we established that PorN was required for the stable expression of PorK, PorL and PorM. Collectively, these results suggest that the ring-shaped PorK/N complex may form part of the secretion channel of the T9SS. This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component.

  13. Structural Insights into the PorK and PorN Components of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Type IX Secretion System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gorasia, Dhana G; Veith, Paul D; Hanssen, Eric G; Glew, Michelle D; Sato, Keiko; Yukitake, Hideharu; Nakayama, Koji; Reynolds, Eric C

    2016-08-01

    The type IX secretion system (T9SS) has been recently discovered and is specific to Bacteroidetes species. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilizes the T9SS to transport many proteins including the gingipain virulence factors across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface via a sortase-like mechanism. At least 11 proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN and PorP, however the precise roles of most of these proteins have not been elucidated and the structural organization of these components is unknown. In this study, we purified PorK and PorN complexes from P. gingivalis and using electron microscopy we have shown that PorN and the PorK lipoprotein interact to form a 50 nm diameter ring-shaped structure containing approximately 32-36 subunits of each protein. The formation of these rings was dependent on both PorK and PorN, but was independent of PorL, PorM and PorP. PorL and PorM were found to form a separate stable complex. PorK and PorN were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the PorK lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between PorK and PorN and further revealed that they interact with the PG0189 outer membrane protein. Furthermore, we established that PorN was required for the stable expression of PorK, PorL and PorM. Collectively, these results suggest that the ring-shaped PorK/N complex may form part of the secretion channel of the T9SS. This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component.

  14. Ion-ion collisions and ion storage rings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mowat, J.R.

    1988-01-01

    Improved understanding of fundamental ion-ion interactions is expected to emerge from research carried out with ion storage rings. In this short survey the significant advantages and unique features that make stored ions useful targets for collision experiments are reviewed and discussed. It is pointed out that improvements to existing ion-ion experiments, as well as qualitatively new experiments, should occur over the next few years as ion storage rings become available for atomic physics. Some new experiments are suggested which are difficult if not impossible with present-day technology, but which seem feasible at storage rings facilities. (orig.)

  15. El desequilibrio de importancia entre las lenguas oficiales de Bolivia ¿ Por qué existen lenguas que son más oficiales que otras?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cancino, Rita

    EL DESEQUILIBRIO DE IMPORTANCIA ENTRE LAS LENGUAS OFICIALES DE BOLIVIA ¿ POR QUÉ EXISTEN LENGUAS QUE SON MÁS OFICIALES QUE OTRAS? Con la Constitución de Bolivia muchas lenguas originarias fueron declaradas oficiales y levantadas a un nivel de lengua oficial en paridad con el español. En el Artículo...... 5 de la Constitución boliviana, la Política del Estado reconoce oficialmente a 36 idiomas como lenguas oficiales. Este reconocimiento formó parte de un proceso de descolonización, devolviendo de esta manera el orgullo de las lenguas y culturas a los pueblos originarios de Bolivia. En 2012, se...... de Bolivia”. La pregunta es si esta política lingüística en realidad confiere a todas las lenguas oficiales el mismo peso, influencia e importancia o hay algunas menos poderosas. Palabras clave: Lenguas oficiales, política lingüística, lenguas originarias, bilingüismo, diglosia....

  16. The PorX response regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis PorXY two-component system does not directly regulate the Type IX secretion genes but binds the PorL subunit.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maxence S Vincent

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The Type IX secretion system (T9SS is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion of surface attachment of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses. Among these proteins, PorY and PorX encode typical two-component system (TCS sensor and CheY-like response regulator respectively. Although the porX and porY genes do not localize at the same genetic locus, it has been proposed that PorXY form a bona fide TCS. Deletion of the porX in P. gingivalis causes a slight decrease of the expression of a number of other T9SS genes, including sov, porT, porP, porK, porL, porM, porN and porY. Here, we show that PorX and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of PorY interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we showed that PorX does not bind and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. Finally, we show that PorX interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PorL, a component of the T9SS membrane core complex and propose that the CheY-like PorX protein might be involved in the dynamics of the T9SS.

  17. Cinética ruminal do feno de Stylosanthes guianensis Ruminal kinetics of Stylosanthes guianensis hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.M. Ladeira

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Sete carneiros fistulados no rúmen e no duodeno foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas e alimentados com feno de Stylosanthes guianensis à vontade. Foi empregada a técnica de sacos de náilon para determinação da degradabilidade in situ do feno, utilizando-se os tempos de 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas para as retiradas dos sacos do rúmen. A taxa de passagem dos sólidos foi determinada utilizando-se cromo mordante como indicador. Os valores de pH no líquido ruminal foram medidos nos tempos de 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas após a alimentação e a concentração de amônia nos tempos de 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 e 11 horas após a alimentação. A taxa de degradação da matéria seca (MS foi de 8,5%/h, a degradabilidade potencial 38,1% e a degradabilidade efetiva 30,3%. A taxa de degradação da proteína bruta (PB foi de 9,7%/h, a degradabilidade potencial 56,0% e a degradabilidade efetiva 47,5%. A celulose apresentou maior degradabilidade efetiva que a hemicelulose, com valores de 22,5 e 8,9%, respectivamente. A taxa de passagem dos sólidos foi 2,7%/h. O pH diminuiu linearmente à medida que os tempos de coleta aumentaram. Para o tempo de 5,13 horas após a alimentação, foi estimada a concentração máxima de amônia de 12,18mg/100ml. O feno de S. guianensis apresentou alta taxa de degradação e baixa degradabilidade ruminal da MS e PB.Seven rumen and duodenal cannulated lambs, were allocated in metabolic cages and were fed ad libitum with Stylosanthes guianensis hay. The in situ technique was used for determination of the degradability of the hay, at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. The passage rate of solids was determined using chromium mordant as external marker. The pH of the rumen liquid was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding and the ammonia concentration at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 hours after feeding. The degradation rate, the potential degradability, and the effective degradability of dry matter (DM were 8.5%/h, 38

  18. Regulación por proteasas del canal de sodio sensible al amiloride (ENaC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Galizia

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available El ENaC es un canal que permite el movimiento de Na+ desde el líquido luminal hacia las células en numerosos epitelios reabsortivos y también en otros tejidos como la placenta. ENaC juega un papel crucial en la homeostasis de los electrolitos y volumen de líquido extracelular. Es regulado por numerosas hormonas, incluyendo la aldosterona y bloqueado por el diurético amiloride. El ENaC está formado por tres subunidades homólogas α, β y γ que forman el poro por el cual se mueven los iones Na+. Dos factores regulan la actividad del ENaC. 1 el número de canales insertos en la membrana celular y 2 la probabilidad de apertura o tiempo en que se encuentra abierto el canal. El número de canales es el resultado de un balance entre su síntesis y degradación. La probabilidad de apertura depende de la proteólisis de zonas específicas de las subunidades α y γ por múltiples proteasas dentro de la célula y en el espacio extracelular. Entre las proteasas más estudiadas se encuentran la furina, prostasina, elastasa, plasmina y tripsina. Existen sustancias endógenas que bloquean la actividad de estas proteasas como la aprotinina, la bikunina y la nexina-1 y la expresión de las proteasas y sus inhibidores es regulada a su vez por la aldosterona, la tasa de movimiento de Na y el TFGβ. En este trabajo presentamos algunos ejemplos de esta regulación y su potencial papel en condiciones normales y en ciertas enfermedades como la fibrosis quística, renales e hipertensión.

  19. GENES Y EVOLUCION EL DELGADO HILO QUE NOS CONECTA POR MILES DE MILLONES DE AÑOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Garcia

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available La escala temporal en nuestra cotidianidad refleja una pequeña fracción de la historia evolutiva de los organismos, incluidos los humanos. La edad del planeta se estima en 4,500 millones de años, en los cuales profundos cambios en la posición de los continentes y grandes transformaciones en el clima de la tierra ocurrieron, aunque los cambios más drásticos surgen tan sólo en los últimos 500 millones de años. La genética ha sido herramienta fundamental para evidenciar el cambio de los organismos a lo largo de miles y millones de años. El material genético, elemento históricamente compartido por los seres vivos es una huella molecular para estudiar y rastrear cambios en el pasado. Así, los científicos logran estudiar en las secuencias de ADN o proteínas cómo evolucionaron los grandes grupos de animales, cuando surgieron importantes novedades evolutivas, cómo interaccionan los genes, y determinar las relaciones evolutivas entre las formas del pasado y las contemporáneas. Las relaciones entre organismos se explican por simple similaridad, por compartir características únicas o mediante modelos matemáticos que describen como evolucionan las secuencias de ADN y las proteínas. La genética también evidencia lo dinámico de los genomas, pues hay ganancia y perdida de genes, nuevas funciones, y transferencia horizontal de genes, mecanismos que incrementan la diversidad orgánica existente hoy. Aunque el ambiente es determinante en la evolución de los organismos, es imprescindible reconocer que hay un hilo conductor muy fino y fuerte que nos une inevitablemente a esas primeras moléculas que se formaron hace 4,500 millones de años. Palabras clave: Evolución, genoma, genética, transferencia horizontal de genes, mutación. ABSTRACT The temporal scale in our daily life is a small fraction of the evolutionary history of organisms, included the humans. The planet age is estimated in 4,5 billion years, in which profound changes in

  20. Variaciones regionales de la mortalidad por homicidios en Jalisco, México Regional variations in homicide mortality in Jalisco, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Guadalupe Vega-López

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio busca describir las variaciones regionales de la mortalidad por homicidios en el estado de Jalisco, México, en 1989-1991, 1994-1996 y 1999-2000, analizando a su vez el comportamiento de la tasa de homicidios según género y estratos de bienestar socioeconómico. A partir de la información sobre mortalidad generada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía y Informática, se calcularon tasas ajustadas por edad y género e índices de sobremortalidad masculina. Además, se calcularon razones de tasa y su intervalo de confianza (95%. Los resultados reflejan que la tasa de homicidios presenta una tendencia decreciente en los años 90; que existe un patrón regional de la mortalidad por homicidios, observándose las tasas más altas en regiones periféricas del estado consideradas entre las más pobres; que los municipios ubicados en el estrato de bienestar más bajo presentan un exceso de mortalidad por homicidios estadísticamente significativo, y que hay una evidente sobremortalidad masculina por esta causa. Aspectos como los antes descritos implican tareas y desafíos para la salud pública y para los organismos encargados de preservar la ley y el orden, entre ellos la necesidad de implementar políticas intersectoriales diferenciadas, que tomen en consideración las particularidades que rodean al homicidio y al crimen violento en Jalisco.The present study describes regional variations in homicide rates in Jalisco State, Mexico, in 1989-1991, 1994-1996, and 1999-2000, analyzing the trends by gender and socioeconomic stratum. Using mortality data generated by the National Institute for Statistics, Geography, and Information Technology, homicide rates adjusted by age and gender were calculated, along with rate/female rate ratios; rate ratios by socioeconomic stratum and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. According to the results, the homicide rate showed: a downward trend in the 1990s; a regional

  1. Benefit from the association of small amounts of tannin-rich shrub foliage (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl.) with soya bean meal given as supplements to Barbarine sheep fed on oaten hay

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ben Salem, H. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourrageres, Ariana (Tunisia)]. E-mail: bensalem.hichem@iresa.agrinet.tn; Makkar, H.P.S. [Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Nefzaoui, A.; Abidi, S. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourrageres, Ariana (Tunisia); Hassayoun, L. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourrageres, Ariana (Tunisia); Ecole Superieure d' Agriculture de Mateur, Mateur (Tunisia)

    2005-08-19

    Two trials were conducted to test the hypotheses that (i) feeding small amount of a tanniniferous shrub foliage (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl., acacia) increases the proportion of rumen undegradable protein, and consequently benefits growth performance in Barbarine lamb; and (ii) such positive effect depends on the timing of feeding tannin source (i.e. acacia) relative to protein source (soya bean meal, SBM). Total (TT) and condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in air-dried acacia leaves used in this study averaged 29 g tannic acid and 48 g leucocyanidin equivalents per kg dry matter (DM), respectively. In trial 1, rumen fistulated ewes received oaten hay (hay) ad libitum and 200 g SBM (D1), D1 and 100 g acacia fed with the SBM (D2, mixed strategy) or as D2, but the SBM fed 1 h later than acacia when acacia was consumed completely (D3, sequential strategy). Hay intake, diet digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters (pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH{sub 3}-N) and total volatile fatty acids) and in situ degradation of SBM nitrogen were similar between D1 and D2 (P > 0.05). However, the sequential strategy (D3) resulted in efficient use of N as reflected by the decrease of crude protein digestibility (CPD), plasma urea, NH{sub 3}-N concentration and in situ degradation of SBM nitrogen. In trial 2, four groups each of six Barbarine lambs (initial LW 35.3 {+-} 3.7 kg) received for 90 days: hay ad libitum and 200 g SBM (D1), D1 and 20 g polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4000) mixed with SBM (D2), D1 and 100 g acacia with the SBM fed 1 h later when acacia was completely consumed (sequential strategy) (D3) or D3 and 20 g PEG fed with the SBM (D4). Polyethylene glycol was here used to deactivate tannins. Hay intake and DM, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility were similar among dietary treatment (P > 0.05). However, supplementing lambs with SBM and acacia without PEG (D3) resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.001) of CPD (0.664 versus 0.597, respectively for D1 and

  2. The PorX Response Regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis PorXY Two-Component System Does Not Directly Regulate the Type IX Secretion Genes but Binds the PorL Subunit

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vincent, Maxence S.; Durand, Eric; Cascales, Eric

    2016-01-01

    The Type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion or cell surface exposition of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses. Among these proteins, PorY, and PorX encode typical two-component system (TCS) sensor and CheY-like response regulator respectively. Although the porX and porY genes do not localize at the same genetic locus, it has been proposed that PorXY form a bona fide TCS. Deletion of porX in P. gingivalis causes a slight decrease of the expression of a number of other T9SS genes, including sov, porT, porP, porK, porL, porM, porN, and porY. Here, we show that PorX and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of PorY interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we demonstrate that PorX does not bind T9SS gene promoters and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. Finally, we show that PorX interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PorL, a component of the T9SS membrane core complex and propose that the CheY-like PorX protein might be involved in the dynamics of the T9SS. PMID:27630829

  3. Relación entre síndrome de burnout, estrategias de afrontamiento y engagement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Andrea Montoya Zuluaga

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar, a partir de las teorías existentes, la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el síndrome de burnout y el engagement. El síndrome de burnout si bien se desarrolla en un contexto organizacional, es individual y ello ya implica la existencia de factores de riesgo que llegan a activarse (ya sea para posibilitar su aparición por las estrategias de afrontamiento que se asumen o evitar su desarrollo, cuando hay engagement en contextos laborales donde hay presencia de alta carga laboral, bajas recompensas por el oficio llevado a cabo y ambientes laborales en los que no se posibilita la participación para la toma de decisiones.

  4. Consumo, digestibilidade, desempenho, desenvolvimento ponderal e economicidade de dietas com polpa cítrica em substituição ao feno de capim-tifton 85 para novilhas leiteiras Effects of partial replacement of Tifton 85 hay with citrus pulp on intake, performance, and development of dairy heifers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josué Mendes Neto

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se determinar o consumo, a digestibilidade, o desempenho, o desenvolvimento ponderal, a conversão alimentar e a economicidade de dietas com polpa cítrica em substituição ao feno de tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon (L. Pear para novilhas leiteiras. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro níveis (0; 16,6; 33,3 e 50% de substituição do feno por polpa cítrica. Os dados foram analisados em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com sete repetições. Utilizaram-se 28 novilhas holandesas (12 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 184 kg mantidas em baias individuais. Os consumos de MS, MO, PB, CT e NDT aumentaram linearmente e o de FDN decresceu à medida que o feno foi substituído pela polpa cítrica. O consumo de EE elevou de forma quadrática com aumento dessa substituição, apresentando valor mínimo quando 2,27% do feno foi substituído pela polpa cítrica. Os consumos de Ca e P aumentaram com o aumento dos níveis de substituição do feno. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO, PB e FDN reduziram linearmente, enquanto os de EE e CT não foram influenciados pela substituição. O ganho de peso aumentou linearmente, mas o crescimento de altura de cernelha foi menor e o de altura de garupa não foi influenciado pelos níveis de substituição. Observou-se aumento linear no perímetro torácico à medida que o feno foi substituído pela polpa cítrica. A polpa cítrica pode ser utilizada em até 35% da dieta total na alimentação de novilhas leiteiras de acordo com a conveniência econômica e a disponibilidade de alimentos volumosos, como alternativa para o produtor reduzir a idade à primeira cobertura e ao primeiro parto, com menor custo de alimentação.The objective of this trial was to evaluate intake, digestibility, performance, development, feed efficiency and feeding costs in dairy heifers fed increasing levels of citrus pulp that partially replaced Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon dactylon (L. Pear in the

  5. Nefropatía por Inmunoglobulina A: Guía de práctica clínica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Fayad

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available La nefropatía por Inmunoglobulina A (N.IgA es la causa más frecuente de enfermedad glomerular a nivel mundial, 15-50% de los pacientes presentan pérdida progresiva de la función renal en 10-20 años; el resto remisión clínica o hematuria/ proteinuria persistente. Su tratamiento óptimo es incierto. Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia a través de búsqueda en bases de datos Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane Trials Register. Los investigadores analizaron la calidad de los estudios independientemente, usando la Cochrane Renal Group checklist: aleatorización, carácter ciego, intención de tratar y pérdidas en el seguimiento. La evidencia se clasificó en niveles y la recomendación en grados, según el Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, con dos enfoques principales: Terapia inmunosupresora (corticoides, citostáticos, ciclosporina A y micofenolato mofetilo: Nivel I a, grado A. Terapia combinada con inmunosupresores en adultos: Nivel II b, grado B. Corticoides más ciclofosfamida o azatioprina en niños: Nivel II b, grado C. Ciclosporina y micofenolato-mofetilo: Nivel II b, grado B. Terapia no inmunosupresora: inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina (IEAC y/o bloqueantes del receptor de angiotensina II (BRAII, aceite de pescado, estatinas, antiplaquetarios y tonsilectomía: Nivel I a, grado A. Niños: IECA y BRAII con monitoreo de función renal y de nivel sérico de potasio: Nivel I b, grado B. En nefropatía progresiva, antiplaquetarios como tratamiento coadyuvante: Nivel I, grado C. Aceite de pescado como soporte adicionado de BRAII e IECA en pacientes con lesiones histológicas leves y baja reducción de la filtración glomerular: Nivel II b, grado B (no en niños. No hay evidencias para recomendar estatinas en niños; en mayores de 5 años con síndrome nefrótico e hipercolesterolemia usar sólo con monitoreo de fosfocreatin-kinasa sérica. No hay evidencias para recomendar la

  6. " Judas ," Amos Oz : A Thinking of Law Review and Show Thought

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesualdo Eduardo de Almeida Junior

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Este documento analiza el libro “Judas”, el escritor judío Amos Oz y su relación con el derecho a pensar y a manifestar según sus convicciones, aunque refujam a nivel tolera- ble para los conceptos previamente impuesta por la sociedad.  No hay ninguna manera de limitar el derecho a pensar, dado que este tallos desde la propia intimidad y no está sujeto a restriçõees de cualquier naturaleza, sobre todo porque no hay manera, en la práctica, limitan. La libertad de expresión de pensamiento, cuando se ejerce en su plenitud, a me- nudo sorprendente teniendo en cuenta que se enfrenta con pétreos normas impuestas por la masa. Sin embargo, todavía libertad no puede reducirse al azar por el mero hecho de una expresión impopular. Las limitaciones se presentan, sin embargo, cuando incitadoras de odio.

