WorldWideScience

Sample records for investment inversion inteligente

  1. Intelligent investment; Inversion inteligente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2007-06-15

    In this presentation the company called Energia Renovable De Mexico SA de CV (ERDM), shows not only its obtained objectives but also its wanted objectives. This company is manufacturer and consultant of photovoltaic modules. In the first part, it is given a description of the following issues: the beginnings the company, the implemented marketing strategy, the signed agreement between ERDM and Q-CELLS AG in German, the construction of the San Andres Tuxtla's office as well as the PV module, the reasons why this company is considered a leader not only in Mexico but also in Latin America. Then, It is briefly explained the company's mission, which is mainly focused on the network-connected system that are currently allowed according to the Mexican laws. Besides, there are mentioned the key pieces that have made possible the success of this company. At the same time, there are briefly explained the plans for Mexico, in which there are found the use of both photovoltaic systems and wind turbines in order to feed the electric network. Such plans have as targets to reduce the energy cost in Mexico and to open the profitable market to potential investors. Finally, there are mentioned the future plans that are going to help the company's expansion and to improve some issues related to the energy. [Spanish] En esta presentacion la compania Energia Renovable De Mexico S.A. de C.V. (ERDM), describe tanto los objetivos alcanzados como los que desean alcanzar en el futuro, fungiendo no solo como fabricantes sino tambien como consultores de modulos fotovoltaicos. En la primera parte, se da una descripcion de: los inicios de la compania, las estrategias mercadologicas utilizadas, el acuerdo con Q-CELLS, Alemania; la construccion de la oficina de San Andres Tuxtla y del modulo PV, las causas que la han llevado a ser una empresa lider. Enseguida, se explica escuetamente la mision de la compania; ademas, se mencionan las piezas clave que la han llevado al exito. Asimismo, se explica brevemente los planes que se tienen para Mexico, entre los que se encuentran: el uso de alimentacion a la red con sistemas fotovoltaicos y turbinas de viento. Esto es con el fin de reducir el costo de la energia en esta region y de abrir el rentable mercado a inversionistas potenciales. Finalmente, se mencionan los planes a futuro que ayudaran a la expansion de la empresa y a la mejora de ciertas cuestiones relacionadas con la energia.

  2. Gerencia de organizaciones inteligentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Martínez Fajardo

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente articulo se analiza el concepto de gerencia de organizaciones inteligentes centrado en tres factores esenciales seleccionados por el autor y que enfocan la capacidad gerendal de las organizaciones hacia el autoaprendizaje y la innovación del conocimiento: Una estructura inteligente capaz de producir bienes, servicios y conocimientos con calidad y costos eficientes. Entorno ambivalente conectado a la estructura interna mediante procesos de realimentación que originan conocimiento nuevo. Un sistema de incentivos de aprendizaje y autoaprendizaje. Se analizan los tres factores señalados en relación con la calidad del sistema de educación institucional, la posibilidad de mejorar los sistemas de capacitación en las empresas y los sistemas de incentivos organizaciónales. Finalmente se establecen algunas recomendaciones para el mejoramiento de las políticas gubernamentales, el papel del sistema universitario y la acción de la gerencia de organizaciones inteligentes en función de la capacidad para producir conocimiento y llegar a ser más competitivos

  3. Camino al hogar inteligente

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira Gili, Marco

    2004-01-01

    En la actualidad ya se conocen numerosos proyectos de casas inteligentes como Casa Internet en Madrid [1] o su homónimo británico en Watford [2] , y más actual el proyecto Solar Decathlon [3]. Gracias a estas propuestas, el mercado de la domótica, poco a poco, se abre paso para llegar a ser lo que un día podríamos llegar a llamar, el “hogar” inteligente. Si bien es cierto que en los últimos años el crecimiento y avances tecnológicos han dotado a los edificios de nuevos sentidos, queda lejos...

  4. Cidades Inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Gouveia, Luís Borges

    2015-01-01

    Apresentação realizada na Universidade Lusófona, Porto, 14 de abril 2015 Cidades Inteligentes: a exploração do digital - A importância das cidades é crescente. - É nestes espaços que conflui muita da atividade humana e se joga a qualidade de vida dos territórios que estas representam e lideram, quer do ponto de vista económico, quer cultural e naturalmente político. - Os desafios e as oportunidades proporcionadas pelo digital exigem uma abordagem estruturada que as potencie as cid...

  5. Las comunicaciones móviles en los edificios inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Reyes Muñoz, María Angélica

    2011-01-01

    Este trabajo presenta una plataforma de red móvil aplicada a los entornos de edificios inteligentes. En primer lugar, los edificios inteligentes han sido definidos como “aquellos que utilizan la tecnología computacional para gestionar de manera autónoma todos los servicios que ofrece un entorno de un edificio tales como optimizar el confort del usuario, el consumo de energía y la seguridad” [Callaghan 00].Desde el punto de vista de las telecomunicaciones específicamente desde e...

  6. Músculos Inteligentes en Robots Biológicamente Inspirados: Modelado, Control y Actuación

    OpenAIRE

    Colorado Montaño, Julián; Barrientos Cruz, Antonio; Rossi, Claudio

    2011-01-01

    Resumen: Las aleaciones metálicas que exhiben una propiedad conocida como efecto de memoria de forma, pertenecen a la clase de materiales inteligentes cuya aplicación más notable en el campo de la robótica se refleja en el uso de actuadores musculares artificiales, ó músculos inteligentes. Estos materiales tienen una estructura cristalina uniforme que cambia radicalmente en función de su temperatura de transición, causando su deformación. Se les denomina materiales inteligentes por la capacid...

  7. Material Inteligente IPMC

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Calzada, Enrique

    2017-01-01

    En este trabajo de fin de master se presenta el estudio del arte y la creación de los materiales inteligentes IPMC (Ionic polymer–metal composites). En él se trata una visión general de estos materiales, sus fundamentos teóricos, ventajas y aplicaciones en el mundo actual. Este trabajo consta de una parte experimental para la creación de los IPMCs que fue realizada primeramente en los laboratorios de Arts et Metiers Paristech y una continuación en los laboratorios del grupo de investigación B...

  8. Toma de decisiones y aprendizaje en agentes artificiales inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Ferretti, Edgardo; Sosa Toranzo, Cecilia; Aguirre, Guillermo; Loyola, Juan Martín; Cagnina, Leticia; Errecalde, Marcelo Luis

    2016-01-01

    Este artículo describe, brevemente, las tareas de investigación y desarrollo que se están llevando a cabo en la línea de investigación “Toma de decisiones y aprendizaje automático” en el marco del proyecto “Aprendizaje automático y toma de decisiones en sistemas inteligentes para la Web”. Esta línea se centra en la formalización, diseño y desarrollo de modelos formales y mecanismos para la implementación de sistemas basados en Agentes Inteligentes. En particular, se hace especial hincapié en ...

  9. Control inteligente de sistemas e iluminación en edificios

    OpenAIRE

    Huamán Rojas, Jezzy James

    2017-01-01

    La tesis desarrolla un controlador adaptativo para el control inteligente de la iluminación en cualquier ambiente, esto considera edificios, casas, oficinas, entre otros. Se presentan dos opciones de controlador y, para considerarlo un sistema inteligente, este se adapta al usuario haciendo uso de la tecnología de aprendizaje automático y regulable. Redes neuronales artificiales y árboles de decisión se emplean para adecuar la iluminación sin dejar de cumplir las normas que se establecen por ...

  10. Implementação de Cidades Inteligentes em Países em Vias de Desenvolvimento - Estudo sobre o Papel da Tecnologia no Desenvolvimento de Serviços de Cidades Inteligentes em Maputo

    OpenAIRE

    Gil Barroca, Jean Paulo

    2015-01-01

    O estudo de Cidades Inteligentes centra-se frequentemente na aplicação de tecnologias de informação e comunicação para a melhoria dos serviços urbanos e para a resolução de problemas de sustentabili-dade das cidades. Desta visão algo redutora do tema, surge literatura que apenas explora a possibilidade de implementação de soluções e estratégias de Cidades Inteligentes em países cujo contexto facilite a aplicação e adopção dessas soluções. Aplicando a visão da Cidade Inteligente que resu...

  11. SISTEMA DE CONTROL INTELIGENTE PARA UN GRUPO DE ELEVADORES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Enrique Rosso Mateus

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se trata el problema del tráfico vertical en edificios de gran altura y se describe el análisis, diseño y evaluación de un sistema de control para un grupo elevadores que busca mejorar el desempeño respecto a un sistema de control tradicional. El controlador propuesto busca asignar de una forma inteligente las llamadas que se generan a los ascensores que hacen parte del grupo, el desempeño del sistema se traduce en una reducción de los tiempos de servicio y de la energía que invierte el sistema. El controlador propuesto está basado en lógica difusa y las reglas de inferencia expresan el conocimiento de un experto orientado hacia la obtención de los objetivos mencionados. El controlador inteligente se evalúa en un simulador gráfico desarrollado para este fin, este simulador permite ingresar parámetros de configuración para que se adapte y represente una edificación real. Se corrieron dos simulaciones, una usando un controlador convencional y otra usando el controlador inteligente, esto con el fin de comparar su desempeño y cuantificar valores como tiempo de esperar de los usuarios y energía consumida por el sistema.

  12. Un sistema de inteligencia interno para la organización inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stephanie Lorena Fallas Navarro

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo resume la investigación que se realizó en el marco del Trabajo de Graduación titulado "La Organización Inteligente: diseño de una propuesta para un Sistema de Inteligencia Interno"en Administración de Empresas con énfasis en Gestión Organizacional de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED. La propuesta presenta un marco metodológico para el desarrollo de un Sistema de Inteligencia Interno de aplicación práctica, para orientarse a una estructura de Organización Inteligente.

  13. Controlador Inteligente De Transporte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro J. Cabrera Sarmiento

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} En el presente trabajo se expone la concepción, desarrollo e implementación de un Controlador Inteligente de Transporte, el cual se encarga del control de una intersección semaforizada. La estructura hardware del controlador ha sido dividida en dos clases de tarjetas: las Tarjetas de Luces, encargadas de activar las señales para las indicaciones en una intersección (luces, sonido, etc. y la Tarjeta de Control, encargada del control de la intersección gobernando hasta cuatro tarjetas de luces con las cuales se comunica, así como de establecer comunicación con un nivel jerárquico superior. Ambas tarjetas han sido desarrolladas en base a microcontroladores de 8 bits de Microchip. El firmware de ambos tipos de tarjetas ha sido desarrollado y puesto a punto utilizando PIC C de CCS. El desarrollo de este controlador, de prestaciones superiores a los existentes actualmente en el país, permite su inserción en un Sistema Inteligente de Transporte (SIT que se encuentra en fase de desarrollo.

  14. Diseño y simulación de controladores inteligentes aplicados a procesos industriales

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez, Sergio L.; Tarifa, Enrique E.; Domínguez, Samuel Franco; Gutiérrez, Jorge J.; Azar, Miguel Augusto

    2015-01-01

    El presente proyecto tiene por objetivo general desarrollar sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales, enfocados principalmente a los sistemas de control inteligente. Estos sistemas son cada vez más necesarios debido a la complejidad creciente de los escenarios planteados por la globalización, la competencia, los avances tecnológicos, los problemas ambientales y sociales, entre otros. Concretamente, el Control Inteligente es un procedimiento computacional, capaz de...

  15. Red de senderos universitarios inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Ibarra-Berrocal, I.J.; Romero, J.; Pérez, J.

    2017-01-01

    Introducción: El Proyecto de red de senderos universitarios inteligentes UR se inspira en tres realidades, la red de senderos europeos ya existentes y su importancia en el fomento de la actividad deportiva y los hábitos saludables, la creciente importancia de la implantación, intercambio y difusión de políticas y planes de acción en materia de sostenibilidad ambiental en el ámbito universitario europeo, y por último, el uso y desarrollo de infraestructuras y aplicaciones, cada vez más impresc...

  16. BILROST: Interconexión de objetos inteligentes a través de redes sociales

    OpenAIRE

    Meana Llorián, Daniel

    2016-01-01

    En la actualidad, aunque la gente no sea consciente de ello, el mundo está repleto de objetos inteligentes con conexión a Internet como los teléfonos inteligentes o smartphones, las tabletas o tablets, los dispositivos wearables (pulseras, colgantes, relojes,...), microcontroladores como el Arduino, y otros muchos dispositivos. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos no están todos interconectados. Esa interconexión abriría una gran variedad de nuevas posibilidades derivadas del trabajo colaborativo ...

  17. Organizaciones inteligentes : Sustentabilidad de la Gestión Informática del Conocimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Tripodi, Gustavo; Illescas, Gustavo; Xodo, Daniel

    2008-01-01

    Para cambiar el rumbo de una organización y orientarla en el camino de una Organización Inteligente, que aprenda y trabaje sobre la mejora continua es imprescindible tener un plan de acción basado en transformar la cultura y revisar el estado en que se encuentra. Podemos definir tres estados posibles y consecutivos de la Organización con respecto al paradigma de Organización Inteligente: implantación, consolidación y sustentación. En este trabajo se abordará la implantación con propuestas ...

  18. El mercadeo social como herramienta gerencial en las organizaciones inteligentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucía Urdaneta

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito fundamental de este artículo fue analizar el mercadeo social como herramienta gerencial en las organizaciones inteligentes basándose en los criterios de Senge (2006, Benavides (2001, Siliceo (2001, Pérez (2004 entre otros. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo documental, orientado a estudiar la importancia de transformar las prácticas gerenciales actuales inmersas en un entorno competitivo lo cual ha conllevado a asumir innovadoras herramientas mercadológicas para aumentar su participación, posicionamiento, entre otros en el mercado y lograr el cumplimiento de todas las actividades necesarias en el logro de los objetivos de toda organización inteligente en apoyo a la consolidación del proyecto de vida empresarial.Palabras Clave: Mercadeo Social; Gerencia; Organizaciones Inteligentes. The social marketing like managerial tool in the inteligents organizationsAbstractThe fundamental purpose of this article is to analyze Social Marketing as a managerial tool in intelligent organizations, based on criteria developed by Senge (2006, Benavides (2001, Siliceo (2001, Perez (2004, among others. A descriptive study of documentary evidence was carried out to study the importance of transforming the current managerial practices in a competitive environment. This has brought about the creation of innovative marketing tools in order to increase market share and positioning, and therefore perform all the necessary activities that an intelligent organization requires to consolidate its entrepreneurial project.Keywords: Social Marketing; Management; Intelligent Organizations.

  19. Músculos Inteligentes en Robots Biológicamente Inspirados: Modelado, Control y Actuación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Colorado

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Las aleaciones metálicas que exhiben una propiedad conocida como efecto de memoria de forma, pertenecen a la clase de materiales inteligentes cuya aplicación más notable en el campo de la robótica se refleja en el uso de actuadores musculares artificiales, ó músculos inteligentes. Estos materiales tienen una estructura cristalina uniforme que cambia radicalmente en función de su temperatura de transición, causando su deformación. Se les denomina materiales inteligentes por la capacidad de recordar su configuración inicial después de recibir dicho estímulo térmico. Este artículo presenta la implementación de un actuador muscular inteligente aplicado en un micro-robot aéreo bio-inspirado tipo murciélago. Esto mamíferos voladores desarrollaron poderosos músculos que se extienden a lo largo de la estructura ósea de las alas, adquiriendo una asombrosa capacidad de maniobra gracias a la capacidad de cambiar la forma del ala durante el vuelo. Replicar este tipo de alas mórficas en un prototipo robótico requiere el análisis de nuevas tecnologías de actuación, abordando los problemas de modelado y control que garanticen la aplicabilidad de este actuador compuesto por fibras musculares de SMAs. Palabras clave: Aleación con Memoria de Forma (SMA, Robots bio-inspirados, Alas mórficas

  20. Solución de firma electrónica en movilidad basada en tarjeta inteligente

    OpenAIRE

    Almaraz Valdizàn, Javier

    2017-01-01

    RESUMEN: En la actualidad, la seguridad informática es uno de los campos más importantes. Ya que el crecimiento de los dispositivos inteligentes uso de estos por las personas físicas en actividades cotidianas tanto a nivel laboral como personal ha sufrido un elevado aumento en los últimos años. Cualquier persona a lo largo de un día utiliza varios dispositivos inteligentes. De aquí la importancia de la seguridad informática, con la cual se intenta que a ningún tipo de persona le sean violados...

  1. Training simulators for power plant operation based in multimedia, intelligent tutorials and virtual reality; Simuladores para entrenamiento en la operacion de centrales basados en multimedia, tutores inteligentes y realidad virtual

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rossano Roman, Miguel; Tavira Mondragon, Jose A.; Romero Jimenez, Guillermo; Buenabad Arias, Maria de los Angeles [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1997-12-31

    The possibility of utilizing simulators to support the fossil fuel power plants operation personnel training, is analyzed. These simulators can be based in multimedia, intelligent tutorials and virtual reality. The software and hardware advances of these technologies are analyzed and it is concluded that the simulators development for operators training supported in the fore mentioned technologies represents a new alternative for the instruction of personnel of this type of power stations that has to be analyzed and evaluated, since one of the disadvantages of this type of technologies is the equipment and software investment cost [Espanol] Se analiza la posibilidad de utilizar simuladores para ayudar al entrenamiento del personal en la operacion de centrales termoelectricas, dichos simuladores pueden estar basados en multimedia, tutores inteligentes y realidad virtual. Se describen los avances en software y hardware de estas tecnologias y se concluye en que el desarrollo de simuladores para el entrenamiento de operadores apoyados con las tecnologias antes mencionadas representa una nueva alternativa para la instruccion del personal de este tipo de centrales, que hay que analizar y evaluar, ya que una de las desventajas de este tipo de tecnologias es el costo de inversion en equipo y software

  2. Training simulators for power plant operation based in multimedia, intelligent tutorials and virtual reality; Simuladores para entrenamiento en la operacion de centrales basados en multimedia, tutores inteligentes y realidad virtual

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rossano Roman, Miguel; Tavira Mondragon, Jose A; Romero Jimenez, Guillermo; Buenabad Arias, Maria de los Angeles [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1998-12-31

    The possibility of utilizing simulators to support the fossil fuel power plants operation personnel training, is analyzed. These simulators can be based in multimedia, intelligent tutorials and virtual reality. The software and hardware advances of these technologies are analyzed and it is concluded that the simulators development for operators training supported in the fore mentioned technologies represents a new alternative for the instruction of personnel of this type of power stations that has to be analyzed and evaluated, since one of the disadvantages of this type of technologies is the equipment and software investment cost [Espanol] Se analiza la posibilidad de utilizar simuladores para ayudar al entrenamiento del personal en la operacion de centrales termoelectricas, dichos simuladores pueden estar basados en multimedia, tutores inteligentes y realidad virtual. Se describen los avances en software y hardware de estas tecnologias y se concluye en que el desarrollo de simuladores para el entrenamiento de operadores apoyados con las tecnologias antes mencionadas representa una nueva alternativa para la instruccion del personal de este tipo de centrales, que hay que analizar y evaluar, ya que una de las desventajas de este tipo de tecnologias es el costo de inversion en equipo y software

  3. Agente Virtual Inteligente Aplicado a un Entorno Educativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celia Gómez Róspide

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo presenta el desarrollo de un agente virtual inteligente o chatbot cuyo dominio de conocimiento se corresponde con el temario de una asignatura académica, con el objetivo de lograr su interacción con el alumno y resolver sus dudas sobre la materia, supo-niendo, así, un refuerzo en su proceso de aprendizaje.

  4. Agente Virtual Inteligente Aplicado a un Entorno Educativo

    OpenAIRE

    Celia Gómez Róspide; Cristina Puente Águeda

    2012-01-01

    El presente artículo presenta el desarrollo de un agente virtual inteligente o chatbot cuyo dominio de conocimiento se corresponde con el temario de una asignatura académica, con el objetivo de lograr su interacción con el alumno y resolver sus dudas sobre la materia, supo-niendo, así, un refuerzo en su proceso de aprendizaje.

  5. Modelos de desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Calvo Guerra, César

    2016-01-01

    RESUMEN: En este documento intentaremos entender un concepto moderno que ha sido definido bajo varias acepciones, puesto que es una idea de reciente nacimiento, que ya nos afecta en nuestro estilo y calidad de vida. Se trata de las Ciudades Inteligentes, las cuales se valen de la utilización intensiva de la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para alcanzar la eficiencia en las acciones destinadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de quienes habitan en ella. Las TICs, las cuales...

  6. Concepción lega de sabio, inteligente y listo en adolescentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro González-Leandro

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio ex post facto se estudian las semejanzas y diferencias semánticas y axiológicas que los adolescentes establecen entre las personas sabias, las inteligentes y las listas. Una muestra de 465 alumnos de Enseñanza Secundaria de Tenerife (Islas Canarias, España cumplimentó la Foundational Value Scale en tres ocasiones, una para cada término calificado. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales de cada expresión y comparaciones entre las medias de cada ítem. Los resultados muestran cierto solapamiento entre los tres términos y diferencias, tanto en volumen de notas atribuidas de manera consistente, como en las calificaciones dadas a los mismos ítems. Así, los adolescentes consideran que la apertura, la autoestima positiva y el buen juicio son características comunes a los tres tipos de personas (sabia, inteligente y lista, y que las personas sabias (caracterizadas, además, por tener armonía, empatía, cuidado del medio ambiente y espiritualidad son más parecidos a las inteligentes (caracterizadas por la inteligencia y la genialidad que a las personas listas (caracterizadas por el sentido del humor y la animación. Los resultados factoriales, distintos a los alcanzados por Jason et al., indican la existencia de fuertes componentes culturales en la manera de entender y valorar la sabiduría.

  7. Un prototipo de plataforma de ciudades inteligentes : Aplicación para la protección ciudadana en el departamento de Godoy Cruz

    OpenAIRE

    Iacono, Lucas; Pacini, Elina; Godoy, Pablo; García Garino, Carlos; Monge, David A.; Catania, Carlos

    2017-01-01

    Como objetivo general se propone implementar una plataforma de Ciudad Inteligente en el departamento de Godoy Cruz, Mendoza, destinada a la seguridad ciudadana. Se propone recolectar datos a través de la interconexión de redes de sensores inalámbricos (WSN), que serán utilizados para integrar la plataforma de Ciudad Inteligente. La integración de WSN y Cloud Computing da lugar a infraestructuras denominadas Cloud de Sensores, las cuales pueden aplicarse a ciudades inteligentes. En este ...

  8. SISTEMAS TUTORES INTELIGENTES COMO APOYO EN EL PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edwin Eduardo Millan Rojas

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este artículo es la identificación de las principales características de los tutores inteligentes, su origen y evolución los cuales pueden ofrecer elementos para la formulación de nuevos proyectos de investigación relacionados con la educación y el uso de los tutores. El método utilizado es el descriptivo y sistémico, los cuales permiten recopilar los datos necesarios, la información presentada ha sido adquirida de bases de datos especializadas como IEEE, Redalyc, ACM y Science Direct, además de artículos de revistas de universidades internacionales y de proyectos de investigación descargados de Google Académico. Los Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes surgieron al combinar técnicas de inteligencia artificial (IA con los métodos clásicos de enseñanza. Estos son sistemas de software que generan un ambiente idóneo para la interacción y satisfacción de las necesidades del estudiante, adaptable a los conocimientos previos y a la capacidad de evolución de cada alumno respecto a un área del conocimiento. El funcionamiento de los STI se basa en la relación entre tres principales módulos (tutor, estudiante y dominio, para presentar al usuario la información de manera estructurada. La investigación llevada a cabo permitió reunir los aspectos más relevantes de los Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes (STI y presentarlos como una herramienta óptima para llevar a cabo un proceso de aprendizaje.

  9. Smart microgrids in refineries, Mexico case; Microrredes inteligentes en refinerias, caso Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Estrada Garcia, Javier Alejandro; Linan Garcia, Roberto; Picasso Blanquel, Cuitlahuac; Silva Farias, Jose Luis [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

    2013-03-01

    In this paper we present the technological trends on smart microgrids for refineries, case Mexico. Distributed generation on refineries is a model of microgrid with great challenges to solve, considering renewable energy. Also it discusses the scenario in bidirectional connection from refineries to the utility supergrid Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE by its acronym in Spanish) and how to reach the development of a smart microgrid. We look different scenarios in power systems refineries, and the feasibility to achieve and develop the technology concepts in smart grid, such as: demand response in real time, exchange of energy between microgrid with supergrid-CFE and viceversa, energy efficiency, microgrid automation, selfhealing/real time autorecovery fault in power systems, storage energy and its application on power systems blackout in refineries. Finally we discussed the concepts that represent the greatest challenges to be solved on the smart microgrids and consider obtaining alternatives solution in medium or long term. [Spanish] En este documento se presentan las tendencias tecnologicas en micro redes inteligentes para refinerias, en el caso de Mexico. La generacion distribuida en refinerias es un modelo de micro red con grandes desafios por resolver, considerando la energia renovable. Se analiza tambien el escenario en conexion bidireccional de refinerias a la super red de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), la empresa electrica mexicana, y como lograr el desarrollo de una micro red inteligente. Se consideran diferentes escenarios en refinerias de sistemas de potencia, y la factibilidad de alcanzar y desarrollar los conceptos de tecnologia en una red inteligente, tales como: respuesta de demanda en tiempo real, intercambio de energia entre la micro red con la super red de la CFE y viceversa, eficiencia de energia, automatizacion de micro redes, autorrecuperacion de fallas en autoarreglo/tiempo real. En sistemas de potencia, almacenamiento de

  10. Arquitectura de Software de Referencia para Objetos Inteligentes en Internet de las Cosas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariel Alejandro Segura

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La evolución de los sistemas embebidos, que tuvo lugar junto al bajo costo y ubicuidad de internet, ha tenido como resultado el paradigma Internet de las Cosas. El objetivo de este paradigma es convertir los objetos que nos rodean en objetos inteligentes de forma tal que, comunicándose a través de Internet, puedan percibir lo que sucede en su entorno y poder reaccionar frente a ello. Se han llevado a cabo numerosos trabajos en materia de estandarización para este paradigma como, por ejemplo, protocolos de comunicación, topologías de red y arquitecturas software de alto nivel que consideran, por sobre todas las cosas, cómo integrar todas las piezas de una solución de Internet de las Cosas en un solo sistema. Sin embargo, no se han identificado arquitecturas de software para la construcción del software de un objeto inteligente que describa los componentes básicos que se deben incluir. En este trabajo se propone una arquitectura de referencia para la construcción de objetos inteligentes en Internet de las Cosas cuyo objetivo es que los ingenieros de software tengan una estructura en la cual basarse y poder reutilizar.

  11. Modelo de Comportamiento Afectivo para Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Pérez, María Y.

    2008-01-01

    Las emociones se han reconocido como parte fundamental de la motivación, y la motivación como un componente indispensable en el aprendizaje. En este documento se propone un modelo de comportamiento afectivo para sistemas tutores inteligentes. Dicho modelo combina el estado afectivo y pedagógico de los estudiantes para establecer las acciones tutoriales. En el contexto de este trabajo, el comportamiento afectivo tiene dos funciones principales: 1) inferir el estado afectivo del estudiante; y 2...

  12. Estudio de los Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte

    OpenAIRE

    Javato Martín, Moisés

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se estudia el estado actual de los Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS) en Estados Unidos y Europa, a través de ejemplos reales. En primer lugar, se da una visión general del tema, definiendo los aspectos y actores clave y explicando las áreas de la gestión del tráfico y del vehículo conectado. A continuación, se aborda el desarrollo de los sistemas ITS en el ámbito de la Unión Europea, explicando las principales instituciones y programas de financiación europeos, así com...

  13. Camino al hogar inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferreira Gili, Marco

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Today there are many projects related to intelligent houses such as Casa Internet, Madrid 2001 or its british equivalent in Watford, and most recently the Solar Decathlon´s project. Thanks to these proposals the domotic market gently opens to one day become what we could call as the intelligent “home”. Thought out the last few years, huge technological improvements have provided the buildings with brand new senses. However ,the idea of a comfortable home where the coffee maker would notice our awakening or the entrance door would suggest it’s closure after we leave, is still far away. A new path is opening in front of us, one that won’t end until all the necessary steps will be taken in the same direction, the merging of interfaces in the field of domotics.There are many domotic tendencies and possibilities discussed in this article, many options for one very same goal, control. Or even better, the capability of decision of tiny parts or hour home or office for a better and richer living experience.En la actualidad ya se conocen numerosos proyectos de casas inteligentes como Casa Internet en Madrid [1] o su homónimo británico en Watford [2] , y más actual el proyecto Solar Decathlon [3]. Gracias a estas propuestas, el mercado de la domótica, poco a poco, se abre paso para llegar a ser lo que un día podríamos llegar a llamar, el “hogar” inteligente. Si bien es cierto que en los últimos años el crecimiento y avances tecnológicos han dotado a los edificios de nuevos sentidos, queda lejos la visión de un confortable hogar donde la cafetera advierta nuestro despertar o la puerta de entrada sugiera su cierre tras nuestra marcha. Un camino por recorrer se abre ante nosotros, que no terminará hasta que todos los pasos se tomen en una misma dirección.Existen muchas tendencias y posibilidades domóticas que desgranaremos en este artículo. Múltiples opciones para un mismo fin. El control, o, mejor dicho, la

  14. CIUDADES INTELIGENTES COMO ESPACIOS DE INTEGRACIÓN PARA INDIVIDUOS CON CAPACIDADES DIVERSAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisenia Fernández O.

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Hoy en día las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC penetran en el entramado social y sobre él se configura la sociedad. Esta investigación describe el uso de las TIC en ciudades que distan desemejarse de la urbe tradicional gracias al empleo racional de las tecnologías que hacen los entornos más inteligentes, logrando cerrarlas brechas existentes entre sus usuario; generando el confort de aquellos cuyas capacidades son diversas en la diversidad o con capacidades disminuidas. Es decir, estas ciudades ponen a disposición de sus pobladores todos sus recursos tecnológicos disponibles y sus aportes al servicio de sus habitantes. La metodología utilizada para esta investigación fue de tipo exploratorio- descriptivo en la cual se intenta mostrar el uso de las tecnologías (TIC y la transformación del entorno, así como sus bondades en pro de la incorporación de los ciudadanos con capacidades diversas como ciudadanos de primera, a través de la construcción de espacios que aprovechan las aportaciones de las TIC para hacer del medio ambiente un espacio inteligente para la inclusión de los vulnerables cuyo fin último no es otro que el bienestar común. Se concluye que las denominadas ciudades inteligentes son hoy en día urbes que combinan la interconectividad de redes para la confortabilidad del ciudadano con capacidades diversas; éstas procuran el equilibrio, el desarrollo, la inclusión y el bienestar de los todos individuos con capacidades disímiles en la diversidad.

  15. A Cidade Inteligente: uma reterritorialização / Smart City: A reterritorialization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro José Ferreira Cury

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available As cidades inteligentes são formas de apropriação do espaço urbano baseadas na utilização de três inteligências – a humana, a coletiva e a artificial – e que implica em transformações territoriais. A pesquisa objetiva discutir a cidade inteligente como uma reterritorialização do espaço das cidades, pelo exame conceitual de território, territorialidade, desterritorialização e reterritorialização. A justificativa está calcada na busca contemporânea por soluções aos problemas sociais, econômicos e culturais que as cidades enfrentam. A problemática nos induz a responder se as cidades inteligentes, ao criarem soluções, redefinem as formas e funções do espaço e por si constituem uma reterritorialização. A metodologia empregou a pesquisa documental e empírica, com revisão conceitual de autores meritórios nos temas como Komninos (2008, Haesbaert (2004, Raffestin (1993 e Sack (1986. A pesquisa apresenta as respostas à problemática de que o processo de desenvolvimento urbano propagado pelas cidades inteligentes é capaz de redefinir o uso e as ocupações dos espaços locais, regionais e nacionais, ensejando transformação territorial e, dessarte, uma reterritorialização. Abstract Smart cities are forms of appropriation of urban space based on the use of three intelligences – human, collective and artificial – and that implies territorial transformations. The research aims to discuss the smart city as a reterritorialization of all urban space through the conceptual examination of territory, territoriality, deterritorialization and reterritorialization. The justification is grounded in the contemporary search for solutions to social, economic and cultural problems facing cities. The problem leads us to respond if smart cities by creating solutions redefine the forms and space functions and by itself is a reterritorialization. The methodology employed documentary and empirical research with conceptual review of

  16. NOTÍCIAS NO PULSO: Uma análise de aplicativos jornalísticos em relógios inteligentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maíra Evangelista de Sousa

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Descrever e analisar aplicativos jornalísticos disponíveis em relógios inteligentes é o objetivo deste artigo. O estudo foi realizado a partir da observação dos aplicativos BBC News e Le Monde, durante o mês de maio de 2016, em um smartwatch Moto 360. No texto, são trabalhadas noções de computação vestível, convergência jornalística, aplicativos jornalísticos e ubiquidade. A conclusão foi de que esses aplicativos favorecem o consumo ubíquo de notícias.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jornalismo Digital. Jornalismo Móvel. Aplicativos Jornalísticos. Computação Vestível. Relógios Inteligentes.   ABSTRACT To describe and analyze journalistic applications available on smartwatches is the purpose of this article. The study was conducted from the observation of the BBC News and Le Monde apps on May, 2016, using a Moto 360 smartwatch. The paper discusses the concepts of wearable computing, journalistic convergence, journalistic applications and ubiquity. The conclusion was that these applications favor the ubiquitous news consumption.  KEYWORDS: Digital Journalism. Mobile Journalism. Journalistic applications. Wearable Computation. Smartwatches.     RESUMEN Describir y analizar las aplicaciones periodísticas disponibles en los relojes inteligentes es el propósito de este artículo. El estudio se realizó a partir de la observación de las aplicaciones BBC News y Le Monde durante el mes de mayo de 2016, en un reloj inteligente Moto 360. En el texto, se trabajan los conceptos de computación de vestir, convergencia periodística, aplicaciones periodísticas y ubicuidad. La conclusión fue que estas aplicaciones favorecen el consumo ubicuo de noticias.  PALABRAS CLAVE: Periodismo Digital. Periodismo Móvil. Aplicaciones periodísticas. Computación de Vestir. Relojes inteligentes.

  17. LA CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL EN EL DESARROLLO DE EMPRESAS INTELIGENTES. FUNDAMENTOS: VALORES, COMUNICACIÓN Y LIDERAZGO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Gillezeau

    1999-07-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del estudio es establecer la presencia de valores compartidos, una comunicación humanizada, un liderazgo transformacional y el grado de satisfacción de clientes externos y proveedores en la cultura de empresas inteligentes. Para ellos, se utilizó la metodología cualitativo - interpretativo, método de medición cuando se involucra al ser humano. Del análisis realizado se concluyó que la cultura enraizada en valores, regula los factores expresivos, afectivos y de comportamiento en las organizaciones. Su comprensión y aplicación dependerá de una red comunicación humanizada, un liderazgo transformacional y un alto grado de satisfacción e involucramiento de clientes y proveedores. Elementos inteligentes.

  18. Intelligent buildings vs. bioclimatic design; Edificios inteligentes vs. diseno bioclimatico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aguayo Gonzalez, Ricardo [Tecnologico de Monterrey (Mexico)

    2006-10-15

    Present the form of intelligent buildings designing is the article purpose. Those kinds of edifications take advantage of climatic conditions which allow the users comfort and the efficient electric power use, avoiding the polluting agents. It also shows the four next following stages to design an intelligent building to know: the dry weather and relative dampness schedule variations during a year in the building location; the predominant winds direction, intensity and schedule frequency; the cloudiness, rain, etc and how to use the Givoni diagram to obtain the natural air-conditioning strategies and reach the thermal comfort. [Spanish] El proposito de este articulo es presentar la forma de disenar edificios Inteligentes, los cuales aprovechan las condiciones climaticas que permiten el confort de los usuarios y el uso eficiente de la energia electrica, evitando asi la emision de agentes contaminantes. Tambien menciona los siguientes cuatro pasos para el diseno de un edificio inteligente: conocer las variaciones horarias de temperatura seca y humedad relativa durante un ano en el lugar donde estara el edificio, saber la direccion, intensidad y frecuencia horaria de los vientos dominantes, tener conocimiento de la nubosidad, lluvia, etc. y utilizar el diagrama de Givoni para obtener las estrategias de climatizacion natural para obtener el confort termico.

  19. Implementación de técnicas de control distribuido, protocolo OSPF en redes inteligentes de energía

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Calles, José Manuel

    2013-01-01

    El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado titulado Implementación de técnicas de control distribuido, protocolo OSPF en redes inteligentes de energía, profundiza en la reconfiguración de los enlaces de las subestaciones secundarias en una red de distribución eléctrica inteligente, mediante la implementación de un protocolo robusto, sencillo y fiable, como el protocolo de enrutamiento OSPF. De esta forma, los Agentes virtuales podrán modificar dinámicamente el mapa de conexiones sin la intervención de ...

  20. Sistema Inteligente de Detección y Orientación de usuarios en Bibliotecas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castaño, Bonifacio

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Since the late nineties, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID manages library catalogs, loans, returns and security. RFID, with a moderate investment, improve the capabilities of both, librarian and user. This paper presents a new use for RFID to determine where a book is located and the shortest route to it in libraries with multiple levels and rooms. An application named SIGUEME (Sistema Inteligente de GUiado para Entornos Multiusuario Extensos; Intelligent System to Guide for Multiuser Extensive Environments was implemented experimentally in the Meco’s public library (Madrid. The system allows people detection and customized guiding in the building thanks to different screen placed in strategic points. We have developed a wireless communications system based on Zigbee technology that eliminates the need of wires.

    Los dispositivos de identificación por radiofrecuencia (Radio Frequency IDentification, en adelante RFID son usados desde finales de los años noventa en el entorno de bibliotecas para la gestión del inventario, control de catálogos, seguridad, préstamo y devolución. Durante este tiempo han demostrado ser un componente que, con una inversión moderada, mejora multitud de capacidades tanto para el bibliotecario como para el usuario. En este artículo se expone una nueva funcionalidad con RFID para bibliotecas que ha sido implantada de forma experimental en la Biblioteca Municipal de Meco (Madrid. Su objetivo es abordar un problema común que sufren los usuarios en bibliotecas con diferentes alturas y múltiples espacios: la correcta localización de los libros y la orientación por el edificio. Para solventar este problema se ha desarrollado una aplicación bautizada como SIGUEME (Sistema Inteligente de GUiado para Entornos Multiusuario Extensos. El sistema permite la detección de las personas por el edificio y el guiado personalizado por el mismo gracias a la visualización de la información en pantallas. Para evitar

  1. Sistema de iluminación inteligente inalámbrico

    OpenAIRE

    Nicolás Jaro, Jesús

    2014-01-01

    Este proyecto crea un sistema de iluminación inteligente compuesto por múltiples dispositivos que, de forma inalámbrica, se sincronizan entre si, para encenderse, apagarse y cambiar el color de la luz ambiente. El sistema se ha diseñado para conectar hasta 8 dispositivos basados en el sistema embebido LPC1769 y S.O. FreeRTOS, integrando un sensor acelerómetro, varios leds de distinto color y un módulo WiFly RN-XV que los interconecta de forma inalámbrica. Aquest projecte crea un sistema d'...

  2. Sistema de enseñanza/aprendizaje inteligente para grafos

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez, Natalia; Ferreira, Gheisa; García, Zoila Zenaida

    2007-01-01

    La teoría de grafos es un tema de estudio de la Matemática Discreta que por su importancia está presente en asignaturas de la carrera Ciencia de la Computación. Dificultades presentadas con respecto a su aprendizaje, han conducido al diseño e implementación de un Sistema de Enseñanza/Aprendizaje Inteligente (SEAI) que aborde esta temática. Los SEAI se caracterizan por aplicar técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) al desarrollo de sistemas de enseñanza asistida por computadoras, donde el té...

  3. AMBIENTE INTELIGENTE DISTRIBUIDO DE APRENDIZAJE: INTEGRACIÓN DE ITS Y CSCL POR MEDIO DE AGENTES PEDAGÓGICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Demetrio Arturo Ovalle

    Full Text Available En este artículo se describe inicialmente el marco teórico de referencia enmarcado en los Ambientes Inteligentes Distribuidos de Aprendizaje (DILE, Sistemas Tutoriales Inteligentes (ITS, Ambientes Colaborativos de Aprendizaje Apoyados en Computador (CSCL y Sistemas Multiagente (MAS Pedagógicos; para luego presentar el Ambiente Multiagente de Enseñanza/Aprendizaje ALLEGRO. Además de integrar las anteriores áreas de investigación de la Inteligencia Artificial Distribuida (DAI, ALLEGRO fundamenta su paradigma instruccional en tres modelos pedagógicos: el conductismo, el cognitivismo (cognición distribuida y aprendizaje basado en problemas y la teoría histórico-social. La validación fue realizada con diversos casos de estudio en el dominio de gráfica digital para cursos de postgrado en arquitectura.

  4. Cidade inteligente Búzios : entre paradigmas e percepções

    OpenAIRE

    Freitas, João Alcantara de

    2014-01-01

    A partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, com o avanço da informática, passou-se a integrar Tecnologia da Informação (TI) em vários processos de gestão das cidades. A partir desta integração, nasce o conceito genérico de Smart City, traduzido – não literalmente – para o português como Cidade inteligente. O conceito está sendo disseminado rapidamente, mas destaca-se que não há consenso em sua definição, o que faz com que os projetos desta natureza sejam bastante heterog...

  5. Tecnologia da informação e comunicação para recarga inteligente

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Montes Portela, C.; Geldtmeijer, D.A.M.; Slootweg, J.G.; van Eekelen, Marko

    2014-01-01

    Este artigo apresenta uma arquitetura de tecnologia da informação e comunicação flexível, com privacidade de dados, para o carregamento inteligente de veículos elétricos, implementada para demonstração pelo operador do sistema de distribuição holandês. Seu objetivo é incorporar infraestruturas

  6. Polímeros inteligentes. Informe de vigilancia tecnológica

    OpenAIRE

    Cano Serrano, Encarnación; Urbina Fraile, Marina

    2008-01-01

    Este informe de Vigilancia Tecnológica ha sido cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER y se ha realizado dentro del marco del Contrato Programa suscrito entre la Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación de la Comunidad de Madrid y la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, con la colaboración del Parque Científico de Leganés que gestiona el Círculo de Innovación en Materiales, Tecnología Aeroespacial y Nanotecnología. Los sistemas poliméricos inteligentes o polímeros sensibles al estímulo son...

  7. Ciudad Inteligente (Smart City), Gandía. Propuestas para un plan de actuación en el sector turístico

    OpenAIRE

    AVELLANA DOMENECH, EVA

    2015-01-01

    El concepto de ciudad inteligente todavía no es muy conocido, nació en la década de los 90, pero hoy en día acoge más importancia gracias a los rápidos avances tecnológicos. Mediante este estudio exploratorio se pretende avanzar un paso más hacia lo que supone convertir la ciudad de Gandía en una ciudad inteligente o, como es más conocido, en smart city dentro del sector turístico. Después de haber estudiado a fondo el concepto, la situación turística actual de Gandía, las v...

  8. Inverse Statistics and Asset Allocation Efficiency

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bolgorian, Meysam

    In this paper using inverse statistics analysis, the effect of investment horizon on the efficiency of portfolio selection is examined. Inverse statistics analysis is a general tool also known as probability distribution of exit time that is used for detecting the distribution of the time in which a stochastic process exits from a zone. This analysis was used in Refs. 1 and 2 for studying the financial returns time series. This distribution provides an optimal investment horizon which determines the most likely horizon for gaining a specific return. Using samples of stocks from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) as an emerging market and S&P 500 as a developed market, effect of optimal investment horizon in asset allocation is assessed. It is found that taking into account the optimal investment horizon in TSE leads to more efficiency for large size portfolios while for stocks selected from S&P 500, regardless of portfolio size, this strategy does not only not produce more efficient portfolios, but also longer investment horizons provides more efficiency.

