ABSENTISMO Y ROTACIÓN EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN MASIVA DE VIVIENDA. EFECTO EN LA PRODUCTIVIDAD

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Carlos Enrique Arcudia Abad

2003-09-01

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El trabajo está enfocado a dos aspectos importantes y poco estudiados, y que predominan en la mano de obra de albañilería en la construcción masiva de vivienda: el absentismo y la rotación. En esta investigación se tuvo como objetivo: desarrollar una metodología para medir dichos fenómenos, realizar esta y, posteriormente, efectuar un análisis de correlación entre estos y la productividad con el fin de determinar una posible relación. El estudio se encaminó a dos niveles de organización de la mano de obra de albañilería: en la brigada y en la cuadrilla, según se tratase de todo el grupo que labora en una o más unidades de vivienda o del que desarrolla una actividad de construcción específica en las mismas. La investigación abarca dos proyectos de construcción masiva de vivienda. Los resultados obtenidos fueron cotejados con los reportes de estudios realizados en otros contextos, los cuales se basaban en índices de absentismo de la brigada en grandes proyectos de construcción.

Microbiota intestinal, probióticos y prebióticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos David Castañeda Guillot

2017-12-01

Full Text Available La microbiota intestinal es el elemento fundamental del “Ecosistema Intestinal”, cuyas acciones tienen un efecto beneficioso para la salud, al participar de forma activa en los procesos de digestión de nutrientes asociado a sus mecanismos sobre la homeostasis y la inmunidad del intestino. Los probióticos y prebióticos juegan un rol decisivo en la modulación de la microbiota intestinal y han demostrado sus beneficios para el tratamiento de distintas enfermedades intestinales y extra-intestinales. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases documentales de PubMed, SciELO y Latindex de publicaciones relacionadas con la microbiota intestinal, probióticos y prebióticos hasta el 30 junio 2017. Son actualizados los criterios relacionados con las funciones de la microbiota intestinal, el proceso de implantación a partir del nacimiento, el desarrollo acelerado en su composición, los distintos factores que influencian en su diversidad y estabilidad para mantener un estado de eubiosis en el curso de la vida. El desequlibrio de la misma (disbiosis es un elemento de importancia en la producción de afecciones intestinales y extra-intestinales agudas y crónicas. Se revisaron los probióticos y prebióticos, sus ventajas, tipos, indicaciones y las formas de obtención de los prebióticos. El papel de la microbiota intestinal como órgano metabólico por sus múltiples funciones, en especial la homeostasis e inmunidad intestinal y sus beneficios para la salud son revisados. La participación de los probióticos y prebióticos como terapéutica y sus efectos en enfermedades intestinales y extra-intestinales relacionadas con la microbiota y su modulación son examinados por su importancia en la práctica médica.

Micropropagación masiva de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni en sistemas de inmersión temporal

OpenAIRE

Alvarenga Venutolo, Silvana

2015-01-01

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, familia Asteraceae, es conocida como “yerba dulce” por poseer un edulcorante natural. Sus propiedades provienen de la presencia de glicósidos diterpenos denominados esteviósidos y rebaudiósidos en las hojas. El porcentaje de germinación de las semillas de S. rebaudiana es muy bajo y las plantas producidas son heterogéneas, por lo que no es conveniente para la propagación masiva en campo. El cultivo en sistemas de inmersión temporal, es una herramienta eficaz para la...

El legado del Movimiento Moderno. Conjuntos de vivienda masiva en ciudades europeas del Oeste y del Este. No tan diferentes…

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Javier Monclús

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es comparar y contrastar algunos conjuntos de vivienda modernos en ciudades europeas del Oeste (“capitalistas” y del Este (“socialistas”. Nuestro trabajo se centra en conjuntos de vivienda masiva construidos en el periodo de crecimiento urbano acelerado que tuvo lugar en Europa principalmente en las décadas de los años 60 y 70 del pasado siglo. El punto de partida más obvio es que las ciudades socialistas son diferentes de las europeas occidentales por la distinta naturaleza de sus políticas urbanas, el sistema de planificación económica socialista centralizada, la ausencia de un mercado del suelo libre, el impacto de la industrial­ización en el sector de la construcción, etc. Sin embargo, hay muchos conceptos en urbanismo, así como en los procesos urbanos, que fueron compartidos en ambos sistemas políticos e ideológicos. El artículo ofrece una perspectiva comparada de la naturaleza de esos conjuntos residenciales modernos construidos a ambos lados del Telón de Acero –Housing Es­tates en UK, Grands Ensembles en Francia, Großsiedlungen en Alemania, Polígonos en España o los grandes conjuntos residenciales socialistas en los países del Bloque del Este– con el fin de entender mejor si –y hasta qué punto– las formas urbanas de dichos conjuntos son el resultado de la cultura internacional del urbanismo moderno.

Ángeles Sin Fronteras , A.C. y el proceso de deportación a Mexicali, Baja California

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Tatiana E. Lara San Luis

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las políticas migratorias estadounidenses que buscan a toda costa repatriar mexicanos desde los Estados Unidos no son nuevas. Contrario a lo que se pueda pensar, la deportación y repatriación hacia la frontera norte de México forman parte de un largo proceso histórico. En el caso de la frontera noroeste del país, la necesidad de dar solución a las deportaciones masivas, iniciadas luego de la década de 1990, o más bien, mejorar las condiciones en que se realizan, ha impulsado la formación de asociaciones —civiles o religiosas— destinadas a proporcionar apoyo a los connacionales recién llegados. Un ejemplo claro de ellas es la conformada por migrantes deportados y ciudadanos de la ciudad de Mexicali, Ángeles Sin Fronteras, quienes a partir de la puesta en marcha del Hotel del Migrante, proporcionan alojamiento y comida de manera gratuita a varones deportados a dicha población. Asimismo, permiten la participación activa de la comu � nidad a partir de donaciones y la interacción de los migrantes en la que se vuelve su nueva ciudad, generando mecanismos de sobrevivencia para quienes han quedado a la intemperie.

Mortandad masiva de mesodesma mactroides (bivalvia: mactracea) en el partido de la Costa, Buenos Aires, Argentina, en septiembre 2004

OpenAIRE

Thompson, Gustavo; Bock, Mariana Federica Sánchez de

2007-01-01

La almeja amarilla Mesodesma mactroides ha sido diezmada por vários eventos de mortandad masiva a lo largo de su distribución en Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina. Este estudio evalúa y compara la concentración de As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn, em los tejidos de las almejas colectadas durante un evento de mortandad en Septiembre 2004 y un año después. La cuantificación de los metales se realizó por digestión ácida y posterior determinación por espectrometría. Los valores de Cd, Cu y Pb (11 ± 2, 42 ± ...

Culturas fan y cultura masiva: prácticas e identidades juveniles de otakus y gamers

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Federico Álvarez Gandolfi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available [es] El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de cómo, en torno de productos mediáticos y prácticas socioculturales comunes, los fans del anime o series animadas japonesas –autodenominados otakus– y los fans de los videojuegos japoneses –autodenominados gamers– elaboran un universo simbólico propio y compartido sobre el cual pueden construir identidades juveniles que son diferentes entre sí. El interés por las significaciones que producen estos fans surge del auge de la cultura masiva japonesa en la Argentina, evidenciado, por ejemplo, en la transmisión de distintos animes por las emisoras nacionales de televisión por aire Telefe y Canal 9, en ciclos organizados por la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y en documentales del Canal Encuentro –gestionado por el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación Argentina–, así como en la promoción institucional de dichas series animadas y de los videojuegos en Tecnópolis –muestra nacional de arte, ciencia y tecnología–, la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la Agenda Cultural del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Es así como, desde una perspectiva socioantropológica y comunicacional, cabe reflexionar sobre los usos y reapropiaciones que hacen los jóvenes fans de los objetos de la cultura de masas japonesa que viven en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Asimismo, hay que tener en cuenta que las distintas prácticas desarrolladas en torno del consumo de estos productos están encuadradas dentro de flujos globales que generan procesos interculturales de construcción de identidades, inscriptos a la vez en relaciones de poder intraculturales y procesos alternativos de producción cultural. [en] This work aims to give an account of how fans of anime or Japanese animated series –self-described otakus– and fans of Japanese video games –self-described gamers– create their own and shared symbolic universe around common media products and

Un Protocolo Conversacional de una Entrevista de Corte Policiaco a un Detenido, Difundida en los Medios de Comunicación Masiva

OpenAIRE

Vázquez Laslop María Eugenia

2017-01-01

El 30 de agosto de 2010 la Policía Federal mexicana detuvo a uno de los capos del narcotráfico más buscados del momento, Édgar Valdez Villarreal, “La Barbie”. Durante los primeros días de septiembre la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública difundió en los medios de comunicación masiva fragmentos de una entrevista al detenido realizada el 31 de agosto, que seguía un formato en apariencia oficial e institucional. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la entrevista a modo de protocolo en términos ...

Privacidad en internet: los derechos fundamentales de privacidad e intimidad en internet y su regulación jurídica. La vigilancia masiva

OpenAIRE

González Porras, Andrés José

2016-01-01

La investigación que se presenta, trata de un estudio jurídico de la vigilancia masiva y la afectación de los derechos de intimidad, secreto a las comunicaciones y la protección de las personas frente al tratamiento de sus datos personales. Ciertamente, los avances de las tecnologías, en los últimos años, han transformado a los seres humanos en muchos sentidos y han permitido un progreso sin precedentes. La sociedad contemporánea depende en muchos aspectos de las facilidades ofrecidas por...

LOS PROCESOS DE ÚNICA INSTANCIA EN EL CÓDIGO GENERAL DEL PROCESO: LA GARANTÍA CONSTITUCIONAL DEL DEBIDO PROCESO Y LA DOBLE INSTANCIA

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César; Yáñez Meza, Diego Armando

2017-01-01

En el presente artículo se evalúa la figura de la única instancia en la ley 1564/2012 o Código General del Proceso, con la finalidad de determinar si estos procesos son una infracción a la garantía constitucional del debido proceso y la doble instancia. Esta ley en sus artículos 17, 19 y 21, estableció la competencia de los jueces civiles municipales, civiles de circuito y de familia en procesos de única instancia, disposiciones que pueden constituirse como una infracción a la garantía proces...

Justicia electrónica

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Leonardo Álvarez Casallas

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El Proyecto 198 de 2009, reforma del Código Contencioso Administrativo, introduce la desmaterialización del proceso judicial y la aplicación masiva de TIC, exponiendo en este artículo el entendimiento doctrinario sobre la e-justicia, sus desarrollos en Colombia y una explicación de los artículos que posibilitan su desarrollo en la justicia Contenciosa Administrativa.

Proyecto de reforma del Proceso Penal

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Beatriz Scapusio

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El Anteproyecto de Código de Proceso PenalExpositora: Beatriz ScapusioLa Imputabilidad Aportes dogmáticos para un tema clave de la responsablidad penalExpositor: Dardo Preza RestucciaEstructuras procesales en el proceso de conocimiento y en el proceso de ejecuciónExpositora: Raquel Landeira

Optimizaión de un protocolo para el cultivo in vitro y la micropropagación masiva del llantén (Plantago major

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Giovanni Garro M.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Llantén (P. major posee propiedades medicinales antiinflamatorias y cicatrizantes que han sido aprovechadas en muchas latitudes desde épocas remotas. Los estudios del cultivo in vitro de esta especie son escasos, a pesar de las ventajas que este tipo de técnicas presenta en especies de uso medicinal. En este trabajo se logró desarrollar un protocolo para el establecimiento y la reproducción masiva in vitro del llantén. Se estableció un protocolo de desinfección de semillas y se obtuvo plántulas germinadas in vitro que se utilizaron como fuente de explantes para la fase de micropropagación masiva. Se evaluó el cultivo de ápices en medios de cultivo con sales y vitaminas de M & S (1962 al 100% y al 50%, suplementados con los siguientes reguladores de crecimiento: 1,2mg/l de ANA (Ácido naftalenacético, 0,6 mg/l y 0,4 mg/l de BAP (Bencil amino purina y 1mg/l de TDZ (Tidiazurón en diferentes combinaciones. Los mejores resultados en la inducción de brotes fueron obtenidos en 14,9 brotes promedio por explante en el medio con las sales y vitaminas M & S (1962 reducidas al 50% de su concentración y sin reguladores de crecimiento. Con este tratamiento, un total de 150 vitroplantas provenientes de distintos tratamientos han sido llevadas a condiciones de invernadero con un 100% de sobrevivencia.

Efecto de la suplementación con una dosis masiva de vitamina A en niños de 6 a 36 meses de edad

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Robles-Sardin Alma E.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación con una dosis masiva de vitamina A en el estado nutricio de dicha vitamina y del hierro, en niños de zonas urbanas marginadas de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron 60 niños (6-36 meses, a los que se les administró una dosis de 100 000 UI (6-12 meses y 200 000 UI (12-36 meses de vitamina A en el Día Nacional de Salud de la Secretaría de Salud (junio de 1994. Se midieron niveles séricos de retinol, carotenoides, hierro, transferrina y ferritina, en tres fases: basal, a las dos semanas y después de tres meses. Resultados. En la primera fase, la mediana de retinol fue 0.7µmol/l; en la segunda aumentó a 0.97µmol/l (p 0.05. Un 6.3% de los niños presentó deficiencia severa de vitamina A al inicio, y no se encontró ningún caso en las fases posteriores a la suplementación. En la fase basal, 42% de los casos presentaron deficiencia moderada y la mayoría fue normal en las siguientes fases. No hubo diferencias en los niveles de hierro y transferrina (p > 0.05, pero sí en ferritina (p < 0.001, lo que indica un mejoramiento en las reservas de hierro a los tres meses. Conclusiones. Las campañas de distribución de dosis masivas pueden tener un impacto importante en el estado nutricio de vitamina A y hierro.

[Adult intestinal malrotation associated with intestinal volvulus].

Science.gov (United States)

Hernando-Almudí, Ernesto; Cerdán-Pascual, Rafael; Vallejo-Bernad, Cristina; Martín-Cuartero, Joaquín; Sánchez-Rubio, María; Casamayor-Franco, Carmen

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly of the intestinal rotation and fixation, and usually occurs in the neonatal age. Description of a clinical case associated with acute occlusive symptoms. A case of intestinal malrotation is presented in a previously asymptomatic woman of 46 years old with an intestinal obstruction, with radiology and surgical findings showing an absence of intestinal rotation. Intestinal malrotation in adults is often asymptomatic, and is diagnosed as a casual finding during a radiological examination performed for other reasons. Infrequently, it can be diagnosed in adults, associated with an acute abdomen. Copyright © 2016 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Procesos de cambio en organizaciones productivas

OpenAIRE

Laverde Carmona, Myriam Patricia

2008-01-01

El presente estudio de carácter exploratorio, basado en procesos de cambios en organizaciones productivas, involucra cuatro organizaciones altamente significativas de diferentes sectores de Medellín -- Estas Organizaciones han incursionado en procesos de cambio, donde los trabajadores jugaron un papel importante como partícipes del proceso y de las prácticas realizadas, destacando la participación e integración de los diferentes niveles jerárquicos de la organización en la planeación de activ...

Análisis de la seguridad integral en los procesos electorales: Caso proceso electoral 2017 de Ecuador

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Jeffry Badí Quinteros Basantes

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En este documento se muestra un análisis de la seguridad integral del proceso electoral 2017 realizado en la República del Ecuador. Este estudio incluye los enfoques de seguridad que se llevaron a cabo en este proceso: seguridad de la información, seguridad física segmentada en seguridad a procesos electorales y seguridad de la ciudadanía. Se mostrarán los elementos en cada uno de estos ámbitos, su ejecución, los elementos principales y las instituciones de apoyo que colaboraron en la seguridad para poder mantener la paz e institucionalidad del país en el proceso electoral 2017, con el fin de que el Consejo Nacional Electoral pudiera cumplir con el mandato constitucional y respetar la voluntad de los ciudadanos

Regiones de formación de estrellas masivas en las Nubes de Magallanes

Science.gov (United States)

Barbá, R.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Rubio, M.; Walborn, N.

Las Nubes de Magallanes son un laboratorio formidable para el estudio de regiones de formación estelar. A diferencia de lo que sucede en el plano galáctico, ambas galaxias contienen poco polvo que nos afecte la visión directa de dichas regiones. Por otra parte, la menor metalicidad de las Nubes, nos permiten hacer un estudio comparativo de la formación estelar en ambientes de baja metalicidad. El presente trabajo da una revisión de los progresos notables que hemos alcanzado en el conocimiento del contenido estelar de algunas regiones de formación de estrellas masivas en ambas Nubes, en base a la utilización de imágenes del Telescopio Espacial Hubble, Gemini Sur, y Very Large Telescope, entre otros. En especial, nos concentramos en 30 Doradus y N11 en la Nube Mayor, y en NGC 346 en la Nube Menor. Nuevas imágenes de N11 obtenidas en los últimos meses con la Advanced Camera for Surveys del Hubble (óptico), y con Flamingos en Gemini Sur (infrarrojo), nos han permitido descubrir un nuevo `jet' con origen en una fuente infrarroja sumergida en un pilar polvoriento similar al objeto Herbig-Haro de M20 en nuestra galaxia. Este `jet' (junto a otros tres que hemos descubierto en 30 Doradus), es el cuarto ejemplo confirmado de `jet' asociado a una protoestrella fuera de nuestra galaxia. Además, presentamos el descubrimiento del primer objeto estelar joven masivo de la Nube Menor confirmado espectroscópicamente.

El papel de la densidad y la proporción sexual de adultos en la fecundidad de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae en jaulas de cría masiva

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Pilar MEDINA PEREYRA

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La cría de insectos para control biológico aumentativo requiere conocer los factores que afectan la fecundidad para optimizar la producción masiva. En ge - neral, las prácticas empleadas se basan en los resultados de experiencias exitosas. Sin embargo, en muchos casos la verificación de esas prácticas en condiciones dis - tintas a las de su origen carece de soporte cuantitativo publicado y suele pasar por alto la variación derivada del manejo de los operarios (condición estándar. El ob - jetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la fecundidad del barrenador de la caña de azúcar Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, en función del número de adultos y de la proporción sexual (número de hembras / número de adultos en jaulas de cría, en condiciones de producción estándar. En 25 jaulas se registraron número y sexo de las mariposas y número de huevos obtenido. Los resultados mostraron que la fecundidad óptima se obtiene con valores intermedios de densidad y con proporción sexual sesgada a machos. Se sugiere que el control conjunto de densidad y proporción sexual incre - menta la eficiencia en las posturas de huevos. El presente trabajo es el primero en cuantificar ambos factores en condiciones de cría masiva y revela que las prácticas comúnmente extendidas necesitan de estudios de mayor profundidad.

Difusión masiva de información en los modelos de gestión de redes: aplicación a los servicios de alta disponibilidad sobre Internet

OpenAIRE

Marcos Jorquera, Diego

2010-01-01

En la presente tesis se propone un modelo de gestión de redes que incorpora en su definición la gestión y difusión masiva de la información sobre redes no propietarias como Internet. Este modelo viene a solucionar uno de los problemas más comunes para cualquier aplicación, tanto de gestión como de usuario, proporcionando un mecanismo sencillo, intuitivo y normalizado para transferir grandes volúmenes de información, con independencia de su localización o los protocolos de acceso. Algunas de l...

Fertilização biológica: técnicas de vanguarda para o desenvolvimento agrícola sustentável

OpenAIRE

Carvajal Muñoz, Juan Sebastián; Mera Benavides, Adriana Consuelo

2010-01-01

El empleo de fertilizantes biológicos ha crecido ostensiblemente en las últimas dos décadas. Tal utilización masiva surge como resultado de la amplia demanda de materia prima para los procesos productivos y abastecimiento de alimentos en el mundo. Los fertilizantes biológicos actúan como sustitutos de fertilizantes químicos tradicionales, brindan buenos rendimientos en las cosechas, favorecen el crecimiento de frutos sanos, resistentes al ataque de plagas y ofrecen facilidades para su aplicac...

Intestinal Cancer

Science.gov (United States)

... connects your stomach to your large intestine. Intestinal cancer is rare, but eating a high-fat diet ... increase your risk. Possible signs of small intestine cancer include Abdominal pain Weight loss for no reason ...

Procesos matrimoniales y mediación familiar

OpenAIRE

Fernández López, Mercedes

2012-01-01

Presentación de la regulación de los procesos matrimoniales y de las posibilidades de acudir a la mediación familiar como medio para alcanzar acuerdos que eviten el proceso contradictorio. Momentos procesales en los que procede acudir a la mediación familiar.

Intestinal tract diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rozenshtraukh, L.S.

1985-01-01

Roentgenoanatomy and physiology of the small intestine are described. Indications for radiological examinations and their possibilities in the diagnosis of the small intestine diseases are considered.Congenital anomalies and failures in the small intestine development, clinical indications and diagnosis methods for the detection of different aetiology enteritis are described. Characteristics of primary malabsorption due to congenital or acquired inferiority of the small intestine, is provided. Radiological picture of intestinal allergies is described. Clinical, morphological, radiological pictures of Crohn's disease are considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the frequency of primary and secondary tuberculosis of intestinal tract. The description of clinical indications and frequency of benign and malignant tumours of the small intestine, methods for their diagnosis are given. Radiological pictures of parasitogenic and rare diseases of the small intestine are presented. Changes in the small intestine as a result of its reaction to pathological processes, developing in other organs and systems of the organism, are described

La Universidad del Zulia frente al proceso de transformación organizacional. Perspectiva de algunos actores del proceso

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Juliana Ferrer

2002-01-01

Full Text Available La gerencia universitaria de hoy, requiere asumir un proceso de transformación organizacional, que le permita describir un equilibrio entre su identidad institucional y los cambios sustanciales exigidos desde todos sus ámbitos, a fin de mejorar los procesos académicos, cohesionar con éxito las funciones básicas y por ende lograr la calidad académica deseada. Surge como inquietud el presente artículo el cual pretende indagar sobre algunos esfuerzos que la Universidad del Zulia ha adelantado en este sentido, pero sobre todo hacer énfasis en la perspectiva de algunos actores del proceso, representados por el personal docente y de investigación, que para el período 2000-2001 se desempeño como personal directivo Para la recolección de los datos se asumió en primer término la técnica cualitativa del grupo focal, permitiendo así lograr suficiente información para aplicar luego, una muestra probabilística que arrojó un tamaño de 39 unidades con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Se concluye que los gerentes universitarios están conscientes de los problemas de carácter operativo que obstaculizan el proceso de cohesión exitosa de las funciones básicas. Sin embargo, no evidencian conocimiento exhaustivo sobre el desarrollo de procesos gerenciales, para el logro de los cursos de acción enunciados por esos mismos actores. Se recomienda sobre la necesidad de formar una gerencia universitaria sólida, en el compromiso de la labor constante en materia de información y conocimiento, de tal forma que los cambios implantados sean percibidos de manera objetiva, internalizados y compartidos por la comunidad universitaria, en la búsqueda de que ellos se conviertan en piezas del proceso de cambio institucional.

LOS NIVELES DE MICROCONTAMINANTES ORGÁNICOS EXPLICAN UNA MUERTE MASIVA DE PECES EN EL RÍO ATOYAC, PUEBLA, MÉXICO

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Amado E. Navarro

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se reportó una muerte masiva de peces en el río Atoyac, presumiendo como causa el vertido de algún contaminante químico muy tóxico. El análisis de muestras de agua, sedimentos y tejidos, mostró una baja concentración de oxígeno disuelto y elevadas de amonio y de nitritos en el río el día del incidente, probables causas directas de la muerte de los peces. Por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas, no se detectaron contaminantes persistentes pero sí, concentraciones elevadas de microcontaminantes orgánicos antrópicos, lo cual indica un vertido de residuos municipales al cauce de la corriente, causa indirecta de la muerte de los peces. Las concentraciones de coprostanol y epicoprostanol indican la presencia de heces de mamíferos, incluidas las de rumiantes, en el vertido. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la utilidad de determinar las concentraciones de los microcontaminantes orgánicos para esclarecer las causas de estos incidentes.

Participación social en medios de comunicación alternativos y redes sociales: Elementos para la acción gubernamental

OpenAIRE

Londoño Pineda, Abraham Allec; Vélez Rojas, Oscar Alonso|Cardona Cano, Cesar Alonso

2015-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el de conferir elementos para la acción gubernamental, a partir de la información registrada en aquellos centros de noticias online que permiten la participación social en sus procesos informativos y promueven su difusión en redes sociales. Para cumplir este propósito se identifican aquellas noticias que las personas comparten en redes sociales de forma masiva y se analizan los comentarios que estas expresan. Para su abordaje se emplea un estudio de caso aplic...