  7. Forage quality on family farms in Croatia: hay quality monitoring over the two winter feeding seasons of dairy cows

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Vranić

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the applied research project:“Forage evaluation by NIR spectroscopy” was to monitor the nutritive value of grass silage, corn silage and hay on family farms in Croatia over 6-month feeding in each of the two investigation years (from November 2003 to May 2004 and from November 2004 to May 2005. In this paper the nutritive value of hay on 18 dairy farms over the second year of investigation and the comparison of the results with the first year was done. Extension service staff recommended dairy nutrition based on monthly silage analysis by NIRS instrument (Foss, Model 6500. The following parameters were estimated: dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF, metabolizable energy (ME, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC and organic matter digestibility in DM (D-value. The average results show desirable DM content (873.30 g kg-1, high NDF (671.16 g kg-1DM, but low WSC (83.53 g kg-1 DM, CP (61.75 g kg-1 DM, ME (8.75 MJ kg-1 DM and D-value (58.33%. Great variations were observed for CP (40-133 g kg-1 DM, ME (6-11.7 MJ kg-1DM, WSC (21-160 g kg-1 DM and D-value (40-78%. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05 among family farms were recorded for CP (P<0.05 that varied from 40-112.4 g kg-1 DM. No statistically significant differences were observed in the investigated parameters between the first and the second year of the investigation.

  8. Imaging of metal bioaccumulation in Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) rhizomes growing on contaminated soils by laser ablation ICP-MS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koelmel, Jeremy; Amarasiriwardena, Dulasiri

    2012-01-01

    Understanding Pb removal from the translocation stream is vital to engineering Pb hyperaccumulation in above ground organs, which would enhance the economic feasibility of Pb phytoextraction technologies. We investigated Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn distributions in Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) rhizomes on shooting range soils by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), analyzing digested rhizomes, stems, and fronds using ICP-MS. Nutrients Cu and Zn concentrated in fronds while toxic elements Pb and Sb did not, showing potential Pb and Sb sequestration in the rhizome. Frond and rhizome concentration of Pb was 0.17 ± 0.10% and 0.32 ± 0.21% of dry biomass, respectively. The 208 Pb/ 13 C and 121 Sb/ 13 C determined by LA-ICP-MS increased from inner sclerotic cortex to the epidermis, while Pb concentrated in the starchy cortex only in contaminated sites. These results suggest that concentration dependent bioaccumulation in the rhizome outer cortex removes Pb from the vascular transport stream. - Highlights: ► Bioimaged Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn across fern rhizomes from shooting ranges using LA-ICP-MS. ► Pb levels were highest in the outer starchy cortex. ► Pb seemed to displace nutrients Cu and Zn in contaminated site rhizomes. ► [Pb] and [Sb] were correlated across organs suggesting similar transport factors. - Using LA-ICP-MS we determined elemental distributions in Hay-scented fern rhizomes including concentration dependent Pb sequestration patterns in the outer cortex.

  9. Valor nutritivo do capim-elefante (Penninsetum purpureum, Schum, do feno de alfafa (Medicago sativa, L. e do feno de capim coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon (L. Pers. para eqüinos Nutritive value of elephant grass (Penninsetum purpureum, Schum, alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, L. and coast-cross grass hay (Cynodon dactylon (L. Pers. for horses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Izabel Vieira de Almeida

    1999-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes nos alimentos volumosos capim-elefante, feno de alfafa e feno de capim coast-cross em eqüinos adultos. Dezoito éguas adultas da raça Mangalarga Marchador foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos, que consistiram em dietas contendo os seguintes alimentos volumosos: T1 - capim-elefante, T2 - feno de alfafa e T3 - feno de capim coast-cross. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum, duas vezes ao dia. O período experimental constituiu de uma fase de oito dias para adaptação às dietas e cinco dias para a coleta total das fezes. Não houve diferenças no consumo diário de matéria seca (MS das forragens, sendo observados valores médios de 6,27 kg MS, 68,41 g MS/kg0,75 ou 1,51%PV. Os coeficientes médios de digestibilidade aparente do capim-elefante e dos fenos de alfafa e capim coast-cross foram de 43,10; 55,20; e 49,80% para a MS; 41,60; 53,40; e 47,90% para a energia bruta; 24,60; 71,20; e 56,10% para a proteína bruta; e 40,60; 35,50; e 63,30% para a fibra em detergente neutro.The objective of this work was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients of elephant grass forages, alfalfa and coast-cross grass hays in adult horses. Eighteen adult Mangalarga Marchador mares were allotted to a completely randomized design with three treatments that consisted on diets with the following forages: T1 - elephant grass, T2 - alfalfa hay, T3 - coast-cross grass hay. The animals were ad libitum fed twice a day. The experimental period was constituted by a phase of eight days for diet adaptation and a phase of five days for total collection of feces. There were no differences of forage dry matter intake, with average values of 6.27 kg DM, 68.41 g DM/kg0,75 or 1.51% LW. The average coefficients of apparent digestibility of elephant grass and alfalfa and coast-cross grass hays were 43.10, 55

  10. Encefalopatía por priones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Colegial

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Las encefalopatías espongiformes por priones son enfermedades neurodegenerativas que pueden ser esporádicas o transmisibles, ya sea por mecanismos infecciosos o hereditarios. Su investigación ha planteado enormes retos y en el recorrido histórico en busca de su causa dos médicos han recibido el premio Nobel de Medicina: Carleton Gajdusek, por sus trabajos en Nueva Guinea donde describió la transmisión infecciosa por ritos canibalísticos, que llevó a estudios de transmisión experimental en chimpancés y a su teoría de los "virus lentos" (por el largo período de incubación de la enfermedad.

  11. Composição química e digestibilidade in vitro do feno de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. tratado com uréia Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. hay treated with urea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kátia Fernanda Gobbi

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da adição de uréia em níveis crescentes sobre a composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS do feno de Brachiaria decumbens colhida no estádio de pós-florescimento. O feno foi tratado com seis níveis de uréia (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10%, com base na matéria seca (MS. A uréia foi dissolvida em quantidade de água suficiente para elevar o teor de umidade do feno para 30%. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O feno tratado foi armazenado em sacos plásticos (2 kg/saco vedados, por 35 dias, e, após abertura, foram coletadas amostras para as análises químicas. Verificou-se que o teor de nitrogênio total (NT aumentou linearmente em função dos níveis crescentes de uréia. Os teores de NIDN e NIDA, em relação ao nitrogênio total (NIDN/NT e NIDA/NT, tiveram redução linear em função dos níveis crescentes de uréia, demonstrando aumento nos teores de nitrogênio disponível no material amonizado. A adição de uréia promoveu redução no teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA e celulose. Os teores de hemicelulose e lignina não foram alterados pelo tratamento com uréia. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS foi influenciada de forma quadrática pelos níveis de uréia, estimando-se valor máximo de 68, 9% para o nível de 7, 15% de uréia. A amonização com uréia alterou a composição química e a digestibilidade do feno de Brachiaria decumbens, melhorando o valor nutritivo do material tratado.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of urea treatment on the chemical-bromatologic compounds and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD of Brachiaria decumbens hay. The hay were reconstituted with water to get final forage moisture concentration of 30%, and treated with urea at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of the forage dry matter. A completely randomized design with three

  12. Strong Primary Care is that one which has instruments that allow measuring the quality it offers (to improve it continuously)

    OpenAIRE

    Juan Gérvas

    2013-01-01

    Hay que evitar dar respuestas simples a situaciones y problemas complejos. Tales soluciones suelen ser erróneas. Por ejemplo, en el sector de la salud cada vez hay más personas, familias y comunidades que presentan problemas más complejos, mientras que el sistema sanitario pretende ofrecer soluciones simples, aquellas que en el pasado ayudaron a resolver otros problemas y otras situaciones. ¿Los actuales pacientes, familias y comunidades son algo complejo o es el sistema sanitario con el que ...

  13. La cibernética y los peligros de la privacidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Aguirre Charvet

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Hay indicios de que existen organizaciones que recopilan estadísticas de "seguimiento de información" con sus direcciones en Internet de usuarios que visitan determinadas páginas. Asimismo los cookies o galletitas monitorean los movimientos de la gente e informan sobre sus actividades, se dice que estarán operativas para conocer las inquietudes intelectuales de un usuario en la Red. Así las cosas hay necesidad de levantar la protesta por la privacidad de todos.

  14. Consumo e digestibilidades aparentes total e parciais do feno de Stylosanthes guianensis Intake, total and partial apparent digestibilities of Stylosanthes guianensis hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.M. Ladeira

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Utilizaram-se sete carneiros, sem raça definida, fistulados no rúmen e duodeno, para avaliar o consumo e as digestibilidades aparentes totais e parciais de matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, proteína bruta (PB, extrato etéreo (EE, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA, celulose (CEL e hemicelulose (HCEL do feno de Stylosanthes guianensis. Os animais receberam apenas feno de S. guianensis mais sal mineral como componentes da dieta. O fornecimento do feno foi ad libitum, sendo a quantidade calculada para permitir sobras de 20%. Utilizou-se óxido crômico como indicador para estimar a produção de fezes e o fluxo de digesta no duodeno. Os consumos de MS e MO do S. guianensis foram 67,71 e 64,70 g/kg0,75, respectivamente. As digestibilidades aparentes totais da MS, MO, PB, FDN e FDA foram 49,2, 51,3, 61,2, 42,0 e 42,7%, respectivamente. As digestibilidades aparentes ruminais da MS, MO, FDN e FDA foram 75,8, 84,7, 89,6 e 90,6%, respectivamente, em função do total digerido. A digestibilidade ruminal da PB foi 21,3%. Concluiu-se que o feno de S. guianensis, colhido em estádio de maturidade avançada, pode ser indicado para ruminantes, pois seu consumo é capaz de atender às necessidades energéticas de mantença já que seus valores, apesar de sua digestibilidade não ser elevada, são ligeiramente maiores do que os de outras forrageiras tropicais.Seven rumen and duodenal cannulated lambs were used to evaluate the intake and the total and the partial apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM, organic matter (OM, crude protein (CP, ether extract (EE, neutral detergent fiber (NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF, cellulose (CEL and hemicellulose (HCEL of the Stylosanthes guianensis hay. The diet was composed by the hay of S. guianensis plus mineral salt. The hay was offered ad libitum with the refusals estimated for being 20%. Chromium oxide was used as an external marker, to estimate fecal production and digesta

  15. Estrategia Guiada por Modelos para incluir Aspectos de Seguridad en Sistemas Empotrados Basados en Servicios Web

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pedro Silva Gallino

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En los sistemas distribuidos modernos, como la Internet o Web de las Cosas, la seguridad juega un papel preponderante. Debe prestarse especial atencio’n a la consideracio’n de estos aspectos en las primeras etapas de desarrollo. En este contexto, el desarrollo guiado por modelos de requisitos no funcionales (NF presenta especial intere's, ya que aborda dichas caracter’ısticas NF en la etapa de diseño, cuando todav’ıa se pueden realizar ana’lisis, y au’n hay margen para modificaciones antes de que e'stas sean muy costosas. El uso de estas metodolog’ıas guiadas por modelos ofrece beneficios tales como el aumento de la productividad, una mayor reutilizacio’n de los elementos de diseño, o una mejor mantenibilidad del sistema. Este art’ıculo presenta una estrategia de desarrollo que permite integrar aspectos NF de seguridad (confidencialidad, integridad, y control de acceso en los sistemas de software empotrado. Abstract: In modern distributed systems, such as in the Internet or Web of Things, security plays a fundamental role. Special atention must be placed, then, in considering these aspects in the first stages of development. In this context, the model-driven development of non functional (NF requirements is of great interest, as it addresses those NF characteristics in the design stage, when analyses can be performed, and there is room for changes while they are still not too costly. The use of modeldriven methodologies brings with them some intrinsic benefits, such as the increase in productivity, a greater reuse of design elements, or an improved maintainability of the system. This paper presents a development strategy that allows integrating non-functional security aspects (such as as confidentiality, integrity, or access control in embedded systems design. Palabras clave: Desarrollo Guiado por Modelos, Perfil de Dispositivos para Servicios Web, Pol’ıticas de

  16. Performance of Dairy Goats Fed Rhodes Grass Hay and Supplemented with Leucaena or Gliricidia-Based Concentrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ondiek, J.O.; Tuitoek, J.K.; Abdulrazak, S.A.

    1999-01-01

    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of dairy goats supplemented with fodder based diets. Six lactating does of Saanen, Toggenburg and Saanen X Toggenburg breed types weighing 46 + or - 7.1 at late stage of lactation were allocated to three dietary treatments in a double 3*3 Latin square design to examine the value of leucaena and gliricidia forages as nitrogen sources in supplementing Rhodes grass hay. Three supplements: Leucaena-based (L), gliricidia-based (G) or commercial concentrate (C) were used. Voluntary feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and live weight changes were measured. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher in group G than C (1385 vs 1331 g day -1 ). Hay DMI was higher in G (835 g d -1 than L or C (789, 782 g day -1 , respectively). Diets had no effect on milk yield, crude protein or butterfat content. Total solid was higher in L than C while that of G was intermediate (15.7, 14.7, 13.7%). Weight changes were least affected although resulted in positive gain (11 g day -1 ) while the others lost (-13,-19 g day -, for L and C respectively). In the digestibility trial 6 female goats weighing 22.3 kg (sd 1.1), were allocated to the three treatments in a completely randomised block design where each goat received a different supplement in each of two periods. Thee were no differences in nutrient digestibility except for DM, which was in C compared to the other treatments (615, 622, 720 g-kg for L, G and C, respectively). It si concluded that fodder based supplement compared well with the commercial concentrate in supporting milk yield and body weight gain of dairy goats. Therefore, locally available tree fodders can be incorporated in supplement diets and utilized without any detrimental effects to substitute the expensive concentrates to improve the performance of dairy goats

  17. Consumo e digestibilidade de feno de baixa qualidade suplementado com nitrogênio não protéico em bovinos Intake and digestibility of low-quality hay with nonprotein nitrogen supplementation in cattle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Mateus Mallmann

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de níveis de inclusão de nitrogênio não protéico, em suplementos fornecidos a tourinhos Hereford, com 17 meses e peso médio de 220 kg, alimentados com feno de tifton (Cynodon dactylon ad libitum. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: feno + suplemento sem uréia; feno + suplemento com 0,28 g de uréia kg-1 PV0,75; feno + suplemento com 0,55 g de uréia kg-1 PV0,75; feno + suplemento com 0,83 g de uréia kg-1 PV0,75 e feno + suplemento com 1,11 g de uréia kg-1 PV0,75. O feno apresentou, na média, 3,86% de proteína bruta e 84,66% de fibra em detergente neutro. Não se constatou efeito da suplementação sobre a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica, matéria orgânica do feno, fibra em detergente neutro, celulose e hemicelulose; o consumo total desses itens respondeu quadraticamente à suplementação com níveis crescentes de nitrogênio não protéico. A suplementação não afetou a excreção fecal metabólica de matéria orgânica, o que sugere aumento na taxa de passagem (variação no consumo e na taxa de digestão (digestibilidade constante. O consumo de matéria orgânica digestível apresentou comportamento quadrático com aumento dos níveis de uréia na dieta. Quando o nível de proteína degradável no rúmen foi equivalente a 8,1% da matéria orgânica digestível, a relação de consumo entre esses componentes foi otimizada.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nonprotein nitrogen supplementation levels on the digestibility of low-quality hay (Cynodon dactylon, which was offered ad libitum to Hereford bulls aging 17 months and weighing 220 kg. The evaluated treatments were: hay + no urea supplement; hay + supplement with 0.28 g urea kg- 1 BW0.75; hay + supplement with 0.55 g urea kg-1 BW0.75; hay + supplement with 0.83 g urea kg- 1 BW0.75 and hay + supplement with 1.11 g urea kg- 1 BW0.75. Hay composition presented 3.86% of crude protein and 84.66% of neutral

  18. Composição química e contribuição nutritiva de cecotrofos de diferentes dietas Chemical composition and nutritive contribution of cecothrophes from different diets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Augusto Vidal da Costa Gomes

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Os efeitos de cinco fontes de fibra sobre a produção, composição química e a contribuição nutritiva dos cecotrofos em termos de matéria seca e proteína bruta foram estudados. Quarenta coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia branco foram alojadas em gaiolas metabólicas, por 12 dias, para adaptação às dietas. No 13º dia, para evitar a coprofagia, os animais receberam um colar de madeira por um período de 24 horas, procedendo-se à coleta dos cecotrofos de duas em duas horas. A dieta padrão tinha como principal fonte de fibra o feno de alfafa. As outras dietas foram caracterizadas pela substituição isométrica do feno de alfafa por feno de guandu (Cajanus cajan, palha de feijão, palha e sabugo de milho branco e o feno coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon. Foi observado efeito do tipo de dieta sobre a composição química dos cecotrofos e o teor de PB ingerida por cecotrofia, porém a produção de cecotrofos não diferiu entre dietas.The effects of five fiber sources on the production, chemical composition and cecotrophes nutritive contribution on dry matter and crude protein base were studied. Forty White New Zealand female rabbits were housed in metabolic cage for 12 days to adaptation to the diets. In the 13th day, to prevent coprophagy, the animals received a necklace of wood for a period of 24 hours, and the cecotrophes were collected every two hours. The standard diet had the alfalfa hay as a mainly fiber source. The other diets were characterized by isometric replacement of alfalfa hay by pigeon pea hay (Cajanus cajan, bean straw, white corn with cob and husks and coast-cross hay (Cynodon dactylon. Effect of diet type on cecotrophes chemical composition and crude protein content ingested by cecotrophy was observed, however the cecotrophes production was not different among diets.

  19. Heating tokamaks via the ion-cyclotron and ion-ion hybrid resonances

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perkins, F.W.

    1977-04-01

    For the ion-ion hybrid resonance it is shown that: (1) the energy absorption occurs via a sequence of mode conversions; (2) a poloidal field component normal to the ion-ion hybrid mode conversion surface strongly influences the mode conversion process so that roughly equal electron and ion heating occurs in the present proton-deuterium experiments, while solely electron heating is predicted to prevail in deuterium-tritium reactors; (3) the ion-ion hybrid resonance suppresses toroidal eigenmodes; and (4) wave absorption in minority fundamental ion-cyclotron heating experiments will be dominated by ion-ion hybrid mode conversion absorption for minority concentrations exceeding roughly 1 percent. For the ion-cyclotron resonance, it is shown that: (1) ion-cyclotron mode conversion leads to surface electron heating; and (2) ion-cyclotron mode conversion absorption dominates fundamental ion-cyclotron absorption thereby preventing efficient ion heating

  20. Beam propagation in Cu +-Na + ion exchange channel waveguides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Villegas Vicencio, L. J.; Khomenko, A. V.; Salazar, D.; Marquez, H. [Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico); Porte, H. [Universite de Franche-Comte, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Besancon, Cedex (France)

    2001-06-01

    We employ the fast Fourier transform beam propagation method to simulate the propagation of light in graded index channel waveguides, these have been obtained by solid state diffusion of copper ions in soda-lime glass substrates. Longitudinal propagation has been simulated, the input light beam has a gaussian profile. Two cases have been analyzed, in the first, the Gaussian beam is collinear center to center with respect to waveguide; in the second, a small lateral offset and angular tilt have been introduced. Modal beating and bending effects have been founded. We have proven the validity of our numerical results in detailed comparison with experimental data. [Spanish] Se ha empleado el metodo de propagacion de haces por la transformada rapida de Fourier para simular la propagacion de la luz en guias de onda de indice de gradiente. Estas han sido fabricadas por difusion de iones de cobre en estado solido en substratos de vidrios sodicos-calcicos. Se han simulado dos casos, el primero, el perfil de luz de entrada, que es gaussiano, es colineal centro a centro respecto al centro de la guia de ondas: el segundo, se ha dado un pequeno corrimiento lateral y una inclinacion angular. Como consecuencia de los casos anteriores se ha observado efectos de batimiento modal. Los resultados de la simulacion se han validado con resultados experimentales.