  9. Sistema inteligente para evaluación de programas tutores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Daicy Alvarado

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available El mecanismo evaluador que se presenta a continuación forma parte de un proyecto que busca el desarrollo de un Sistema de enseñanza asistida por ordenador (EAO basado en tutores inteligentes. Se pretende que este mecanismo, basado en herramientas de «aprendizaje automático», tenga la capacidad para capturar una «imagen» que indique el grado de comprensión de la materia por parte del alumno e identifique los aspectos en los que el estudiante tiene dificultades. Con esa información se retroalimentará a un sistema tutor de manera que este último tome una decisión acerca de la estrategia educativa por seguir.

  10. Propuesta de cambio para el desarrollo de una organización inteligente verde de TI Bancaria, basada en redes inteligentes ecológicas, banca móvil y ética organizacional para la Banca Universal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. Fernández Bravo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación presenta una propuesta de cambio para el desarrollo de una organización inteligente verde de TI Bancaria, basada en redes inteligentes ecológicas, banca móvil y ética organizacional para la Banca Universal. La metodología es de tipo exploratoria y a su vez descriptiva. Se concluye que la Banca Universal debe asegurar la participación activa del sector financiero con los gobiernos y las organizaciones no gubernamentales para desarrollar y perfeccionar las leyes y los estándares ambientales tanto en leyes nacionales como en acuerdos internacionales. Así mismo, promover el desarrollo de iniciativas voluntarias que incluyan aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos del desarrollo sostenible y que tengan por objetivo fundamental mejorar la calidad de vida. Se plantean lineamientos estratégicos que enfatizan la necesidad de una adecuada gestión de tecnología de información y comunicación, para integrar a las estrategias ecológicas, sustentadas en ética y herramientas verdes que proporcionen vida a la humanidad

  11. LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL BAJO EL ENFOQUE DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTELIGENTES EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime José Gil Domínguez

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo se centra en develar a través de una investigación documental, los fundamentos teóricos en los que se sustenta el enfoque de las Organizaciones Inteligentes. Se inicia con una descripción del entorno en el que están inmersas las organizaciones hoy en día, en la llamada era de la sociedad de la información. Luego, se presentan los principios y estructuras conceptuales que sirven de base a este enfoque. Finalmente, destaca su confluencia sobre otras filosofías y modelos de gestión empresarial, buscando una aproximación en como ésta puede concebirse en el modelo de una Organización Inteligente. La construcción de este marco teórico, pretende propiciar discusiones que gener

  12. Optimización de la Estimación de DOA en Sistemas de Antenas Inteligentes usando criterios de Redes Neuronales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Serguei Guerra Fernández

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available La estimación DOA es uno de los principales problemas a resolver en las comunicaciones modernas. En el presente trabajo, se realiza un acercamiento a los sistemas de Antenas Inteligentes y los elementos teóricos referidos a la estimación de DOA, ecuaciones y modelos. Se estudian los métodos clásicos de estimación y las nuevas técnicas basadas en Redes Neuronales. Se traza una metodología para la obtención de resultados, a partir de parámetros medibles, en cada uno de los algoritmos de estimación sometidos a comparación. Finalmente, se analizan los resultados y se propone utilizar técnicas basadas en Redes Neuronales a fin de mejorar la estimación de DOA en Antenas Inteligentes.

  13. Desarrollo de un agente inteligente para Internet utilizando algoritmos genéticos y lógica difusa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María José M Bautista

    1996-02-01

    Full Text Available Cuando un usuario está buscando información en Internet, recupera una gran cantidad de documentos. en este trabajo, se presenta un agente inteligente para recuperación de información que filtra los documentos recuperados y los ordena para mostrar al usuario sólo los que mejor se adaptan a sus prefernecias...

  14. ForestTime: una aplicación móvil para el estudio de tiempos de trabajo de maquinaria forestal a través de teléfonos inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Acuña, Eduardo; Mena, Pablo; Torres, Claudio; Cancino, Jorge

    2013-01-01

    Los teléfonos inteligentes y tabletas de hoy ofrecen capacidades de cómputo y almacenamiento atractivos, los cuales permiten una gran variedad de aplicaciones móviles con una gran funcionalidad. La integración de nuevas interfaces abre oportunidades para las nuevas aplicaciones. Estas aplicaciones requieren almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos en los teléfonos inteligentes. En este artículo se presenta el diseño e implementación de una aplicación, que tiene por finalidad llevar el registro...

  15. Vestuário inteligente e o interface no tratamento da obesidade infantil

    OpenAIRE

    Dias, André José Santos

    2011-01-01

    O tema apresentado “Vestuário inteligente e o interface no tratamento da Obesidade infantil” contém um estudo sobre o aumento da obesidade na faixa etária dos 9 aos 14 anos de idade, aliado ao desenvolvimento de um produto na área de design de moda. Esta pesquisa é de grande importância, porque actualmente este problema de saúde tem apresentado um elevado número de crianças com excesso de peso. Este aumento deve-se a vários motivos dos quais podemos destacar os factores socioculturais, gen...

  16. Polímeros Inteligentes y Aplicaciones. Informe de vigilancia tecnológica

    OpenAIRE

    Cano Serrano, Encarnación; Urbina Fraile, Marina

    2009-01-01

    Este informe de Vigilancia Tecnológica ha sido cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER y se ha realizado dentro del marco del Contrato Programa suscrito entre la Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación de la Comunidad de Madrid y la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, con la colaboración del Parque Científico de Leganés que gestiona el Círculo de Innovación en Materiales, Tecnología Aeroespacial y Nanotecnología. El campo de los materiales inteligentes es amplio y variado, no sólo respecto ...

  17. Arquitectura de Software de Referencia para Objetos Inteligentes en Internet de las Cosas

    OpenAIRE

    Ariel Alejandro Segura

    2016-01-01

    La evolución de los sistemas embebidos, que tuvo lugar junto al bajo costo y ubicuidad de internet, ha tenido como resultado el paradigma Internet de las Cosas. El objetivo de este paradigma es convertir los objetos que nos rodean en objetos inteligentes de forma tal que, comunicándose a través de Internet, puedan percibir lo que sucede en su entorno y poder reaccionar frente a ello. Se han llevado a cabo numerosos trabajos en materia de estandarización para este paradigma como, por ejemplo, ...

  18. Transporte frigorífico internacional de fruta: intermodalidad y sistemas de transporte inteligente

    OpenAIRE

    Barreiro Elorza, Pilar; Robla Villalba, José Ignacio

    2004-01-01

    n el año 2001 la UE presentó el Libro Blanco del Transporte en el que se plantea la necesidad acuciante de fomentar los medios de transporte alternativos al transporte por carretera: transporte marítimo, ferroviario y fluvial, especialmente de cara a la ampliación europea. En este artículo se revisan los conceptos de Intermodalidad y Sistemas de Transporte Inteligentes tal y como los define la UE. Se presentan también los resultados de un seguimiento de transporte marítimo intercontinental ll...

  19. Algoritmos evolutivos aplicados al diseño inteligente de parques eólicos

    OpenAIRE

    Bilbao, Martín; Alba, Enrique

    2011-01-01

    En este documento se muestran dos tipos de algoritmos metaheurísticos aplicados al diseño inteligente de un parque eólico, la idea básica es utilizar CHC y algoritmos genéticos para obtener una buena configuración de molinos dentro del parque de tal manera que maximicen la energía total producida y minimicen la cantidad de molinos utilizados. En este trabajo analizaremos dos casos de estudios con una distribución real de vientos de la patagonia argentina, un terreno irregular con restriccione...

  20. Diseño de un sistema tutorial inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa María Rodríguez Aguilar

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Los problemas de aprendizaje en la matemática a nivel licenciatura se reflejan en el bajo rendimiento escolar o, en el peor de los casos, en el truncamiento de una carrera, por no acreditar asignaturas relacionadas con ésta. Un alto porcentaje de alumnos no cumplen con los requerimientos mínimos en su aprendizaje y, conforme aumentan su complejidad, ocurre su rezago e incremento del índice de reprobación, lo que ocasiona en el alumnado angustia y frustración. La investigación se desarrolla en la Unidad Académica Profesional Nezahualcóyotl (UAP-Nezahualcóyotl de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM, con el objetivo de identificar los problemas en el aprendizaje de la matemática en los alumnos de nivel licenciatura y obtener, así, el modelo del sistema tutorial inteligente en matemáticas con la implementación de los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje.

  1. A la caza de las patentes : inteligencia competitiva a través de agentes inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Usero, José Angel; Sanz-Martos, Sandra

    2000-01-01

    Se destaca la importancia de las recursos de información para el éxito de cualquier actividad innovadora. Se analizan los posibles usos tecnológicos de la información contenida en las patentes y se identifican los diferentes componentes necesarios para la oferta de servicios de vigilancia tecnológica y comercial. Se concluye destacando la variedad de ventajas que los agentes inteligentes ofrecen para el suministro de servicios de vigilancia tecnológica.

  2. ¿Cómo se gobiernan las ciudades? Ciudades inteligentes. Casos comparados: Shangái, Iskandar, ciudades en Japón, Nueva York, Ámsterdam, Málaga, Santander y Tarragona

    OpenAIRE

    Gil, Olga; Navío, Julio; Pérez de Heredia, Maider

    2015-01-01

    El libro que tiene en sus manos forma parte de los proyectos de estudios aplicados sobre ciudades inteligentes en marcha desde 2013. El objetivo del trabajo es ofrecer una reflexión de conjunto sobre qué es una ciudad inteligente. Este objetivo está ligado a comprender mejor el futuro del sector público-privado a nivel local. También está ligado a comprender mejor el futuro del sector público privado en el entorno regional, nacional y global desde lo local. Los trabajos sobre ciudades inte...

  3. Factores Clave en la Gestión de Tecnología de Información para Sistemas de Gobierno Inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gina Paola Maestre G.

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available La dinámica actual de las ciudades establece nuevos retos para los sistemas de gobernanza pública. Un reto importante para los gobiernos es diseñar e implementar novedosas estrategias de interacción y comunicación con los ciudadanos, a través de las tecnologías, con el fin de lograr un mejoramiento en la prestación de servicios sostenible, eficaz y eficiente garantizando la integridad y la construcción de confianza para mejorar la relación de los ciudadanos con el estado y la implementación de iniciativas de gobierno inteligente es una de las estrategias validas en este contexto. Este artículo identifica, presenta y analiza los factores claves para la gestión de Tecnología Informática (TI teniendo en cuenta los desafíos y retos actuales que afrontan los territorios al momento de trazar metas hacía una gobernanza inteligente.

  4. REDES DE COMUNICACIÓN Y AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA - UN PASO HACIA LA TECNOLOGÍA DE LAS REDES INTELIGENTES SMART GRIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernán Arturo Santana

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Con la continua aceptación en el sector eléctrico del estándar para las redes de comunicación y automatización de sistemas de potencia IEC 61850, es importante contar con un conocimiento básico, de porque es catalogado con el eslabón apropiado para la estandarización de la comunicación en los sistemas de potencia eléctrica, revisándolo desde su objetivos de creación, hasta los beneficios que aporta para poder contar en un futuro con redes inteligentes “Smart Grid”, igualmente describiendo cuales son los requerimientos funcionales con que debe contar una subestación eléctrica en el área de las telecomunicaciones para que pueda aportar a una red inteligente.

  5. La respuesta didáctica a la diversidad con agentes de software inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Bautista Vallejo, José Manuel; Aguaded Gómez, María Cinta

    2007-01-01

    Este artículo recoge las contribuciones dentro del ámbito de la tiflotecnología que el estudio de los Agentes de Software Inteligentes aporta en el terreno de la atención educativa a la diversidad conocida comúnmente como atención a la diversidad. El objetivo es abrir un poco más el campo de la tecnología y su juego en el futuro prometedor de la cognición asistida en individuos con problemas índole psicobiológica. Se destacan aportaciones como las de Kautz (2002), en donde la inteligencia art...

  6. Implementación de un sistema de seguridad en medidores inteligentes (Smart Grids)

    OpenAIRE

    Camargo B., Carlos; Sáenz, Javier; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Rosas, Nelson Felipe; Universidad de San Buenaventura, Bogotá

    2014-01-01

    La Integración de la red eléctrica y las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) es el futuro de la energía, el mundo moderno no puede ser concebido sin electricidad y la infraestructura actual está mal adaptada a las necesidades actuales, cada día la demanda de energía es mayor y el medio ambiente sufre debido a la generación de CO2, necesitamos una red inteligente con mejor administración de la energía; implementando estas tecnologías se esperan reducir significativamente l...

  7. De Instituciones a Organizaciones Educativas Inteligentes. A Propósito del Libro Calidad de la Educación y Organizaciones Escolares Inteligentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Vásquez De la Hoz

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available En el libro reseñado aquí, Rodolfo Posada Álvarez plantea una serie de ideas de crucial importancia para el sistema educativo de nuestra región Caribe colombiana. Aborda, así, las condiciones de la calidad educativa tomando como referentes las estadísticas proporcionadas por algunas entidades nacionales e internacionales, pero también fundamentándose en los resultados de sus propias investigaciones, en las que indagó sobre las percepciones que tienen las comunidades educativas de distintas partes de la Región sobre la calidad de la educación, diseñando y aplicando luego una compleja matriz de autoevaluación que denominó Sistema de Indicadores de Calidad para Organizaciones Escolares Inteligentes (SICOEI, como una posible alternativa de solución a las precarias condiciones de calidad educativa que hoy por hoy la caracterizan.

  8. Smart cities, movilidad inteligente y protección de los datos personales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Mantelero

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, el autor afronta las cuestiones relativas a la protección de datos en el contexto de amplios proyectos de movilidad territorial. En la primera parte, se describen brevemente los sistemas de movilidad inteligente y los problemas que de ellos se derivan, con especial atención a su incidencia sobre la dimensión individual y colectiva de la protección de datos. La segunda parte del artículo analiza
    cómo se han afrontado estos aspectos en Italia, en el ámbito de un proyecto piloto concreto que ha involucrado a entes de transporte, gobiernos locales y a la academia.

  9. Modelo de evaluación del conocimiento en un Sistema Tutorial Inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Huapaya, Constanza

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo propone modificaciones de los modelos del instructor y del estudiante de un Sistema Tutorial Inteligente a fin de incorporar un nuevo método evaluativo del progreso del estudiante. Para tal fin, se integra un modelo basado en la distancia semántica (método DistSem para mejorar el entendimiento del sistema computacional, sobre los logros del estudiante de ingeniería de los primeros años. El docente puede interactuar con el sistema computacional a fin de proponer pruebas de evaluación y visualizar resultados de exámenes diagnósticos, formativos o acumulativos tanto de grupos de estudiantes o de estudiantes en forma individual.

  10. Filosofía del aula inteligente del S. XXI: críticas urgentes y necesarias

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez-Bayón, Antonio

    2015-01-01

    Este estudio trata el aula inteligente (especialmente, el modelo SEK), evaluándose sus fundamentos filosóficos y educativos, además de profundizar en sus principales problemas y retos actuales, con el tránsito al nuevo estadio de la globalización (globalización 2.0). Se diagnostican los fallos coyunturales y paradigmáticos (desmontándose inferencias, imposturas y falacias), y se pronostica acerca de los riesgos de no tomar medidas correctoras. Se presta especial atención al rie...

  11. Los agentes de software inteligentes y la respuesta didáctica a la diversidad

    OpenAIRE

    José Manuel Bautista Vallejo

    2007-01-01

    Resumen: Este artículo recoge las contribuciones dentro del ámbito de la tiflotecnología que el estudio de los Agentes de Software Inteligentes aporta en el terreno de la atención educativa a la diversidad conocida comúnmente como atención a la diversidad. El objetivo es abrir un poco más el campo de la tecnología y su juego en el futuro prometedor de la cognición asistida en individuos con problemas índole psicobiológica. Se destacan aportaciones como las de Kautz, en donde la inteligencia a...

  12. Los Agentes de Software Inteligentes y la respuesta didáctica a la diversidad

    OpenAIRE

    Bautista Vallejo, José Manuel

    2007-01-01

    Este artículo recoge las contribuciones dentro del ámbito de la tiflotecnología que el estudio de los Agentes de Software Inteligentes aporta en el terreno de la atención educativa a la diversidad conocida comúnmente como atención a la diversidad. El objetivo es abrir un poco más el campo de la tecnología y su juego en el futuro prometedor de la cognición asistida en individuos con problemas índole psicobiológica. Se destacan aportaciones como las de Kautz, en donde la inteligencia artificial...

  13. UN-SEEGSI: un sistema inteligente de informacion gerencial con aprendizaje dual: hombre-maquina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Pérez Gama

    1993-07-01

    Full Text Available Ha llegado a su madurez la V Generación y con ello sus expresiones: la inteligencia artificial (1-2, los sistemas con el apoyo de conocimientos (3 y la ingeniería de software (4. En Colombia poca acogida parece tener. Es que los conocimientos constituyen un salto paradigmático hacia un nuevo orden mundial: el paso de la Sociedad de la Información a la Sociedad del Conocimiento. No es difícil de colegir la implicación de nuevas generaciones de sistemas de información y aunque la inmensa mayoría de gerentes no quieren saber de nuevos lenguajes ni reprogramaciones, aquí describiremos cómo es posible desarrollar e implementar un sistema inteligente de información gerencia. El concepto de "inteligente" se refiere a la viabilidad de tener un determinado grado de autonomía decisional, un evidente mejor desempeño, una capacidad real de adaptarse a las condiciones particulares de un usuario, el reconocer y generar un plan de trabajo al ejecutivo y en especial por el soporte a las decisiones, lo cual no significa la posibilidad de "reemplazar" al ejecutivo en esta labor, sino por el contrario constituirse en un sistema asistente del ejecutivo. Una innovación en esta arquitectura la constituye la tutoría experta en línea, que constituye un espacio para posibilitar el "entrenamiento gerencial" in situ y además la incorporación de técnicas de aprendizaje maquinal que funcionen en la práctica. Lo anterior significa que UN-SEEGSI pretende ser un ambiente de aprendizaje dual: donde se debe dar un aprendizaje vivencial por parte del usuario y donde debe aprender la máquina en forma subrepticia.

  14. Destino Turístico Inteligente: Acessibilidade no Centro Histórico de São Luís – Maranhão, um estudo sobre a Reputação Online no TripAdvisor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saulo Ribeiro dos Santos

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Um destino turístico inteligente é resultado de diversos fatores, dentre eles as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC’s que promove um território inovador, de cooperação e cocriação, principalmente por parte do turista. Entendendo este aspecto, a acessibilidade é uma das categorias presentes em um destino turístico inteligente, tanto no âmbito físico quanto virtual. Percebendo as limitações encontradas na cidade patrimônio cultural da humanidade, São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil, objetiva-se compreender a percepção sobre a imagem captada pelos visitantes mediante as análises dos comentários na plataforma interativa do sítio eletrônico TripAdvisor, utilizando a categoria acessibilidade proposto pelo Instituto Valenciano de Tecnologias Turísticas em indicadores de destino turístico inteligente. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, utiliza-se a metodologia de reputação online, para analisar os comentários dos turistas postados entre os períodos de setembro (2014 a agosto (2016, utilizando-se palavras-chaves do Manual de Orientações em Turismo e Acessibilidade do Ministério do Turismo e do Manual Operativo para la Configuración de Destinos Turístico Inteligente do Instituto Valenciano de Tecnologías Turísticas. Para obter-se maior aprendizagem sobre este tema buscou-se como uma das metodologias, livros, artigos e teses que exponham a real conjectura da acessibilidade em cidades históricas. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que há necessidade de um plano de desenvolvimento urbano, turístico e patrimonial para que São Luís esteja no patamar de destino turístico inteligente, conforme a categoria acessibilidade proposto pelo INVAT.TUR, como um instrumento que possa auxiliar gestores na adequação da infraestrutura urbana do centro histórico de São Luís.

  15. Destino Turístico Inteligente: Acessibilidade no Centro Histórico de São Luís – Maranhão, um estudo sobre a Reputação Online no TripAdvisor

    OpenAIRE

    Saulo Ribeiro dos Santos; Valério Rodrigues de Souza Neto; Luciano Rodrigo Silva Pereira; José Manoel Gonçalves Gândara; Saulo Rondinelli Xavier da Silva

    2016-01-01

    Um destino turístico inteligente é resultado de diversos fatores, dentre eles as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC’s) que promove um território inovador, de cooperação e cocriação, principalmente por parte do turista. Entendendo este aspecto, a acessibilidade é uma das categorias presentes em um destino turístico inteligente, tanto no âmbito físico quanto virtual. Percebendo as limitações encontradas na cidade patrimônio cultural da humanidade, São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil), objetiva...

  16. Tres competencias esenciales de los profesionales inteligentes: advertir y responder, combinar y conectar, y crear y producir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela García Licea

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo describe los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología para la Gestión personal y profesional de tres competencias de los profesionales inteligentes: advertir y responder, combinar y conectar, y crear y producir en una muestra de ejecutivos de mandos medios de diferentes organizaciones y sectores productivos, que participaron en diplomados y/o cursos formales de Administración y Alta dirección, realizados en el periodo de agosto de 2011 a agosto de 2012, en la Región Lagunera del Estado de Coahuila, México. La metodología permitió indagar sistemáticamente la presencia y nivel de una o más habilidades que definen una gama de funciones de gestión y liderazgo, utilizando instrumentos de auto-diagnóstico de Competencias Gerenciales, Estilos de Liderazgo y Competencias de la Empleabilidad, cuyos datos alimentaron las matrices de significados y habilidades que, a su vez, permitieron identificar las habilidades y oportunidades de formación de profesionales inteligentes relacionadas con el conocimiento y la comprensión necesaria. Esto, con el fin de llevar a cabo eficazmente la gestión de diversas funciones de liderazgo de los grupos estudiados: la Autogestión y habilidades personales, a las que le siguen el Logro de Resultados y el Uso de Recursos, destacando las fortalezas de planeación y la comunicación.

  17. Tres competencias esenciales de los profesionales inteligentes: advertir y responder, combinar y conectar, y crear y producir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela García Licea

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo describe los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología para la Gestión personal y profesional de tres competencias de los profesionales inteligentes: advertir y responder, combinar y conectar, y crear y producir en una muestra de ejecutivos de mandos medios de diferentes organizaciones y sectores productivos, que participaron en diplomados y/o cursos formales de Administración y Alta dirección, realizados en el periodo de agosto de 2011 a agosto de 2012, en la Región Lagunera del Estado de Coahuila, México. La metodología permitió indagar sistemáticamente la presencia y nivel de una o más habilidades que definen una gama de funciones de gestión y liderazgo, utilizando instrumentos de auto-diagnóstico de Competencias Gerenciales, Estilos de Liderazgo y Competencias de la Empleabilidad, cuyos datos alimentaron las matrices de significados y habilidades que, a su vez, permitieron identificar las habilidades y oportunidades de formación de profesionales inteligentes relacionadas con el conocimiento y la comprensión necesaria. Esto, con el fin de llevar a cabo eficazmente la gestión de diversas funciones de liderazgo de los grupos estudiados: la Autogestión y habilidades personales, a las que le siguen el Logro de Resultados y el Uso de Recursos, destacando las fortalezas de planeación y la comunicación.

  18. Los agentes de software inteligentes y la respuesta didáctica a la diversidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel Bautista Vallejo

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo recoge las contribuciones dentro del ámbito de la tiflotecnología que el estudio de los Agentes de Software Inteligentes aporta en el terreno de la atención educativa a la diversidad conocida comúnmente como atención a la diversidad. El objetivo es abrir un poco más el campo de la tecnología y su juego en el futuro prometedor de la cognición asistida en individuos con problemas índole psicobiológica. Se destacan aportaciones como las de Kautz, en donde la inteligencia artificial permite un mayor grado de autonomía a determinadas personas.

  19. Servidor web empotrado en un FPGA para configurar un Controlador Maestro del Sistema Inteligente de Tráfico Cubano

    OpenAIRE

    Ríos Pérez, Frank Emilio; Polanco Carrillo, Franky; Moreno Vega, Valery

    2017-01-01

    RESUMEN En este artículo se presenta la implementación de un servidor web para configurar el Controlador Maestro del Sistema Inteligente de Tráfico desarrollado en Cuba. La programación del servidor se realizó en lenguaje C, para ejecutarse sobre un sistema operativo Linux empotrado en un FPGA. Se logró un mecanismo de configuración sencillo, de bajos recursos de cómputo, rápido y flexible.

  20. Arquitectura de diseño de accesorios electrónicos inalámbricos para dispositivos móviles inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Molera Codina, Juan Manuel

    2013-01-01

    El principal objetivo de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es proponer una arquitectura hardware y software que permita realizar un prototipado rápido y sencillo de accesorios electrónicos para dispositivos móviles inteligentes basados en el sistema operativo Android. Para conseguir este objetivo será necesario llevar a cabo los siguientes sub-objetivos: 1.Buscar y seleccionar los kits de desarrollo necesarios que permitan conseguir una arquitectura para diseñar Gadgets para dispos...

  1. Sistema Electrónico Inteligente para el Control de la Interconexión entre Equipamiento de Generación Distribuida y la Red Eléctrica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Real-Calvo

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Las transformaciones que están teniendo lugar en el sector eléctrico están haciendo evolucionar la red hacia un modelo más inteligente y eficiente conocido como Smart Grid. En este contexto, a los DERs que se integren en la red se les requerirá un control avanzado de la interfaz de conexión. Este trabajo presenta un original dispositivo electrónico inteligente (IED de altas prestaciones para el control de la interconexión eléctrica con numerosas y nuevas prestaciones. El dispositivo tiene sobrada capacidad para contemplar tanto la calidad de suministro como operar multifuncionalmente a nivel de protección y seguridad; y su arquitectura modular en un Sistema Embebido permite una fácil integración, tanto en el desarrollo de equipos de nueva generación, como en equipamiento convencional ya instalado para adaptarlo al nuevo contexto de gestión inteligente. Se ha desarrollado un IED que ha sido sometido a pruebas de clase A siguiendo la normativa IEC 61000-4-30 e IEC 62586-2, y se le han efectuado ensayos para validar la respuesta temporal en la generación de órdenes y señales de alarma para protecciones. Se muestran y analizan algunos de estos resultados experimentales, y se comenta la experiencia de integración real de este prototipo en un inversor inteligente experimental, diseñado expresamente para operar en un escenario Smart Grid. Abstract: The changes that are taking place in the electricity sector are causing an evolution of grid towards a more intelligent and efficient model known as Smart Grid. In this context equipment that connect to electric system require an intelligent control of the connection interface. This paper presents the design and development of an intelligent electronic device (IED with high performance for controlling the electrical interconnection. The device has multifunctional ability to analyze power quality and operate with protections, and its modular architecture allows easy integration in

  2. Casas, Carros e Cidades Inteligentes: um estudo do enquadramento midiático da internet das coisas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Talyta Singer

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Desde a segunda metade dos anos 2000, notícias sobre sensores, etiquetas inteligentes e grandes redes de troca de informação entre objetos passaram a ser pauta da imprensa. Conhecida como Internet das Coisas, esse tipo de tecnologia envolve coleta e transmissão de informação com ou sem participação humana. Nosso estudo procura pelo enquadramento midiático do termo na imprensa nacional e estrangeira e se preocupa em avaliar quais os tipos de aplicações noticiadas, fontes consultadas e recursos visuais utilizados. Os resultados apontam para uma visão caricata e futurista da tecnologia.

  3. Edição Temática “Cidades inteligentes: planejamento e gestão da sustentabilidade”

    OpenAIRE

    Cláudia Terezinha Kniess

    2016-01-01

    É com satisfação que apresentamos a edição temática da revista Gestão e Secretariado – Revista GeSec - com foco em “Cidades inteligentes: planejamento e gestão da sustentabilidade”. Os estudos nesta temática respondem a uma forte demanda da sociedade para o enfrentamento dos desafios atuais relacionados à crescente concentração da população nos centros urbanos e à diversidade de problemas técnicos e políticos relacionados a esta dinâmica.   A revista GeSeC é classificada como Qualis B...

  4. Desarrollo e implementación de un sistema energéticamente eficiente de iluminación inteligente

    OpenAIRE

    Somoza Colino, Pepe

    2014-01-01

    El sistema creado con este proyecto está basado en el uso de iluminación de estado sólido o SSL, particularmente utilizando como soporte los diodos LED, unido a un equipo electrónico que lo hace inteligente optimizando su funcionamiento ,lo que implica que es capaz de adaptar su capacidad lumínica al entorno en el que trabaja adaptándose de forma automática e instantánea. Como valor añadido dispone de un puerto SMA que le permite actuar como emisor una transmisión de información por VLC (Visi...

  5. Cidades inteligentes como nova prática para o gerenciamento dos serviços e infraestruturas urbanos: a experiência da cidade de Porto Alegre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Cesar Weiss

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a experiência da cidade de Porto Alegre relativamente à materialização do conceito de cidade inteligente. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, baseada em estudo de caso, com coleta de dados em fontes primárias e secundárias realizada em 2013. Os resultados mostram que a implementação de inovações em tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs na prestação dos serviços públicos proporcionou maior eficiência nas atividades que envolvem a gestão da cidade, com importantes resultados em favor dos atores que ali se inserem. Pretendeu-se com este trabalho contribuir com a agenda de pesquisas e discussões sobre a gestão dos espaços urbanos, trazendo o conceito de cidade inteligente como uma prática viabilizadora do desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades brasileiras.

  6. LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL BAJO EL ENFOQUE DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTELIGENTES EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN

    OpenAIRE

    Jaime José Gil Domínguez

    2007-01-01

    El presente artículo se centra en develar a través de una investigación documental, los fundamentos teóricos en los que se sustenta el enfoque de las Organizaciones Inteligentes. Se inicia con una descripción del entorno en el que están inmersas las organizaciones hoy en día, en la llamada era de la sociedad de la información. Luego, se presentan los principios y estructuras conceptuales que sirven de base a este enfoque. Finalmente, destaca su confluencia sobre otras filosofías y modelos de ...

  7. Sistema inteligente para elaborar um projeto de perfuração de um poço de petroleo

    OpenAIRE

    Ademar Takashi Sato

    1992-01-01

    Resumo: O trabalho apresenta a proposta de um Sistema Inteligente para Elaborar um Projeto de Perfuração de um Poço de Petróleo, que engloba o tratamento da base de dados, grafo de conhecimento para a escolha de poços de correlação, e recomendações para o posicionamento das sapatas com um grafo de conhecimento. Para tanto foram utilizadas diversas teorias e técnicas dentro da Inteligência Artificial. A aquisição do conhecimento de textos em linguagem natural, para a organização da base de dad...

  8. El patrimonio cultural nos incluye a todos. Fundación Eliécer Silva Celis : una organización inteligente

    OpenAIRE

    Ardila Silva, Sandra Ximena; Correal Cabezas, Ximena Alexandra

    2011-01-01

    El proyecto consta de tres componentes fundamentales los cuales son: (1) Crear un modelo organizacional inteligente que se articule a las demandas culturales de la comunidad de Sogamoso y contribuya a apropiación del patrimonio cultural en el departamento de Boyacá. (2) Formular un plan estratégico para la FESC que promueva procesos culturales de comunicación, intercambio y apropiación del patrimonio cultural. (3) Diseñar una estrategia de sostenibilidad para la FESC basada en la importancia ...

  9. Inconsistent Investment and Consumption Problems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kronborg, Morten Tolver, E-mail: mtk@atp.dk [ATP (Danish Labour Market Supplementary Pension Scheme) (Denmark); Steffensen, Mogens, E-mail: mogens@math.ku.dk [University of Copenhagen, Department of Mathematical Sciences (Denmark)

    2015-06-15

    In a traditional Black–Scholes market we develop a verification theorem for a general class of investment and consumption problems where the standard dynamic programming principle does not hold. The theorem is an extension of the standard Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation in the form of a system of non-linear differential equations. We derive the optimal investment and consumption strategy for a mean-variance investor without pre-commitment endowed with labor income. In the case of constant risk aversion it turns out that the optimal amount of money to invest in stocks is independent of wealth. The optimal consumption strategy is given as a deterministic bang-bang strategy. In order to have a more realistic model we allow the risk aversion to be time and state dependent. Of special interest is the case were the risk aversion is inversely proportional to present wealth plus the financial value of future labor income net of consumption. Using the verification theorem we give a detailed analysis of this problem. It turns out that the optimal amount of money to invest in stocks is given by a linear function of wealth plus the financial value of future labor income net of consumption. The optimal consumption strategy is again given as a deterministic bang-bang strategy. We also calculate, for a general time and state dependent risk aversion function, the optimal investment and consumption strategy for a mean-standard deviation investor without pre-commitment. In that case, it turns out that it is optimal to take no risk at all.

  10. Inconsistent Investment and Consumption Problems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kronborg, Morten Tolver; Steffensen, Mogens

    2015-01-01

    In a traditional Black–Scholes market we develop a verification theorem for a general class of investment and consumption problems where the standard dynamic programming principle does not hold. The theorem is an extension of the standard Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation in the form of a system of non-linear differential equations. We derive the optimal investment and consumption strategy for a mean-variance investor without pre-commitment endowed with labor income. In the case of constant risk aversion it turns out that the optimal amount of money to invest in stocks is independent of wealth. The optimal consumption strategy is given as a deterministic bang-bang strategy. In order to have a more realistic model we allow the risk aversion to be time and state dependent. Of special interest is the case were the risk aversion is inversely proportional to present wealth plus the financial value of future labor income net of consumption. Using the verification theorem we give a detailed analysis of this problem. It turns out that the optimal amount of money to invest in stocks is given by a linear function of wealth plus the financial value of future labor income net of consumption. The optimal consumption strategy is again given as a deterministic bang-bang strategy. We also calculate, for a general time and state dependent risk aversion function, the optimal investment and consumption strategy for a mean-standard deviation investor without pre-commitment. In that case, it turns out that it is optimal to take no risk at all

  11. Risk analysis of investments in-farm milk cooling tanks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle D. Sant´Anna

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available A risk analysis for the installation of milk cooling tanks (250, 500 and 1,000 L on Brazilian rural properties was conducted in this study. The results showed that all investments had a return higher than the annual 12% minimum rate of attractiveness. There was a direct relationship between tank size and investment profitability and an inverse relation between size and risk. The probability of achieving returns lower than the opportunity cost was highest for the smallest tank (42%. In order to make the investment in small cooling tanks more attractive, the dairy industry incentives offered to farmers for supplying cooled milk could be increased. However, this approach might make investments in bulk milk collection by dairy companies infeasible. Thus, a recommendable strategy for a successful modernization of the Brazilian dairy sector’s inbound logistics would be to promote an increase in the volume of the milk produced per farm.

  12. Diseño y desarrollo de la iluminación de un camino de jardín programable inteligente

    OpenAIRE

    JUAN MONTER, MIGUEL

    2015-01-01

    [ES] Este proyecto surge de la necesidad de reducir el impacto ambiental que implica el uso de iluminación en entornos exteriores. Se relata el análisis, el diseño y la elaboración de un sistema de gestión inteligente de iluminación, donde cada luminaria dispondrá de un arduino con distintos sensores y actuadores además de un sistema de interconexión, para el uso eficiente de la energía. El proyecto está planteado para un jardín aunque perfectamente puede ser migrado a entornos de may...

  13. Human Capital Investment and the Value of Risky R&D Projects

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dockner, Engelbert; Siyahhan, Baran

    be observed during the R&D phase of the project. The exogenous value of the patent determines the firm’s decisions to invest in human capital, to abandon the project if necessary, and to invest in marketing the new product. We study the corresponding optimal stopping times, determine their value and risk...... consequences, and derive optimal investment in the stock of human capital. While optimal investment in human capital is very sensitive to its productivity do increase the probability of a breakthrough it is insensitive to changes in the volatility of the present value of the patent. The value of the firm...... is driven by fixed labor costs that occur until the breakthrough is made, the call option to invest in human capital and market the product, and the put option to abandon the project. These options together with labor costs’ based operating leverage determine the risk dynamics. Firm risk is inverse U...

  14. The Relative Performance of Debt-restricted Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Does Faith Matter?

    OpenAIRE

    M. Kabir Hassan; Yasser Alhenawi; Hesham Merdad

    2011-01-01

    Ibrahim & Ong (2008) use operational restrictions of Islamic Investment Guidelines and conduct a thought experiment on Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) under restricted and non-restricted schemes. We use financial restriction and reach somewhat different results. Compliant REITs underperform non-compliant REITs in equally-weighted portfolios. However, the results are inversed in value-weighted portfolios. In the latter case, compliant REITs outperform non-compliant REITs and provide a le...

  15. Videovigilância inteligente em ambientes aquáticos : detecção precoce de afogamento em piscinas domésticas

    OpenAIRE

    Peixoto, Nuno Pedro Rodrigues

    2010-01-01

    Tese de doutoramento (área de Informática Industrial) Neste documento, apresenta-se um conjunto de trabalhos relativos à utilização de videovigilância inteligente para a análise de comportamentos humanos em ambientes aquáticos, orientado à detecção precoce de afogamento em piscinas domésticas. Recorrendo a imagens de vídeo capturadas com uma câmara comum de videovigilância e um computador pessoal para efectuar todas as análises necessárias ao reconhecimento de pessoas e à infer...

  16. DESARROLLO DE PROTOTIPO DE MÁQUINA INTELIGENTE DE FERTIRIEGO DE CONTROL REMOTO Y BAJO COSTO EN LA REGIÓN LAMBAYEQUE

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez Lora, Víctor; RITEC Riegos Tecnificados, Chiclayo, Perú; Fuentes Alcántara, Antonio Junior; RITEC Riegos Tecnificados, Chiclayo, Perú; Fuentes Alcántara, Susana Elizabeth; RITEC Riegos Tecnificados, Chiclayo, Perú

    2016-01-01

    El prototipo de máquina inteligente de fertiriego de control remoto y bajo costo desarrollado por la empresa RITEC Riegos Tecnificados E.I.R.L. optimiza el proceso de control y monitoreo remoto de inyección de nutrientes y ácidos en un sistema de riego tecnificado. El desarrollo de este prototipo identificó oportunidades y limitaciones en la confección de productos de alta tecnología para el sector agrícola en la región Lambayeque. El prototipo está compuesto de un hardware electrónico de baj...

  17. A CIDADE DIGITAL VS A CIDADE INTELIGENTE: ESTRATÉGIAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SÓCIO-ECONÓMICO E/OU DE MARKETING TERRITORIAL

    OpenAIRE

    Fernandes, Ricardo Jorge Lopes; Fernandes, Rui Jorge Gama

    2006-01-01

    Nos últimos anos, no quadro da nova economia e da emergência de novas tecnologias, temos assistido a um crescimento assinalável da pertinência das questões da gestão da sustentabilidade dos territórios nas suas múltiplas dimensões, implementando-se novas formas de pensar a cidade, acrescentando a dimensão digital e/ou inteligente na valorização do conhecimento e na utilização de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, vistas como pilares e estratégias fulcrais de desenvolvimento. Porém, algu...

  18. Sistema de iluminação baseado em lâmpada LED inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franklin Batista Andrade

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda o estudo e desenvolvimento do protótipo de uma lâmpada inteligente, baseada na plataforma Arduino e capaz de combinar a iluminação artificial com a natural. O controle de brilho de uma lâmpada construída com LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes, ou Diodos Emissores de Luz foi realizado por uma saída com PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, ou Modulação por Largura de Pulso do microcontrolador ATMEGA328 da placa Arduino Uno R3, enquanto para a determinação da intensidade da iluminação natural, um sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor, ou Resistor Dependente de Luz foi linearizado e caracterizado para fornecer, por meio de uma equação de ajuste de curva, os valores de iluminância. A lâmpada, quando totalmente desenvolvida, poderá ser utilizada em ambientes como as salas de aula do IFPB, para redução do consumo de energia elétrica, mantendo uma intensidade luminosa ótima durante o dia.

  19. CONTRA-MANUAL PARA CÂMERAS INTELIGENTES: VIGILÂNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E PERCEPÇÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Gloria Bruno

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo realiza um breve mapeamento dos sistemas de videovigilância chamados “inteligentes”. Tais sistemas são programados para detecção automatizada e em tempo real de situações consideradas irregulares e/ou suspeitas em ambientes específicos, de modo a prever e prevenir eventos indesejáveis. Três aspectos serão focalizados: 1 O regime de visibilidade em curso, atento à captura de irregularidades; 2 O tipo de categorização dos corpos vigente nestes sistemas, voltado para a superfície da conduta humana; 3 A temporalidade destas câmeras, cujo caráter proativo pretende antever e intervir em eventos futuros. Compreendendo a videovigilância inteligente como um sistema sociotécnico, ressaltam-se procedimentos e discursos que identificam não apenas o funcionamento deste aparato, mas também os modos específicos de controle e vigilância nele implicados. Neste sentido, este texto é uma espécie de contramanual do dispositivo aqui em foco.

  20. Investigación en Progreso: Estudio y Evaluación de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación para el Desarrollo de Ciudades Inteligentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hector Luis Vivas

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Los avances tecnológicos, la globalización, la demanda social para poder disponer de diversos servicios, la evolución en las comunicaciones, y el impulso político, han provocado que nos encontremos frente a una sociedad en la cual se generan cambios significativos en la forma de trabajar, de aprender, de pensar, de comunicarse y de vivir afectando a los ciudadanos a todos los niveles. Por esto, la forma en la que concebimos a las ciudades tradicionales se encuentra cambiando a lo que se conoce como ciudades inteligentes; las ciudades ahora comienzan a ser vistas como medios innovadores que ayudan al desarrollo y al progreso de las regiones e inclusive del país del que forman parte, logrando así una integración de las diversas áreas urbanas hacia la Sociedad de la Información. En nuestra región (Provincia de Rio Negro – Argentina se ha podido identificar la necesidad de contar con desarrollos innovadores de tecnología para transformar dichas áreas urbanas en ciudades inteligentes. Esta evolución se verá apalancada por el aprovechamiento de las siguientes tecnologías: Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT, Soluciones móviles, Internet de las Cosas (M2M, Plataformas Educativas Virtuales (PEV. El desafío de este proyecto es construir capacidades y herramientas de software para ciudades inteligentes, maximizando los beneficios en la aplicación correcta y eficiente de las citadas tecnologías. Como, así también, la aplicación de marcos referenciales de planificación y calidad durante el proceso de desarrollo y apropiación de dichos recursos.

  1. The Effects of Abandonment Options on Investment Timing and Profit Sharing of FDI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Weiwei Zhang

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper incorporates cooperative game theory into a real option method in a foreign direct investment setting and examines the operational decisions of a multinational corporation in a cooperative framework, where the corporation is endowed with an abandonment option and shares its profit with the host country. In particular, we investigate how the abandonment options affect the optimal investment timing and the optimal profit share of a foreign direct investment using a real option game method. We show that the flexibility of the abandonment option induces the corporation to investment earlier, which indicates the negative effects on investment trigger. The result is consistent with intuition since the abandonment option provides insurance and thus reduces the overall risk of the project. We also find that the introduction of the abandonment option reduces the optimal profit share in a cooperative framework and in turn the lower profit share increases the investment trigger, thereby having a positive effect on the investment threshold to hinder the investment. By numerical analysis, we find that the overall effect of the abandonment options is inversely related to the investment trigger. These findings provide quantitative analysis about the decisions regarding cooperation in international investment extraction projects.

  2. Inverse Statistics in the Foreign Exchange Market

    OpenAIRE

    Jensen, M. H.; Johansen, A.; Petroni, F.; Simonsen, I.

    2004-01-01

    We investigate intra-day foreign exchange (FX) time series using the inverse statistic analysis developed in [1,2]. Specifically, we study the time-averaged distributions of waiting times needed to obtain a certain increase (decrease) $\\rho$ in the price of an investment. The analysis is performed for the Deutsch mark (DM) against the $US for the full year of 1998, but similar results are obtained for the Japanese Yen against the $US. With high statistical significance, the presence of "reson...

  3. Diseño y operación de sistemas de distribución bajo un ambiente de redes inteligentes de tensión

    OpenAIRE

    Grisales Noreña, Luis Fernando

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para el diseño y operación de sistemas de distribución bajo un ambiente de redes inteligentes, considerando como elementos de análisis la ubicación y dimensionamiento de generación distribuida, elementos almacenadores de energía y elementos de protección para aislamiento de fallas y transferencia de carga (reconectadores normalmente cerrados y abiertos, respectivamente). Como técnicas de solución se emplearon tres algoritmos de optimización: algorit...