Intestinal Surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Desrochers, André; Anderson, David E

2016-11-01

A wide variety of disorders affecting the intestinal tract in cattle may require surgery. Among those disorders the more common are: intestinal volvulus, jejunal hemorrhage syndrome and more recently the duodenal sigmoid flexure volvulus. Although general principles of intestinal surgery can be applied, cattle has anatomical and behavior particularities that must be known before invading the abdomen. This article focuses on surgical techniques used to optimize outcomes and discusses specific disorders of small intestine. Diagnoses and surgical techniques presented can be applied in field conditions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modelación matemática del proceso de lixiviación ácida de las colas del proceso Caron

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Lianis de los Ángeles Columbié-Lamorú

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Se modeló matemáticamente la extracción de cobalto a escala de laboratorio mediante lixiviación ácida de colas negras del proceso Caron. La modelación partió de las ecuaciones del balance de materia y energía ajustadas al proceso ensayado, con el fin de tomar decisiones respecto a los parámetros usados para la lixiviación (temperatura, concentración inicial de ácido sulfúrico y concentración del agente reductor, sulfato de hierro II. Como resultado se obtuvo un modelo, formado por ocho ecuaciones, que describe el comportamiento dinámico del proceso de extracción de cobalto, por vía ácida, de colas negras amoniacales; el modelo permite calcular apropiadamente los parámetros de la lixiviación y monitorear la influencia de estos en la extracción de cobalto como indicador de marcha del proceso

Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Intestinal Luminal Metabolome

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumoto, Mitsuharu; Kibe, Ryoko; Ooga, Takushi; Aiba, Yuji; Kurihara, Shin; Sawaki, Emiko; Koga, Yasuhiro; Benno, Yoshimi

2012-01-01

Low–molecular-weight metabolites produced by intestinal microbiota play a direct role in health and disease. In this study, we analyzed the colonic luminal metabolome using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with time-of-flight (CE-TOFMS) —a novel technique for analyzing and differentially displaying metabolic profiles— in order to clarify the metabolite profiles in the intestinal lumen. CE-TOFMS identified 179 metabolites from the colonic luminal metabolome and 48 metabolites were present in significantly higher concentrations and/or incidence in the germ-free (GF) mice than in the Ex-GF mice (p metabolome and a comprehensive understanding of intestinal luminal metabolome is critical for clarifying host-intestinal bacterial interactions. PMID:22724057

Mejora de los procesos cognitivos y discapacidad intelectual

OpenAIRE

Grau Rubio, Claudia

2006-01-01

Se describen las principales dificultades en los procesos cognitivos básicos (percepción, atención, memoria, procesos ejecutivos) y las actividades y programas para mejorarlos. Asimismo, se describen las dificultades de algunos síndromes que cursan discapacidad intelectual.

Small Intestine Disorders

Science.gov (United States)

... disease Crohn's disease Infections Intestinal cancer Intestinal obstruction Irritable bowel syndrome Ulcers, such as peptic ulcer Treatment of disorders of the small intestine depends on the cause.

‘Perdidos’ . La búsqueda consular de paraderos en el estudio de la inmigración española en México en la primera mitad del siglo XX

OpenAIRE

Gil Lázaro, Alicia

2017-01-01

Durante la oleada masiva de desplazamientos a América, los emigrantes españoles perdieron a menudo el contacto con sus familiares y amigos en el lugar de origen. En este artículo se abordan las causas de las desapariciones de personas en los procesos migratorios, los procedimientos de búsqueda que se llevaban a cabo desde los consulados españoles y los resultados de las pesquisas. Tomamos en consideración el caso de los inmigrantes radicados en México y nos hemos apoyado, para ello, en la doc...

Suite de algoritmos de recomendación en aplicaciones reales

OpenAIRE

Marina Pepa, Sofía

2014-01-01

Internet irrumpió en las sociedades modernas como medio de comunicación y soporte a procesos de información y transacciones. El número de usuarios se extendió rápidamente y desde entonces no ha dejado de aumentar. Debido a la cantidad masiva de información que Internet alberga, se vuelve muy complicado para los usuarios encontrar aquello que le interese entre toda la variedad disponible. Este problema motiva el desarrollo y despliegue de sistemas de recomendación, que estudian el perfil de...

The Contributions of Human Mini-Intestines to the Study of Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Huimin; Hasan, Nesrin M; In, Julie G; Estes, Mary K; Kovbasnjuk, Olga; Zachos, Nicholas C; Donowitz, Mark

2017-02-10

The lack of accessibility to normal and diseased human intestine and the inability to separate the different functional compartments of the intestine even when tissue could be obtained have held back the understanding of human intestinal physiology. Clevers and his associates identified intestinal stem cells and established conditions to grow "mini-intestines" ex vivo in differentiated and undifferentiated conditions. This pioneering work has made a new model of the human intestine available and has begun making contributions to the understanding of human intestinal transport in normal physiologic conditions and the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases. However, this model is reductionist and lacks many of the complexities of normal intestine. Consequently, it is not yet possible to predict how great the advances using this model will be for understanding human physiology and pathophysiology, nor how the model will be modified to include multiple other intestinal cell types and physical forces necessary to more closely approximate normal intestine. This review describes recent studies using mini-intestines, which have readdressed previously established models of normal intestinal transport physiology and newly examined intestinal pathophysiology. The emphasis is on studies with human enteroids grown either as three-dimensional spheroids or two-dimensional monolayers. In addition, comments are provided on mouse studies in cases when human studies have not yet been described.

GRÁFICOS DE CONTROL MULTIVARIANTES PARA EL SEGUIMIENTO DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN LITORAL

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Pedro Fuentes Durá

2003-04-01

Full Text Available

La costa este de España sufre periódicamente episodios de proliferación masiva de algas, que provocan graves perjuicios para los sectores turístico y pesquero, e incluso suponen un riesgo sanitario para la población. Este trabajo muestra un método que permite la detección de variaciones significativas en el estado del ecosistema, como cambios en las concentraciones de nutrientes y densidad de fitoplancton. Se expone el uso de gráficos de control estadístico de procesos basados en componentes principales (PC de las variables que se miden regularmente en estas playas. Los PC encontrados facilitan la interpretación de las razones por las que se producen estos episodios. Por otra parte, los gráficos de control propuestos tienen la capacidad de detectar situaciones anómalas que favorecen las proliferaciones masivas, permitiendo un eficaz control medioambiental en estas playas.

El proceso reproductivo: Algunas consideraciones sobre el maternaje

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Ignacio González Labrador

2001-10-01

Full Text Available Se realizaron una serie de consideraciones generales sobre el proceso reproductivo, y como una consecuencia de él se consolida un proceso llamado maternaje, conceptualizándose según criterio del autor, cómo puede influir en la vida sexual de la mujer. Se conceptualiza según las letras que componen la palabra que denomina dicho procesoA series of general considerations on the reproductive process as a result of which the so-called motherhood process is strengthened were presented in this paper. The author conceptualizes the influence of this process on the woman’s sexual life. The conceptualization is based on the letters of the word defining such a process

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

Science.gov (United States)

... Overview of Crohn Disease Additional Content Medical News Intestinal Lymphangiectasia (Idiopathic Hypoproteinemia) By Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD, ... Overview of Malabsorption Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome Celiac Disease Intestinal ... Intolerance Short Bowel Syndrome Tropical Sprue Whipple ...

Debido proceso, sistemas y reforma del proceso penal

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Teresa Armenta Deu

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se propone examinar los modelos de procesos penales de los movimientos de reforma que se establecieron en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, en los países iberoamericanos. Para ello, primero se enfatiza las características históricas de cada sistema, poniendo de relieve la importancia de no confundir el acusatorio con el adversarial, rechazando la coincidencia entre los sistemas actuales y mixto inquisitivo histórico. Apoya la importancia de la igualdad de armas y e del contradictoria en la búsqueda de un equilibrio entre los modelos de procedimiento.

Modelo de Proceso de Conceptualización de Requisitos

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Alejandro Hossian

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El proceso de captura de requisitos constituye un proceso con connotaciones sociales relacionadas con diferentes personas (stakeholders, una circunstancia que hace que se presenten ciertos problemas cuando se lleva adelante la conceptualización de requisitos. En este trabajo se propone un Proceso de Conceptualización de Requisitos que se estructura en dos fases: (a Análisis Orientado a al Problema: cuyo objetivo es comprender el problema dado por el usuario en el dominio en el que este se lleva a cabo, y (b Análisis de Orientado al Producto: cuyo objetivo es obtener las funcionalidades que el usuario espera del producto de software a desarrollar, teniendo en cuenta la relación de estas con la realidad expresada por el usuario en su discurso. Se proponen seis técnicas que articulan cada una de las tareas que componen las fases de proceso propuesto.

Intestinal parasites : associations with intestinal and systemic inflammation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zavala, Gerardo A; García, Olga P; Camacho, Mariela; Ronquillo, Dolores; Campos-Ponce, Maiza; Doak, Colleen; Polman, Katja; Rosado, Jorge L

2018-01-01

AIMS: Evaluate associations between intestinal parasitic infection with intestinal and systemic inflammatory markers in school-aged children with high rates of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of CRP, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured as systemic inflammation markers and

Intestinal Obstruction

Science.gov (United States)

... Colostomy ) is required to relieve an obstruction. Understanding Colostomy In a colostomy, the large intestine (colon) is cut. The part ... 1 What Causes Intestinal Strangulation? Figure 2 Understanding Colostomy Gastrointestinal Emergencies Overview of Gastrointestinal Emergencies Abdominal Abscesses ...

Amebiasis intestinal Intestinal amebiasis

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JULIO CÉSAR GÓMEZ

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Entamoeba histolytica es el patógeno intestinal más frecuente en nuestro medio -después de Giardia lamblia-, una de las principales causas de diarrea en menores de cinco años y la cuarta causa de muerte en el mundo debida a infección por protozoarios. Posee mecanismos patogénicos complejos que le permiten invadir la mucosa intestinal y causar colitis amebiana. El examen microscópico es el método más usado para su identificación pero la existencia de dos especies morfológicamente iguales, una patógena ( E. histolytica y una no patógena ( Entamoeba dispar, ha llevado al desarrollo de otros métodos de diagnóstico. El acceso al agua potable y los servicios sanitarios adecuados, un tratamiento médico oportuno y el desarrollo de una vacuna, son los ejes para disminuir la incidencia y mortalidad de esta entidad.Entamoeba histolytica is the most frequent intestinal pathogen seen in our country, after Giardia lamblia, being one of the main causes of diarrhea in children younger than five years of age, and the fourth leading cause of death due to infection for protozoa in the world. It possesses complex pathogenic mechanisms that allow it to invade the intestinal mucosa, causing amoebic colitis. Microscopy is the most used method for its identification, but the existence of two species morphologically identical, the pathogen one ( E. histolytica, and the non pathogen one ( E. dispar, have taken to the development of other methods of diagnosis. The access to drinkable water and appropriate sanitary services, an opportune medical treatment, and the development of a vaccine are the axes to diminish the incidence and mortality of this entity.

Intestinal Leiomyositis: A Cause of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction in 6 Dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Zacuto, A C; Pesavento, P A; Hill, S; McAlister, A; Rosenthal, K; Cherbinsky, O; Marks, S L

2016-01-01

Intestinal leiomyositis is a suspected autoimmune disorder affecting the muscularis propria layer of the gastrointestinal tract and is a cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in humans and animals. To characterize the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and outcome of dogs with intestinal leiomyositis in an effort to optimize treatment and prognosis. Six client-owned dogs. Retrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed to describe signalment, clinicopathologic and imaging findings, histopathologic diagnoses, treatment, and outcome. All biopsy specimens were reviewed by a board-certified pathologist. Median age of dogs was 5.4 years (range, 15 months-9 years). Consistent clinical signs included vomiting (6/6), regurgitation (2/6), and small bowel diarrhea (3/6). Median duration of clinical signs before presentation was 13 days (range, 5-150 days). Diagnostic imaging showed marked gastric distension with dilated small intestines in 4/6 dogs. Full-thickness intestinal biopsies were obtained in all dogs by laparotomy. Histopathology of the stomach and intestines disclosed mononuclear inflammation, myofiber degeneration and necrosis, and fibrosis centered within the region of myofiber loss in the intestinal muscularis propria. All dogs received various combinations of immunomodulatory and prokinetic treatment, antimicrobial agents, antiemetics, and IV fluids, but none of the dogs showed a clinically relevant improvement with treatment. Median survival was 19 days after diagnosis (range, 3-270 days). Intestinal leiomyositis is a cause of intestinal pseudo-obstruction and must be diagnosed by full-thickness intestinal biopsy. This disease should be considered in dogs with acute and chronic vomiting, regurgitation, and small bowel diarrhea. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Proceso de pruebas para pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de software

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Martha Lucía Rojas-Montes

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Definir un proceso de pruebas dentro de una organización puede ser valioso en la medida en que permita: (i incrementar la calidad del producto, (ii facilitar la comunicación y la comprensión entre los miembros del equipo, (iii apoyar la mejora continua del proceso, y (iv soportar la ejecución automática de ciertas tareas. En este sentido, este artículo propone un proceso liviano definido para guiar y apoyar la realización de las pruebas en pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de software. El proceso propuesto incorpora técnicas de pruebas funcionales con el objetivo de concretar las actividades requeridas para evaluar la funcionalidad de un producto software de manera organizada y sistemática, especialmente aquellas que tienen que ver con el diseño y ejecución de las pruebas. Este proceso ha sido definido a partir del análisis de los procesos de pruebas existentes en algunos modelos de referencia y en diferentes estudios revisados de la literatura. Tras su ejecución exitosa en una pequeña empresa de desarrollo software, se ha observado que este proceso puede ser útil y práctico para llevar a cabo las pruebas de un producto software por organizaciones de este tipo.

The intestinal complement system in inflammatory bowel disease: Shaping intestinal barrier function.

Science.gov (United States)

Sina, Christian; Kemper, Claudia; Derer, Stefanie

2018-06-01

The complement system is part of innate sensor and effector systems such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). It recognizes and quickly systemically and/or locally respond to microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with a tailored defense reaction. MAMP recognition by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and appropriate immune responses are of major importance for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Enterocytes highly express various complement components that are suggested to be pivotal for proper IEC function. Appropriate activation of the intestinal complement system seems to play an important role in the resolution of chronic intestinal inflammation, while over-activation and/or dysregulation may worsen intestinal inflammation. Mice deficient for single complement components suffer from enhanced intestinal inflammation mimicking the phenotype of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms leading to complement expression in IECs seem to differ markedly between UC and CD patients. Hence, how IECs, intestinal bacteria and epithelial cell expressed complement components interact in the course of IBD still remains to be mostly elucidated to define potential unique patterns contributing to the distinct subtypes of intestinal inflammation observed in CD and UC. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Combinación de procesos de oxidación avanzada y procesos anaerobios para tratamiento de aguas residuales hospitalarias

OpenAIRE

, Carlos; Chaparro, Tatiana

2014-01-01

Las aguas residuales hospitalarias son una de las principalesfuentes de contaminantes emergentes (e.g. antibióticos,antiepilépticos, hormonas). Debido a la baja eficiencia de los procesos convencionales usados en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales, para eliminar la materia orgánica de este origen, combinar procesos de oxidación avanzada con tratamientos biológicos, surge como una alternativa para reducir el impacto en en el ambiente de estas aguas residuales. Con base ...

[Treatment of children with intestinal failure: intestinal rehabilitation, home parenteral nutrition or small intestine transplantation?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neelis, E.G.; Oers, H.A. van; Escher, J.C.; Damen, G.M.; Rings, E.H.; Tabbers, M.M.

2014-01-01

Intestinal failure is characterised by inadequate absorption of food or fluids, which is caused by insufficient bowel surface area or functioning. Children with chronic intestinal failure are dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN), which can be provided at home (HPN). In the Netherlands, HPN for

ENFERMEDAD PSICOGÉNICA MASIVA DESPUÉS DE UNA CAMPAÑA DE VACUNACIÓN EPISODIOS ANTERIORES Y APROXIMACIÓN AL CASO COLOMBIANO

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Alfredo Jácome Roca

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Al revisar en la base de datos PubMed los términos “enfermedad psicogénica masiva” y “vacunación”, solo aparecen ocho referencias. Curiosamente todos esos casos asociados con vacunación masiva –con excepción de un brote acaecido en España con hepatitis B - se presentaron en países orientales como China y Taiwan y el virus de influenza AH1N1, Irán después de toxoide tetánico, Vietnam con vacuna oral de cólera y Jordania con un toxoide diftérico-tetánico. No se refiere la literatura a casos asociados a vacunación contra el VPH. Si se solo se investiga el término “enfermedad psicogénica masiva”, las referencias ascienden a 78, ya que estos fenómenos han venido siendo informados desde 1374, refiriéndose a bailes compulsivamente contagiosos o a risa contagiosa, y se asocian con situaciones reales o hasta cierto punto imaginarias que pueden crear pánico en una comunidad.

The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility in mice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogawa, Eiichi [Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University (Japan); Hosokawa, Masaya [Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University (Japan); Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Osaka (Japan); Harada, Norio; Yamane, Shunsuke; Hamasaki, Akihiro; Toyoda, Kentaro; Fujimoto, Shimpei; Fujita, Yoshihito; Fukuda, Kazuhito [Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University (Japan); Tsukiyama, Katsushi; Yamada, Yuichiro [Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University (Japan); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita (Japan); Seino, Yutaka [Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University (Japan); Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka (Japan); Inagaki, Nobuya, E-mail: inagaki@metab.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp [Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University (Japan); CREST of Japan Science and Technology Cooperation (JST), Kyoto (Japan)

2011-01-07

Research highlights: {yields} Exogenous GIP inhibits intestinal motility through a somatostatin-mediated pathway. {yields} Exogenous GIP inhibits intestinal glucose absorption by reducing intestinal motility. {yields} The GIP-receptor-mediated action in intestine does not involve in GLP-1-mediated pathway. -- Abstract: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released from the small intestine upon meal ingestion and increases insulin secretion from pancreatic {beta} cells. Although the GIP receptor is known to be expressed in small intestine, the effects of GIP in small intestine are not fully understood. This study was designed to clarify the effect of GIP on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility. Intestinal glucose absorption in vivo was measured by single-pass perfusion method. Incorporation of [{sup 14}C]-glucose into everted jejunal rings in vitro was used to evaluate the effect of GIP on sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT). Motility of small intestine was measured by intestinal transit after oral administration of a non-absorbed marker. Intraperitoneal administration of GIP inhibited glucose absorption in wild-type mice in a concentration-dependent manner, showing maximum decrease at the dosage of 50 nmol/kg body weight. In glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-deficient mice, GIP inhibited glucose absorption as in wild-type mice. In vitro examination of [{sup 14}C]-glucose uptake revealed that 100 nM GIP did not change SGLT-dependent glucose uptake in wild-type mice. After intraperitoneal administration of GIP (50 nmol/kg body weight), small intestinal transit was inhibited to 40% in both wild-type and GLP-1 receptor-deficient mice. Furthermore, a somatostatin receptor antagonist, cyclosomatostatin, reduced the inhibitory effect of GIP on both intestinal transit and glucose absorption in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that exogenous GIP inhibits intestinal glucose absorption by reducing intestinal motility through a somatostatin

The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ogawa, Eiichi; Hosokawa, Masaya; Harada, Norio; Yamane, Shunsuke; Hamasaki, Akihiro; Toyoda, Kentaro; Fujimoto, Shimpei; Fujita, Yoshihito; Fukuda, Kazuhito; Tsukiyama, Katsushi; Yamada, Yuichiro; Seino, Yutaka; Inagaki, Nobuya

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Exogenous GIP inhibits intestinal motility through a somatostatin-mediated pathway. → Exogenous GIP inhibits intestinal glucose absorption by reducing intestinal motility. → The GIP-receptor-mediated action in intestine does not involve in GLP-1-mediated pathway. -- Abstract: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released from the small intestine upon meal ingestion and increases insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. Although the GIP receptor is known to be expressed in small intestine, the effects of GIP in small intestine are not fully understood. This study was designed to clarify the effect of GIP on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility. Intestinal glucose absorption in vivo was measured by single-pass perfusion method. Incorporation of [ 14 C]-glucose into everted jejunal rings in vitro was used to evaluate the effect of GIP on sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT). Motility of small intestine was measured by intestinal transit after oral administration of a non-absorbed marker. Intraperitoneal administration of GIP inhibited glucose absorption in wild-type mice in a concentration-dependent manner, showing maximum decrease at the dosage of 50 nmol/kg body weight. In glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-deficient mice, GIP inhibited glucose absorption as in wild-type mice. In vitro examination of [ 14 C]-glucose uptake revealed that 100 nM GIP did not change SGLT-dependent glucose uptake in wild-type mice. After intraperitoneal administration of GIP (50 nmol/kg body weight), small intestinal transit was inhibited to 40% in both wild-type and GLP-1 receptor-deficient mice. Furthermore, a somatostatin receptor antagonist, cyclosomatostatin, reduced the inhibitory effect of GIP on both intestinal transit and glucose absorption in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that exogenous GIP inhibits intestinal glucose absorption by reducing intestinal motility through a somatostatin-mediated pathway rather

Intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts support in vitro and in vivo growth of human small intestinal epithelium.

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Nicholas Lahar

Full Text Available The intestinal crypt-niche interaction is thought to be essential to the function, maintenance, and proliferation of progenitor stem cells found at the bases of intestinal crypts. These stem cells are constantly renewing the intestinal epithelium by sending differentiated cells from the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn to the villus tips where they slough off into the intestinal lumen. The intestinal niche consists of various cell types, extracellular matrix, and growth factors and surrounds the intestinal progenitor cells. There have recently been advances in the understanding of the interactions that regulate the behavior of the intestinal epithelium and there is great interest in methods for isolating and expanding viable intestinal epithelium. However, there is no method to maintain primary human small intestinal epithelium in culture over a prolonged period of time. Similarly no method has been published that describes isolation and support of human intestinal epithelium in an in vivo model. We describe a technique to isolate and maintain human small intestinal epithelium in vitro from surgical specimens. We also describe a novel method to maintain human intestinal epithelium subcutaneously in a mouse model for a prolonged period of time. Our methods require various growth factors and the intimate interaction between intestinal sub-epithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs and the intestinal epithelial cells to support the epithelial in vitro and in vivo growth. Absence of these myofibroblasts precluded successful maintenance of epithelial cell formation and proliferation beyond just a few days, even in the presence of supportive growth factors. We believe that the methods described here can be used to explore the molecular basis of human intestinal stem cell support, maintenance, and growth.

Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability are elevated in Parkinson's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Schwiertz, Andreas; Spiegel, Jörg; Dillmann, Ulrich; Grundmann, David; Bürmann, Jan; Faßbender, Klaus; Schäfer, Karl-Herbert; Unger, Marcus M

2018-02-12

Intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (both possibly fueled by dysbiosis) have been suggested to be implicated in the multifactorial pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the current study was to investigate whether fecal markers of inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function corroborate this pathogenic aspect of PD. In a case-control study, we quantitatively analyzed established fecal markers of intestinal inflammation (calprotectin and lactoferrin) and fecal markers of intestinal permeability (alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin) in PD patients (n = 34) and controls (n = 28, group-matched for age) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study design controlled for potential confounding factors. Calprotectin, a fecal marker of intestinal inflammation, and two fecal markers of increased intestinal permeability (alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin) were significantly elevated in PD patients compared to age-matched controls. Lactoferrin, as a second fecal marker of intestinal inflammation, showed a non-significant trend towards elevated concentrations in PD patients. None of the four fecal markers correlated with disease severity, PD subtype, dopaminergic therapy, or presence of constipation. Fecal markers reflecting intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability have been primarily investigated in inflammatory bowel disease so far. Our data indicate that calprotectin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin could be useful non-invasive markers in PD as well. Even though these markers are not disease-specific, they corroborate the hypothesis of an intestinal inflammation as contributing factor in the pathogenesis of PD. Further investigations are needed to determine whether calprotectin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin can be used to define PD subgroups and to monitor the effect of interventions in PD. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and its probiotic profile

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Eugenia Elefterios Venizelos Bezirtzoglou

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Cytochromes P450 (CYPs enzymes metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. In this vein, a plethora of studies were conducted to investigate their role, as cytochromes are located in both liver and intestinal tissues. The P450 profile of the human intestine has not been fully characterized. Human intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for nutrients, although it has also the ability to metabolize drugs. CYPs are responsible for the majority of phase I drug metabolism reactions. CYP3A represents the major intestinal CYP (80% followed by CYP2C9. CYP1A is expressed at high level in the duodenum, together with less abundant levels of CYP2C8-10 and CYP2D6. Cytochromes present a genetic polymorphism intra- or interindividual and intra- or interethnic. Changes in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug are associated with increased toxicity due to reduced metabolism, altered efficacy of the drug, increased production of toxic metabolites, and adverse drug interaction. The high metabolic capacity of the intestinal flora is due to its enormous pool of enzymes, which catalyzes reactions in phase I and phase II drug metabolism. Compromised intestinal barrier conditions, when rupture of the intestinal integrity occurs, could increase passive paracellular absorption. It is clear that high microbial intestinal charge following intestinal disturbances, ageing, environment, or food-associated ailments leads to the microbial metabolism of a drug before absorption. The effect of certain bacteria having a benefic action on the intestinal ecosystem has been largely discussed during the past few years by many authors. The aim of the probiotic approach is to repair the deficiencies in the gut flora and establish a protective effect. There is a tentative multifactorial association of the CYP (P450 cytochrome role in the different diseases states, environmental toxic effects or chemical exposures and nutritional status.