  1. Casipoemas por Navidad : (1969-2010)

    OpenAIRE

    Sena Medina, Guillermo

    2011-01-01

    PRESENTACIÓN AL AIRE DE LA POESÍA RELIGIOSA Y NAVIDEÑA DE GUILLERMO SENA MEDINA Constituye un gran honor hacer la presentación de Guillermo Sena Medina por un doble motivo; por la larga y sincera amistad que nos une desde hace muchos años al socaire de nuestra común afición por la Historia, como cronistas oficiales de nuestros municipios; y, sobre todo y particularmente, por su rica y profunda personalidad como hombre de letras, nacida de su aún más rica y profunda personalidad humana. A...

  2. CONSUMO E DIGESTIBILIDADE DO FENO DE SABIÁ POR CAPRINOS E OVINOS SUPLEMENTADOS COM POLIETILENOGLICOL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALDIVAN RODRIGUES ALVES

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This work aimed to evaluate the influence of daily supplementation with 10 g of polyethyleneglycol (PEG associated with Sabiá shrub hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. on the intake and digestibility of in goats and sheep. Twenty animals, ten sheep and ten goats were allocated in a randomized block design, with two treatments and two species: PEG group (supplemented with 10 g of PEG and control group (without supplementation. Significant differences were not observed between treatments and species regarding the intake and digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. Nevertheless, PEG supplementation enhanced the crude protein digestibility of Sabiá shrub hay from 33.96% to 38.74% in sheep and from 43.29% to 54.41% in goats, showing that the supplementation with PEG could become a good feeding strategy against the antinutritional effects of tannin of the forage plants.

  3. Anatomia e cinética de degradação do feno de Manihot glaziovii = Anatomy and kinetics of degradation of Manihot glaziovii Hay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrezza Araújo de França

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se a composição química, o teor de compostos secundários, adegradabilidade in situ, a anatomia e a degradabilidade dos tecidos do feno de maniçoba, a partir de plantas em início de frutificação, oriundas de uma vegetação de caatinga em Ibimirim, Estado do Pernambuco. O caule apresentou células com variados graus de lignificação, destacando-se a presença de fibras gelatinosas, parênquima medular lignificado e espessas paredes celulares no xilema. As folhas se destacam pela presença da estrutura girder, caracterizam-se pela grande quantidade de mesofilo, constituído por células com paredes delgadas, contribuindo para a degradabilidade de matéria seca. Idioblastos contendo drusas de oxalato foram encontrados nos tecidos vasculares, na nervura principal da folha. Eles funcionam como mecanismos de defesa do vegetal contra herbívoros e podem afetar a disponibilidade de minerais para o animal. O feno demaniçoba, apesar de obtido de planta em avançado estágio de maturidade (início da frutificação, possui adequada composição química e baixos teores de ácido cianídrico e taninos. Os principaislimitantes à degradabilidade são o espessamento e a lignificação das paredes celulares, especialmente nos tecidos do caule. Adicionalmente, os diversos aspectos aqui relatados induzem à continuidade de pesquisas em diversos focos e visam ao melhoramento e à utilização desta espécie como forrageira.This study the structural components of cell wall with its degradability, chemical composition, secondary compounds, in situ degradability, anatomy and tissue degradability of the hay of “maniçoba” (wild cassava from plants in early fruiting, from savanna vegetation in Ibimirim, Pernambuco. The stem showed cells with varied degrees of lignification, highlighting the presence of gelatinousfibers, lignified pith parenchyma and thick cell walls inside the xylem. The leaves were highlighted by the presence of a girder

  4. ¿Por qué perdió el PRI en Yucatán? Las transiciones de este año en bastiones priístas, caída de una imagen distorsionada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Fernando Pacheco Bailón

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available El pasado domingo 27 de mayo, a eso de las 5:30 de la tarde, los mexicanos nos enteramos a través de los medios de comunicación de televisión abierta y pagada de la ventaja que tenía el candidato a la gubernatura de Yucatán, a través de la coalición PAN, PRD, PVEM, PT, Patricio Patrón Laviada, con respecto al candidato del PRI, Orlando Paredes Lara. Más tarde, de aquella llamada telefónica que hiciera el presidente Vicente Fox para felicitar al candidato que aventajaba al del tricolor, al hacer referencia a las encuestas de salida llevadas a cabo por empresas como Consulta Mitovsky, Garo y otras más. Hay muchas metodologías para poder analizar procesos electorales, así como distintas formas de abordar el problema del por qué perdió el PRI en Yucatán. Para efectos de estudio se planteará las condiciones preelectorales que se dieron, el propio momento electoral del pasado 27 de mayo, así como la visión futura de PRI como organización política en tiempos transitorios.

  5. Effect of feeding alfalfa hay or Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage with or without a cellulase enzyme on performance of Holstein cows.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bernard, J K; Castro, J J; Mullis, N A; Adesogan, A T; West, J W; Morantes, G

    2010-11-01

    Forty-four lactating Holstein cows (173±30 DIM, 42.5±6.8 kg of milk, 4.03±0.69% fat, 674±78 kg of body weight) were used in an 8-wk, completely randomized trial with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of forage source and supplemental cellulase enzyme on performance. Treatments included 2 forage combinations (corn silage plus 12.2% dry matter, DM, from either alfalfa hay or Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage) with or without a commercial cellulase enzyme applied to the total mixed ration at the rate of 4 g/head per day (Promote N.E.T.-L, Cargill Animal Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN). Experimental diets were formulated to provide similar concentrations of protein (16.5% of DM), energy (1.63 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of DM), and neutral detergent fiber (41.7% of DM) and were fed once daily as a total mixed ration behind Calan doors for ad libitum intake. The cellulase enzyme provided 1,200 cellulase units of activity/g of product and was applied to the total mixed ration and allowed to mix for 5min before feeding. Before beginning the trial, all cows were trained to use Calan (American Calan, Northwood, NH) doors and then fed the alfalfa hay-based diet for 2 wk. Data collected during wk 2 were used as a covariate in the statistical analysis. At the beginning of the 6-wk experimental period, cows were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4 experimental diets. No interactions were observed between forage and enzyme for any measures. Daily DM intake; milk yield; concentrations of milk fat, true protein, lactose, and solids not fat; energy-corrected milk yield; and dairy efficiency were not different among alfalfa or Tifton 85 bermudagrass rations with or without cellulase enzyme supplementation. The results of this trial indicate that Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage can replace alfalfa hay in diets fed to high-producing, lactating dairy cows without depressing DM intake or milk yield when rations are balanced for NDF. Although

  6. Infraestructura común de telecomunicaciones aplicada a un hotel

    OpenAIRE

    Elizari Saco, Sergio

    2007-01-01

    Este proyecto consta sobre la realización de infraestructuras en un hotel, la normativa actual solo contempla edificios de viviendas, comunidades de vecinos, viviendas unifamiliares (urbanizaciones) pero no contempla nada acerca de hoteles, con este proyecto se pretende aplicar en la medida de lo posible estas leyes en el hotel, hay situaciones en las que es imposible aplicarlas y por lo tanto hay que idear la manera de resolverlo. También el intentar realizar instalaciones en el hotel de dóm...

  7. La Copa de los “tres mundos”: Reflexiones sobre globalización, media y la Copa 2014

    OpenAIRE

    Thebaldi, Bruno

    2015-01-01

    Para Santos (2001), hay tres tipos de mundos “en el mismo mundo”. En verdad, cada mundo es vivido de acuerdo con el “lugar de mundo” ocupado por el individuo. En cada mundo hay una manera diferente de ver la globalización. Dependiendo del mundo, la globalización puede ser vista como “fabulosa”, “perversa” o “humanitaria”. En este artículo, discutimos el punto de vista de estos tres tipos de mundo, juntamente con la cuestión...

  8. Historia y memoria campesina: silencios y representaciones sobre la lucha por la tierra y la represión en Ongoy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guido Chati

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo sostiene que hay espacios sociales en Perú donde se producen memorias alternativas sobre la violencia política que tuvo lugar entre 1980 y 2000. En Andahuaylas, Apurímac, las narrativas recurrentes hablan acerca de la servidumbre en la hacienda, de la movilización campesina por la restitución de sus tierras, la ocupación de tierras y sobre su violenta represión. Existe esta memoria victoriosa respecto de la ocupación de la tierra, al lado de una memoria de victimización respecto de la guerra interna. Sin embargo, esas representaciones han sido silenciadas a través de estudios oficiales sobre la memoria, que están tan de moda. En Ongoy, Andahuaylas, bajo la apariencia de un conflicto entre las comunidades y hacienda, se encuentran prácticas políticas campesinas en relación con el Estado. Los campesinos desarrollan redes con las instituciones del Estado, sindicatos, estudiantes, inmigrantes, partidos políticos y otros en busca de la restitución de sus tierras. Reúnen documentos que utilizan como apoyo de su memoria y de su precedencia en el territorio. Ellos muestran que la lucha por la tierra que relativamente termina en 1963 con la ocupación de la tierra, la masacre de los campesinos y la represión, tiene orígenes coloniales. Son historias y recuerdos que reconstruyen la lucha por la tierra como un acto heroico y se superponen con otras representaciones más recientes de la violencia política. Para analizar el proceso, reconstruyo lo ocurrido en Ongoy entre 1960 y 1969 en diálogo con los documentos que los campesinos reunieron y con los testimonios de los actores sobre la forma en que se da una lectura posterior a la violencia política.

  9. Evaluación de la susceptibilidad a la corrosión por picado del acero API 5L x42 expuesto a un ambiente con cloruros y CO2 mediante la técnica de ruido electroquímico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez-Vanegas, N.

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available The concentration of chloride ions and the partial pressure of CO2 play an important role in the degradation of low-carbon steels used for the construction of pipelines in oil and gas industry. In order to evaluate the susceptibility of carbon steel API 5L X42 to pitting corrosion electrochemical noise and linear polarization resistance measurements were carried out in aqueous solutions containing chloride ions and CO2. The concentration of chloride ions was varied between, 10000 and 18000 ppm, and the CO2 partial pressure between 10 psi and 18 psi. Experimental results pointed out that the formation of protective layer, consisting mainly of FeCO 3, depends on the partial pressure of CO2 in the system. Nevertheless, the stability of this layer was considerably affected by increasing the concentration of chloride ions causing that localized corrosion has taken place in some areas of the surface of API 5L X42, which were detected by electrochemical noise echnique.La concentración de iones cloruro y la presión parcial de CO2, tienen un papel importante en el proceso de degradación de los aceros de bajo carbono empleados en la construcción de líneas de transporte en industrias petroleras. Con el fin de evaluar la susceptibilidad del acero al carbono API 5L X42 a la corrosión por picado, se realizaron medidas de ruido electroquímico y resistencia a la polarización lineal en soluciones acuosas de iones cloruro con concentraciones entre 10.000 y 18.000 ppm, variando la presión parcial de CO2 entre 10 psi y 18 psi. Los resultados indican que la formación de una capa protectora, constituida principalmente por FeCO3, depende de la presión parcial de CO2 del sistema. No obstante, la estabilidad de dicha capa es afectada significativamente por el aumento de la concentración de iones cloruro, que producen fenómenos de corrosión localizada en algunas áreas de la superficie del acero API 5L X42, los cuales fueron detectados por la técnica de

  10. Lead deposit on vegetation growing along highways traveled by automobiles. Milk cow feeding experiments with hay contaminated with lead

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bovay, E

    1971-03-01

    Measurements conducted in Switzerland from 1967 through 1970 revealed that vegetation growing along highways contained lead in concentrations in excess of 100 ppm. Although the amounts of lead in vegetation rapidly decrease with distance from the highway, lead can be detected up to a distance of about 100 M. The rate and extent of dispersion of lead particles depended on seasonal orographic and/or meteorological conditions. Lead retention by different plant organs is governed by their nature and composition. Plants with large hairy leaves or leaves with a rough surface accumulate much more lead than plants with smooth leaves. From 35-65% of the plant tissue lead content can be removed by thorough washing, an indication that the contamination consists for the most part in a surface deposit. But plant roots growing in lead-contaminated soil absorb the element, even if present in a relatively insoluble form. In spite of these observations, no symptoms of plant disease or a decrease in crop yield has been noted. High tightly growing hedges of perennials (pine or fir) markedly reduce the dispersion of exhaust gases. Feeding trials with mild cows involving hay harvested along highways demonstrated that a high percentage of the lead ingested with the fodder was eliminated. Some organs like bones, kidneys, and the liver accumulated large quantities of lead (up to 21-fold quantities). After four weeks on the contaminated hay, the lead content in milk quadrupled. The cows ingested 1300 mg lead daily with contaminated fodder containing 99 ppm Pb. Toxic symptoms in cattle and horses do not appear until an ingestion level of about 2200 mg Pb/day is reached. 36 references.

  11. Evolution of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases (POR) in Apiales - POR 1 is missing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Trine Bundgaard; Hansen, Niels Bjørn; Laursen, Tomas

    2016-01-01

    The NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the obligate electron donor to eukaryotic microsomal cytochromes P450 enzymes. The number of PORs within plant species is limited to one to four isoforms, with the most common being two PORs per plant. These enzymes provide electrons to ...... (available from the SRA at NCBI). All three genes were shown to be functional upon reconstitution into nanodiscs, confirming that none of the isoforms are pseudogenes....

  12. Sistemas tradicionales de cria de gallina de corral en la región semiárida brasileña: avances a partir de una investigación participativa

    OpenAIRE

    Jalfim, Felipe Tenório

    2016-01-01

    El contexto en el que se ha desarrollado esta investigación se ve marcado, por un lado, por fuertes pérdidas de espacios en los mercados locales del Semiárido brasileiro por los sistemas tradicionales de cría de gallinas para el complexo avícola industrial. Por otro lado, hay experiencias de resistencia de las campesinas en búsqueda de alternativas al modelo avícola industrial. De este modo, el objetivo más amplio de la presente tesis fue desarrollar un conocimiento referenc...

  13. Inforpistas inteligentes 18 columnas y 2.5 inéditos sobre el ciberespacio

    OpenAIRE

    Sáez Vacas, Fernando

    1996-01-01

    Autopista de la información es el nombre largo e inadecuado por el que ya se conoce popularmente a la que aquí llamamos inforpista. Lo que quiera que sea o acabe siendo la inforpista, si hay por lo menos una cosa cierta es que representa el advenimiento de un universo de actividades desmaterializadas: la gasolina y los materiales desplazados por el espacio físico se sustituyen por la electricidad y la información instantánea a través de un ciberespacio sin distancias. Decir "autopista de l...

  14. ADESÃO E REAÇÕES DE USUÁRIOS AO TRATAMENTO DA MALÁRIA: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annelita Almeida Oliveira Reiners

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se trata de un estudio exploratorio descriptivo con el objetivo de describir la adhesión y las reacciones de los usuarios en relación al tratamiento contra la malaria en un municipio de Mato Grosso,Brasil. La recolección de los datos se hizo por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 16 usuarios, y se analizaron utilizando el Análisis de Contenido. El estudio reveló que hay personas que adhieren en parte al tratamiento de la malaria y otras que buscan tratamientos alternativos. Los resultados mostraron que a los primeros signos y síntomas de la malaria, la mayoría de los usuarios buscan los servicios de salud, probablemente por tener conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, su transmisión y tratamiento; por la facilidad de acceso a la salud pública con diagnóstico y tratamiento gratuito, y por la buena relación con los trabajadores de la salud. Se concluyó que a pesar del éxito de algunas acciones del gobierno para controlar la malaria, hay necesidad de invertir en educación y vigilancia de la salud.

  15. Effect of seismic activities on ion temperature in the F{sub 2} region of the ionosphere

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sharma, D.K.; Rai, J. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (India); Chand, R.; Israil, M. [Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (India)]. E-mail: ramesh20june@yahoo.co.in

    2006-01-15

    Ionospheric anomalies related to the seismic events have been analyzed in the present paper. The ionospheric ion temperature data recorded by the Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) payload aboard the Indian SROSS-C2 satellite are used for the period from January 1995 to December 1996. Earthquake events recorded in the region of interest from United State Geological Survey (USGS) were used to define the ionospheric ion temperature anomalies associated with the earthquake preparation, occurrence and relaxation. Ionospheric ion temperature data were analyzed in such a way that the anomalies due to other phenomena will not be masked over the temperature anomalies due to earthquakes. Ion temperature enhancements in the ionosphere were observed during earthquake events and few pre-post days to the events. The seismogenic vertical electric field propagation up to ionospheric height induces the Joule heating that may cause the ion temperature enhancement. [Spanish] En este articulo se analizan anomalias ionosfericas relacionadas con eventos sismicos. Se utilizaron los datos de temperatura ionosferica registrados por el Analizador Potencial Retrasado (RPA) del satelite hindu SROSS-C2 para el periodo de enero de 1995 a diciembre de 1996. Para definir las anomalias de la temperatura ionica de la ionosfera asociadas con la preparacion, ocurrencia y relajacion de los eventos sismicos se utilizaron los datos de estos eventos registrados por el Estudio Geologico de Estado Unido (USGS) para la region de interes. Los datos de temperatura ionica fueron analizados de manera que las anomalias debidas a otros fenomenos no enmascararan aquellas relacionadas con los eventos sismicos. La propagacion del campo electrico vertical sismogenico hacia la ionosfera induce el calentamiento joulico que podria causar el incremento de la temperatura ionica.

  16. Comparison of acid-detergent lignin, alkaline-peroxide lignin, and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibility by cattle offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kanani, Juvenal; Philipp, Dirk; Coffey, Kenneth P; Kegley, Elizabeth B; West, Charles P; Gadberry, Shane; Jennings, John; Young, Ashley N; Rhein, Robert T

    2014-01-13

    The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash (ADIA), alkaline-peroxide lignin (APL), and acid-detergent lignin (ADL) to predict fecal output (FO) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows (594 ± 35.5 kg) were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets: low (L), medium low (ML), medium high (MH), and high (H) crude protein (CP) concentration (79, 111, 131, and 164 g CP/kg on a DM basis, respectively). Diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g DM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08:00 and 16:00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual DM intake (DMI), DMD, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for ADL, APL, and ADIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and DMD. Forage DMI was affected by diet (P = 0.02), and DMI from MH and H was greater (P forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improved equations to predict energy values of forages based on the relationship of dietary components to digestibility across a wide range of forages.