  4. Intelligent use of the energy; Uso inteligente de la energia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dominguez Ahedo, Carlos [Director General de la Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE), Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

    2005-07-01

    Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE) is an administrative agency independent of the Secretaria de Energia that serves as a technical agency for consultancy in matters of efficient use of energy and advantageous use of renewable energies. This document searches to inform the population how to satisfy the necessity of energy in an intelligent way. For this purpose some useful actions to be performed were detected: the making of a balance between the supply and the energy demand, the consultancy on how the saving of energy is performed in order to reduce its waste, to count on equipment and efficient systems, to use domestic renewable energies and to use the solar energy and the biomass. [Spanish] La Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE) es el organo administrativo desconcentrado de la Secretaria de Energia que funge como organismo tecnico de consulta en materia de ahorro y uso eficiente de energia y aprovechamiento de energias renovables. Este documento busca informar a la poblacion acerca de como satisfacer la necesidad de energia a cambio de su utilizacion de manera inteligente, para ello se detectaron areas de oportunidad como: un balance entre la oferta y la demanda energetica, informar a la gente sobre como se efectua el ahorro de energia para con ello reducir el desperdicio de esta, contar con equipos y sistemas eficientes, usar energias renovables domesticas y utilizar la energia solar y la biomasa.

  5. Chinese investment in the EU renewable energy sector: Motives, synergies and policy implications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Curran, Louise; Lv, Ping; Spigarelli, Francesca

    2017-01-01

    This paper addresses three questions: how have trade and investment in wind and solar sectors evolved between the EU and China in recent years? Is there a link between rising trade conflicts and trade and investment trends? And what wider motivations and synergies can be identified in Chinese investments in the EU's RE sector? To address these questions we analyze trade and investment data, as well as qualitative data, including information from media and company reports. Large increases in trade and investment were followed by rapid falls since 2012–13. Trade tensions have not led to increases in investment, rather the inverse. We find that Chinese investment in these two sectors is very concentrated in Germany. The key motivation for investment is market seeking, although R+D is also important, especially for wind. Most investments are greenfield, a preference that has persisted over time. Our qualitative analysis of several key acquisitions indicates that technology integration and the consolidation of capacities across the supply chain were key motivations in most of the cases studied. We conclude with some policy orientations. - Highlights: • Chinese investments in solar and wind in Europe are concentrated in Germany. • Large increases in trade and investment were followed by rapid falls since 2012–13. • These falls seem to be related to market difficulties. • Key investment entry mode is greenfield and motivation is market seeking. • In acquisitions, technology seeking plays a key role.

  6. Implementación de un sistema de seguridad para las comunicaciones en medidores inteligentes de baja tensión en Smart Grids

    OpenAIRE

    Sáenz Leguizamón, Javier Alejandro

    2015-01-01

    La Integración de la red eléctrica y las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) son el futuro de la energía, el mundo moderno no puede ser concebido sin electricidad y la infraestructura actual está mal adaptada a las necesidades modernas, cada día la demanda de energía es mayor y el medio ambiente sufre debido a la generación de CO2, necesitamos una red inteligente con mejor administración de la energía; implementando estas tecnologías se espera reducir signi...

  7. Diseño y desarrollo de aplicación para estudio en el uso de teléfonos inteligentes por usuarios invidentes

    OpenAIRE

    Sanz Cano, Álvaro

    2014-01-01

    El avance de la tecnología en las últimas décadas ha sido vertiginoso, propiciando que los dispositivos cada vez sean más potentes, en menos espacio y a menor coste. Por ello, no es de extrañar que las ventas de dispositivos crecieran de forma espectacular, primero con los ordenadores personales y luego con todo tipo de dispositivos, PDAs, tabletas, móviles, móviles inteligentes, etcétera. La aparición de internet y su expansión a nivel global junto con la facilidad de acceso a...

  8. Diseño de un modelo basado en técnicas de inteligencia artificial para el desarrollo de un sistema inteligente orientado al aprendizaje

    OpenAIRE

    Lemus Serrano, Carlos Enrique

    2011-01-01

    El desarrollo de Software Educativo relacionado con el Software Inteligente es una de las ramas de la Ingeniería de software que a nivel local ha sido poco explorada. La relación que tienen estas áreas es grande y además brinda muchas ventajas al software educativo que actualmente se ha convertido en una herramienta útil para el aprendizaje del estudiante. El software educativo busca tener una capacidad para razonar, aprender y autoajustarse a un entorno y por ende a sus usuarios; y todo esto...

  9. Las OTAs como elemento dinamizador de un destino turístico inteligente: procesos de integración y negociación con proveedores y clientes

    OpenAIRE

    Grau Palomares, Sabrina; Teruel Serrano, María Dolores; Palomares Chust, Alberto

    2017-01-01

    En este trabajo se estudia el funcionamiento de las denominadas Agencias de Viajes Online (OTAs) que actualmente se han convertido en actores fundamentales para la dinamización de los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTIs). El propósito de este trabajo es conocer de qué manera, las OTAs logran llegar a sus clientes en un entorno altamente competitivo, y cómo utilizan las diferentes herramientas de marketing disponibles. El análisis detallado de un conjunto de OTAs (casos de estudio) ha permi...

  10. Cidades inteligentes no nordeste brasileiro: análise das dimensões de trajetória e a contribuição da população

    OpenAIRE

    Câmara, Samuel Façanha; Universidade Estadual do Ceará; Carvalho, Hermano José Batista; Universidade Estadual do Ceará; Silva, Francisca Adaliny Alves; Universidade Estadual do Ceará; Souza, Lucas Lopes Ferreira; Universidade Estadual do Ceará; Souza, Elnivan Moreira; Universidade de Fortaleza

    2016-01-01

    Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar de que forma a população das cidades de Barbalha, Maranguape e Mauriti, pertencentes ao Nordeste brasileiro, percebem o caminho que podem seguir para se tornar mais inteligentes. Utilizou-se o modelo de Giffinger, Haindlmaier e Kramar (2010) para analisar as dimensões economia, pessoas, governança, mobilidade, meio ambiente e qualidade de vida. Realizou-se uma survey e aplicaram-se 575 questionários aos moradores das cidades. Os dados foram tratado...

  11. Utilização das tecnologias de informação no contexto das cidades inteligentes em grandes cidades : o caso de Lisboa

    OpenAIRE

    Aires, Joana Marta Ferreira

    2016-01-01

    As Cidades Inteligentes podem ser vistas como uma nova abordagem para lidar com os problemas urbanos, como por exemplo a gestão do trânsito. Através da disponibilidade, infraestrutura e qualidade das Tecnologias da Informação e do capital humano é possível melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, promovendo a sua participação e proporcionando uma melhor monitorização de eventos que ocorrem nas cidades. Tomando-se como caso de estudo a grande cidade de Lisboa, neste trabalho procura-se compr...

  12. Aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. Control de persiana

    OpenAIRE

    Grupo de Domótica y Ambientes Inteligentes

    2014-01-01

    En los vídeos se muestra una aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. La interfaz consiste en una representación de la vivienda real en 3D a través de la cual se puede controlar de manera intuitiva la iluminación, clima, persianas, TV, etc. En concreto, la interfaz permite interactuar con los dispositivos reales de la vivienda tocando su representación virtual en la interfaz. Debido a la sencillez en el uso de la m...

  13. The hydroelectric power plant as a project of private investment; La central hidroelectrica como proyecto de inversion privada

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guerra, Eduardo [Industrias Metalurgicas Pescarmona S.A. (IMPSA), Mendoza (Argentina)]. E-mail: guerra@impsa.com.ar

    2001-07-01

    The paper describes the process to be followed for the performance, construction and operation of a hydroelectric investment from the view point of a private investor. The paper demonstrates that it is possible to finance the project through the 'project finance', where the finance has as guarantee the own assets and the fund fluxes of the investment.

  14. Inovação, Governança e Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes: o caso de Belo Horizonte/MG, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Rocco, Daniela; Alvares, Daniela

    2017-01-01

    O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar iniciativas inovadoras realizadas em consonância com o desenvolvimento sustentável e com estímulo à governança, inseridas no contexto de um potencial destino turístico inteligente (DTI), a saber, Belo Horizonte, localizado no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta pesquisa, que foi desenvolvida entre janeiro e maio de 2017, é de natureza exploratória e caráter qualitativo. Foram entrevistados representantes de cinco instituições com as seguintes atuações: ge...

  15. Controlador empotrado en FPGA para Sistema Inteligente de Transporte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro José Cabrera Sarmiento

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available 1024x768 Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} En el presente trabajo se expone la concepción, desarrollo e implementación de un controlador empotrado en un FPGA de Xilinx para ser utilizado en un Sistema Inteligente de Transporte (SIT. La estructura hardware del controlador está basada en la utilización de diversos módulos de propiedad intelectual del sistema de procesamiento MicroBlaze y el soporte de software está basado en la utilización del sistema operativo Petalinux. El controlador empotrado dispone de interfaces Ethernet, USB, UART, SPI e I2C para la comunicación con los diferentes niveles jerárquicos del SIT. Ha sido implementado sobre una placa de desarrollo basada en un FPGA Spartan3E de 1.200 k compuertas, ocupando un 59% de sus recursos configurables. El resto de los recursos disponibles en el FPGA permite, además de la posible actualización del controlador, la implementación hardware de algoritmos que requieren una alta velocidad de procesamiento.

  16. Aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. Control de panel luminoso

    OpenAIRE

    Grupo de Domótica y Ambientes Inteligentes

    2014-01-01

    En los vídeos se muestra una aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. La interfaz consiste en una representación de la vivienda real en 3D a través de la cual se puede controlar de manera intuitiva la iluminación, clima, persianas, TV, etc. En concreto, la interfaz permite interactuar con los dispositivos reales de la vivienda tocando su representación virtual en la interfaz. Debido a la sencillez en el uso de la m...

  17. Sustainable Markets Investment Briefings: Investment Treaties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cotula, Lorenzo

    2007-08-15

    This is the second of a series of briefings which discuss the sustainable development issues raised by legal arrangements for the protection of foreign investment. The briefings are based on legal research by IIED and its partners. The goal is to provide accessible but accurate information for human rights, development and environmental organisations working on issues raised by foreign investment in low- and middle-income countries. Briefing 2 explains how investment treaties between states work to protect and promote foreign investment.

  18. Estudio del Uso de la Tarjeta Inteligente Adaptado a un Teléfono Móvil como Sistema para Adquirir Bienes y Servicios en la Ciudad de Guayaquil

    OpenAIRE

    Espín Martínez, Jorge Alfredo; Pilco Totoy, Mario Patricio

    2012-01-01

    Con el fin de seguir desarrollando el segmento de la tecnología y comunicaciones con nuevas aplicaciones, el presente estudio se enfoca en proponer al mercado una tarjeta inteligente adaptado en un celular; el mismo que servirá para transacciones de compra de bienes y servicios en establecimientos afiliados con la tecnología NFC; esta alternativa permitirá a los usuarios poder realizar con mayor seguridad sus compras ya que tendrán que utilizar el sistema de huella digital, y el mismo equipo ...

  19. Investment innovation trends: Factor-based investing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sanja Centineo

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available This article shows that it can take a long period of time until research knowledge finds its application in practice and get disseminated as innovation trend. Factor-based investing is such an example. Having its developing roots in the nineties, it took more than two decades until this approach was detected by the by investment community. The goal of this article is to recall the definition of factor investing, present its historical evolvement and motivate its recent break-through and current trend among investment practitioners (known also under the notion smart beta. It aims at familiarizing with this investment approach from a practical perspective and highlighting its diversifying benefits in a portfolio context with the potential to outperform the market on risk-adjusted basis.

  20. Environmental proxies of antigen exposure explain variation in immune investment better than indices of pace of life

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Horrocks, Nicholas P. C.; Hegemann, Arne; Ostrowski, Stephane; Ndithia, Henry; Shobrak, Mohammed; Williams, Joseph B.; Matson, Kevin D.; Tieleman, B. I.

    Investment in immune defences is predicted to covary with a variety of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant axes, with pace of life and environmental antigen exposure being two examples. These axes may themselves covary directly or inversely, and such relationships can lead to conflicting

  1. Environmental proxies of antigen exposure explain variation in immune investment better than indices of pace of life

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Horrocks, N.P.C.; Hegemann, A.; Ostrowski, S.; Ndithia, H.; Shobrak, M.; Williams, J.B.; Matson, K.D.; Tieleman, B.I.

    2015-01-01

    Investment in immune defences is predicted to covary with a variety of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant axes, with pace of life and environmental antigen exposure being two examples. These axes may themselves covary directly or inversely, and such relationships can lead to conflicting

  2. Aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. Control de iluminación

    OpenAIRE

    Grupo de Domótica y Ambientes Inteligentes

    2014-01-01

    En los vídeos se muestra una aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. La interfaz consiste en una representación de la vivienda real en 3D a través de la cual se puede controlar de manera intuitiva la iluminación, clima, persianas, TV, etc. En concreto, la interfaz permite interactuar con los dispositivos reales de la vivienda tocando su representación virtual en la interfaz. Debido a la sencillez en el uso de la m...

  3. DESEMPEÑO GERENCIAL DE LAS ALCALDÍAS DE LA COSTA ORIENTAL DEL LAGO DE MARACAIBO ENFOCADO EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTELIGENTES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niria Meli Quintero de Faría

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el desempeño gerencial de las alcaldías de la Costa Oriental del Lago, enfocándose en las organizaciones inteligentes.Metodológicamente el estudio fue de tipo descriptivo según (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2006, porque se orientó a recolectar y medir información relacionada con el estudio de las personas u objetos, es de campo porque los datos se recogieron directamente de la realidad. El modelo desarrollado está referido a las Alcaldías de Cabimas, Santa Rita, Simón Bolívar, Miranda, Lagunillas, Valmore Rodríguez y Baralt. A su vez, estuvo enmarcado en la acción gerencial apoyado en las disciplinas de (Senge, 2005.

  4. SG-SM - Smart Grid San Martin : Red de Distribución y Generación de Energía Inteligente en Ciudad Gral San Martin – Mendoza

    OpenAIRE

    Mercado, Gustavo; Peña, José Manuel Da; Stasi, Raúl; López, Gabriel; Burlot, Alejandro; Vivone, Gian Carlo; Amstutz, Carolina; Barnabo, Laura; De Paolo, Julieta; Ledda, Marcelo; Cáceres, Roberto; Taffernaberry, Juan Carlos; Pérez, Santiago; Álvarez, Luis; Fernández, Jorge

    2015-01-01

    Diseño, implementación y análisis de resultados de un proyecto piloto de redes inteligentes y mejoramiento de la eficiencia de la redes de distribución en un área urbano - rural de la zona de concesión de EDESTE SA, en el departamento de Gral. San Martín - Mendoza, que abastece aproximadamente 5000 usuarios de tipo residencial, comercial e industrial, donde se desarrollarán los siguientes aspectos: telemedición y control (Smart Grid) de usuarios finales, telegestión de subestaciones transform...

  5. Investment shocks and the relative price of investment

    OpenAIRE

    Justiniano, Alejandro; Primiceri, Giorgio E.; Tambalotti, Andrea

    2009-01-01

    We estimate a New-Neoclassical Synthesis model of the business cycle with two investment shocks. The first, an investment-specific technology shock, affects the transformation of consumption into investment goods and is identified with the relative price of investment. The second shock affects the production of installed capital from investment goods or, more broadly, the transformation of savings into future capital input. We find that this shock is the most important driver of U.S. business...

  6. ESTRATEGIAS PARA FORTALECER EL DOMINIO PERSONAL BASADO EN EL ENFOQUE DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTELIGENTES, EN LAS CORPORACIONES LOCALES, DE LA COSTA ORIENTAL DEL LAGO DE MARACAIBO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niria Quintero

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del estudio es diseñar estrategias gerenciales basadas en el enfoque de las organizaciones inteligentes para la eficiencia y eficacia de la gerencia pública en la administración del talento humano, a través del fortalecimiento de la disciplina, dominio personal en las corporaciones locales de la Costa Oriental del Lago. La investigación es descriptiva, campo no experimental, n=110, con un cuestionario de 28 ítemes tipo Likert. Se  concluye que este estudio contribuye con el diseño de innovadoras formas de administrar el personal.

  7. Japanese investment in Peru: limits of developmental investment

    OpenAIRE

    Kamiya, Marco

    2004-01-01

    Japanese Investment in Latin America was considerable in the 1960s and 1970s, but the investment never took off in the developmental style as in East Asia. The author examines why Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in Peru did not follow the pattern of developmental investment, analyzing the elements involved regarding policies in Peru and particular circumstances in Japan in the 1990 decade.

  8. Estudio comparativo de los Códecs de voz para comunicaciones de Voip utilizando teléfonos inteligentes - caso de estudio Universidad Católica de Cuenca sede Azogues

    OpenAIRE

    Ortega Ortega, Martín Educardo

    2015-01-01

    Este trabajo de investigación presenta un estudio comparativo de los códecs de voz para comunicaciones de VoIP en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Sede Azogues, mediante la aplicación de diferentes escenarios reales de pruebas utilizando teléfonos móviles celulares inteligentes con cuentas SIP registradas en aplicaciones softphones y configuradas con la dirección IP interna del servidor de VoIP cuando la conexión sea a través de la red WLAN interna del campus universitario,...

  9. Un modelo de planificación instruccional usando razonamiento basado en casos en sistemas multi-agente para entornos integrados de sistemas tutoriales inteligentes y ambientes colaborativos de aprendizaje

    OpenAIRE

    Jiménez Builes, Jovani Alberto

    2006-01-01

    La Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación es un área interdisciplinar en la que se mezclan investigadores con diversas formaciones y objetivos. Principalmente, trabajan en ella personas interesadas en diferentes campos como: la pedagogía, psicología, informática entre otros. Cada una de ellas aporta desde su perspectiva a la construcción de la disciplina con el propósito de aplicar diversas técnicas al desarrollo de sistemas de enseñanza / aprendizaje de manera inteligente. El término “intel...

  10. Control basado en PID inteligentes: aplicación al control de crucero de un vehículo a bajas velocidades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Villagrá

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: A pesar de sus limitaciones, la técnica de control mas utilizada en el mundo industrial sigue siendo todavía hoy el control PID. En este artículo se presenta un nuevo enfoque, el control basado en PID inteligentes (i-PID, que aprovecha las virtudes que han hecho tan popular al PID, mejorando uno de sus puntos débiles: la perdida de prestaciones en presencia de términos no-lineales o de dinámicas no modeladas. Para ilustrar las características del i-PID, se ha probado su comportamiento en una aplicación real, el control de crucero de un vehículo experimental a bajas velocidades. Palabras Clave: Controladores PID, Sistemas de control no lineales, Vehículos autónomos, Control de velocidad

  11. Investment Strategy and Efficiency of Investment Activity of European Insurers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhabynets Olga Yo.

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available The article studies investment strategy and efficiency of investment activity of European insurance companies. In particular, it analyses the share of investments of insurance companies of Europe in GDP, investment portfolio of European insurers and its structure, contribution of insurance companies – leaders of investment activity – into the European investment portfolio. It studies influence of the financial crisis upon investment strategy of European insurers and analyses efficiency of investment activity of European insurers in risk insurance and life insurance. The article proves that investment business models of insurance companies are capable of resisting crisis phenomena more efficiently than other financial institutions. It marks out that measures of insurance companies that are directed at increase of profitability of investments require from them both significant expenditures on creation of the system of investment risk management and open access to different categories of financial assets and markets, which influences the general risk level, taken upon by an insurance company. The author draws a conclusion that, taking into account recent developments, European insurers should focus on equity and investment risk management, finding new possibilities for their (investments growth and also adaptation of new systems and operations for solution of these important tasks.

  12. Reproductive Investment and Health Costs in Roma Women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jelena Čvorović

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, we examine whether variation in reproductive investment affects the health of Roma women using a dataset collected through original anthropological fieldwork among Roma women in Serbia. Data were collected in 2014–2016 in several Roma semi-urban settlements in central Serbia. The sample consisted of 468 Roma women, averaging 44 years of age. We collected demographic data (age, school levels, socioeconomic status, risk behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption, marital status, and reproductive history variables (the timing of reproduction, the intensity of reproduction, reproductive effort and investment after birth, in addition to self-reported health, height, and weight. Data analyses showed that somatic, short-term costs of reproduction were revealed in this population, while evolutionary, long-term costs were unobservable—contrariwise, Roma women in poor health contributed more to the gene pool of the next generation than their healthy counterparts. Our findings appear to be consistent with simple trade-off models that suggest inverse relationships between reproductive effort and health. Thus, personal sacrifice—poor health as an outcome—seems crucial for greater reproductive success.

  13. Cidades inteligentes como nova prática para o gerenciamento dos serviços e infraestruturas urbanos: a experiência da cidade de Porto Alegre

    OpenAIRE

    Weiss, Marcos Cesar; Bernardes, Roberto Carlos; Consoni, Flavia Luciane

    2015-01-01

    ResumoEste artigo tem por objetivo discutir a experiência da cidade de Porto Alegre relativamente à materialização do conceito de cidade inteligente. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, baseada em estudo de caso, com coleta de dados em fontes primárias e secundárias realizada em 2013. Os resultados mostram que a implementação de inovações em tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) na prestação dos serviços públicos proporcionou maio...

  14. Mejora de la accesibilidad web mediante el uso de agentes inteligentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Gabriela Miranda

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available La Web 2.0 propone nuevos desafíos para asegurar la “Accesibilidad Universal.” Los diferentes tipos de usuarios Web se enfrentan con numerosas barreras de accesibilidad cuando interactúan con los diferentes tipos de sitios y aplicaciones que coexisten hoy en la Web 2.0, desde los denominados Simple Web Presence hasta las Rich Internet Applications o las Mobile Web Applications. En este escenario, la Accesibilidad Web es un atributo de calidad clave para propiciar el acceso a la información y a los servicios Web y proveer beneficios en el desarrollo de productos para la Web tales como la optimización de motores de búsqueda y la escalabilidad de aplicaciones multi-dispositivo. Los enfoques que asisten a la evaluación de la Accesibilidad de productos Web existentes, son semi-automáticos y requieren de la intervención humana en la detección de “falsos positivos”/“falsos negativos” y en la corrección de errores comprobados automática y manualmente. Para simplificar el proceso de toma de decisiones y reducir la intervención humana, las herramientas de evaluación, reparación, transformación y filtrado incorporan técnicas de automatización basadas en conceptos de inteligencia artificial. En este trabajo, se presentan y describen los enfoques y/o herramientas basados en agentes inteligentes y luego se propone una comparativa para analizar las contribuciones que estos hacen a la mejora de la accesibilidad, ya sea aplicando técnicas propias o las Web Content Accessibility Guidelines propuestas por el consorcio W3C.

  15. Método de Evaluación Dinámica de Planes en Sistemas Inteligentes Autónomos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ezequiel González

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available La característica principal de los sistemas inteligentes autónomos es que son capaces de auto proponerse planes, de ejecutarlos y de retroalimentar su base de conocimiento a partir de la información que extraen del entorno. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de los métodos de aprendizaje y planificación de dichos sistemas, para luego centrar la investigación sobre la arquitectura LOPE. Aunque publicaciones posteriores implementaron modificaciones y extensiones que lograron mejorar su rendimiento, se han identificado ciertos aspectos del modelo que aún no han sido abordados. Por tal motivo, se proponen mejoras para ser aplicadas dentro de los módulos de planificación y aprendizaje, como también refinamientos al proceso de control y ejecución. Además, se elabora un indicador que permite una evaluación integral de la arquitectura y una comparación objetiva de los resultados alcanzados con las distintas mejoras aplicadas, en relación al diseño original.

  16. Modelo de simulación basado en agentes de software inteligentes para el aprendizaje de estrategias de comercialización de energía eléctrica en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Moreno Cadavid, Julián

    2007-01-01

    El alto nivel de competencia introducido en los mercados eléctricos alrededor del mundo a raíz de su liberación ha obligado a las diversas empresas que hacen parte estos mercados, y en particular a aquellas que se dedican al negocio de la comercialización, a desarrollar estrategias inteligentes que les permitan posicionarse de manera eficiente y perdurable. El mercado eléctrico colombiano no es ajeno a este panorama por lo que en esta tesis se proponen una serie de modelos que a partir de la ...

  17. Investments

    CERN Document Server

    Bodie, Zvi

    2013-01-01

    The integrated solutions for Bodie, Kane, and Marcus' Investments set the standard for graduate/MBA investments textbooks. The unifying theme is that security markets are nearly efficient, meaning that most securities are priced appropriately given their risk and return attributes. The content places greater emphasis on asset allocation and offers a much broader and deeper treatment of futures, options, and other derivative security markets than most investment texts. McGraw-Hill's adaptive learning component, LearnSmart, provides assignable modules that help students master chapter core concepts and come to class more prepared. Bodie Investments' blend of practical and theoretical coverage combines with a complete digital solution to help your students achieve higher outcomes in the course

  18. Intelligent tutorial system for selftraining in tuning of control systems; Sistema tutorial inteligente para el autoentrenamiento en sintonizacion de sistemas de control

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Romero Jimenez, Guillermo; Perez Ocampo, Maria Concepcion [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

    1999-07-01

    In this paper the design, development and validation of an intelligent tutorial system oriented to the instruction of techniques of tuning of control systems is described. This system is based on systems previously developed in the Simulation Unit of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE). The designed system accounts with four modules: of knowledge, the student model, of tutor and of interface, basic characteristics that allows to locate this system in the context of the intelligent tutorial systems. In this system in particular, the knowledge module was only modified, because advantage is taken of the existing structure to incorporate a new dominion of application: the one of the techniques of tuning of control systems. The system maintains the characteristic that it can also be used as a consultation system. In addition to the design and validation of the tutorial system, when following the methodology of processing the degree of generality of the developed system, was evaluated, taking into account the evaluation and quantification of metrics that the engineering software proposes. [Spanish] En este trabajo se describen el diseno, el desarrollo y la validacion de un sistema tutorial inteligente orientado a la instruccion de tecnicas de sintonizacion de sistemas de control. Este sistema esta basado en sistemas desarrollados anteriormente en la Unidad de Simulacion del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE). El sistema disenado cuenta con cuatro modulos: de conocimiento, del modelo del estudiante, de tutor y de interfaz, caracteristica principal que permite ubicar a este sistema en el contexto de los sistemas tutoriales inteligentes. En este sistema en particular solo se modifica el modulo de conocimiento, pues se aprovecha la estructura existente para incorporar un nuevo dominio de aplicacion: el de las tecnicas de sintonizacion de sistemas de control. El sistema mantiene la caracteristica de que tambien puede utilizarse como un sistema de

  19. Aplicación de Tecnologías Inteligentes para el Estudio de Conductas de Robots Móviles en Ambientes de Trabajo con Obstáculos Fijos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Hossian

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available La Inteligencia Artificial (IA encuentra sus raíces en distintos mitos y leyendas a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. De manera tal que con el transcurso del tiempo, la IA se ha ido nutriendo de un variopinto espectro de tecnologías; las cuales han sido y siguen siendo de suma utilidad en distintas áreas disciplinares. A tal efecto, y este es el caso del presente artículo, corresponde citar el área de estudio de la navegación de robots móviles, cuyos tópicos de investigación constituyen un aporte sustancial en distintos sectores del desarrollo (industriales, medicinales, seguridad, aeroespacial, entre otros. El presente trabajo centra su análisis en el comportamiento que registran los robots móviles en ambientes de navegación estructurados, en los cuales los obstáculos permanecen fijos mientras el robot realiza las acciones requeridas por el usuario. Los primeros experimentos tuvieron como soporte la aplicación de las Tecnologías Inteligentes de las Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA, los cuales se focalizaron en la implementación del algoritmo de aprendizaje supervisado de retropropagación del error (backpropagation. Actualmente, y con el propósito de mejorar la performance del vehículo robótico con la tecnología aplicada, se realizan experimentos mediante la aplicación de algoritmos inteligentes de carácter deliberativo, los cuales se orientan hacia la planificación de las tareas que el robot debe realizar dentro de su entorno de operación.

  20. Investment Avenues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jain, Priyanka

    2012-11-01

    Investors are a heterogeneous group, they may be large or small, rich or poor, expert or lay man and not all investors need equal degree of protection (Mayya, 1996). An investor has three objectives while investing his money, namely safety of invested money, liquidity position of invested money and return on investment. The return on investment may further be divided into capital gain and the rate of return on investment as interest or dividend. Among all investment options available, securities are considered the most challenging as well as rewarding. Securities include shares, debentures, derivatives, units of mutual funds, Government securities etc. An investor may be an individual or corporate legal entity investing funds with a view to derive maximum economic advantage from investment such as rate of return, capital appreciation, marketability, tax advantage and convenience of investment.The Capital market facilitates mobilization of savings of individuals and pools them into reservoir of capital which can be used for the economic development of a country. An efficient capital market is essential for raising capital by the corporate sector of the economy and for the protection of the interest of investors in corporate securities. There arises a need to strike a balance between raising of capital for economic development on one side and protection of investors on the other. Unless the interests of investors are protected, raising of capital, by corporates is not possible. Like, the primary objective of a senior citizenís asset allocation is the generation of regular income.

  1. Are Foreign Investments Replacing Domestic Investments? - Evidence from Finnish Manufacturing

    OpenAIRE

    Oksanen, Olli-Pekka

    2006-01-01

    This study analyses the relationship between firms’ foreign and domestic investments using a panel dataset containing 218 Finnish manufacturing firms during the years 1998-2002. The study examines whether foreign investments increase or decrease domestic investments and whether the effect varies between investments directed to developed markets or emerging markets. Financial constraints’ effect on the relationship is also investigated. The empirical part estimates an empirical investment equa...

  2. El concepto ciencia en la hipótesis del diseño inteligente, según la sentencia Tammy Kitzmiller et al. vs. Dover Area School District

    OpenAIRE

    Claramonte Sanz, Vicente

    2010-01-01

    PLANTEAMIENTO. La presente tesis doctoral propone una discusión crítica sobre si la hipótesis del diseño inteligente puede ser calificada, desde un punto de vista técnico-filosófico, como un discurso científico, o por el contrario pseudocientífico. Los parámetros de la discusión caen dentro del área de Filosofía de la Ciencia y subárea de Filosofía de la Biología, tratando de señalar las inconsistencias teóricas y empíricas del antievolucionismo, en el marco del debate entre evolucionismo y c...

  3. Enfoque de las organizaciones inteligentes en la implementación de nuevas técnicas de dirección en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César A. Valecillos

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como propósito destacar los aportes que ofrece el Enfoque de las Organizaciones Inteligentes en relación al cambio y al manejo de las resistencias involucrados en la implementación de técnicas de dirección en las PYMES. El método empleado se basó en el análisis de planteamientos de autores de literatura vinculada con el tema. Entre los factores encontrados que operan negativamente para invertir en nuevas herramientas de dirección, cabe destacar: el enfoque de gestión tradicional que prevalece en el sistema de creencias de los propietarios, la cultura organizacional y el desconocimiento de una metodología adecuada para el diagnóstico y administración de los cambios implícitos en la implementación de nuevas tecnologías. Se concluye que entre las respuestas que ofrece el enfoque de las organizaciones inteligentes, resaltan: facilitar procesos de aprendizaje organizacional en el dueño y líderes para involucrar y crear los compromisos necesarios para modelar e impulsar las nuevas tecnologías, intervenir en el sistema humano cultural de manera que el cambio no se perciba como una amenaza sino como una oportunidad para el crecimiento personal y el desarrollo organizacional y considerar la metodología de análisis de flujos para el diagnóstico, planificación y seguimiento de los cambios asociados en la implementación.

  4. Smart transmission grids - benefits and risks; Redes de transmision inteligente. Beneficios y riesgos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Velasco-Ramirez, E.; Angeles-Camacho, C. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mails: TVelascoR@iingen.unam.mx; CAngelesC@ii.unam.mx; Garcia-Martinez, M. [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: mgarciam@ittoluca.edu.mx

    2013-01-15

    Nowadays the Power Systems are working near their stability limits, for this reason it is necessary and essential a transition to new transmission systems that ensure efficient delivery of electrical energy, with the objective to prevent blackouts that cause significant losses in the economy of any country in the world. This paper analyzes important elements to consider having a healthy and efficient transition from a power grid vertically integrated into a smart transmission grid. A comparative analysis in the model, development, benefits and risks of the implementation of these systems, between two of the main marc of references of smart grids, the EU and the USA is presented. [Spanish] Actualmente los sistemas electricos operan cada vez mas cercanos a sus limites de estabilidad, es por ello que se hace necesaria y primordial la transicion hacia nuevos sistemas de transmision que garanticen la eficiente entrega de la energia electrica, evitando con ello cortes de energia que generan importantes perdidas en la economia de cualquier pais del mundo. En este documento se realiza un analisis de los elementos necesarios para una sana y eficiente transicion de una red de transmision electrica verticalmente, integrada hacia una red de transmision inteligente. Se presenta un analisis comparativo entre dos de los marcos de referencia mas importantes, el de la UE y el de EUA, en el modelo, desarrollo, beneficios y riesgos en la implementacion de estos sistemas.

  5. Sistema Inteligente de Supervisión de Alarmas Basado en Microcontroladores PIC, SISAP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ioslán Sánchez Martínez

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} En este artículo se describe hasta la etapa presente de desarrollo del prototipo SISAP (Sistema Inteligente de Supervisión de Alarmas basado en Microcontroladores PICs desarrollado a partir de una propuesta de la Dirección Territorial de ETECSA de Sancti Spíritus con el fin de incrementar las prestaciones de los sistemas instalados para la supervisión de alarmas tecnológicas en centros no atendidos del territorio.  El dispositivo SISAP se encuentra en la versión de desarrollo 0.5 en estado “no concluido”. Hasta este punto es capaz de manejar hasta 40 eventos, que pueden ser on/off o nivele de voltaje y transmitirlos a través de una interfaz telefónica utilizando un protocolo de tonos DTMF. Palabras Clave: Alarmas, Microcontrolador PIC, Voltajes, Eventos on/off, Tonos DTMF.

  6. Investigación en Progreso: Sistemas Inteligentes en Arquitecturas de Motores para Videojuegos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernan Merlino

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available La industria de productos lúdicos informatizados (más conocidos como videojuegos es una de las actividades económicas de mayor crecimiento en los últimos años. Durante el 2006, en los Estados Unidos los ingresos por videojuegos excedieron por primera vez en la historia a los del cine. Sin embargo, a pesar del auge en este mercado, todavía existen más ofertas de empleo que personas preparadas para ocuparlos. Para lograr el desarrollo de un videojuego se requiere de diversos conocimientos, como ser, diseño multimedial, manejo de lenguajes de programación especifica, uso de plataformas de actividades lúdicas, entre otros; sumado a estas actividades es necesario dotar al videojuego con un grado de inteligencia que lo haga no determinista; logrando que los jugadores mantengan durante una mayor cantidad de tiempo el interés por el mismo, pues de no ser así, los jugadores solo lo utilizarían hasta llegar hasta comprender la lógica de funcionamiento y perderian el interés por el videojuego. Es por esto que es de interés para la industria del video juego el desarrollo de motores basados en sistemas inteligentes tomando la experiencia adquirida en otros dominios, como ser, robótica, minería de datos y control de procesos, haciendo las adaptaciones necesarias al dominio en cuestión..

  7. Intelligent Organization in a Learning Environment: an Exploration of its General Aspects La organización inteligente en un ambiente de aprendizaje: una exploración de sus aspectos generales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noé Chávez Hernández

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available This article provides an overview of the important aspects to be considered within learning organizations focused on continuous learning at the individual, group and organizational level, in order to develop the necessary competences and face their environment in a competitive way. This article aims to present several topics covered, from its introduction and identification of knowledge attributes and learning, until what is an intelligent organization, the structural design to be adopted as well as the skills of management to be implemented. The intention of this paper is to contribute to the stock of current theoretical information that serves as a reference for the practical research of the academics.Este artículo es un estudio de los aspectos que deben ser considerados dentro de las organizaciones inteligentes cuyo enfoque se centra en el aprendizaje constante (tanto individual como organizacional como una estrategia para desarrollar las competencias que les permitan enfrentar el entorno de una manera competitiva. Al exponer dichas temáticas, desde la presentación e identificación de las características del conocimiento y el aprendizaje dentro de una organización inteligente, hasta el diseño estructural a adoptar y las habilidades de gestión gerencial a ejecutar, nuestra intención es contribuir a la aplicación del conocimiento dentro del ámbito de la gestión empresarial.

  8. Foreign Direct Investment versus Portfolio Investment : A Global Games Approach

    OpenAIRE

    Yamin Ahmad; Pietro Cova; Rodrigo Harrison

    2004-01-01

    We present a model of investment under uncertainty about fundamentals, using a global games approach. Goldstein & Razin (2003) show that there is an information based trade-off between foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment (PI) which rationalizes some well known stylised facts in the literature - the relative volatility and reversibility of foreign direct investment versus portfolio investment. We extend their result and show that uncertainty about fundamentals does not imp...

  9. Inverse photoemission

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Namatame, Hirofumi; Taniguchi, Masaki

    1994-01-01

    Photoelectron spectroscopy is regarded as the most powerful means since it can measure almost perfectly the occupied electron state. On the other hand, inverse photoelectron spectroscopy is the technique for measuring unoccupied electron state by using the inverse process of photoelectron spectroscopy, and in principle, the similar experiment to photoelectron spectroscopy becomes feasible. The development of the experimental technology for inverse photoelectron spectroscopy has been carried out energetically by many research groups so far. At present, the heightening of resolution of inverse photoelectron spectroscopy, the development of inverse photoelectron spectroscope in which light energy is variable and so on are carried out. But the inverse photoelectron spectroscope for vacuum ultraviolet region is not on the market. In this report, the principle of inverse photoelectron spectroscopy and the present state of the spectroscope are described, and the direction of the development hereafter is groped. As the experimental equipment, electron guns, light detectors and so on are explained. As the examples of the experiment, the inverse photoelectron spectroscopy of semimagnetic semiconductors and resonance inverse photoelectron spectroscopy are reported. (K.I.)

  10. Sustainable Markets Investment Briefings: Foreign investment contracts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cotula, Lorenzo

    2007-08-15

    This is the fourth of a series of briefings which discuss the sustainable development issues raised by legal arrangements for the protection of foreign investment. The briefings are based on legal research by IIED and its partners. The goal is to provide accessible but accurate information for human rights, development and environmental organisations working on issues raised by foreign investment in low- and middle-income countries. Briefing 4 sets out some of the ways in which foreign investment contracts can impact on sustainable development.

  11. Optimal Responsible Investment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jessen, Pernille

    Numerous institutions are now engaged in Socially Responsible Investment or have signed the "UN Principles for Responsible Investment". Retail investors, however, are still lacking behind. This is peculiar since the sector constitutes key stakeholders in environmental, social and governmental...... standards. This paper considers optimal responsible investment for a small retail investor. It extends conventional portfolio theory by allowing for a personal-value based investment decision. Preferences for responsibility are defined in the framework of mean-variance analysis and an optimal responsible...... investment model identified. Implications of the altered investment problem are investigated when the dynamics between portfolio risk, expected return and responsibility is considered. Relying on the definition of a responsible investor, it is shown how superior investment opportunities can emerge when...

  12. 78 FR 77377 - Small Business Investment Companies-Investments in Passive Businesses

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-12-23

    ... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 13 CFR Part 107 RIN 3245-AG57 Small Business Investment Companies--Investments in Passive Businesses AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY... Investment Company (SBIC) program concerning investments in passive businesses. SBICs are generally...

  13. Ranking independent timber investments by alternative investment criteria

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thomas J. Mills; Gary E. Dixon

    1982-01-01

    A sample of 231 independent timber investments were ranked by internal rate of return, present net worth per acre and the benefit cost ratio—the last two discounted by 3, 6.4. 7.5. and 10 percent—to determine if the different criteria had a practical influence on timber investment ranking. The samples in this study were drawn from a group of timber investments...

  14. 76 FR 2029 - Small Business Investment Companies-Energy Saving Qualified Investments

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-12

    ... 3245-AF86 Small Business Investment Companies--Energy Saving Qualified Investments AGENCY: U.S. Small... Administration (SBA) is setting forth the new defined terms, ``Energy Saving Qualified Investment'' and ``Energy Saving Activities'', for the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) Program. The new definitions are...

  15. Responsible Investment: Taxes and Paradoxes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Knuutinen Reijo

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Taxes have become an issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR, but the role of taxation is to some extent an ambiguous and controversial issue in the CSR framework. Similarly, another unclear question is what role investors who are committed to sustainable and responsible investment (SRI see taxes as having on their environmental, social, and governance (ESG agenda. Corporate taxes have an inverse relationship with the return of the investors: taxes paid directly affect what is left on the bottom line, reducing the return of investors. However, investors are now more aware of tax-related risks, which can include different forms of reputation risk. Corporate tax planning may increase the returns, but those increased returns are riskier. This study focuses particularly on the relationship between SRI and taxation. We find that tax matters are considered to be on the ESG agenda, but their role and significance in the ESG analysis is unclear.

  16. Calculation of the inverse data space via sparse inversion

    KAUST Repository

    Saragiotis, Christos

    2011-01-01

    The inverse data space provides a natural separation of primaries and surface-related multiples, as the surface multiples map onto the area around the origin while the primaries map elsewhere. However, the calculation of the inverse data is far from trivial as theory requires infinite time and offset recording. Furthermore regularization issues arise during inversion. We perform the inversion by minimizing the least-squares norm of the misfit function by constraining the $ell_1$ norm of the solution, being the inverse data space. In this way a sparse inversion approach is obtained. We show results on field data with an application to surface multiple removal.

  17. 12 CFR 703.5 - Discretionary control over investments and investment advisers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Discretionary control over investments and investment advisers. 703.5 Section 703.5 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INVESTMENT AND DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES § 703.5 Discretionary control over investments and...

  18. Trends in Business Investment

    OpenAIRE

    Lydon, Reamonn; Scally, John

    2014-01-01

    This article examines trends in business investment in Ireland. Consistent with the international evidence on investment cycles, we show that business investment in Ireland exhibits large cyclical movements around a long-run trend relative to GDP. Changes in business investment broadly coincide with the overall business cycle, although swings in investment tend to be far greater, with extended periods of both over- and under-investment relative to GDP. The sharp fall in business investment si...

  19. Giga-Investments: Modelling the Valuation of Very Large Industrial Real Investments

    OpenAIRE

    Collan, Mikael

    2004-01-01

    In this doctoral dissertation characteristics of very large industrial real investments (VLIRI) are investigated and a special group of VLIRI is defined as giga-investments. The investment decision-making regarding to giga-investments is discussed from the points of view of discounted cash-flow based methods and real option valuation. Based on the bacground of establishing giga-investments, state-of-the-art in capital budgeting (including real options) and by applying fuzzy numbers a novel me...

  20. Investments

    CERN Document Server

    Bodie, Zvi; Marcus, Alan J.

    2017-01-01

    The integrated solutions for Bodie, Kane, and Marcus' Investments set the standard for graduate/MBA investments textbooks. The unifying theme is that security markets are nearly efficient, meaning that most securities are priced appropriately given their risk and return attributes. The content places greater emphasis on asset allocation and offers a much broader and deeper treatment of futures, options, and other derivative security markets than most investment texts. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, and how they need it, so that your class time is more engaging and effective.

  1. ESG Integration and the Investment Management Process : Fundamental Investing Reinvented

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Duuren, Emiel; Plantinga, Auke; Scholtens, Bert

    2016-01-01

    We investigate how conventional asset managers account for environmental, social and governance factors (ESG) in their investment process. We do so on the basis of an international survey among fund managers. We find that many conventional managers integrate responsible investing in their investment

  2. GREEN INVESTMENT: A STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INVESTMENT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaya Shukla

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Sustainable economic development has become an important area of concern due to climatic change with its long term effects. Climatic change has posed several challenges for economic sustainability of economies. Now major development projects have to comply with international environmental norms. Failure to do so may result in the delay of a project, fines including penalties for environmental damage or charges for remedial action, that affect the viability of a project or the value of any security taken. This paper investigates with help of secondary date using descriptive statistical technique opportunities and challenges of green investment. Here it is developed into suitable model for developing economies for successfully adopting green investment without much cost to their economies. The paper concludes that green investment involving direct investment and portfolio investment in firms adopting and following environmental protection norms will lead to sustainable growth and investment for economy.