[Myosin B ATPase activity of the intestinal smooth muscle in intestinal obstruction].

Science.gov (United States)

Takamatsu, H

1983-06-01

Intestinal smooth myosin B was prepared from muscle layers around the lesion in dogs with experimental colonic stenosis and in patients with congenital intestinal obstruction. Mg2+-ATPase activity of the myosin B was compared between the proximal dilated segment and distal segment to obstruction. Experimental colonic stenosis: In early period after surgery, proximal colons showed higher activity of myosin B ATPase than distal colons, decreasing to less than distal colon as time passed. Congenital intestinal obstruction: In three cases, whose atresia might have occurred at earlier period of gestation, proximal bowels showed less activity of myosin B ATPase than distal bowels. However, in two cases, whose atresia might have occurred at later period of gestation, and two cases with intestinal stenosis, proximal bowels indicated higher activity of myosin B ATPase than distal bowels. These data suggested that the contractibility of the proximal intestine was depending on the duration of obstruction, and it was depressed in the former patients and was accelerated in the latter patients. These results suggested that the extensive resection of dilated proximal bowel in the congenital atresia is not always necessary to obtain good postoperative intestinal dynamics at the operation of the atresial lesions which may be induced at later period of gestation. They also suggested that surgery for intestinal obstruction should be performed before the depression of intestinal contractibility to get good bowel function.

[Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia].

Science.gov (United States)

Popović, Dugan D j; Spuran, Milan; Alempijević, Tamara; Krstić, Miodrag; Djuranović, Srdjan; Kovacević, Nada; Damnjanović, Svetozar; Micev, Marjan

2011-03-01

Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease which leads to protein losing enteropathy. Tortuous, dilated lymphatic vessels in the intestinal wall and mesenterium are typical features of the disease. Clinical manifestations include malabsorption, diarrhea, steatorrhea, edema and effusions. Specific diet and medication are required for disease control. A 19-year old male patient was hospitalized due to diarrhea, abdominal swelling, weariness and fatigue. Physical examination revealed growth impairment, ascites, and lymphedema of the right hand and forearm. Laboratory assessment indicated iron deficiency anaemia, lymphopenia, malabsorption, inflammatory syndrome, and urinary infection. Enteroscopy and video capsule endoscopy demonstrated dilated lymphatic vessels in the small intestine. The diagnosis was confirmed by intestinal biopsy. The patient was put on high-protein diet containing medium-chain fatty acids, somatotropin and supportive therapy. Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease, usually diagnosed in childhood. Early recognition of the disease and adequate treatment can prevent development of various complications.

Autophagy and tight junction proteins in the intestine and intestinal diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chien-An A. Hu

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The intestinal epithelium (IE forms an indispensible barrier and interface between the intestinal interstitium and the luminal environment. The IE regulates water, ion and nutrient transport while providing a barrier against toxins, pathogens (bacteria, fungi and virus and antigens. The apical intercellular tight junctions (TJ are responsible for the paracellular barrier function and regulate trans-epithelial flux of ions and solutes between adjacent cells. Increased intestinal permeability caused by defects in the IE TJ barrier is considered an important pathogenic factor for the development of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea and malnutrition in humans and animals. In fact, defects in the IE TJ barrier allow increased antigenic penetration, resulting in an amplified inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, necrotizing enterocolitis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conversely, the beneficial enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier has been shown to resolve intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in both animal models of IBD and human IBD. Autophagy (self-eating mechanism is an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathway essential for cell survival and homeostasis. Dysregulated autophagy has been shown to be directly associated with many pathological processes, including IBD. Importantly, the crosstalk between IE TJ and autophagy has been revealed recently. We showed that autophagy enhanced IE TJ barrier function by increasing transepithelial resistance and reducing the paracellular permeability of small solutes and ions, which is, in part, by targeting claudin-2, a cation-selective, pore-forming, transmembrane TJ protein, for lysosome (autophagy-mediated degradation. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that the inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with active IBD has increased claudin-2 expression. In addition, inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PROCESOS DE NEGOCIO

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Anaisa Hernández González

2005-06-01

Full Text Available

Para poder identificar correctamente cuáles son los requerimientos de un proyecto, es necesario conocer las características del negocio en el que se inserta. En el proceso de desarrollo del software la modelación del negocio adquiere mayor importancia por el impacto que tiene la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías. Este trabajo describe algunas reglas que ayudan a identificar procesos de negocio. El punto de partida es la propuesta de RUP y se incluyen recomendaciones y ejemplos derivados de su aplicación en diferentes entornos.

Un framework para el despliegue y evaluación de procesos software

OpenAIRE

Ruiz-Rube, Iván

2014-01-01

La Ingeniería de Procesos Software promueve la producción sistemática de software mediante el seguimiento de una serie de procesos bien definidos. Una gestión integral de dichos procesos implica el desarrollo de una serie de actividades como son el diseño de los modelos de procesos, la verificación, la validación, el despliegue y la posterior evaluación. El consorcio OMG publicó el estándar Software Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM), un lenguaje destinado a facilitar y potenciar el entendi...

Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Popović Dušan Đ.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease which leads to protein losing enteropathy. Tortous, dilated lymphatic vessels in the intestinal wall and mesenterium are typical features of the disease. Clinical manifestations include malabsorption, diarrhea, steatorrhea, edema and effusions. Specific diet and medication are required for disease control. Case report. A 19-year old male patient was hospitalized due to diarrhea, abdominal swelling, weariness and fatigue. Physical examination revealed growth impairment, ascites, and lymphedema of the right hand and forearm. Laboratory assessment indicated iron deficiency anaemia, lymphopenia, malabsorption, inflammatory syndrome, and urinary infection. Enteroscopy and video capsule endoscopy demonstrated dilated lymphatic vessels in the small intestine. The diagnosis was confirmed by intestinal biopsy. The patient was put on high-protein diet containing medium-chain fatty acids, somatotropin and suportive therapy. Conclusion. Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease, usually diagnosed in childhood. Early recognition of the disease and adequate treatment can prevent development of various complications.

Intestine transplantation

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Tadeja Pintar

2011-02-01

Conclusion: Intestine transplantation is reserved for patients with irreversible intestinal failure due to short gut syndrome requiring total paranteral nutrition with no possibility of discontinuation and loss of venous access for patient maintenance. In these patients complications of underlying disease and long-term total parenteral nutrition are present.

Modelo de aseguramiento de la calidad en el proceso de desarrollo de software basado en los modelos de madurez de capacidades (CMMi), proceso de software para equipos (TSP) y personas (PSP)

OpenAIRE

Espejo Chavarría, Alex José

2016-01-01

Genera e implementa un modelo de aseguramiento de la calidad en el proceso de desarrollo de software con un enfoque orientado al factor humano; factor que es responsable de introducir y gestionar la calidad en el proceso de desarrollo de software. El modelo propuesto se basa en tres modelos “Modelos de Madurez de Capacidades Integrado, Proceso de Software para Equipos y Proceso de Software para Personas. Tesis

Formación Continuada: El proceso cognitivo y el aprendizaje profesional

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María Nolla Domenjó

Full Text Available La investigación en educación médica realizada durante las últimas décadas ha contribuido a poder comprender mejor el proceso de aprendizaje.Los docentes deberían conocer los resultados de estos estudios para poder adecuar los programas de formación a la evidencia disponible.En este artículo se pretende hacer un repaso del estado de la cuestión referente al desarrollo profesional de los médicos. Se considera que el proceso de aprendizaje es un proceso constructivista, autodirigido, colaborativo y contextual. Además de los principios del aprendizaje, se trata el proceso de razonamiento clínico y la importancia de la práctica reflexiva durante toda la vida profesional.

en los procesos de investigación

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José Arias Ordóñez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta, inicialmente, dos enfoques de la gestión del conocimiento; posteriormente, muestra el desarrollo y la transformación de los procesos de creación de conocimiento y cómo con la apropiación y aplicación de teorías de gestión administrativa, la gestión del conocimiento se convierte en un intangible clave para las organizaciones; finalmente, se discuten algunos aspectos de la aplicación de un modelo de gestión del conocimiento en procesos de investigación.

«Proceso de la literatura» peruana

OpenAIRE

Rovira Soler, José Carlos

2009-01-01

José Carlos Mariátegui revisa y actualiza en 1928 la mirada sobre la literatura peruana en un texto, «Proceso de la literatura», el último de los 7 ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, a través del cual se conforma una nueva visión del complejo proceso de formación de la literatura nacional. La reflexión de Mariátegui resulta un hito imprescindible en el debate cultural de principios de siglo XX sobre la identidad peruana y una respuesta fundamental a las controversias suscitadas...

Intestinal Microbiota Influences Non-intestinal Related Autoimmune Diseases

Science.gov (United States)

Opazo, Maria C.; Ortega-Rocha, Elizabeth M.; Coronado-Arrázola, Irenice; Bonifaz, Laura C.; Boudin, Helene; Neunlist, Michel; Bueno, Susan M.; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Riedel, Claudia A.

2018-01-01

The human body is colonized by millions of microorganisms named microbiota that interact with our tissues in a cooperative and non-pathogenic manner. These microorganisms are present in the skin, gut, nasal, oral cavities, and genital tract. In fact, it has been described that the microbiota contributes to balancing the immune system to maintain host homeostasis. The gut is a vital organ where microbiota can influence and determine the function of cells of the immune system and contributes to preserve the wellbeing of the individual. Several articles have emphasized the connection between intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease with dysbiosis or an imbalance in the microbiota composition in the gut. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in autoimmune pathologies affecting other tissues than the intestine. This article focuses on what is known about the role that gut microbiota can play in the pathogenesis of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Grave's diseases, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we discuss as to how metabolites derived from bacteria could be used as potential therapies for non-intestinal autoimmune diseases. PMID:29593681

Intestinal Microbiota Influences Non-intestinal Related Autoimmune Diseases

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Maria C. Opazo

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The human body is colonized by millions of microorganisms named microbiota that interact with our tissues in a cooperative and non-pathogenic manner. These microorganisms are present in the skin, gut, nasal, oral cavities, and genital tract. In fact, it has been described that the microbiota contributes to balancing the immune system to maintain host homeostasis. The gut is a vital organ where microbiota can influence and determine the function of cells of the immune system and contributes to preserve the wellbeing of the individual. Several articles have emphasized the connection between intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease with dysbiosis or an imbalance in the microbiota composition in the gut. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in autoimmune pathologies affecting other tissues than the intestine. This article focuses on what is known about the role that gut microbiota can play in the pathogenesis of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Grave's diseases, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we discuss as to how metabolites derived from bacteria could be used as potential therapies for non-intestinal autoimmune diseases.

Intestinal Permeability: The Basics

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Ingvar Bjarnason

1995-01-01

Full Text Available The authors review some of the more fundamental principles underlying the noninvasive assessment of intestinal permeability in humans, the choice of test markers and their analyses, and the practical aspects of test dose composition and how these can be changed to allow the specific assessment of regional permeability changes and other intestinal functions. The implications of increased intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of human disease is discussed in relation to findings in patients with Crohn’s disease. A common feature of increased intestinal permeability is the development of a low grade enteropathy, and while quantitatively similar changes may be found in Crohn’s disease these seem to predict relapse of disease. Moreover, factors associated with relapse of Crohn’s disease have in common an action to increase intestinal permeability. While increased intestinal permeability does not seem to be important in the etiology of Crohn’s disease it may be a central mechanism in the clinical relapse of disease.

Intestinal Microbiota Signatures Associated With Histological Liver Steatosis in Pediatric-Onset Intestinal Failure

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Korpela, K.; Mutanen, A.; Salonen, A.; Savilahti, E.; Vos, de W.M.; Pakarinen, M.P.

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Intestinal failure (IF)-associated liver disease (IFALD) is the major cause of mortality in IF. The link between intestinal microbiota and IFALD is unclear. METHODS: We compared intestinal microbiota of patients with IF (n = 23) with healthy controls (n = 58) using culture-independent

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury augments intestinal mucosal injury and bacterial translocation in jaundiced rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Yüksek, Yunus Nadi; Kologlu, Murat; Daglar, Gül; Doganay, Mutlu; Dolapci, Istar; Bilgihan, Ayse; Dolapçi, Mete; Kama, Nuri Aydin

2004-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate local effects and degree of bacterial translocation related with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat obstructive jaundice model. Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided into three groups; including Group 1 (jaundice group), Group 2 (jaundice-ischemia group) and Group 3 (ischemia group). All rats had 2 laparotomies. After experimental interventions, tissue samples for translocation; liver and ileum samples for histopathological examination, 25 cm of small intestine for mucosal myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels and blood samples for biochemical analysis were obtained. Jaundiced rats had increased liver enzyme levels and total and direct bilirubin levels (p<0.05). Intestinal mucosal myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels were found to be high in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion groups (p<0.05). Intestinal mucosal damage was more severe in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion after bile duct ligation (p<0.05). Degree of bacterial translocation was also found to be significantly high in these rats (p<0.05). Intestinal mucosa is disturbed more severely in obstructive jaundice with the development of ischemia and reperfusion. Development of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in obstructive jaundice increases bacterial translocation.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia in children

Science.gov (United States)

Isa, Hasan M.; Al-Arayedh, Ghadeer G.; Mohamed, Afaf M.

2016-01-01

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare disease characterized by dilatation of intestinal lymphatics. It can be classified as primary or secondary according to the underlying etiology. The clinical presentations of IL are pitting edema, chylous ascites, pleural effusion, acute appendicitis, diarrhea, lymphocytopenia, malabsorption, and intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis is made by intestinal endoscopy and biopsies. Dietary modification is the mainstay in the management of IL with a variable response. Here we report 2 patients with IL in Bahrain who showed positive response to dietary modification. PMID:26837404

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Science.gov (United States)

... Staying in bed for long periods of time (bedridden). Taking drugs that slow intestinal movements. These include ... be tried: Colonoscopy may be used to remove air from the large intestine. Fluids can be given ...

Modelo Gestión Documental para optimizar procesos en la ESPOCH

OpenAIRE

Reina Haro, Diego Marcelo

2012-01-01

Se presenta la propuesta de “Modelo de Gestión Documental para optimizar procesos en la ESPOCH”, con la visión de optimizar recursos en el proceso de remuneraciones de la institución. Los empleados, trabajadores, beneficiarios y encargados de producir, manipular y consultar este tipo de documentación obtendrán los conocimientos necesarios en cuanto a gestión documental y los procesos archivísticos para determinar el contenido de documentos, oficios, roles , etc. y mantenerlos organizados. Se ...

Intestinal Leiomyositis: A Cause of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo?Obstruction in 6 Dogs

OpenAIRE

Zacuto, A.C.; Pesavento, P.A.; Hill, S.; McAlister, A.; Rosenthal, K.; Cherbinsky, O.; Marks, S.L.

2015-01-01

Background Intestinal leiomyositis is a suspected autoimmune disorder affecting the muscularis propria layer of the gastrointestinal tract and is a cause of chronic intestinal pseudo?obstruction in humans and animals. Objective To characterize the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and outcome of dogs with intestinal leiomyositis in an effort to optimize treatment and prognosis. Animals Six client?owned dogs. Methods Retrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed to de...

El proceso de requisitos en el desarrollo de open source software

OpenAIRE

Muruzábal Ishigetani, Olympia

2014-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es determinar si las actividades que se llevan a cabo en el proceso de requisitos en comunidades OSS, a diferencia del proceso de requisitos de la Ingeniería del Software tradicional, es una de las claves del éxito del software de código abierto. El proceso de requisitos forma parte de la etapa inicial de un proyecto y es imprescindible puesto que define las funcionalidades del software a desarrollar y da soporte a la adaptación y evolución del proy...

El carácter privado del proceso de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad

OpenAIRE

Bronfman, Alan

2011-01-01

El proceso de inaplicabilidad debe su estructura al modelo tradicional de litigación privada. En su seno acoge el trámite de un recurso que también nace de un litigio construido siguiendo el modelo de proceso privado. En este artículo se examinan algunas de las dificultades que surgen del uso de este modelo en un proceso de control concreto de constitucionalidad que contienes intereses y objetivos que se distancian de la litigación privada. The structure of the non-applicability process is...

Diffused and sustained inhibitory effects of intestinal electrical stimulation on intestinal motility mediated via sympathetic pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Xiaotuan; Yin, Jieyun; Wang, Lijie; Chen, Jiande D Z

2014-06-01

The aims were to investigate the energy-dose response effect of intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) on small bowel motility, to compare the effect of forward and backward IES, and to explore the possibility of using intermittent IES and mechanism of IES on intestinal motility. Five dogs implanted with a duodenal cannula and one pair of intestinal serosal electrodes were studied in five sessions: 1) energy-dose response study; 2) forward IES; 3) backward IES; 4) intermittent IES vs. continuous IES; 5) administration of guanethidine. The contractile activity and tonic pressure of the small intestine were recorded. The duration of sustained effect after turning off IES was manually calculated. 1) IES with long pulse energy dose dependently inhibited contractile activity and tonic pressure of the small intestine (p intestine depended on the energy of IES delivered (p intestine. 5) Guanethidine blocked the inhibitory effect of IES on intestinal motility. IES with long pulses inhibits small intestinal motility; the effect is energy-dose dependent, diffused, and sustained. Intermittent IES has the same efficacy as the continuous IES in inhibiting small intestinal motility. Forward and backward IES have similar inhibitory effects on small bowel motility. This IES-induced inhibitory effect is mediated via the sympathetic pathway. © 2013 International Neuromodulation Society.

El debido proceso como derecho fundamental de los estudiantes universitarios en los procesos sancionatorios adelantados por las universidades: un análisis a partir de la jurisprudencia de la corte constitucional colombiana

OpenAIRE

Ana Patricia Pabón Mantilla; Silvia Juliana Pradilla Rivera; Cesar Javier Valencia Caballero

2008-01-01

Se presenta un análisis realizado con base en los pronunciamientos emanados de la Corte Constitucional en lo que se refiere a los procesos disciplinarios adelantados por las universidades a estudiantes. Se contemplan aspectos como la autonomía universitaria, el debido proceso, el derecho a la educación. Se busca identificar los elementos mínimos que deben contener los procesos disciplinarios para que se ajusten al respeto del derecho al debido proceso y al derecho a...

Calidad superficial en el prototipado rápido, proceso fdm

OpenAIRE

Vargas Henríquez, Lisandro; Córdoba Nieto, Ernesto

2010-01-01

Este artículo es una síntesis de la tesis de maestría en el Posgrado de Materiales y Procesos de Manufactura, del Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica. El paper muestra la interacción de los parámetros del proceso, distancia de la deposición (Gap) y la velocidad del cabezal de extrusión, para la máquina Titán SH-1 de prototipado rápido, proceso de modelado por deposición fundida de material (FDM), del CEIF (Centro de tensión de los prototipos y la caracterización del material. El...

Propuesta de un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para la asignatura Diseño de Software como proceso de software

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Lund, María Inés

2014-04-01

Full Text Available La cátedra Diseño de Software se dicta actualmente en 4º año de las carreras del Departamento de Informática de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFN de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ. Esta materia se enfoca principalmente al Diseño Orientado a Objetos (DOO, brindando conceptos y conocimientos desarrollados en forma teórica y con un fuerte componente práctico, de todos los diagramas de modelado de software que provee el Lenguaje de Modelado Unificado (UML, con el fin de comprender acabadamente el objetivo que se persigue con cada uno de ellos y en qué casos es conveniente o útil aplicarlos. El presente trabajo se sustenta de la experiencia adquirida en la práctica aplicada para la enseñanza de DOO, utilizando UML para el modelado, donde las actividades prácticas abarcan desde el análisis hasta llegar a una propuesta de diseño de implementación. Se presenta un modelo de proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, como proceso de software, y los artefactos utilizados para guiar al alumno en la resolución de un problema de desarrollo de software específico, utilizando para su especificación el lenguaje de metamodelado de procesos SPEM 2.0 y para generar el modelado del proceso de software la herramienta Eclipse Process Framework Composer (EPFC.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia in adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Freeman, Hugh James; Nimmo, Michael

2011-02-15

Intestinal lymphangiectasia in the adult may be characterized as a disorder with dilated intestinal lacteals causing loss of lymph into the lumen of the small intestine and resultant hypoproteinemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia and reduced number of circulating lymphocytes or lymphopenia. Most often, intestinal lymphangiectasia has been recorded in children, often in neonates, usually with other congenital abnormalities but initial definition in adults including the elderly has become increasingly more common. Shared clinical features with the pediatric population such as bilateral lower limb edema, sometimes with lymphedema, pleural effusion and chylous ascites may occur but these reflect the severe end of the clinical spectrum. In some, diarrhea occurs with steatorrhea along with increased fecal loss of protein, reflected in increased fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin levels, while others may present with iron deficiency anemia, sometimes associated with occult small intestinal bleeding. Most lymphangiectasia in adults detected in recent years, however, appears to have few or no clinical features of malabsorption. Diagnosis remains dependent on endoscopic changes confirmed by small bowel biopsy showing histological evidence of intestinal lymphangiectasia. In some, video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy have revealed more extensive changes along the length of the small intestine. A critical diagnostic element in adults with lymphangiectasia is the exclusion of entities (e.g. malignancies including lymphoma) that might lead to obstruction of the lymphatic system and "secondary" changes in the small bowel biopsy. In addition, occult infectious (e.g. Whipple's disease from Tropheryma whipplei) or inflammatory disorders (e.g. Crohn's disease) may also present with profound changes in intestinal permeability and protein-losing enteropathy that also require exclusion. Conversely, rare B-cell type lymphomas have also been described even decades following initial

Expression of an Intestine-Specific Transcription Factor (CDX1) in Intestinal Metaplasia and in Subsequently Developed Intestinal Type of Cholangiocarcinoma in Rat Liver

Science.gov (United States)

Ren, Ping; Silberg, Debra G.; Sirica, Alphonse E.

2000-01-01

CDX1 is a caudal-type homeobox intestine-specific transcription factor that has been shown to be selectively expressed in epithelial cells in intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach and esophagus and variably expressed in human gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas (Silberg DG, Furth EE, Taylor JK, Schuck T, Chiou T, Traber PG: Gastroenterology 1997, 113: 478–486). Through the use of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, we investigated whether CDX1 is also uniquely associated with the intestinal metaplasia associated with putative precancerous cholangiofibrosis induced in rat liver during furan cholangiocarcinogenesis, as well as expressed in neoplastic glands in a subsequently developed intestinal type of cholangiocarcinoma. In normal, control adult rat small intestine, specific nuclear immunoreactivity for CDX1 was most prominent in enterocytes lining the crypts. In comparison, epithelium from intestinal metaplastic glands within furan-induced hepatic cholangiofibrosis and neoplastic epithelium from later developed primary intestinal-type cholangiocarcinoma each demonstrated strong nuclear immunoreactivity for CDX1. CDX1-positive cells were detected in hepatic cholangiofibrotic tissue as early as 3 weeks after the start of chronic furan treatment. We further determined that the percentages of CDX1-positive neoplastic glands and glandular nuclei are significantly higher in primary tumors than in a derived, transplantable cholangiocarcinoma serially-propagated in vivo. Western blotting confirmed our immunohistochemical results, and no CDX1 immunoreactivity was detected in normal adult rat liver or in hyperplastic biliary epithelial cells. These findings indicate that CDX1 is specifically associated with early intestinal metaplasia and a later developed intestinal-type of cholangiocarcinoma induced in the liver of furan-treated rats. PMID:10666391

The CT signs of intestinal volvulus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ji Jiansong; Wang Zufei; Xu Zhaolong; Lv Guijian; Xu Min; Zhao Zhongwei; Su Jinliang; Zhou Limin

2005-01-01

Objective: To improve the accuracy rate of spiral CT diagnosing intestinal volvulus. Methods: To analysis the CT findings of 9 cases of intestinal volvulus proved by operation, the main reconstruction techniques were multiplanar reformation (MPR) and sliding thin-slab maximum intensity projection (STS-MIP). Results: All the 9 cases were diagnosed accurately, the main signs were 'whirlpool' of intestine (6 cases) and vessels (9 cases),'target loop' (2 cases),'beak'(6 cases). Conclusion: 'Whirlpool' of vessels is a specific sign to diagnose intestinal volvulus, 'target loop', reduced enhancement of intestinal wall and ascites are the reliable signs to strangulated intestinal obstruction. Spiral CT and reconstructions have important value to diagnose the intestinal volvulus. (authors)

El debido proceso como derecho fundamental de los estudiantes universitarios en los procesos sancionatorios adelantados por las universidades: un análisis a partir de la jurisprudencia de la corte constitucional colombiana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Patricia Pabón Mantilla

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un análisis realizado con base en los pronunciamientos emanados de la Corte Constitucional en lo que se refiere a los procesos disciplinarios adelantados por las universidades a estudiantes. Se contemplan aspectos como la autonomía universitaria, el debido proceso, el derecho a la educación. Se busca identificar los elementos mínimos que deben contener los procesos disciplinarios para que se ajusten al respeto del derecho al debido proceso y al derecho a la igualdad.