  17. Todos los aspectos que hay que saber para montar una emisora digital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Gabriel Fernández

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Radio Online, la guía definitiva pretende ser un manual práctico, de lenguaje sencillo, pero con el suficiente detalle como para resolver todas las dudas que se le plantean a quien pretende emprender un proyecto de radio online. Como ya avanza su subtítulo, en estas páginas se encuentra todo lo necesario para iniciar, desde cero, un proyecto de radio online y lograr con éxito el objetivo. Está dirigido, por tanto, a personas apasionadas por este medio que buscan adentrarse en él de una manera profesional, con independencia de su experiencia y conocimientos previos.

  18. Osteomalacia inducida por tumor: hemangiopericitoma rinosinusal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enriqueta M. Serafini

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available La osteomalacia inducida por tumor es una rara enfermedad del metabolismo óseo caracterizada por el aumento en la excreción de fosfato a nivel renal seguido de hipofosfatemia. Es causada por agentes fosfatúricos producidos por determinados tumores. La resección total del tumor resulta en la completa reversión de las anormalidades bioquímicas, la desaparición de las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en los estudios por imágenes. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 61 años con cuadro clínico y laboratorio compatibles con osteomalacia oncogénica inducida por tumor mesenquimático de localización rinosinusal. En nuestro caso el diagnóstico histológico correspondió a una neoplasia de tipo vascular: hemangiopericitoma.

  19. HISTORIA DEL ECMO (OXIGENACIÓN POR MEMBRANA EXTRACORPÓREA O SOPORTE VITAL EXTRACORPÓREO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Díaz, Dr.

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: EL ECMO u oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea, tiene una larga historia de desarrollo. Partiendo con el estudio del aparato circulatorio, transfusiones sanguíneas y circulación extracorpórea en el quirófano. Hay casos aislados reportados en la segunda mitad de la década de 1960, el primer paciente vivo se publicó en el NEJM en 1972. Existe suficiente evidencia para pensar que tiene un impacto positivo en la falla respiratoria neonatal y en la misma condición en adultos, si estos son transferidos a un centro ECMO. Más estudios están siendo llevados a cabo, para clarificar el impacto del ECMO en la falla respiratoria, cardiaca y en el paro cardiaco refractario. SUMMARY: ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation has a long history of development. Starting with circulation, blood management and extracorporeal circulation in the operating room. ECMO, began its development in late 1960s, with some few cases, being the first reported alive patient, published in 1972 in the NETM. There is enough evidence to think it has a positive impact in catastrophic neonatal respiratory failure and in adults in the same condition, transferred to an ECMO center. More trials are ongoing to settle ECMO impact in respiratory, cardiac failure and cardiac arrest outcomes. Palabras clave: ECMO, circulación extracorpórea, falla respiratoria, falla cardiaca, Keywords: ECMO, extracorporeal circulation, respitatory failure, cardiac failure

  20. Gingivitis ulceronecrosante aguda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo de la Teja-Ángeles

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available La gingivitis ulcerativa necrosante, conocida por sus siglas en inglés como GUN (anteriormente se le conocía como enfermedad de Vincent o “boca de trinchera” por afectar a soldados en guerra, es una enfermedad poco frecuente.1-6 Se caracteriza por ser una infección aguda y dolorosa en la que las encías sangran, hay necrosis de las papilas interdentales y ataque al estado general.

  1. Factores de riesgo y factores de protección en la adicción a las nuevas tecnologías y redes sociales en jóvenes y adolescentes

    OpenAIRE

    Echeburúa Odriozola, Enrique

    2012-01-01

    Las adicciones no-químicas implican la ejecución de conductas repetitivas que tienen por objetivo aliviar la tensión por medio de la realización de comportamientos que resultan contraproducentes para el sujeto. La urgencia para completar la conducta -y el malestar experimentado si se impide hacerlo- se asemejan al deseo compulsivo y al síndrome de abstinencia sufridos por los drogodependientes. Las personas pueden hacerse adictas de cualquier conducta placentera, pero hay ciert...

  2. Ciencia frente a tecnología: ¿diferencia o identidad?

    OpenAIRE

    Niiniluoto, Ilkka

    1997-01-01

    Not available.Se argumenta en este trabajo que hay una importante diferencia conceptual entre ciencia y tecnología. En cuanto partes integrantes de la cultura y la sociedad humanas, la ciencia y la tecnología se encuentran hoy en un estado de mutua interacción dinámica, pero se dan diferencias en sus objetivos (aims), resultados y pautas de desarrollo. Por eso, hay también divergencias significativas entre la política científica (science policy) y la política tecnológica (technological policy...

  3. José Sacristán: Las puertas abiertas de América Latina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Consuelo Benítez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available José Sacristán prestigioso actor español en la película "En un lugar del mundo" (1991 del director Adolfo Aristaraín apuesta por Latinoamérica, señala que allí hay futuro hay un modo de entender la vida con más esperanza, es una puerta abierta al futuro. La solidaridad, la honradez y la dignidad humana toman cuerpo en este filme. La cinta argentina recibió la Concha de Oro, en el Festival de San Sebastián.

  4. La evaluación del riesgo de las plantas transgénicas: de la regulación a la bioética

    OpenAIRE

    Arriaga Arellano, Elena; Linares Salgado, Jorge E.

    2013-01-01

    A pesar de las regulaciones no hay guías obligatorias u oficiales que establezcan los elementos mínimos para la evaluación del riesgo ambiental (ERA) de los cultivos transgénicos. No se han definido criterios para la toma de decisiones, no hay investigaciones científicas, ni estudios socio-económicos revisados por pares que muestren los beneficios y riesgos del uso de estos productos, comparados con otras tecnologías en la agricultura. Esta situación ha hecho surgir una "incertidumbre artific...

  5. Análisis de la Violencia Filio-Parental en la Comunitat Valenciana

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Martín, Ana

    2014-01-01

    Aunque la violencia cometida por menores o jóvenes se ha dado siempre, en la actualidad hay una mayor presencia de estos hechos en los medios de comunicación. Es indiscutible que existe una mayor sensibilización social debido a que algunos casos están aumentando y porque hay más conciencia social sobre lo inadmisible de ciertas conductas. Aunque es innegable la existencia de estas situaciones debemos ser cautelosos puesto que el binomio violencia - jóvenes puede criminalizar a la totalidad d...

  6. Security in the data link layer of the OSI model on LANs wired Cisco

    OpenAIRE

    María Genoveva Moreira Santos; Pedro Antonio Alcívar Marcillo

    2018-01-01

    Hay no hay tecnologías o protocolos completamente seguro en las infraestructuras de red, por esta razón, este documento tiene como objetivo demostrar la importancia de configurar opciones de seguridad en equipos de la red. En esta ocasión nos centraremos en la capa de enlace de datos del modelo OSI, que es donde los controles han comenzado a implementarse a nivel de protocolos. Las herramientas que se utilizan en la investigación facilitan la implementación de un laboratorio virtual, que cons...

  7. Nationalism in third world countries

    OpenAIRE

    Abugattas, Juan

    1982-01-01

    Hay, en cada época, verdades evidentes que se prefieren ignorar. En la nuestra, una de esas verdades es que la división territorial del mundo es producto del azar y de la pugna de intereses, y que nada hay necesario o inherente en ella. Así, real o supuestamente ignorantes, concebimos las fronteras y actuamos frente a ellas como si fueran límites sagrados, linderos fijados por poderes semidivinos de manera definitiva. Algunos, los menos, ciertamente se benefician con el carácter sagrado de lo...

  8. Compromiso organizacional en una muestra de trabajadores mexicanos

    OpenAIRE

    NORMA BETANZOS DÍAZ; PATRICIA ANDRADE PALOS; FRANCISCO PAZ RODRÍGUEZ

    2006-01-01

    El compromiso organizacional es un constructo que presenta gran interés para los psicólogos y aquellos involucrados con el recurso humano. Las investigaciones se han dirigido a determinar aquellos aspectos que lo forman y mantienen, sin embargo hay revisiones teóricas que evidencían que aún hay diferencias en la conceptualización y por tanto en su medición. La presente investigación adoptó una posición integradora ante las diferentes perspectivas de estudio para determinar si la aplicación de...

  9. ¿Hay ahora libertad de prensa en Europa Oriental?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Sorrosa

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Con datos de la Freedom House que recibe el 80% de su financiación de parte del gobierno de los Estados Unidos, el articulista expone la situación de la "libertad de información" en los países de Europa Occidental. Habla de lo que fue el fin del comunismo y el control de los medios de comunicación por parte del Estado y de la transformación sufrida luego.

  10. Ruminal degradability of oat (Avena sativum L., Coast cross (Cynodon dactilon L., and Esmeralda grass (Joysia japonica hay pellet or not/ Degradabilidade ruminal dos fenos de aveia (Avena sativum L, Coast cross (Cynodon dactilon L., e grama Esmeralda (Joysia japonica peletizado ou não

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa Cristina Alves

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF of the oat hay (OH, Coast cross hay (CCH, pellet Esmeralda grass hay (PEH and Esmeralda grass hay (EH. The in situ technique was used, with four bovines, castrated, rumen fistulated, distributed in an Latin square 4x4 experimental design. The material was incubated in the rumen in the times 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 144 hours. There was no difference between hays on the degradation rate (c, %/h for the CP, NDF and ADF. For the DM, the OH and PEH presented higher degradation rate. There was difference on the effective degradability (ED, % of the hays, and the observed values were: OH, 48.74%; PEH, 42.44%; EH, 35.13%; CCH, 30.24%. It can be concluded that oat hay presented the highest values for the soluble fraction and for the ED of all nutrients evaluated. The pellet process of the Esmeralda grass resulted in higher ED of the DM and of the fiber, with no alteration on the CP ED.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca (MS, proteína bruta (PB, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA do feno de aveia (FA, feno de Coast cross (FCC, feno de grama Esmeralda peletizado (FEP e feno de grama Esmeralda (FE. Foi utilizada a técnica in situ com quatro bovinos machos, castrados, fistulados no rúmen, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental em quadrado latino 4x4. O material foi incubado no rúmen nos tempos de 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 e 144 horas. Não houve diferença entre os fenos na taxa de degradação (c, %/h para a PB, FDN e FDA. Para a MS, o FA e FEP apresentaram maior taxa de degradação. Houve diferença na degradabilidade efetiva (DE da MS dos fenos sendo os valores observados: FA, 48,74%; FEP, 42,44%; FE, 35,13%; FCC, 30,24%. Conclui-se que o feno de aveia obteve maiores valores para a fração solúvel e maior

  11. El duelo es un trabajo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Cecilia Mesa

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Esta pregunta por lo nuevo en la atención en duelo invita a pensar en varias direcciones: qué hay de nuevo como oferta médica para ayudar a soportar la situación de pérdida que el duelo arrastra consigo, por un lado, pero por otro, qué hay de nuevo en el duelo? Es difícil saber si las condiciones de elaboración del duelo se modifican con las particularidades de una época o con las particularidades propias de cada modalidad de sufrimiento, igualmente existe una tesis que afirma que nuestra época no es ya la época de la muerte romántica más bien que la condición de guerra haría a su vez que las
    coordenadas del duelo podrían pensarse de manera distinta, sin embargo detrás de lo nuevo siempre encontramos lo viejo: la muerte. Parafraseando el último verso de “Las Flores del Mal” de Baudelaire:

  12. Body weight change of Abergelle breed and Abergelle crossbred goats fed hay supplemented with different level of concentrate mixture.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amare, Bewketu; Alemu, Tewodros; Deribe, Belay; Dagnachew, Alemu; Teshager, Natnael; Tsegaye, Alemu

    2018-03-01

    The experiment was conducted at Sekota District using 36 intact yearling males of pure Abergelle breed and Abergelle crossbred goats (50%) with a mean live weight of 18.92 ± 0.72 kg (mean ± SE). The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate mixture supplementation on feed intake, live weight gain, and economic gain of the breeds. Goats were blocked based on initial body weight and were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments. The experimental design was a 2 × 3 factorial in RCBD (randomized complete block design). The treatments included ad libitum feeding of local grass hay and supplementation with three levels (184, 368, and 552 g/day) of concentrate mixture. The experiment consisted of 90 days of feeding. Daily, total dry matter and CP (crude protein) intakes were affected by diet and genotype (P < 0.01). Significant decrease (P < 0.001) in hay intake was observed as the level of the supplement increased. Besides, substitution rate increased with increasing levels of supplementation. Average daily body weight gains were significantly impacted only by diet. Animals fed on 184 significantly lower weights, while nonsignificant difference was observed in live weight gain between 368 and 552 supplemented group. Supplementation of 368 concentrate mix significantly improved (P < 0.05) feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency. Supplementation of 368 g/day had showed significantly higher net return for both goat breeds. However, the Abergelle breed was significantly better in net profit and sensitivity than the crossbreed. Both genotypes performed better with the diet containing 368 g/day than that with 184 and 552 g/day of concentrate supplementation.

  13. Feed intake and utilization in sheep fed graded levels of dried moringa (Moringa stenopetala) leaf as a supplement to Rhodes grass hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gebregiorgis, Feleke; Negesse, Tegene; Nurfeta, Ajebu

    2012-03-01

    The effects of feeding graded levels of dried moringa (Moringa stenopetala) leaf on intake, body weight gain (BWG), digestibility and nitrogen utilization were studied using male sheep (BW of 13.8 ± 0.12 kg). Six sheep were randomly allocated to each of the four treatment diets: Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay offered ad libitum (T1), hay + 150 g moringa leaf (T2), hay + 300 g moringa leaf (T3), hay + 450 g moringa leaf (T4) were offered daily. A 7-day digestibility trial and an 84-day growth experiments were conducted. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) intakes increased (P moringa leaf in the diets. Sheep fed T2, T3 and T4 diets gained (P  0.05) among treatments. The digestibility of dietary CP increased (P moringa leaf, but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 diets. The nitrogen (N) intake and urinary N excretion increased (P moringa leaf. The N retention was highest (P moringa leaf supplementation. The control group was in a negative N balance. Supplementing a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay with dried moringa leaves improved DM intake, BWG and N retention. It is concluded that M. stenopetala can serve as a protein supplement to low-quality grass during the dry season under smallholder sheep production system.

  14. JONAS, HANS, Memorias. Por Juan Arana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Arana

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Autor: Hans Jonas (2005. Editorial: Losada, Madrid. Traducción: Illana Giner Comín. Basadas en las conversaciones con Rachel Salamander. Proemiode Lore Jonas. Prólogo de Rachel Salamander. Editor: Christian Wiese. Hans Jonas forma parte, con Koestler,Popper, Heidegger o Wittgenstein, del selecto grupo de pensadores y escritores a quienes tocó vivir en primera persona gran parte de las peripecias del turbulento siglo XX. Pero, como en todo, hay diferencias.La trayectoria vital de Jonas no dibuja el perfil de una desmesura excéntrica, como la de Wittgenstein, ni de una tenaz ambición teórica, como la de Popper, ni de un lamentable olvido del prójimo, como la de Heidegger, ni de un aventurismo desquiciado, como la de Koestler.

  15. Las formas del recuerdo. La memoria colectiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Mendoza García

    2004-11-01

    Full Text Available La memoria tiene una estructura narrativa. Sus contenidos, formas y maneras de expresión así lo ponen de manifiesto. Retomando planteamientos de los fundadores de la perspectiva de la memoria colectiva, Halbwachs, Blondel, Bartlett y Vygotsky, y reflexionando desde los postulados de Bruner, el presente trabajo argumenta que la memoria, incluso la denominada individual, se construye sobre la base de narraciones que constituyen formas de discursos y modos de organizar experiencias, por ejemplo las pasadas, que son culturalmente dotados de significado, y que para ser inteligibles a la persona, grupo, sociedad o colectividad a quien se presentan hay que expresarla en relatos lógicos que muestren la verosimilitud de lo que se está recordando o relatando. Ciertamente, en la vida cotidiana encontramos cantidad de narraciones sobre las experiencias colectivas, encontramos ?narradores de historias?, y como ocurre en la literatura no sólo vale lo que se cuenta sino cómo se cuenta. Así como hay convenciones de ideas sobre la realidad, las hay también para las narrativas: existen modelos narrativos que hacen más verosímil una narración que otra. Tales narraciones dotan de sentido al mundo. Las narraciones, asimismo, devienen marcos sociales de la memoria, como el tiempo y espacio de los que habló Halbwachs, la modalidad narrativa es un marco, una manera de enmarcar la experiencia, y lo que no se estructura de forma narrativa se pierde de la memoria. A esos marcos Bartlett los denomin esquemas, que son delineados por instituciones, costumbres y grupos, que dictan cómo hay que presentar los eventos pasados, es decir, cómo hay que narrarlos, y en tanto relatos, éstos dan forma a las realidades que crean y eso opera para las experiencias pasadas que el grupo guarda.

  16. Calculation of ion storage in electron beams with account of ion-ion interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perel'shtejn, Eh.A.; Shirkov, G.D.

    1979-01-01

    Ion storage in relativistic electron beams was calculated taking account of ion-ion charge exchange and ionization. The calculations were made for nitrogen ion storage from residual gas during the compression of electron rings in the adhezator of the JINR heavy ion accelerator. The calculations were made for rings of various parameters and for various pressures of the residual gas. The results are compared with analogous calculations made without account of ion-ion processes. It is shown that at heavy loading of a ring by ions ion-ion collisions play a significant part, and they should be taken into account while calculating ion storage

  17. Porøse materialer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place

    2000-01-01

    Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM).......Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM)....

  18. Recubrimientos de quitosano/fosfato de calcio obtenidos por electrodeposición sobre una aleación de titanio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darío Yesid Peña Ballesteros

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Los recubrimientos de fosfato de calcio en Ti6AL4V como implantes ortopédicos son conocidos por acelerar el crecimiento óseo y mejorar la fijación del hueso. La deposición electrolítica de estos compuestos bioactivos ha presentado mayores ventajas que los recubrimientos obtenidos por métodos convencionales. Este método electrolítico ha facilitado la posibilidad de adicionar quitosano a la solución de iones calcio y fosfato y fijar este compuesto, funcional y estructuralmente. De esta forma se han obtenido, compuestos de fosfatos de calcio-quitosano sobre un substrato de Ti6Al4V ELI por electrodeposición catódica, los cuales se han caracterizado morfológica y químicamente, mediante SEM-EDX, DRX y FTIR, para determinar la estructura y asociaciones químicas entre los fosfatos de calcio y el quitosano. Además, se evaluó por EIE, la incidencia de la densidad de corriente, el tiempo de electrodeposición y la concentración de quitosano en solución sobre la resistencia a la polarización de los sustratos recubiertos. Se emplearon circuitos equivalentes para modelar el comportamiento fisicoquímico de los recubrimientos desde un punto de vista electroquímico.

  19. Ion-Ion Plasmas Produced by Electron Beams

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernsler, R. F.; Leonhardt, D.; Walton, S. G.; Meger, R. A.