  3. RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INVESTMENTS IN STRUCTURED INVESTMENT PRODUCTS, SELECTION CRITERIA OF SIP`S

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignatyuk Aleksandr Sergeevich

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Purpose To identify and classify the major risks affecting on the structured investment products, to submit proposals to limit their impact. Methodology The work is based on a studying of the practice of investments in structured investment products, detection and investigation of sources of market risk of structured investment products. Results Structured investment products, as any other investment product, has a significant set of risks that could affect to a large extent on its evaluation and determine the behavior of the investor. Financial engineers have the ability to control most of these risks, as well as to limit their impact. Thus, the structured investment product, unlike most classic investment instruments can provide investors with highly transparent mechanism to determining the ratio of investment risk and potential income. Practical implications The results can be used in a scientific investigation of the phenomenon of structured investment products, as well as practical work on the formation of the structured products by investment banks and brokerage firms.

  4. Social Impact Investment: Increasing Private Sector Investment to ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    The social impact investment market is now global in scope and it is rapidly expanding in some ... of social impact investing to address environmental, social, and economic challenges. ... New project to improve water management in the Sahel.

  5. Environmental proxies of antigen exposure explain variation in immune investment better than indices of pace of life.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horrocks, Nicholas P C; Hegemann, Arne; Ostrowski, Stéphane; Ndithia, Henry; Shobrak, Mohammed; Williams, Joseph B; Matson, Kevin D; Tieleman, B I

    2015-01-01

    Investment in immune defences is predicted to covary with a variety of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant axes, with pace of life and environmental antigen exposure being two examples. These axes may themselves covary directly or inversely, and such relationships can lead to conflicting predictions regarding immune investment. If pace of life shapes immune investment then, following life history theory, slow-living, arid zone and tropical species should invest more in immunity than fast-living temperate species. Alternatively, if antigen exposure drives immune investment, then species in antigen-rich tropical and temperate environments are predicted to exhibit higher immune indices than species from antigen-poor arid locations. To test these contrasting predictions we investigated how variation in pace of life and antigen exposure influence immune investment in related lark species (Alaudidae) with differing life histories and predicted risks of exposure to environmental microbes and parasites. We used clutch size and total number of eggs laid per year as indicators of pace of life, and aridity, and the climatic variables that influence aridity, as correlates of antigen abundance. We quantified immune investment by measuring four indices of innate immunity. Pace of life explained little of the variation in immune investment, and only one immune measure correlated significantly with pace of life, but not in the predicted direction. Conversely, aridity, our proxy for environmental antigen exposure, was predictive of immune investment, and larks in more mesic environments had higher immune indices than those living in arid, low-risk locations. Our study suggests that abiotic environmental variables with strong ties to environmental antigen exposure can be important correlates of immunological variation.

  6. Optimal Responsible Investment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jessen, Pernille

    The paper studies retail Socially Responsible Investment and portfolio allocation. It extends conventional portfolio theory by allowing for a personal value based investment decision. When preferences for responsibility enter the framework for mean-variance analysis, it yields an optimal...... responsible investment model. An example of index investing illustrates the theory. Results show that it is crucial for the responsible investor to consider portfolio risk, expected return, and responsibility simultaneously in order to obtain an optimal portfolio. The model enables responsible investors...

  7. La realidad virtual inmersiva en ambientes inteligentes de aprendizaje. Un caso en la educación superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alma Lilia González Aspera

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available La actividad docente ha sido replanteada al encontrarse de frente con una ola de cambios entre los cuales la tecnología informática obliga a buscar nuevas formas y entornos de aprendizaje, permitiendo al profesor establecer estratégias y recursos que favorecen el proceso educativo. La elaboración de instrumentos pedagógicos que integren el uso de Realidad Virtual (RV pueden lograr una comunicación multisensorial efectiva en las aulas, considerando que los alumnos tienen diversas habilidades de aprendizaje: Visuales, Auditivas, de lectura y Kinestesicas (VARK y éste trabajo propone el aprovechamiento de las mismas por medio de un banco de escenarios de RV unido a un sistema de administración, este sistema trabaja bajo un ambiente inmersivo e inteligente con la utilización de cabinas, guantes y visores, de manera que el sistema detecta de forma natural la presencia del alumno que porta en su credencial una etiqueta de identificación por radiofrecuencia (RFDI y una vez identificado el sistema de información le provee de recursos de RV acorde a sus habilidades de aprendizaje. En este artículo describe los aspectos en los que se basa el proyecto y los resultados obtenidos en su aplicación.

  8. INVESTMENT FUNDS IN ROMANIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    COPIL CRINA ANGELA

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available I chose this topic because my goal was to capture in detail all aspects of the evolution of investment funds under the influence of factors leading to globalization of the banking financial market. Main motivation was that I proposed to present in an original manner the concept of investment in mutual funds by the thoroughness of the following points: the different types of investment funds from Romania, the advantages, the risks and the specific costs of the investment in mutual funds and the effects of the financial crisis on the industry of the investment funds on the national level. The financial crisis and the risk of infecting the global economy affected the taste of risk of the investors and their request for the investment fund, determining the orientation of the investors to the funds with a lower risk – the diversified funds, the funds of bonds and the monetary funds. I considered important the theoretical approach of the concept of investments in investment funds because they are a barometer of the macro economical stability, in case the economical increase is positive on the macro economical level the investments in investments funds are increasing too. In Romania the market of the mutual funds is at an incipient level, but with potential and perspectives of development. Due to the bankruptcy of FNI in the beginning of the years 2000 and due to the absence of a clear legislation regarding the calculation of the unitary value of the net asset and the control of the activity developed by the investment funds, the development of the industry of the investment funds had to fight against the crisis of credibility generated by these events. The convergence of the Romanian economy to the European standards will attract also a modification of the structure of the financial investments of the individuals, by an increase of the investments in funds. In the world the investment funds are preferred by the investors for their advantages

  9. Angle-domain inverse scattering migration/inversion in isotropic media

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Wuqun; Mao, Weijian; Li, Xuelei; Ouyang, Wei; Liang, Quan

    2018-07-01

    The classical seismic asymptotic inversion can be transformed into a problem of inversion of generalized Radon transform (GRT). In such methods, the combined parameters are linearly attached to the scattered wave-field by Born approximation and recovered by applying an inverse GRT operator to the scattered wave-field data. Typical GRT-style true-amplitude inversion procedure contains an amplitude compensation process after the weighted migration via dividing an illumination associated matrix whose elements are integrals of scattering angles. It is intuitional to some extent that performs the generalized linear inversion and the inversion of GRT together by this process for direct inversion. However, it is imprecise to carry out such operation when the illumination at the image point is limited, which easily leads to the inaccuracy and instability of the matrix. This paper formulates the GRT true-amplitude inversion framework in an angle-domain version, which naturally degrades the external integral term related to the illumination in the conventional case. We solve the linearized integral equation for combined parameters of different fixed scattering angle values. With this step, we obtain high-quality angle-domain common-image gathers (CIGs) in the migration loop which provide correct amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) behavior and reasonable illumination range for subsurface image points. Then we deal with the over-determined problem to solve each parameter in the combination by a standard optimization operation. The angle-domain GRT inversion method keeps away from calculating the inaccurate and unstable illumination matrix. Compared with the conventional method, the angle-domain method can obtain more accurate amplitude information and wider amplitude-preserved range. Several model tests demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability.

  10. Sistema embebido orientado a bebés en etapa de gateo para prevención de accidentes aplicado en un textil inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inti Javier Chico Morales

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available El gateo de los bebés es la forma de descubrir y aprender sus funciones motoras, cognitivas, sociales, emocionales, entre otros. Debido a esto, los infantes se exponen a diferentes peligros como: caídas, quemaduras, lesiones corporales entre las más comunes, donde el hogar es el lugar de mayores incidentes. Debido a lo antes expuesto, la presente investigación se enfoca en el desarrollo de un sistema embebido dentro de un textil inteligente que permita advertir y prevenir accidentes. El sistema se encuentra en una prenda de vestir en forma de arnés que cuentan con una conexión con rodilleras de gateo con sensores magnéticos. Estos elementos son los encargados de detectar cintas de seguridad magnéticas colocadas previamente en lugares de mayor peligro en el hogar. Como resultado, el sistema emite una alerta con un tiempo de reacción de 7,6 segundos, después de ser activado el sistema.

  11. RUSSIAN INDUSTRY INVESTMENT SITUATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. V. Pochukaeva

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The actual deficiency of investment into Russian industry innovative development increases its technological drag from industries of countries with developed markets. Although the rate of investment into real sectors of Russian economics mid 2000 was higher compared to the previous period, annual investment amounts were much lower than in 1990. At present, highest investment amounts are directed to industry extractive branches and to the commerce. Amounts invested to various economy branches do not correspond to their contribution to the country’sGross Added Product; particularly underinvested are manufacturing industry branches. At present, foreign share in the country economy total investment makes 15–18%. Recently, most interesting for foreigners was investment to machine-building branches with overwhelming part (for example, 90% in 2007–2008 of foreign investment into the machine-building industry being directed to creation of new automobile plants. Today, first place in the list of foreign investors’ preferences in Russia is taken by the machine-tool construction sector.

  12. Investment and uncertainty

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Greasley, David; Madsen, Jakob B.

    2006-01-01

    A severe collapse of fixed capital formation distinguished the onset of the Great Depression from other investment downturns between the world wars. Using a model estimated for the years 1890-2000, we show that the expected profitability of capital measured by Tobin's q, and the uncertainty...... surrounding expected profits indicated by share price volatility, were the chief influences on investment levels, and that heightened share price volatility played the dominant role in the crucial investment collapse in 1930. Investment did not simply follow the downward course of income at the onset...

  13. Determinants of Discretionary Investments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. S. Sujit

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Theoretical and empirical studies have focused on discretionary investments such as research and development (R&D and advertisement as value-creating activities. This empirical research article examines the determinants of the discretionary investment policy of food sector firms in India. The study aims to analyze the impact of financial policies and firm characteristics on the discretionary investment strategy of the food industry firms. The article uses the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM to understand the drivers of discretionary investment policy of food sector firms. The study finds that investment policy of firms is a major determinant of profitability of food sector firms. Higher investments in capital expenditures and working capital result in higher profitability. Management efficiency significantly influences firm profitability. The results suggest that riskier firms in food sector might focus on R&D investments as a strategy to generate more cash flows. Size of firm is negatively related to R&D intensity. Smaller firms in food sector tend to invest more in R&D. The study does not provide evidence to suggest that profitable firms invest more in R&D activities.

  14. 17 CFR 270.17f-2 - Custody of investments by registered management investment company.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... registered management investment company. 270.17f-2 Section 270.17f-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges....17f-2 Custody of investments by registered management investment company. (a) The securities and similar investments of a registered management investment company may be maintained in the custody of such...

  15. Estudio para la implementación de armarios inteligentes en la red telefónica de la Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones E.P. del cantón Azogues para brindar servicio triple play

    OpenAIRE

    Sigüencia Lozano, Jorge Luis; Villacreses Novillo, Marco Antonio

    2011-01-01

    La demanda de servicios de banda ancha en la actualidad ha tenido un enorme crecimiento debido a la evolución en las telecomunicaciones por lo que los usuarios requieren nuevos servicios de mayor ancho de banda, por lo que la empresa CNT EP pretende implementar el servicio triple play, para lo cual se planteó como solución en la Red Telefónica de la CNT EP Azogues la implementación de armarios inteligentes con la tecnología de acceso VDSL. Por las ventajas que brinda VDSL al permitir gran...

  16. Minimal investment risk of a portfolio optimization problem with budget and investment concentration constraints

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shinzato, Takashi

    2017-02-01

    In the present paper, the minimal investment risk for a portfolio optimization problem with imposed budget and investment concentration constraints is considered using replica analysis. Since the minimal investment risk is influenced by the investment concentration constraint (as well as the budget constraint), it is intuitive that the minimal investment risk for the problem with an investment concentration constraint can be larger than that without the constraint (that is, with only the budget constraint). Moreover, a numerical experiment shows the effectiveness of our proposed analysis. In contrast, the standard operations research approach failed to identify accurately the minimal investment risk of the portfolio optimization problem.

  17. Sistema autenticador e transmissor (SAT): modelo tecnológico de automação e controle de processos em cidades inteligentes com exemplo de aplicação ao setor tributário.

    OpenAIRE

    Vidal Augusto Zapparoli Castro Melo

    2015-01-01

    Na tese, é proposta a construção do Sistema Autenticador e Transmissor (SAT), um modelo tecnológico de automação e controle de processos em cidades inteligentes, alicerçado em propriedades voltadas a uma aplicação transversal em setores que demandam, de um lado, geração de dados em campo com estabelecimento de regras e garantia de autenticidade e confidencialidade; de outro, transmissão segura a um ou mais controles centrais. Como exemplo de aplicação, o modelo é avaliado pela execução de pro...

  18. [Are investment activity and backlog in investments risks for university medicine in Germany?].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amann, I; Heyder, R; Strehl, R

    2009-08-01

    University medicine in Germany requires significantly higher funding and investment because its tasks not only include health care but also research and teaching. However, over recent decades less and less funding compared to the development of the turnover has been available. This trend is due to decreasing public funding. The diminishing funding has caused a major backlog of investment at German university hospitals. The first part of the article summarizes the investments policies at university hospitals and other hospitals. The second part describes the investment needs in university medicine and exposes risk factors for research, education and health care due to the process of investment planning and realization. Goal-oriented solutions are shown to facilitate investments. The third part discusses several risks caused by insufficient investments in university medicine. There are special risks for research, teaching, and the capacity for innovation in university medicine besides economical and medical risks. Some policies and financial strategies to overcome the backlog in investments are presented. After a summary, the article concludes with some practical examples of further measures to ensure sustainable funding.

  19. Foreign direct investment vs domestic investment across the European Union. Case study: Romania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romeo Victor IONESCU

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available The paper deals with the idea that investment process is important not only for the economic growth, but for the global integration. There is a powerful connection between FDI and domestic investments. As a result, the analysis is focused on FDI flows in EU28 and Euro area. The comparative analysis is followed by regression, in order to point out the disparities between Member States and their trend. The average value of inward and outward FDI flows is analysed using FDI intensity. A distinct part of the paper is focused on domestic investment process and analyses total investment, investment in construction and investment in equipment. The analysis is supported by the latest official statistical data, pertinent diagrams and tables. The main conclusion of the paper is that the economic crisis in Europe led to a decrease in FDI and domestic investment flows.

  20. Tariffs and investments at the Brazilian electric sector; Tarifas e investimentos no setor eletrico brasileiro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vela, Jorge Alberto Alcala; Almeida, Denizart do Rosario [ELETROBRAS - Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2006-07-01

    The objective of the work is to identify the impacts of the variations in the tariffs of the electricity on the standard of growth of the consumption of electric energy, and the role that these variations had exerted in the allocation of resources by the companies of the sector, in the period 1995-2004. In this period, changes in the habits of consumption of energy due the adopted during the rationing, explain, in part, the reduction of the income-elasticity of the consumption of electric energy, but the contribution of a significant effect-price was important for this reduction. Also are evidenced, in this work, the categories of use and the regions that had more contributed for this effect. For the allocation of resources, from 1998 a decline of the participation of the investments in the sector in the total of investments of the economy is observed, with the companies of the sector presenting differentiated behaviors visibly. The companies of distribution apparently more privileged for the formation of resources, have presented, in the recent years, a declining evolution in its rate of investments when compared with the others segments. Among the determinative factors of the decisions of investment of the companies of distribution, can be mentioned the change in the standard of growth of the consumption and the effect of the evolution of the opportunity cost of the inversions. (author)

  1. 76 FR 15057 - Notice of Proposed Exemption; BlackRock, Inc. and Its Investment Advisory, Investment Management...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-18

    ... Administration Notice of Proposed Exemption; BlackRock, Inc. and Its Investment Advisory, Investment Management...; BlackRock, Inc. and Its Investment Advisory, Investment Management and Broker-Dealer Affiliates and... its investment advisory, investment management and broker-dealer affiliates and their successors. The...

  2. Inversions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Malcolm

    2009-01-01

    Inversions are fascinating phenomena. They are reversals of the normal or expected order. They occur across a wide variety of contexts. What do inversions have to do with learning spaces? The author suggests that they are a useful metaphor for the process that is unfolding in higher education with respect to education. On the basis of…

  3. Action Investment Energy Games

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Kim Guldstrand; Laursen, Simon; Srba, Jiri

    2012-01-01

    We introduce the formalism of action investment energy games where we study the trade-off between investments limited by given budgets and resource constrained (energy) behavior of the underlying system. More specifically, we consider energy games extended with costs of enabling actions and fixed...... budgets for each player. We ask the question whether for any Player 2 investment there exists a Player 1 investment such that Player 1 wins the resulting energy game. We study the action investment energy game for energy intervals with both upper and lower bounds, and with a lower bound only, and give...

  4. Federal Investment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campbell, Sheila; Tawil, Natalie

    2013-01-01

    The federal government pays for a wide range of goods and services that are expected to be useful some years in the future. Those purchases, called investment, fall into three categories: physical capital, research and development (R&D), and education and training. There are several economic rationales for federal investment. It can provide…

  5. Investment in flood protection measures under climate change uncertainty. An investment decision

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bruin, Karianne de

    2012-11-01

    Recent river flooding in Europe has triggered debates among scientists and policymakers on future projections of flood frequency and the need for adaptive investments, such as flood protection measures. Because there exists uncertainty about the impact of climate change of flood risk, such investments require a careful analysis of expected benefits and costs. The objective of this paper is to show how climate change uncertainty affects the decision to invest in flood protection measures. We develop a model that simulates optimal decision making in flood protection, it incorporates flexible timing of investment decisions and scientific uncertainty on the extent of climate change impacts. This model allows decision-makers to cope with the uncertain impacts of climate change on the frequency and damage of river flood events and minimises the risk of under- or over-investment. One of the innovative elements is that we explicitly distinguish between structural and non-structural flood protection measures. Our results show that the optimal investment decision today depends strongly on the cost structure of the adaptation measures and the discount rate, especially the ratio of fixed and weighted annual costs of the measures. A higher level of annual flood damage and later resolution of uncertainty in time increases the optimal investment. Furthermore, the optimal investment decision today is influenced by the possibility of the decision-maker to adjust his decision at a future moment in time.(auth)

  6. 77 FR 35082 - Arrow Investment Advisers, LLC and Arrow Investments Trust; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-12

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Investment Company Act Release No. 30100; 812-13937] Arrow Investment Advisers, LLC and Arrow Investments Trust; Notice of Application June 6, 2012. AGENCY: Securities... 6(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``Act'') for an exemption from sections 2(a)(32), 5(a)(1...

  7. Redes de organizaciones inteligentes: capacidades dinámicas para la generación de conocimiento.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Fernando Cardona Madariaga

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Las redes conformadas por organizaciones, desarrollan intuitivamente nuevos modelos de interacción que generan pequeños mundos, autorganizados con un conjunto de reglas, costumbres, acuerdos, formas de negociación, intercambios de información y de recursos, precios, costos y trueques, entre otros, potenciando la capacidad de la Red hacia la satisfacción de necesidades de los grupos de interés, y procreando entornos mucho más sanos; esto facilita la reacción, el funcionamiento, la flexibilidad y la cooperación en la Red, frente a la inestabilidad que hoy en día prevalece en el contexto mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo, es describir la razón de lo que posiblemente ocurre, concentrándose en la capacidad de transferencia que tienen las Organizaciones para desplegar su conocimiento a la formulación y ejecución de la estrategia organizacional en la Red, evolucionando a esta última a un organismo dinámico e inteligente, que ayuda a potenciar dicho proceso de despliegue de información, energía y recursos en el ecosistema (entorno & contexto, así como a potenciar los ciclos de retroalimentación requeridos por las Organizaciones, para que realicen un repliegue hacia su interior, con la suficiente carga de conocimiento del ecosistema, y de esta forma, permitirle que inicie los ajustes y el fortalecimiento de procesos y bucles, que fomentan la innovación y el desarrollo de cada Organizaciones, de la red y su estrategia.

  8. Multilateral negotiations in foreign investment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Orlando Ruiz Castro

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Direct foreign investment is one of the most important economic variables in the world. Aspects related to international investment agreements are reaching an outstanding place in economic international diplomacy. Nowadays, in the multilateral level there is not an agreement regarding investment and therefore this study is focused on this particular type of agreement. In order to reach this objective this study shows, first of all, how different attempts have been developed to get a multicultural a agreement regarding investment, and to refuse the general opinion that says that exponential growth of foreign investment flows in recent years has given impulse to launch a multilateral investment agreement. Secondly, this study discusses about regulations related to foreign investment under current WTO regulations, such as investment, measure agreements, and service agreement. Then, it analyzes what has happened inside the WTO from the creation of the investment team at the Singapore Conference to the failed Conference in Cancun. Finally, it analyzes the main arguments against the multilateral agreement and the effects of future possible multilateral negotiations in investment and it ends with some recommendations and conclusions.

  9. Investment in capital markets

    OpenAIRE

    Ledenyov, Dimitri O.; Ledenyov, Viktor O.

    2017-01-01

    Investment in Capital Markets creates a strategic vision on the financial capital investment in the capital markets with the aim to get an increased return premium in the short and long time periods. The book is written with a main goal to explain the pros and cons of the financial capital investment in the capital markets, discussing the sophisticated investment concepts and techniques in the simple understandable readable general format language. We would like to highlight the three interes...

  10. Pension Fund Investment Policy

    OpenAIRE

    Zvi Bodie

    1988-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to survey what is known about the investment policy of pension funds. Pension fund investment policy depends critically on the type of plan: defined contribution versus defined benefit. For defined contribution plans investment policy is not much different than it is for an individual deciding how to invest the money in an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). The guiding principle is efficient diversification, that is, achieving the maximum expected return for any...

  11. Optimal Regulation of Lumpy Investments

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zwart, G.; Broer, D.P.

    2012-01-01

    When a monopolist has discretion over the timing of infrastructure investments, regulation of post-investment prices interferes with incentivizing socially optimal investment timing. In a model of regulated lumpy investment under uncertainty, we study regulation when the regulator can condition

  12. An Information-Based Trade Off between Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment

    OpenAIRE

    Itay Goldstein; Assaf Razin

    2005-01-01

    The paper develops a model of foreign direct investments (FDI) and foreign portfolio investments (FPI).The model describes an information-based trade off between direct investments and portfolio investments. Direct investors are more informed about the fundamentals of their projects. This information enables them to manage their projects more efficiently. However, it also creates an asymmetric-information problem in case they need to sell their projects prematurely, and reduces the price they...

  13. Guidelines for integrating socially responsible investment in the investment process

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Graaf, F.J.; Slager, A.

    2009-01-01

    Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) is of growing importance for institutional investors. Our analysis shows that SRI strategies can be grouped in ethically-based, investment-driven and value-ensuring objectives. We demonstrate that this categorization strengthens decisionmaking in SRI. Based on

  14. Exa mining The Measurement Methods of Investment Properties of Real Estate Investment Trusts According to Turkish Accounting Standard 40: Investment Properties Standard

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emine Çına Bal

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Recently, the real estate industry has developed rapidly in Turkey. As an investment tool,investment in real estate became essential. Within the framework of the Capital Markets Law, organized by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey real estate investment trusts, real estate, real estate-based projects, and real estate capital market instruments by investing in a portfolio management company operating in the specific type. In this study, measurement methods of investment properties after recogn 31 real estate investment trust companies that traded in Borsa Istanbul is analyzed in order to examine the effect of policy selection on return on equity, return on asset and market to book value ratio of the companies’ financial statements and disclosures by using the nonparametric test of Mann-Whitney U Test. Non-consolidated financial statements and disclosures for 2013 of 21 real estate investment trust companies is included to the examination. Results of the test that is individually applied for each ratio show that the effect of policy selection on the ratios is statistically insignificant.

  15. Stock prices and business investment

    OpenAIRE

    Yaron Leitner

    2007-01-01

    Is there a link between the stock market and business investment? Empirical evidence indicates that there is. A firm tends to invest more when its stock price increases, and it tends to invest less when the price falls. In “Stock Prices and Business Investment,” Yaron Leitner discusses existing research that explains this relationship. One question under consideration is whether the stock market actually improves investment decisions.

  16. INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadiia Davydenko

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available In the article the approaches to defining the essence of the concept of “investment attractiveness of enterprises” were analyzed. On the example of "Agrofirm Brusilov" depth analysis of the agricultural enterprises to evaluate of profitability, liquidity, solvency, financial stability, the timing of the return of invested funds and minimizing investment risks was conducted. To study methods of rating and system analysis were used. To justify the conditions of  increasing investment attractiveness farms method of scoring was used. It was established as a result of the use of integrated evaluation of the financial position one can see problem aspects of financial position of the company and develop measures to enhance liquidity, solvency, identify potential for raising the efficiency of company and prevention of financial crisis. The analysis of financial position showed that the management of the enterprise doesn’t  think  about  financial stability and solvency, does not understand the benefit of borrowed capital. Using research results in practice of agricultural enterprises allows us to give a real evaluation of investment attractiveness and justify ways to improve it. Key words: investments, investment attractiveness, potential business, financial position.

  17. Are stricter investment rules contagious? Host country competition for foreign direct investment through international agreements

    OpenAIRE

    Neumayer, Eric; Nunnenkamp, Peter; Roy, Martin

    2014-01-01

    We argue that the trend toward international investment agreements (IIAs) with stricter investment rules is driven by competitive diffusion, namely defensive moves of developing countries concerned about foreign direct investment (FDI) diversion in favor of competing host countries. Accounting for spatial dependence in the formation of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and preferential trade agreements (PTAs) that contain investment provisions, we find that the increase in agreements with ...

  18. 13 CFR 301.4 - Investment rates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment rates. 301.4 Section... ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND PROPOSAL AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Investment Rates and Matching Share Requirements § 301.4 Investment rates. (a) Minimum Investment Rate. There is no minimum Investment Rate for a...

  19. Environmental investment funds. Investing into the future. Umweltfonds. Investieren in die Zukunft

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Homolka, W [Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank AG, Muenchen (Germany)

    1990-01-01

    The book wants to show that ecologically oriented and socially responsible investment has so far been underrated as a criterion of choice for finance decisions. Environmental investment funds offer the chance to make important investments into the future and the development of new technologies and methods of production, provided the openness of their claim is appreciated which is to go for anything that will improve our environment. Such confidence in the positive forces of the market is adequately rewarded, as international examples show. Environmental investment funds are a form of finance management for far-sighted investors and who are committed to the environment. The author presents the bases of ethic-ecologically oriented fund investment, reports experience abroad, and gives a current overview of the situation, nationally and internationally, in this sector of the finance market. (orig./HSCH).

  20. Finans/Invest

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bechmann, Ken L.

    2014-01-01

    Som det vil være velkendt for de fleste læsere, så er der skiftedag på Finans/Invest. Således var Finans/Invest 8/13 det sidste nummer med Anders Grosen som redaktør, og nærværende nummer er det første med professor Ken L. Bechmann som redaktør. I denne første leder beskriver den nye redaktør lidt...... om hans syn på Finans/Invest og tidsskriftets store betydning for formidling af faglig viden inden for finansiering. Yderligere beskrives nogle af de mindre redaktionelle ændringer, som den nye redaktør har planlagt. Endelig indeholder lederen traditionen tro redaktørens refleksioner over og...

  1. Teoria do Design Inteligente: teoria científica ou discurso religioso? Apontamentos sobre uma controvérsia atual (Intelligent Design: scientific theory or religious discourse? Remarks about an actual controversy - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2013v11n30p709

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roney Seixas Andrade

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem com pano de fundo a controvérsia entre criacionismo e evolucionismo que ainda captura a imaginação de amplos segmentos religiosamente orientados, sobretudo nos Estados Unidos. Aqui destacamos as proposições elaboradas pela chamada Teoria do Design Inteligente (TDI. Essa teoria, que se apresenta como científica e desprovida de qualquer compromisso religioso, propõe demonstrar empiricamente que a complexidade observada na natureza, no universo e na vida, é resultante de um design genuíno, ou seja, produto de uma inteligência organizadora, e não produto de processos puramente materiais e aleatórios, isto é, decorrentes do acaso, ou da seleção natural, tal como sugere o darwinismo. Neste artigo trataremos da emergência da Teoria do Design Inteligente e de seus principais argumentos, tal como elaborados por seus proponentes, estudados pelos seus analistas e confrontados pelos seus críticos, a fim de verificar se ela é considerada teoria científica ou uma variante mais sofisticada e atual do criacionismo cristão. Palavras-chave: Religião; Ciência; Criacionismo; Design Inteligente.   Abstract This article has as a backdrop the controversy between creationism and evolutionism that still captures the imagination of large religious segments, especially in the USA. This text highlights the propositions drawn up by the so called Intelligent Design Theory. Such theory, which is presented as scientific and devoid of any religious commitment aims to demonstrate empirically that the complexity observed in nature, in the universe and in the life, is a the result of a genuine design. In this sense, it would be a product of an organizing intelligence and not a product of purely material and random processes resulting from chance, or from natural selection, as suggested by Darwinism. In this article, we will deal with the emergence of Intelligent Design and its main arguments, such as elaborated by its proponents, studied by

  2. Firm Decisions: Determinants of Investments

    OpenAIRE

    Ionescu Alexandra

    2011-01-01

    The investment decision is part of a companies’ investment strategy. Defined as a logical set of technical and economic information, the investment strategy determines the main objectives of the firm regarding its investments, based on studies, analysis and simulations. It also establishes the actions to be undertaken in order to achieve the objectives, methods of achieving them, sources of funding and resource allocation methods. Still, all these are influenced by several factors. The invest...

  3. Generalized inverses theory and computations

    CERN Document Server

    Wang, Guorong; Qiao, Sanzheng

    2018-01-01

    This book begins with the fundamentals of the generalized inverses, then moves to more advanced topics. It presents a theoretical study of the generalization of Cramer's rule, determinant representations of the generalized inverses, reverse order law of the generalized inverses of a matrix product, structures of the generalized inverses of structured matrices, parallel computation of the generalized inverses, perturbation analysis of the generalized inverses, an algorithmic study of the computational methods for the full-rank factorization of a generalized inverse, generalized singular value decomposition, imbedding method, finite method, generalized inverses of polynomial matrices, and generalized inverses of linear operators. This book is intended for researchers, postdocs, and graduate students in the area of the generalized inverses with an undergraduate-level understanding of linear algebra.

  4. GLOBAL TRENDS OF ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivan LUCHIAN

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available An alternative investment is an investment product other than the traditional investments of stocks, bonds, cash, or property. The term is a relatively loose one and includes tangible assets such as art, wine, antiques, coins, or stamps and some financial assets such as commodities, hedge funds, venture capital,and others. At the moment it was created a global industry opportunities for making investments in nontraditional form. The aim of this paper consists in demonstrating the possibilities of these investments. For this have been studied related main international markets, a fter then deducted world dominant trends. This article is concerned to present some details of alternative investments global market.

  5. 12 CFR 704.5 - Investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investments. 704.5 Section 704.5 Banks and... § 704.5 Investments. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate according to an investment... must address, at a minimum: (1) Appropriate tests and criteria for evaluating investments and...

  6. 77 FR 18277 - Domini Social Investment Trust and Domini Social Investments LLC; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-27

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Investment Company Act Release No. 29984; 812-13971] Domini Social Investment Trust and Domini Social Investments LLC; Notice of Application March 21, 2012. AGENCY... the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``Act'') for an exemption from section 15(a) of the Act and rule...

  7. Quantitative investment analysis

    CERN Document Server

    DeFusco, Richard

    2007-01-01

    In the "Second Edition" of "Quantitative Investment Analysis," financial experts Richard DeFusco, Dennis McLeavey, Jerald Pinto, and David Runkle outline the tools and techniques needed to understand and apply quantitative methods to today's investment process.

  8. Power plants investment decision-making in consideration of investment risk

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oda, Junichiro; Matsuhashi, Ryuji; Yoshida, Yoshikuni; Takashima, Ryuta

    2005-01-01

    In this paper, we consider the investment risk of nuclear power plants using the real options approach. It is essential that the Japanese society evaluate the investment risk, because nuclear power plants are facing definite uncertainty and Japanese governments intend to promote and assist nuclear power plants through subsidies and policy actions. We assumed that the wholesale market prices of electricity constitute the definite uncertainty and that the wholesale market prices follow the geometric Brownian motion with drift. Using the Bellman equation and a lattice framework, we evaluated the value of investment opportunity, the value of equipment, and the critical prices that are optimal prices to invest in a nuclear power plant in the finite time horizon. This analysis shows that higher volatility of the wholesale market prices would give power companies lower incentive to construct electric power plants, particularly capital-intensive power plants. In order to deliberate and hold the Japanese governments accountable for the economics of nuclear power plants, multifaceted evaluation is needed. (author)

  9. [Research on investing methods and mold cooling methods of the self-made investment for pure titanium castings].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Juan; Huang, Xu; Zhao, Yun-Feng; Xiao, Mao-Chun; Li, Yong

    2006-10-01

    To observe the influence of different investing methods and mold cooling methods on pure titanium castings invested in the self-made investment, and to provide theoretic base for the development for the investment. The influence of investing methods (one-step investing method and two-step investing method) on castability and crown fit of titanium castings were investigated, and the influence of cooling methods on reaction layers, mechanical properties and crown fit of titanium castings were investigated. Both the investing methods exhibited good castability, but only the titanium full crowns by one-step investing method showed clinically acceptable fit. Although the quenching group showed thinner reaction layer(100 microm), lower strength and similar elongation rate, the titanium castings by bench cooling showed clinically acceptable full crown fit with 115 microm thick reaction layer as cast. The one-step investing method and the bench cooling are recommended for the self-made investment.

  10. Planejamento de ações para automação inteligente da manufatura Action planning for intelligent manufacturing automation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavio Tonidandel

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo investiga o uso do sistema FAR-OFF na área da Automação da Manufatura. O sistema FAR-OFF possui característica similar aos sistemas de planejamento baseado em busca heurística, os quais têm apresentado excelentes resultados nos últimos anos na área de planejamento. Entretanto, em vez de ser um sistema generativo, o FAR-OFF é um sistema de planejamento baseado em casos que garante estabilidade para solucionar problemas em tempo aceitável. Os resultados apresentados pelo sistema no domínio de logística mostram que este é um sistema promissor para automação inteligente.This paper investigates the use of the FAR-OFF system in the Manufacturing Automation field. The FAR-OFF system has the feature of heuristic search based systems, which have been presenting excellent results over the last years in the planning area. However, instead of being a generative planning system, the FAR-OFF system is a case-based planner that can guarantee stability to solve problems in a reasonable amount of time. The results presented by its application in the logistic domain show that it is a promising system for intelligent automation.

  11. Global energy - investment requirements. A presentation of the world energy investments outlook 2003 - insights

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cattier, F.

    2003-01-01

    In order to meet the World's energy requirements for the next 30 years, 16 000 billion dollars will be necessary. Some 60% of this investment will go to the electricity sector and almost half of the total investment must be made in the developing countries. Where fossil fuels are concerned the bulk of the investments will a devoted to exploration and development activities. Transportation and distribution will account for 54 % of the investment in the electricity sector. The financing of these investments is currently the subject of various uncertainties. The conditions for access to resources will be decisive for the oil and gas sectors. The impact of liberalization in the countries of the OECD and the profitability of the investments in developing countries constitute the main challenges for the electricity sector. (authors)

  12. Some results on inverse scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramm, A.G.

    2008-01-01

    A review of some of the author's results in the area of inverse scattering is given. The following topics are discussed: (1) Property C and applications, (2) Stable inversion of fixed-energy 3D scattering data and its error estimate, (3) Inverse scattering with 'incomplete' data, (4) Inverse scattering for inhomogeneous Schroedinger equation, (5) Krein's inverse scattering method, (6) Invertibility of the steps in Gel'fand-Levitan, Marchenko, and Krein inversion methods, (7) The Newton-Sabatier and Cox-Thompson procedures are not inversion methods, (8) Resonances: existence, location, perturbation theory, (9) Born inversion as an ill-posed problem, (10) Inverse obstacle scattering with fixed-frequency data, (11) Inverse scattering with data at a fixed energy and a fixed incident direction, (12) Creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient and wave-focusing properties. (author)

  13. 77 FR 27499 - Destra Capital Investments LLC and Destra Unit Investment Trust; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-05-10

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Investment Company Act Release No. 30059; 812-13574-01] Destra Capital Investments LLC and Destra Unit Investment Trust; Notice of Application May 3, 2012. AGENCY...) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``Act'') for an exemption from sections 2(a)(32), 2(a)(35), 14...

  14. 76 FR 61769 - Destra Capital Investments LLC and Destra Unit Investment Trust; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-05

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Investment Company Act Release No. 29825; 812-13575] Destra Capital Investments LLC and Destra Unit Investment Trust; Notice of Application September 29, 2011. AGENCY... 12(d)(1)(J) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``Act'') for an exemption from sections 12(d)(1)(A...

  15. A Joint Method of Envelope Inversion Combined with Hybrid-domain Full Waveform Inversion

    Science.gov (United States)

    CUI, C.; Hou, W.

    2017-12-01

    Full waveform inversion (FWI) aims to construct high-precision subsurface models by fully using the information in seismic records, including amplitude, travel time, phase and so on. However, high non-linearity and the absence of low frequency information in seismic data lead to the well-known cycle skipping problem and make inversion easily fall into local minima. In addition, those 3D inversion methods that are based on acoustic approximation ignore the elastic effects in real seismic field, and make inversion harder. As a result, the accuracy of final inversion results highly relies on the quality of initial model. In order to improve stability and quality of inversion results, multi-scale inversion that reconstructs subsurface model from low to high frequency are applied. But, the absence of very low frequencies (time domain and inversion in the frequency domain. To accelerate the inversion, we adopt CPU/GPU heterogeneous computing techniques. There were two levels of parallelism. In the first level, the inversion tasks are decomposed and assigned to each computation node by shot number. In the second level, GPU multithreaded programming is used for the computation tasks in each node, including forward modeling, envelope extraction, DFT (discrete Fourier transform) calculation and gradients calculation. Numerical tests demonstrated that the combined envelope inversion + hybrid-domain FWI could obtain much faithful and accurate result than conventional hybrid-domain FWI. The CPU/GPU heterogeneous parallel computation could improve the performance speed.

  16. A Duopoly Manufacturers’ Game Model Considering Green Technology Investment under a Cap-and-Trade System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yi Zheng

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available This research studied the duopoly manufacturers’ decision-making considering green technology investment and under a cap-and-trade system. It was assumed there were two manufacturers producing products which were substitutable for one another. On the basis of this assumption, the optimal production capacity, price, and green technology investment of the duopoly manufacturers under a cap-and-trade system were obtained. The increase or decrease of the optimal production quantity of the duopoly manufacturers under a cap-and-trade system was decided by their green technology level. The increase of the optimal price as well as the increase or decrease of the maximum expected profits were decided by the initial carbon emission quota granted by the government. Our research indicates that the carbon emission of unit product is inversely proportional to the market share of an enterprise and becomes an important index to measure the core competitiveness of an enterprise.

  17. Irreversible investments revisited

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sandal, Leif K.; Steinshamn, Stein I.; Hoff, Ayoe

    2007-01-01

    A multi-dimensional, non-linear dynamic model in continuous time is presented for the purpose of finding the optimal combination of exploitation and capital investment in optimal renewable resource management. Non-malleability of capital is incorporated in the model through an asymmetric cost......-function of investment, and investments can be both positive and negative. Exploitation is controlled through the utilisation rate of available capital. A novel feature in this model is that there are costs associated with the available capital whether it is utilised or not. And, in contrast to most of the previous...

  18. 43 CFR 29.11 - Investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Investment. 29.11 Section 29.11 Public... Investment. (a) The monies accumulated in the Fund shall be prudently invested in the following types of... investment advisor or custodian to the Fund, or their affiliates may be purchased or held by the Fund. (3...

  19. Calculation of the inverse data space via sparse inversion

    KAUST Repository

    Saragiotis, Christos; Doulgeris, Panagiotis C.; Verschuur, Dirk Jacob Eric

    2011-01-01

    The inverse data space provides a natural separation of primaries and surface-related multiples, as the surface multiples map onto the area around the origin while the primaries map elsewhere. However, the calculation of the inverse data is far from

  20. Inverse Limits

    CERN Document Server

    Ingram, WT

    2012-01-01

    Inverse limits provide a powerful tool for constructing complicated spaces from simple ones. They also turn the study of a dynamical system consisting of a space and a self-map into a study of a (likely more complicated) space and a self-homeomorphism. In four chapters along with an appendix containing background material the authors develop the theory of inverse limits. The book begins with an introduction through inverse limits on [0,1] before moving to a general treatment of the subject. Special topics in continuum theory complete the book. Although it is not a book on dynamics, the influen

  1. Investing: reducing risks to enhance returns.

    Science.gov (United States)

    West, J; Glickman, S; Seidner, A G

    1996-09-01

    The financial assets of a healthcare organization can present many opportunities for investment. In order to develop a profitable investment program that avoids risky speculation, however, healthcare financial managers must fully understand the nature and risks of their organizations' investments. They must define and monitor their investment objectives, limitations, levels of acceptable risk and policies and conditions through a statement of investment policy and comprehensive investment guidelines.

  2. Green investment: Trends and determinants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eyraud, Luc; Clements, Benedict; Wane, Abdoul

    2013-01-01

    This paper fills a gap in the macroeconomic literature on renewable sources of energy. It offers a definition of green investment and analyzes the trends and determinants of this investment over the last decade for 35 advanced and emerging countries. We use a new multi-country historical dataset and find that green investment has become a key driver of the energy sector and that its rapid growth is now mostly driven by China. Our econometric results suggest that green investment is boosted by economic growth, a sound financial system conducive to low interest rates, and high fuel prices. We also find that some policy interventions, such as the introduction of carbon pricing schemes or “feed-in-tariffs,” which require use of “green” energy, have a positive and significant impact on green investment. Other interventions, such as biofuel support, do not appear to be associated with higher green investment. - Highlights: • We offer a definition of green investment and review its trend since 2000. • We analyze its determinants from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. • Green investment is boosted by economic growth, interest rates, and fuel prices. • Feed-in-tariffs and carbon pricing schemes impact positively green investment

  3. To assess the investment policy and investment activity of banks of Russia

    OpenAIRE

    Mandron V.; Buzaeva O.

    2016-01-01

    A priority to increase the profits of banks is investment operations in the stock market. Investment banking includes activities on raising capital using capital market instruments with the objective of capital appreciation. The article describes the investment objectives of the banks to improve their profitability, financial stability and enhance the effectiveness of the whole. The basic tools that enable banks to achieve the relevant objectives: profit, risk diversification, the maintenance...

  4. Inverse problems of geophysics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yanovskaya, T.B.

    2003-07-01

    This report gives an overview and the mathematical formulation of geophysical inverse problems. General principles of statistical estimation are explained. The maximum likelihood and least square fit methods, the Backus-Gilbert method and general approaches for solving inverse problems are discussed. General formulations of linearized inverse problems, singular value decomposition and properties of pseudo-inverse solutions are given

  5. Acute puerperal uterine inversion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hussain, M.; Liaquat, N.; Noorani, K.; Bhutta, S.Z; Jabeen, T.