The Effect of DA-6034 on Intestinal Permeability in an Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Kwak, Dong Shin; Lee, Oh Young; Lee, Kang Nyeong; Jun, Dae Won; Lee, Hang Lak; Yoon, Byung Chul; Choi, Ho Soon

2016-05-23

DA-6034 has anti-inflammatory activities and exhibits cytoprotective effects in acute gastric injury models. However, explanations for the protective effects of DA-6034 on intestinal permeability are limited. This study sought to investigate the effect of DA-6034 on intestinal permeability in an indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury model and its protective effect against small intestinal injury. Rats in the treatment group received DA-6034 from days 0 to 2 and indomethacin from days 1 to 2. Rats in the control group received indomethacin from days 1 to 2. On the fourth day, the small intestines were examined to compare the severity of inflammation. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran. Western blotting was performed to confirm the association between DA-6034 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The inflammation scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Hemorrhagic lesions in the treatment group were broader than those in the control group, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Intestinal permeability was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. DA-6034 enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression, and intestinal permeability was negatively correlated with ERK expression. DA-6034 may decrease intestinal permeability in an indomethacin-induced intestinal injury model via the ERK pathway.

Foreign body-associated intestinal pyogranuloma resulting in intestinal obstruction in four dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Papazoglou, L G; Tontis, D; Loukopoulos, P; Patsikas, M N; Hermanns, W; Kouti, V; Timotheou, T; Liapis, I; Tziris, N; Rallis, T S

2010-04-17

Intestinal obstruction resulting from an intramural foreign body-associated pyogranuloma was diagnosed in four dogs. Vomiting and weight loss were the main clinical signs. On physical examination, a mass in the abdomen was detected in three dogs. Abdominal radiography demonstrated the presence of soft tissue opacity in three of the dogs and gas-filled dilated intestinal loops in all four dogs. Abdominal ultrasonography showed hyperkinetic fluid-filled dilated intestinal loops and a hypoechoic small intestinal mass in all the dogs. Exploratory coeliotomy confirmed the presence of a jejunal mass, which was removed by resection and anastomosis in all the dogs. In one of the dogs a linear foreign body was also found cranial to the mass and was removed through a separate enterotomy incision. The lesions were diagnosed as foreign body-associated intestinal pyogranulomas on histological examination. Three dogs recovered without complications, but the fourth showed signs of septic peritonitis four days after surgery and was euthanased at the owner's request. The other three dogs remained disease-free 12 to 42 months after surgery.

Proceso de pruebas para pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de software

OpenAIRE

Martha Lucía Rojas-Montes; Francisco José Pino-Correa; James Mauricio Martínez

2015-01-01

Definir un proceso de pruebas dentro de una organización puede ser valioso en la medida en que permita: (i) incrementar la calidad del producto, (ii) facilitar la comunicación y la comprensión entre los miembros del equipo, (iii) apoyar la mejora continua del proceso, y (iv) soportar la ejecución automática de ciertas tareas. En este sentido, este artículo propone un proceso liviano definido para guiar y apoyar la realización de las pruebas en pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de softwa...

VARIACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS FISICOQUIMICOS DURANTE UN PROCESO DE COMPOSTAJE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana María Farias Camero

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Se llevaron a cabo dos procesos de compostaje a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos de rosas durante 165 días aproximadamente. En uno de los procesos la descomposición del material fue realizada sólo por microorganismos (compostaje directo y en el otro fuera de los microorganismos se adicionaron lombrices de tierra Eisenia foetida (compostaje indirecto. El compostaje directo fue realizado en un sistema de compostación denominado "camas" y el proceso indirecto se desarrolló en la etapa inicial en un sistema de "panelas" siendo trasladado posteriormente a una cama. Los dos procesos se manejaron con adiciones de cal, NH4NO3 (20%N y microorganismos. Se tomaron muestras periódicas en diferentes lugares de las pilas y se midió semanalmente la temperatura. En cada una de las muestras se determinaron los siguientes parámetros fisicoquímicos: % humedad, color, pH en relaciones muestra: agua 1:5 y 1:10, cenizas, materia orgánica. Cíe libre de cenizas, carbono, nitrógeno y relación C/N. En el extracto acuoso se determinaron el contenido de carbono orgánico total y nitrógeno, la relación C/N y el porcentaje de hidrosolubles y se hizo un ensayo de germinación en el que se calculó el porcentaje de semillas de berro (Lepidium sativum que germinaron en el extracto. La variación de los parámetros en cada uno de los procesos permifió establecer que los mayores cambios en el material se llevan a cabo durante las etapas iniciales del proceso (fases termófila y mesófila, siendo la presencia de microorganismos el factor limitante de la dinámica del proceso; así mismo la adición de lombrices de tierra no aceleró la mineralización de la materia orgánica. A nivel metodológico se estableció que la determinación del color no es un parámetro efectivo para evaluar el estado de madurez del compost y que, medidas de la temperatura y el porcentaje de germinación pueden realizarse rutinariamente para determinar el avance del proceso. Para

Organización de la seguridad en el proceso constructivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mínguez Fernández, César

1993-02-01

Full Text Available Thorough and complex study on the implementation of prevention processes and labour safety in the production process in Industrial Construction Companies.

Profundo y complejo estudio sobre la implantación de los procesos de prevención y salud laboral, en el proceso de producción, en la Empresa Industrial de Construcción.

Software para el proceso de selección de personal

OpenAIRE

Almagro Rojas, Gustavo

2010-01-01

El proyecto nace de la necesidad del departamento de recursos humanos de Aventia s.l. de organizar la información referente a los procesos de selección de personal. Más en concreto resulta muy importante formalizar el proceso de generación de solicitudes y agilizar la gestión de la información referente a los candidatos.

Intestinal Microbiota Signatures Associated With Histological Liver Steatosis in Pediatric-Onset Intestinal Failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Korpela, Katri; Mutanen, Annika; Salonen, Anne; Savilahti, Erkki; de Vos, Willem M; Pakarinen, Mikko P

2017-02-01

Intestinal failure (IF)-associated liver disease (IFALD) is the major cause of mortality in IF. The link between intestinal microbiota and IFALD is unclear. We compared intestinal microbiota of patients with IF (n = 23) with healthy controls (n = 58) using culture-independent phylogenetic microarray analysis. The microbiota was related to histological liver injury, fecal markers of intestinal inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and calprotectin, and disease characteristics. Overabundance of Lactobacilli, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria was observed in IF, whereas bacteria related to Clostridium clusters III, IV, and XIVa along with overall diversity and richness were reduced. Patients were segregated into 3 subgroups based on dominating bacteria: Clostridium cluster XIVa, Proteobacteria, and bacteria related to Lactobacillus plantarum. In addition to liver steatosis and fibrosis, Proteobacteria were associated with prolonged current parenteral nutrition (PN) as well as liver and intestinal inflammation. Lactobacilli were related to advanced steatosis and fibrosis mostly after weaning off PN without associated inflammation. In multivariate permutational analysis of variance, liver steatosis, bowel length, PN calories, and antibiotic treatment best explained the microbiota variation among patients with IF. Intestinal microbiota composition was associated with liver steatosis in IF and better predicted steatosis than duration of PN or length of the remaining intestine. Our results may be explained by a model in which steatosis is initiated during PN in response to proinflammatory lipopolysaccharides produced by Proteobacteria and progresses after weaning off PN, as the L plantarum group Lactobacilli becomes dominant and affects lipid metabolism by altering bile acid signaling.

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.

Science.gov (United States)

Suresh, N; Ganesh, R; Sankar, Janani; Sathiyasekaran, Malathi

2009-10-01

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disease of intestinal lymphatics presenting with hypoproteinemia, bilateral lower limb edema, ascites, and protein losing enteropathy. We report a series of 4 children from Chennai, India presenting with anasarca, recurrent diarrhea, hypoproteinemia and confirmatory features of PIL on endoscopy and histopathology.

Si-Jun-Zi Decoction Treatment Promotes the Restoration of Intestinal Function after Obstruction by Regulating Intestinal Homeostasis

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Xiangyang Yu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Intestinal obstruction is a common disease requiring abdominal surgery with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, an effective medical treatment for obstruction, other than surgical resection or decompression, does not exist. Si-Jun-Zi Decoction is a famous Chinese medicine used to replenish qi and invigorate the functions of the spleen. Modern pharmacological studies show that this prescription can improve gastrointestinal function and strengthen immune function. In this study, we investigated the effects of a famous Chinese herbal formula, Si-Jun-Zi Decoction, on the restoration of intestinal function after the relief of obstruction in a rabbit model. We found that Si-Jun-Zi Decoction could reduce intestinal mucosal injury while promoting the recovery of the small intestine. Further, Si-Jun-Zi Decoction could regulate the intestinal immune system. Our results suggest that Si-Jun-Zi Decoction promotes the restoration of intestinal function after obstruction by regulating intestinal homeostasis. Our observations indicate that Si-Jun-Zi Decoction is potentially a therapeutic drug for intestinal obstruction.

Los procesos metacognitivos: La metacomprensión y la actividad de la lectura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvarado Calderón, Kathia

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la relación entre los aspectos comprendidos bajo el nombre de procesos metacognitivos, la metacomprensión y la realización exitosa de la actividad de la lectura. Es ya reconocido que el término ‘metacognición’ designa los trabajos en el dominio de la psicología cognitiva resultado de las investigaciones de J. Flavell, H. Wellman y A. Brown. En las definiciones sobre ‘metacognición’ encontramos una especie de consenso que integra dos vertientes principales. La primera centrada en los conocimientos del sujeto sobre sus procesos cognitivos, la segunda vertiente, la que concierne a la regulación de los procesos cognitivos a través de las estrategias de control de los progresos en un aprendizaje cualquiera. Esta orientación, sin duda, abre posibilidades para el sujeto en términos de aprendizaje de contenidos escolares, pero también y principalmente en relación con su participación como sujeto comprometido activamente con su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Los procesos metacognitivos juegan un papel fundamental en la comprensión del texto y en el recuerdo de eso que ha sido leído. Estos procesos facilitan la comprensión y permiten al lector ajustarse al texto y al contexto. En el proceso de lectura el primer componente de la metacognición comprende los conocimientos que el sujeto lector posee sobre sus procesos cognitivos asociados con la lectura, cuando el sujeto opera desde este conocimiento demuestra que está comprometido en un proceso de investigación, de comprensión y de autoevaluación. El segundo componente es el de la regulación o del control cognitivo en la actividad de la lectura. Los autores reconocen este tipo de conocimiento bajo el nombre de metacomprensión, con dos componentes , el conocimiento de los procesos en tres vías: el lector, la tarea y las estrategias; y la gestión de los procesos cognitivos o comportamientos eficaces para desarrollar sus estrategias de

Gastric and intestinal surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Fossum, Theresa W; Hedlund, Cheryl S

2003-09-01

Gastric surgery is commonly performed to remove foreign bodies and correct gastric dilatation-volvulus and is less commonly performed to treat gastric ulceration or erosion, neoplasia, and benign gastric outflow obstruction. Intestinal surgery, although commonly performed by veterinarians, should never be considered routine. The most common procedures of the small intestinal tract performed in dogs and cats include enterotomy and resection/anastomosis. Surgery of the large intestine is indicated for lesions causing obstruction, perforations, colonic inertia, or chronic inflammation.

Transformación de procesos de desarrollo de software tipo SPEM a procesos workflow : Una propuesta de caso de estudio: SmallRUP

OpenAIRE

Zorzán, Fabio Andrés; Riesco, Daniel Eduardo; Szasz, Nora

2009-01-01

Esta línea de investigación pretende aportar a la mejora de los procesos de desarrollo de software, en particular los especificados con el Software Process Engineering Metamodel versión 2 (SPEM). El caso de estudio propuesto consiste en transformar la especificación en SPEM de la metodología de desarrollo SmallRUP a una especificación de procesos que pueda ser utilizada como entrada de un motor workflow estándar. Para realizar esta transformación, se utilizará una transformación definida en e...

Paraciclismo: estudio sobre los procesos de integración a nivel internacional

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Javier Pérez-Tejero

2013-03-01

Full Text Available El Paraciclismo (o ciclismo adaptado es una de las primeras modalidades deportivas adaptadas integradas en la federación internacional de su deporte correspondiente. Este deporte es un buen ejemplo a la hora de estudiar los procesos de integración en las federaciones unideportivas. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el grado de implantación de estos procesos en el ciclismo a nivel internacional y conocer los indicadores concretos que lo caracterizan. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Campeonato del Mundo de Paraciclismo en ruta, disputado en Baie-Comeau (Canadá, 2010. Participaron 13 países. Se administró un cuestionario ad hoc de 20 preguntas a un representante cualificado de cada expedición, evaluando los ámbitos de gestión, necesidades, aspectos clave y opinión sobre los procesos de integración del ciclismo en su país. En el 61,5 % de los países estudiados era la federación nacional de ciclismo quien gestionaba el ciclismo adaptado, aunque solo el 30 % tienen todas las competencias transferidas a las federaciones unideportivas. Las discapacidades menos integradas fueron la auditiva y la intelectual. Los aspectos más valorados en los procesos fueron la determinación de normativas específicas, la formación de técnicos deportivos, la existencia de una institución garante de los procesos y el apoyo económico específico. El proceso de integración fue evaluado de forma muy positiva por el 87,5 % de los encuestados: incluso parece derivar en un aumento del número de licencias y del rendimiento deportivo. Estos indicadores pueden ser extrapolables a otros deportes y útiles para favorecer los procesos de integración en nuestro país.

Intestinal epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease

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Mehmet eCoskun

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The intestinal epithelium has a strategic position as a protective physical barrier to luminal microbiota and actively contributes to the mucosal immune system. This barrier is mainly formed by a monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs that are crucial in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation within the epithelial layer can increase intestinal permeability, lead to abnormalities in interactions between IECs and immune cells in underlying lamina propria, and disturb the intestinal immune homeostasis, all of which are linked to the clinical disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD. Understanding the role of the intestinal epithelium in IBD pathogenesis might contribute to an improved knowledge of the inflammatory processes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.

LA GESTIÓN POR PROCESOS: UN ENFOQUE DE GESTIÓN EFICIENTE

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Miguel Ángel Mallar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Cada vez más se observan los esfuerzos orientados a adecuar las organizaciones al complejo escenario en que se mueven. Cambios de reglas de juego, incremento de la competencia, apertura al mundo a través de la tecnología, hacen al cliente mucho más exigente, modificando sus demandas y necesidades.La Gestión basada en los Procesos, surge como un enfoque que centra la atención sobre las actividades de la organización, para optimizarlas.En este trabajo se considerará a la organización como una red de procesos interrelacionados o interconectados, donde la estructura organizativa vertical clásica, eficiente a nivel de funciones, se orienta hacia una concepción horizontal, desplazándose el centro de interés desde las estructuras hacia los procesos, como metodología para mejorar el rendimiento, concentrándose en el diseño disciplinado y cuidadosa ejecución de todos los procesos de una organización.Concluyendo, la metodología de aplicación de la Gestión basada en Procesos se trata de una herramienta de gestión adecuada para el momento actual, constituyéndose con fuerza como una alternativa exitosa para la obtención de resultados cada vez mejores.

Mejora del proceso productivo en la fabricación de ductos de acero ASTM A709 en una planta industrial, comparando procesos de soldadura SMAW y FCAW-G

OpenAIRE

Vilchez Aquino, Joel Ernesto; Vilchez Aquino, Joel Ernesto; Vilchez Aquino, Joel Ernesto

2013-01-01

En el presente informe se realiza el estudio de la mejora del proceso productivo en la fabricación de ductos de acero en un taller metal mecánico, en el que se determinaron varios indicadores de productividad para los procesos de soldadura manual SMAW y el proceso semiautomático FACW-G. El informe consta de cinco capítulos que se detallan a continuación: En el capítulo I se realiza la introducción al tema; abarcando los antecedentes, objetivos, alcances, limitaciones y la metodología de tr...

Bolivia: Del “proceso de cambio” a los cambios en el proceso

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Jenny Ybarnegaray Ortiz

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo ofrece un análisis detallado del conflicto en torno al TIPNIS desde la perspectiva de una consultora independiente y activista cultural radicada en Bolivia. En su desarrollo, el artículo contextualiza históricamente el conflicto del TIPNIS y lo sitúa dentro del proceso social y político que hoy vive Bolivia. La autora se detiene en el análisis de “lo que revela el conflicto” y en los desafíos políticos que le plantea al gobierno del MAS, problematizando sustancialmente el  “proceso de cambio” anunciado el año 2005, durante la campaña electoral que condujo a Evo Morales a la Presidencia de Bolivia.        This article offers a detailed analysis of the conflict around the TIPNIS from the point of view of an independent consultant and cultural activist based in Bolivia. In its development, the article historically contextualizes the conflict of the TIPNIS locating it within the social and political process that today lives Bolivia. The author pauses in the analysis of “which substantially reveals the conflict” and in the political challenges that it poses to the government of the MAS, problematizing the “process of change” announced in 2005, during the electoral campaign that lead to Evo Morales to the Presidency of Bolivia. 

Diagnosis of intestinal and extra intestinal amoebiasis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopez, Myriam Consuelo; Quiroz, Damian Arnoldo; Pinilla, Analida Elizabeth

2007-01-01

The objective is to carry out a review of the national and international literature as of the XXth century in order to update the advances for the diagnosis of complex odd Entamoeba histolytic / Entamoeba dispar and that of intestinal and extra intestinal amoebiasis that may be of use to the scientific community. As well as to unify the diagnostic criteria of this parasitosis known as a public health problem, and as a consequence of that, optimize the quality of population care. Data source: there was a systematic search for the scientific literature Publisher in Spanish and English since 1960 until today, this selection started on the first semester of 2006 until 2007, in the development of the line on intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis of the Medical School of the National University of Colombia. A retrospective search process was carried out, systematically reviewing the most relevant articles as well as the products of this research line. In deciding how to make this article, there was a continuous search in different data bases such as Medline, SciELO and other bases in the library of the National University of Colombia, as well as other classical books related to the subject. For that purpose the terms amoebiasis, odd Entamoeba histolytic, Entamoeba, diagnosis, epidemiology, dysentery, amoebic liver abscess, were used. Studies selection: titles and abstracts were reviewed to select the original publications and the most representative ones related to this article's subject. Data extraction: the articles were classified according to the subject, the chronology and the authors according to the scientific contribution to solve the problem. Synthesis of the data: in the fi rst instance, a chronological critical analysis was carried out to order and synthesize the progress made in the diagnosis until confirmation of the experts' agreements in the field of amoebiasis was obtained throughout the world. Conclusion: this article summarizes what has taken place

Intestinal transplantation: The anesthesia perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Dalal, Aparna

2016-04-01

Intestinal transplantation is a complex and challenging surgery. It is very effective for treating intestinal failure, especially for those patients who cannot tolerate parenteral nutrition nor have extensive abdominal disease. Chronic parental nutrition can induce intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). According to United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data, children with intestinal failure affected by liver disease secondary to parenteral nutrition have the highest mortality on a waiting list when compared with all candidates for solid organ transplantation. Intestinal transplant grafts can be isolated or combined with the liver/duodenum/pancreas. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) has defined intestinal donor criteria. Living donor intestinal transplant (LDIT) has the advantages of optimal timing, short ischemia time and good human leukocyte antigen matching contributing to lower postoperative complications in the recipient. Thoracic epidurals provide excellent analgesia for the donors, as well as recipients. Recipient management can be challenging. Thrombosis and obstruction of venous access maybe common due to prolonged parenteral nutrition and/or hypercoaguability. Thromboelastography (TEG) is helpful for managing intraoperative product therapy or thrombosis. Large fluid shifts and electrolyte disturbances may occur due to massive blood loss, dehydration, third spacing etc. Intestinal grafts are susceptible to warm and cold ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Post-reperfusion syndrome is common. Cardiac or pulmonary clots can be monitored with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Vasopressors maybe used to ensure stable hemodynamics. Post-intestinal transplant patients may need anesthesia for procedures such as biopsies for surveillance of rejection, bronchoscopy, endoscopy, postoperative hemorrhage, anastomotic leaks, thrombosis of grafts etc. Asepsis

Presentation of a nationwide multicenter registry of intestinal failure and intestinal transplantation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neelis, E. G.; Roskott, A. M.; Dijkstra, G.; Wanten, G. J.; Serlie, M. J.; Tabbers, M. M.; Damen, G.; Olthof, E. D.; Jonkers, C. F.; Kloeze, J. H.; Ploeg, R. J.; Imhann, F.; Nieuwenhuijs, V. B.; Rings, E. H. H. M.

Background & aims: Exact data on Dutch patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) and after intestinal transplantation (ITx) have been lacking. To improve standard care of these patients, a nationwide collaboration has been established. Objectives of this study were obtaining an up-to-date

Presentation of a nationwide multicenter registry of intestinal failure and intestinal transplantation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neelis, E.G.; Roskott, A.M.; Dijkstra, G.; Wanten, G.J.A.; Serlie, M.J.; Tabbers, M.M.; Damen, G.M.; Olthof, E.D.; Jonkers, C.F.; Kloeze, J.H.; Ploeg, R.J.; Imhann, F.; Nieuwenhuijs, V.B.; Rings, E.H.

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Exact data on Dutch patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) and after intestinal transplantation (ITx) have been lacking. To improve standard care of these patients, a nationwide collaboration has been established. Objectives of this study were obtaining an up-to-date

Intestinal Stem Cell Markers in the Intestinal Metaplasia of Stomach and Barrett's Esophagus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bo Gun Jang

Full Text Available Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM is a highly prevalent preneoplastic lesion; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating its development remain unclear. We have previously shown that a population of cells expressing the intestinal stem cell (ISC marker LGR5 increases remarkably in IM. In this study, we further investigated the molecular characteristics of these LGR5+ cells in IM by examining the expression profile of several ISC markers. Notably, we found that ISC markers-including OLFM4 and EPHB2-are positively associated with the CDX2 expression in non-tumorous gastric tissues. This finding was confirmed in stomach lesions with or without metaplasia, which demonstrated that OLFM4 and EPHB2 expression gradually increased with metaplastic progression. Moreover, RNA in situ hybridization revealed that LGR5+ cells coexpress several ISC markers and remained confined to the base of metaplastic glands, reminiscent to that of normal intestinal crypts, whereas those in normal antral glands expressed none of these markers. Furthermore, a large number of ISC marker-expressing cells were diffusely distributed in gastric adenomas, suggesting that these markers may facilitate gastric tumorigenesis. In addition, Barrett's esophagus (BE-which is histologically similar to intestinal metaplasia-exhibited a similar distribution of ISC markers, indicating the presence of a stem cell population with intestinal differentiation potential. In conclusion, we identified that LGR5+ cells in gastric IM and BE coexpress ISC markers, and exhibit the same expression profile as those found in normal intestinal crypts. Taken together, these results implicate an intestinal-like stem cell population in the pathogenesis of IM, and provide an important basis for understanding the development and maintenance of this disease.

Non-Meckel Small Intestine Diverticulitis

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Shamim Ejaz

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Non-Meckel small intestine diverticulitis can have many manifestations and its management is not well-defined. We report 4 unselect cases of small intestine diverticulitis; all patients were seen by the same physician at the Emergency Center at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1999 and 2014. The median age at diagnosis of these patients was 82 years (range, 76–87 years. All 4 patients presented with acute onset of abdominal pain, and computed tomography scans showed characteristics of small intestine diverticulitis unrelated to cancer. Most of the diverticula were found in the region of the duodenum and jejuno-ileal segments of the small intestine. The patients, even those with peripancreatic inflammation and localized perforation, were treated conservatively. Non-Meckel diverticulitis can be overlooked in the initial diagnosis because of the location of the diverticulosis, the age of the patient, and the rarity of the disease. Because patients with non-Meckel small intestine diverticulitis can present with acute abdominal pain, non-Meckel small intestine diverticulitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute abdominal pain, and computed tomography scans can help identify the condition. Because of the rarity of non-Meckel small intestine diverticulitis, few studies have been published, and the data are inconclusive about how best to approach these patients. Our experience with these 4 elderly patients indicates that non-Meckel small intestine diverticulitis can be treated conservatively, which avoids the potential morbidity and mortality of a surgical approach.