    2001-10-01

    The ability of plasmas to etch deep, small-scale features in materials is limited by localized charging of the features. The features charge because of the difference in electron and ion anisotropy, and thus one solution now being explored is to use ion-ion plasmas in place of electron-ion plasmas. Ion-ion plasmas are effectively electron-free and consist mainly of positive and negative ions. Since the two ion species behave similarly, localized charging is largely eliminated. However, the only way to produce ion-ion plasmas at low gas pressure is to convert electrons into negative ions through two-body attachment to neutrals. While the electron attachment rate is large at low electron temperatures (Te < 1 eV) in many of the halogen gases used for processing, these temperatures occur in most reactors only during the afterglow when the heating fields are turned off and the plasma is decaying. By contrast, Te is low nearly all the time in plasmas produced by electron beams, and therefore electron beams can potentially produce ion-ion plasmas continuously. The theory of ion-ion plasmas formed by pulsed electron beams is examined in this talk and compared with experimental results presented elsewhere [1]. Some general limitations of ion-ion plasmas, including relatively low flux levels, are discussed as well. [1] See the presentation by D. Leonhardt et al. at this conference.

  20. Experiencia en Cuba del tratamiento de la litiasis renoureteral con litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque en niños

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Victoria Labrada Rodríguez

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la litiasis urinaria en el niño resulta una enfermedad poco frecuente si se compara con su incidencia en el adulto. Objetivos: describir el resultado del tratamiento en Cuba de la litiasis del aparato urinario en niños, mediante la litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque, así como validar la eficacia del método. Métodos: la muestra corresponde a 227 niños, tratados en el Centro de Tratamiento de la Litiasis Urinaria del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras'' de La Habana, entre abril de 1986 y octubre de 2011, utilizando 3 tipos de litotritores: el HM3 (Dornier, Lithostar Plus (Siemens y Medical Modulith® SLX (Storz. Resultados: las edades límites fueron 2 y 18 años. De manera general resultó similar el total de pacientes tratados del sexo femenino que el masculino (51 %/49 %. El síntoma predominante fue el cólico nefrítico con cálculos renales (81,9 %, y en el uréter (18,1 %. La superficie media fue de 1,20 cm². Se utilizó anestesia general orotraqueal (34,4 % y general intravenosa (65,6 %. Los retratamientos fueron necesarios en 8 casos (3,52 %. Las complicaciones fueron la infección urinaria aguda (3,08 % y el hematoma subcapsular renal (0,88 %. Resultó libre de material litiásico el 96,04 %. Conclusiones: la terapéutica mediante la litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque resulta efectiva, con baja tasa de morbilidad y de complicaciones graves, por lo que creemos debe defenderse científicamente como la primera opción terapéutica en la resolución de la litiasis urinaria en estas edades. Debe recordarse que eliminar el cálculo no es suficiente, hay que identificar la enfermedad, su tratamiento de fondo, y evitar las recidivas.

  1. Dengue, zika, chikungunya y el desarrollo de vacunas

    OpenAIRE

    Kantor, Isabel N

    2018-01-01

    Dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV) y chikungunya (CHIKV), tres arbovirosis transmitidas por mosquitos Aedes, se han propagado en las últimas décadas en zonas tropicales y subtropicales húmedas. El dengue es epidémico en áreas subtropicales de la Argentina. Después de la infección por DENV hay inmunidad duradera contra el serotipo infectante, pero aumenta el riesgo de enfermedad grave por los otros tres. La vacuna recombinante tetravalente, Dengvaxia® previene el dengue grave y la hospitalización en s...

  2. Orígenes Fetales de las Enfermedades del Adulto

    OpenAIRE

    Vargas Serna, Gabriela; Universidad de San Martín de Porres

    2012-01-01

    Los genes tienen gran influencia en el crecimiento de un feto. Sin embargo, diversos estudios en seres humanos y animales parecen indicar que su crecimiento se ve limitado por factores ambientales; especialmente, por los nutrientes y el oxígeno que el feto recibe. Desde el punto de vista de la evolución, hay muchas posibles ventajas en esa tendencia del cuerpo a permanecer plástico durante su desarrollo en vez de regirse estrictamente por las instrucciones genéticas adquiridas en la concepció...

  3. Modernidades y destiempos latinoamericanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Martín Barbero

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available “La idea del paso lineal de las tradiciones a la modernidad es sustituida por la afirmación de que la modernidad se define por la diversidad y multiplicación de las alternativas, la capacidad de asociar pasado y porvenir. Hay un cambio total de perspectiva: se consideraba que el mundo moderno estaba unificado mientras la sociedad tradicional estaba fragmentada; hoy por el contrario la modernización parece llevarnos de lo homogéneo a lo heterogéneo”.Alain Touraine

  4. Modelado numérico de la deriva y envejecimiento de los hidrocarburos vertidos al mar: aplicación operacional en la lucha contra las mareas negras

    OpenAIRE

    Comerma Piña, Eric

    2004-01-01

    Uno de los principales problemas que afectan al medio marino son los repetidos episodios de contaminación por hidrocarburos. A los grandes derrames provocados por petroleros accidentados hay que sumarle un volumen anual prácticamente idéntico, debido a vertidos operacionales, residuales o derivados del creciente uso de los combustibles fósiles. En el caso de las mareas negras, las consecuencias socio-económicas son terribles para las regiones afectadas. Pero por otro lado, la contaminación de...

  5. Relacion del Clima Organizacional y Satisfaccion Laboral en Profesores de Tiempo Parcial de una Institucion de Educacion Superior

    OpenAIRE

    Flores Valentín, Merarí

    2002-01-01

    El Clima Organizacional de un grupo social es una variable mediadora entre los propósitos y los logros del mismo grupo. En el contexto educativo significa que entre lo que se planifica (objetivos, metas, fines) en una unidad educativa y lo que se logra (metas institucionales, rendimiento) hay una distancia que no se llena por la mera acción de instancias separadas sino por la interacción de muchas variables que en cuanto percibidas por los actores sociales dan origen a "clim...

  6. Avaliação de fontes de urease na amonização de fenos de Brachiaria brizantha com dois teores de umidade Evaluation of urease sources in the ammoniation of Brachiaria brizantha hays with two moisture levels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liandra Maria Abaker Bertipaglia

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available O efeito da amonização com uréia (5,0% matéria seca do feno de Brachiaria brizantha, com dois teores de umidade (15 ou 30% de umidade, associado a três fontes de urease (feno de capim Brachiaria decumbens, capim-elefante [Pennisetum purpureum] e leucena [Leucaena leucocephala], foi avaliado. Foram determinados os teores de proteína bruta (PB, fração solúvel (A, frações de proteína verdadeira solúvel e insolúvel em borato fosfato (B1 e B2, fração de proteína potencialmente degradável (B3 e fração da proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (C. Avaliaram-se os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA, celulose (CEL, hemicelulose (HEM e lignina (LIG e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com 10 tratamentos (dois controles, 15 e 30% umidade, sem uréia e sem urease; dois controles, 15 e 30% umidade, com uréia e sem urease; seis combinações de fontes de urease e conteúdo de umidade e três repetições. A amonização dos fenos com diferentes conteúdos de umidade, associados a fontes de urease, aumentou os teores de PB e da fração A, mas não afetou B1 e B2. Contudo, as frações B3 e C diminuíram em reposta à amonização. A aplicação de uréia nos fenos de 30% de umidade, associados ou não a fontes de urease, diminuiu os teores de FDN. A adição de fontes de urease não alterou os teores dos constituintes da parede celular, quando comparada aos tratamentos amonizados com uréia. Os tratamentos aplicados não proporcionaram efeitos consistentes sobre os teores de FDA e de CEL dos fenos e não afetaram os teores de LIG. A aplicação de uréia associada a 15 ou 30% de umidade foi favorável para aumentar o nitrogênio solúvel do feno de Brachiaria brizantha e diminuir o nitrogênio indisponível para o ruminante.The urea ammoniation (5.0% dry matter effects in Brachiaria brizanta hay baled with two

  7. ABSCESO CEREBRAL MULTICÉNTRICO CAUSADO POR ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

    OpenAIRE

    CASTILLO DE LA CRUZ,MANUEL; JOSÉ LUIS,GALLEGOS BARREDO; MENDIZÁBAL GUERRA,RAFAEL; FÉLIX,IGNACIO; RIVAS,ANGÉLICA

    2004-01-01

    La infección amibiana del sistema nervioso central casi siempre es precedido de un absceso pulmonar o hepático. El absceso cerebral amibiano es raro y sólo se han publicado alrededor de 100 casos en el mundo. La mayoría de los reportes son de la era de la tomografía y hay muy pocos casos con imágenes de resonancia magnética, en ambos estudios, no puede diferenciarse de otro tipo de absceso. El diagnóstico es histopatológico y el tratamiento de elección es el metronidazol. Se reporta el caso d...

  8. Verdad por definición

    OpenAIRE

    Garrido Garrido, Julián

    1997-01-01

    Not available.La verdad por definición es un tipo peculiar de verdad científica, distinguible de las verdades lógicas, matemáticas y empíricas. La definición, por su parte, designa diversos procedimientos de asignación de significado, cuyas diferencias exigen una adjetivación cuidadosa: definiciones ostensivas y operacionales, definiciones de diccionario y definiciones teóricas. Pero sólo las del último tipo son verdaderas por definición. En el presente artículo se precisa el concepto formal ...

  9. Effect of feed restriction with voluntary hay intake on the performance and quality of laying hen eggs=Efeito da restrição alimentar com oferta de feno sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário Sérgio Abe

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available The objective was to evaluate the effect of a quantitative feed restriction on the voluntary intake of hay, the performance of laying hens, and on egg quality. A total of 150 Hisex Brown laying hens at 51-weeks old were distributed into five treatments and five replications of six hens each. The treatments consisted of control, with supply of 100 g of feed bird-1 day-1 without hay; and the others consisting of a feed restriction of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the diet offered to the birds in the control treatment, along with an ad libitum supply of cunhã hay (CH, leucaena leaf meal (LLM and tifton hay (TH. A linear increase was found in the hay intake with increasing level of dietary restriction. However, egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion decreased linearly. Yolk color was affected by the treatments. Birds with 20% feed restriction presented the greatest yolk pigmentation. In conclusion, laying hens can be subjected to a 5% feed restriction with supply of hay ad libitum.O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da restrição alimentar sobre a ingestão voluntária de feno, o desempenho das aves e a qualidade dos ovos. Foram utilizadas 150 poedeiras da linhagem Hisex Brown com 51 semanas de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em cinco tratamentos com cinco repetições de seis aves cada. O tratamento controle consistiu no fornecimento de 100 g de ração ave-1 dia-1 sem oferta de feno e os demais na oferta de 95, 90, 85 e 80 g de ração ave-1 dia-1, que corresponderam, respectivamente, às restrições de 5, 10, 15 e 20% da quantidade de ração, com o fornecimento de feno à vontade. Foram utilizados os fenos de cunhã, das folhas de leucena e de tifton. Com o aumento no nível de restrição, houve aumento no consumo diário de feno, redução na produção, na massa de ovo, no peso médio das aves e piora na conversão alimentar. Em relação às características de qualidade dos ovos, apenas a coloração da gema variou

  10. Electrocardiografo por computadora

    OpenAIRE

    Tinoco Hernandez, Rosanna; Paredes Bejarano, Margarita; Romero Chaglia, Norman; Yapur Auad, Miguel Eduardo

    2009-01-01

    El presente trabajo trata sobrees el diseño y la implementación de un graficador de señales cardiacas por computadora, para lo cual diseñamos un circuito electrónico capaz de recibir la senal analógica proveniente de la actividad electrica del corazón , amplificarla, y luego convertirla en una señal digital para ser procesada por software y finalmente ser graficada, siendo posible así observar la señal cardiaca en el monitor de un computador como un tren de pulsos. Cabe destacar que par...

  11. Economic feasibility of hay enriched extruded production as a complete diet for equine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kátia Feltre

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available The present study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of production and commercialization project of Hay Enriched Extruded (HEE as a complete diet for horses. The study was based on survey data and quotation activities involving price from the land preparation (repair, planting and fertilization to the processing of the product at the factory (extrusion and marketing. Transportation costs and taxes were also considered. Discounted Cash Flow (30 years was used to calculate the profitability indicator and the Profit and Loss Statement (PLS. Calculations were developed using Microsoft Office Excel® spreadsheets. Three production scenarios were simulated with different consumer prices: Scenario 1 - equivalent to the complete diet, where the ingredients are supplied together, but purchased separately; Scenario 2 - Considering a value 10% higher than the complete diet; Scenario 3 - Considering a value 20% higher than the complete diet. We observed that the project was economically viable in the three suggested scenarios with positive Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return greater than 9.4% and payback of 11 to 2 years. The results enable us to conclude that the product may be a promising investment for both product quality and ease of use as the rapid return on invested capital.

  12. Influence of metal ions on pellet morphology and polygalacturonase synthesis by Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 Influência dos íons metálicos na morfologia do agregado e na síntese de poligalacturonase por Aspergillus niger 3T5B8

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sônia Couri

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available The effects of cations addition on pellet morphology and polygalacturonase (PG synthesis by Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 were studied and compared with a control system. Fe(II, Cu(II, Zn(II and Mn(II were added to the fermentation medium separately, and also as combined groups of cations. The addition of Fe2+ and/or Zn2+ ions was significantly positive to the enzyme production. A positive effect in the biomass content, however, was only obtained when the same metal ions were added separately. On the other hand, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions had almost no effect on these parameters. The morphology of the pellets was studied by image processing techniques. Small pellets with small cores were usually obtained when Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions were individually or collectively added to the medium. The pellets produced in media containing Fe2+ or Zn2+ ions were compact, while the ones produced in a medium containing both cations were considered diffuse. Autolysis of the core was observed for large control pellets, due to the deficient nutrient transfer to the interior of the pellet. The pellets obtained in a medium containing both Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions were high enzyme producers, probably due to a loose morphology, induced by the presence of combined groups of metal ions in the medium, favoring the nutrient transfer.O efeito da adição de cátions na morfologia do agregado e na síntese de poligalacturonase (PG por Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 foi estudado e comparado com um sistema controle. Fe(II, Cu(II, Zn(II and Mn(II foram adicionados ao meio de fermentação, tanto separadamente, como em grupos de cátions. A adição dos íons Fe2+ e/ou Zn2+ foi positivamente significante para a produção da enzima. Um efeito similar no teor de biomassa, contudo, só pode ser observado quando os mesmos íons foram adicionados isoladamente. Por outro lado, os íons Cu2+ e Mn2+ não afetaram significativamente estes parâmetros. Utilizando-se técnicas de processamento de imagens para o estudo

  13. Gonzalo Rojas: la infancia del poeta en Lebu. Una unidad didáctica por tareas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Puga Larraín, Juana

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Suplemento del número 12 de marcoELE (enero - junio de 2011 La unidad didáctica Gonzalo Rojas: la infancia del poeta en Lebu fue mi trabajo final del seminario “Enfoque por Tareas: programaciones y metodología”, dictado por Sheila Estaire, en el Programa de Máster en Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Extranjera (MEELE 2004-2005, de la Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, en Madrid. Posteriormente, a partir de ese trabajo, y bajo la dirección de Estaire, realicé mi Memoria de Máster: “Los principios del enfoque por tareas y su aplicación en la programación de la Unidad Didáctica Gonzalo Rojas: la infancia del poeta en Lebu “. Este libro corresponde a esa Memoria. En la primera parte, se revisan los aspectos teóricos; después de dar una mirada al Enfoque Comunicativo que da origen al Enfoque por Tareas, se presentan los fundamentos de éste último. En la segunda parte, se describen las Tareas que componen esta Unidad Didáctica. En la tercera parte, damos cuenta de la implementación de la Unidad Didáctica, el año 2005, en un curso del Programa de Lengua y Cultura de la Universidad de California en Concepción, al que asistieron veintidós estudiantes de diversas carreras de esa universidad. Finalmente, en los anexos, entregamos los resultados del trabajo de los estudiantes y el material necesario para implementar la unidad. La unidad didáctica Gonzalo Rojas: la infancia del poeta en Lebu, comienza con la presentación de mi documental Gonzalo Rojas: la casa, el fuego, el río; y con el análisis del poema Carbón, en el que el poeta habla de su infancia en Lebu y de su padre minero. Las primeras dieciocho tareas están destinadas a conocer al poeta, su pueblo natal, y a profundizar en el texto del poema. Posteriormente, hay tres tareas que buscan establecer una relación entre los poemas Carbón y El padre, de Pablo Neruda; y entre los primeros años de vida de ambos poetas. La tarea final de la unidad didáctica consiste en

  14. La migración (pos)conflicto de Afganistán y Somalia a la UE

    OpenAIRE

    Majidi, Nassim

    2016-01-01

    Hay detonantes de la migración de los afganos y somalíes a Europa que no están suficientemente reconocidos, provocados por décadas de conflicto. Aunque oficialmente se catalogan como “posconflicto”, la realidad es muy diferente.

  15. Estado actual de los neonatólogos certificados en México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.M. González-Gómez

    2015-12-01

    Conclusiones: En México hay un neonatólogo por cada 1,823 recién nacidos, 55% de ellos son mujeres, 10 hospitales han formado al 85% de los subespecialistas, el 70% trabaja en hospitales públicos y el 12% en privados.

  16. Descripción del triage en la zona de impacto realizado por personal del área de la salud a partir de ejercicios de simulación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Felipe Palacio Sánchez

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: no existen en la literatura datos concretos acerca de la manera como se realiza el triage de multitud de lesionados en la zona de impacto, ni de los principales determinantes de sus resultados. Se realizó la simulación de un evento en masa y de la clasificación de los lesionados con la idea de describir la manera como se efectúa el triage y tratar de identificar determinantes importantes de sus resultados. OBJETIVO: describir la manera como el personal del área de la salud con distinto nivel de formación lleva a cabo el triage de multitud de lesionados en la zona de impacto, a partir de un ejercicio de simulación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se diseñaron 100 casos simulados de pacientes lesionados en un atentado dinamitero. Se conformaron grupos de 4 personas pertenecientes al área de la salud con distinto nivel de formación para que realizaran el triage en la zona de impacto de 20 casos simulados por cada grupo. Se hicieron 1.000 clasificaciones (50 grupos de 20 casos distribuidos así: 25 grupos de rescate (500 casos, 10 grupos de médicos graduados (200 casos y 15 grupos de estudiantes de último año de medicina (300 casos. No se hizo un análisis estadístico formal de los resultados por la heterogeneidad de los grupos, su tamaño y las condiciones del ejercicio para cada caso. RESULTADOS: se observaron proporciones de acierto globales similares a las reportadas en la literatura mundial (aproximadamente 50%; se observó una proporción de subtriage (11,8% mayor que la reportada en la literatura la cual tiende a cero. Se halló una proporción de sobretriage menor que la aceptada en la literatura, a expensas del aumento en el subtriage. Hay signos de desconocimiento de las herramientas del triage por parte del personal del área de la salud. Las proporciones de acierto y desacierto no parecen estar determinadas por el sexo y la edad; la tendencia es hacia que están determinadas mayormente por el tipo de lesi

  17. Majority ion heating near the ion-ion hybrid layer in tokamaks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Phillips, C.K.; Hosea, J.C.; Ignat, D.; Majeski, R.; Rogers, J.H.; Schilling, G.; Wilson, J.R.