    2004-01-01

    Objective: To determine the frequency, causes, clinical presentations, management and maternal mortality associated with acute puerperal inversion of the uterus. Materials and Methods: All the patients who developed acute puerperal inversion of the uterus either in or outside the JPMC were included in the study. Patients of chronic uterine inversion were not included in the present study. Abdominal and vaginal examination was done to confirm and classify inversion into first, second or third degrees. Results: 57036 deliveries and 36 acute uterine inversions occurred during the study period, so the frequency of uterine inversion was 1 in 1584 deliveries. Mismanagement of third stage of labour was responsible for uterine inversion in 75% of patients. Majority of the patients presented with shock, either hypovolemic (69%) or neurogenic (13%) in origin. Manual replacement of the uterus under general anaesthesia with 2% halothane was successfully done in 35 patients (97.5%). Abdominal hysterectomy was done in only one patient. There were three maternal deaths due to inversion. Conclusion: Proper education and training regarding placental delivery, diagnosis and management of uterine inversion must be imparted to the maternity care providers especially to traditional birth attendants and family physicians to prevent this potentially life-threatening condition. (author)

  6. Financing investment in environmentally sound technologies: Foreign direct investment versus foreign debt finance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anyangah, Joshua Okeyo

    2010-01-01

    This paper develops a screening model to examine the relationship between alternative sources of private capital and investment in environmentally sound technologies (ESTs). In the model, a polluter (agent) must secure investment funds from the international financial markets in order to upgrade its production and abatement technology. The requisite capital can be obtained via either market loans (debt finance) or foreign direct investment (FDI). Under debt finance, the foreign financier supplies only capital and the relationship between the two parties is more 'arms-length'. By contrast, under FDI, the investor delivers both capital and managerial skills. We use the model to derive the implications of debt finance for optimal investment decisions and compare them to those obtained under FDI. Investment incentives are more pronounced under debt finance. (author)

  7. Greenland and Chinese outbound investments

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mouyal, Lone Wandahl; Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram; Su, Jingjing

    2017-01-01

    -Government seeks to develop new business sectors and to attract foreign investment, including investments from China, to develop especially its mineral resources. China now is the second largest economy in the world and the outbound investments by Chinese companies presents unprecedented opportunities for both...... Chinese companies and their global partners. However, Chinese outbound investment faces many hurdles both at home and outside. This article analyzes some of the main aspects in relation to regulatory hurdles, political obstacles as well as environmental, labor and financial challenges primarily focusing...... on investments in the mining industry....

  8. IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI ON DOMESTIC INVESTMENT IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Ivanović

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to investigate how foreign direct investment (FDI affects domestic investment in the Republic of Croatia. More precisely, the general purpose of this study is to determine the impact of net inflow of foreign capital on domestic investment in order to gain a clearer picture about the sensitivity and efficiency of domestic investment. After parsing domestic investment and FDI in Croatia, according to Croatian Bureau of Statistics and the Croatian National Bank, a historical overview of their movement from 1995 to 2014 was analyzed. In the following an overview and comparison of studies from around the world which deal with similar topic was made. In the empirical part; domestic gross fixed capital formation, changes in domestic stocks, net FDI and GDP growth rate was used as variables. Quarterly time series data ranging from the Q1 2001 to Q4 2014 were processed with the subset VAR (vector autoregressive econometric model. The results shows that FDI have negative influence on domestic investment in the Republic of Croatia with time lag.

  9. 12 CFR 24.4 - Investment limits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment limits. 24.4 Section 24.4 Banks and... ENTITIES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, AND OTHER PUBLIC WELFARE INVESTMENTS § 24.4 Investment limits. (a) Limits on aggregate outstanding investments. A national bank's aggregate outstanding investments under...

  10. 12 CFR 615.5140 - Eligible investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Eligible investments. 615.5140 Section 615.5140... POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Investment Management § 615.5140 Eligible investments. (a) You may hold only the following types of investments listed in the Investment Eligibility Criteria...

  11. Inverse feasibility problems of the inverse maximum flow problems

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    199–209. c Indian Academy of Sciences. Inverse feasibility problems of the inverse maximum flow problems. ADRIAN DEACONU. ∗ and ELEONOR CIUREA. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Iuliu Maniu st. 50,. Romania.

  12. 47 CFR 69.309 - Other investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other investment. 69.309 Section 69.309... Apportionment of Net Investment § 69.309 Other investment. Investment that is not apportioned pursuant to §§ 69... category and access elements in the same proportions as the combined investment that is apportioned...

  13. [Several problems concerning population investment].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Z

    1982-07-29

    Population investment is a major topic in the studies of population and economic relations. In this particular area, numerous theoretical and practical problems are still in need of solution. Concerning the problem of population concept, there are three different approaches: (1) to determine the definition of population investment from the relationship between the population growth and the capital from national income used for investment, including investment in the newly increased population and investment in the entire population; (2) to explain population investment from the economic viewpoint that people are producers; and (3) to explain population investment from the expense needed to change a simple labor force to a skillful labor force. The expenses include educational costs, maintanance spending, wages needed to compensate workers in labor, costs for workers to master and learn modern scientific techniques to be used for production, and the costs of keeping a young labor force in the next generation.

  14. Considering barriers to investment in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KB Afful

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper examines the effect of South Africa’s economic fundamentals on net direct investment and net portfolio investment. The results suggest that the main determinants of investment in South Africa are resource prices, input productivity and the economic performance of the domestic economy. The results illustrate that net direct investment and net portfolio investment are close but not perfect substitutes. In addition, we find that an increase in labour input costs reduces both net direct investment and net portfolio investment. Further, an increase in fixed capital productivity increases net direct investment. Further, also the results illustrate that subsidies increase both net direct investment and net portfolio investment. Moreover, an increase in exports increases both net direct investment and net portfolio investment. Policy recommendations are thus proposed that may increase foreign direct investment in South Africa.

  15. Competition in investment banking

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katrina Ellis

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available We construct a comprehensive measure of overall investment banking competitiveness for follow-on offerings that aggregates the various dimensions of competition such as fees, pricing accuracy, analyst recommendations, distributional abilities, market making prowess, debt offering capabilities, and overall reputation. The measure allows us to incorporate trade-offs that investment banks may use in competing for new or established clients. We find that firms who switch to similar-quality underwriters enjoy more intense competition among investment banks which manifests in lower fees and more optimistic recommendations. Investment banks do compete vigorously for some clients, with the level of competition related to the likelihood of gaining or losing clients. Finally, investment banks not performing up to market norms are more likely to be dropped in the follow-on offering. In contrast, firms who seek a higher reputation underwriter face relatively non-competitive markets.

  16. Essays in Investment Theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bobtcheff, C.

    2006-01-01

    This thesis analyzes different aspects of the investment decision. In the first chapter, we consider an economy in which different energy sources may produce electricity. The model focuses first on the optimal use of a hydroelectric dam from which water can be extracted and which is supplied with a random water flow. The presence of constraints on a minimal and on a maximal storage capacity makes electricity consumption smoothing possible only when the quantity of water available to the agent lies in a certain range that we determine. In a second stage, we introduce a second energy source with unlimited supply at some exogenous cost. The marginal propensity to produce hydroelectricity is an increasing function of the second technology cost. The availability at a low cost of the alternative source improves thus time diversification. Finally, the optimal electric park is composed of a number of dams that is increasing with the cost of the second technology. Chapter 2 studies the decision of an investor who wants to undertake an irreversible investment when he has the choice between two mutually exclusive projects that present input price and/or output price uncertainty. We prove that the investor decides not to invest in any project when each investment generates the same payoff independently of its size. Therefore, some inaction region appears in which the investor prefers not to invest whereas an immediate investment would have been optimal if no choice had been available: a 'choice value' is thus created. A key feature of this bidimensional degree of uncertainty is thus that the payoff generated by each project is not a sufficient statistic to make a rational investment. In this context, our analysis provides a new motive for waiting to invest: the benefits associated with the dominance of one project over the other. In chapter 3, we study the investment decision problem of a duo-poly with price competition on a market of finite size driven by stochastic taste

  17. VALUE-ADDED SERVICE INVESTING AND PRICING STRATEGIES FOR A TWO-SIDED PLATFORM UNDER INVESTING RESOURCE CONSTRAINT

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Guowei Dou; Ping He

    2017-01-01

    Investing on value-added service (VAS) amplifies users' participation and platform profit.However,the investing resource is usually limited in practice.This paper investigates VAS investing and pricing strategies for a two-sided platform under investing resource constraint.We reveal that with VAS investment,Subsidizing can still be done to enlarge users' demand,even when the investing cost becomes higher.For optimal pricing strategies,the network effect will be the dominating determinant if the gap between two marginal cross-side benefits (i.e.the benefit that users obtain when each new user join the other side of the platform) is large.Interestingly,we show that with the increase of the marginal investing cost,users might either be priced higher or lower.If the marginal investing cost increases to a high level,and the gap between the two marginal cross-side benefits is large,lowering the access fee for users possessing the higher cross-side network effect does not necessarily compensate more profit loss caused by higher cost.Moreover,after VAS is developed,raising the access fee for those whose marginal investing benefit is large does not necessarily generate more profit as well.The opposite strategy further enlarges users' utility,and promotes the investment to benefit more users.

  18. Real Options Analysis of Electricity Investments

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heggedal, Ane Marte

    2012-07-01

    This thesis utilizes real options analysis for evaluating investment opportunities in the electricity sector. It also formally tests how investors in hydropower plants have included uncertainty when considering their investment opportunities. The real options method applies financial options theory to quantify the value of management flexibility and is chosen due to three important characteristics of investments in the electricity sector. First; the investment is completely or partially irreversible, second; the investor can choose when to invest in the facility, and third; there is uncertainty in several factors affecting the cash flows of the investments. Factors of uncertainty include the development of electricity prices, policies, technological advances, and macroeconomics measures.Four papers are included in this thesis. Paper 1, Upgrading hydropower plants with storage: Timing and capacity choice, presents a valuation framework for deciding when to upgrade an existing hydropower plant and which capacity to choose. The second paper, Transmission capacity between Norway and Germany: A real options analysis, sheds light on when two electricity markets, in this case Norway and Germany, should be connected through a sub sea cable. The investor can choose when to invest and the capacity of the cable, and may also choose to invest sequentially. Paper 3, Optimal timing and capacity choice for pumped hydropower storage, investigates when investment in a pumped hydropower plant with storage should be undertaken and what the capacity of the facility should be. Whereas the three first papers investigate investment opportunities, Paper 4, Uncertain climate policy decisions and investment timing: Evidence from small hydropower plants, studies when investors in small hydropower plants chose to invest. The analyses disclose whether the net present value approach or the real options method best describe the investment decisions made by the investors. Viewing investment

  19. Petroleum investment conditions in Peru

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia Schreck, M.

    1996-01-01

    This report focuses on the current petroleum investment conditions in Peru, and Peru's hydrocarbon potential. Investment conditions are examined, and political risk, internal security, the economic environment, and the legal framework for investment are considered. (UK)

  20. RISKS IN INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ms. Tatiana A. Ykovleva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The article discusses the features of investment risks and their causes, as well as provides a detailed classification of investment risks. The authors reveal the essence and content of the investment process, risk management, providing material for presentation in the form of a diagram. In conclusion, the article explains the use of the system of specialized institutions as a way to exclude the basic, or primary investment risk.

  1. Obtención del valor de la aceleración de la gravedad en el laboratorio de física. Experiencia comparativa del sensor de un teléfono celular inteligente y el péndulo simple

    OpenAIRE

    José Enrique Martínez Pérez

    2015-01-01

    El presente trabajo valida y prueba la precisión del sensor de un teléfono celular inteligente (TCI) para la determinar la aceleración de la gravedad (g) en el laboratorio de física, comparándolo con el valor calculado a partir de las oscilaciones de un péndulo simple. Se aplicaron pruebas para validar el dispositivo, sugiriendo que el acelerómetro del TCI es un sensor válido y con precisión para ser usado en experiencias de laboratorio de Física y/o Mecánica.

  2. Chinese investments in the EU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Haico EBBERS

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available China’s investments in the European Union are much lower than what you may expect given the economic size of both entities. These relatively low investments in Europe are a combination of priority and obstacles. The priority for investments is clearly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. This regional pattern is heavily influenced by the need to solve the resource shortage in the medium and long term. The investments in Europe and the United States are mostly market seeking investments. Research specifically focused on Chinese M&A abroad comes to the same conclusion. The success rate of Chinese M&A abroad is much lower than what we see with respect to American or European investments abroad. In this paper, we examine why Chinese firms are facing more difficulties in the European Union than in other regions. The paper focuses on Chinese M&A as proxy for total foreign direct investments abroad. By looking at the factors that have been documented as influencing the level of M&A abroad, it becomes clear that Chinese firms in Europe are hindered by many factors. For example, the trade between China and the EU is relatively low, the institutional quality is lower compared to the United States, there is less experience with respect to Europe and relatively many deals relate to State Owned Enterprises (SOE which makes the deal sensitive. So it is logical that Chinese investments are not very high in Europe. However, the research makes clear that the obstacles for Chinese investments in Europe are disappearing step by step. In that sense, we expect a strong increase of Chinese investments in Europe in the future.

  3. 12 CFR 550.330 - Are there investments in which I may not invest funds of a fiduciary account?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Are there investments in which I may not invest... on Self Dealing § 550.330 Are there investments in which I may not invest funds of a fiduciary account? You may not invest funds of a fiduciary account for which you have investment discretion in the...

  4. 75 FR 57217 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-11, Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-20

    ... both U.S. and international definitions for foreign direct investment and must be represented in the...] RIN 0691-AA74 Direct Investment Surveys: BE-11, Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad AGENCY... the reporting requirements for the BE-11, Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad. The survey...

  5. Interaction between Dynamic Financing and Investments

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dockner, Engelbert J.; Mæland, Jøril; Miltersen, Kristian R.

    Debt priority rules, i.e., the rules determining how different classes of debt split the firm's assets after bankruptcy, influence the firm's investment decisions. Existing debt benefits from an investment either because the investment is equity financed or because new debt issued to (partly......) finance the investment has lower priority in the event of bankruptcy as is the case for the commonly used absolute priority rule (APR). This incentivizes equity holders to under invest. If debt priority rules are specified in such a way that existing debt can be exploited by issuing new debt, do equity...... holders have the incentive to over invest. We formulate a dynamic structural model to study the interaction of initial capital structure choice, investment policy, subsequent debt issues, and debt priority rules. We find that priority rules have a substantial impact on investment timing as well...

  6. Investment, regulation, and uncertainty

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smyth, Stuart J; McDonald, Jillian; Falck-Zepeda, Jose

    2014-01-01

    As with any technological innovation, time refines the technology, improving upon the original version of the innovative product. The initial GM crops had single traits for either herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Current varieties have both of these traits stacked together and in many cases other abiotic and biotic traits have also been stacked. This innovation requires investment. While this is relatively straight forward, certain conditions need to exist such that investments can be facilitated. The principle requirement for investment is that regulatory frameworks render consistent and timely decisions. If the certainty of regulatory outcomes weakens, the potential for changes in investment patterns increases.   This article provides a summary background to the leading plant breeding technologies that are either currently being used to develop new crop varieties or are in the pipeline to be applied to plant breeding within the next few years. Challenges for existing regulatory systems are highlighted. Utilizing an option value approach from investment literature, an assessment of uncertainty regarding the regulatory approval for these varying techniques is undertaken. This research highlights which technology development options have the greatest degree of uncertainty and hence, which ones might be expected to see an investment decline. PMID:24499745

  7. 47 CFR 32.102 - Nonregulated investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Nonregulated investments. 32.102 Section 32.102 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS... investments. Nonregulated investments shall include the investment in nonregulated activities that are...

  8. Investing in river health.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bennett, J

    2002-01-01

    Rivers provide society with numerous returns. These relate to both the passive and extractive uses of the resources embodied in river environments. Some returns are manifest in the form of financial gains whilst others are non-monetary. For instance, rivers are a source of monetary income for those who harvest their fish. The water flowing in rivers is extracted for drinking and to water crops and livestock that in turn yield monetary profits. However, rivers are also the source of non-monetary values arising from biological diversity. People who use them for recreation (picnicking, swimming, boating) also receive non-monetary returns. The use of rivers to yield these returns has had negative consequences. With extraction for financial return has come diminished water quantity and quality. The result has been a diminished capacity of rivers to yield (non-extractive) environmental returns and to continue to provide extractive values. A river is like any other asset. With use, the value of an asset depreciates because its productivity declines. In order to maintain the productive capacity of their assets, managers put aside from their profits depreciation reserves that can be invested in the repair or replacement of those assets. Society now faces a situation in which its river assets have depreciated in terms of their capacity to provide monetary and non-monetary returns. An investment in river "repair" is required. But, investment means that society gives up something now in order to achieve some benefit in the future. Society thus has to grapple wih the choice between investing in river health and other investments--such as in hospitals, schools, defence etc. - as well as between investing in river health and current consumption--such as on clothes, food, cars etc. A commonly used aid for investment decision making in the public sector is benefit cost analysis. However, its usefulness in tackling the river investment problem is restricted because it requires all

  9. Investment for food

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Groenveld, D.

    1961-01-01

    Groenveld attempted to show the magnitude of investments in agriculture, which were necessary to meet the increasing world demand for food. The formula S = K/Y (ΔN +ΔH) was assumed as a description that for a community the proportion of national income saved and invested must equal the product of

  10. BRICS Investment Policies from PFI Perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrei Sakharov 

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD Policy Framework for Investment (PFI contains recommendations and best practices in 12 investment-related policy areas, and is widely regarded as the world’s most comprehensive and authoritative instrument on international investment regulation. The topicality of PFI recommendations for OECD members and other countries, including Russia, is dictated by competition in international investment markets. The instrument’s implementation can significantly boost a national jurisdiction’s attractiveness to investors and thus increase its economic competitiveness. The experience of the BRICS countries as large developing economies involved in collaboration with the OECD could be of great value from the standpoint of PFI implementation in Russia. This article examines investment policies of Brazil, India, China and South Africa from the perspective of PFI recommendations. The analysis is organized around four major themes: the general characteristics of investment regimes and investment stimuli, national investment regulation regimes, trade policies and overcoming structural limitations. The analysis forms the basis for recommendations to improve the investment policy regime in Russia

  11. Potential of Sharia-compliant investments

    OpenAIRE

    Ishuayed, Mohamed; Ruiz, Frédéric

    2016-01-01

    Islamic finance and Sharia-compliant investing has seen substantial growth over the years. As more investors are interested in becoming fully Sharia-compliant, the question of what may they be giving up in exchange arises. This has led us to analyze the potential of Sharia-compliant investments. It is well known that having a Sharia-compliant investment portfolio could be rather restrictive as some sectors and investment instruments are forbidden such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling, pork produ...

  12. A basic guide to investing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Michael C

    2006-03-01

    Today's investors have many choices. From seemingly simple investments, such as stocks, bonds and cash, to more complicated option strategies, there is a dizzying array of investment vehicles that can leave even the most seasoned investor a bit confused. In discussions with our clients, one common thread is the desire to learn more about the various types of investments available. Following is a basic guide to the most common investments and the risks inherent in those choices.

  13. Energy investments and employment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1993-08-01

    A study was conducted to assess the effect that different energy options would have on provincial and regional employment prospects in British Columbia. Current and future economic and employment patterns were examined to develop a more detailed understanding of the skills, age, gender, location, and other characteristics of British Columbia workers. Over 40 previous studies examining the energy/employment relationship were also reviewed. Based on this review and an analysis of the province's economic and labor conditions, the following conclusions are drawn. Investment in non-energy sectors offers better prospects for reducing unemployment than investment in the energy sector, whether for new supply or improving efficiency. Investments in the energy sector provide fewer jobs than investments in most other sectors of the economy. Among the available electricity supply options, large hydroelectric projects tend to produce the fewest jobs per investment dollar. Smaller thermal projects such as wood residue plants produce the most jobs. If and when more energy is needed in British Columbia, the most cost-effective combination of energy supply and efficiency options will also create the most jobs. Compared to traditional energy supply options, investments in energy efficiency would create about twice as many total jobs, create jobs that better match the skills of the province's unemployed and its population distribution, and create jobs that last longer on the average. Construction-related measures such as improved insulation tend to produce more jobs per investment dollar than the substitution of more energy-efficient equipment. 69 refs., 9 tabs

  14. The economic rationale for investing decisions innovative projects rationalization of investments for innovative projects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. O. Zhitinskaya

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The article provides a selection of methods for determining the feasibility of an investment-innovative project. Estimated indicators are identified analytically, on their basis a conclusion is made about the economic efficiency and feasibility of the project, which is the basis of its competitiveness. Such growth analytics is necessary, since the social and economic development of the country and the region largely depends on the investment climate, which is facilitated by the legislation of the Russian Federation (the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the law of the Russian Federation on the regulation of investment activities, etc.. Since competitiveness is also determined by the economic feasibility and financial solvency of innovative projects, modern information and software, as well as the methodology for project appraisal and the corresponding order of their implementation, are needed. In the Russian Federation, a method is used to assess the efficiency of capital investments in capitalist countries, as well as the methodology of economic (competitive analysis of investment-innovative projects. The basis of the method is that reimbursement of investments occurs in two economic forms: net profit and depreciation (net income. Of the numerous methods for assessing the feasibility of investment, the most often used along with discount methods (taking into account the factor of money changes over time, statistical methods with determining the payback period and the average rate of return on investment. Defined indicators: the net present value (NPV and the internal rate of return (IRR. The methodology specified in the article is useful to the investor in order to rationalize investment flows, helps to achieve the maximum IRR. The implementation of the innovative project serves the competitiveness of the manufacturing enterprise by increasing the technical and technological levels of the products.

  15. 12 CFR 703.14 - Permissible investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Permissible investments. 703.14 Section 703.14 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INVESTMENT AND DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES § 703.14 Permissible investments. (a) Variable rate investment. A Federal...

  16. Investment criteria of private equity/venture capital funds and financial performance of companies before initial investment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zbigniew Drewniak

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Understanding and recognizing of the investment criteria of private equity/venture capital seems to be crucial for all parties of this market. Entrepreneurs, who are looking for the capital for financing their businesses, can easier find the most proper fund and better formulate their expectations. For the funds, specifying theirs investment criteria is the reflection of the investment strategy leading to its better wording. The fund's investmentcriteriaare also importantfor investors - capital donors. First of allthey wantto knowin whattypes of assetswill be investedtheirfunds. That can help to assess the risk involved in the investment and calculate the expected rate of return. In addition topresentation ofthe investment criteriaof private equity/venture capital funds, thepaper refers to thecompany's financialsituationbefore investments. That draw the company profile, the funds are most interested to invest. The turnover, net profit, profitability ratios and liquidity were analyzed to specify this profile.

  17. Time-reversal and Bayesian inversion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Debski, Wojciech

    2017-04-01

    Probabilistic inversion technique is superior to the classical optimization-based approach in all but one aspects. It requires quite exhaustive computations which prohibit its use in huge size inverse problems like global seismic tomography or waveform inversion to name a few. The advantages of the approach are, however, so appealing that there is an ongoing continuous afford to make the large inverse task as mentioned above manageable with the probabilistic inverse approach. One of the perspective possibility to achieve this goal relays on exploring the internal symmetry of the seismological modeling problems in hand - a time reversal and reciprocity invariance. This two basic properties of the elastic wave equation when incorporating into the probabilistic inversion schemata open a new horizons for Bayesian inversion. In this presentation we discuss the time reversal symmetry property, its mathematical aspects and propose how to combine it with the probabilistic inverse theory into a compact, fast inversion algorithm. We illustrate the proposed idea with the newly developed location algorithm TRMLOC and discuss its efficiency when applied to mining induced seismic data.

  18. 12 CFR 615.5133 - Investment management.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment management. 615.5133 Section 615... POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Investment Management § 615.5133 Investment management. (a... management information systems that are appropriate for the level and complexity of your investment...

  19. 47 CFR 69.302 - Net investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ...) Investment in Accounts 2002, 2003 and to the extent such inclusions are allowed by this Commission, Account... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Apportionment of Net Investment § 69.302 Net investment. (a) Investment in Accounts 2001, 1220 and Class B Rural...

  20. Foreign investments in modern economic activities

    OpenAIRE

    Emil Biber

    2004-01-01

    Worldwide economies are more and more linked by international economic and financial flows to globalization and economic integration phenomena that is effect and cause for them. External investments represent for investors a long-term investment abroad meanwhile for users these could be direct investments or portfolio investments

  1. Investing without credible inter-period regulations. A bargaining approach with application to investments in natural resources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nordal, Kjell Bjoern

    2002-01-01

    A government's lack of credibility when promising future taxation and regulation of foreign direct investment is often regarded as an obstacle to foreign investment. As shown in this paper, the total lack of inter-period credibility may not necessarily prevent investments from taking place. Both the government and the investor can benefit from negotiating a series of short-lived agreements in which the investor obtains a share of the revenue generated from previous investments against the undertaking of making new investments. This assumes that intra-period agreements are respected by the parties

  2. 17 CFR 256.124 - Other investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Other investments. 256.124... COMPANY ACT OF 1935 2. Investments § 256.124 Other investments. This account shall include the cost or current value of investments, whichever is less, in securities, club memberships, associations, life...

  3. 12 CFR 615.5142 - Association investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Association investments. 615.5142 Section 615... POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Investment Management § 615.5142 Association investments. An association may hold eligible investments listed in § 615.5140, with the approval of its funding...

  4. 75 FR 55372 - Tudor Employee Investment Fund LLC and Tudor Investment Corporation; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-10

    ... management business, the Fund Investors will be able to understand and evaluate the attendant risks... Investment Fund (other than investment objectives and strategies and form of organization) (the ``Subsequent... will operate as a non-diversified closed-end management investment company. Each Fund will be an...

  5. Investigación en Progreso: Método de Evaluación Dinámica de Planes en Sistemas Inteligentes Autónomos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ezequiel González

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El modelo LOPE es un sistema inteligente autónomo con aprendizaje basado en formación y ponderación de teorías. En los últimos años, se han elaborado varias modificaciones al modelo que han mejorado el rendimiento de su aprendizaje y de su planificación. Sin embargo, hay ciertos aspectos que aún no han sido abordados y cuyo diseño e implementación se cree incrementaría la convergencia de aprendizaje del modelo. Ellos son: (a el proceso de aprendizaje sólo se produce en la fase de observación, perdiendo la oportunidad de aprender a partir de la evaluación del resultado de los planes ejecutados, (b el índice utilizado para medir la calidad de los planes antes de ser ejecutados es un parámetro fijo, dejando abierta la posibilidad de que se ejecute una alta cantidad de planes condenados al fracaso. Este proyecto se propone desarrollar modificaciones o extensiones al modelo con el fin de mejorar estos aspectos e incrementar la curva de aprendizaje del sistema.

  6. Chinese investments in the EU

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ebbers, H.A.; Zhang, J.

    2010-01-01

    China’s investments in the European Union are much lower than what you may expect given the economic size of both entities. These relatively low investments in Europe are a combination of priority and obstacles. The priority for investments is clearly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. This regional

  7. Emprego racional da Biomecânica em Ortodontia: "arcos inteligentes" Biomechanics in Orthodontics: "smart archwires"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available A versatilidade biomecânica propiciada pelos "arcos inteligentes" ("smart archwires" permite estratégias para cada tipo de má oclusão, diferenciada por nuances terapêuticas, que por sua vez geram um melhor controle do caso clínico. Os arcos multifuncionais (Arco de intrusão de nitinol CIA® e arco de retração Mushroom Loop® foram idealizados no intuito de simplificar o atendimento clínico do ortodontista que, municiado de recursos diagnósticos apropriados e sólidos, os utiliza como uma ótima alternativa entre as disponíveis para a resolução dos problemas e expectativas dos pacientes. Com o presente artigo procurou-se demonstrar que os arcos de intrusão de nitinol (CIA® e o arco de retração Mushroom Loop® são ferramentas poderosas no tratamento de pacientes com extrações dentárias que requerem um controle de ancoragem mais apropriado, bem como uma retração mais eficaz.The versatility of Biomechanics with the use of "smart wires" allows different strategies in order to achieve a better control in orthodontic cases. Multifunctional orthodontic wires (nickel-titanium intrusion arch-CIA® and M-loop® archwires were developed in order to provide advantages in clinical management for the orthodontists. Since the force system, along with the side effects, of theses wires is well understood it becomes easier to use noncompliance mechanics. The present paper showed the clinical applications of the "smart wires" (nickel-titanium intrusion arch and M-loop archwires capable of simultaneously performing different orthodontic movements in extraction cases which minimize the need for high anchorage control.

  8. 12 CFR 1.8 - Nonconforming investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nonconforming investments. 1.8 Section 1.8 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INVESTMENT SECURITIES § 1.8 Nonconforming investments. (a) A national bank's investment in securities that no longer conform to this part...

  9. 12 CFR 703.18 - Grandfathered investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Grandfathered investments. 703.18 Section 703... INVESTMENT AND DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES § 703.18 Grandfathered investments. (a) Subject to safety and soundness... zero coupon security with a maturity greater than 10 years, if it purchased the investment: (1) Before...

  10. 12 CFR 347.108 - Portfolio investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Portfolio investments. 347.108 Section 347.108... INTERNATIONAL BANKING § 347.108 Portfolio investments. (a) Portfolio investments. If a bank, directly or indirectly, acquires or holds an equity interest in a foreign organization as a portfolio investment and the...

  11. 75 FR 76630 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-Direct...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-09

    ....S. Direct Investment Abroad--Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter With Foreign Affiliate.'' The..., Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad--Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter With Foreign...] RIN 0691--AA75 Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad...

  12. Investment Timing When External Financing Is Costly

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hirth, Stefan; Uhrig-Homburg, Marliese

    2010-01-01

    This paper analyzes the investment timing of firms facing two dimensions of financing constraints: Liquidity constraints and capital market frictions inducing financing costs. We show that liquidity constraints are not sufficient to explain voluntary investment delay. However, when additionally...... considering financing costs, we can explain both voluntary delay and acceleration of investment. More precisely, we find that investment thresholds are U-shaped in liquid funds. For high-liquidity firms, investment thresholds are decreasing (i.e. accelerated investment takes place) in either dimension...... of financing constraint. In contrast, investment thresholds are increasing (i.e. investment is further delayed) in either form of financing constraint for low-liquidity firms. For intermediate levels of liquidity, investment thresholds are U-shaped in market frictions....

  13. On attracting investment to Russian economy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oleinik Elena

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Modern conditions of economic systems development have necessitated more precise directions of investment process for the economic growth to accelerate. The precipitous fall of oil prices that occurred in the second half of 2014 weighed heavily on foreign direct investment flows to oilexporting countries. The problem of attracting investment is one of the key problems of economic development. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the shifts in the structure of investments, the study of the structure of investments to the Russian economy. Structural changes result from differences in the growth rate of the elements forming an economic system. An integral coefficient has been used for evaluation of structural changes. Multiple regression was used to analyze the impact of various factors on the change in structure of investment. The regression coefficients in the model give quantitative assessment of the pace of change in the structure as it depends on a specific factor. The model estimation shows that the variables “share of investments in manufacturing” (positive influence and “share of investments in the health, physical culture, education” (negative influence have the largest t-values. Hence, these two factors influence the structural changes in investments most strongly The evaluation and analysis of the structural shifts may lead to conclusions regarding the efficiency of the structure investment and adjustment of the economic policy.

  14. Gravity inversion code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Burkhard, N.R.

    1979-01-01

    The gravity inversion code applies stabilized linear inverse theory to determine the topography of a subsurface density anomaly from Bouguer gravity data. The gravity inversion program consists of four source codes: SEARCH, TREND, INVERT, and AVERAGE. TREND and INVERT are used iteratively to converge on a solution. SEARCH forms the input gravity data files for Nevada Test Site data. AVERAGE performs a covariance analysis on the solution. This document describes the necessary input files and the proper operation of the code. 2 figures, 2 tables

  15. Identifying options for regulating the coordination of network investments with investments in distributed electricity generation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nisten, E.

    2010-02-01

    The increase in the distributed generation of electricity, with wind turbines and solar panels, necessitates investments in the distribution network. The current tariff regulation in the Dutch electricity industry, with its ex post evaluation of the efficiency of investments and the frontier shift in the x-factor, delays these investments. In the unbundled electricity industry, the investments in the network need to be coordinated with those in the distributed generation of electricity to enable the DSOs to build enough network capacity. The current Dutch regulations do not provide for a sufficient information exchange between the generators and the system operators to coordinate the investments. This paper analyses these two effects of the Dutch regulation, and suggests improvements to the regulation of the network connection and transportation tariffs to allow for sufficient network capacity and coordination between the investments in the network and in the generation of electricity. These improvements include locally differentiated tariffs that increase with an increasing concentration of distributed generators.

  16. Financing Investment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hirth, Stefan; Flor, Christian Riis

    Intuition suggests that corporate investment should be decreasing in financing constraints. We show that even when financing is obtained using a standard debt contract and there is symmetric information between the firm and outside investors, the relation is actually U-shaped. We thus provide a new...... theoretical explanation for the recent empirical findings of Cleary et al. (2007). We split up the endogenously implied financing costs and propose a trade-off between expected liquidation costs and second-best investment costs. For rather unconstrained firms, the risk of costly liquidation dominates the cost...

  17. Stratigraphic inversion of pre-stack multicomponent data; Inversion stratigraphique multicomposante avant sommation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Agullo, Y.

    2005-09-15

    This thesis present the extension of mono-component seismic pre-stack data stratigraphical inversion method to multicomponent data, with the objective of improving the determination of reservoir elastic parameters. In addiction to the PP pressure waves, the PS converted waves proved their interest for imaging under gas clouds; and their potential is highly significant for the characterization of lithologies, fluids, fractures... Nevertheless the simultaneous use ol PP and PS data remains problematic because of their different the time scales. To jointly use the information contained in PP and PS data, we propose a method in three steps first, mono-component stratigraphic inversions of PP then PS data; second, estimation of the PP to PS time conversion law; third, multicomponent stratigraphic inversion. For the second point, the estimation of the PP to PS conversion law is based on minimizing the difference between the S impedances obtained from PP and PS mono-component stratigraphic inversion. The pre-stack mono-component stratigraphic inversions was adapted to the case of multicomponent data by leaving each type of data in its own time scale in order to avoid the distortion of the seismic wavelet. The results obtained on a realistic synthetic PP-PS case show on one hand that determining PP to PS conversion law (from the mono-component inversion results) is feasible, and on the other hand that the joint inversion of PP and PS data with this conversion law improves the results compared to the mono-component inversion ones. Although this is presented within the framework of the PP and PS multi-component data, the developed methodology adapts directly to PP and SS data for example. (author)

  18. Sanitation investments in Ghana

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Awunyo-Akaba, Y.; Awunyo-Akaba, J.; Gyapong, M.

    2016-01-01

    with people’s willingness and ability to invest in household sanitation across all communities. The status of being a stranger i.e. migrant in the area left some populations without rights over the land they occupied and with low incentives to invest in sanitation, while indigenous communities were challenged......Background: Ghana’s low investment in household sanitation is evident from the low rates of improved sanitation. This study analysed how land ownership, tenancy security and livelihood patterns are related to sanitation investments in three adjacent rural and peri-urban communities in a district...... communities were triangulated with multiple interview material and contextual knowledge on social structures, history of settlement, land use, livelihoods, and access to and perceptions about sanitation. Results: This study shows that the history of settlement and land ownership issues are highly correlated...

  19. 12 CFR 211.9 - Investment procedures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... Investment procedures. (a) General provisions. 5 Direct and indirect investments shall be made in accordance... for general consent. An investment in a foreign bank may not be made under authority of paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section if: (1) After the investment, the foreign bank would be an affiliate of a...

  20. 31 CFR 537.311 - New investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false New investment. 537.311 Section 537....311 New investment. (a) The term new investment means any of the following activities if such activity... located in Burma, without regard to the form of the participation. (b) The term new investment shall not...

  1. Government Strategic Support for Investment Activity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Turekulova, Assiya N.; Mukhambetova, Lyazzat K.; Doshan, Almagul S.; Issabekov, Baurzhan N.; Chimgentbayeva, Gulbakyt K.; Turegeldinova, Aliya Zh.

    2016-01-01

    When system risks are high most investors choose to exit the market; however, there are some contrarian investors who opt to make investments. The authors analyzed the main goals of the investment process and measures that should be provided by the government to stimulate investments and innovation especially by means of investment banking. The…

  2. 12 CFR 956.2 - Authorized investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authorized investments. 956.2 Section 956.2... ITEMS FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK INVESTMENTS § 956.2 Authorized investments. In addition to assets... securities of any small business investment company formed pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 681(d), to the extent such...

  3. Does Investment Treaty Affect the Improvement on FDI?

    OpenAIRE

    Eunsook Seo

    2008-01-01

    The paper analyzes how investment treaty affects investment creation. Analysis results show that investment treaty could not directly affect the increase in investment with the form of investment agreement contradicting and the opening of investment treaty countries have increased a great deal of investment. Contracting the investment agreement means to ultimately improve the investment environment such as policy transparency, simplification of administration, and the simplification or the cl...

  4. Reform of investment policy in the function of sustainable development with special emphasis on investment in information technologies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dragičević-Radičević Tatjana

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Global economy still records a decline in FDI. The main causes are increased economic instability and geopolitical risks. Given the continued negative trend, it is clear that it is necessary to reform the investment policies at the national, regional, bilateral, multilateral and international level, to ensure sustainable economic development. Key elements of the reforms are: to provide instruments to reduce risks, create mechanisms of responsible investment, improve the structural coherence and promote regional investments. Refer to the current dates of the sectors investments (according to the report of UNCTAD from 2015th shows that the services sector recorded double growth compared to the investment in the manufacturing sector in 2012. Also, if we take into consideration the fact that investment in IT sector investment involves three aspects: transactional (minimizing costs, strategic (innovation technologies, achieving competitiveness and information (improving access to information and communications, it may be assumed that the reforms in the investment policies should be directly correlated with investments in information technology.

  5. Inverse planning IMRT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rosenwald, J.-C.

    2008-01-01

    The lecture addressed the following topics: Optimizing radiotherapy dose distribution; IMRT contributes to optimization of energy deposition; Inverse vs direct planning; Main steps of IMRT; Background of inverse planning; General principle of inverse planning; The 3 main components of IMRT inverse planning; The simplest cost function (deviation from prescribed dose); The driving variable : the beamlet intensity; Minimizing a 'cost function' (or 'objective function') - the walker (or skier) analogy; Application to IMRT optimization (the gradient method); The gradient method - discussion; The simulated annealing method; The optimization criteria - discussion; Hard and soft constraints; Dose volume constraints; Typical user interface for definition of optimization criteria; Biological constraints (Equivalent Uniform Dose); The result of the optimization process; Semi-automatic solutions for IMRT; Generalisation of the optimization problem; Driving and driven variables used in RT optimization; Towards multi-criteria optimization; and Conclusions for the optimization phase. (P.A.)

  6. Investment in Developing Countries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Motooka, Takeshi

    1973-01-01

    The fundamental problems of investment in rural education in the present developing countries are analyzed. Needs of rural education are outlined and financial considerations related to investment in the improvement of rural educational programs are discussed. (SM)

  7. APPROACHES FOR EVALUATING AND FINANCING INVESTMENT PROJECTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARIA-LOREDANA POPESCU

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available This article presents the financial investment approach and the investment evaluation methods, which are criteria for assessing both investment projects and their funding sources. An important role in the analysis carried out is played by the investment decision and financing decision quality. Making an investment decision implies computing the related investment efficiency indicators. They allow the comparison of several variants of the same investment project as well as their comparison with other projects in the same industry or in other industries. The financing decision concerns the selection between their own sources (share capital, depreciation fund, profits, reserve funds, additional capital, revenues from investments, attracted sources (domestic resource mobilization and borrowed sources (credits.

  8. From green investments to ecotax

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stam, B.

    1996-01-01

    Since 1991 several fiscal regulations are in effect for businesses, energy companies and civilians to invest in environmental and renewable projects. Although those so-called 'green investment' options are a great success, there is another, less positive, side to that success. Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of several fiscal tools to invest in renewable energy are briefly discussed

  9. Investments for medical equipment in a mother and child health hospital: correlation with level of services/departments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trevisanuto, Daniele; Raggi, Roberto; Bavuusuren, Bayasgalantai; Tudevdorj, Erkhembaatar; Doglioni, Nicoletta; Zanardo, Vincenzo

    2011-02-01

    To assess whether investments for medical equipments assigned by a team of experts to a mother and child health hospital located in Mongolia were correlated with structural, organizational, and educational level of its services/departments. A score was used for evaluating the level of each service/department. It was based on a 'structural area' and an 'organizational and educational area'. Destination of funds was determined by a team of experts in collaboration with the head of the service/department. Thirty-three of 36 services/departments (91.6%) were evaluated. A total sum of 4,432,140 Euros to invest in medical equipment was estimated. Assigned investments were inversely correlated with the total (structural plus organizational and educational area) score (n = 33; r =  -0.59; p = 0.0002), and the specific scores for structural area (n = 33; r = -0.46; p = 0.005) and organizational and educational area (n = 33; r =  -0.56; p = 0.0006). A large part of the funds for medical equipment was destined to services/departments with low organizational and educational conditions, limiting the potential effect of the aid meanwhile supporting the most in need departments. Educational efforts and monitoring of specific long-term indicators are mandatory.

  10. Missouri airport investment study

    Science.gov (United States)

    The studys purpose is to provide MoDOT with insight to the potential ROI for airport : investments in terms of economic development. To do so, this study addresses two central : objectives: first, an approach to evaluate airport investments; and s...

  11. Pemanfaatan Limbah Investment Menjadi Barang Kerajinan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hastuti Kusreni

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk memanfaatkan kembali limbah investment padat yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan teknologi proses pembuatan barang kerajinan yang bisa  diterapkan untuk usaha kecil kerajinan. Pada pembuatan perhiasan dengan metode wax lost casting digunakan bahan investment powder yang menghasilkan limbah padat investment. Limbah padat investment bisa dibuat barang kerajinan dengan cara menambah resin katalist, gips, alkasit, sabut kelapa, semen putih, yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki sifat plastisitas, meningkatkan kekuatan dan mempercepat pengeringan. Untuk menentukan kualitas sampel dilakukan uji terhadap sifat plastisitas, kekuatan, kekerasan dan waktu pengeringan yang dilakukan secara visual. Hasil olahan limbah investment dengan penambahan gips, alkasit, sabut kelapa dengan komposisi 10:2:1:4, pengeringan selama 3 hari menghasilkan barang kerajinan yang kurang keras, plastis dan kuat. Hasil olahan limbah investment dengan penambahan gips, semen putih dengan komposisi 10:2:4, pengeringan selama 3 jam menghasilkan barang kerajinan yang keras dan plastis. Kata kunci : limbah investment padat

  12. Irreversible investments revisited

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sandal, Leif K.; Steinshamn, Stein I.; Hoff, Ayoe

    2007-01-01

    A multi-dimensional, non-linear dynamic model in continuous time is presented for the purpose of finding the optimal combination of exploitation and capital investment in optimal renewable resource management. Non-malleability of capital is incorporated in the model through an asymmetric cost......-function of investment, and investments can be both positive and negative. Exploitation is controlled through the utilisation rate of available capital. A novel feature in this model is that there are costs associated with the available capital whether it is utilised or not. And, in contrast to most of the previous...... literature, the state variables, namely the physical capital and the biological resource, enter the objective function. Due to the nonlinearities in this model some of the results are in sharp contrast to previous literature....

  13. 12 CFR 225.111 - Limit on investment by bank holding company system in stock of small business investment companies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    .... L. 90-104, 81 Stat. 268, 270), a national bank may invest in stock of small business investment... system in stock of small business investment companies. 225.111 Section 225.111 Banks and Banking FEDERAL... Limit on investment by bank holding company system in stock of small business investment companies. (a...

  14. Precommitted Investment Strategy versus Time-Consistent Investment Strategy for a Dual Risk Model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lidong Zhang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We are concerned with optimal investment strategy for a dual risk model. We assume that the company can invest into a risk-free asset and a risky asset. Short-selling and borrowing money are allowed. Due to lack of iterated-expectation property, the Bellman Optimization Principle does not hold. Thus we investigate the precommitted strategy and time-consistent strategy, respectively. We take three steps to derive the precommitted investment strategy. Furthermore, the time-consistent investment strategy is also obtained by solving the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. We compare the precommitted strategy with time-consistent strategy and find that these different strategies have different advantages: the former can make value function maximized at the original time t=0 and the latter strategy is time-consistent for the whole time horizon. Finally, numerical analysis is presented for our results.

  15. Research of relationship between uncertainty and investment

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    MENG Li; WANG Ding-wei

    2005-01-01

    This study focuses on revealing the relationship between uncertainty and investment probability through real option model involving investment critical trigger and project earning. Use of Matlab software on the experimental results showing that project earning volatility influences investment probability, led the authors to conclude that this notion is not always correct, as increasing uncertainty should have an inhibiting effect on investment, and that in certain situation, increasing uncertainty actually increases the investment probability and so, should have positive impact on investment.