Dyslipidaemia--hepatic and intestinal cross-talk.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Tomkin, Gerald H

2010-06-01

Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated with the majority of de novo cholesterol synthesis occurring in the liver and intestine. 3 Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a major enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, is raised in both liver and intestine in diabetic animals. Niemann PickC1-like1 protein regulates cholesterol absorption in the intestine and facilitates cholesterol transport through the liver. There is evidence to suggest that the effect of inhibition of Niemann PickC1-like1 lowers cholesterol through its effect not only in the intestine but also in the liver. ATP binding cassette proteins G5\\/G8 regulate cholesterol re-excretion in the intestine and in the liver, cholesterol excretion into the bile. Diabetes is associated with reduced ATP binding cassette protein G5\\/G8 expression in both the liver and intestine in animal models. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is central to the formation of the chylomicron in the intestine and VLDL in the liver. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA is increased in diabetes in both the intestine and liver. Cross-talk between the intestine and liver is poorly documented in humans due to the difficulty in obtaining liver biopsies but animal studies are fairly consistent in showing relationships that explain in part mechanisms involved in cholesterol homeostasis.

DE LA FORMACIÓN DE GRUPOS A EQUIPOS DE TRABAJO DOCENTE MEDIANTE PROCESOS DE COMUNICACIÓN PERSONAL. APUNTES SOBRE LA CONCEPCION METODOLOGICA DEL PROCESO.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de los Angeles Linares Borrell

2008-06-01

Full Text Available La formación de equipos de trabajo es un imperativo del mundo actual, ya se trate de la actividad empresarial, o de la administración pública. La Educación Superior que cada vez mas trasciende su funcionamiento interno y los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, a la actividad extramuros tiene que lograr estas nuevas formas de trabajo en cada acción académica que realice. Para lograr la formación de profesionales comprometidos con la sociedad se requiere la participación y la interacción de todos y esto sólo puede lograrse generando el cambio de los grupos formales a equipos de trabajo, lo que es válido para cualquier sector de la sociedad y tiene en la comunicación un eje transversal imprescindible. El fundamento teórico del proceso lo constituyen la ingeniería de formación en dirección y el método de interacción a través de las técnicas de discusión por desarrollo, como enfoque básico de comunicación. Una experiencia de diez días de intensa actividad interactiva, creando espacios de comunicación formal e informal en un proceso docente demostró que entre todos puede lograrse el enfoque educativo mediante la comunicación, que contiene: la educación como proceso de diálogo y transformación, basada en el privilegio de lo colectivo, la creatividad, la interacción e interdependencia, la contextualización, la interdisciplinariedad, generando salidas de proceso con elevada calidad y acorde a las necesidades de cada sociedad específica.

Presentation of a nationwide multicenter registry of intestinal failure and intestinal transplantation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neelis, E. G.; Roskott, A. M.; Dijkstra, G.; Wanten, G. J.; Serlie, M. J.; Tabbers, M. M.; Damen, G.; Olthof, E. D.; Jonkers, C. F.; Kloeze, J. H.; Ploeg, R. J.; Imhann, F.; Nieuwenhuijs, V. B.; Rings, E. H. H. M.

2016-01-01

Exact data on Dutch patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) and after intestinal transplantation (ITx) have been lacking. To improve standard care of these patients, a nationwide collaboration has been established. Objectives of this study were obtaining an up-to-date prevalence of CIF and

Los procesos metacognitivos: La metacomprensión y la actividad de la lectura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kathia Alvarado Calderón

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir teóricamente la relación entre los aspectos comprendidos bajo el nombre de procesos metacognitivos, la metacomprensión y la realización exitosa de la actividad de la lectura en todo sujeto lector. Es ya reconocido que el término ‘metacognición’ designa los trabajos en el dominio de la psicología cognitiva resultado de las investigaciones de J. Flavell, H. Wellman y A. Brown. En las definiciones sobre ‘metacognición’ encontramos una especie de consenso que integra dos vertientes principales. La primera centrada en los conocimientos del sujeto sobre sus procesos cognitivos, la segunda vertiente, la que concierne a la regulación de los procesos cognitivos a través de las estrategias de control de los progresos en un aprendizaje cualquiera. Esta orientación, sin duda, abre posibilidades para el sujeto en términos de aprendizaje de contenidos escolares, pero también y principalmente en relación con su participación como sujeto comprometido activamente con su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Los procesos metacognitivos juegan un papel fundamental en la comprensión del texto y en el recuerdo de eso que ha sido leído. Estos procesos facilitan la comprensión y permiten al lector ajustarse al texto y al contexto. En el proceso de lectura el primer componente de la metacognición comprende los conocimientos que el sujeto lector posee sobre sus procesos cognitivos asociados con la lectura, cuando el sujeto opera desde este conocimiento demuestra que está comprometido en un proceso de investigación, de comprensión y de autoevaluación. El segundo componente es el de la regulación o del control cognitivo en la actividad de la lectura. Los autores reconocen este tipo de conocimiento bajo el nombre de metacomprensión, con dos componentes , el conocimiento de los procesos en tres vías: el lector, la tarea y las estrategias; y la gestión de los procesos cognitivos o comportamientos eficaces

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA MEJORA DE LOS PROCESOS CLAVES DE ESAC. APLICACIÓN AL PROCESO DE REPARACIÓN Y MANTENIMIENTO DE MEDIOS TÉCNICOS DE COMPUTACIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bibiana López Vázquez

2008-11-01

Full Text Available

El mejoramiento continuo es un principio básico de la gestión de la calidad, devenido en la actualidad como un objetivo permanente de las organizaciones para elevar su nivel de desempeño e incrementar la ventaja competitiva a través de la mejora. En este sentido la mejora continua puede referirse tanto a productos, servicios, como a procesos. Una forma de llevar a cabo la mejora continua de los procesos para aumentar el desempeño, es mejorando los resultados obtenidos en los procesos repetitivos de la organización, en base a una aplicación constante de pequeños pasos de mejora. El presente artículo propone un procedimiento para mejorar la calidad de los procesos claves, aplicado en la Empresa de Servicios de Aseguramiento de la Calidad (ESAC, el cual consta de 6 etapas y tiene por objetivo mejorar la calidad del servicio y aumentar la satisfacción de los clientes en un entorno cada día más competitivo.

LAS COMPETENCIAS INVESTIGATIVAS DEL ESTUDIANTE EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE

OpenAIRE

Pablo Enrique Barreiro Macías

2015-01-01

El presente estudio ofrece una concepción teórica referente a la formación de las competencias investigativas del estudiante de laboratorio clínico. Como metodología general, se realizó un análisis crítico y argumentado en el contexto de la profesión, referente a la importancia de la investigación científica, en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, conceptualizada ésta, como el “proceso esencial” para la formación de las competencias investigativas. Se propone que el proceso de enseñanza y ...

Adult zebrafish intestine resection: a novel model of short bowel syndrome, adaptation, and intestinal stem cell regeneration.

Science.gov (United States)

Schall, K A; Holoyda, K A; Grant, C N; Levin, D E; Torres, E R; Maxwell, A; Pollack, H A; Moats, R A; Frey, M R; Darehzereshki, A; Al Alam, D; Lien, C; Grikscheit, T C

2015-08-01

Loss of significant intestinal length from congenital anomaly or disease may lead to short bowel syndrome (SBS); intestinal failure may be partially offset by a gain in epithelial surface area, termed adaptation. Current in vivo models of SBS are costly and technically challenging. Operative times and survival rates have slowed extension to transgenic models. We created a new reproducible in vivo model of SBS in zebrafish, a tractable vertebrate model, to facilitate investigation of the mechanisms of intestinal adaptation. Proximal intestinal diversion at segment 1 (S1, equivalent to jejunum) was performed in adult male zebrafish. SBS fish emptied distal intestinal contents via stoma as in the human disease. After 2 wk, S1 was dilated compared with controls and villus ridges had increased complexity, contributing to greater villus epithelial perimeter. The number of intervillus pockets, the intestinal stem cell zone of the zebrafish increased and contained a higher number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells after 2 wk of SBS. Egf receptor and a subset of its ligands, also drivers of adaptation, were upregulated in SBS fish. Igf has been reported as a driver of intestinal adaptation in other animal models, and SBS fish exposed to a pharmacological inhibitor of the Igf receptor failed to demonstrate signs of intestinal adaptation, such as increased inner epithelial perimeter and BrdU incorporation. We describe a technically feasible model of human SBS in the zebrafish, a faster and less expensive tool to investigate intestinal stem cell plasticity as well as the mechanisms that drive intestinal adaptation. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

Small Intestinal Infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Munot, Khushboo; Kotler, Donald P

2016-06-01

Small intestinal infections are extremely common worldwide. They may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic in etiology. Most are foodborne or waterborne, with specific etiologies differing by region and with diverse pathophysiologies. Very young, very old, and immune-deficient individuals are the most vulnerable to morbidity or mortality from small intestinal infections. There have been significant advances in diagnostic sophistication with the development and early application of molecular diagnostic assays, though these tests have not become mainstream. The lack of rapid diagnoses combined with the self-limited nature of small intestinal infections has hampered the development of specific and effective treatments other than oral rehydration. Antibiotics are not indicated in the absence of an etiologic diagnosis, and not at all in the case of some infections.

Intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: temporal analysis reveals individual and common core and relation to intestinal symptoms.

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Jonna Jalanka-Tuovinen

Full Text Available While our knowledge of the intestinal microbiota during disease is accumulating, basic information of the microbiota in healthy subjects is still scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults and specifically address its temporal stability, core microbiota and relation with intestinal symptoms. We carried out a longitudinal study by following a set of 15 healthy Finnish subjects for seven weeks and regularly assessed their intestinal bacteria and archaea with the Human Intestinal Tract (HIT Chip, a phylogenetic microarray, in conjunction with qPCR analyses. The health perception and occurrence of intestinal symptoms was recorded by questionnaire at each sampling point.A high overall temporal stability of the microbiota was observed. Five subjects showed transient microbiota destabilization, which correlated not only with the intake of antibiotics but also with overseas travelling and temporary illness, expanding the hitherto known factors affecting the intestinal microbiota. We identified significant correlations between the microbiota and common intestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain and bloating. The most striking finding was the inverse correlation between Bifidobacteria and abdominal pain: subjects who experienced pain had over five-fold less Bifidobacteria compared to those without pain. Finally, a novel computational approach was used to define the common core microbiota, highlighting the role of the analysis depth in finding the phylogenetic core and estimating its size. The in-depth analysis suggested that we share a substantial number of our intestinal phylotypes but as they represent highly variable proportions of the total community, many of them often remain undetected.A global and high-resolution microbiota analysis was carried out to determine the temporal stability, the associations with intestinal symptoms, and the individual and common core microbiota in healthy adults. The

Small Intestine Cancer—Health Professional Version

Science.gov (United States)

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of small intestine cancer. Other types of small intestine cancer are sarcomas, carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and lymphomas. Find evidence-based information on small intestine cancer treatment, research, and statistics.

Arquitectura constitucional y procesos de integración en el caso portugués

OpenAIRE

Noronha Rodrigues, José

2008-01-01

Con medio siglo de la existencia, el proceso europeo de integración/Unión Europea se encuentra, actualmente, en una encrucijada nueva. Sin embargo, hoy nos parece incuestionable que la integración europea es un proceso irreversible. Portugal, por la vía de las revisiones constitucionales sucesivas, ha conseguido acompasar y adaptar su arquitectura constitucional al proceso europeo de la integración.

Evaluación de la nitazoxanida en dosis única y por tres días en parasitosis intestinal Nitazoxanide vs albendazole against intestinal parasites in a single dose and for three days

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Uri Belkind-Valdovinos

2004-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilidad de nitazoxanida en dosis habitual con esquema de tres días y en dosis única, para la erradicación masiva de parásitos intestinales en la población pediátrica, comparando su efecto con el del albendazol en dosis única. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, en tres comunidades rurales de la región central de México, durante el periodo 2001-2003, para incluir tres posibles alternativas de tratamiento en 786 sujetos de entre 5 y 11 años de edad, de los cuales 92 tuvieron un examen parasitológico positivo (15.1%. El grupo 1 incluyó 27 pacientes que recibieron 400 mg de albendazol en dosis única; el grupo 2 incluyó 34 pacientes a quienes se administró nitazoxanida en dosis de 15 mg/kg/día durante tres días consecutivos; y el grupo 3 incluyó 31 pacientes que recibieron 1.2 g de nitazoxanida en dosis única. Se evaluó diferencia de proporciones mediante prueba exacta de Fisher. RESULTADOS: No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la efectividad de los tres esquemas de tratamiento: (80.5% con albendazol, comparado con las dos alternativas adicionales de nitazoxanida (67.6% y 71%, respectivamente. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de efectos secundarios con nitazoxanida por kg /día (26.5% y en dosis única (32.2%, en comparación con la dosis única de albendazol (7.4%. CONCLUSIONES: Las evidencias en cuanto a la efectividad y elevada prevalencia de efectos secundarios de la nitazoxanida no justifican aún su utilización como quimiopreventivo masivo para el control de parasitosis intestinal en áreas endémicas. En países con elevada prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal las medidas de prevención primaria que continúan vigentes, y que deben priorizarse, están relacionadas con sanidad pública, introducción de agua potable y drenaje, cloración de agua y manejo adecuado de excretas de animales domésticos, así como educación para la salud.OBJETIVE: To

Oído y vencido. El debido proceso en la cultura y la jurisprudencia

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José Ramón Narváez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El debido proceso es una institución técnica del Derecho que también está presente en la cultura popular. En este sentido, el presente trabajo identifica ciertos momentos emblemáticos en los que la cultura popular habla del aprecio social por la institución del debido proceso, en especial en dos figuras literarias clásicas: Robin Hood y El proceso de Franz Kafka. Finalmente, se muestra cómo la jurisprudencia actual tiene también sus referencias de prioridad respecto de esta institución. La idea es acercar al lector, a través del Debido proceso, a la lectura de la historia, la literatura y de la cultura popular universal donde subyace una idea muy acabada del derecho.

Parenteral Nutrition and Intestinal Failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Bielawska, Barbara; Allard, Johane P

2017-05-06

Severe short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a major cause of chronic (Type 3) intestinal failure (IF) where structural and functional changes contribute to malabsorption and risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Chronic IF may be reversible, depending on anatomy and intestinal adaptation, but most patients require long-term nutritional support, generally in the form of parenteral nutrition (PN). SBS management begins with dietary changes and pharmacologic therapies taking into account individual anatomy and physiology, but these are rarely sufficient to avoid PN. New hormonal therapies targeting intestinal adaptation hold promise. Surgical options for SBS including intestinal transplant are available, but have significant limitations. Home PN (HPN) is therefore the mainstay of treatment for severe SBS. HPN involves chronic administration of macronutrients, micronutrients, fluid, and electrolytes via central venous access in the patient's home. HPN requires careful clinical and biochemical monitoring. Main complications of HPN are related to venous access (infection, thrombosis) and metabolic complications including intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Although HPN significantly impacts quality of life, outcomes are generally good and survival is mostly determined by the underlying disease. As chronic intestinal failure is a rare disease, registries are a promising strategy for studying HPN patients to improve outcomes.

Determination of Intestine Inflammation Markers in Diagnostic Search in Children with Intestinal Diseases

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N.V. Pavlenko

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Prevalence of bowel diseases in children is the second, trailing only the diseases of gastroduodenal zone and growing in recent years. Actual one is the problem of differential diagnosis of functional and inflammatory intestinal diseases using non-invasive methods on the prehospital stage and as a screening. Objective. Comparative analysis of fecal markers of the bowel inflammation (lactoferrine and calprotectine with endoscopy and morphology of intestinal mucosa in children. Matherials and methods. 49 children aged 6–18 years were examined. All patients underwent endoscopic and morphological study of the intestine, coprotest, determination of fecal markers of bowel inflammation (lactoferrin and calprotectine. Results. It is shown that in young children, the intestinal mucosa mainly hadn’t endoscopic changes, coprotest and morphological examination didn’t reveal the signs of inflammation, fecal intestinal inflammation markers were negative (p < 0.05. In the group of older children, moderate or marked catarrhal changes were found endoscopically, coprotest results were typical of inflammation in the intestines, it was morphologically proved the presence of chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon with signs of atrophy, the results of lactoferrin and calprotectine determination were positive (p < 0.05. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the evaluation of calprotectine and lactoferrin can be used in pediatric patients because of its non-invasiveness as diagnostic screening for the selection of patients for the further endoscopic examination and diagnostic search.

Nuevo enfoque para el estudio de la productividad en la construcción masiva de vivienda

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Carlos Enrique Arcudia Abad

2002-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación de la productividad de la mano de obra puede ser un medio que coadyuve al incremento del nivel de vida y de las condiciones de trabajo de los obreros. En este trabajo se aplica el Modelo de los factores para el estudio de la productividad del trabajo en la industria de la construcción, en cuatro proyectos de vivienda masiva del tipo de interés social. Se realizaron mediciones de los trabajos efectuados en cuatro proyectos por sendas cuadrilla en el concepto muro a base de bloques de concreto. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con apoyo en la teoría para la evaluación de la productividad de la mano de obra, que se fundamenta en el concepto de la línea base de cada proyecto, la cual está relacionada básicamente con la complejidad del diseño. Esta relación se establece por medio de un modelo de regresión. Se definen dos índices con el objeto de medir la calidad en la ejecución de los trabajos: el índice de días de bajo ritmo (ISR y el índice de administración de proyecto (IAP. El primero mide el porcentaje de días de trabajo anormal o de baja productividad, y el segundo remueve la influencia del diseño en la medida de la productividad para mostrar el efecto de la organización y administración de la obra. Se desarrolla una metodología para la comparación de los cuatro proyectos, usando las curvas de probabilidad acumulada de IBR e lAR encontrándose que un proyecto dado puede presentar mejor desempeño en su ejecución, a pesar de tener cuantitativamente menor productividad, considerando la complejidad del trabajo por ejecutar.

Intestinal spirochetosis and colon diverticulosis Espiroquetose intestinal e diverticulose do cólon

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Marcus Aurelho de Lima

2005-02-01

Full Text Available A case of intestinal spirochetosis in a 62-year-old white male is reported. The condition was characterized by chronic flatulence and episodes of intestinal hemorrhage, in addition to the evidence of hypotonic diverticular disease, with a large number of slender organisms in the colon epithelium and cryptae. Spirochetes were demonstrated by Whartin-Starry stain. The serologic tests for syphilis and HIV were positive. Spirochetosis was treated with penicillin G, and the patient remains free of intestinal complaints 20 months later.Um caso de espiroquetose intestinal é relatado em um homem branco de 62 anos. A condição foi caracterizada por flatulência crônica e episódios de hemorragia intestinal, além da evidência de doença diverticular hipotônica dos cólons, com numerosos organismos filamentosos no epitélio e nas criptas do cólon. Os espiroquetas foram demonstrados pela coloração de Whartin-Starry. Os testes sorológicos para sífilis e HIV foram positivos. A espiroquetose foi tratada com penicilina G e o paciente permanece sem queixas intestinais após 20 meses.

Integración de procesos de negocio aplicando servicios web

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Darío Picón

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La Integración de Procesos de Negocio (Business Process Integration – BPI, utiliza una gran cantidad de servicios distribuidos, por lo que la comunicación entre estos servicios es clave para el buen funcionamiento del sistema. En este modelo de cooperación, la arquitectura Cliente-Servidor tradicional ya no es suficiente para la implementación de soluciones que soporten comunicación entre aplicaciones distribuidas, independientemente de la plataforma y del lenguaje de programación que utilizan estas aplicaciones. Por su parte, las Arquitecturas Orientadas a Servicios (Service Oriented Architectures - SOA proveen una estructura que posibilita el modelado de procesos y conexiones interorganizacionales. Mientras que la Gestión de Procesos de Negocio (Business Process Management - BPM es el conjunto de sistemas de software, herramientas y metodologías para gestionar tales requerimientos y, el Lenguaje de Ejecución de Procesos de Negocio (Business Process Execution Language - BPEL, es un lenguaje de orquestación de servicios que permite definir la forma en que cooperan entre sí los Servicios Web para alcanzar la lógica de negocio. En este escenario, existen buenas herramientas para asistir desde lo conceptual y desde lo práctico a la Integración de Procesos de Negocio aplicando Servicios Web. Entonces, la problemática se plantea al momento de vincular estas herramientas de manera apropiada para facilitar el proceso de definición e implementación de este tipo de sistemas y en particular, en el ámbito de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMEs.En este trabajo se propone un modelo que hace posible el BPI mediante Servicios Web de una manera ágil y practica, facilitando su implementación. El mismo será aplicado metodológicamente a un Caso de Estudio en el dominio de las PyMEs, con el propósito de evaluar su eficiencia, evidenciar sus beneficios y hallar oportunidades de mejora.

MEMORIAS DEL TRABAJO ANTE LOS PROCESOS DE PRIVATIZACIÓN EN ARGENTINA

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Hernán Palermo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es analizar de qué modo los procesos de privatización en Argentina implicaron la desestructuración de un orden sociolaboral y simbólico, que organizaba la vida de dos colectivos de trabajadores vinculados con la extracción de petróleo y la producción de acero. Realiza una reflexión sobre los sentidos y valores que se diputan en los procesos de construcción de la memoria, rastreando continuidades y rupturas. Como común denominador encuentra que el proceso privatizador, así como la conversión de los trabajadores en emprendedores, representa un punto de ruptura que dificulta y complejiza la transmisión de la experiencia.

Intestinal epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Coskun, Mehmet

2014-01-01

The intestinal epithelium has a strategic position as a protective physical barrier to luminal microbiota and actively contributes to the mucosal immune system. This barrier is mainly formed by a monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that are crucial in maintaining intestinal...... of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the role of the intestinal epithelium in IBD pathogenesis might contribute to an improved knowledge of the inflammatory processes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets....

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease).

Science.gov (United States)

Vignes, Stéphane; Bellanger, Jérôme

2008-02-22

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder characterized by dilated intestinal lacteals resulting in lymph leakage into the small bowel lumen and responsible for protein-losing enteropathy leading to lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. PIL is generally diagnosed before 3 years of age but may be diagnosed in older patients. Prevalence is unknown. The main symptom is predominantly bilateral lower limb edema. Edema may be moderate to severe with anasarca and includes pleural effusion, pericarditis or chylous ascites. Fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, inability to gain weight, moderate diarrhea or fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies due to malabsorption may also be present. In some patients, limb lymphedema is associated with PIL and is difficult to distinguish lymphedema from edema. Exsudative enteropathy is confirmed by the elevated 24-h stool alpha1-antitrypsin clearance. Etiology remains unknown. Very rare familial cases of PIL have been reported. Diagnosis is confirmed by endoscopic observation of intestinal lymphangiectasia with the corresponding histology of intestinal biopsy specimens. Videocapsule endoscopy may be useful when endoscopic findings are not contributive. Differential diagnosis includes constrictive pericarditis, intestinal lymphoma, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, intestinal tuberculosis, sarcoidosis or systemic sclerosis. Several B-cell lymphomas confined to the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, jejunum, midgut, ileum) or with extra-intestinal localizations were reported in PIL patients. A low-fat diet associated with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation is the cornerstone of PIL medical management. The absence of fat in the diet prevents chyle engorgement of the intestinal lymphatic vessels thereby preventing their rupture with its ensuing lymph loss. Medium-chain triglycerides are absorbed directly into the portal venous circulation and avoid lacteal overloading. Other inconsistently effective

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease

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Bellanger Jérôme

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL is a rare disorder characterized by dilated intestinal lacteals resulting in lymph leakage into the small bowel lumen and responsible for protein-losing enteropathy leading to lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. PIL is generally diagnosed before 3 years of age but may be diagnosed in older patients. Prevalence is unknown. The main symptom is predominantly bilateral lower limb edema. Edema may be moderate to severe with anasarca and includes pleural effusion, pericarditis or chylous ascites. Fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, inability to gain weight, moderate diarrhea or fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies due to malabsorption may also be present. In some patients, limb lymphedema is associated with PIL and is difficult to distinguish lymphedema from edema. Exsudative enteropathy is confirmed by the elevated 24-h stool α1-antitrypsin clearance. Etiology remains unknown. Very rare familial cases of PIL have been reported. Diagnosis is confirmed by endoscopic observation of intestinal lymphangiectasia with the corresponding histology of intestinal biopsy specimens. Videocapsule endoscopy may be useful when endoscopic findings are not contributive. Differential diagnosis includes constrictive pericarditis, intestinal lymphoma, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, intestinal tuberculosis, sarcoidosis or systemic sclerosis. Several B-cell lymphomas confined to the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, jejunum, midgut, ileum or with extra-intestinal localizations were reported in PIL patients. A low-fat diet associated with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation is the cornerstone of PIL medical management. The absence of fat in the diet prevents chyle engorgement of the intestinal lymphatic vessels thereby preventing their rupture with its ensuing lymph loss. Medium-chain triglycerides are absorbed directly into the portal venous circulation and avoid lacteal overloading. Other

El proceso de incapacitación en los casos de enfermedad mental

OpenAIRE

Gómez López, Samanta

2012-01-01

El proceso de incapacitación es un proceso legal con una fuerte base psicológica y es un concepto que se puede abordar desde las dos perspectivas. Este trabajo expone el estudio de los diferentes trastornos psicológicos que pueden influir para incapacitar a un sujeto.