    1995-08-01

    Efficient direct majority ion heating in a deuterium-tritium (D-T) reactor-grade plasma via absorption of fast magnetosonic waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is discussed. Majority ion heating results from resonance overlap between the cyclotron layers and the D-T ion-ion hybrid layer in hot, dense plasmas for fast waves launched with high parallel wavenumbers. Analytic and numerical models are used to explore the regime in ITER plasmas

  18. Contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por las actividades portuarias en el Puerto Masusa, Iquitos, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Patricia Cerdeña

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Las actividades portuarias generan contaminación en las aguas y los alrededores del puerto. Los parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos permiten determinar la presencia o no de contaminación en los cuerpos de agua. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por actividades portuarias del puerto Masusa - Iquitos. Se usó el diseño pre-experimental. Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en los indicadores: pH, aceites y grasas, DBO5, DQO; y presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes termoreguladores y Escherichia coli. Se concluye que existe altas concentraciones de aceites y grasas en el puerto (63,45 mg/L en comparación con el río Amazonas (10 mg/L. El pH del agua del puerto (5,42 es ligeramente mayor al del río Amazonas (6,93. Los resultados muestran que el DQO del puerto Masusa (187mg/L es mayor a la DQO en el río Amazonas (50 mg/L. Las altas concentraciones de DBO5 en las aguas del puerto (87,5 mgO2 con respecto a las del río Amazonas (25 mgO2, nos permiten indicar que hay contaminación orgánica.  La presencia de concentraciones importantes de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y de Escherichia coli, indica que existe contaminación microbiológica. Dichos contaminantes se dan especialmente por desechos fecales vertidos directamente a las aguas.

  19. Contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por las actividades portuarias en el Puerto Masusa, Iquitos, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Patricia Cerdeña

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Las actividades portuarias generan contaminación en las aguas y los alrededores del puerto. Los parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos permiten determinar la presencia o no de contaminación en los cuerpos de agua. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por actividades portuarias del puerto Masusa - Iquitos. Se usó el diseño pre-experimental. Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en los indicadores: pH, aceites y grasas, DBO5, DQO; y presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes termoreguladores y Escherichia coli. Se concluye que existe altas concentraciones de aceites y grasas en el puerto (63,45 mg/L en comparación con el río Amazonas (10 mg/L. El pH del agua del puerto (5,42 es ligeramente mayor al del río Amazonas (6,93. Los resultados muestran que el DQO del puerto Masusa (187mg/L es mayor a la DQO en el río Amazonas (50 mg/L. Las altas concentraciones de DBO5 en las aguas del puerto (87,5 mgO2 con respecto a las del río Amazonas (25 mgO2, nos permiten indicar que hay contaminación orgánica.  La presencia de concentraciones importantes de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y de Escherichia coli, indica que existe contaminación microbiológica. Dichos contaminantes se dan especialmente por desechos fecales vertidos directamente a las aguas.

  20. Transición para la vida adulta: la transformación del rol parental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde la adolescencia, hay un período de experimento caracterizado por el retardo de la entrada definitiva en el mundo adulto. A lo largo de ese período, nombrado como transición para la vida adulta, los padres siguen responsables por sus hijos. Nuestro objetivo es comprender los significados asignados a la experiencia de ser padres y madres de jóvenes. Utilizamos una metodología cualitativa, realizando veinte entrevistas. Sometimos las entrevistas al Análisis de Contenido, estableciendo los siguientes ejes temáticos: 1 Mundo de los Jóvenes; 2 Conflictos y Negociaciones; 3 Acerca del Futuro; y 4 Padre/Madre de Jóvenes. Concluimos que hay un desafío presente en ese momento del ciclo de vida familiar: en una relación de dependencia, los padres necesitan crear condiciones para el desarrollo adulto de los hijos.

  1. Endogenous phosphorus excretion by sheep fed hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse, lucerne hay and citrus pulp

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dias, R.S.; Roque, A.P.; Vitti, D.M.S.S.

    2006-01-01

    The objective of this study was to determine endogenous phosphorus excretion in sheep fed with different diets. Sixteen male growing sheep, received a basic diet with: 42% hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse (HSB), 45% lucerne hay (LH) plus 14% hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse, and 30% citrus pulp (CTP) plus 40% hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse. A dose of 7.7 MBq 32 P was injected into the left jugular vein of each animal. The P endogenous fecal losses were: 1.69, 2.50, 2.33 and 1.45 g/animal for treatments HSB, LH, and CTP respectively (P>0.05). The type of diet influenced slight endogenous P excretion but altered excretion of P in urine. Endogenous P excreted in feces (P F ) comes mainly from saliva and represents an important loss of P. The estimation of net requirements of phosphorus (P) for ruminants includes endogenous losses, which is also essential for calculating true absorption of this mineral. Physical structure of the feed may influence endogenous losses, altering the metabolism of P and also the demand of this mineral, therefore being important to know how different feeds affect endogenous P losses. (author)

  2. Variability among pathologists in the histological diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection: is it a subjective diagnosis? Variabilidad entre patólogos en el diagnóstico histológico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori: ¿un diagnóstico subjetivo?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Arias Restrepo

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Histopathologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp infection is not necessarily easy, and reproducibility is not perfect. Our aim was to determine differences in the frequency of Hp infection according to the pathologists interpreting gastric biopsies in Medellín (Colombia. Materials and methods: All gastric biopsy reports of eight pathologists during one year were reviewed. We excluded cases with intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, dysplasia or carcinoma. We registered patient age, positivity or negativity for H. pylori, and pathologist. We determined the percentage with H. pylori infection and the percentage of each pathologist in order to determine differences. Results: 2.023 cases were included. Each pathologist evaluated a mean of 252.9 ± 154.9 cases (range: 102-445. Patients were 43.5 ± 15.1 years-old (range: 12-90. H. pylori was diagnosed in 1.034 cases (51.1%. The range of positivity according to the pathologist was 38.8-71.1%; mean 51.1% ± 8.7% (p < 0,001. Conclusion: Among pathologists, there is a significant variability in the frequency of diagnosis of H. pylori infection. This result suggests the need to achieve greater homogeneity of concepts and criteria for the diagnosis of this infection, and of its severity. El diagnóstico histológico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp puede ser difícil, principalmente en casos con pocos microorganismos. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si hay diferencias significativas en la frecuencia del diagnóstico de la infección por Hp entre patólogos que laboran en Medellín. Materiales y métodos: revisamos todos los informes de biopsias gástricas de ocho patólogos durante un año. Excluimos las biopsias con metaplasia, atrofia, displasia o carcinoma. Registramos la edad del paciente, la presencia o ausencia de Hp y el patólogo que estudió la biopsia. Calculamos el porcentaje de casos con la infección y el porcentaje por patólogo. Finalmente, comparamos estos porcentajes para

  3. Mejora el rendimiento de los estudiantes utilizando la multimedia con interacción alumno profesor

    OpenAIRE

    Pilozo Solano, Richard; Flores Herrera, Jorge

    2011-01-01

    Muchas son las razones por las cuales la Física, siendo una ciencia experimental, no se transmite a los estudiantes como lo que realmente es. Se puede mencionar entre otros la elevada cantidad de estudiantes que hay en los salones de clases, lo que repercute en la implementación de laboratorios por razones económicas y logísticas. Otra razón, por la que la Física no llega al estudiante, es que los profesores se concentran en el contenido, es decir se esmeran en terminar los programas en lugar...

  4. Acoso escolar

    OpenAIRE

    Armero Pedreira, P.; Bernardino Cuesta, B.; Bonet de Luna, C.

    2011-01-01

    El bullying, acoso escolar o violencia entre iguales, produce mucho sufrimiento en quienes lo padecen. Aunque tradicionalmente se suele enfatizar la relación acosador-acosado, hay más actores. Tanto por la angustia que causa a la víctima, por el refuerzo que recibe el acosador cuyas conductas agresivas quedan impunes, como por la insensibilización o indefensión aprendida de los espectadores, debe ser abordado como un problema grupal y social. El mejor tratamiento es la prevención y se debe tr...

  5. Programa de prevención y de erradicación del trabajo infantil y adolescente

    OpenAIRE

    Montesinos Arruti, María Natalia

    2015-01-01

    El trabajo infantil, una problemática social compleja, es toda actividad económica, remunerada o no, realizada por niños y por niñas por debajo de la edad mínima de admisión al empleo o al trabajo, independientemente de su categoría ocupacional. Existen factores que ayudan a producirlo, como el desempleo, los bajos salarios, la distribución inequitativa de la riqueza, el trabajo no registrado y la legitimación de prácticas tradicionales del trabajo infantil. En la actualidad hay, ap...

  6. Proyecto de Factibilidad para la creación de un Taller de Mantenimiento de Contenedores y Equipos de Refrigeración en el Sur de la Ciudad de Quito.

    OpenAIRE

    Puente Heredia, Oscar Paúl

    2010-01-01

    En los últimos años el transporte pesado ha ido en aumento en nuestro país. Por un lado el crecimiento de las grandes empresas, que por sus volúmenes de ventas, se han visto en la necesidad de crear sus propias flotas de transporte para movilizar sus productos y por otro lado el incremento de empresas logísticas que se dedican al transporte de mercaderías. Hay empresas que necesitan que sus productos se encuentren bajo refrigeración para lo cual requieren de unidades de tran...

  7. Preferencia por hijos varones y escasez de mujeres en India

    OpenAIRE

    Arun Kumar Acharya; Adriana Salas Stevanato

    2006-01-01

    El objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar algunos de los principales aspectos que han provocado un desequilibrio en el índice del sexo femenino en la India debido a la preferencia de género, pues según datos del censo de 2001 hay un déficit de 35 millones de mujeres en comparación con el número total de hombres. Para constatar dicha preferencia se han considerado los índices de la tasa de natalidad y mortalidad, así como los aspectos socioculturales que contribuyen y agravan la ...

  8. Violencias en el Norte de México: el caso de Ciudad Juárez

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Aziz Nassif

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se hace un análisis de los diferentes tipos de violencia que se generan en la crisis de una ciudad que fue abatida por las bandas del narcotráfico en la frontera de México con Estados Unidos. Hay efecto combinado de guerra entre cárteles por el control de la plaza, que se mezcla con la mala estrategia de enfrentamiento y la penetración de los cuerpos policíacos, lo que da como resultado una amplia destrucción de personas, familias y espacios. Las violencias se construyen porque hay causas estructurales, como el modelo de ciudad, porque hay una deficiente presencia del Estado y por una estrategia de guerra entre cárteles. Todo esto produce la crisis de violencia que se vive en Ciudad Juárez.   Abstract   This paper provides an analysis of the different types of violence that are generated in the crisis of a city that was shot down by drug gangs in Mexico’s border with the United States. The combined effects of the war between cartels for control of the square, mixed with the bad strategy of confrontation and the penetration of the police forces give as a result extensive destruction of individuals, families and spaces. Violence is built because there are structural causes such as the city’s model, because there is a weak State presence and war strategy between cartels. All this results in the violence crisis that exists in Ciudad Juarez.

  9. Celulitis por citomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus cellulitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Ruiz Lascano

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.Cutaneous lesions in CMV infection are rare, often a late manifestation of systemic infection, and usually herald a fatal course. A 70 year-old woman received a kidney transplantation one month before consulting and immunosuppressive therapy that included cyclosporine A and methylprednisone. She complained of fever, local pain in her right leg, and an erythematous and swelling plaque. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics without improvement. A skin biopsy was performed and the tissue obtained was sent for bacterial and fungal cultures as well as for histological examination. Cultures were negative. The biopsy showed CMV cytopathic changes. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for CMV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR testing revealed CMV DNA. She was treated with ganciclovir with resolution of the lesion. CMV cellulitis is a rare cutaneous manifestation

  10. Derecho global administrativo y de la contratación pública tras la cuarta generación de Directivas de la Unión Europea. Los principios generales de desarrollo humano y sostenibilidad ambiental

    OpenAIRE

    Pintos Santiago, Jaime

    2016-01-01

    Podría presentar este trabajo de una manera muy sencilla, pero desapropiada seguramente para la ocasión y su finalidad, diciendo que: “es una cuestión de valores, o de principios para el caso que nos ocupa, y detrás de los buenos valores o principios siempre hay buenas personas”, por ello este trabajo también está dedicado y dirigido a todas aquéllas buenas personas que hay en el Mundo, sobre todo a las que tienen o tendrán capacidad decisoria y de influencia en los asuntos públicos. La co...

  11. Ideas y representaciones sociales de la adolescencia

    OpenAIRE

    Casco Ramos, Francisco José

    2003-01-01

    El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral está en conocer las ideas que hay en la actualidad sobre la adolescencia en nuestro país, y en diferentes grupos como los propios adolescentes, los padres, los profesores y las personas mayores de sesenta años. Este interés se justifica por la opinión de que estas ideas influirán decisivamente en las interacciones que, po r ejemplo, padres y profesores tendrán con sus hijos y alumnos respectivamente. Hay, además que tener en cuenta que los cambios sociales d...

  12. Cinética de separación de Cu (II por técnicas de flotación iónica, en celdas con dispersores flexibles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reyes, M.

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available This research studies and experimentally determines the kinetic parameters and effect of modifying the hydrodynamics and chemical conditions of the air-liquid dispersions during the Cu (II extraction by ion flotation techniques in cells with porous spargers. Results show that the elimination of Cu (II from solution can be carried out by ion flotation in one stage, obtaining efficiencies of 68% and 56% for the flat and cylindrical sparger respectively with a xanthate concentration of 0,02 g/l. In multistage systems five cells, recoveries over 92 % were achieved for both sparger geometries. The behavior of the flotation apparent kinetic constant is linear to the parameters that characterize dispersion (Jg, eg y Db, until a point is achieved where the process instability makes the system inoperable. The results show that removing base metal ions by ion flotation is strongly affected by the following factors: collector concentration [C], Jg, eg, Db, Jl and Sb.

    Este estudio investiga y determina experimentalmente los parámetros cinéticos y el efecto de la modificación de las condiciones químicas e hidrodinámicas de las dispersiones aire-líquido, durante la separación de Cu (II mediante técnicas de flotación iónica en celdas con dispersores porosos. Los resultados muestran que la eliminación de Cu (II de la solución se puede llevar acabo por flotación iónica en una etapa, con 68 y 56 % de recuperación y una concentración de xantato de 0,02 g/l, para los difusores de burbujas cilíndrico y plano, respectivamente. En sistemas multi etapas cinco celdas, se lograron recuperaciones superiores al 92 % para ambas geometrías de dispersión. La constante cinética de flotación aparente mantiene un comportamiento lineal con los parámetros que caracterizan una dispersión (Jg, eg y Db, hasta un punto donde la inestabilidad del proceso vuelve inoperable el sistema. Los resultados muestran que la remoción de iones

  13. El tétano y la encefalitis post-vacunales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Facultad de Medicina Revista

    1944-06-01

    Full Text Available Conviene divulgar nociones en el público, en estos momentos en que se esta vacunando en grande escala contra la viruela. Hay que destacar el hecho de que la vacunación debería hacerse realmente por médicos y enfermeros expertos y no por cualquier persona. Igualmente que no deben ponerse sobre las vacunas apósitos ni desinfectantes, que podrían determinar tétano y encefalitis.

  14. Aprendizaje criminal desde los postulados de Albert Bandura y su articulación con la política criminal

    OpenAIRE

    Hikal, Wael

    2016-01-01

    La agresión es una conducta heredada y aprendida a través de siglos, ha sido necesaria para enfrentar determinadas situaciones; sin embargo, hay otros tipos de agresividad que son destructivos. En el presente se revisa desde la postura de Albert Bandura, sobre el aprendizaje a la agresión por observación, imitación, modelamiento, ya sea por los padres, familiares, amigos, medios de comunicación u otras formas.

  15. Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional, 2000-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristian A. Herrera Riquelme

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE, para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (IDP para cada año. Resultados. Se registraron 232 541 muertes por cáncer en el período 2000-2010. Los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes fueron de mama, estómago y vesícula biliar en mujeres; y estómago, próstata y pulmón en hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer estandarizadas por edad fueron mayores en los NE más bajos, excepto para el de mama en mujer y el de pulmón en hombres. Las mayores diferencias se encontraron en el de vesícula biliar en mujeres y el de estómago en hombres, con mayores tasas de mortalidad específica de hasta 49 y 63 veces respectivamente, para NE bajo respecto al NE alto. Entre 2000 y 2010, las diferencias en mortalidad por NE se redujeron para todos los cánceres combinados en ambos géneros, mama en mujeres, y pulmón y estómago en hombres. Conclusiones. Durante el período estudiado, la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile estuvo fuertemente asociada al NE de la población. Esta información debe ser considerada al definir estrategias nacionales para reducir la mortalidad específica por cáncer en los grupos más desprotegidos.

  16. El sentido del montaje y las técnicas del collage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel de Prada

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available "No se puede pegar un campo de trigo en el lienzo; para volver a colocar la pintura en su escala emotiva hay que conformarse con un sello de correos, por ejemplo". Louis Aragon. "Collages en la novela y en el cine". 1965

  17. Síncope y escalas de riesgo ¿Qué evidencia se tiene?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Mora, MD

    2011-11-01

    Conclusiones: aunque existen varias escalas para la definición de riesgo con el paciente que ingresa por síncope a urgencias, no hay evidencia de que alguna sea superior a otra, tienen poca validez externa y no se han aplicado en nuestro medio.

  18. An RF ion source based primary ion gun for secondary ion mass spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menon, Ranjini; Nabhiraj, P.Y.; Bhandari, R.K.

    2011-01-01

    In this article we present the design, development and characterization of an RF plasma based ion gun as a primary ion gun for SIMS application. RF ion sources, in particular Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) ion sources are superior compared to LMIS and duoplasmtron ion sources since they are filamentless, can produce ions of gaseous elements. At the same time, ICP ion sources offer high angular current density which is an important factor in producing high current in small spot size on the target. These high current microprobes improve the signal to noise ratio by three orders as compared to low current ion sources such as LMIS. In addition, the high current microprobes have higher surface and depth profiling speeds. In this article we describe a simple ion source in its very basic form, two lens optical column and characteristics of microprobe

  19. Effects of dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of goats fed Paspalum plicatulum hay-based diet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sahutaya Pongprayoon

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available To investigate the effects of inclusion of palm kernel cake (PKC in the diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentationcharacteristics, nitrogen balance and microbial N supply, five goats (initial BW = 20±1 kg were randomly assigned to a55 Latin square design to receive five diets, T1 = concentrate with 15% PKC, T2 = 25% PKC, T3 = 35% PKC, T4 = 45% PKCand T5 = 55% PKC, of dietary dry matter, respectively. Plicatulum hay was offered ad libitum as the roughage. A metabolismtrial lasted for 21 days during which live weight changes and feed intakes were measured. Based on this experiment, therewere no significant differences (p>0.05 among treatment groups regarding dry matter (DM intake and digestion coefficientsof DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, except in T4 and T5 (45 and 55% PKCwhich had lower (p0.05, however the concentration of total volatile fatty acids and protozoal populations were slightly lower forgoats fed inclusion of 45-55% PKC as compared with other treatments. Based on this experiment, it could be concluded thatthe optimal level of PKC in concentrate should be 15-35% for goats fed with plicatulum hay and that it may be an effectivemeans of exploiting the use of local feed resources for goat production.

  20. Ion mixing and numerical simulation of different ions produced in the ECR ion source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shirkov, G.D.