  16. Post-modern portfolio theory supports diversification in an investment portfolio to measure investment's performance

    OpenAIRE

    Rasiah, Devinaga

    2012-01-01

    This study looks at the Post-Modern Portfolio Theory that maintains greater diversification in an investment portfolio by using the alpha and the beta coefficient to measure investment performance. Post-Modern Portfolio Theory appreciates that investment risk should be tied to each investor's goals and the outcome of this goal did not symbolize economic of the financial risk. Post-Modern Portfolio Theory's downside measure generated a noticeable distinction between downside and upside volatil...

  17. Investment banks in AIC – alternative loan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O.V. Lysenok

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Determining the status and problems of modern investment in agricultural enterprises, as well as ways to improve their financial security. The article deals with the essence of investments and their varieties. The dynamics of the securities portfolio of domestic banks and investments in agriculture. According to a study submitted proposals to increase investment banking businesses in the agricultural sector, which is necessary to create such conditions are not included in the calculation of the volume of investment regulations investment banking provided by agribusiness companies; availability of specialized banks, which will focus its resources on the development of agricultural enterprises; give banks the opportunity to issue special investment certificates, which received funds will be channeled exclusively on investing in the development of agricultural enterprises; for the above to create an appropriate legal framework.

  18. 76 FR 58420 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-12, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-21

    ...] RIN 0691-AA80 Direct Investment Surveys: BE-12, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the... of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. Benchmark surveys are conducted every five years; the prior survey covered 2007. The benchmark survey covers the universe of foreign direct investment...

  19. Sharp spatially constrained inversion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vignoli, Giulio G.; Fiandaca, Gianluca G.; Christiansen, Anders Vest C A.V.C.

    2013-01-01

    We present sharp reconstruction of multi-layer models using a spatially constrained inversion with minimum gradient support regularization. In particular, its application to airborne electromagnetic data is discussed. Airborne surveys produce extremely large datasets, traditionally inverted...... by using smoothly varying 1D models. Smoothness is a result of the regularization constraints applied to address the inversion ill-posedness. The standard Occam-type regularized multi-layer inversion produces results where boundaries between layers are smeared. The sharp regularization overcomes...... inversions are compared against classical smooth results and available boreholes. With the focusing approach, the obtained blocky results agree with the underlying geology and allow for easier interpretation by the end-user....

  20. Introduction to Schroedinger inverse scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roberts, T.M.

    1991-01-01

    Schroedinger inverse scattering uses scattering coefficients and bound state data to compute underlying potentials. Inverse scattering has been studied extensively for isolated potentials q(x), which tend to zero as vertical strokexvertical stroke→∞. Inverse scattering for isolated impurities in backgrounds p(x) that are periodic, are Heaviside steps, are constant for x>0 and periodic for x<0, or that tend to zero as x→∞ and tend to ∞ as x→-∞, have also been studied. This paper identifies literature for the five inverse problems just mentioned, and for four other inverse problems. Heaviside-step backgrounds are discussed at length. (orig.)

  1. A Generalization of the Spherical Inversion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramírez, José L.; Rubiano, Gustavo N.

    2017-01-01

    In the present article, we introduce a generalization of the spherical inversion. In particular, we define an inversion with respect to an ellipsoid, and prove several properties of this new transformation. The inversion in an ellipsoid is the generalization of the elliptic inversion to the three-dimensional space. We also study the inverse images…

  2. A Neuroeconomics Analysis of Investment Process with Money Flow Information: The Error-Related Negativity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cuicui Wang

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This investigation is among the first ones to analyze the neural basis of an investment process with money flow information of financial market, using a simplified task where volunteers had to choose to buy or not to buy stocks based on the display of positive or negative money flow information. After choosing “to buy” or “not to buy,” participants were presented with feedback. At the same time, event-related potentials (ERPs were used to record investor’s brain activity and capture the event-related negativity (ERN and feedback-related negativity (FRN components. The results of ERN suggested that there might be a higher risk and more conflict when buying stocks with negative net money flow information than positive net money flow information, and the inverse was also true for the “not to buy” stocks option. The FRN component evoked by the bad outcome of a decision was more negative than that by the good outcome, which reflected the difference between the values of the actual and expected outcome. From the research, we could further understand how investors perceived money flow information of financial market and the neural cognitive effect in investment process.

  3. A Neuroeconomics Analysis of Investment Process with Money Flow Information: The Error-Related Negativity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Cuicui; Vieito, João Paulo; Ma, Qingguo

    2015-01-01

    This investigation is among the first ones to analyze the neural basis of an investment process with money flow information of financial market, using a simplified task where volunteers had to choose to buy or not to buy stocks based on the display of positive or negative money flow information. After choosing “to buy” or “not to buy,” participants were presented with feedback. At the same time, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to record investor's brain activity and capture the event-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) components. The results of ERN suggested that there might be a higher risk and more conflict when buying stocks with negative net money flow information than positive net money flow information, and the inverse was also true for the “not to buy” stocks option. The FRN component evoked by the bad outcome of a decision was more negative than that by the good outcome, which reflected the difference between the values of the actual and expected outcome. From the research, we could further understand how investors perceived money flow information of financial market and the neural cognitive effect in investment process. PMID:26557139

  4. 76 FR 79054 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-12, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-21

    ...] RIN 0691-AA80 Direct Investment Surveys: BE-12, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the... reporting requirements for the 2012 BE-12, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United... survey covers the universe of foreign direct investment in the United States, and is BEA's most detailed...

  5. Rating in the Assessment of Investment Property

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Śmietana Katarzyna

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available The implementation of rating procedures is associated with searching for tools that provide an objective and standardized assessment of investment risk. For this reason, rating is an important and often essential element of investment decision-making processes which determines the development of the capital market, including the real estate investment market. In the investment property market, not only does rating provide transparency of property risk, but it can also be used for real estate portfolio analysis, investment controlling, and the analysis of factors determining investment decisions (ESV 2012.

  6. Investment patterns in Dutch glasshouse horticulture

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Goncharova, N.

    2007-01-01

    Keywords: investment, uncertainty, investment spikes, entry, exit, duration model, GMM dynamic panel data estimator, Negative Binomial model, Heckman selection model, moving window ARIMA, Principal Component analysis, horticulture

    This thesis focuses on the analysis of investment

  7. 47 CFR 32.1406 - Nonregulated investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Nonregulated investments. 32.1406 Section 32.1406 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM... Nonregulated investments. This account shall include the carrier's investment in nonregulated activities...

  8. Policy Uncertainty, Investment and Commitment Periods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2007-07-01

    Today's investment decisions in key sectors such as energy, forestry or transport have significant impacts on the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the coming decades. Given the economic and environmental long-term implications of capital investment and retirement, a climate mitigation regime should aim to encourage capital investment in climate-friendly technologies. Many factors affect technology choice and the timing of investment, including investor expectations about future prices and policies. Recent international discussions have focused on the importance of providing more certainty about future climate policy stringency. The design of commitment periods can play a role in creating this environment. This paper assesses how the length of commitment periods influences policy uncertainty and investment decisions. In particular, the paper analyses the relationship between commitment period length and near term investment decisions in climate friendly technology.

  9. Comparative Analysis of Investment Decision Models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ieva Kekytė

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Rapid development of financial markets resulted new challenges for both investors and investment issues. This increased demand for innovative, modern investment and portfolio management decisions adequate for market conditions. Financial market receives special attention, creating new models, includes financial risk management and investment decision support systems.Researchers recognize the need to deal with financial problems using models consistent with the reality and based on sophisticated quantitative analysis technique. Thus, role mathematical modeling in finance becomes important. This article deals with various investments decision-making models, which include forecasting, optimization, stochatic processes, artificial intelligence, etc., and become useful tools for investment decisions.

  10. Socially responsible investments in mutual funds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Funaru, M.

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to add contribution to the socially responsible investments (from now on called “SRI” research by examining the significance of this type of investment in terms of ethical or financial prior behaviour. Using the sample of European market of socially responsible investments funds, we first explore the SRI market dimension compared to the global data on SRI. We also investigate whether the ethical recognition is more important rather than the financial performance. Applied to the European social responsible investment fund market, the paper investigates the difference between these two aspects of behaviour and underlies the importance of socially responsible investments in promoting a sustainable development.

  11. Wake Vortex Inverse Model User's Guide

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, David; Delisi, Donald

    2008-01-01

    NorthWest Research Associates (NWRA) has developed an inverse model for inverting landing aircraft vortex data. The data used for the inversion are the time evolution of the lateral transport position and vertical position of both the port and starboard vortices. The inverse model performs iterative forward model runs using various estimates of vortex parameters, vertical crosswind profiles, and vortex circulation as a function of wake age. Forward model predictions of lateral transport and altitude are then compared with the observed data. Differences between the data and model predictions guide the choice of vortex parameter values, crosswind profile and circulation evolution in the next iteration. Iterations are performed until a user-defined criterion is satisfied. Currently, the inverse model is set to stop when the improvement in the rms deviation between the data and model predictions is less than 1 percent for two consecutive iterations. The forward model used in this inverse model is a modified version of the Shear-APA model. A detailed description of this forward model, the inverse model, and its validation are presented in a different report (Lai, Mellman, Robins, and Delisi, 2007). This document is a User's Guide for the Wake Vortex Inverse Model. Section 2 presents an overview of the inverse model program. Execution of the inverse model is described in Section 3. When executing the inverse model, a user is requested to provide the name of an input file which contains the inverse model parameters, the various datasets, and directories needed for the inversion. A detailed description of the list of parameters in the inversion input file is presented in Section 4. A user has an option to save the inversion results of each lidar track in a mat-file (a condensed data file in Matlab format). These saved mat-files can be used for post-inversion analysis. A description of the contents of the saved files is given in Section 5. An example of an inversion input

  12. Alternative approaches to transmission investment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Welch, J.L. [International Transmission Co., Detroit, MI (United States)

    2004-07-01

    The International Transmission Company (ITC) is an independent power transmission company that owns, operates and maintains the high voltage transmission system in southeastern Michigan. The company's current focus is on investing in the transmission infrastructure to improve reliability, relieve congestion, improve access to generation and reduce energy costs for consumers. There is a need for investment in power transmission. Trends indicate that power transactions are on the rise while transmission investment is lagging because pricing protocols are inadequate and there is no regional tariff mechanism to allocate the benefits of new investment. The presentation reviewed the applicability of FTRs to transmission owners and the pitfalls of participant funding pricing. It also outlined the regional benefit allocation mechanism (RBAM) with an illustrative example. It was concluded that existing pricing policies must be improved to address the growing need for transmission investment. RBAM is needed to help investors recover costs from project beneficiaries. figs.

  13. 13 CFR 301.7 - Investment Assistance proposal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment Assistance proposal... COMMERCE ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND PROPOSAL AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Proposal and Application Requirements; Evaluation Criteria § 301.7 Investment Assistance proposal. (a) The EDA Investment Assistance...

  14. Finans/Invest - Årsrapport 2014

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bechmann, Ken L.

    2015-01-01

    Lederen gør status for Finans/Invest i 2014 gennem en "årsrapport", hvor en række centrale nøgletal for Finans/Invest præsenteres. Nøgletallene viser eksempelvis, at ca. hver femte artikel/artikelforslag afvises, at forfatterne til publicerede artikler er ligeligt fordelt mellem akademikere og...... praktikere, samt at artiklerne i Finans/Invest har givet anledning til en del medieopmærksomhed i 2014....

  15. Keynes, investment, unemployment and expectations

    OpenAIRE

    Smith, Ron P.; Zoega, Gylfi

    2009-01-01

    In Keynes' General Theory, investment determines effective demand, which determines unemployment and the labour market plays a negligible role. In New Keynesian models, labour market institutions determine the natural rate of unemployment and the speed at which unemployment adjusts to it. Investment is mostly ignored as a key variable behind the problem of high unemployment, despite a strong empirical association between investment and unemployment. We discuss the evolution of the 'Keynesian'...

  16. Optimal Inversion Parameters for Full Waveform Inversion using OBS Data Set

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, S.; Chung, W.; Shin, S.; Kim, D.; Lee, D.

    2017-12-01

    In recent years, full Waveform Inversion (FWI) has been the most researched technique in seismic data processing. It uses the residuals between observed and modeled data as an objective function; thereafter, the final subsurface velocity model is generated through a series of iterations meant to minimize the residuals.Research on FWI has expanded from acoustic media to elastic media. In acoustic media, the subsurface property is defined by P-velocity; however, in elastic media, properties are defined by multiple parameters, such as P-velocity, S-velocity, and density. Further, the elastic media can also be defined by Lamé constants, density or impedance PI, SI; consequently, research is being carried out to ascertain the optimal parameters.From results of advanced exploration equipment and Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) survey, it is now possible to obtain multi-component seismic data. However, to perform FWI on these data and generate an accurate subsurface model, it is important to determine optimal inversion parameters among (Vp, Vs, ρ), (λ, μ, ρ), and (PI, SI) in elastic media. In this study, staggered grid finite difference method was applied to simulate OBS survey. As in inversion, l2-norm was set as objective function. Further, the accurate computation of gradient direction was performed using the back-propagation technique and its scaling was done using the Pseudo-hessian matrix.In acoustic media, only Vp is used as the inversion parameter. In contrast, various sets of parameters, such as (Vp, Vs, ρ) and (λ, μ, ρ) can be used to define inversion in elastic media. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the parameter that gives the most accurate result for inversion with OBS data set.In this study, we generated Vp and Vs subsurface models by using (λ, μ, ρ) and (Vp, Vs, ρ) as inversion parameters in every iteration, and compared the final two FWI results.This research was supported by the Basic Research Project(17-3312) of the Korea Institute of

  17. \\t Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) for the Management of Information Technology Investments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) is the Information Technology (IT) governance and management methodology in use at EPA for selecting, controlling and evaluating the performance of EPA IT investments throughout the full lifecycle.

  18. Foreign Investments in Russia in 2012

    OpenAIRE

    Ekaterina Iliukhina

    2013-01-01

    In 2012, a decline in foreign investors’ activities in the Russian Federation was observed. The inflow of foreign investments as a share of GDP decreased by 2.3 p.p. as compared to 2011. Foreign investments concentrated mainly in the industry and the fi nancial sector. In the industry, the leaders were manufacturing industries. As the geographic pattern of foreign investments is concerned, the largest volume of investments into the Russian Federation came from Switzerland, the Netherlands and...

  19. Investments in liberalised power markets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grenaa Jensen, S.; Meibom, P.

    2005-01-01

    There is considerable uncertainty in the Nordic electricity system with respect to the long-term development in production capacity. The process towards liberalisation of the electricity sector started with a situation of a large capacity margin, but this margin is gradually vanishing. Since the potential investors in new production capacity are unaccustomed with investments under the new regime, it is unknown if and when investments will take place. The purpose of the present study is to analyze if and when investors choose to invest in new electricity production capacity depending on their existing portfolio of power producing units. Electricity price scenarios generated with a partial equilibrium model (Balmorel) are combined with a model of investment decisions. In this, various scenarios concerning the development in the Nordic power market, such as new transmission lines between neighbouring countries, more installed wind power, and changes in CO 2 emission trading costs, are used to investigate the consequences for investments in a natural gas fired, combined cycle power plant. The main result of the analysis is that new investments are highly sensitive to investors existing power production portfolio, as new production units affect the merit order in the power market, i.e. compete with the existing power plants. (au)

  20. Investment under uncertainty : Timing and capacity optimization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wen, Xingang

    2017-01-01

    This thesis consists of three chapters on analyzing the optimal investment timing and investment capacity for the firm(s) undertaking irreversible investment in an uncertain environment. Chapter 2 studies the investment decision of a monopoly firm when it can adjust output quantity in a market with

  1. Hospital Capital Investment During the Great Recession.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Sung

    2017-01-01

    Hospital capital investment is important for acquiring and maintaining technology and equipment needed to provide health care. Reduction in capital investment by a hospital has negative implications for patient outcomes. Most hospitals rely on debt and internal cash flow to fund capital investment. The great recession may have made it difficult for hospitals to borrow, thus reducing their capital investment. I investigated the impact of the great recession on capital investment made by California hospitals. Modeling how hospital capital investment may have been liquidity constrained during the recession is a novel contribution to the literature. I estimated the model with California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data and system generalized method of moments. Findings suggest that not-for-profit and public hospitals were liquidity constrained during the recession. Comparing the changes in hospital capital investment between 2006 and 2009 showed that hospitals used cash flow to increase capital investment by $2.45 million, other things equal.

  2. Investment opportunities in an increasingly competitive environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Webb, Martin

    1999-01-01

    Four topic areas are considered: (1) The global context for energy investments, (2) Strategic investments in the gas chain, (3) Conventional and changing approaches to investing in gas and power, (4) New areas of opportunity. The presentation considers the challenging global context for investments and the current oil price outlook and more specifically the backdrop to the growth in demand for gas and its increasing availability and the implications of factors such as energy market liberalization. It notes the regional nature of gas and power markets and considers the issue of stranded supply and demand. It identifies an increasing trend towards investments up and down the gas chain by both traditional and new players and explores BP Amoco's own corporate response. The presentation then briefly reviews four major gas investments which BP Amoco has either already taken or is considering. It then discusses investments in gas to power and the growing environmental agenda, which is bringing a range of new and non-traditional investment opportunities

  3. Investment opportunities in an increasingly competitive environment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Webb, Martin

    1999-07-01

    Four topic areas are considered: (1) The global context for energy investments, (2) Strategic investments in the gas chain, (3) Conventional and changing approaches to investing in gas and power, (4) New areas of opportunity. The presentation considers the challenging global context for investments and the current oil price outlook and more specifically the backdrop to the growth in demand for gas and its increasing availability and the implications of factors such as energy market liberalization. It notes the regional nature of gas and power markets and considers the issue of stranded supply and demand. It identifies an increasing trend towards investments up and down the gas chain by both traditional and new players and explores BP Amoco's own corporate response. The presentation then briefly reviews four major gas investments which BP Amoco has either already taken or is considering. It then discusses investments in gas to power and the growing environmental agenda, which is bringing a range of new and non-traditional investment opportunities.

  4. Hospital Capital Investment During the Great Recession

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Sung

    2017-01-01

    Hospital capital investment is important for acquiring and maintaining technology and equipment needed to provide health care. Reduction in capital investment by a hospital has negative implications for patient outcomes. Most hospitals rely on debt and internal cash flow to fund capital investment. The great recession may have made it difficult for hospitals to borrow, thus reducing their capital investment. I investigated the impact of the great recession on capital investment made by California hospitals. Modeling how hospital capital investment may have been liquidity constrained during the recession is a novel contribution to the literature. I estimated the model with California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data and system generalized method of moments. Findings suggest that not-for-profit and public hospitals were liquidity constrained during the recession. Comparing the changes in hospital capital investment between 2006 and 2009 showed that hospitals used cash flow to increase capital investment by $2.45 million, other things equal. PMID:28617202

  5. 76 FR 43385 - Lending and Investment

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of Thrift Supervision Lending and Investment AGENCY: Office of... collection. Title of Proposal: Lending and Investment. OMB Number: 1550-0078. Form Number: N/A. Description: Current OTS regulations for the documentation of loans and investments for safety and soundness purposes...

  6. 76 FR 28504 - Lending and Investment

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-05-17

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of Thrift Supervision Lending and Investment AGENCY: Office of... collection. Title of Proposal: Lending and Investment. OMB Number: 1550-0078. Form Number: N/A. Description: Current OTS regulations for the documentation of loans and investments for safety and soundness purposes...

  7. Pension fund sophistication and investment policy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Dreu, J.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/364537906; Bikker, J.A.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/06912261X

    This paper assesses the sophistication of pension funds’ investment policies using data on 748 Dutch pension funds during the 1999–2006 period. We develop three indicators of sophistication: gross rounding of investment choices, investments in alternative sophisticated asset classes and ‘home bias’.

  8. Quantitative investment strategies and portfolio management

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Guo, J.

    2012-01-01

    This book contains three essays on alternative investments and portfolio management. Taking from a portfolio investor’s perspective, the first essay analyzes the portfolio implication of investing in hedge funds when there is a hedge fund lockup period. The second essay studies the investment

  9. Indicators of responsible investing

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Scholtens, Bert

    Responsible investment has witnessed significant changes in the past decade. It is estimated that about one fifth of assets under management in the US and about half of all assets under management in the EU are done on the basis of one of the seven responsible investment strategies. This paper

  10. 7 CFR 3560.305 - Return on investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Return on investment. 3560.305 Section 3560.305... AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Financial Management § 3560.305 Return on investment. (a) Borrower's return on investment. Borrowers may receive a return on their investment (ROI) in...

  11. 26 CFR 1.936-10 - Qualified investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Qualified investments. 1.936-10 Section 1.936... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Possessions of the United States § 1.936-10 Qualified investments. (a) In general. [Reserved] (b) Qualified investments in Puerto Rico. [Reserved] (c) Qualified investment in certain...

  12. 12 CFR 24.3 - Public welfare investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Public welfare investments. 24.3 Section 24.3... DEVELOPMENT ENTITIES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, AND OTHER PUBLIC WELFARE INVESTMENTS § 24.3 Public welfare investments. A national bank or national bank subsidiary may make an investment directly or...

  13. 12 CFR 560.43 - Foreign assistance investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Foreign assistance investments. 560.43 Section... INVESTMENT Lending and Investment Powers for Federal Savings Associations § 560.43 Foreign assistance investments. Pursuant to HOLA section 5(c)(4)(C), a Federal savings association may make foreign assistance...

  14. R & D STRATEGIC INVESTMENT IN AN ASYMMETRICAL CASE

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Minggao XUE; Pu GONG

    2006-01-01

    This article analyzes R & D investment decisions in an asymmetrical case. The investment decisions share three important characteristics. First, the investment is completely irreversible. Second,there are two kinds of uncertainties over the future returns from the investment and over technology in R & D process, respectively. Third, there is strategic competition in the asymmetrical case. This article presents the optimal investment threshold values and the optimal investment rule of high-efficient firm (leader), and shows that the investment threshold values are reduced by competition of two firms.Finally, the mixed investment strategies for two firms, the probability that each firm separately exercises the option to invest, and the probability that two firms simultaneously exercise the option are given in the paper.

  15. Optimisation of Investment Resources at Small Enterprises

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shvets Iryna B.

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The goal of the article lies in the study of the process of optimisation of the structure of investment resources, development of criteria and stages of optimisation of volumes of investment resources for small enterprises by types of economic activity. The article characterises the process of transformation of investment resources into assets and liabilities of the balances of small enterprises and conducts calculation of the structure of sources of formation of investment resources in Ukraine at small enterprises by types of economic activity in 2011. On the basis of the conducted analysis of the structure of investment resources of small enterprises the article forms main groups of criteria of optimisation in the context of individual small enterprises by types of economic activity. The article offers an algorithm and step-by-step scheme of optimisation of investment resources at small enterprises in the form of a multi-stage process of management of investment resources in the context of increase of their mobility and rate of transformation of existing resources into investments. The prospect of further studies in this direction is development of a structural and logic scheme of optimisation of volumes of investment resources at small enterprises.

  16. 12 CFR 703.16 - Prohibited investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prohibited investments. 703.16 Section 703.16 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INVESTMENT AND DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES § 703.16 Prohibited investments. (a) Derivatives. A Federal credit union may...

  17. Geopolitics and the corporate investment decision

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boulos, A.J.

    1996-01-01

    The impact of geopolitics in any international oil company's investment decisions, was discussed. Geopolitics in this context was defined as all government policies, be they economic, political strategic or military, that determine national interests, which a company has to take into account in making an investment decision. Geopolitical considerations have taken on added importance with the arrival of the Cold War and its aftermath, to the point where investment decisions based on traditional parameters such as geological productivity, rates of return, net present values, fiscal and contractual provisions frequently take a back seat to investment decisions that were taken with geopolitical impacts foremost in mind. From time to time, geopolitical factors can even pre-empt corporate investment decisions. The nature of geopolitics, its historical antecedents, the emergence of international rivalries following World War I, intensified after World War II, particularly after the formation of OPEC in 1973, the changing forms of resource ownership, and the general impact of geopolitical factors on corporate investment decisions were reviewed

  18. Considerations in Duplex Investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wright, Arthur; Goen, Tom

    Problems of duplex investment are noted in the introduction to this booklet designed to provide a technique by which the investment decision can be approached, develop estimates of typical costs and returns under differing conditions, and encourage investors to analyze objectives and conditions before the decision to buy or build is made. A…

  19. Optimal investment horizons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simonsen, I.; Jensen, M. H.; Johansen, A.

    2002-06-01

    In stochastic finance, one traditionally considers the return as a competitive measure of an asset, i.e., the profit generated by that asset after some fixed time span Δt, say one week or one year. This measures how well (or how bad) the asset performs over that given period of time. It has been established that the distribution of returns exhibits ``fat tails'' indicating that large returns occur more frequently than what is expected from standard Gaussian stochastic processes [1-3]. Instead of estimating this ``fat tail'' distribution of returns, we propose here an alternative approach, which is outlined by addressing the following question: What is the smallest time interval needed for an asset to cross a fixed return level of say 10%? For a particular asset, we refer to this time as the investment horizon and the corresponding distribution as the investment horizon distribution. This latter distribution complements that of returns and provides new and possibly crucial information for portfolio design and risk-management, as well as for pricing of more exotic options. By considering historical financial data, exemplified by the Dow Jones Industrial Average, we obtain a novel set of probability distributions for the investment horizons which can be used to estimate the optimal investment horizon for a stock or a future contract.

  20. 48 CFR 2152.210-70 - Investment income.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Investment income. 2152.210... CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 2152.210-70 Investment income. As prescribed in 2110.7004(a), insert the following clause: Investment Income (OCT 2005) (a) The Contractor must invest and reinvest all...

  1. 48 CFR 1652.215-71 - Investment Income.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Investment Income. 1652.215... 1652.215-71 Investment Income. As prescribed in 1615.470-1, the following clause shall be inserted in all FEHBP contracts based on cost analysis: Investment Income (JAN 1998) (a) The Carrier shall invest...

  2. 12 CFR 560.32 - Pass-through investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pass-through investments. 560.32 Section 560.32 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LENDING AND INVESTMENT Lending and Investment Powers for Federal Savings Associations § 560.32 Pass-through investments. (a) A...

  3. 12 CFR 560.36 - De minimis investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false De minimis investments. 560.36 Section 560.36 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LENDING AND INVESTMENT Lending and Investment Powers for Federal Savings Associations § 560.36 De minimis investments. A Federal...

  4. The Inverse Relation Between Risks and Benefits: The Role of Affect and Expertise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sokolowska, Joanna; Sleboda, Patrycja

    2015-07-01

    Although risk and benefits of risky activities are positively correlated in the real world, empirical results indicate that people perceive them as negatively correlated. The common explanation is that confounding benefits and losses stems from affect. In this article, we address the issue that has not been clearly established in studies on the affect heuristic: to what extent boundary conditions, such as judgments' generality and expertise, influence the presence of the inverse relation in judgments of hazards. These conditions were examined in four studies in which respondents evaluated general or specific benefits and risks of "affect-rich" and "affect-poor" hazards (ranging from investments to applications of stem cell research). In line with previous research, affect is defined as good or bad feelings integral to a stimulus. In contrast to previous research, affect is considered as related both to personal feelings and to social controversies associated with a hazard. Expertise is related to personal knowledge (laypersons vs. experts) as well as to objective knowledge (targets well vs. poorly known to science). The direct comparison of the input from personal and objective ignorance into the inverse relation has not been investigated previously. It was found that affect invoked by a hazard guides general but not specific judgments of its benefits and risks. Technical expertise helps to avoid simplified evaluations of consequences as long as they are well known to science. For new, poorly understood hazards (e.g., stem cell research), expertise does not protect from the perception of the inverse relation between benefits and risks. © 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.

  5. Investing in the Long Term

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Valerie; Sartor

    2007-01-01

    Janice Dai is a senior executive at Harvest Fund Management Co.Ltd.,one of China’s top fund management compa- nies,managing fixed income market investments across the country.She also leads her company’s overall institutional investments.Recently she agreed to talk about her company as well as comment on China’s booming financial indus- try,in the wake of overseas invest- ment bankers predicting tremen- dous returns on the Chinese main- land over the next few years.

  6. 31 CFR 560.207 - Prohibited investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Prohibited investment. 560.207... § 560.207 Prohibited investment. Except as otherwise authorized pursuant to this part, and... investment by a United States person in Iran or in property (including entities) owned or controlled by the...

  7. 31 CFR 586.312 - New investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false New investment. 586.312 Section 586.312 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF...) KOSOVO SANCTIONS REGULATIONS General Definitions § 586.312 New investment. The term new investment means...

  8. International Investment Law and EU Law

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    regional economic integration agreements, International Competition Law, International Investment Regulation, International Monetary Law, International Intellectual Property Protection and International Tax Law. In addition to the regular annual volumes, EYIEL Special Issues routinely address specific...... current topics in International Economic Law. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty entails sweeping changes with respect to foreign investment regulation. Most prominently, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) now contains in its Article 207 an explicit competence...... for the regulation of foreign direct investment as part of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP) chapter. With this new competence, the EU will become an important actor in the field of international investment politics and law. The new empowerment in the field of international investment law prompts a multitude...

  9. A framework for social investment strategies

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kvist, Jon

    2015-01-01

    and multidimensional nature of social issues and social investments. Theoretically, this article establishes such a framework consisting of generational, life course and gender perspectives on social investments. The generational perspective brings out that social investments involve horizontal redistribution......, underpin the productive and reproductive social contract between generations, and the increased diversity within generations. The life course perspective demonstrates how social issues and social investments in one life stage depend on the situation in prior life stages and affect the situation in later...... life stages and, possibly, in multiple dimensions. The gender perspective shows how social investments can improve economic and social returns when gender and ageing over the life course are taken into consideration. Empirically, cross-national patterns indicate a positive relation between social...

  10. The Investment Committee. Effective Committees. Board Basics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biggs, John H.

    1997-01-01

    The investment committee of the college or university governing board is charged with determining, overseeing, and assessing the policies and processes by which institutional funds are invested. The committee has fiduciary duty to ensure that the terms of investment of donors' gifts are met and to maximize investment returns within an appropriate…

  11. 12 CFR 5.36 - Other equity investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Other equity investments. 5.36 Section 5.36... PROCEDURES FOR CORPORATE ACTIVITIES Expansion of Activities § 5.36 Other equity investments. (a) Authority... types of equity investments pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 24(Seventh) and other statutes. These investments are...

  12. Benchmarking Investments in Advancement: Results of the Inaugural CASE Advancement Investment Metrics Study (AIMS). CASE White Paper

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kroll, Juidith A.

    2012-01-01

    The inaugural Advancement Investment Metrics Study, or AIMS, benchmarked investments and staffing in each of the advancement disciplines (advancement services, alumni relations, communications and marketing, fundraising and advancement management) as well as the return on the investment in fundraising specifically. This white paper reports on the…

  13. Interplay of Nitrogen-Atom Inversion and Conformational Inversion in Enantiomerization of 1H-1-Benzazepines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramig, Keith; Subramaniam, Gopal; Karimi, Sasan; Szalda, David J; Ko, Allen; Lam, Aaron; Li, Jeffrey; Coaderaj, Ani; Cavdar, Leyla; Bogdan, Lukasz; Kwon, Kitae; Greer, Edyta M

    2016-04-15

    A series of 2,4-disubstituted 1H-1-benzazepines, 2a-d, 4, and 6, were studied, varying both the substituents at C2 and C4 and at the nitrogen atom. The conformational inversion (ring-flip) and nitrogen-atom inversion (N-inversion) energetics were studied by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy and computations. The steric bulk of the nitrogen-atom substituent was found to affect both the conformation of the azepine ring and the geometry around the nitrogen atom. Also affected were the Gibbs free energy barriers for the ring-flip and the N-inversion. When the nitrogen-atom substituent was alkyl, as in 2a-c, the geometry of the nitrogen atom was nearly planar and the azepine ring was highly puckered; the result was a relatively high-energy barrier to ring-flip and a low barrier to N-inversion. Conversely, when the nitrogen-atom substituent was a hydrogen atom, as in 2d, 4, and 6, the nitrogen atom was significantly pyramidalized and the azepine ring was less puckered; the result here was a relatively high energy barrier to N-inversion and a low barrier to ring-flip. In these N-unsubstituted compounds, it was found computationally that the lowest-energy stereodynamic process was ring-flip coupled with N-inversion, as N-inversion alone had a much higher energy barrier.

  14. FACTORS DETERMINING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REGION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. I. Avtsinov

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Summary.In the article we can see relevance of the research aimed at creating a favorable investment climate in the country and its regions, as a necessary condition for solving the problems of modernization of industrial production, the introduction of scientific and technological progress in all spheres of public life, the implementation of large-scale social and productive programs. In the study we justify the theoretical principles and reveal the essence of the relationship concepts: investment climate, investment attractiveness and investment activity. It is proved that the investment attractiveness should be considered as a sign of factorial and important component of the investment climate in the region, and investment activity as a sign score. In the study we can see a wide range of factors shaping favorable conditions for investment activities. The author focuses on the importance of non-traditional factors shaping the investment attractiveness of such as reducing the time to connect to power grid, information communication, improvement of tax reporting procedures, clarity of customs work, the introduction of regulations for obtaining permits for construction of facilities and reducing the number of required documents. This article analyzes of the indices and the key factors of investment attractiveness of the Voronezh region, which attract investment, exceeding the national average. The main ones are the development of new industrial parks with good transport, engineering, business infrastructure. Investors in the region have favorable conditions to carry on business on the prepared sites with painted communications, junctions, allowing them to reduce production costs, while correspondingly increasing the investment attractiveness of the area. Success of the attracting investment in the Voronezh region is largely due to the introduction standard of the executive bodies of state power, including 15 documents designed to make the

  15. STATE REGULATION OF INVESTMENT INSURANCE COMPANIES IN UKRAINE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    О. Zaletov

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available In the article the essence of investment insurance company. The role and importance of investment of insurance companies on formation of investment resources in the economy. The essence of the definition of "investment potential of insurance companies" and its relationship with the definition of "financial strength of insurance companies' insurance and potential insurance companies." By analyzing the structure and dynamics of aggregate investment portfolio of insurance organizations of Ukraine in 2008-2015 years defined contribution insurance sector in the formation of investment resources. The problems and prospects of the investment potential of the insurance market of Ukraine. Directions of improvement of state regulation of investment of insurance companies in Ukraine.

  16. Social Investment in Times of Crisis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Prandini, Riccardo; Orlandini, Matteo; Guerra, Alice

    The purpose of this report is to analyse and understand whether and how, in the last twenty years, the EU member countries have adopted welfare systems which incorporate aspects of social investment. The quantitative and comparative study is focused on social investment strategies across 28...... European member states. The aim is to map out and explore the effectiveness of different social investment strategies. An overview of macro-level welfare performance indicators consist of a review of available macro-indicators to assess welfare performance in the light of social investment decisions....

  17. Some Phenomena on Negative Inversion Constructions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sung, Tae-Soo

    2013-01-01

    We examine the characteristics of NDI (negative degree inversion) and its relation with other inversion phenomena such as SVI (subject-verb inversion) and SAI (subject-auxiliary inversion). The negative element in the NDI construction may be" not," a negative adverbial, or a negative verb. In this respect, NDI has similar licensing…

  18. 75 FR 53611 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-Direct...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-01

    ...] RIN 0691-AA75 Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad--Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter With Foreign Affiliate AGENCY: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Commerce...-577 quarterly survey of U.S. direct investment abroad. The survey is conducted quarterly and obtains...

  19. Capital Investment Procedures for FEMYSO

    OpenAIRE

    Oluduro, Francis Oladele; Duru, Longinus; Al Jaafar, Mofid

    2008-01-01

    Date: 2008-06-05 Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration EF0703, 15 ECTS Credits. Authors: Longinus Duru (Stockholm), Francis O.Oluduro (Västerås) and Mofid Al Jaafar (Västerås) Title: Capital Investment Procedures for FEMYSO Problem Area: Undertaking an investment by FEMYSO involves weighing up the risk against the returns but still capital investment decision are still one of the most undertaken decisions by organization managers because it involves commitment of huge amount of mo...

  20. The Investment Policy Statement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Griswold, John S.; Jarvis, William F.

    2011-01-01

    Successful investing for long-term funds requires a strategic plan. This is true despite--indeed, because of--the fact that the future is unknowable. The plan must be specific, embodying in concrete terms the best thinking of the board of trustees about the investment pool, its goals and purposes; but it also needs to be sufficiently flexible to…

  1. Investment Attractiveness of Food Industries in Ukraine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. О.

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Effective investment is a factor for long-term company development. As enhancement of investment attractiveness is a required condition for economic growth and improvement of living standards, it needs to be on the agenda at government and company level. The article’s objective is to study investment attractiveness of food industries in Ukraine over 2012–2015. Investment attractiveness of food industries can be measured by indicators of liquidity, financial sustainability, and profit rate. Basically, food industries in Ukraine are attractive for investment, which is demonstrated by assessment of the financial indicators. The investment attractiveness worsened slightly in 2015 compared with 2014. The essential problems faced by food industries are shortage of internal funds and negative profit rate of all the activities, assets and own capital. Official statistical data and software package SPSS are used to build the dendrogram, allowing for dividing food industries by level of investment attractiveness into three groups: industries with high, medium and low level of investment attractiveness. It is found that meat industry is the one with the highest level of investment attractiveness. Also, investors should look positively at food-canning industry, oil and animal fat industry, flour-milling industry, starch and starch products industry, and other foods industry.

  2. 31 CFR 560.316 - New investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false New investment. 560.316 Section 560.316 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... § 560.316 New investment. The term new investment means a transaction after 12:01 EDT, May 7, 1995, that...

  3. 12 CFR 228.23 - Investment test.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment test. 228.23 Section 228.23 Banks... COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT (REGULATION BB) Standards for Assessing Performance § 228.23 Investment test. (a) Scope of test. The investment test evaluates a bank's record of helping to meet the credit needs of its...

  4. Investment under Uncertainty and Financial Crisis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Camilla

    The objective of the paper is to test the stability hypothesis – that foreign investors are relatively insulated from uncertainty and how it spills over on their investment adjustment cost. The Q model (implying that investments are explained by the fundamental value of the firm) is implemented...... with reasonable success for firm level panels in Turkey. Robustness of the results and despite the general obstacle that inflation poses on the study is increased by applying different datasets with different time horizons, different measures of investment and profitability and different problems of attrition...... it is found that the decline in the growth of the investment rate for domestic firms is at least twice as high compared to the decline in the growth of the investment rate among foreign held firms....

  5. Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gammeltoft, Peter; Tarmidi, Lepi T.

    2013-01-01

    In Indonesia, no systematic study of Chinese FDI has been undertaken to date. This paper contributes to filling this research gap and analyses the current composition as well as the historical evolution of Chinese FDI in Indonesia, relying on a survey conducted in 2008 among Chinese invested...... enterprises supplemented with key informant interviews, available official statistics and secondary data. Considering the evolution of Chinese investments in Indonesia over time, investments have evolved from being individual and isolated projects to acquiring more systemic properties. Chinese companies have...... acquired a broader sectoral presence in Indonesia and Chinese invested companies in, e.g., extractive or manufacturing activities can increasingly rely on complementary Chinese investments in logistics, travel, finance, etc. Where the local development effects are concerned, a picture emerges where Chinese...

  6. Review of capital investment in economic growth cycle

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaffie, Siti Salihah; Jaaman, Saiful Hafizah; Mohamad, Daud

    2016-11-01

    The study of linkages of macroeconomics factors is prominent in order to understand how the economic cycle affects one another. These factors include interest rate, growth rate, saving and capital investment which are mutually correlated to stabilize the GDP. Part of this study, it will look upon the impact of investment which emphasize the efficiency of capital investment to the economic growth. Capital investment is one investment appraisal that gives impact to the economic growth. It is a long term investment and involve with large amount of capital to incorporate the development of private and public capital investment.

  7. An application of sparse inversion on the calculation of the inverse data space of geophysical data

    KAUST Repository

    Saragiotis, Christos

    2011-07-01

    Multiple reflections as observed in seismic reflection measurements often hide arrivals from the deeper target reflectors and need to be removed. The inverse data space provides a natural separation of primaries and surface-related multiples, as the surface multiples map onto the area around the origin while the primaries map elsewhere. However, the calculation of the inverse data is far from trivial as theory requires infinite time and offset recording. Furthermore regularization issues arise during inversion. We perform the inversion by minimizing the least-squares norm of the misfit function and by constraining the 1 norm of the solution, being the inverse data space. In this way a sparse inversion approach is obtained. We show results on field data with an application to surface multiple removal. © 2011 IEEE.

  8. Optimal Investment Control of Macroeconomic Systems

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    ZHAO Ke-jie; LIU Chuan-zhe

    2006-01-01

    Economic growth is always accompanied by economic fluctuation. The target of macroeconomic control is to keep a basic balance of economic growth, accelerate the optimization of economic structures and to lead a rapid, sustainable and healthy development of national economies, in order to propel society forward. In order to realize the above goal, investment control must be regarded as the most important policy for economic stability. Readjustment and control of investment includes not only control of aggregate investment, but also structural control which depends on economic-technology relationships between various industries of a national economy. On the basis of the theory of a generalized system, an optimal investment control model for government has been developed. In order to provide a scientific basis for government to formulate a macroeconomic control policy, the model investigates the balance of total supply and aggregate demand through an adjustment in investment decisions realizes a sustainable and stable growth of the national economy. The optimal investment decision function proposed by this study has a unique and specific expression, high regulating precision and computable characteristics.

  9. Power generation investment in electricity markets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    Most IEA countries are liberalizing their electricity markets, shifting the responsibility for financing new investment in power generation to private investors. No longer able to automatically pass on costs to consumers, and with future prices of electricity uncertain, investors face a much riskier environment for investment in electricity infrastructure. This report looks at how investors have responded to the need to internalize investment risk in power generation. While capital and total costs remain the parameters shaping investment choices, the value of technologies which can be installed quickly and operated flexibly is increasingly appreciated. Investors are also managing risk by greater use of contracting, by acquiring retail businesses, and through mergers with natural gas suppliers. While liberalization was supposed to limit government intervention in the electricity market, volatile electricity prices have put pressure on governments to intervene and limit such prices. This study looks at several cases of volatile prices in IEA countries' electricity markets, and finds that while market prices can be a sufficient incentive for new investment in peak capacity, government intervention into the market to limit prices may undermine such investment

  10. Bandwagon investment equilibrium of a preemption game

    OpenAIRE

    Kim, KiHyung; Deshmukh, Abhijit

    2018-01-01

    In stochastic and competitive environments, investors face an investment dilemma because the environments provide conflicting incentives. Empirical research reports various behaviors exhibited by investors, including voluntary concurrent investments, which are called bandwagon investments. However, the current theoretical understanding is still limited in explaining under which condition the investment bandwagon effect occurs. The authors investigated the closed-loop subgame perfect equilibri...

  11. Identification of polymorphic inversions from genotypes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cáceres Alejandro

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Polymorphic inversions are a source of genetic variability with a direct impact on recombination frequencies. Given the difficulty of their experimental study, computational methods have been developed to infer their existence in a large number of individuals using genome-wide data of nucleotide variation. Methods based on haplotype tagging of known inversions attempt to classify individuals as having a normal or inverted allele. Other methods that measure differences between linkage disequilibrium attempt to identify regions with inversions but unable to classify subjects accurately, an essential requirement for association studies. Results We present a novel method to both identify polymorphic inversions from genome-wide genotype data and classify individuals as containing a normal or inverted allele. Our method, a generalization of a published method for haplotype data 1, utilizes linkage between groups of SNPs to partition a set of individuals into normal and inverted subpopulations. We employ a sliding window scan to identify regions likely to have an inversion, and accumulation of evidence from neighboring SNPs is used to accurately determine the inversion status of each subject. Further, our approach detects inversions directly from genotype data, thus increasing its usability to current genome-wide association studies (GWAS. Conclusions We demonstrate the accuracy of our method to detect inversions and classify individuals on principled-simulated genotypes, produced by the evolution of an inversion event within a coalescent model 2. We applied our method to real genotype data from HapMap Phase III to characterize the inversion status of two known inversions within the regions 17q21 and 8p23 across 1184 individuals. Finally, we scan the full genomes of the European Origin (CEU and Yoruba (YRI HapMap samples. We find population-based evidence for 9 out of 15 well-established autosomic inversions, and for 52 regions

  12. Debt Covenant Renegotiation and Investment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Arnold, Marc; Westermann, Ramona

    This paper analyzes the impact of debt covenant renegotiation outside corporate distress on firms. We study a structural model of a levered firm that can renegotiate debt both at investment and in corporate distress. Covenant renegotiation at investment reduces the agency cost of debt because...... it induces a firm value maximizing investment financing policy and mitigates the overinvestment problem. Incorporating renegotiation outside corporate distress is crucial to explain empirical occurrence patterns of debt renegotiation, the impact of debt renegotiation on corporate securities, and the relation...