Procesos agroecológicos, en Ventaquemada Boyacá

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Francisco Gracía

2011-10-01

Full Text Available La agroecología se debe entender como la interacción de factorespolíticos, sociales, culturales, económicos, medio ambientales, educativos y tecnológicos, así como de los procesos productivos que trazan el derrotero en el desarrollo de los pueblos. Mientras que la agricultura convencional estableció parámetros diferentesde producción, que alejaron la actividad agropecuaria del concepto de agroecología y la convirtieron en un negocio donde el deterioro de los recursos naturales es consecuencia del proceso productivo. De esta manera el presente trabajo busca identificar y analizar los contextos agroecológicos sucedidos en la vereda Supatá en Ventaquemada – Boyacá, que han influido en las familias. Para esto se establecieron como técnicas y herramientas la consulta dedocumentos estadísticos, talleres participativos, matriz (Dofa, mapeo, mapa de redes, matriz de plan acción, entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación no participante y diarios de campo. Así, se pudo establecer que las actividades agrícolas marcan el comportamiento de las personas, dejando notar que la agricultura de revolución verde, propuesta como proceso agroindustrial, promueve el individualismo a partir del monocultivo.

A etiological factors in mechanical intestinal obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asad, S.; Khan, H.; Khan, I.A.; Ghaffar, S.; Rehman, Z.U.

2012-01-01

Background: Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. The most frequent causes of intestinal obstruction are postoperative adhesions and hernias, which cause extrinsic compression of the intestine. Less frequently, tumours or strictures of the bowel can cause intrinsic blockage. Objective of the study was to find out the various a etiological factors of mechanical intestinal obstruction and to evaluate the morbidity and mortality in adult patients presenting to Surgical 'A' unit of Ayub teaching hospital with mechanical intestinal obstruction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2009 to September, 2009. All patients presenting with intestinal obstruction and were above the age of 12 years were included in the study. Patients with non-mechanical obstruction were excluded from the study and those who responded to conservative measures were also excluded. Results: A total of 36 patients with age ranging from 12 to 80 years (Mean age 37.72+-19.74 years) and male to female ratio of 1.77:1, were treated for mechanical intestinal obstruction. The most common cause for mechanical intestinal obstruction was adhesions (36.1%). Intestinal tuberculosis was the second most common cause (19.4%), while hernias and sigmoid volvulus affected 13.9% patients each. Malignancies were found in 5.6% cases. Conclusion: Adhesions and Tuberculosis are the leading causes of mechanical intestinal obstruction in Pakistan. Although some patients can be treated conservatively, a substantial portion requires immediate surgical intervention. (author)

La movilidad social de los emigrantes españoles en Europa

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Antonio Alaminos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La migración española de la segunda mitad del siglo XX se ha caracterizado en un primer momento por su carácter masivo y poco cualificado, seguido por un interregno de procesos de retorno y finalmente por una migración estable, no masiva pero altamente cualificada. La atención prestada a la inmigración masiva que recibe España a finales del siglo XX relegó a un segundo plano esta emigración cualificada de españoles. En este artículo se considera la relación entre movilidad espacial (migración de españoles y su posible consecuencia sobre la movilidad social ascendente que experimentan. Para ello se utilizan los datos procedentes de la encuesta internacional EIMSS (European Internal Migrations Social Survey y los procedimientos de escalamiento de clase social basados en la ocupación de Goldthorpe. El análisis se complementa con una simulación sobre la movilidad de clase, con la finalidad de visualizar y comparar los efectos sobre la movilidad social de la emigración de españoles a Francia, Alemania, Italia y Gran Bretaña.

The extent of intestinal failure-associated liver disease in patients referred for intestinal rehabilitation is associated with increased mortality: an analysis of the pediatric intestinal failure consortium database.

Science.gov (United States)

Javid, Patrick J; Oron, Assaf P; Duggan, Christopher; Squires, Robert H; Horslen, Simon P

2017-09-05

The advent of regional multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation programs has been associated with improved survival in pediatric intestinal failure. Yet, the optimal timing of referral for intestinal rehabilitation remains unknown. We hypothesized that the degree of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) at initiation of intestinal rehabilitation would be associated with overall outcome. The multicenter, retrospective Pediatric Intestinal Failure Consortium (PIFCon) database was used to identify all subjects with baseline bilirubin data. Conjugated bilirubin (CBili) was used as a marker for IFALD, and we stratified baseline bilirubin values as CBili4 mg/dL. The association between baseline CBili and mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression. Of 272 subjects in the database, 191 (70%) children had baseline bilirubin data collected. 38% and 28% of patients had CBili >4 mg/dL and CBili 4 mg/dL, prematurity, race, and small bowel atresia. On regression analysis controlling for age, prematurity, and diagnosis, the risk of mortality was increased by 3-fold for baseline CBili 2-4 mg/dL (HR 3.25 [1.07-9.92], p=0.04) and 4-fold for baseline CBili >4 mg/dL (HR 4.24 [1.51-11.92], p=0.006). On secondary analysis, CBili >4 mg/dL at baseline was associated with a lower chance of attaining enteral autonomy. In children with intestinal failure treated at intestinal rehabilitation programs, more advanced IFALD at referral is associated with increased mortality and decreased prospect of attaining enteral autonomy. Early referral of children with intestinal failure to intestinal rehabilitation programs should be strongly encouraged. Treatment Study, Level III. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[An experimental assessment of methods for applying intestinal sutures in intestinal obstruction].

Science.gov (United States)

Akhmadudinov, M G

1992-04-01

The results of various methods used in applying intestinal sutures in obturation were studied. Three series of experiments were conducted on 30 dogs--resection of the intestine after obstruction with the formation of anastomoses by means of double-row suture (Albert--Shmiden--Lambert) in the first series (10 dogs), by a single-row suture after V. M. Mateshchuk [correction of Mateshuku] in the second series, and bu a single-row stretching suture suggested by the author in the third series. The postoperative complications and the parameters of physical airtightness of the intestinal anastomosis were studied in dynamics in the experimental animals. The results of the study: incompetence of the anastomosis sutures in the first series 6, in the second 4, and in the third series one. Adhesions occurred in all animals of the first and second series and in 2 of the third series. Six dogs of the first series died, 4 of the second, and one of the third. Study of the dynamics of the results showed a direct connection of the complications with the parameters of the physical airtightness of the anastomosis, and the last-named with the method of the intestinal suture. Relatively better results were noted in formation of the anastomosis by means of our suggested stretshing continuous suture passed through the serous, muscular, and submucous coats of the intestine.

El proceso emprendedor en Chile

OpenAIRE

José Miguel Benavente

2004-01-01

Este estudio analiza los factores que afectan en forma positiva y negativa el proceso de creación de emprendimientos dinámicos en Chile. Se basa en una encuesta a 200 empresas jóvenes, la cual es parte de una muestra de casi 2000 empresas de América Latina. El presente estudio se enfoca básicamente en el segmento de nuevos emprendimientos existentes en Chile.

Update on small intestinal stem cells

OpenAIRE

Tesori, Valentina; Puglisi, Maria Ausiliatrice; Lattanzi, Wanda; Gasbarrini, Giovanni Battista; Gasbarrini, Antonio

2013-01-01

Among somatic stem cells, those residing in the intestine represent a fascinating and poorly explored research field. Particularly, somatic stem cells reside in the small intestine at the level of the crypt base, in a constant balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Aim of the present review is to delve into the mechanisms that regulate the delicate equilibrium through which intestinal stem cells orchestrate intestinal architecture. To this aim, special focus will be addressed to id...

Proceso de fundición en espuma perdida para la fabricación de autopartes

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PATRICIA FERNÁNDEZ M.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El proceso de fundición a la espuma perdida (FEP, es uno de los procesos de fundición preferidos en la actualidad cuando se trata de fabricar piezas de geometría intrincada, estrechas tolerancias dimensionales y buenos acabados superficiales. Cobral Ltda. es una empresa del sector metalmecánico situada en la ciudad de Medellín que desde el año 2000 se ha dedicado a la producción de piezas automotrices en fundición gris y nodular por el proceso FEP. Sin embargo, desde la puesta en marcha del proceso se obtuvieron altos porcentajes de rechazo, entre el 20% y el 50%. El estudio de las variables del proceso y su adecuado control en las diferentes etapas, permitió la minimización de los porcentajes de rechazo y un aumento en la productividad de la planta. Se describen las etapas del proceso FEP y algunos de los aspectos más relevantes de la optimización realizada.

Desarrollo de simuladores para procesos industriales. Parte I. (Colada continua

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Ramírez, A.

2006-06-01

Full Text Available This work was written for illustrating the development of computer simulators for production process. As an example a simulator for continuous casting process was made, this is the most popular method to produce some steel products like billets and slabs. The simulator (SSCC was programmed by the present authors in C++; but mathematical procedures, algorithms and flow charts shown here can be used as a base in any other programming language. This is the first part of the work; it is focused to the development of some computational tools to describe the real continuous casting process

Este trabajo se realiza con el objeto de ilustrar el desarrollo de simuladores para procesos industriales; como ejemplo se realizó un sistema de simulación para representar el proceso de colada continua que es el proceso más común para la producción de perfiles de acero. El sistema de simulación para colada continua (SSCC fue programado por los presentes autores en lenguaje C++; sin embargo, los procedimientos matemáticos, algoritmos y diagramas de flujo ilustrados en este trabajo pueden ser programados en cualquier lenguaje de programación. Esta primera parte del trabajo se enfoca a desarrollar herramientas de cálculo para representar lo que sucede físicamente durante el proceso de colada continua.

Efecto de la aplicación de la vacuna antirrábica en canes vacunados durante la campaña de vacunación antirrábica masiva en Lima, Perú en 1993

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Augusto Rodríguez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se determinó la respuesta inmune posterior a las campañas de vacunación antirrábica masiva realizadas en 19 distritos de la ciudad de Lima. El método utilizado fue la titulación de anticuerpos antirrábicos mediante la prueba de seroneutralización en ratón, técnica que fue aplicado a un muestreo significativo de sueros sanguíneos de la población de canes vacunados. Se tomaron al azar 54 muestras de canes mordedores que ingresaron al Centro Antirrábico de Lima para ser observados clínicamente por un periodo de 10 días. De las 54 muestras de suero que se sometieron a la prueba, 28 (52% fueron positivos (títulos de 0,5-8,39 UI/ml, mientras que las 26 (48% muestras restantes dieron títulos inferiores a 0,5 UI/ml y otros fueron negativos a la prueba. El grupo etáreo de mayor muestreo correspondió a la población de canes de más riesgo (1-3 años de edad. En este grupo etáreo, 14 canes (26% presentaron sueros con títulos de protección, mientras que en 18 canes (33% la prueba fue negativa. En lo referente al sexo, el grupo de canes machos (considerados de mayor riesgo presentaron mayor número de individuos (44 canes respecto al grupo de hembras (10 canes y solo en 24 canes machos (45% dieron títulos de protección antirrábica. En conclusión, podemos decir que el 52% de canes vacunados durante las anteriores campañas de vacunación antirrábica masiva en la ciudad de Lima, en 1993, tuvieron títulos de anticuerpos protectores contra el virus de la rabia.

Prophylactic Ozone Administration Reduces Intestinal Mucosa Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Rat

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Ozkan Onal

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objectives. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with mucosal damage and has a high rate of mortality. Various beneficial effects of ozone have been shown. The aim of the present study was to show the effects of ozone in ischemia reperfusion model in intestine. Material and Method. Twenty eight Wistar rats were randomized into four groups with seven rats in each group. Control group was administered serum physiologic (SF intraperitoneally (ip for five days. Ozone group was administered 1 mg/kg ozone ip for five days. Ischemia Reperfusion (IR group underwent superior mesenteric artery occlusion for one hour and then reperfusion for two hours. Ozone + IR group was administered 1 mg/kg ozone ip for five days and at sixth day IR model was applied. Rats were anesthetized with ketamine∖xyzlazine and their intracardiac blood was drawn completely and they were sacrificed. Intestinal tissue samples were examined under light microscope. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD, catalase (CAT, glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px, malondyaldehide (MDA, and protein carbonyl (PCO were analyzed in tissue samples. Total oxidant status (TOS, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC were analyzed in blood samples. Data were evaluated statistically by Kruskal Wallis test. Results. In the ozone administered group, degree of intestinal injury was not different from the control group. IR caused an increase in intestinal injury score. The intestinal epithelium maintained its integrity and decrease in intestinal injury score was detected in Ozone + IR group. SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT values were high in ozone group and low in IR. TOS parameter was highest in the IR group and the TAC parameter was highest in the ozone group and lowest in the IR group. Conclusion. In the present study, IR model caused an increase in intestinal injury.In the present study, ozone administration had an effect improving IR associated tissue injury. In the present study, ozone therapy

Beneficios de la aplicación de normas internacionales ISO en procesos electorales

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Jeffrey Badí Quinteros Basantes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentarán los beneficios de la aplicabilidad de las normas internacionales ISO en los procesos electorales, con el fin de poder elevar los niveles de percepción positiva de los ciudadanos. Se verificará la aplicación de normas ISO/TS 17582:2014, Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad y la norma ISO/IEC 27001:2013, para todas las fases de un proceso electoral. Se expondrán los dominios que forman parte de la norma ISO/TS 17582:2014 , los cuales permiten un proceso de mejoramiento continuo a fin de garantizar la calidad de las metodologías que soportan la organización, administración, gestión, seguimiento y auditorías de un proceso electoral. La norma ISO/IEC 27001:2013 se alinea con la norma ISO9001:2008 para la gestión de seguridad de la información. La aplicación de esta normativa permitirá asegurar la integridad, confidencialidad y disponibilidad de la información durante los procesos electorales.

LA CLAVE DEL ÉXITO DE UN PROCESO DE AUTOEVALUACIÓN: SU EQUIPO

OpenAIRE

Gutiérrez Huby, Ana María

2014-01-01

La experiencia obtenida en la conducción del proceso de autoevaluación de la Facultad de Ciencias Contables de esta universidad, el cual se encuentra en su fase final, nos da la certeza de expresar con mayor seguridad la importancia plena del rol que desempeñan los equipos de autoevaluación, ya que como ejecutores del proceso, tienen la responsabilidad de llevar a cabo de manera permanente y comprometida todas las acciones que involucra el proceso en todas las etapas del mismo. Por ello ...

Aplicaciones informáticas para soporte de los procesos electorales

OpenAIRE

Brossard Castillo, Jaime Alejandro; Brossard Castillo, Jaime Alejandro

2008-01-01

Los Procesos Electorales se realizan periódicamente y tienen como finalidad elegir las autoridades que gobernarán los destinos del país a nivel nacional, regional y local. Desde una perspectiva individual, cada elector participa y espera que su voto sea considerado adecuadamente, debiendo depositar su confianza en las Instituciones que administran los procesos que se ejecutan en el Sistema Electoral, siendo el factor tiempo de respuesta de la emisión de los resultados de vital importancia par...

Very late onset small intestinal B cell lymphoma associated with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia and diffuse cutaneous warts

OpenAIRE

Bouhnik, Y; Etienney, I; Nemeth, J; Thevenot, T; Lavergne-Slove, A; Matuchansky, C

2000-01-01

As only a handful of lymphoma cases have been reported in conjunction with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, it is not yet clear if this association is merely fortuitous or related to primary intestinal lymphangiectasia induced immune deficiency. We report on two female patients, 50 and 58 years old, who developed small intestinal high grade B cell lymphoma a long time (45 and 40 years, respectively) after the initial clinical manifestations of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. They pre...

The effect of fucoidan on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats with breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Xue, Meilan; Ji, Xinqiang; Liang, Hui; Liu, Ying; Wang, Bing; Sun, Lingling; Li, Weiwei

2018-02-21

Recent research studies have shown that the intestinal flora are related to the occurrence and progress of breast cancer. This study investigates the effect of fucoidan on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancers. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control group, the model group, and the F1 and F2 groups, which were fed fucoidan at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg per kg bw (body weight), respectively. Intestinal histopathological analysis was performed and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to provide an overview of the intestinal flora composition. The contents of d-lactic acid (d-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO) and endotoxin in plasma were detected by ELISA. Expression levels of the tight junction (TJ) proteins, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 were measured using western blotting. Our results suggested that the intestinal wall of the model group was damaged. However, after fucoidan intervention, the villi were gradually restored. ELISA showed that the levels of plasma endotoxin, d-LA and DAO decreased in the F1 and F2 groups compared to those in the model group. Fucoidan treatment also increased the expressions of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-8. Furthermore, the expression levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 were upregulated in fucoidan treatment groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing indicated that fucoidan increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota and induced changes in microbial composition, with the increased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes phylum ratio. In conclusion, the supplement of fucoidan could improve the fecal microbiota composition and repair the intestinal barrier function. The study suggested the use of fucoidan as an intestinal flora modulator for potential prevention of breast cancer.

Seguimiento de un proceso de fermentación en una bodega del Penedés

OpenAIRE

Carrillo Pujante, Míriam

2007-01-01

El proyecto trata del proceso de elaboración del vino, concretamente del proceso de fermentación alcohólica. Dicho proceso tiene una gran importancia ya que durante éste es cuando se produce la transformación del azúcar en alcohol mediante levaduras. Durante la fermentación alcohólica hay que realizar una serie de controles, análisis, para ver si dicho proceso sigue en marcha o se ha parado. Y además, los análisis son para comprobar que los parámetros como la acidez, ...

[Morphological changes of the intestine in experimental acute intestinal infection in the treatment of colloidal silver].

Science.gov (United States)

Polov'ian, E S; Chemich, N D; Moskalenko, R A; Romaniuk, A N

2012-06-01

At the present stage of infectionist practice in the treatment of acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms, colloidal silver is used with a particle size of 25 nm as an alternative to conventional causal therapy. In 32 rats, distributed in 4 groups of 8 animals each (intact; healthy, got colloidal silver; with a modeled acute intestinal infection in the basic treatment and with the addition of colloidal silver), histological examination was performed of small and large intestine of rats. Oral administration of colloidal silver at a dose of 0.02 mg/day to intact rats did not lead to changes in morphometric parameters compared to the norm, and during early convalescence in rats with acute intestinal infections were observed destructive and compensatory changes in the intestine, which depended on the treatment regimen. With the introduction of colloidal silver decreased activity of the inflammatory process and the severity of morphological changes in tissues of small and large intestine, indicating that the positive effect of study drug compared with baseline therapy.

Activated STAT5 Confers Resistance to Intestinal Injury by Increasing Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and Regeneration

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Shila Gilbert

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs control the intestinal homeostatic response to inflammation and regeneration. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. Cytokine-STAT5 signaling regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis and responses to injury. We link STAT5 signaling to IESC replenishment upon injury by depletion or activation of Stat5 transcription factor. We found that depletion of Stat5 led to deregulation of IESC marker expression and decreased LGR5+ IESC proliferation. STAT5-deficient mice exhibited worse intestinal histology and impaired crypt regeneration after γ-irradiation. We generated a transgenic mouse model with inducible expression of constitutively active Stat5. In contrast to Stat5 depletion, activation of STAT5 increased IESC proliferation, accelerated crypt regeneration, and conferred resistance to intestinal injury. Furthermore, ectopic activation of STAT5 in mouse or human stem cells promoted LGR5+ IESC self-renewal. Accordingly, STAT5 promotes IESC proliferation and regeneration to mitigate intestinal inflammation. STAT5 is a functional therapeutic target to improve the IESC regenerative response to gut injury.

Radiation-induced recurrent intestinal pseudo-obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conklin, J.L.; Anuras, S.

1981-01-01

The syndrome of intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a complex of signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without evidence of mechanical obstruction of the intestinal lumen. A patient with radiation-induced intestinal pseudoobstruction is described. The patient is a 74-year old woman with a history of chronic diarrhea, recurrent episodes of crampy abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting since receiving a 13,000 rad radiation dose to the pelvis in 1954. She has been hospitalized on many occasions for symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction. Upper gastrointestinal contrast roentgenograms with small bowel follow-through done during these episodes revealed multiple dilated loops of small bowel with no obstructing lesion. Barium enemas revealed no obstructing lesion. Each episode resolved with conservative therapy. Other secondary causes for intestinal pseudo-obstruction were ruled out in our patient. She gave no history of familial gastrointestinal disorders. Although postirradiation motility abnormalities have been demonstrated experimentally this is the first report of radiation induced intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Fish oil enhances recovery of intestinal microbiota and epithelial integrity in chronic rejection of intestinal transplant.

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Qiurong Li

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The intestinal chronic rejection (CR is the major limitation to long-term survival of transplanted organs. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between intestinal microbiota and epithelial integrity in chronic rejection of intestinal transplantation, and to find out whether fish oil enhances recovery of intestinal microbiota and epithelial integrity. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The luminal and mucosal microbiota composition of CR rats were characterized by DGGE analysis at 190 days after intestinal transplant. The specific bacterial species were determined by sequence analysis. Furthermore, changes in the localization of intestinal TJ proteins were examined by immunofluorescent staining. PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that gut microbiota in CR rats had a shift towards Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp and Clostridium spp and a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillales bacteria in the intestines. Fish oil supplementation could enhance the recovery of gut microbiota, showing a significant decrease of gut bacterial proportions of E. coli and Bacteroides spp and an increase of Lactobacillales spp. In addition, CR rats showed pronounced alteration of tight junction, depicted by marked changes in epithelial cell ultrastructure and redistribution of occuldin and claudins as well as disruption in TJ barrier function. Fish oil administration ameliorated disruption of epithelial integrity in CR, which was associated with an improvement of the mucosal structure leading to improved tight junctions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study have presented novel evidence that fish oil is involved in the maintenance of epithelial TJ integrity and recovery of gut microbiota, which may have therapeutic potential against CR in intestinal transplantation.

Lipo sarcoma in small intestine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez Iglesias, J.; Pineyro Gutierrez, A.; Taroco Medeiros, L.; Fein Kolodny, C.; Navarrete Pedocchi, H.

1987-01-01

A case is presented by primitive liposarcoma in small intestine , an extensive bibliographical review foreigner and national in this case. It detach the exceptional of the intestinal topography of the liposarcomas; and making stress in the relative value of the computerized tomography and ultrasonography in the diagnose of the small intestine tumors . As well as in the sarcomas of another topography, chemo and radiotherapy associated to the exeresis surgery, it can be of benefit [es

[Intrauterine intestinal volvulus].

Science.gov (United States)

Gawrych, Elzbieta; Chojnacka, Hanna; Wegrzynowski, Jerzy; Rajewska, Justyna

2009-07-01

Intrauterine intestinal volvulus is an extremely rare case of acute congenital intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis is usually possible in the third trimester of a pregnancy. Fetal midgut volvulus is most likely to be recognized by observing a typical clockwise whirlpool sign during color Doppler investigation. Multiple dilated intestinal loops with fluid levels are usually visible during the antenatal ultrasound as well. Physical and radiographic findings in the newborn indicate intestinal obstruction and an emergency surgery is required. The authors describe intrauterine volvulus in 3 female newborns in which surgical treatment was individualized. The decision about primary or delayed anastomosis after resection of the gangrenous part of the small bowel was made at the time of the surgery and depended on the general condition of the newborn, as well as presence or absence of meconium peritonitis. Double loop jejunostomy was performed in case of two newborns, followed by a delayed end-to-end anastomosis. In case of the third newborn, good blood supply of the small intestine after untwisting and 0.25% lignocaine injections into mesentery led to the assumption that the torsion was not complete and ischemia was reversible. In the two cases of incomplete rotation the cecum was sutured to the left abdominal wall to prevent further twisting. The postoperative course was uneventful and oral alimentation caused no problems. Physical development of all these children has been normal (current age: 1-2 years) and the parents have not observed any disorders or problems regarding passage of food through the alimentary canal. Prompt antenatal diagnosis of this surgical emergency and adequate choice of intervention may greatly reduce mortality due to intrauterine volvulus.

Políticas educativas, educación superior y proceso de Bolonia en Latinoamérica

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César Geronimo Tello

2015-10-01

Full Text Available En Latinoamérica el proceso de Bolonia se presenta como una provocación para pensar y reflexionar sobre la necesidad de consolidación del espacio de Educación Superior en nuestra región. Del mismo modo, este proceso europeo fue asumiendo un rol director en la globalización neoliberal en la Educación Superior de nuestros contextos académicos. Por lo tanto en este artículo argumentamos que la Educación Superior Europea en el marco del proceso de Bolonia ha sido considerada un gran éxito para aquellas latitudes, sin embargo, del mismo modo que algunos investigadores y profesores europeos nosotros lo conceptualizamos como el proceso de estandarización y homogenización de la potencialidad del conocimiento. A diferencia de Bolonia, pensamos en un proceso de integración de la Educación Superior como un proceso de intercambio desde la solidaridad académica

Exercise and the gastro-intestinal tract

African Journals Online (AJOL)

on perfonnance and me value of cardiovascular training in improving performance in aerobic sports is well recognised. The role of me gastro-intestinal tracr, bom as a limiting and sustaining facror in aerobic exercises, is less well appreciared. Gastro-intestinal symptoms. The spectrum of gastro-intestinal effecrs of exercise ...