    1996-01-01

    This paper is to continue theoretical investigations and numerical simulations in the physics of ECR ion sources within the CERN program on heavy ion acceleration. The gas (ion) mixing effect in ECR sources is considered here. It is shown that the addition of light ions to the ECR plasma has three different mechanisms to improve highly charged ion production: the increase of confinement time and charge state of highly ions as the result of ion cooling; the concentration of highly charged ions in the central region of the source with high energy and density of electrons; the increase of electron production rate and density of plasma. The numerical simulations of lead ion production in the mixture with different light ions and different heavy and intermediate ions in the mixture with oxygen, are carried out to predict the principal ECR source possibilities for LHC applications. 18 refs., 23 refs

  1. Effects of Different Combinations of Oat Hay and Whole Corn Silage on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep%燕麦干草与全株玉米青贮不同组合对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    张毕阳; 赵桂琴; 焦婷; 柴继宽; 苟智强; 许兴泽; 闫车太

    2017-01-01

    This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different combinations of oat hay and whole corn silage on ruminal fermentation of sheep. Nine cross breed ( Merino×Mongolian) rams with similar body condition, body weight of (70.24±2.03) kg and fitted with permanent rumen cannulas were selected and divided into three groups with three sheep per group according to the weighting result of transitional period, and their diets were grouped as three according to the ratio of oat hay and whole corn silage in the roughage ( dry matter basis) , i. e. , A1 ( 100% whole corn silage ) , A2 ( 50% oat hay+50% whole corn silage ) and A3 (100% oat hay), and the concentrate?to?forage ratio of three diets was 35:65. A 3×3 Latin square design was used. Three trial periods were conducted with 22 days for each period ( 15 days for pretest and 7 days for for?mal test) . Samples were taken at the last 3 days of the formal test. The results showed as follows:1) compared with 100% whole corn silage, taking 50% oat hay+50% whole corn silage or 100% oat hay as roughage had no significant effects on pH and total nitrogen concentration in ruminal fluid, but significantly reduced the means of ruminal fluid urea nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen ( NH3?N) , and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations ( P0.05) . The mean of ruminal fluid NH3?N concentration in A2 group was significantly lower than that in A3 group (P0.05),但显著降低了瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3?N)、尿素氮和血浆尿素氮浓度平均值(P0.05),而瘤胃液NH3?N浓度平均值则显著低于A3组(P0.05),升高了瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸摩尔比以及乙酸/丙酸平均值,且A3组与A1组差异显著(P<0.05).由此可知,在精料相同、精粗比为35:65的条件下,用50%全贮玉米青贮和50%燕麦干草混合作为粗饲料可以改善绵羊的瘤胃内环境而适宜瘤胃微生物生长,提高瘤胃微生物活性及其对氨(NH3)的利用率,有助于微生物蛋白的合成,升高瘤胃乙酸的摩尔比及乙酸/丙酸.

  2. Recoil ion spectroscopy with heavy ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Beyer, H.F.; Mann, R.

    1984-01-01

    This chapter examines the production of very high charge state ions in single ion-atom collisions. Topics considered include some aspects of highly ionized atoms, experimental approaches, the production of highly charged target ions (monoatomic targets, recoil energy distribution, molecular fragmentation, outer-shell rearrangement, lifetime measurements, a comparison of projectile-, target-, and plasma-ion stripping), and secondary collision experiments (selective electron capture, potential applications). The heavy-ion beams for the described experiments were provided by accelerators such as tandem Van de Graaff facility and the UNILAC

  3. Muerte materna por malaria grave por Plasmodium vivax

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy Arróspide

    Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 19 años con 29 semanas de gestación, procedente de Llumpe (Ancash con antecedentes de viajes a las localidades de Chanchamayo (Junín y Rinconada (Ancash. Ingresó al Hospital de Chacas (Ancash por presentar mal estado general, deshidratación, dificultad respiratoria, ictericia, sensación de alza térmica y dolor abdominal, tuvo reporte de: hemoparásitos 60% en frotis sanguíneo. Fue transferida al Hospital Ramos Guardia (Huaraz donde presentó mayor dificultad respiratoria, coluria, hematuria, disminución del débito urinario y reporte de Plasmodium (+, luego fue transferida al Hospital Cayetano Heredia (Lima donde ingresó a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI, con evolución a falla multiorgánica, óbito fetal y muerte materna. Se confirmó infección por Plasmodium vivax. Destacamos la importancia de mejorar nuestras capacidades de diagnóstico y manejo para brindar un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno.

  4. Determinación de la variación de entalpía de la interacción entre el herbicida glifosato, y los iones de calcio, zinc y aluminio en solución acuosa por calorimetría isotérmica de titulación.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavio Adriano Bastos

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available El glifosato [N-(fosfonometil glicina] es una molécula no selectivo ampliamente utilizado en Brasil como un desecante en los cultivos sin labranza, entre las hileras de los cultivos perennes y para la eliminación de las malezas en ambientes acuáticos. Es el herbicida más usado en el mundo. Debido a la presencia de grupos amino, carboxílico y fosfónico en su molécula, este herbicida es capaz de formar complejos con metales fuertes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la determinación de los parámetros de la termodinámica de las interacciones entre el glifosato y el calcio, cobre, zinc y aluminio por calorimetría isotérmica de titulación (ITC. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo a 298,15 K en una solución acuosa de pH controlado y es igual a 2,00. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó por el Método de la Tangente. Los resultados para el cambio de entalpía (kJ.mol-1, la energía libre de Gibbs (kJ.mol-1 y cambio de entropía (J.mol-1K-1, fueron, respectivamente: Ca (II = + 0,07 ± 0,01; - 18,8 ± 0,5, 63,0 ± 2; Cu (II = + 6,24 ± 0,06, - 67,9 ± 0,5, 249 ± 2; Zn (II = + 0,25 ± 0,01, - 49,7 ± 0,5, 167 ± 2 e Al (III = + 6,84 ± 0,45, - 78,2 ± 0,5, 285 ± 2. Los complejos formados son entrópicamente impulsado, desde el punto de vista energético, las interacciones se presentan muy pobres, que pueden ser observadas por los valores positivos del cambio de entalpia. Esto se debe principalmente a la eliminación de las moléculas de agua de hidratación de los iones de metal para la mayor parte de la solución. Con la información actual, podemos concluir que la complejidad del herbicida con el ion de aluminio es más fuerte que con otro cationes.

  5. Milk yield, milk composition, eating behavior, and lamb performance of ewes fed diets containing soybean hulls replacing coastcross (Cynodon species) hay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Araujo, R C; Pires, A V; Susin, I; Mendes, C Q; Rodrigues, G H; Packer, I U; Eastridge, M L

    2008-12-01

    The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacing coastcross hay NDF by soybean hull (SH) NDF on the lactation performance and eating behavior of ewes and also on the performance of their lambs. Fifty-six Santa Inês lactating ewes (56.1 +/- 6.8 kg of initial BW; mean +/- SD) were penned individually and used in a randomized complete block design with 14 blocks and 4 treatments. Diets were formulated to provide similar concentrations of NDF (56%) and CP (16%). The SH NDF replaced 33 (SH33), 67 (SH67), or 100% (SH100) of the NDF contributed by coastcross hay in a 70% forage-based diet (SH0), resulting in SH inclusion rates of 0, 25, 54, and 85% of the dietary DM. Once a week, from the second to the eighth week of lactation (weaning time), ewes were separated from their lambs, stimulated by a 6-IU i.v. oxytocin injection, and hand milked to empty the udder. After 3 h, milk production was obtained after the same procedure. Quadratic effect for milk production (142.4, 179.8, 212.6, and 202.9 g/3 h) and cubic effect for DMI (2.27, 2.69, 3.25, and 3.00 kg/d) were observed as SH inclusion increased from 0 to 85% of the dietary DM. Milk fat (7.59, 7.86, 7.59, and 7.74%), protein (4.53, 4.43, 4.40, and 4.55%), and total solids (18.24, 18.54, 18.39, and 18.64%) did not differ among the 70% forage-based diet and diets with SH NDF replacing 33, 67, or 100% of the NDF. A linear increase in lactose concentration was observed with SH inclusion. Ewe BW gain during the trial showed a cubic response (0.37, 0.03, 4.80, and 2.80 kg) with SH inclusion. The preweaning ADG of lambs increased linearly, and ADG of lambs after weaning decreased linearly with SH inclusion. Final BW of lambs (2 wk after weaning) did not differ among treatments. Eating behavior observations were conducted with 44 ewes. The same facilities, experimental design, dietary treatments, and feeding management were used. Observations were visually recorded every 5 min for a 24-h period when

  6. Desenvolvimento de um kit de irrigação por microtubos com moto-bomba propulsionada por energia solar

    OpenAIRE

    Luiz Ricardo Sobenko

    2016-01-01

    O bombeamento de água por meio da energia solar vem se mostrando uma alternativa para localidades onde outras fontes de energia não estão disponíveis ou são limitadas. Torna-se interessante aliar essa alternativa a um sistema de irrigação que opera com vazão e pressão relativamente baixas, como a irrigação localizada por microtubos, possibilitando assim a obtenção de alta eficiência. No presente trabalho teve-se por objetivo dimensionar e avaliar um kit de irrigação por microtubos, alimentado...

  7. Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional, 2000-2010

    OpenAIRE

    Cristian A. Herrera Riquelme; Lucy Kuhn-Barrientos; Roberto Rosso Astorga; Jorge Jiménez de la Jara

    2015-01-01

    Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE), para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR) y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (ID...

  8. Surface negative ion production in ion sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belchenko, Y.

    1993-01-01

    Negative ion sources and the mechanisms for negative ion production are reviewed. Several classes of sources with surface origin of negative ions are examined in detail: surface-plasma sources where ion production occurs on the electrode in contact with the plasma, and ''pure surface'' sources where ion production occurs due to conversion or desorption processes. Negative ion production by backscattering, impact desorption, and electron- and photo-stimulated desorption are discussed. The experimental efficiencies of intense surface negative ion production realized on electrodes contacted with hydrogen-cesium or pure hydrogen gas-discharge plasma are compared. Recent modifications of surface-plasma sources developed for accelerator and fusion applications are reviewed in detail

  9. Polución por material particulado fino (PM 2,5) incrementa las hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardiaca

    OpenAIRE

    Castro, Pablo; Vera, Jeanette; Cifuentes, Luis; Wellenius, Gregory; Verdejo, Hugo; Sepúlveda, Luis; Vukasovic, José Luis; Llevaneras, Silvana

    2010-01-01

    Antecedentes: Estudios recientes han reportado una asociación entre la contaminación ambiental por material particulado (PM) y el riesgo de hospitalizaciones de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). La región metropolitana de nuestro país constituye un área geográfica en la cual la contaminación es especialmente relevante, asociándose a incrementos periódicos en la morbimortalidad por causa respiratoria. Sin embargo el efecto de la polución por PM en la morbilidad de pacientes con IC no ...

  10. El diseño curricular por competencias en educación médica: impacto en la formación profesional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José-Vicente Lafuente

    Full Text Available La universidad está en un proceso de refundación con profundos cambios epistemológicos. La decisión de la UE de desarrollar una "economía basada en el conocimiento" requiere el establecimiento de objetivos educativos comunes que desarrolla el proceso de Bolonia, herramienta clave de la construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. En este contexto la universidad, tradicionalmente regida por el paradigma conductista, constata que las competencias definen los perfiles profesionales. Este concepto esta vinculado al diseño de los nuevos curricula. El diseño curricular es una selección cultural, un ejercicio de "apreciar y excluir". El currículum debe responder a: ¿Cuál es el conocimiento válido?, ¿Cómo se adquieren los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes? y ¿Cómo evaluar el logro de las competencias? Las competencias son una combinación de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes conducentes al desempeño adecuado y oportuno de una tarea en el campo de las ciencias de la salud. Las hay básicas, con las que cada uno construimos nuestro aprendizaje, personales, las que nos permiten actuar responsablemente, y profesionales, las que garantizan el cumplimiento del ejercicio profesional. Los modelos por competencias profesionales integradas buscan generar procesos formativos de alta calidad. Ello implica promover acciones que supongan modificaciones reales en la práctica docente con un acercamiento dinámico a la realidad del mundo circundante. Ello sólo puede ser acometido si el estudiante asume un papel activo en su aprendizaje. En esta línea se insta a órganos de gobierno, sociedades profesionales y foros independientes de opinión a colaborar en la refundación de la universidad en los comienzos del siglo XXI.

  11. Elución de iones de níquel desde esferas de alginato en un medio ácido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aracena, Alvaro

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Elution of nickel ions from alginate beads was studied in a temperature range of 2 to 80 °C and a sulfuric acid concentration between 0.005 to 2.5 g L−1. The elution mechanism was established by ion exchange between nickel and ions protons, obtaining a value of 93% elution at a temperature of 80 °C and a H2SO4 concentration of 0.25 g L−1. The influence of other acids on nickel elution was also studied. The nickel elution rate was significantly influenced by temperature and concentration of H2SO4. Elution kinetics of nickel ions was studied, and the 1-(1-α1/3=kappt model properly described the kinetics of this reaction. The dependence of nickel elution on the sulfuric acid concentration was of the order of 0.33. Moreover, the intrinsic rate constants were determined and an activation energy value of 54.5 kJ mol−1 was obtained for the temperature range studied. The results indicated that the nickel elution is a process controlled by chemical reactions.Se estudió la elución de iones de níquel desde esferas de alginato en un intervalo de temperaturas de 2 a 80 °C y una concentración de ácido sulfúrico entre 0,005 a 2,5 g L−1. El mecanismo de elución fue establecido por intercambio iónico entre protones e iones de níquel alcanzando valores de elución de 93% a una temperatura de 80 °C y concentración de H2SO4 de 0,25 g L−1. También se estudió la influencia de otros ácidos sobre la elución de níquel. La velocidad de elución de níquel fue significativamente influenciada por la temperatura y concentración de H2SO4. La cinética de elución de iones de níquel fue estudiada y el modelo 1-(1-α1/3=kappt describió muy bien la cinética de esta reacción. La dependencia de la elución de níquel sobre la concentración de ácido sulfúrico fue del orden de 0,33. Además, fueron determinadas las constantes de velocidad intrínseca y se obtuvo un valor de energía de activación de 54,5 kJ mol−1 para el intervalo de

  12. Análisis sobre los procesos de enseñanzaaprendizaje de geometría a través de actividades vivenciales en 2º de la ESO de un centro educativo en Madrid.

    OpenAIRE

    Cámara, Sara

    2012-01-01

    La motivación por el estudio de las matemáticas por medio de experiencias satisfactorias y de éxito, y la importancia de la fase de consolidación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, son los puntos de partida para el desarrollo y diseño de pautas de trabajo de las unidades didácticas de la geometría, en un grupo específico de 2º E.S.O. Hay que tener en cuenta que el alumno es un ser activo dentro de su propio proceso educativo, por lo que debe decidir por sí mismos su deseo llevar...

  13. Marketing profissional e visibilidade social na enfermagem: uma estratégia de valorização de recursos humanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En el ámbito internacional hay un movimiento de valorización de la enfermería entre las profesiones de salud, que usa para ello, herramientas de marketing profesional. Por medio de una revisión integradora de la literatura, se discutió el marketing como herramienta para el incremento de la visibilidad de la enfermería. Se utilizaron las bases LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science y SciELO. Se seleccionaron publicaciones que asociaban el marketing a la enfermería en el período de 2000 a 2010. Se encontraron 91 artículos, y después de la lectura exhaustiva de los títulos y resúmenes se seleccionaron ocho publicaciones que abordan, en su mayoría, el uso de los medios de comunicación como estrategia de marketing de la profesión para promover la salud y la imagen profesional transmitida en medios como la internet y televisión. El tema es poco explorado en la investigación en enfermería, pero hay perspectivas de avance por el interés que despierta y por el reconocimiento creciente de su importancia.

  14. Reformas constitucionales y competencia política en Bolivia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Torrico

    2017-03-01

    El presente artículo explica  las  causas  y  efectos del cambio institucional en contextos políticos en los que no hay garantía sobre el cumplimiento estricto de  las reglas.  Analizando  la  reforma  política  de  2005  que  posibilitó  (por primera vez  que   en   Bolivia   los   prefectos   o  gobernadores  puedan  ser elegidos por voto popular,  se  halla  evidencia  que  indica  que  cuando  hay crisis  de  legitimidad,  las  coaliciones  declinantes  impulsan  cambios inclu-yentes  que  reducen   sus   futuras   pérdidas  electorales  y  no  pueden  ser revertidos por las coaliciones ascendentes que llegan al poder. No obstante, éstas intentan limitar el grado de inclusión de las reglas a través de cambios normativos de menor nivel que disminuyen la competencia política.

  15. Síndrome de Munchausen por mandato

    OpenAIRE

    Esteban, Miguel A.; Pérez, Miriam R.; Bracco, Anahí

    2006-01-01

    El Síndrome de Munchausen por mandato, "un trastorno ficticio, por el cual la enfermedad del niño es inducida, promovida o provocada por la persona más próxima a él, generalmente su madre", es todavía mal conocido y su génesis imperfectamente comprendida. Esta comunicación está destinada a esclarecer al pediatra esta patología, con elevada morbilidad y secuelas, como así también de altísima mo...

  16. The Effect of Feeding Calliandra Calothyrus in Different Patterns as a Supplement to Rhodes Grass Hay on Intake, Nitrogen Utilization and Milk Yield of dual Purpose Goats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kariuki, J.N.

    2002-01-01

    Eighteen dual purpose goats were used to evaluate the effects of feeding Calliandra caryothyrus leaf meal at different patterns as a supplement to Rhodes grass hay on intake, nitrogen utilization and milk yield. A basal diet of low quality Rhodes grass hay (fed at 90% ad libitum) and 100 g maize germ were offered to the goats over a 60-day experimental period. The treatments were:- (T1) 100 g day -1 calliandra for 60 days; (T2) 200 g day -1 calliandra for 30 days followed by another 30 days where 200 g or 0 g day -1 calliandra were alternated every 5 days; and (T3) 200 g or 0 g day -1 alternated every 5 days for 60 days. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly (p -1 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively.Milk Yields had similar trend and averaged 166.1, 231.8 and 201.1 g day -1 for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The utilization of nitrogen was also significantly (p<0.05) affected by pattern of supplement feeding. It was concluded from the results that the overall animal response could be influenced by how a limited quantity of supplement was fed

  17. Ion-ion collisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salzborn, Erhard; Melchert, Frank

    2000-01-01

    Collisions between ions belong to the elementary processes occurring in all types of plasmas. In this article we give a short overview about collisions involving one-electron systems. For collisions involving multiply-charged ions we limit the discussion to one specific quasi-one-electron system. (author)

  18. Divulgación de información sostenible: ¿se adapta a las expectativas de la sociedad?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Valeriano Frías Aceituno

    2013-06-01

    Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que hay varias diferencias entre países en relación con las divulgaciones de información, todas justificadas por los valores culturales relativos al colectivismo, la feminidad, la tolerancia a la incertidumbre y la distancia de poder.

  19. ¿Hay un rol para los agentes biológicos en el tratamiento de la patología pulmonar intersticial asociada a enfermedades del tejido conectivo?

    OpenAIRE

    Quadrelli, Silvia; Dubinsky, Diana; Alvarez, Sabrina

    2016-01-01

    Excepto en la esclerodermia, no hay ensayos clínicos controlados válidos para guiar la decisión de tratamiento en enfermedad pulmonar intersticial asociada a enfermedades del tejido conectivo (EPID-ETC). Los únicos dos estudios randomizados, controlados, publicados en pacientes con esclerodermia, mostraron un beneficio modesto pero significativo del uso de ciclofosfamida, y la transformaron en el esquema más convencional de tratamiento de toda la EPID-ETC. Los tratamientos iniciales aceptados...