  13. The role of investment, fundamental Q and financing frictions in agricultural investment decisions: an analysis pre and post financial crisis

    OpenAIRE

    Conor M. O'Toole; Carol Newman; Thia Hennessy

    2011-01-01

    This paper uses a fundamental Q model of investment to consider the role played by financing frictions in agricultural investment decisions, controlling econometrically for censoring, heterogeneity and errors-in-variables. Our findings suggest that farmer's in- vestment decisions are not driven by market fundamentals. We find some evidence that debt overhang restricts investment but investment is not dependent on liquidity or internal funds. The role of nancing frictions in determining invest...

  14. Uncertain Dynamics, Correlation Effects, and Robust Investment Decisions

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Flor, Christian Riis; Hesel, Søren

    2015-01-01

    We analyze a firm's investment problem when the dynamics of project value and investment cost are uncertain. We provide an explicit solution using a robust method for an ambiguity averse firm taking this into account. Ambiguity aversion regarding a common risk factor impacts differently than...... ambiguity aversion regarding investment cost residual risk. Correlation between project value and investment cost matters; ambiguity aversion regarding common risk can decrease the investment probability only if correlation is positive. Ambiguity aversion regarding residual risk always increases...... the investment probability. When only project value is risky, volatility can monotonically decrease the investment threshold; this does not hold with the multiple prior method....

  15. Market Power and Investment in Renewable Electricity Generation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ernstsen, Rune Ramsdal; Misir, Nihat

    while incurring lower investment costs. We additionally find that highly convex investment cost greatly diminishes the impact of market power on the investment decisions. Furthermore, for both the strategic firm and the social planner, fixed baseload generation is preferable during low installed...... approach to evaluate the investment decisions. In our paper we do not only focus on the differences in costs for different technologies but also on the differences in operation of those technologies and how those differences impact the optimal investment decisions. In our model, the one-time investment...... decision requires the determination of demand shock trigger level, choice of technology and level of optimal capacity. We specifically investigate how the investment triggers, optimal capacities and technology choices change with the changes to the investment cost function, demand uncertainty and the level...

  16. US Investment Treaties and Labor Standards

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kwan-Ho Kim

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Korea and the United States declared the start of negotiations for the establishment of a free trade agreement. The FTA will include investment chapter. That means the Korea-US BIT (Bilateral Investment Treaty talk, which has been deadlocked since 1998, resumes as a part of FTA negotiations. The FTA investment chapter will be based on the US model BIT, which has been updated in 2004. The updated BIT version includes labor clause which provides that parties should not weaken labor standards in an effort to attract foreign investment. This clause is grounded on the criticism raised by labor groups which asserts that competition among countries to attract foreign investment leads to bidding wars in labor standards. No solid evidence is found in support of the hypothesis that foreign investors favor countries with lower labor standards. Nonetheless, some countries have offered special incentives to investors that limit labor rights in the belief that doing so would help attract foreign investment, especially in export processing or special economic zones. In this regard, the Korea's Act on free economic zones which provides exceptional labor standards to foreign invested enterprise in those zones may become an issue in reaching the FTA. This article contemplates the "not lowering labor standards" provision in the US BIT model and its implications on the FTA talks with the US.

  17. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFICIENCY OF PROPERTY INVESTMENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florina Oana Virlanuta

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Investments play a key part within the goods and services industry, consumerism and community as well. The effects generated by any investment project substantiate this statement, regardless the sector of activity in which they are implemented. In the current market economy, economic efficiency indicators are playing an important role in assessing and analyzing an investment project since due to these indicators, the investor can become aware of the most important aspects they need to respond promptly. In this respect, we conducted a market analysis of real estate investments in Romania, highlighting economic and social efficiency of property investments.

  18. Possibility of choosing development investment programs of a production company by applying discounted investment appraisal technique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vesić-Vasović Jasmina

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The selection of development investment programs is one of the most important decisions in industrial production. The paper sets out the possibilities of applying dynamic criteria for investment decision making. It presents a practical numerical example for the value calculation of investment criteria Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return for the reviewed investment project solutions. In this manner it is possible to make an orderly set of alternatives with clear preferences for the most suitable alternative in comparison with other ones. Such rating of project solutions will enable the decision maker to emphasize advantages with more arguments and select the most suitable project solution in accordance with the established criteria, conditions and limitations.

  19. Green investment in sustainable housing. SEV recommendation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fokkema, J.

    1996-07-01

    In cooperation with the Triodos Bank, SEV carried out a study on the possibility to invest money from green investment funds at low interest in houses which are designed and built in a sustainable and energy efficient way. By order of the Triodos Bank and SEV others drafted a guideline to assess dwellings and calculated the financial and economical consequences of green investments in sustainable housing. The results of those studies formed the basis of the SEV recommendation to the Dutch State Secretary of Housing and Planning and the Dutch State Secretary of Economic Affairs, April 1996, to expand the planned Green Investment Regulation to the possibility to invest money in sustainable houses. It is expected that the Green Investment Regulation will come into effect September 1996. 2 appendices

  20. Financial Development and Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jungwon Suh

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Using firm-level data from thirty-five countries around the world, this paper empirically examines whether investment-cash flow sensitivity reflects financial constraints. Recent US studies have raised questions on the prediction that investment-cash flow sensitivity is a measure of financial constraints. Looking at thirty-five countries with varying degrees of financial development, this study tests whether investment-cash flow sensitivity is in fact related to financial constraints. In most countries, the evidence supporting the argument that firms likely facing financially constraints display high investment-cash flow sensitivity is weak. Moreover, the evidence that firms in the absence of developed financial markets display high investment-cash flow sensitivity is also weak. Overall, the results from this international investigation do not support the prediction that investment-cash flow sensitivity reflects financial constraints.

  1. 17 CFR 270.3a-3 - Certain investment companies owned by companies which are not investment companies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... the definition of the term “investment company” by section 3(b)(1) or 3(b)(2) of the Act (15 U.S.C... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certain investment companies owned by companies which are not investment companies. 270.3a-3 Section 270.3a-3 Commodity and...

  2. Investments in art: opportunities and challenges

    OpenAIRE

    Pashkus, M.

    2013-01-01

    Art as an investment avenue has been considered an interesting and profitable alternative, but it is also extremely risky. These alternative investments' performance is alluring. Indices tracking the performance of high-class art have held up well in the recent economic slowdown, while art-auction houses report record prices. This article discusses the basic problems of investment in works of Art.

  3. PARTICULARITIES OF BUDGETING OF INVESTMENTS YIELD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ANCA JARMILA GUŢĂ

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents some particularities of the budget process of all the investments as a main aspect in taking the best decision according to the main use of all the firms’ resources. As a measure method of the investments yield the main one is that which describes the relationship between the profit and the investment which improves the deccisional process.

  4. FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIA IN 2013

    OpenAIRE

    Ekaterina Ilyukhina

    2014-01-01

    Foreign investment in the Russian economy in 2013 increased 10.1% year-o-year. The increase was triggered by the results achieved in Q1 2013. Foreign investment was concentrated in the industrial sector, trade, and financial sector. Manufacturing industry was leading in the industrial sector. Cyprus, Switzerland, and Great Britain were leading in volumes of investment in the Russian Federation.

  5. National investment programs and sustainable development

    OpenAIRE

    Szyja, Paulina

    2014-01-01

    In situation of economic crisis many countries, for example the United States, members of European Union prepared anti-crisis programs to conduct investments. In most cases, they concentrated on modernization of transport or energy infrastructure. In Poland it would have been presented program "Polish Investments". The main purposes of the article is presentation of public investments programs and their role in sustainable development.

  6. Financial Investing Made for Women: The Economic and Psychological Reasons Why Women Invest Differently Than Men

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina M. Reece

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Financial Investing is becoming not only a way to plan for a future source of retirement, but also a method to control a personal financial situation without having to rely on government aid or family member support to survive during the elderly years. Today, individuals cannot depend on social security being available in the future for financial support. It is especially vital for women to become more interested in making long-term investments that will provide a secure and effective approach to money management and financial planning. However, as various studies have concluded, women are less interested than men in managing their finances due to various economic and psychological reasons related to risk aversion, sociopolitical and biological factors, and income. This study reviews previous research findings related to the relationship between women and investments, as well as several economic and psychological reasons behind the gender gap on financial investing are presented. Surveys were used to identify the main reasons for women’s tendency to rely less on financial investments. It was found that women who had some source of financial investment showed confidence in the stock market, as well as in their financial decisions. These results contradict some of the findings shown in previous research.

  7. The economic content of the term “investment attractiveness”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. R. Zakirova

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The article is devoted to the definition of the economic content of the concept of “investment attraction” and the study of the criteria of investment attractiveness. We conducted a retrospective analysis and systematization of the various definitions of “capital”, “investment”, “investment attraction”, given by domestic and foreign authors. A generalized definition of capital is given: “capital’ is an objective economic category, which offers a business entity to carry out its investment activities in order to expand the scope and value of the business, making a profit and improve its investment attractiveness. It is emphasized that the concept of “investment” is broader than the concept of “capital”: it is investment in capital with varying degrees of liquidity for the purpose of subsequent increments and increase the value of the business entity. The author defines the main characteristics of the investment. A distinction of the term “investment attractiveness” of similar concepts, “market attractiveness”, “investment climate”, “investment image”, “investment potential” is made. It is concluded that the investment attractiveness is a component of the investment climate, which is characterized by an objective character and eliminates the subjectivity. Based on the understanding of different approaches to the study of the investment attractiveness and define its criteria the author offers a brief description of the concept of “investment attractiveness”: investment attractiveness is an independent economic category – a set of internal and external factors, as well as qualitative and quantitative indicators of the investment potential of any of the levels of the economic system – state, regional, sectoral, level of economic entities. Evaluation of investment attractiveness at all levels of the economic system is carried out in the current period (current situation analysis and forecast

  8. Private investments in new infrastructures

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Baarsma, B.; Poort, J.P.; Teulings, C.N.; de Nooij, M.

    2004-01-01

    The Lisbon Strategy demands large investments in transport projects, broadband networks and energy infrastructure. Despite the widely-acknowledged need for investments in new infrastructures, European and national public funds are scarce in the current economic climate. Moreover, both policy-makers

  9. Modelling the System of Ensuring the Investment Security

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moroz Maxim O.

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available The article explores approaches to modelling the system of ensuring the investment security. Necessity of observance of investment security of Ukraine has been substantiated. The author’s own vision of the modelling essentials has been provided. The eligibility for consideration of the system of ensuring the investment security of Ukraine in the functional, structural, process, formative, and factor aspects has been proved. The target setting and tasks of a functional model of the system of ensuring the investment security have been defined. The functions, subjects, organizational-economic mechanisms of the system of ensuring the investment security of Ukraine have been characterized. A structural model of the system of ensuring the investment security has been presented. Special attention has been given to the definition of objects of direct and indirect influence, control and controlled subsystems, aggregate of indicators, safe levels, principles of formation of the investment security system. The process and formative models of the system of ensuring the investment security, as well as the algorithm of the complex assessment of the level of investment security, were analyzed in detail. Measures to ensure the investment security of Ukraine have been defined.

  10. Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Marinov, Marin Alexandrov; Marinova, Svetla Trifonova

    facilities there. These processes result in intensive penetration of companies through foreign direct investment into the CEE region. Simultaneously, the foreign investing companies face the specific context of a region that poses new requirements to their investment strategies, approaches and practices....... Covering a diverse range of CEE countries, as well as referring to the characteristics of the region as a whole, this book examines the inflow and outflow of foreign direct investment from both home and host company and country perspectives. By analyzing foreign direct investment in terms of process......, content and context, the book provides a holist approach towards foreign direct investment in the transitional context of CEE. The book includes a comprehensive study of the motives of multi-national companies for investing in Central and Eastern Europe through various investment modes and the degree...

  11. Developing 2 C-compatible investment criteria

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roeser, Frauke [NewClimate - Institute for Climate Policy and Global Sustainability gGmbH, Bonn (Germany); Weischer, Lutz [Germanwatch e.V., Koeln (Germany); Thomae, Jakob [2degrees Investing Initiative, New York, NY (United States); Hoehne, Niklas; Hagemann, Markus; El Alaoui, Alexander; Bals, Christoph; Eckstein, David; Kreft, Soenke; Rosse, Morten

    2015-11-30

    This report studies the development of criteria for assessing the compatibility of financial investments with the international goal to limit global temperature increase to below 2 C above pre-industrial levels. The findings are intended as a starting point and a key input for a longer term process to develop consensus-based 2 C investing criteria. The focus here is placed on investments in projects and physical assets, in particular of development and climate finance organisations. In order to limit global temperature increase to 2 C, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will have to be reduced significantly, eventually to zero, during the course of this century. This requires shifting capital from high to low carbon investments as well as significant capital mobilisation for investments in 2 C-compatible infrastructure. Given the long lifetime of physical assets, and the urgency of decarbonisation over the coming decades, this needs to begin today. Public financial institutions can play a prominent role in contributing to aligning investment flows with the 2 C limit, as well as in closing the current infrastructure investment gap, responding to their explicit or implicit climate mandates and leadership role in the finance sector. The majority of international financial institutions integrate climate considerations into their finance decisions to some degree, and are familiar with different types of criteria, including positive and negative lists, qualitative and quantitative benchmarks, and the use of shadow carbon pricing. However, current approaches do not link to the 2 C limit. 2 C investment criteria are therefore needed to guide investors in this regard. Such criteria may also support other purposes, including an understanding of climate risks and improved reporting and accountability.

  12. Developing 2 C-compatible investment criteria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roeser, Frauke; Weischer, Lutz; Thomae, Jakob; Hoehne, Niklas; Hagemann, Markus; El Alaoui, Alexander; Bals, Christoph; Eckstein, David; Kreft, Soenke; Rosse, Morten

    2015-01-01

    This report studies the development of criteria for assessing the compatibility of financial investments with the international goal to limit global temperature increase to below 2 C above pre-industrial levels. The findings are intended as a starting point and a key input for a longer term process to develop consensus-based 2 C investing criteria. The focus here is placed on investments in projects and physical assets, in particular of development and climate finance organisations. In order to limit global temperature increase to 2 C, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will have to be reduced significantly, eventually to zero, during the course of this century. This requires shifting capital from high to low carbon investments as well as significant capital mobilisation for investments in 2 C-compatible infrastructure. Given the long lifetime of physical assets, and the urgency of decarbonisation over the coming decades, this needs to begin today. Public financial institutions can play a prominent role in contributing to aligning investment flows with the 2 C limit, as well as in closing the current infrastructure investment gap, responding to their explicit or implicit climate mandates and leadership role in the finance sector. The majority of international financial institutions integrate climate considerations into their finance decisions to some degree, and are familiar with different types of criteria, including positive and negative lists, qualitative and quantitative benchmarks, and the use of shadow carbon pricing. However, current approaches do not link to the 2 C limit. 2 C investment criteria are therefore needed to guide investors in this regard. Such criteria may also support other purposes, including an understanding of climate risks and improved reporting and accountability.

  13. The Mechanism of Financial Stimulation of Investment Activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vasiliy Valeryevich Tarakanov

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Modernization of the Russian economy and creation of conditions for its economic growth demand activization of investment activity that is possible by means of its financial stimulation. Financial stimulation of investment activity defines the need of changes of the contents, the directions and ways of implementation of the financial relations between subjects of investment activity. Financial stimulation of investment activity is carried out via the mechanism in the context of which these financial relations are settled. For defining the mechanism of financial stimulation of investment activity the authors consider the very concept of financial mechanism. The conclusion is drawn that all elements of the financial mechanism are the integrated unity, they are interdependent and interconnected, and the combination of types, forms, methods of the organization of the financial relations forms “a design of the financial mechanism”. The article specifies the maintenance of the mechanism of financial stimulation of investment activity, and reveals its essence. The structure of the mechanism of financial stimulation of investment activity is presented by the following elements: subjects of financial stimulation of investment activity, the purpose of attraction of investments by them, set of financial methods and tools, sources of means of achievement of goals, standard - legal and information support of financial stimulation of investment activity. It is proved that in the mechanism of financial stimulation of investment activity the leading role is played by the state by means of forms of direct and indirect participation in attraction of investments, each of which is realized by means of specific methods and the corresponding tools. The widespread instrument of financial stimulation of investment activity is the investments which are carried out by the state institutes of development participating in the organization of the process of financial

  14. Management of investment processes on Finnish farms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. MATTILA

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Structural change in agriculture means a continuous need for investing in farm production. It is essential for the sustainable operations and the economy of the farm that such investments are successful. In this research, different stages of the investment process of farms were studied as well as the use of information and the success perceived during the investment process. The study was carried out with mail surveys and telephone interviews on the Finnish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN farms. The most challenging investments were in animal husbandry buildings and, as to these investments, the comparison of alternatives was the most challenging stage. For most investments, the planning phase was considered more challenging than the implementation. Before making the decision, farmers acquired information from many sources, of which the opinion of the main customer and the experiences of fellow farmers were the most valued. Some of the products considered were so new on the market that it was not easy to get adequate information and, furthermore, the information given by suppliers was not always accurate. Decision-making was supported by calculations, but qualitative factors had a dominating role. Large basic decisions were made relatively quickly, while details needed a longer time to process. In general, farm managers were satisfied with their investments. Improvements in work quality and quantity were especially mentioned and generally qualitative factors were the ones first in mind when evaluating the successfulness of the investment.;

  15. Overseas Investment, Encouraging Long Journey

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Janet Tang

    2010-01-01

    @@ In the context of the financial crisis,international capital flows,cross-border investment,as well as the mergers and acquisitions generally continues shrinking at a large range in 2009,while China's foreign investment and overseas cooperation still maintains a good momentum of development.

  16. Overseas Investment,Encouraging Long Jonrney

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Janet Tang

    2011-01-01

    @@ In the context of the financial crisis, international capital flows, cross-border investment, as well as the mergers and acquisitions generally continues shrinking at a large range in 2009, while China's foreign investment and overseas cooperation still maintains a good momentum of development.

  17. Calculating investment potential in South America

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, J.L.

    1995-01-01

    Taxes and licensing provisions typically increase overall costs for private investors, and therefore impede private investment. In addition, the design and structure of tax systems in each country affect the extent to which financial risks are borne by private investors, rather than by the host government. Tax systems that increase perceived financial risks stemming from unpredictable oil prices, development costs and physical characteristics of undiscovered or undeveloped oil fields raise further impediments to private investment. This analysis focuses on both aspects of the investment climate--risk and return--and the way that investment incentives within three South American countries are influenced by tax and licensing regimes

  18. Quality of investments in logistics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borut Jereb

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available The issue problem of paper is that base on researches connected with analysis of investments in logistics based on the review of 100 pooled manuscripts from different sources (scientific journals and online magazines from 1996 to 2012 it was showed that there don't exist quality as well as leadership has no a good overview of the investment in logistics. It was claimed that the quality point of view should be demanding part of investments in logistics. Val Log was proposed as an answer to the issues of managing quality of investments in logistics at the tactical level in organizations. By Val Log it is possible to overcome the myth that logistics projects cost money while business projects bring money. Val Log also provides detailed instructions for goals and metrics for each process. By doing changes the quality should be the obvious pillar of our affords doing it.

  19. Inconsistent Investment and Consumption Problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kronborg, Morten Tolver; Steffensen, Mogens

    2015-01-01

    In a traditional Black–Scholes market we develop a verification theorem for a general class of investment and consumption problems where the standard dynamic programming principle does not hold. The theorem is an extension of the standard Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation in the form of a system...... of non-linear differential equations. We derive the optimal investment and consumption strategy for a mean-variance investor without pre-commitment endowed with labor income. In the case of constant risk aversion it turns out that the optimal amount of money to invest in stocks is independent of wealth...... of future labor income net of consumption. Using the verification theorem we give a detailed analysis of this problem. It turns out that the optimal amount of money to invest in stocks is given by a linear function of wealth plus the financial value of future labor income net of consumption. The optimal...

  20. Investment Attractiveness of Food Industries in Ukraine

    OpenAIRE

    L. О.

    2017-01-01

    Effective investment is a factor for long-term company development. As enhancement of investment attractiveness is a required condition for economic growth and improvement of living standards, it needs to be on the agenda at government and company level. The article’s objective is to study investment attractiveness of food industries in Ukraine over 2012–2015. Investment attractiveness of food industries can be measured by indicators of liquidity, financial sustainability, and profit rate...

  1. Do Older Investors Make Better Investment Decisions?

    OpenAIRE

    George M Korniotis; Alok Kumar

    2011-01-01

    This paper examines the investment decisions of older individual investors. We find that older and experienced investors are more likely to follow rules of thumb that reflect greater investment knowledge. However, older investors are less effective in applying their investment knowledge and exhibit worse investment skill, especially if they are less educated, earn lower income, and belong to minority racial/ethnic groups. Overall, the adverse effects of aging dominate the positive effects of ...

  2. Electricity investments and nuclear development: investment choice modeling based on value creation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tehrani, B.S.; Bocquer, J.C.; Tomoda, T.

    2014-01-01

    While nuclear power may experience a technological breakthrough in Europe with Generation IV nuclear reactors within 2040, several events could question this possibility such as the Fukushima accident, the climate issues and the electricity market liberalization. This paper aims at analyzing investment choices in power generation capacities in the European scope, using simple DSM-inspired approaches. The power company and interacting stake holders in the investment choice process are considered as a complex system, and dependencies between investment drivers associated with each stake holder are studied. Focusing on the value for the power company, the compatibility of each power company with each of considered technologies is assessed through a Domain Mapping Matrix, including not only technical drivers, but also associated policy and market drivers. Technology preferences are modeled for main European companies in a set of scenarios, these preferences being then used to explore trends in generation mix. (authors)

  3. Transmuted Generalized Inverse Weibull Distribution

    OpenAIRE

    Merovci, Faton; Elbatal, Ibrahim; Ahmed, Alaa

    2013-01-01

    A generalization of the generalized inverse Weibull distribution so-called transmuted generalized inverse Weibull dis- tribution is proposed and studied. We will use the quadratic rank transmutation map (QRTM) in order to generate a flexible family of probability distributions taking generalized inverse Weibull distribution as the base value distribution by introducing a new parameter that would offer more distributional flexibility. Various structural properties including explicit expression...

  4. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS DURING FINANCIAL CRISES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VINTILA DENISIA MARIANA

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The fundamental idea of International capital flows is that short-term flows can be easily reversed, while flows on a longer time horizon are more stable. Crises are associated with withdrawals of short-term capital flows and growth of the foreign direct investment flows. The current crisis has meant a major decline of international capital flows, also of the foreign direct investment. The analysis in this article tries to establish if and under which conditions foreign direct investments can bring greater stability during the crisis, comparing the evolution of foreign direct investments in the current crisis with their response in previous crises. We show that during previous crises foreign direct investments were stable, behaving differently from other types of capital. Yet, during the current crisis, foreign direct investments have proven to be not so stable and all the components declined, raising questions about the resumption of the positive trend. The stability of foreign direct investments in the past was given by the increase of mergers and acquisitions during the crisis, reflecting fire-sale FDI. This feature is not found in the current crisis as mergers and acquisitions were severe affected by the crises and recorded a major decline. The current paper is realized in the doctoral program entitled PhD in economics at the standards of European knowledge- DoEsEc, scientific coordinator Prof. PhD Rodica Zaharia, institution The Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Faculty of International Business, period of research 2009-2012.

  5. Whose crazy investment in sex?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mandlis, Lane R

    2011-01-01

    By probing the processes of exclusion of transsexuals from the political sphere, this article offers contributions to social and political theory through an examination of the processes of exclusion from the category "human." This article considers how the erasure of investment in their own embodied sex constructs a platform from which to blame others for sex/gender variance, as well as to justify that blaming. Bringing together Giorgio Agamben, Georges Bataille, Judith Butler, and Nikolas Rose with transphobia, medicalization in psychiatry, law, and ethopolitics, this article questions whose investment in sexed embodiment counts and why that investment might be seen as "crazy."

  6. Dancing with the Dragon: Canadian Investment in China and Chinese Investment in Canada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josephine Smart

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available While Canadian trade and investment with China is today relatively modest, with China well on track to displace the United States as the world’s largest economy, Canada must make it a priority to prepare for a future characterized by dramatically increased trade and investment between our two countries. This paper sheds light on some the issues and measures Canadian governments will have to consider as they look to establish safe and prosperous relationships with China. To begin with, Canadians choosing to invest in China must be prepared for the risk inherent in that country’s peculiar “capitalism with socialist characteristics.” The Chinese state continues to play an interventionist role in many significant sectors in the economy, and the strategy behind China’s overseas investment in countries such as Canada is specifically aimed at furthering China’s own national security goals and geopolitical influence. Canadians wishing to do business in China will also require great cultural competency. The cultural institution known as guanxi — in which gifts to sway influence are considered an acceptable, even desirable practice — persists in China, with even native Chinese unclear on where to draw the line between “good” guanxi and “bad” corruption. At home, Canadians may soon be forced to confront questions about how much of our own land security and natural resource security we are willing to compromise by permitting Chinese investment to gather up our farmland and key industries. Canadians should decide sooner, not later, how well our own strategic interests are served by permitting unrestricted Chinese investment in our economy. In anticipation of these issues, Canada’s federal and provincial governments should provide increased support for a more comprehensive training and research infrastructure that better prepares Canadians for the growing bilateral trade between our countries. They should also reinvest in the

  7. Security Investment in Contagious Networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hasheminasab, Seyed Alireza; Tork Ladani, Behrouz

    2018-01-16

    Security of the systems is normally interdependent in such a way that security risks of one part affect other parts and threats spread through the vulnerable links in the network. So, the risks of the systems can be mitigated through investments in the security of interconnecting links. This article takes an innovative look at the problem of security investment of nodes on their vulnerable links in a given contagious network as a game-theoretic model that can be applied to a variety of applications including information systems. In the proposed game model, each node computes its corresponding risk based on the value of its assets, vulnerabilities, and threats to determine the optimum level of security investments on its external links respecting its limited budget. Furthermore, direct and indirect nonlinear influences of a node's security investment on the risks of other nodes are considered. The existence and uniqueness of the game's Nash equilibrium in the proposed game are also proved. Further analysis of the model in a practical case revealed that taking advantage of the investment effects of other players, perfectly rational players (i.e., those who use the utility function of the proposed game model) make more cost-effective decisions than selfish nonrational or semirational players. © 2018 Society for Risk Analysis.

  8. Arquitectura Basada en Inteligencia Artificial Distribuida para la Gerencia Integrada de Producción Industrial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Bravo

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: La propuesta presentada en este trabajo de investigación consiste en una arquitectura de referencia para la gestión integrada de producción, que permite el acceso a la información requerida para obtener una visión completa del estado del proceso productivo y habilita la automatización inteligente de los procesos de negocio, a partir de la definición de un mecanismo de acceso estandarizado a las fuentes de información de proceso, del desarrollo de un marco ontólogico de producción y del uso de técnicas de inteligencia artificial distribuida, específicamente sistemas multi-agentes e instituciones electrónicas. Palabras clave: Automatización Industrial. Agentes Inteligentes. Sistemas de Manufactura Inteligente. Sistemas basados en Conocimiento Inteligente. Control Inteligente

  9. Inverse Kinematics using Quaternions

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Henriksen, Knud; Erleben, Kenny; Engell-Nørregård, Morten

    In this project I describe the status of inverse kinematics research, with the focus firmly on the methods that solve the core problem. An overview of the different methods are presented Three common methods used in inverse kinematics computation have been chosen as subject for closer inspection....

  10. NACUBO's Guide to Unitizing Investment Pools. Second Edition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wheeler, Mary S.

    2011-01-01

    The National Association of College and University Business Officers' (NACUBO's) "Guide to Unitizing Investment Pools" addresses the principles and concepts for administering a consolidated investment pool. Unitization is the mechanism by which investment funds are pooled to maximize investment efficiencies and provide information for donors,…

  11. THE DEFINITION OF INVESTMENT AND THE ICSID CONVENTION ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    RAYAN_

    Other States (the ICSID Convention) has a trickledown effect on the Nigerian. Investment ... Keywords: Nigerian Investment Promotion Act, Law and Development,. Investment ... ARB/84/3, Decision on Jurisdiction (N0.1) 27 November 1985). 3 ICSID ..... purchase of bonds qualify as an investment within ICSID jurisdiction.

  12. 12 CFR 652.10 - Investment management and requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment management and requirements. 652.10... MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS Investment Management § 652.10 Investment management and... policies for managing your non-program investment activities. Your board must also ensure that management...

  13. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, DOMESTIC INVESTMENT, FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Waqar Ameer

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available This study examines relationship between Inward FDI and domestic investment in China, using co-integration and Granger causality analysis (Including bivariate and multivariate Granger causality models. We have used auto-regressive distributed lags(ARDL econometric methodology technique to define relationship between inward FDI and domestic investment using time series data for China. Our study examines long run effects of FDI inflows on domestic investment over time span 1990-2014 for China using informal, formal institutions and key macroeconomic variables as control variables in the model. The results suggest that conclusions drawn from bivariate model may not be valid because of omission of important control variables. Our results of multivariate model show that there is positive unidirectional causality running from IFDI to DI in the long run. In the short run, both inward FDI and domestic investment do not allow Granger causality.

  14. 78 FR 1991 - Major Capital Investment Projects

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-09

    ... Administration 49 CFR Part 611 Major Capital Investment Projects; Notice of Availability of Proposed New Starts... Capital Investment Projects AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration (FTA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY... capital investments seeking funding under the discretionary ``New Starts'' and ``Small Starts'' programs...

  15. 75 FR 31383 - Major Capital Investment Projects

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-03

    ...-0009] RIN 2132-AB02 Major Capital Investment Projects AGENCIES: Federal Transit Administration (FTA... current approach to evaluating and rating major capital investment projects (``New Starts'' and ``Small...'' to address identified transportation needs in the corridor without a major capital investment in new...

  16. Optimization and inverse problems in electromagnetism

    CERN Document Server

    Wiak, Sławomir

    2003-01-01

    From 12 to 14 September 2002, the Academy of Humanities and Economics (AHE) hosted the workshop "Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism". After this bi-annual event, a large number of papers were assembled and combined in this book. During the workshop recent developments and applications in optimization and inverse methodologies for electromagnetic fields were discussed. The contributions selected for the present volume cover a wide spectrum of inverse and optimal electromagnetic methodologies, ranging from theoretical to practical applications. A number of new optimal and inverse methodologies were proposed. There are contributions related to dedicated software. Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism consists of three thematic chapters, covering: -General papers (survey of specific aspects of optimization and inverse problems in electromagnetism), -Methodologies, -Industrial Applications. The book can be useful to students of electrical and electronics engineering, computer sci...

  17. Information Technology Investment Strategy Planning: Balance Scorecard Approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henny Hendarti

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Purpose of this research are to prepare the IT investment strategy using Balanced Scorecard approach in the company where the appropriate planning of this IT investment strategy can maximize the competitive benefit in the company, and it also to recommended a strategy of IT investment that can be implemented and measure the rate of return from the IT investment in the company. Research Method used book studies, field studies, and analysis system. Book studies from the books and journal. Field studies done by observation, interview, and questioner, and analysis system done by analyzed the ongoing system in the company. The result from this analysis is a recommendation in investment IT such as sales module, payment module, and report module. Then for the conclusion, this information technology investment planning can be develop to another investment implementation such authorized website of the company and using PDA (Personal Digital AssistantIndex Terms - Planning, Information Technology, Investment, Balance Scorecard

  18. Investing in European market real property through reits

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adamuscin, A.

    2010-03-01

    For institutional and private investors, investing in real estate represents an attractive form of the consignment of their money. Real estate provides a regular source of income in the form of the rent from or interest on the credit provided. At the same time, real estate is a good investment instrument, because it provides diversified contributions and security against inflation for investors. In their efforts to diversify risk, investors are expressing growing interest in investing in the whole European Union. The success of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the U.S. also opened the door for investing in this market for small investors, which is the reason for the development of this type of investment company in the European arena. One problem concerning the development of European real estate investment funds is the unsolved issue of the harmonization of the legislation and regulatory safety measures, which would enable the creation of a common market for new investment products in Europe.

  19. Accounting-information support investment in object of tourism industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ya.D. Krupka

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The article reveals the peculiarities of investments in tourism, their financial support through various sources. Given the branching system of travel, and additional related services offered by the author, each of the objects viewed as an investment project which, in turn, provides investment and obtaining from them certain benefits. In the article the system of investment projects, including the relationship of forms of investment (own cash and property investments of investors, credit and other borrowed resources, funds from sponsors and donations and the effects of investment (profit from operations, related income, social benefits for citizens and other benefits for society. Given the fact that every project goes through several stages since its launch and completion stages of submitted investment projects include the following phases: pre, investment process and control the results and return on capital investment projects under operation. The scheme of the project life cycle, which provided a way out of the project, corresponding interpretation investing activities international and national accounting standards and financial reporting. In this paper, special attention is paid to the rehabilitation of tourist visits, keeping investments in them, as well as an attempt to give an objective assessment of the effectiveness of such investments on the basis of accounting information.

  20. Investment in Renewable Energies in Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Marina Recalde

    2017-01-01

    This article analyzes how the enabling conditions of the energy policy of a developing country such as Argentina, are crucial for the deployment of renewable energy investments. The conclusions highlights that the low institutional quality of the country shapes enabling conditions and reduce effect of the instruments of the energy policy, dropping incentives for investment in renewable technologies in the country. Therefore, in order to promote renewable technologies investments efficiently, ...

  1. Work environment investments: outcomes from three cases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rydell, Alexis; Andersson, Ing-Marie

    2017-09-27

    Work environment investments are important in order to create a healthy and safe workplace. This article presents findings from a seven-step interventions process aimed at examining and following-up work environment investments in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on air contaminants. Three different cases were analyzed and included in the study: (a) an educational center for welding; (b) a paint station in furniture manufacturing; (c) a joinery in furniture manufacturing. The results show that the work environment investments were highly appreciated by the employees and managers, but at the same time the investment could be optimized through markedly decreased exposure levels for the worker. Factors such as follow-ups of the investment, education and training in how to use the equipment, worker involvement in the process and leadership engagement are important in order to optimize work environment investments.

  2. Inverse Compton gamma-rays from pulsars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morini, M.

    1983-01-01

    A model is proposed for pulsar optical and gamma-ray emission where relativistic electrons beams: (i) scatter the blackbody photons from the polar cap surface giving inverse Compton gamma-rays and (ii) produce synchrotron optical photons in the light cylinder region which are then inverse Compton scattered giving other gamma-rays. The model is applied to the Vela pulsar, explaining the first gamma-ray pulse by inverse Compton scattering of synchrotron photons near the light cylinder and the second gamma-ray pulse partly by inverse Compton scattering of synchrotron photons and partly by inverse Compton scattering of the thermal blackbody photons near the star surface. (author)

  3. China's Investment Leade Dr, Alyce Su

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2010-01-01

    @@ I. Professional Background Dr. Alyce Su specializes in investment managemeng, managing portfolios consisted of investment opportunities originated from China's growth and internationalization, both'outbound and inbound.

  4. Competitive Capacity Investment under Uncertainty

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    X. Li (Xishu); R.A. Zuidwijk (Rob); M.B.M. de Koster (René); R. Dekker (Rommert)

    2016-01-01

    textabstractWe consider a long-term capacity investment problem in a competitive market under demand uncertainty. Two firms move sequentially in the competition and a firm’s capacity decision interacts with the other firm’s current and future capacity. Throughout the investment race, a firm can

  5. Bayesian seismic AVO inversion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Buland, Arild

    2002-07-01

    A new linearized AVO inversion technique is developed in a Bayesian framework. The objective is to obtain posterior distributions for P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity and density. Distributions for other elastic parameters can also be assessed, for example acoustic impedance, shear impedance and P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio. The inversion algorithm is based on the convolutional model and a linearized weak contrast approximation of the Zoeppritz equation. The solution is represented by a Gaussian posterior distribution with explicit expressions for the posterior expectation and covariance, hence exact prediction intervals for the inverted parameters can be computed under the specified model. The explicit analytical form of the posterior distribution provides a computationally fast inversion method. Tests on synthetic data show that all inverted parameters were almost perfectly retrieved when the noise approached zero. With realistic noise levels, acoustic impedance was the best determined parameter, while the inversion provided practically no information about the density. The inversion algorithm has also been tested on a real 3-D dataset from the Sleipner Field. The results show good agreement with well logs but the uncertainty is high. The stochastic model includes uncertainties of both the elastic parameters, the wavelet and the seismic and well log data. The posterior distribution is explored by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation using the Gibbs sampler algorithm. The inversion algorithm has been tested on a seismic line from the Heidrun Field with two wells located on the line. The uncertainty of the estimated wavelet is low. In the Heidrun examples the effect of including uncertainty of the wavelet and the noise level was marginal with respect to the AVO inversion results. We have developed a 3-D linearized AVO inversion method with spatially coupled model parameters where the objective is to obtain posterior distributions for P-wave velocity, S

  6. Investment risks under uncertain climate change policy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blyth, William; Bradley, Richard; Yang, Ming; Bunn, Derek; Clarke, Charlie; Wilson, Tom

    2007-01-01

    This paper describes results from a model of decision-making under uncertainty using a real options methodology, developed by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The model represents investment decisions in power generation from the perspective of a private company. The investments are subject to uncertain future climate policy, which is treated as an external risk factor over which the company has no control. The aims of this paper are to (i) quantify these regulatory risks in order to improve understanding of how policy uncertainty may affect investment behaviour by private companies and (ii) illustrate the effectiveness of the real options approach as a policy analysis tool. The study analysed firms' investment options of coal- and gas-fired power plants and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Policy uncertainty is represented as an exogenous event that creates uncertainty in the carbon price. Our findings indicate that climate policy uncertainty creates a risk premium for power generation investments. In the case of gas- and coal-fired power generation, the risk premium would lead to an increase in electricity prices of 5-10% in order to stimulate investment. In the case of CCS, the risk premium would increase the carbon price required to stimulate investment by 16-37% compared to a situation of perfect certainty. The option to retrofit CCS acts as a hedge against high future carbon prices, and could accelerate investment in coal plant. This paper concludes that to minimise investment risks in low carbon technologies, policy-makers should aim to provide some long-term regulatory certainty. (author)

  7. Algebraic properties of generalized inverses

    CERN Document Server

    Cvetković‐Ilić, Dragana S

    2017-01-01

    This book addresses selected topics in the theory of generalized inverses. Following a discussion of the “reverse order law” problem and certain problems involving completions of operator matrices, it subsequently presents a specific approach to solving the problem of the reverse order law for {1} -generalized inverses. Particular emphasis is placed on the existence of Drazin invertible completions of an upper triangular operator matrix; on the invertibility and different types of generalized invertibility of a linear combination of operators on Hilbert spaces and Banach algebra elements; on the problem of finding representations of the Drazin inverse of a 2x2 block matrix; and on selected additive results and algebraic properties for the Drazin inverse. In addition to the clarity of its content, the book discusses the relevant open problems for each topic discussed. Comments on the latest references on generalized inverses are also included. Accordingly, the book will be useful for graduate students, Ph...

  8. Real Silver and Its Investment and Business Options

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Novotný Josef

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with investment and business opportunities offered by silver. Silver is the metal used in industry and for investing at financial markets. The main problem related to this real commodity is the issue of “the undervaluation” of its investment options, if compared to gold. If considering silver as the investment option, its investment potential is significantly enhanced by its industrial usage. The aim of this paper is to highlight business and investment opportunities for both professionals and non professional investors at the commodity markets. The price growth of this investment and industrial metal can generate profits for the investors. And on the other hand, industries which cannot do without silver in their production may efficiently utilize the knowledge of setting up its price at the markets.

  9. Investment appraisal using quantitative risk analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johansson, Henrik

    2002-07-01

    Investment appraisal concerned with investments in fire safety systems is discussed. Particular attention is directed at evaluating, in terms of the Bayesian decision theory, the risk reduction that investment in a fire safety system involves. It is shown how the monetary value of the change from a building design without any specific fire protection system to one including such a system can be estimated by use of quantitative risk analysis, the results of which are expressed in terms of a Risk-adjusted net present value. This represents the intrinsic monetary value of investing in the fire safety system. The method suggested is exemplified by a case study performed in an Avesta Sheffield factory.

  10. INVESTMENTS VALUES AND EU FOUNDED PROJECTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salanta Irina Iulia

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Being value based is one of the principles project management has to respect in order to be sustainable. Values are guidelines for human behavior that are shared by a large group of individuals. As projects can be differentiated from investments, also projects’ values can be differentiated from investments’ values. Connecting projects with investments’ values contributes to projects’ success, to a sustainable project management process and to a sustainable investment. The article explains the differences between investments and projects and presents how the investment’s values can be related to the project. The topic is applicable when dealing with projects in general and can have benefic effects on investments initialized through projects financed by the European Union.

  11. 24 CFR 202.9 - Investing lenders and mortgagees.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Investing lenders and mortgagees... Investing lenders and mortgagees. (a) Definition. An investing lender or mortgagee is an organization that is not approved under any other section of this part. An investing lender or mortgagee may purchase...

  12. 12 CFR 652.35 - Eligible non-program investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Eligible non-program investments. 652.35... MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS Investment Management § 652.35 Eligible non-program investments. (a) You may hold only the types, quantities, and qualities of non-program investments listed in...

  13. 12 CFR 615.5143 - Disposal of ineligible investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Disposal of ineligible investments. 615.5143... AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Investment Management § 615.5143 Disposal of ineligible investments. You must dispose of an ineligible investment within 6 months unless we approve, in...

  14. Evaluation of MIA, Vamil and Green Investments. Investments 2000-2004. Evaluation of tax measures and effects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2007-07-01

    The Environmental Investment Allowance (MIA), the Random Depreciation of Environmental Investments (VAMIL) and green investments entail fiscal costs that need ex-post evaluation based on the regulations of the RPE (ministerial regulation on performance measurement and evaluation). The aim of the evaluation was to describe the effectiveness of the policy instruments and their implementation. In addition to this basic objective a secondary objective was to provide insight in the expenditure of the means and to list improvement options. [mk] [nl

  15. Relating Financial and Energy Return on Investment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carey W. King

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available For many reasons, including environmental impacts and the peaking and depletion of the highest grades of fossil energy, it is very important to have sound methods for the evaluation of energy technologies and the profitability of the businesses that utilize them. In this paper we derive relations among the biophysical characteristic of an energy resource in relation to the businesses and technologies that exploit them. These relations include the energy return on energy investment (EROI, the price of energy, and the profit of an energy business. Our analyses show that EROI and the price of energy are inherently inversely related such that as EROI decreases for depleting fossil fuel production, the corresponding energy prices increase dramatically. Using energy and financial data for the oil and gas production sector, we demonstrate that the equations sufficiently describe the fundamental trends between profit, price, and EROI. For example, in 2002 an EROI of 11:1 for US oil and gas translates to an oil price of 24 $2005/barrel at a typical profit of 10%. This work sets the stage for proper EROI and price comparisons of individual fossil and renewable energy businesses as well as the electricity sector as a whole. Additionally, it presents a framework for incorporating EROI into larger economic systems models.

  16. Chinese outward foreign direct investments to Europe

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Blomkvist, Katarina; Drogendijk, Rian

    This paper addresses Chinese outward foreign direct investments (OFDI) in Europe. We aim to provide more knowledge on the ongoing research discussion about Chinese OFDI, more specifically, we answer questions about what is driving Chinese firms to invest in Europe, and whether Chinese investment

  17. Accounting conservatism,ultimate ownership and investment efficiency

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Xiaodong Xu; Xia Wang; Nina Han

    2012-01-01

    Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine the role of accounting conservatism on firm investment behavior in China.Design/methodology/approach-By combining a developed theoretical framework and empirical study,this paper examines the impacts of accounting conservatism on firm investment.The sample and data are all collected from Wind and CAMAR databases.Findings-The paper finds that the association between accounting conservatism and capital expenditure is significantly positive when inside capital is not enough to use for investment,suggesting that conservatism can expend the level of investment by decreasing information asymmetry and cost of capital;however,the association between accounting conservatism and capital expenditure is significantly negative when inside capital is enough to use for investment,suggesting that conservatism can curtail the level of investment by mitigating the interest conflicts between management and outside shareholders and decreasing agency costs.Additionally,the paper finds that the severity of information asymmetry and agency problem affects the role of accounting conservatism on firm investment behaviour,and the association between accounting conservatism and capital expenditure is weaker for firms with ultimate ownership controller as local government or individuals.Originality/value-This is the first paper to analyze and examine the impacts of accounting conservatism on firm investment in China directly.The findings are also useful to explain the awkward predicament found by prior literature.

  18. CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO FORMING MECHANISM OF INVESTMENT SAFETY REALIZATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vladimir Talover

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of the paper is theoretical justification of theoretical approaches while developing the mechanism of the state investment safety. The tasks of the system of the national economy investment safety are the following: developing investment potential, creating favourable investment climate, forming mechanisms of stable investment activity in the key branches of economy. At the same time, it should also be noted that the complex approach that would allow sufficiently justifying and practically solve the problems of defining indicators, factors of the investment policy and directions of its assurance in realization of the mechanism of investment policy is not sufficiently developed nowadays. This fact determines research topicality. The issue of assuring investment safety is of a special importance in Ukraine that has to assure market economy development, to overcome deformations in the economy structure, to renew products and production apparatus in the industry, to master new kinds of activities. Methodology. The survey is based on the generalization and development of views of the scientific-economic schools, uses approaches of the international agencies and recommendation and normative materials of Ukraine concerning realization of the state investment policy as a totality of interrelated levels and subsystems that allows establishing main functions of the investment safety system. Results of the survey shows that the mechanism of investment safety includes some kinds, forms and methods of organizing investment relations and investment activity, ways of their quantitative determination and establishing interdependence. The concept of investment policy is based on the complex approach and includes the blocks which are locally structured in such way that they allow forming adequate system of its indicators and conducting monitoring of their changes under the influence of the determined factors. The peculiarities and elements of

  19. Inflation Protected Investment Strategies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mirco Mahlstedt

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, a dynamic inflation-protected investment strategy is presented, which is based on traditional asset classes and Markov-switching models. Different stock market, as well as inflation regimes are identified, and within those regimes, the inflation hedging potential of stocks, bonds, real estate, commodities and gold are investigated. Within each regime, we determine optimal investment portfolios driven by the investment idea of protection from losses due to changing inflation if inflation is rising or high, but decoupling the performance from inflation if inflation is low. The results clearly indicate that these asset classes behave differently in different stock market and inflation regimes. Whereas in the long-run, we agree with the general opinion in the literature that stocks and bonds are a suitable hedge against inflation, we observe for short time horizons that the hedging potential of each asset class, especially of real estate and commodities, depend strongly on the state of the current market environment. Thus, our approach provides a possible explanation for different statements in the literature regarding the inflation hedging properties of these asset classes. A dynamic inflation-protected investment strategy is developed, which combines inflation protection and upside potential. This strategy outperforms standard buy-and-hold strategies, as well as the well-known 1 N -portfolio.

  20. Modern aspects of tax regulation of investment activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.S. Podakov

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The article investigates the tax regulation of investment activity in modern conditions. Scientists studied different views about the impact of tax regulations on the investment activity in the country. The author determines that the tax regulation of investment activity involves the use of state mechanisms taxation of certain measures to improve investment conditions. The subject is the state tax regulations, and the object is the investment activity of individual and institutional investors of any form of ownership including organizational and legal forms. Such regulation is performed by using complex special tools. The possible methods of tax stimulation of investment processes are described. The article deals with the current results of tax reform in Ukraine and predicts its possible consequences for agricultural producers. The rating positions of Ukraine according to international organizations are showed. The systematic analysis has been carried out and the impact of differential tax rates, tax exemption for a specified period, reducing the tax base, elimination of double taxation on investment activity in certain areas have been researched. The special instruments of investment activity tax regulation are considered. The options for improving investment activity by introducing effective tax regulation are determined.

  1. THE ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS IN AN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silviu Cornel Virgil CHIRIAC

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available The notion of investment is extremely complex, perceived with different meanings and significations. The use of investment strategies in the management activity implies the application of scientific techniques and methods. In order to ensure a constant economic growth it is necessary to prepare investment projects. In practice the predominant one is the investment activity based on real investments performed for the modernising of assets, in order to ensure their physical and moral wear and tear.

  2. 76 FR 23342 - Russell Investment Management Company, et al.;

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-26

    ...] Russell Investment Management Company, et al.; Notice of Application April 20, 2011. AGENCY: Securities...: Applicants request an order that would permit (a) series of certain open-end management investment companies... registered management investment companies and unit investment trusts outside of the same group of investment...

  3. Foreign investment multinational companies and economic development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Popov Đorđe

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available There is no universal answer on the question whether foreign investments stimulate economic development. The positive effect of foreign direct investments will follow when the investments is carried out under normal conditions of competition. That means, above all, low barriers for foreign trade and the low level of restrictions for foreign owned companies. In such circumstances, multinational corporations can assist the economies of penetration to make its businesses more efficient. Foreign investors bring with them brand new types of economic activities and in that way shifting the limits of business opportunities in the countries of penetration. But if the investments are implemented in markets protected with protectionist barriers of various kinds, then they could have negative effects. The negative effects are in particularly reflected in the inefficient use of domestic resources. Foreign investments depend on the macro and micro institutional reforms, low inflation, real exchange rate, and reasonably efficient legal system that protects the property rights and encourages savings and investment. The low level of corruption, together with the foregoing conditions is a prerequisite for the creation of a stimulating environment for foreign investments.

  4. 12 CFR 703.10 - Monitoring non-security investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Monitoring non-security investments. 703.10... INVESTMENT AND DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES § 703.10 Monitoring non-security investments. (a) At least quarterly, a... credit union does not have an investment-related committee, then each member of its board of directors...

  5. Advancing social and economic development by investing in women's and children's health: a new Global Investment Framework.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stenberg, Karin; Axelson, Henrik; Sheehan, Peter; Anderson, Ian; Gülmezoglu, A Metin; Temmerman, Marleen; Mason, Elizabeth; Friedman, Howard S; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Lawn, Joy E; Sweeny, Kim; Tulloch, Jim; Hansen, Peter; Chopra, Mickey; Gupta, Anuradha; Vogel, Joshua P; Ostergren, Mikael; Rasmussen, Bruce; Levin, Carol; Boyle, Colin; Kuruvilla, Shyama; Koblinsky, Marjorie; Walker, Neff; de Francisco, Andres; Novcic, Nebojsa; Presern, Carole; Jamison, Dean; Bustreo, Flavia

    2014-04-12

    A new Global Investment Framework for Women's and Children's Health demonstrates how investment in women's and children's health will secure high health, social, and economic returns. We costed health systems strengthening and six investment packages for: maternal and newborn health, child health, immunisation, family planning, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Nutrition is a cross-cutting theme. We then used simulation modelling to estimate the health and socioeconomic returns of these investments. Increasing health expenditure by just $5 per person per year up to 2035 in 74 high-burden countries could yield up to nine times that value in economic and social benefits. These returns include greater gross domestic product (GDP) growth through improved productivity, and prevention of the needless deaths of 147 million children, 32 million stillbirths, and 5 million women by 2035. These gains could be achieved by an additional investment of $30 billion per year, equivalent to a 2% increase above current spending. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Optimal Investment in Structured Bonds

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jessen, Pernille; Jørgensen, Peter Løchte

    The paper examines the role of structured bonds in the optimal portfolio of a small retail investor. We consider the typical structured bond essentially repacking an exotic option and a zero coupon bond, i.e. an investment with portfolio insurance. The optimal portfolio is found when the investment...

  7. Workflow for near-surface velocity automatic estimation: Source-domain full-traveltime inversion followed by waveform inversion

    KAUST Repository

    Liu, Lu

    2017-08-17

    This paper presents a workflow for near-surface velocity automatic estimation using the early arrivals of seismic data. This workflow comprises two methods, source-domain full traveltime inversion (FTI) and early-arrival waveform inversion. Source-domain FTI is capable of automatically generating a background velocity that can kinematically match the reconstructed plane-wave sources of early arrivals with true plane-wave sources. This method does not require picking first arrivals for inversion, which is one of the most challenging aspects of ray-based first-arrival tomographic inversion. Moreover, compared with conventional Born-based methods, source-domain FTI can distinguish between slower or faster initial model errors via providing the correct sign of the model gradient. In addition, this method does not need estimation of the source wavelet, which is a requirement for receiver-domain wave-equation velocity inversion. The model derived from source-domain FTI is then used as input to early-arrival waveform inversion to obtain the short-wavelength velocity components. We have tested the workflow on synthetic and field seismic data sets. The results show source-domain FTI can generate reasonable background velocities for early-arrival waveform inversion even when subsurface velocity reversals are present and the workflow can produce a high-resolution near-surface velocity model.

  8. n-Colour even self-inverse compositions

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    An -colour even self-inverse composition is defined as an -colour self-inverse composition with even parts. In this paper, we get generating functions, explicit formulas and recurrence formulas for -colour even self-inverse compositions. One new binomial identity is also obtained.

  9. EDITORIAL: Inverse Problems in Engineering

    Science.gov (United States)

    West, Robert M.; Lesnic, Daniel

    2007-01-01

    Presented here are 11 noteworthy papers selected from the Fifth International Conference on Inverse Problems in Engineering: Theory and Practice held in Cambridge, UK during 11-15 July 2005. The papers have been peer-reviewed to the usual high standards of this journal and the contributions of reviewers are much appreciated. The conference featured a good balance of the fundamental mathematical concepts of inverse problems with a diverse range of important and interesting applications, which are represented here by the selected papers. Aspects of finite-element modelling and the performance of inverse algorithms are investigated by Autrique et al and Leduc et al. Statistical aspects are considered by Emery et al and Watzenig et al with regard to Bayesian parameter estimation and inversion using particle filters. Electrostatic applications are demonstrated by van Berkel and Lionheart and also Nakatani et al. Contributions to the applications of electrical techniques and specifically electrical tomographies are provided by Wakatsuki and Kagawa, Kim et al and Kortschak et al. Aspects of inversion in optical tomography are investigated by Wright et al and Douiri et al. The authors are representative of the worldwide interest in inverse problems relating to engineering applications and their efforts in producing these excellent papers will be appreciated by many readers of this journal.

  10. 12 CFR 703.9 - Safekeeping of investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Safekeeping of investments. 703.9 Section 703.9 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INVESTMENT AND DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES § 703.9 Safekeeping of investments. (a) A Federal credit union's purchased...

  11. 12 CFR 702.105 - Weighted-average life of investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... investment funds. (1) For investments in registered investment companies (e.g., mutual funds) and collective investment funds, the weighted-average life is defined as the maximum weighted-average life disclosed, directly or indirectly, in the prospectus or trust instrument; (2) For investments in money market funds...

  12. Leverage, monetary policy, and firm investment

    OpenAIRE

    Charles X. Hu

    1999-01-01

    In this paper, I investigate whether the effects of monetary policy on firm investment can be transmitted through leverage. I find that monetary contractions reduce the growth of investment more for highly leveraged firms than for less leveraged firms. The results suggest that the board credit channel for monetary policy exists, and that it can operate through leverage, as adverse monetary shocks aggravate real debt burdens and raise the effective costs of investment.

  13. Promote Long-term Low-risk Investment

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2006-01-01

    How do you pick stocks in China? Which sectors in the Ashare market have the greatest investment potential? What problems would China's stock market face if the economy contracts? These are questions Xinhua Finance's Money Journal recently put to the man responsible for Franklin Templeton Investments' fund management business in China,India and Brazil. Stephen H. Dover, Managing Director and International Chief Investment Officer for Franklin Templeton Advisors, the largest listed fund management company...

  14. Crisis will impact investments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2008-01-01

    This paper summarizes the content of Capgemini's 10. European Energy Markets Observatory (EEMO) report. The EEMO is an annual report that tracks the progress in establishing an open and competitive electricity and gas market in the 27 European countries, including Norway and Switzerland. This tenth edition is based on 2007 and winter 2007-2008 data sets. A 1 trillion euros infrastructure investment is required to build the plants, electrical lines and gas pipelines needed in Europe over the next 25 years. Although today's credit crunch could severely hurt the investment cycle, analysts also anticipate a difficult period for the European energy markets once the recession is over. The report said that Europe has yet to solve the related issues of responding to its energy demand, while curbing its carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. In 2007, even at a slower pace than previous years, analysts said European electricity consumption still increased by 0.9% and CO 2 emissions stabilized, instead of decreasing. Despite the mild weather, the electricity security of supply deteriorated, analysts said. The Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE) real margin - which takes into account non-usable and unavailable generation capacities - dropped from 7.6% in 2006 to 5.3% in 2007. Analysts said without a significant and vigorous investment program in electricity and gas infrastructures, Europe's energy supply security will be threatened. Since the low point in 2005, utilities started to invest again, but have made energy mix choices that are not moving toward a reduction in CO 2 emissions as the majority (58%) of the planned generation capacities will be fossil-fueled. In 2007, investments in renewable capacities grew fast, wind being the industry's preference, with an addition of 8.3 gigawatt (GW) renewables in Europe. However, analysts said this type of 'non-scheduable' source is not always available during peak hours. This partially explains the security

  15. Social Investment or Private Profit? Diverging Notions of "Investment" in Early Childhood Education and Care

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adamson, Elizabeth; Brennan, Deborah

    2014-01-01

    In recent decades, many OECD countries have adopted the notion of "social investment" to reframe traditional approaches to social welfare. Social investment strategies and policies focus on employment rather than welfare and promote public expenditure on skills and education throughout the life course, starting with early childhood…

  16. 12 CFR 347.120 - Computation of investment amounts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Computation of investment amounts. 347.120... GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING § 347.120 Computation of investment amounts. In computing the amount that may be invested in any foreign organization under §§ 347.117 through 347.119, any investments held...

  17. Asset liquidity, corporate investment, and endogenous financing costs

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Flor, Christian Riis; Hirth, Stefan

    2013-01-01

    We analyze how the liquidity of real and financial assets affects corporate investment. The trade-off between liquidation costs and underinvestment costs implies that low-liquidity firms exhibit negative investment sensitivities to liquid funds, whereas high-liquidity firms have positive sensitiv......We analyze how the liquidity of real and financial assets affects corporate investment. The trade-off between liquidation costs and underinvestment costs implies that low-liquidity firms exhibit negative investment sensitivities to liquid funds, whereas high-liquidity firms have positive...... sensitivities. If real assets are not divisible in liquidation, firms with high financial liquidity optimally avoid external financing and instead cut new investment. If real assets are divisible, firms use external financing, which implies a lower sensitivity. In addition, asset redeployability decreases...... the investment sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that asset liquidity is an important determinant of corporate investment....

  18. Output-based allocation and investment in clean technologies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rosendahl, Knut Einar; Storroesten, Halvor Briseid

    2011-07-01

    Allocation of emission allowances may affect firms' incentives to invest in clean technologies. In this paper we show that so-called output-based allocation tends to stimulate such investments as long as individual firms do not assume the regulator to tighten the allocation rule as a consequence of their investments. The explanation is that output-based allocation creates an implicit subsidy to the firms' output, which increases production, leads to a higher price of allowances, and thus increases the incentives to invest in clean technologies. On the other hand, if the firms expect the regulator to tighten the allocation rule after observing their clean technology investment, the firms' incentives to invest are moderated. If strong, this last effect may outweigh the enhanced investment incentives induced by increased output and higher allowance price. (Author)

  19. Investment under Uncertain Climate Policy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Barradale, Merrill Jones

    2014-01-01

    This paper introduces the concept of payment probability as an important component of carbon risk (the financial risk associated with CO2 emissions under uncertain climate policy). In modeling power plant investment decisions, most existing literature uses the expected carbon price (e.g., the price...... actually be faced in the case of a particular investment. This concept helps explain both the surge of activity in 2005–2006 and the subsequent decline in interest in coal-fired power plant development in the U.S. The data for this case study comes from an extensive online survey of 700 U.S. energy...... design better incentives for investing in low-carbon technologies...

  20. 24 CFR 954.500 - Repayment of investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Repayment of investment. 954.500... DEVELOPMENT INDIAN HOME PROGRAM Program Administration § 954.500 Repayment of investment. (a) HOME funds will be made available pursuant to a HOME Investment Partnership Agreement. The agreement ensures that...

  1. 10 CFR 603.1340 - Technology investment agreement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Technology investment agreement. 603.1340 Section 603.1340 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1340 Technology investment agreement. A TIA is a special type of...

  2. Perspectives of state investment policy in Russia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rumyantseva Anna

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The state investment policy is an important mechanism for the country economy development. The main elements of the state investment policy allow us to outline the ways of this process development in order to increase the economic growth rates and overcome the investment climate complexities.

  3. 24 CFR 1006.235 - Types of investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Types of investments. 1006.235... DEVELOPMENT NATIVE HAWAIIAN HOUSING BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM Eligible Activities § 1006.235 Types of investments... use NHHBG funds for affordable housing activities in the form of equity investments, interest-bearing...

  4. 17 CFR 256.136 - Temporary cash investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Temporary cash investments... UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 3. Current and Accrued Assets § 256.136 Temporary cash investments. This account shall include the cost of investments, such as demand and time loans, bankers' acceptances...

  5. Real Time Investments with Adequate Portfolio Theory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alina Kvietkauskienė

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this paper is to identify investment decision makingschemes using the adequate portfolio model. This approach can be employed to project investment in stocks, using the opportunities offered by the markets and investor intelligence. It was decided to use adequate portfolio theory for investment decision making, simulation of financial markets, and optimisation of utility function. The main conclusion of article suggests investigating return on individual portfolio level. Real investment is a way to make sure of the soundness of applicable strategies.

  6. THE ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE AUTOMOBILE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CEAUȘESCU IONUT

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Direct foreign investment consists of the placing of funds to an economic objective that works abroad, for the purpose of obtaining a certain degree of control over it. Therefore, foreign direct investments are those types of investments in which investors issuers of investment flows have the ability to control and decision on the activity of economic agents receivers of investments. Foreign direct investments have three components, namely: social capital, reinvested profit and loans inside the company. Foreign investment is at this time the engine Romania's development strategy, among the biggest investors in Romania in the country being French Renault group. The investment made, Renault has increased as a brand name, DACIA, extending over boundaries of the country even on the American continent were said so, benefited from your investment both Romanian state, as well as Renault.

  7. 12 CFR 211.8 - Investments and activities abroad.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... of a member bank is deemed to be an investor. (b) Direct investments by member banks. A member bank's direct investments under section 25 of the FRA (12 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) shall be limited to: (1) Foreign... investments in an organization, provided that: (i) Individual investment limits. The total direct and indirect...

  8. Capital investment strategies in health care systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reiter, K L; Smith, D G; Wheeler, J R; Rivenson, H L

    2000-01-01

    Capital investment decisions are among the most important decisions made by firms. They determine the firm's capacity for providing services and commit the firm's cash for an extended period of time. Interviews with chief financial officers of leading health care systems reveal capital investment strategies that generally follow the recommendations of modern finance theory. Still, there is substantial variation in capital budgeting techniques, methods of risk adjustment, and the importance of qualitative considerations in investment decision making. There is also variation in delegation of investment decision making to operating units and methods of performance evaluation. Health care systems face the same challenges as other organizations in developing and implementing capital investment strategies that use consistent methods for evaluation of projects that have inconsistent aims and outcomes.

  9. LEVERAGE IMPACTS ON AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPANY INVESTMENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nugroho A.C.

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Agro-industry has an important role in Indonesian economic growth. One of the crucial constraints in agro-industry investments in developing country is due to limited access to investment fund. This research was aimed to analyze the impacts of leverage on the agro-industrial company investments. The research used financial report data of the manufacturing industries on agro-industrial bases registered in Indonesian Stock-Exchange from 2007 to 2016. The data were analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The results of the research showed that the leverage influenced negatively on the agro-industrial companies. Cash flow has a negative impact on the company investments, which shows the existence of financial constraints when the company decide to invest.

  10. Delaying investments in sensor technology: The rationality of dairy farmers' investment decisions illustrated within the framework of real options theory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rutten, C J; Steeneveld, W; Oude Lansink, A G J M; Hogeveen, H

    2018-05-02

    The adoption rate of sensors on dairy farms varies widely. Whereas some sensors are hardly adopted, others are adopted by many farmers. A potential rational explanation for the difference in adoption may be the expected future technological progress in the sensor technology and expected future improved decision support possibilities. For some sensors not much progress can be expected because the technology has already made enormous progress in recent years, whereas for sensors that have only recently been introduced on the market, much progress can be expected. The adoption of sensors may thus be partly explained by uncertainty about the investment decision, in which uncertainty lays in the future performance of the sensors and uncertainty about whether improved informed decision support will become available. The overall aim was to offer a plausible example of why a sensor may not be adopted now. To explain this, the role of uncertainty about technological progress in the investment decision was illustrated for highly adopted sensors (automated estrus detection) and hardly adopted sensors (automated body condition score). This theoretical illustration uses the real options theory, which accounts for the role of uncertainty in the timing of investment decisions. A discrete event model, simulating a farm of 100 dairy cows, was developed to estimate the net present value (NPV) of investing now and investing in 5 yr in both sensor systems. The results show that investing now in automated estrus detection resulted in a higher NPV than investing 5 yr from now, whereas for the automated body condition score postponing the investment resulted in a higher NPV compared with investing now. These results are in line with the observation that farmers postpone investments in sensors. Also, the current high adoption of automated estrus detection sensors can be explained because the NPV of investing now is higher than the NPV of investing in 5 yr. The results confirm that

  11. Capitals Cost and the Investments Actualisation Rate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ion Stancu

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available In this article, the author has assumed himself an assignment somehow ostentatious but useful, we believe, naming the one to illustrate by means of figures, the influence of both leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital, cost which will be used in capital budgeting. This synthesis is meant to be a forthcoming approach to a later investigation of the problems raised by the estimation of the cost of capital in the specific conditions of both the financial market in Romania and the quality of the economic-financial information, information available for this estimation. The discount rate for an investment project (kinv with a risk equal to the risk undertaken by the enterprise and financed within the firm’s capital structure itself (having the same leverage is equal to the (weighted average cost of capital in the respective risk class (k. Under these circumstances, it is interesting to find out this opportunity cost of capital invested in a medium-sized enterprise: a with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, all equity financed; b with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, financed both by equity and debt; c with new investments, all equity financed; d with new investments, financed both by equity and debt. Under these conditions, we estimate the effect of both the leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital (kec and kc to be able to determine in the end the discount rate of the analyzed investment (kinv: for enterprises with only maintaining investments (g = 0, unlevered (U and levered (L; for enterprises with growing investments (g > 0, unlevered (U and levered (L.

  12. Capitals Cost and the Investments Actualisation Rate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ion Stancu

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available In this article, the author has assumed himself an assignment somehow ostentatious but useful, we believe, naming the one to illustrate by means of figures, the influence of both leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital, cost which will be used in capital budgeting. This synthesis is meant to be a forthcoming approach to a later investigation of the problems raised by the estimation of the cost of capital in the specific conditions of both the financial market in Romania and the quality of the economic-financial information, information available for this estimation. The discount rate for an investment project (kinv with a risk equal to the risk undertaken by the enterprise and financed within the firm’s capital structure itself (having the same leverage is equal to the (weighted average cost of capital in the respective risk class (k. Under these circumstances, it is interesting to find out this opportunity cost of capital invested in a medium-sized enterprise: a with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, all equity financed; b with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, financed both by equity and debt; c with new investments, all equity financed; d with new investments, financed both by equity and debt. Under these conditions, we estimate the effect of both the leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital (kec and kc to be able to determine in the end the discount rate of the analyzed investment (kinv: for enterprises with only maintaining investments (g = 0, unlevered (U and levered (L; for enterprises with growing investments (g > 0, unlevered (U and levered (L.

  13. The evolution of investments decision mode in China's telecommunication

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    ZHANG Ai-hua; ZHAO Lian-qiang; SHU Hua-ying

    2007-01-01

    This essay analyzes the data of Chinese telecommunication market, telecommunication investments and investment benefits over the past 20 years. On the basis of these data, the essay reviews Chinese changing telecommunication policies and discusses the major events in the course of China's telecommunication development. It is argued that telecommunication policies, regime backgrounds and market demand characteristics have a significant impact on investment decision mode in telecommunication industry. The evolution of network investments decision mode in China's telecommunication has corresponded to the transformation of these key factors. Considering the special events in the development of Chinese telecommunication as divisions, the essay discusses three stages of the evolution of investments decision mode in China's telecommunication. With the firm environment and problems that Chinese telecommunication operators have been facing since 2000 analyzed. it is demonstrated that Chinese telecommunication operators should change their mode of investment decision into the "profit-oriented investment decision mode" in order to achieve a high growth performance in the capital market,. This investment decision mode will result in increase of the investment profit with limited investment capital. The main procedure of profit-oriented investment decision mode is set out, which is abstracted to a mathematical model eventually.

  14. On the calibration process of film dosimetry: OLS inverse regression versus WLS inverse prediction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Crop, F; Thierens, H; Rompaye, B Van; Paelinck, L; Vakaet, L; Wagter, C De

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this study was both putting forward a statistically correct model for film calibration and the optimization of this process. A reliable calibration is needed in order to perform accurate reference dosimetry with radiographic (Gafchromic) film. Sometimes, an ordinary least squares simple linear (in the parameters) regression is applied to the dose-optical-density (OD) curve with the dose as a function of OD (inverse regression) or sometimes OD as a function of dose (inverse prediction). The application of a simple linear regression fit is an invalid method because heteroscedasticity of the data is not taken into account. This could lead to erroneous results originating from the calibration process itself and thus to a lower accuracy. In this work, we compare the ordinary least squares (OLS) inverse regression method with the correct weighted least squares (WLS) inverse prediction method to create calibration curves. We found that the OLS inverse regression method could lead to a prediction bias of up to 7.3 cGy at 300 cGy and total prediction errors of 3% or more for Gafchromic EBT film. Application of the WLS inverse prediction method resulted in a maximum prediction bias of 1.4 cGy and total prediction errors below 2% in a 0-400 cGy range. We developed a Monte-Carlo-based process to optimize calibrations, depending on the needs of the experiment. This type of thorough analysis can lead to a higher accuracy for film dosimetry

  15. Socially Responsible Investment in Japanese Pensions

    OpenAIRE

    Henry Hongbo Jin; Olivia S. Mitchell; John Piggott

    2005-01-01

    As the level of retirement-related assets has grown, so too has public and private interest in so-called "Socially Responsible Investment" (SRI), an investment strategy that employs criteria other than the usual financial risk and return factors when selecting firms in which to invest. This study evaluates whether SRI indexes would alter portfolio risk and return patterns for the new defined contribution pension plans currently on offer in Japan. We conclude that SRI funds can be included as ...

  16. 25 CFR 87.11 - Investment of judgment funds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Investment of judgment funds. 87.11 Section 87.11 Indians... JUDGMENT FUNDS § 87.11 Investment of judgment funds. As soon as possible after the appropriation of... distribution of the funds, the Commissioner shall invest such funds pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 162a. Investments of...

  17. Three Target Sectors for a European Investment Strategy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Janin, Lionel; Douillard, Pierre

    2014-11-01

    While the president of the European Commission is getting ready to present the 'Juncker package' announced in July 2014, to revive activity in Europe through investment, what are the sectors in which these investments may be concentrated? The overall analysis of investment gaps in the euro zone has confirmed the requirement for a European macro-economic revival effort that involves investment, public or private, undertaken very quickly, even though this diagnosis varies depending on the country. The drivers of a European investment strategy are fiscal, regulatory and financial and are based on the selection of projects for the future. This third 'Note d'analyse' addresses the topic of investment potential in three key sectors: transport, energy and the digital sector, for which the amount of additional investment could reach euro 120 billion per year and thus, over three years, be higher than the forecasts in the Juncker plan. This maximalist amount mainly corresponds to the implementation of an ambitious energy-climate policy. Given current budgetary constraints, carefully selecting the desired investments, for which their social utility must be validated, is imperative: socioeconomic evaluation is the appropriate approach, particularly for taking into account the environmental externalities that now justify significant investments in the ecological transition. (authors)

  18. Anisotropic wave-equation traveltime and waveform inversion

    KAUST Repository

    Feng, Shihang

    2016-09-06

    The wave-equation traveltime and waveform inversion (WTW) methodology is developed to invert for anisotropic parameters in a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) meidum. The simultaneous inversion of anisotropic parameters v0, ε and δ is initially performed using the wave-equation traveltime inversion (WT) method. The WT tomograms are then used as starting background models for VTI full waveform inversion. Preliminary numerical tests on synthetic data demonstrate the feasibility of this method for multi-parameter inversion.

  19. Analysis of stage-investing strategy in equity financing market

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    XUN Minghui

    2007-01-01

    Stage-investing strategy is a primary measure to mitigate asymmetric information during equity investment. This paper attempts to investigate the problem faced by equity investors wishing to make optimal investment decision under stage-investing strategy.A serial investment-decision making model will be designed to help investors to take the best choice.

  20. Summary of the World Energy Investment Outlook 2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    The current edition of the World Energy Investment Outlook published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) focuses on the foreseeable worldwide investment requirement in the energy sector. The study lists these conclusions, among others: -Total investments of U.S. dollar 16,000 billion worldwide are needed for the energy supply infrastructure over the period 2001 to 2030. They are necessary to add to the power supply capacities and to replace existing power systems and power supply systems. - The financial resources available worldwide are sufficient, basically, to finance the energy investments forecast in the study. The framework conditions necessary for this purpose must be established. - The world energy resources are sufficient to meet the projected demand. Mobilizing the investments depends on the ability of the energy sector to hold its own in the competition for capital with other sectors of the economy. - Energy investments will be dominated by the electricity sector. This sector is likely to absorb nearly U.S. dollar 10,000 billion, or 60% of the total investment. - The developing countries, where energy generation and consumption are going to increase at the fastest rate, will take nearly half of the energy investment worldwide. - A major share of these energy investments is needed to keep up the present level of supply. - The largest share of investments into fossil sources of energy will be spent on extraction costs, exploration included, with different shares applying to the different sources of energy. (orig.) [de

  1. Investment behaviour in individual nontransferable quota systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Frank; Andersen, Jesper Levring; Jensen, Carsten Lynge

    2012-01-01

    This article studies the investment behaviour of the Danish demersal fishery in the North Sea. For the study period, this fishery is regulated by variants of individual nontransferable quotas. It is shown that interest rates and capital stocks are primary determinants of investments. Another......, the variance of the estimated parameters is lower in the disaggregated models. This result arises because vessels in the disaggregated models are more homogeneous. Furthermore, investments in machinery, electronics and vessels are governed by one year lagged variables, while investment in gears is governed...

  2. STUDY OF INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC RELAUNCH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VĂDUVA MARIA

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Investment is the main route of economic growth, and for carrying out a modern structures branches of production. By investments to ensure economic and social development of our country,

  3. [Investing in health: the economic case. Report of the WISH Investing in Health Forum 2016].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamey, Gavin; Beyeler, Naomi; Wadge, Hester; Jamison, Dean

    2017-01-01

    Developing country governments and aid agencies face difficult decisions on how best to allocate their finite resources. Investments in many different sectors -including education, water and sanitation, transportation, and health- can all reap social and economic benefits. This report focuses specifically on the health sector. It presents compelling evidence of the value of scaling-up health investments. The economic case for increasing these investments in health has never been stronger. Having made progress in reducing maternal and child mortality, and deaths from infectious diseases, it is essential that policymakers do not become complacent. These gains will be quickly reversed without sustained health investments. Scaled-up investments will be needed to tackle the emerging non-communicable disease (NCD) burden and to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). The value of investment in health far beyond its performance is reflected in economic prosperity through gross domestic product (GDP). People put a high monetary value on the additional years of life that health investments can bring -an inherent value to being alive for longer, unrelated to productivity. Policymakers need to do more to ensure that spending on health reflects people's priorities. To make sure services are accessible to all, governments have a clear role to play in financing health. Without public financing, there will be some who cannot afford the care they need, and they will be forced to choose sickness -perhaps even death- and financial ruin; a devastating choice that already pushes 150 million people into poverty every year. In low-income countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs), public financing should be used to achieve universal coverage with a package of highly cost-effective interventions ('best buys'). Governments failing to protect the health and wealth of their people in this way will be unable to reap the benefits of long-term economic prosperity and growth. Public

  4. Inverse logarithmic potential problem

    CERN Document Server

    Cherednichenko, V G

    1996-01-01

    The Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems Series is a series of monographs publishing postgraduate level information on inverse and ill-posed problems for an international readership of professional scientists and researchers. The series aims to publish works which involve both theory and applications in, e.g., physics, medicine, geophysics, acoustics, electrodynamics, tomography, and ecology.

  5. Inverse Kinematics of a Serial Robot

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amici Cinzia

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This work describes a technique to treat the inverse kinematics of a serial manipulator. The inverse kinematics is obtained through the numerical inversion of the Jacobian matrix, that represents the equation of motion of the manipulator. The inversion is affected by numerical errors and, in different conditions, due to the numerical nature of the solver, it does not converge to a reasonable solution. Thus a soft computing approach is adopted to mix different traditional methods to obtain an increment of algorithmic convergence.

  6. 29 CFR 2550.404c-5 - Fiduciary relief for investments in qualified default investment alternatives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ..., transfer agent and similar administrative expenses), and are not imposed, or do not vary, based on a... accepted investment theories, is diversified so as to minimize the risk of large losses and that is... portfolio that applies generally accepted investment theories, is diversified so as to minimize the risk of...

  7. 17 CFR 1.27 - Record of investments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Record of investments. 1.27... UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money, Securities, and Property § 1.27 Record of investments... record showing the following: (1) The date on which such investments were made; (2) The name of the...

  8. Testing earthquake source inversion methodologies

    KAUST Repository

    Page, Morgan T.; Mai, Paul Martin; Schorlemmer, Danijel

    2011-01-01

    Source Inversion Validation Workshop; Palm Springs, California, 11-12 September 2010; Nowadays earthquake source inversions are routinely performed after large earthquakes and represent a key connection between recorded seismic and geodetic data

  9. Inverse transition radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinhauer, L.C.; Romea, R.D.; Kimura, W.D.

    1997-01-01

    A new method for laser acceleration is proposed based upon the inverse process of transition radiation. The laser beam intersects an electron-beam traveling between two thin foils. The principle of this acceleration method is explored in terms of its classical and quantum bases and its inverse process. A closely related concept based on the inverse of diffraction radiation is also presented: this concept has the significant advantage that apertures are used to allow free passage of the electron beam. These concepts can produce net acceleration because they do not satisfy the conditions in which the Lawson-Woodward theorem applies (no net acceleration in an unbounded vacuum). Finally, practical aspects such as damage limits at optics are employed to find an optimized set of parameters. For reasonable assumptions an acceleration gradient of 200 MeV/m requiring a laser power of less than 1 GW is projected. An interesting approach to multi-staging the acceleration sections is also presented. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

  10. Direct Spanish Investments in Latin America

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo Arahuetes García

    1995-11-01

    Full Text Available In the period 1981-1992, the international flow of direct investments witnessed significant changes which affected their magnitude, geographical orientation, sectorial distribution, forms of investment and sources of financing. This happened in such a way that traditional distribution among industrialized and developing countries was modified as was the capacity for attraction of the different areas in development. In this sense, the main contrast could be seen in the growing importance of East and South East Asia and the decline of Latin American countries which traditionally have been the largest receivers of direct investments within the group of developing countries. The expansive phase of direct investments begun in 1986 threatened to exclude Latin American countries but the establishment of a new framework for the treatment of the problem of external debt -the Brady Plan-, the change in the context of theinternational economy in 1990 and the stability and economic growth of the countries of the region favoured, without a doubt, the recovery of the capacity for attraction for new flows of direct investments regarding Latin American countries.In this way, Latin America registered once again a growing participation in the international flow of direct investments. The evolution of direct Spanish investment in Latin America followed a path similar to that of wider international flows and, after the intense absorption of the first years of the Eighties, the rest of the decade registered a discreet attraction for investors which only began to change course from 1989 onwards with the reestablishment of the new phase of the economic cycle in the countries of the region.

  11. ENDOR with band-selective shaped inversion pulses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tait, Claudia E.; Stoll, Stefan

    2017-04-01

    Electron Nuclear DOuble Resonance (ENDOR) is based on the measurement of nuclear transition frequencies through detection of changes in the polarization of electron transitions. In Davies ENDOR, the initial polarization is generated by a selective microwave inversion pulse. The rectangular inversion pulses typically used are characterized by a relatively low selectivity, with full inversion achieved only for a limited number of spin packets with small resonance offsets. With the introduction of pulse shaping to EPR, the rectangular inversion pulses can be replaced with shaped pulses with increased selectivity. Band-selective inversion pulses are characterized by almost rectangular inversion profiles, leading to full inversion for spin packets with resonance offsets within the pulse excitation bandwidth and leaving spin packets outside the excitation bandwidth largely unaffected. Here, we explore the consequences of using different band-selective amplitude-modulated pulses designed for NMR as the inversion pulse in ENDOR. We find an increased sensitivity for small hyperfine couplings compared to rectangular pulses of the same bandwidth. In echo-detected Davies-type ENDOR, finite Fourier series inversion pulses combine the advantages of increased absolute ENDOR sensitivity of short rectangular inversion pulses and increased sensitivity for small hyperfine couplings of long rectangular inversion pulses. The use of pulses with an almost rectangular frequency-domain profile also allows for increased control of the hyperfine contrast selectivity. At X-band, acquisition of echo transients as a function of radiofrequency and appropriate selection of integration windows during data processing allows efficient separation of contributions from weakly and strongly coupled nuclei in overlapping ENDOR spectra within a single experiment.

  12. Intellectual Capital: Perceptions of Productivity and Investment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aristides Isidoro Ferreira

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available This study focuses on the influence intellectual capital has on employees’ perceptions as related to both company investments and productivity levels. The data was obtained from 440 employees at 13 Portuguese companies. Both ANOVA and Regression Analysis were conducted in order to understand the impact three Intellectual Capital Scale components have on perceptions of investment and organizational productivity. Results show that companies with higher scores of Structural Capital have a lower perception of investment in human resources and research, as well as a higher perception of investment in marketing and sales. Moreover, employees of companies with higher Structural Capital scores also have higher perceptions of productivity. On the other hand, organizations with higher investment in Customer Capital tend to be associated with a lower perception of organizational productivity.

  13. Does Foreign Aid Increase Foreign Direct Investment?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Selaya, Pablo; Sunesen, Eva Rytter

      The notion that foreign aid and foreign direct investment (FDI) are complementary sources of capital is conventional among governments and international cooperation agencies. This paper argues that the notion is incomplete. Within the framework of an open economy Solow model we show...... that the theoretical relationship between foreign aid and FDI is indeterminate. Aid may raise the marginal productivity of capital by financing complementary inputs, such as public infrastructure projects and human capital investment. However, aid may also crowd out productive private investments if it comes...... in the shape of physical capital transfers. We therefore turn to an empirical analysis of the relationship between FDI and disaggregated aid flows. Our results strongly support the hypotheses that aid invested in complementary inputs draws in foreign capital while aid invested in physical capital crowds out...

  14. The Importance of Investment Decisions in Project Management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cosmina Mădălina Pop

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available The financing decision alongside with investment decision represents the core of financial management. The paper presents the main steps in realizing investment projects, the option criteria used in pre-investment analysis, the techniques of financing the investments project, but also the methods of evaluation applied in selecting the most suitable project, accordingly with company’s developlment strategy and policy.

  15. Inverse problems in the Bayesian framework

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calvetti, Daniela; Somersalo, Erkki; Kaipio, Jari P

    2014-01-01

    The history of Bayesian methods dates back to the original works of Reverend Thomas Bayes and Pierre-Simon Laplace: the former laid down some of the basic principles on inverse probability in his classic article ‘An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances’ that was read posthumously in the Royal Society in 1763. Laplace, on the other hand, in his ‘Memoirs on inverse probability’ of 1774 developed the idea of updating beliefs and wrote down the celebrated Bayes’ formula in the form we know today. Although not identified yet as a framework for investigating inverse problems, Laplace used the formalism very much in the spirit it is used today in the context of inverse problems, e.g., in his study of the distribution of comets. With the evolution of computational tools, Bayesian methods have become increasingly popular in all fields of human knowledge in which conclusions need to be drawn based on incomplete and noisy data. Needless to say, inverse problems, almost by definition, fall into this category. Systematic work for developing a Bayesian inverse problem framework can arguably be traced back to the 1980s, (the original first edition being published by Elsevier in 1987), although articles on Bayesian methodology applied to inverse problems, in particular in geophysics, had appeared much earlier. Today, as testified by the articles in this special issue, the Bayesian methodology as a framework for considering inverse problems has gained a lot of popularity, and it has integrated very successfully with many traditional inverse problems ideas and techniques, providing novel ways to interpret and implement traditional procedures in numerical analysis, computational statistics, signal analysis and data assimilation. The range of applications where the Bayesian framework has been fundamental goes from geophysics, engineering and imaging to astronomy, life sciences and economy, and continues to grow. There is no question that Bayesian

  16. Foreign Investment Boosts Rural Economies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Glasmeier, Amy; Glickman, Norman

    1990-01-01

    Through 1987, 10 percent of foreign investment was in nonmetro counties; 44 percent of this was in the South; and 38 percent of nonmetro foreign investment created new jobs (versus 17 percent in metro areas). Foreign investors chose nonmetro areas with low wages, lack of unionization history, good transportation access, and government incentives.…

  17. German crowd-investing platforms: Literature review and survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Grundy

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article presents a comprehensive overview of the current German crowd-investing market drawing on a data-set of 31 crowd-investing platforms including the analysis of 265 completed projects. While crowd-investing market still only represents a niche in the German venture capital market, there is potential for an increase in both market volume and in average project investment. The market share is distributed among a few crowd-investing platforms with high entry barriers for new platforms although platforms that specialise in certain sectors have managed to successfully enter the market. German crowd-investing platforms are found to promote mainly internet-based enterprises (36% followed by projects in real estate (24% and green projects (19%, with the median money raised 100,000 euro.

  18. ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT RISK IN CRYPTOCURRENCY BITCOIN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kinga Kądziołka

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the article was to evaluate the risks of investing in Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Particular attention was paid to the risk of investment on the Polish exchanges: Bitcurex, BitBay, BitMarket.pl and LocalBitcoins. To evaluate the risk there was used VaR measure. There were compared the risk of investing in Bitcoin cryptocurrency and the risk of investing in the selected "traditional" currencies. There was also paid attention to the effect of day of the week on the Bitcoin’s exchanges. The investment in cryptocurrency was characterized by higher risk than investing in “traditional” currencies. The Polish Bitcoin exchange LocalBitcoins was characterized by the highest risk and highest average daily rate of return.

  19. Investment in Renewable Energies in Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Recalde

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes how the enabling conditions of the energy policy of a developing country such as Argentina, are crucial for the deployment of renewable energy investments. The conclusions highlights that the low institutional quality of the country shapes enabling conditions and reduce effect of the instruments of the energy policy, dropping incentives for investment in renewable technologies in the country. Therefore, in order to promote renewable technologies investments efficiently, the institutional framework of countries must be seriously improved.

  20. Investment scenarios for Chinese power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1995-01-01

    An analysis is provided of returns for investment in power plants in China and India. Three sample investment scenarios are compared to illustrate the relative merits of each financing arrangement. The best returns would seem to be offered by a mix of debt and equity financing. The potential problem of gradual currency depreciation can be overcome by early cash payments. Foreign investment in China's power generation industry would be more readily forthcoming if easier access to debt finance were available. (UK)