  20. Numerical simulation of ion temperature gradient driven modes in the presence of ion-ion collisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, X.Q.

    1990-08-01

    Ion temperature gradient driven modes in the presence of ion-ion collisions in a toroidal geometry with trapped ions have been studied by using a 1 2/2 d linearized gyro-kinetic particle simulation code in the electrostatic limit. The purpose of the investigation is to try to understand the physics of flat density discharges, in order to test the marginal stability hypothesis. Results giving threshold conditions of L Ti /R 0 , an upper bound on k χ , and linear growth rates and mode frequencies over all wavelengths for the collisionless ion temperature gradient driven modes are obtained. The behavior of ion temperature gradient driven instabilities in the transition from slab to toroidal geometry, with trapped ions, is shown. A Monte Carlo scheme for the inclusion of ion-ion collisions, in which ions can undergo Coulomb collisional dynamical friction, velocity space diffusion and random walk of guiding centers, has been constructed. The effects of ion-ion collisions on the long wave length limit of the ion modes is discussed. 44 refs., 12 figs

  1. DESGASTE POR ABRASIÓN DEL ACERO API 5L X65 REVESTIDO CON NIOBIO POR ASPERSIÓN TÉRMICA A PLASMA Y CON INCONEL 625 POR SOLDADURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSE MATOS

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar y caracterizar el comportamiento mecánico en desgaste del acero API 5L X65, revestido con niobio en comparación al desempeño del revestimiento de la aleación de inconel 625 empleados en la industria de petróleo y gas. El revestimiento de niobio fue obtenido por el proceso de aspersión térmica a plasma de arco no transferido y el revestimiento inconel 625 por soldadura con electrodo revestido. La resistencia al desgaste por abrasión fue evaluada según la norma Petrobras N-2568, en un tribómetro CTER, la rugosidad y el volumen de material desgastado se determinó a través de perfilometría y la dureza de los revestimientos por microscopia Vickers. Los revestimientos obtenidos fueron caracterizados respecto a su morfología por microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB y microscopía óptica (MO. La mayor dureza del revestimiento con niobio obtenido puede haber contribuido a reducir la tasa de desgaste en comparación con el revestimiento de inconel 625.

  2. Thirty or sixty percent milk replacer reduction for calves: effects on alfalfa hay intake and digestibility, digestive kinetics and ruminal fermentation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Broesder, J T; Judkins, M B; Krysl, L J; Gunter, S A; Barton, R K

    1990-09-01

    Twelve artificially reared, male Holstein calves, ruminally cannulated at 53 d of age, were used in a split-plot design to study the effects of no milk replacer reduction (CON), or reduction by 30% (30R) or 60% (60R) of this value on alfalfa hay intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and digestive kinetics. Milk replacer reduction began at 53 d of age and continued until 135 d of age, after which no milk replacer was fed. All calves had ad libitum access to long-stemmed alfalfa hay from birth. Five collection periods were conducted at average calf ages of 72, 87, 108, 129 and 151 d. Reducing the amount of milk replacer fed resulted in a linear increase (P less than .05) in forage OM intake; however, total OM intake (forage + milk) was not different (P greater than .10) among milk reduction groups. Size of particles in feces exhibited quadratic effects in response to milk replacer reduction (P less than .05) but only in the small (less than 150 microns) size groupings. Ruminal pH and ammonia and individual VFA concentrations (except isobutyrate) were not altered by milk reduction (P greater than .10) but increased (P less than .01) with calf age. Milk replacer reduction had a quadratic effect (P less than .05) on fluid outflow rate from the rumen, increasing as milk replacer was reduced. Other fluid and particulate kinetic data, as well as NDF digestion rate and DM digestion showed no effects (P greater than .10) from milk replacer reduction but changed with calf age. Milk replacer reduction increased forage intake but had minimal effects on digestive variables evaluated, suggesting that intake of milk replacer by calves can be reduced by up to 60% without disturbing forage fermentation and passage.

  3. Identidad urbana y vegetación en Concepción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Lira Olmo

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Cuando pedimos a los niños, a la gente en sus vecindarios, que dibuje un entorno agradable, que dibuje su barrio tal como le gustaría o la mejor parte de su ciudad, hay imágenes simples que se reiteran: flores, árboles, casas y áreas verdes en un paisaje. Es como si la imagen del entorno deseado estuviera sintetizado en símbolos muy simples. De ellas destaca siempre el árbol. Y es que el árbol en todas las culturas ha tenido un significado trascendente, casi siempre relacionado con los mitos y la religión. Los mapuches los consideraban "antenas" hacia otros mundos por medio de los cuales podían hablar con poderes superiores. En Europa hay múltiples árboles de carácter sagrado o cargados de respeto por la tradición. Buda recibió su iluminación bajo un baniano.

  4. Desarrollo profesional docente en el discurso de los organismos internacionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor A. Monarca

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es presentar las concepciones y tendencias sobre el Desarrollo Profesional Docente (DPD de los discursos de los Organismos Internacionales (OI. La metodología empleada fue el análisis del discurso, para lo cual se han analizado 39 documentos editados por: UNESCO, OCDE, OEI y PREAL producido entre el año 2005 y 2012. El análisis se ha realizado a partir de 8 categorías siguiendo una lógica deductiva-inductiva-deductiva. Los resultados reflejan que, en términos generales, los discursos suelen estar caracterizados por abordar aspectos acotados del DPD. Como conclusión hay que destacar que el DPD, desde estos discursos, no ha logrado instalar una conceptualización realmente sistémica y dinámica de la temática. De la misma manera, hay que advertir sobre ciertas conceptualizaciones que empobrecen o debilitan la misma concepción de DPD.

  5. CARACTERÍSTICAS DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL SOFRIDA POR CRIANÇAS ASSISTIDAS POR UM PROGRAMA DE APOIO

    OpenAIRE

    KELLY LINHARES VASCONCELOS; ADRIANA GOMES NOGUEIRA FERREIRA; ELIANY NAZARÉ OLIVEIRA; DANIELLE D\\u2019ÁVILA SIQUEIRA; PATRÍCIA NEYVA DA COSTA PINHEIRO

    2010-01-01

    En Brasil, las estadísticas de la violencia sexual contra niños están lejos de reflejar la verdadera realidad actual debido a la baja notificación de los casos. La finalidad de este estudio fue caracterizar el abuso sexual sufrido por niños asistidos por el Programa Sentinela y el perfil del agresor, en Sobral-Ceará, en el periodo que va del 2002 al 2006. La muestra no probabilística intencional fue compuesta por 50 víctimas de abuso sexual y de las mismas, el 66% es del sexo femenino, con pr...

  6. Estudio del perfil actitudinal hacia el medio ambiente de la población limítrofe a las vías transpirenaicas de transporte por carretera en Catañuña y País Vasco-Proyecto Trans P4

    OpenAIRE

    Cacho Saldaña, Cristina

    2014-01-01

    Es innegable la estrecha relación que hay entre la sociedad y el medio ambiente y que para lograr una sociedad sostenible no sólo hay que tener sensibilidad con el medio ambiente, sino que hay que progresar hacia una ciudadanía ecológica donde los individuos sean parte activa en el cuidado del medio ambiente. El presente trabajo trata de hacer un análisis del perfil actitudinal de la población que sufre directamente los efectos perjudiciales de las principales vías transpirenaicas...

  7. Respuestas ante la confusión del consumidor por información ambigua: el caso de los cosméticos de una cadena de supermercados en España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José S. Clemente-Ricolfe

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio expuso y agrupó las reacciones de los consumidores ante la confusión generada por información ambigua para una marca de cosméticos de una cadena de supermercados. El método de recogida de la información fue la netnografía, usando para su análisis Componentes Principales Categóricos. Este trabajo supuso una aportación a la literatura sobre la confusión del consumidor porque la información se recogió a partir de comentarios on-line. La respuesta más citada fue la mala calidad percibida del producto. En relación al marco teórico, hay dos reacciones que no habían sido señaladas: las críticas a los medios de comunicación y la posible hostilidad de la competencia. La agrupación de las respuestas dadas se ha centrado fundamentalmente en dos aspectos: la imagen percibida de las empresas y la calidad de los productos.

  8. Abdome agudo por obstrução por ileobiliar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Cristina de Alencastro

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever a experiência na abordagem dos doentes com abdome agudo por obstrução por IB, desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento definitivo. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo incluindo todos os casos de IB tratados em um período de 23 anos. De acordo com a abordagem cirúrgica realizada, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (1 enterolitotomia com colecistectomia no segundo momento; e (2 enterolitotomia, colecistectomia e abordagem da fístula. RESULTADOS: Doze pacientes foram incluídos, sendo 11 mulheres (91,6%, com média de idade de 72,2 anos. Todos os pacientes apresentavam doenças associadas, principalmente hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75%. Dois pacientes não apresentavam sintomas significativos de obstrução intestinal. O diagnóstico de IB foi realizado em seis pacientes (50% antes da laparotomia. O grupo 1 foi constituído de oito pacientes e o grupo 2 de quatro, e a morbidade foi, respectivamente, 33,3% e 8,3%. A mortalidade foi 16,6% (um paciente de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: O manejo do IB deve ser individualizado. O tratamento da obstrução mediante remoção do cálculo biliar por enterotomia proximal é a escolha inicial para o tratamento do IB. A colecistectomia e a correção da fístula bilioentérica podem ser realizadas juntamente com a remoção do cálculo, no entanto, em pacientes com comorbidades significativas, esses procedimentos devem ser realizados posteriormente.

  9. Scanning ion microscopy with low energy lithium ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Twedt, Kevin A.; Chen, Lei; McClelland, Jabez J.

    2014-01-01

    Using an ion source based on photoionization of laser-cooled lithium atoms, we have developed a scanning ion microscope with probe sizes of a few tens of nanometers and beam energies from 500 eV to 5 keV. These beam energies are much lower than the typical operating energies of the helium ion microscope or gallium focused ion beam systems. We demonstrate how low energy can be advantageous in ion microscopy when detecting backscattered ions, due to a decreased interaction volume and the potential for surface sensitive composition analysis. As an example application that demonstrates these advantages, we non-destructively image the removal of a thin residual resist layer during plasma etching in a nano-imprint lithography process. - Highlights: • We use an ion source based on photoionization of laser-cooled lithium atoms. • The ion source makes possible a low energy (500 eV to 5 keV) scanning ion microscope. • Low energy is preferred for ion microscopy with backscattered ions. • We use the microscope to image a thin resist used in nano-imprint lithography

  10. Sequía de 1846-50 e hipótesis de cambio climático por deforestación en el sureste ibérico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gil Olcina, Antonio

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The particularly severe droughts suffered by the South-east Iberian Peninsula in 1841–42 and, moreover, in 1846–50, are among the worst ever recorded in this region. Consequently, a national competition was organised to select the best report on the cause of such phenomenon in the provinces of Murcia and Almeria, in order to eliminate its causes or, at the very least, reduce its effects. Thus, the Spanish Government recognised the possibility of a climate change brought about by deforestation.

    Las sequías de 1841–42 y, sobre todo, 1846–50 en el sureste ibérico, tan próximas y particularmente graves, entre las peores de que hay noticia histórica, movieron a la convocatoria de un certamen nacional para seleccionar la mejor memoria sobre las causas de este tipo de fenómenos en las provincias de Murcia y Almería; con la finalidad de eliminar su causas y, si no era posible, atenuar sus efectos. El Gobierno de España se hacía así eco de la posibilidad de un cambio climático por deforestación.

  11. REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A FOUCAULT: SU PERSPECTIVA DE SENTIDO COMÚN, DISCURSO Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL PODER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Manuel Ortiz Marín

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Foucault plantea que no hay una sola racionalidad desde la que sean pensables todas las dimensiones de la actual complejidad, por el contrario, la comprensión del presente abre el espacio al análisis histórico de las instituciones sociales y de sus procesos, por medio de dispositivos teórico-metodológicos desarrollados por el enfoque divergente del autor, que amplía la reflexión de los procesos de construcción, reconstrucción y modificación de las representaciones y las identidades sociales. Uno de los ejes de análisis es el sentido común, por ello surge la pregunta ¿cómo el sentido común ordena la palabra? y ¿qué hay de amenazante en las palabras de las personas? Aunado, el análisis del discurso saca a la luz el juego de su poder de afirmación de dominios de objetos. Otro eje es el poder, instrumento conceptual para entender, pensar y ordenar el mundo social, a los sujetos y a sus prácticas sociales y culturales. Poder, productor de conocimiento y realidad, que determina las vías por las cuales se construyen las verdades aceptadas en una época determinada. Foucault lo propone como un poder productor, creador de un régimen de verdad que desarrolla un pensamiento sistematizador y racional, lo mismo que creador de subjetividades.

  12. Ion microtomography using ion time-of-flight

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roberts, M.L.; Heikkinen, D.W.; Proctor, I.D.; Pontau, A.E.; Olona, G.T.; Felter, T.E.; Morse, D.H.; Hess, B.V.

    1992-01-01

    We have developed and are in the process of testing an ion time-of-flight (TOF) detector system for use in our ion microtomography measurements. Using TOF, ion energy is determined by measurement of the ion's flight time over a certain path length. For ion microtomography, the principle advantage of TOF analysis is that ion count rates of several hundred thousand counts per second can be achieved as compared to a limit of about ten thousand ions per second when using a solid-state silicon surface barrier detector and associated electronics. This greater than 10 fold increase in count rate correspondingly shortens sample analysis time or increases the amount of data that can be collected on a given sample. Details of the system and progress to date are described

  13. Ion implantation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dearnaley, Geoffrey

    1975-01-01

    First, ion implantation in semiconductors is discussed: ion penetration, annealing of damage, gettering, ion implanted semiconductor devices, equipement requirements for ion implantation. The importance of channeling for ion implantation is studied. Then, some applications of ion implantation in metals are presented: study of the corrosion of metals and alloys; influence or ion implantation on the surface-friction and wear properties of metals; hyperfine interactions in implanted metals

  14. Ion Beam Extraction by Discrete Ion Focusing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2010-01-01

    An apparatus (900) and methods are disclosed for ion beam extraction. In an implementation, the apparatus includes a plasma source (or plasma) (802) and an ion extractor (804). The plasma source is adapted to generate ions and the ion extractor is immersed in the plasma source to extract a fracti...

  15. Ion-conduction mechanisms in NaSICON-type membranes for energy storage and utilization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McDaniel, Anthony H. [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Ihlefeld, Jon F. [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Bartelt, Norman Charles [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM (United States)

    2015-10-01

    Next generation metal-ion conducting membranes are key to developing energy storage and utilization technologies like batteries and fuel ce lls. Sodium super-ionic conductors (aka NaSICON) are a class of compounds with AM 1 M 2 (PO 4 ) 3 stoichiometry where the choice of "A" and "M" cation varies widely. This report, which de scribes substitutional derivatives of NZP (NaZr 2 P 3 O 12 ), summarizes the accomplishments of a Laboratory D irected Research and Development (LDRD) project to analyze transport mec hanisms using a combination of in situ studies of structure, composition, and bonding, com bined with first principles theory and modeling. We developed an experimental platform and applied methods, such as synchrotron- based X-ray spectroscopies, to probe the electronic structure of compositionally well-controlled NaSICON films while in operation ( i.e ., conducting Na ions exposed to oxygen or water va por atmospheres). First principles theory and modeling were used to interpret the experimental observations and develop an enhanced understanding of atomistic processes that give rise to, and affect, ion conduction.

  16. Fluoride and metal ions removal from water by adsorption on nanostructured materials

    OpenAIRE

    Gràcia Lanas, Sara Isabel

    2017-01-01

    Bibliografia Actualmente la contaminación ambiental es un gran enemigo global, siendo uno de los problemas que afectan más al mundo. El presente trabajo se centra en la eliminación de contaminantes acuosos, como el fluoruro o distintos iones metálicos. Diversos materiales nanoestructurados han sido utilizados para la adsorción de los contaminantes de agua anteriormente mencionados. Estos materiales han sido elegidos por la elevada area superficial que ofrecen en un volumen muy pequeño, ren...

  17. Ion creation, ion focusing, ion/molecule reactions, ion separation, and ion detection in the open air in a small plastic device.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baird, Zane; Wei, Pu; Cooks, R Graham

    2015-02-07

    A method is presented in which ions are generated and manipulated in the ambient environment using polymeric electrodes produced with a consumer-grade 3D printer. The ability to focus, separate, react, and detect ions in the ambient environment is demonstrated and the data agree well with simulated ion behaviour.

  18. Uso das diretrizes para tratamento da úlcera por pressão por enfermeiros de um hospital geral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine Maria Leite Rangel

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou identificar a freqüência do uso das diretrizes para o tratamento da úlcera por pressão(UP por enfermeiros de um hospital geral no interior do estado de São Paulo. É transversal de caráterdescritivo com análise quantitativa de dados. Amostra de 25 enfermeiros. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se uminstrumento, construído a partir das diretrizes para o tratamento da UP. As questões foram relacionadas aostipos de intervenções usadas pelos enfermeiros para o tratamento da UP em estágio I, II, com necrose e comtecido de granulação. Para UP em estágio I, 24 (96% enfermeiros sempre realizavam a mudança de decúbito.Nas úlceras em estágio II a utilização de óleos vegetais na ferida era realizada sempre por 10 (40%enfermeiros e o curativo de hidrocolóide nunca era utilizado por 12 (57,1% enfermeiros. Em UP com necrose alimpeza com povidine era realizada por 4 (17,4% enfermeiros às vezes. Para o desbridamento, 16 (64% àsvezes utilizavam papaína e 15 (71,4% às vezes utilizavam colagenase. Em úlceras com tecido de granulaçãosempre era utilizado o soro fisiológico por 25 (100% enfermeiros. Houve variação nas práticas para otratamento da UP e falta de adesão às diretrizes.

  19. Mortalidad por causas externas en Medellín, 1999-2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doris Cardona Arango

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Caracterizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por causas externas en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, entre 1999-2006, según sexo, edad y causa básica de muerte fue el objetivo de este estudio descriptivo longitudinal, con fuente de información secundaria de 22 128 registros de defunción por causas externas. El análisis realizado es univariado y bivariado por sexo, grupos de edad y causa de muerte. Las causas externas registradas en el periodo fueron: 72.9 por ciento por homicidio; 15.3 por ciento, accidente de transporte; 7.3 por ciento, traumatismos; 4.2 por ciento, por suicidio, y por otras causas, 0.4 por ciento. La mayor tasa de mortalidad se presentó en el grupo de edad de 20 a 24 años (27.6 por cien mil habitantes, hecho que merece especial consideración por las implicaciones sociales, familiares y laborales que representa el fallecimiento de una persona en su etapa productiva.

  20. Visiones nórdicas de la guerra civil española

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Heiberg, Morten Rievers

    2014-01-01

    Existe una rica literatura escandinava sobre la Guerra Civil española escrita por voluntarios de las Brigadas Internacionales. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios científicos y los que hay tratan casi en su totalidad de temas marginales y su calidad no es siempre sobresaliente. El problema parece...