La finalidad del proceso

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Iván Alfonso Cordero Gutiérrez

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen:El tipo de Estado que Colombia asumió desde 1991 (Estado Social de Derecho, implica que el cumplimiento de los fines estatales se comparten con la población, generando de esta forma grados de responsabilidad respecto a las cargas asumidas por ellos y el Estado para la materialización de los objetivos planteados. La satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de la población como unode los fines esenciales del Estado Social de Derecho, no escapa a este esquema, lo que determina la colaboración armónica no sólo entre las entidades y organismos del Estado sino de este, complementado con la población. Una de las necesidades básicas de la población, se refiere a la posibilidad de resolver sus conflictos haciendo uso de los mecanismos que para tal efecto tiene a su disposición, utilizando las formas de Auto tutela, Autocomposición, híbridas y de Heterocomposiciòn, que el Estado autoriza,de acuerdo a los lineamientos propios de cada mecanismo, respecto a las materias que componen los derechos sustanciales que se debaten en la relación conflictiva. Dentro de estos mecanismos de solución de conflictos, la heterocomposiciòn presenta uno llamado el proceso jurisdiccional, en donde un tercero investido de poderes específicos ejerce la jurisdicción y toma la decisión respecto al conflicto, después del agotamiento de etapas sucesivas y preclusivas que garantizan la efectiva participación, ejercicio y defensa de los derechos fundamentales y sustanciales de las partes, generando una mayor garantía de legalidad respecto a la decisión generada por ese tercero investido de plena Jurisdicción (el Juez. Por ser el proceso jurisdiccional el mecanismo más idóneo por su garantismo reglado y tecnificado, debe ser protegido, fortalecido y preferente respecto a los denominados equivalentesjurisdiccionales pues con estos el Estado pretende desplazar la competencia al momento de la resolución de los conflictos, generando un

Epidermal Growth Factor and Intestinal Barrier Function

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Xiaopeng Tang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Epidermal growth factor (EGF is a 53-amino acid peptide that plays an important role in regulating cell growth, survival, migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, EGF has been established to be an effective intestinal regulator helping to protect intestinal barrier integrity, which was essential for the absorption of nutrients and health in humans and animals. Several researches have demonstrated that EGF via binding to the EGF receptor and subsequent activation of Ras/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, PLC-γ/PKC, and STATS signal pathways regulates intestinal barrier function. In this review, the relationship between epidermal growth factor and intestinal development and intestinal barrier is described, to provide a better understanding of the effects of EGF on intestine development and health.

Thyroid hormone regulation of adult intestinal stem cells: Implications on intestinal development and homeostasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Guihong; Roediger, Julia; Shi, Yun-Bo

2016-12-01

Organ-specific adult stem cells are essential for organ homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration. The formation of such stem cells often takes place during postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when plasma thyroid hormone concentration is high. The life-long self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium has made mammalian intestine a valuable model to study the function and regulation and adult stem cells. On the other hand, much less is known about how the adult intestinal stem cells are formed during vertebrate development. Here, we will review some recent progresses on this subject, focusing mainly on the formation of the adult intestine during Xenopus metamorphosis. We will discuss the role of thyroid hormone signaling pathway in the process and potential molecular conservations between amphibians and mammals as well as the implications in organ homeostasis and human diseases.

Isotopic identification of intestinal strangulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, M.C.; Selby, J.B.

1982-01-01

A small series of eleven dogs prepared with a strangulating segment of jejunum demonstrated that a radionuclide, 99 mTc-labelled albumin, concentrates in the lumen and bowel wall of the affected intestinal segment. Modern scanning equipment accurately localized the strangulating loop. This technique has the potential of identifying patients with intestinal obstruction, in whom strangulation is a factor, prior to the development of impaired arterial inflow and frank gangrene. These findings confirmed earlier obstructions that were reported when nuclear scanning instrumentation was less sophisticated. Identification of patients at risk for intestinal strangulation requires a high index of suspicion. Excruciating cramping abdominal pain out of proportion to physical findings, roentgenogram evidence, and laboratory studies should alert the physician to the possibility of intestinal ischemia and closed loop obstruction. Radionuclide scanning in such cases may be of assistance in defining or excluding the diagnosis of a strangulating mechanism. The test is simple, relatively economical, and represents a low risk procedure to patients. It would have no place when the classic physical and laboratory findings of intestinal infarction are present

Isotopic identification of intestinal strangulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, M.C.; Selby, J.B.

1982-12-01

A small series of eleven dogs prepared with a strangulating segment of jejunum demonstrated that a radionuclide, /sup 99/mTc-labelled albumin, concentrates in the lumen and bowel wall of the affected intestinal segment. Modern scanning equipment accurately localized the strangulating loop. This technique has the potential of identifying patients with intestinal obstruction, in whom strangulation is a factor, prior to the development of impaired arterial inflow and frank gangrene. These findings confirmed earlier obstructions that were reported when nuclear scanning instrumentation was less sophisticated. Identification of patients at risk for intestinal strangulation requires a high index of suspicion. Excruciating cramping abdominal pain out of proportion to physical findings, roentgenogram evidence, and laboratory studies should alert the physician to the possibility of intestinal ischemia and closed loop obstruction. Radionuclide scanning in such cases may be of assistance in defining or excluding the diagnosis of a strangulating mechanism. The test is simple, relatively economical, and represents a low risk procedure to patients. It would have no place when the classic physical and laboratory findings of intestinal infarction are present.

Enfoque para la gestión de procesos de negocio semánticos utilizando ontologías

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Edgar Tello-Leal

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Las oportunidades de mercado actuales y los avances en las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones, alientan a las organizaciones a establecer redes de colaboración. Las redes de colaboración consisten en relaciones entre organizaciones por un período de tiempo determinado para alcanzar objetivos de negocio comunes, lo cual implica una integración orientada a procesos entre organizaciones heterogéneas y autónomas, que debe ser alcanzada tanto en una perspectiva de negocio como en una perspectiva de implementación. La Gestión de Procesos de Negocio Semánticos es un enfoque que permite incrementar el nivel de automatización mediante el uso de ontologías y servicios Web, lo cual permite enfrentar los retos actuales de la Gestión de Procesos de Negocio, tales como descubrimiento de servicios, reutilización de procesos, y análisis de los procesos ejecutados. En este trabajo de investigación se presenta el diseño e implementación de un modelo de procesos de negocio, el cual es modelado usando el lenguaje BPMN y anotado semánticamente con conceptos de la ontología BPMO, permitiendo llevar a cabo el descubrimiento de servicios Web, fragmentación de procesos y reutilización de procesos, así como consultas sobre las instancias del modelo de proceso generadas mediante un razonador automático.

Small intestine aspirate and culture

Science.gov (United States)

... ency/article/003731.htm Small intestine aspirate and culture To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Small intestine aspirate and culture is a lab test to check for infection ...

Prenatal intestinal volvulus: look for cystic fibrosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Chouikh, Taieb; Mottet, Nicolas; Cabrol, Christelle; Chaussy, Yann

2016-12-21

Intestinal volvulus is a life-threatening emergency requiring prompt surgical management. Prenatal intestinal volvulus is rare, and most are secondary to intestinal atresia, mesenteric defect or without any underlying cause. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is known to cause digestive tract disorders. After birth, 10-15% of newborns with CF may develop intestinal obstruction within a few days of birth because of meconial ileus. 1 This obstruction is a result of dehydrated thickened meconium obstructing the intestinal lumen. We report two cases of fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of segmental volvulus in whom CF was diagnosed. 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Telescoping Intestine in an Adult

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Khaldoon Shaheen

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Protrusion of a bowel segment into another (intussusception produces severe abdominal pain and culminates in intestinal obstruction. In adults, intestinal obstruction due to intussusception is relatively rare phenomenon, as it accounts for minority of intestinal obstructions in this population demographic. Organic lesion is usually identifiable as the cause of adult intussusceptions, neoplasms account for the majority. Therefore, surgical resection without reduction is almost always necessary and is advocated as the best treatment of adult intussusception. Here, we describe a rare case of a 44-year-old male with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the terminal ileum, which had caused ileocolic intussusception and subsequently developed intestinal obstruction requiring surgical intervention. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing intussusception as the initial presentation for bowel malignancy.

Evidencia Empírica de la Minería de Procesos en la Implantación de CMMI-DEV

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Paola E. Velazquez-Solis

2016-11-01

Full Text Available La minería de procesos tiene como objetivo descubrir, monitorear y mejorar procesos a través del análisis de los diversos registros de eventos generados por los procesos de la organización. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la evidencia empírica de la inclusión estratégica de la disciplina de minería de procesos en proyectos de mejora de procesos de software implementados con CMMI. En el proceso de mapeo sistemático de la revisión de la literatura, se establecieron cuatro categorías para clasificar los hallazgos encontrados (Fundamentos teóricos, propuestas, herramientas y sistemas de información y algoritmos para presentar los estudios que cumplen con el objetivo. Se concluye que la interdisciplinariedad de la minería de procesos con un modelo de referencia de procesos como CMMI-DEV apoya la implementación y evaluación de las áreas de procesos, al aplicar técnicas y algoritmos de minería de procesos que faciliten la exploración y explotación de los registros de eventos relacionados a la ejecución de las actividades almacenados en un repositorio.

Intestinal volvulus in cetaceans.

Science.gov (United States)

Begeman, L; St Leger, J A; Blyde, D J; Jauniaux, T P; Lair, S; Lovewell, G; Raverty, S; Seibel, H; Siebert, U; Staggs, S L; Martelli, P; Keesler, R I

2013-07-01

Intestinal volvulus was recognized as the cause of death in 18 cetaceans, including 8 species of toothed whales (suborder Odontoceti). Cases originated from 11 institutions from around the world and included both captive (n = 9) and free-ranging (n = 9) animals. When the clinical history was available (n = 9), animals consistently demonstrated acute dullness 1 to 5 days prior to death. In 3 of these animals (33%), there was a history of chronic gastrointestinal illness. The pathological findings were similar to those described in other animal species and humans, and consisted of intestinal volvulus and a well-demarcated segment of distended, congested, and edematous intestine with gas and bloody fluid contents. Associated lesions included congested and edematous mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes, and often serofibrinous or hemorrhagic abdominal effusion. The volvulus involved the cranial part of the intestines in 85% (11 of 13). Potential predisposing causes were recognized in most cases (13 of 18, 72%) but were variable. Further studies investigating predisposing factors are necessary to help prevent occurrence and enhance early clinical diagnosis and management of the condition.

Importancia de las diferencias entre actividad-procedimiento-proceso para la autoevaluación institucional universitaria

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Hernando A. Romero

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Se refiere en una amplia reflexión, a que tener clara la diferencia de significados entre actividad, procedimiento-proceso, actividad social, proceso social y personal es muy importante en el campo de la autoevaluación institucional porque si no se reconocen sus diferencias, no se puede aludir correctamente lo que se entiende por actividad académica y las diferencias en el proceso pedagógico

Update on small intestinal stem cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Tesori, Valentina; Puglisi, Maria Ausiliatrice; Lattanzi, Wanda; Gasbarrini, Giovanni Battista; Gasbarrini, Antonio

2013-08-07

Among somatic stem cells, those residing in the intestine represent a fascinating and poorly explored research field. Particularly, somatic stem cells reside in the small intestine at the level of the crypt base, in a constant balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Aim of the present review is to delve into the mechanisms that regulate the delicate equilibrium through which intestinal stem cells orchestrate intestinal architecture. To this aim, special focus will be addressed to identify the integrating signals from the surrounding niche, supporting a model whereby distinct cell populations facilitate homeostatic vs injury-induced regeneration.

Short Bowel Syndrome, a Case of Intestinal Rehabilitation

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Dianna Ramírez Prada

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Case: The objective is to present the successful experience of multidisciplinary management of a patient with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure with progression to intestinal adaptation. This is a newly born premature with intestinal atresia type IV with multiple intestinal atresia who evolved to intestinal failure and required managed with prolonged parenteral nutritional support, multiple antibiotic schemes, prebiotics, multivitamins, enteral nutrition with elemental formula to achieve their adaptation intestinal until lead to a normal diet. The evolution of these patients intestinal failure is a challenge for the health team, as it not only involves the surgical management of your condition if not basic nutritional support, fluid and electrolyte balance, hepatic dysfunction cholestasis associated infections etc. Discussion: Short bowel syndrome with progression to intestinal failure in children is a condition whose prevalence is increasing worldwide, thanks to advances in neonatal intensive care, neonatal surgery, and nutritional support of patients with conditions such as gastroschisis, omphalocele and necrotizing enterocolitis. Despite the limitations of our health system, it is possible to offer a multidisciplinary and integrated to lead to intestinal adaptation treatment.

Memorias del trabajo ante los procesos de privatización en argentina

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Hernán Palermo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es analizar de qué modo los procesos de privatización en Argentina implicaron la desestructuración de un orden sociolaboral y simbólico, que organizaba la vida de dos colectivos de trabajadores vinculados con la extracción de petróleo y la producción de acero. Realiza una reflexión sobre los sentidos y valores que se diputan en los procesos de construcción de la memoria, rastreando continuidades y rupturas. Como común denominador encuentra que el proceso privatizador, así como la conversión de los trabajadores en emprendedores, representa un punto de ruptura que dificulta y complejiza la transmisión de la experiencia.

Precision cut intestinal slices are an appropriate ex vivo model to study NSAID-induced intestinal toxicity in rats

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Niu, Xiaoyu; de Graaf, Inge A. M.; van der Bij, Hendrik A.; Groothuis, Geny M. M.

2014-01-01

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used therapeutic agents, however, they are associated with a high prevalence of intestinal side effects. In this investigation, rat precision cut intestinal slices (PCIS) were evaluated as an ex vivo model to study NSAID-induced intestinal

INFANTS’ INTESTINAL COLICS. MODERN DATA

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N.I. Ursova

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes modern data on infants’ intestinal colics. Peculiarities of nutrition, intestinal microbiocenose in healthy infants, methods of colcs’ correction are discussed. Author describes the principles of probiotics choice based on their clinical effectiveness in infants. Milk formula «Nan Comfort» can be useful in prophylaxis and treatment of functional disorders of gastrointestinal tract in children.Key words: infants, gastrointestinal tract, anatomy, physiology, intestinal colics, nutrition, probiotics.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (2: 125–131

Role of intestinal bacteria in gliadin-induced changes in intestinal mucosa: study in germ-free rats.

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Jana Cinova

Full Text Available BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Celiac disease (CD is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine that is induced by dietary wheat gluten proteins (gliadins in genetically predisposed individuals. The overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria and infections has been suggested to contribute to CD pathogenesis. We aimed to study the effects of gliadin and various intestinal bacterial strains on mucosal barrier integrity, gliadin translocation, and cytokine production. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Changes in gut mucosa were assessed in the intestinal loops of inbred Wistar-AVN rats that were reared under germ-free conditions in the presence of various intestinal bacteria (enterobacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from CD patients and healthy children, respectively and CD-triggering agents (gliadin and IFN-γ by histology, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and a rat cytokine antibody array. Adhesion of the bacterial strains to the IEC-6 rat cell line was evaluated in vitro. Gliadin fragments alone or together with the proinflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN-γ significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the small intestine; this effect was more pronounced in the presence of Escherichia coli CBL2 and Shigella CBD8. Shigella CBD8 and IFN-γ induced the highest mucin secretion and greatest impairment in tight junctions and, consequently, translocation of gliadin fragments into the lamina propria. Shigella CBD8 and E. coli CBL2 strongly adhered to IEC-6 epithelial cells. The number of goblet cells in small intestine increased by the simultaneous incubation of Bifidobacterium bifidum IATA-ES2 with gliadin, IFN-γ and enterobacteria. B. bifidum IATA-ES2 also enhanced the production of chemotactic factors and inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which can contribute to gut mucosal protection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects the permeability of the intestinal mucosa

Gliadin, zonulin and gut permeability: Effects on celiac and non-celiac intestinal mucosa and intestinal cell lines.

Science.gov (United States)

Drago, Sandro; El Asmar, Ramzi; Di Pierro, Mariarosaria; Grazia Clemente, Maria; Tripathi, Amit; Sapone, Anna; Thakar, Manjusha; Iacono, Giuseppe; Carroccio, Antonio; D'Agate, Cinzia; Not, Tarcisio; Zampini, Lucia; Catassi, Carlo; Fasano, Alessio

2006-04-01

Little is known about the interaction of gliadin with intestinal epithelial cells and the mechanism(s) through which gliadin crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier. We investigated whether gliadin has any immediate effect on zonulin release and signaling. Both ex vivo human small intestines and intestinal cell monolayers were exposed to gliadin, and zonulin release and changes in paracellular permeability were monitored in the presence and absence of zonulin antagonism. Zonulin binding, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) redistribution were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Tight junction occludin and ZO-1 gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When exposed to gliadin, zonulin receptor-positive IEC6 and Caco2 cells released zonulin in the cell medium with subsequent zonulin binding to the cell surface, rearrangement of the cell cytoskeleton, loss of occludin-ZO1 protein-protein interaction, and increased monolayer permeability. Pretreatment with the zonulin antagonist FZI/0 blocked these changes without affecting zonulin release. When exposed to luminal gliadin, intestinal biopsies from celiac patients in remission expressed a sustained luminal zonulin release and increase in intestinal permeability that was blocked by FZI/0 pretreatment. Conversely, biopsies from non-celiac patients demonstrated a limited, transient zonulin release which was paralleled by an increase in intestinal permeability that never reached the level of permeability seen in celiac disease (CD) tissues. Chronic gliadin exposure caused down-regulation of both ZO-1 and occludin gene expression. Based on our results, we concluded that gliadin activates zonulin signaling irrespective of the genetic expression of autoimmunity, leading to increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules.

Kaiso overexpression promotes intestinal inflammation and potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Pierre, Christina C; Longo, Joseph; Mavor, Meaghan; Milosavljevic, Snezana B; Chaudhary, Roopali; Gilbreath, Ebony; Yates, Clayton; Daniel, Juliet M

2015-09-01

Constitutive Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a key contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC). Although inactivation of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is recognized as an early event in CRC development, it is the accumulation of multiple subsequent oncogenic insults facilitates malignant transformation. One potential contributor to colorectal carcinogenesis is the POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso, whose depletion extends lifespan and delays polyp onset in the widely used Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal cancer. These findings suggested that Kaiso potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis, but this was paradoxical as Kaiso was previously implicated as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To resolve Kaiso's role in intestinal tumorigenesis and canonical Wnt signaling, we generated a transgenic mouse model (Kaiso(Tg/+)) expressing an intestinal-specific myc-tagged Kaiso transgene. We then mated Kaiso(Tg/+) and Apc(Min/+) mice to generate Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice for further characterization. Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice exhibited reduced lifespan and increased polyp multiplicity compared to Apc(Min/+) mice. Consistent with this murine phenotype, we found increased Kaiso expression in human CRC tissue, supporting a role for Kaiso in human CRC. Interestingly, Wnt target gene expression was increased in Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice, suggesting that Kaiso's function as a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, as seen in Xenopus, is not maintained in this context. Notably, Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice exhibited increased inflammation and activation of NFκB signaling compared to their Apc(Min/+) counterparts. This phenotype was consistent with our previous report that Kaiso(Tg/+) mice exhibit chronic intestinal inflammation. Together our findings highlight a role for Kaiso in promoting Wnt signaling, inflammation and tumorigenesis in the mammalian intestine. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

La perestroika, un proceso direccional

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Edgardo Erazo Obando

1990-04-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta una visión diferente de las implicaciones, efectos y resultados  de un proceso histórico como lo es la Perestroika. Este término acuñado como propio en nuestra cultura occidental, ha representado para la Unión  Soviética y sus “países asociados” la transformación de los principios filosóficos, económicos, políticos y organizacionales. Es importante reconocer que el “cambio” cuando se realiza  en forma amplia produce en cualquier institución u organización el “fenómeno de resistencia”, para la Perestroika, este hecho  no ha sido extraño y, se ha constituido en uno de los grandes problemas a vencer, toda vez, que de él depende el éxito o fracaso del proceso de reestructuración. De todas formas, la mayor incidencia la recibirá el sector empresarial, que deberá transformarse a pasos de gigante para lograr niveles de eficiencia y productividad que garanticen el desarrollo de la política socio – económica del nuevo plan.  Ojalá esta transformación implique para la administración de una nueva teoría direccional

Proceso Editorial de la Revista Científica Ciencia Médica

OpenAIRE

Zenia Claros Coca

2013-01-01

El proceso editorial es una etapa crucial que tiene como objetivo garantizar la calidad y originalidad científica de los trabajos publicados. La Revista Científica Ciencia Médica logra todo este proceso gracias a un trabajo conjunto del comité editorial y al peer – review realizado por revisores expertos en el tema, los cuales llevan a cabo una revisión crítica y valoran el interés de los trabajos remitidos.

Herramienta para establecer y controlar Iniciativas de Mejora de Procesos con MoProSoft

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Dagoberto Cruz Sandoval

2015-02-01

Full Text Available La mejora de procesos software es una disciplina cuya premisa es que un proceso de calidad tiene como consecuencia lógica un producto software de calidad. En México, una industria software emergente y compuesta en su mayoría por micro y pequeñas empresas, ha empezado a incursionar en este tipo de disciplina utilizando el modelo mexicano de mejora de procesos conocido como MoProSoft, sin embargo la carencia de conocimiento y experiencia, hace de este tipo de proyectos algo complicado y desgastante. En el presente trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un marco de trabajo para las micro y pequeñas empresas desarrolladoras de software en México, el cual es apoyado por una herramienta llamada Kaizen que automatiza las fases básicas de una mejora de procesos: compromiso, evaluación, planeación e implementación basadas en los procesos, actividades, prácticas y roles definidos en MoProSoft. La herramienta tiene como objetivo principal proporcionar apoyo a las micro empresas en las iniciativas de mejora por medio de un marco de actividades automatizadas que guían sus pasos durante la ejecución del programa de mejora. Además, se presenta un caso de estudio y resultados cuantitativos de que con el uso de Kaizen cuatro micro empresas mexicanas vieron mejorados sus procesos de desarrollo de software instaurando las prácticas efectivas definidas por MoProSoft.

Modelización global del proceso de colada continua

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Barco, J.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available In the continuous casting process the contribution of complicated physical phenomena has an important effect in the final quality of the product and productivity of the process. Moreover, the different physical phenomena do not act in isolation, they interact in a coupled way affecting the quality of the semiproduct. Therefore, a correct design and setting is a work that requires a good knowledge of the different phenomena that are present and their interactions. In this work, a simulation methodology that solves all the process as a whole is presented, where the variables of the process are the only boundary conditions. The interactions between the different phenomena are solved with the use of commercial applications (FLUENT and ABAQUS and home developed models.

En el proceso de colada continua contribuyen complicados fenómenos físicos con un marcado efecto en la calidad final del producto y en la productividad del proceso. Además, los distintos fenómenos físicos no aparecen de forma aislada, sino que interactúan unos con otros de manera acoplada, afectando a la calidad del semiproducto. El correcto diseño y ajuste es, por lo tanto, una tarea que requiere un gran conocimiento tanto de los distintos fenómenos que intervienen como de sus interacciones. En este trabajo se presenta un novedoso método de simulación que resuelve el proceso en su conjunto, siendo las variables del proceso las únicas condiciones de contorno. Mediante la utilización conjunta de herramientas comerciales (FLUENT y ABAQUS y una serie de modelos de desarrollo propio se resuelven las interacciones entre los distintos fenómenos.

Los procesos de globalización y transferencia tecnológica

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Luis Murillo Orozco.

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presente un breve análisis del significado de globalización y de transferencia tecnológica, dos procesos indisolubles y concatenados entre sí que deben ser tomados como medios fundamentales y no como fines para enfrentar el giro de la competencia económica actual. Esta competencia se ha trasladado del ámbito empresarial y de país, al ámbito de la integración económica. Hay que tomar en cuenta que no Se puede lograr una buena posición en el ámbito internacional sin una buena y adecuada productividad, la cual sólo será posible con un eficiente proceso de transferencia tecnológica. En este trabajo se establecerán las características de mayor importancia de ambos procesos, tomando como referencia el caso centroamericano.

AUTOMATIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE PALETIZADO DE LA CELDA HAS-200

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Iván Mauricio Granada

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El sistema HAS-200 se ha desarrollado teniendo en cuenta las necesidades que la industria requiere en capacitación, dado los altos niveles de automatización que se están implantando. La versatilidad y diseño de este sistema logran representar una planta de fabricación con todos los procesos de una manera real, en este proyecto se abordo un proceso que en la versión actual de la maquina no se tenía contemplado, pero si hace parte de todas las industrias y es el final de cualquier línea de producción, el paletizado, que consiste en disponer los productos finales de tal manera que se facilite su proceso de embalaje, despacho y control de almacén. El desarrollo se fundamento en la base de datos que maneja la HAS-200, en esta se encuentra toda la información referente a la producción incluyendo la identificación del cliente para quien se ordeno el producto, que fue el parámetro escogido para realizar el proceso de paletizado. Como resultado se obtuvo una aplicación capaz de realizar la conexión con la base de datos, para accesarla y realizar la consulta pertinente además de visualizar  el estado del almacén, la automatización se implemento con un brazo robótico y los elementos de sensado e identificación del producto, alcanzando una autonomía total del proceso, obteniendo con esto un nuevo modulo para la celda de fabricación flexible, y cerrando por completo el ciclo de producción que se pretende emular mediante la HAS-200.

Retos de la ingeniería industrial en el desarrollo de procesos

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Oscar Fernando Castellanos

2002-05-01

Full Text Available En las diferentes especialidades de la ingeniería, tales como: ambiental, química, sanitaria, mecánica, de alimentos, etc., ha estado presente el diseño de procesos. En la actualidad, la ingeniería de procesos ha tenido que complementarse con conceptos aparentemente ajenos a su visión tradicional. donde se consideraba principalmente la productividad, el rendimiento y la rentabilidad, entre otros; es decir, eran muy importantes los objetivos de la empresa. Sin embargo, con el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías, como las telecomunicaciones, la ingeniería de nuevos materiales, la biotecnología, entre otras, se hace indispensable considerar enfoques novedosos en el diseño de procesos, tales como reingeniería, ingeniería inversa e ingeniería concurrente, los cuales están llamados a complementar el enfoque tradicional. Adicionalmente, las exigencias de un mercado fuertemente cambiante por las megatendencias de la globalización, la alta competitividad y la normatividad en cuanto al impacto social y ambiental principalmente (ejemplo: BPM - Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura, Normas ISO. plantean nuevos retos en el diseño de los procesos.

Teoría de restricciones para procesos de manufactura

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Gabriela Villagómez

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La empresa “Productos Alexander” fabricante de snacks de la ciudad de Quito, tiene un sistema de producción que no permite el abastecimiento de los pedidos de sus clientes reflejando un índice de servicio al cliente de 89,58% ya que sus procesos están trabajando con capacidades que no se encuentran correctamente programadas, en vista de tal razón el objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un sistema de mejora continua con el fin de aumentar y efectivizar específicamente la producción de snacks de papas fritas utilizando la Teoría de Restricciones (TOC como metodología científica. Se realizó la medición de capacidad de cada una de las operaciones que componen el proceso de elaboración de snacks y se identificó la restricción en el proceso de fritura, que no estaba trabajando el 100% del tiempo en la jornada diaria limitando así la capacidad de la fábrica, por lo que se optó por explotar la restricción para eliminarla. La propuesta planteada para explotar la restricción consiste en una mejor programación de la producción, reducción de lote de transferencia de proceso a proceso, programación de la cantidad de trabajo para cada uno de los operarios en la jornada, la preparación del proceso y la fijación de turnos en la hora de almuerzo de los operarios lo que contribuye a agilizar el proceso de fritura y permitir que trabaje a su máxima capacidad el 100% del tiempo.Dicha propuesta se puede considerar como una solución al problema y así mejorar los niveles de producción de la empresa, tomando en cuenta que en base a los indicadores de TOC el Beneficio Neto de la empresa aumentaría de $15 333.09 a $ 17 392.14 al cumplir en cantidad y a tiempo todos los pedidos de los clientes.Abstract:The company "Products Alexander" snack manufacturer in the city of Quito, has a production system that cannot supply customer orders, with a customer service index of 89,58%, also their processes are working with capabilities that

La frontera México-Estados Unidos: dinámicas transfronterizas y procesos de gobernanza

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María del Rosio Barajas Escamilla

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Bajo el proceso de la globalización y los procesos de integración regional, los espacios de frontera experimentan importantes cambios en sus funciones y en su escala de influencia. Así lo muestra la reconfiguración de los espacios fronterizos dentro de la Unión Europea, del Mercosur y en cierta medida en el marco del TLCAN. El objetivo particular del estudio es analizar las características que asume la reconfiguración del territorio de frontera entre México con Estados Unidos y sus nuevos procesos de gobernanza, donde los gobiernos multinivel (nivel trilateral, bilateral, federal, estatal, local y transfronterizo y los organismos privados y de la sociedad civil están llamados a jugar un nuevo papel en el proceso de construcción de una región transfronteriza.

Small intestinal sulphoxidation of albendazole.

Science.gov (United States)

Villaverde, C; Alvarez, A I; Redondo, P; Voces, J; Del Estal, J L; Prieto, J G

1995-05-01

1. The in vitro sulphoxidation of Albendazole (ABZ) by rat intestinal microsomes has been examined. The results revealed intestinal sulphoxidation of ABZ by intestinal microsomes in a NADPH-dependent enzymatic system. The kinetic constants for sulphoxidase activity were Vmax = 46 pmol/min/mg protein and Michaelis constant Km = 6.8 microM. 2. The possible effect of inducers (Arochlor 1254 and ABZ pretreatment) and inhibitors (erythromycin, methimazole, carbon monoxide and fenbendazole), was also studied. In rat pretreated with Arochlor 1254, Vmax was 52 pmol/min/mg protein, whereas oral administration of ABZ increased the intestinal sulphoxidation of the drug, Vmax being 103 pmol/min/mg protein. 3. Erythromycin did not change the enzymatic bioconversion of ABZ, but methimazole and carbon monoxide inhibited the enzyme activity by approximately 60 and 30% respectively. Fenbendazole (a structural analogue of ABZ) was a competitive inhibitor of the sulphoxidation process, characterized by a Ki or 69 microM. 4. These data demonstrate that the intestinal enzymes contributing to the initial sulphoxidation of ABZ may be similar to the hepatic enzymes involved in the biotransformation process by the P450 and FMO systems, a conclusion that needs to be further established.

Small intestine diverticuli

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pomakov, P.; Risov, A.

1991-01-01

The routine method of contrast matter passage applied to 850 patients with different gastrointestinal diseases proved inefficient to detect any small-intestinal diverticuli. The following modiffications of the method have been tested in order to improve the diagnostic possibilities of the X-ray: study at short intervals, assisted passage, enteroclysm, pharmacodynamic impact, retrograde filling of the ileum by irrigoscopy. Twelve diverticuli of the small-intestinal loops were identified: 5 Meckel's diverticuli, 2 solitary of which one of the therminal ileum, 2 double diverticuli and 1 multiple diverticulosis of the jejunum. The results show that the short interval X-ray examination of the small intestines is the method of choice for identifying local changes in them. The solitary diverticuli are not casuistic scarcity, its occurrence is about 0.5% at purposeful X-ray investigation. The assisted passage method is proposed as a method of choice for detection of the Meckel's diverticulum. 5 figs., 3 tabs. 18 refs

Propuesta metodológica: proceso de selección de directores para colegios municipales

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Oscar Rojas Carrasco

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Esta publicación se centra en el proceso de selección de Directores de Colegio. El origen del problema de investigación radica en la necesidad de optimizar un proceso de selección para docentes directivos con la finalidad que pueda ser utilizado por cualquier Sostenedor Municipal. La propuesta incorpora un proceso de selección en tres etapas, manteniendo aquellos elementos de la selección tradicional que son relevantes e incorpora elementos nuevos que marcan el énfasis en las competencias del candidato.

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

Hiradfar, Mehran; Shojaeian, Reza; Dehghanian, Paria; Hajian, Sara

2013-01-01

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a multisystemic disorder in which impaired intestinal motor activity causes recurrent symptoms of intestinal obstruction in the absence of mechanical occlusion, associated with bladder distention without distal obstruction of the urinary tract. MMIHS and prune belly syndrome may overlap in most of the clinical features and discrimination of these two entities is important because the prognosis, management and consulting with parents are completely different. MMIHS outcome is very poor and in this article we present two neonates with MMIHS that both died in a few days. PMID:23729700

Antibiotic concentrations in intestinal mucosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Malmborg, A S

1985-01-01

The concentrations in the intestinal mucosa after the initial dose of cefoxitin, piperacillin and clindamycin have been studied. The antibiotics were given at the induction of anesthesia as prophylaxis to patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. The concentrations of the antibiotics in serum and intestinal mucosa taken during the operation were determined by the microbiological agar diffusion method. Therapeutic concentrations in intestinal mucosa were maintained during the major part of the operation period. The mean mucosa/serum concentration ratios were for cefoxitin 0.4, for piperacillin 0.5 and for clindamycin 1.2.

TOMA DE DECISIONES DE AGENTES RACIONALES CON PROCESOS MARKOVIANOS. Avances recientes en economía y finanzas

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Onésimo Hernández-Lerma

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se revisa la evolución teórica y práctica de los procesos markovianos y se resalta su rápido avance y notorio potencial en el modelado de los procesos de toma de decisiones de agentes racionales. Dichos procesos han incorporado dinámicas más realistas en el comportamiento de diversas variables económicas y financieras que enriquecen el análisis en ambientes con riesgo e incertidumbre. Particularmente, se destaca diversas extensiones y reformulaciones de procesos markovianos de decisión, juegos estocásticos, optimalidad de Blackwell para procesos de difusión controlados, control óptimo estocástico con procesos de difusión y su combinación con saltos de Poisson, modelado de series de tiempo con cadenas de Markov y, por último, redes bayesianas con cadenas de Markov en conjunción con simulación Monte Carlo (MCMC.

Optimización de estados en la mejora de procesos de software

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Ana Marys García Rodríguez

2016-08-01

Full Text Available En el desarrollo de software, se refleja una tendencia orientada hacia la definición y mejora continua de los procesos que promueven estratégicamente el respaldo y logro de las metas de una organización. En función de ello, el objetivo del artículo es desarrollar un proceso para la optimización de estados en la mejora de procesos de software, tomando como referencia los factores críticos de éxito. Se fundamenta en una investigación descriptiva bajo un enfoque racionalista crítico, método de análisis cuantitativo, lo cual permitió la efectividad del diseño del modelo. Se determina en los resultados que en la mejora de procesos de software existen considerable fracasos, lo cual se atribuye a que no se tiene en cuenta el estado de la organización integralmente, ni su ámbito de actuación en lo socio-cultural. Se concluye, sobre la importancia de definir una evaluación integral de las organizaciones, considerando los factores críticos del éxito, previo al inicio de una mejora de procesos, asimismo se recomienda el diseño propuesto como soporte tecnológico, que basado en un algoritmo genético, obtiene estados de mejora requeridos por las organizaciones como apoyo a la toma de decisiones a partir de su estado inicial y las buenas prácticas que puede aplicar para mejorarlo.

Museo de los desplazados. Archivo de procesos de gentrificación

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Colectivo Left Hand Rotation

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El Museo de los Desplazados es una plataforma de colaboración creada por el Colectivo Left Hand Rotation que surge como conclusión del proyecto - taller “Gentrificación No es un Nombre de Señora” en el que se analiza el papel de la cultura en los procesos de gentrificación. El Museo de los Desplazados es un archivo de material de registro de todo aquello que se pierde en los procesos de gentrificación (vídeo, foto, sonido, esquemas de información y de acciones que impliquen documentación de los procesos de gentrificación y/o acercamiento de la información e interrelación con los perfiles potencialmente en peligro de ser desplazados por procesos de gentrificación. Museo de los Desplazados is a platform created by the Collective Left Hand Rotation arising as completion of the project - workshop “Gentrificación No es un Nombre de Señora” which discusses the role of culture in the processes of gentrification. Museo de los Desplazados is an attempt to record all that is lost to gentrification (video, picture, sound, layout information and actions that involve documentation of gentrification and interaction with profiles potentially in danger of being displaced by gentrification.

Deciphering the porcine intestinal microRNA transcriptome

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Keller Andreas

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background While more than 700 microRNAs (miRNAs are known in human, a comparably low number has been identified in swine. Because of the close phylogenetic distance to humans, pigs serve as a suitable model for studying e.g. intestinal development or disease. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs are key regulators of intestinal development and their aberrant expression leads to intestinal malignancy. Results Here, we present the identification of hundreds of apparently novel miRNAs in the porcine intestine. MiRNAs were first identified by means of deep sequencing followed by miRNA precursor prediction using the miRDeep algorithm as well as searching for conserved miRNAs. Second, the porcine miRNAome along the entire intestine (duodenum, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum, ascending and transverse colon was unraveled using customized miRNA microarrays based on the identified sequences as well as known porcine and human ones. In total, the expression of 332 intestinal miRNAs was discovered, of which 201 represented assumed novel porcine miRNAs. The identified hairpin forming precursors were in part organized in genomic clusters, and most of the precursors were located on chromosomes 3 and 1, respectively. Hierarchical clustering of the expression data revealed subsets of miRNAs that are specific to distinct parts of the intestine pointing to their impact on cellular signaling networks. Conclusions In this study, we have applied a straight forward approach to decipher the porcine intestinal miRNAome for the first time in mammals using a piglet model. The high number of identified novel miRNAs in the porcine intestine points out their crucial role in intestinal function as shown by pathway analysis. On the other hand, the reported miRNAs may share orthologs in other mammals such as human still to be discovered.

BVES Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Programs and Intestinal Crypt Viability after Radiation

Science.gov (United States)

Reddy, Vishruth K.; Short, Sarah P.; Barrett, Caitlyn W.; Mittal, Mukul K.; Keating, Cody E.; Thompson, Joshua J.; Harris, Elizabeth I.; Revetta, Frank; Bader, David M.; Brand, Thomas; Washington, M. Kay; Williams, Christopher S.

2016-01-01

Blood Vessel Epicardial Substance (BVES/Popdc1) is a junctional-associated transmembrane protein that is underexpressed in a number of malignancies and regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We previously identified a role for BVES in regulation of the Wnt pathway, a modulator of intestinal stem cell programs, but its role in small intestinal (SI) biology remains unexplored. We hypothesized that BVES influences intestinal stem cell programs and is critical to SI homeostasis after radiation injury. At baseline, Bves−/− mice demonstrated increased crypt height, as well as elevated proliferation and expression of the stem cell marker Lgr5 compared to wildtype (WT) mice. Intercross with Lgr5-EGFP reporter mice confirmed expansion of the stem cell compartment in Bves−/− mice. To examine stem cell function after BVES deletion, we employed ex vivo 3D-enteroid cultures. Bves−/− enteroids demonstrated increased stemness compared to WT, when examining parameters such as plating efficiency, stem spheroid formation, and retention of peripheral cystic structures. Furthermore, we observed increased proliferation, expression of crypt-base columnar “CBC” and “+4” stem cell markers, amplified Wnt signaling, and responsiveness to Wnt activation in the Bves−/− enteroids. Bves expression was downregulated after radiation in WT mice. Moreover, after radiation, Bves−/− mice demonstrated significantly greater small intestinal crypt viability, proliferation, and amplified Wnt signaling in comparison to WT mice. Bves−/− mice also demonstrated elevations in Lgr5 and Ascl2 expression, and putative damage-responsive stem cell populations marked by Bmi1 and TERT. Therefore, BVES is a key regulator of intestinal stem cell programs and mucosal homeostasis. PMID:26891025

Evaluation value of intestinal flora detection for intestinal mucosal inflammation and immune response in patients with ulcerative colitis

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Yan Zou

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: To study the evaluation value of intestinal flora detection for intestinal mucosal inflammatory response and immune response in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: The patients who were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in Zigong Fifth People’s Hospital between March 2015 and February 2017 were selected as the UC group, and those who were diagnosed with colonic polyps were selected as the control group. Fresh excreta were collected to detect the number of intestinal flora, and the diseased intestinal mucosa tissue was collected to detect the expression of inflammatory response molecules and immune cell transcription factors. Results: enterococcus contents in intestinal tract and TLR4, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB-1, T-bet and RORC mRNA expression levels in intestinal mucosa of UC group were significantly higher than those of control group while bifidobacteria contents in intestinal tract and SOCS2, SOCS3, Foxp3 and GATA-3 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those of control group; TLR4, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB-1, T-bet and RORC mRNA expression levels in intestinal mucosa of UC patients with grade II and grade III flora disturbance were significantly higher than those of UC patients with normal flora and grade I flora disturbance while SOCS2, SOCS3, Foxp3 and GATA-3 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those of UC patients with normal flora and grade I flora disturbance; TLR4, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB-1, T-bet and RORC mRNA expression levels in intestinal mucosa of UC patients with grade III flora disturbance were significantly higher than those of UC patients with grade II flora disturbance while SOCS2, SOCS3, Foxp3 and GATA-3 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those of UC patients with grade II flora disturbance. Conclusion: The intestinal flora disturbance in patients with ulcerative colitis can result in inflammatory response activation and immune response disorder.

Intestinal perfusion in the study of intestinal absorption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baker, S.J.

1976-01-01

Several techniques for studying absorption by means of intestinal perfusion have been developed. While the principle is simple, the practice is complicated by absorption of the solvent and by excretion of fluid into the lumen. To improve reliability a ''marker'' is incorporated into the system; it should behave as nearly as possible like the nutrient of interest, except that it should be unabsorbable. A great many markers, including several labelled with radionuclides, have been developed for use with numerous nutrients, and perfusion methods using double or triple tubes or occlusive balloons have been tested. The perfusion technique is too complicated for routine diagnostic use, but it offers at present the only possibility of studying the function of defined sections of the small intestine in the intact human. (author)

The jagged-2/notch-1/hes-1 pathway is involved in intestinal epithelium regeneration after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Guoqing Chen

Full Text Available Notch signaling plays a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal crypt epithelial cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Notch signaling in the proliferation and regeneration of intestinal epithelium after intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R injury.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation or I/R by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA for 20 min. Intestinal tissue samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after reperfusion. Proliferation of the intestinal epithelium was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch signaling components were examined using Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Immunofluorescence was also performed to detect the expression and location of Jagged-2, cleaved Notch-1, and Hes-1 in the intestine. Finally, the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and the siRNA for Jagged-2 and Hes-1 were applied to investigate the functional role of Notch signaling in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in an in vitro IEC-6 culture system.I/R injury caused increased intestinal crypt epithelial cell proliferation and increased mRNA and protein expression of Jagged-2, Notch-1, and Hes-1. The immunofluorescence results further confirmed increased protein expression of Jagged-2, cleaved Notch-1, and Hes-1 in the intestinal crypts. The inhibition of Notch signaling with DAPT and the suppression of Jagged-2 and Hes-1 expression using siRNA both significantly inhibited the proliferation of IEC-6 cells.The Jagged-2/Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling pathway is involved in intestinal epithelium regeneration early after I/R injury by increasing crypt epithelial cell proliferation.

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA MEJORA DE LOS PROCESOS CLAVES DE ESAC. APLICACIÓN AL PROCESO DE REPARACIÓN Y MANTENIMIENTO DE MEDIOS TÉCNICOS DE COMPUTACIÓN

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Bibiana López Vázquez; Cira Lidia Isaac Godínez

2008-01-01

El mejoramiento continuo es un principio básico de la gestión de la calidad, devenido en la actualidad como un objetivo permanente de las organizaciones para elevar su nivel de desempeño e incrementar la ventaja competitiva a través de la mejora. En este sentido la mejora continua puede referirse tanto a productos, servicios, como a procesos. Una forma de llevar a cabo la mejora continua de los procesos para aumentar el desempeñ...

Alternative Functional In Vitro Models of Human Intestinal Epithelia

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Amanda L Kauffman

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Physiologically relevant sources of absorptive intestinal epithelial cells are crucial for human drug transport studies. Human adenocarcinoma-derived intestinal cell lines, such as Caco-2, offer conveniences of easy culture maintenance and scalability, but do not fully recapitulate in vivo intestinal phenotypes. Additional sources of renewable physiologically relevant human intestinal cells would provide a much needed tool for drug discovery and intestinal physiology. We sought to evaluate and compare two alternative sources of human intestinal cells, commercially available primary human intestinal epithelial cells (hInEpCs and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-derived intestinal cells to Caco-2, for use in in vitro transwell monolayer intestinal transport assays. To achieve this for iPSC-derived cells, our previously described 3-dimensional intestinal organogenesis method was adapted to transwell differentiation. Intestinal cells were assessed by marker expression through immunocytochemical and mRNA expression analyses, monolayer integrity through Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER measurements and molecule permeability, and functionality by taking advantage the well-characterized intestinal transport mechanisms. In most cases, marker expression for primary hInEpCs and iPSC-derived cells appeared to be as good as or better than Caco-2. Furthermore, transwell monolayers exhibited high TEER with low permeability. Primary hInEpCs showed molecule efflux indicative of P-glycoprotein transport. Primary hInEpCs and iPSC-derived cells also showed neonatal Fc receptor-dependent binding of immunoglobulin G variants. Primary hInEpCs and iPSC-derived intestinal cells exhibit expected marker expression and demonstrate basic functional monolayer formation, similar to or better than Caco-2. These cells could offer an alternative source of human intestinal cells for understanding normal intestinal epithelial physiology and drug transport.

An intestinal Trojan horse for gene delivery.

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Haisheng; Wang, Chao; Xu, Xiaoyang; Yu, Chenxu; Wang, Qun

2015-03-14

The intestinal epithelium forms an essential element of the mucosal barrier and plays a critical role in the pathophysiological response to different enteric disorders and diseases. As a major enteric dysfunction of the intestinal tract, inflammatory bowel disease is a genetic disease which results from the inappropriate and exaggerated mucosal immune response to the normal constituents in the mucosal microbiota environment. An intestine targeted drug delivery system has unique advantages in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. As a new concept in drug delivery, the Trojan horse system with the synergy of nanotechnology and host cells can achieve better therapeutic efficacy in specific diseases. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility of encapsulating DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles into primary isolated intestinal stem cells to form an intestinal Trojan horse for gene regulation therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. This proof-of-concept intestinal Trojan horse will have a wide variety of applications in the diagnosis and therapy of enteric disorders and diseases.

Proceso contencioso-administrativo: emplazamiento personal de los codemandados

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Gascón Inchausti, Fernando

1998-01-01

Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 192/1997, de 11 de noviembre de 1997, acerca de la necesidad de que todos los sujetos que reciben la consideración legal de codemandados en un proceso contencioso-administrativo sean emplazados personalmente.

Fundamentos teóricos del proceso de formación profesional del Licenciado en Estudios Socioculturales

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Dora Lilia Márquez Delgado

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Ante la necesidad de perfeccionar el proceso de formación profesional de los estudiantes de la carrera de Estudios Socioculturales, el trabajo presenta los fundamentos teóricos del diseño de dicho proceso, en el cual se tiene en cuenta el modo de actuación profesional, sobre la base de problemas, expresando una adecuada correspondencia entre lo disciplinario y lo profesional. La investigación realizada permitió analizar que el Licenciado en Estudios Socioculturales desde su formación inicial, debe capacitarse para gestionar el desarrollo sociocultural, lo que supone la integración y sistematización de los momentos de la gestión sociocultural como máxima actividad profesional. Este proceso es representado a través de los componentes que lo integran y su sistema de relaciones, lo cual permite determinar cuatro etapas en el proceso de formación del Licenciado en Estudios Socioculturales. Como resultado de esta modelación, se logra la definición de este proceso. Para fundamentar dicho proceso se asumen las siguientes teorías: teoría del enfoque histórico – cultural, la teoría de los Procesos Conscientes desarrollada por Carlos Álvarez de Zayas y el Modelo en base a la lógica esencial de la profesión, la teoría del pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin, así como concepciones que explican lo sociocultural.

Transformación de la relación Docente - Estudiante en el proceso de aprendizaje

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Andrés Barrios Rubio

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La sociedad de la información y la comunicación ha traído cambios en cada uno de los procesos que ejerce el ser humano. El proceso educativo, visto desde sus diferentes ambientes, se ha visto obligado a replantear las tareas educativas; el papel docente-estudiante en el aula se ha transformado. Las formas de aprendizaje han variado, los procesos y los tiempos de formación se han hecho más cortos.

Radioimmunoassay studies of intestinal calcium-binding protein in the pig. 2. The distribution of intestinal CaBP in pig tissues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnold, B.M.; Kuttner, M.; Willis, D.M.; Hitchman, A.J.W.; Harrison, J.E.; Murray, T.M.

1975-01-01

Using a specific radioimmunoassay for porcine intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP), we have measured the concentration of CaBP in the various tissues and organs of normal pigs. Intestinal CaBP was present in highest concentration in the upper small intestine, with lower concentrations in the distal small intestine. Intestinal CaBP was also found, in lower concentrations, in kidney, liver, thyroid, pancreas, and blood. In all other tissues, including parathyroid, bone, skeletal muscle, and brain, CaBP immunoreactivity was undetectable or less than in blood. The elution profile of calcium-binding activity and immunoreactivity from gel filtration analysis of kidney and parathyroid extracts suggest that the calcium-binding protein in the parathyroid gland, and the major calcium-binding protein(s) in the kidney, are chemically and immunochemically different from intestinal CaBP. (author)

Radioimmunoassay studies of intestinal calcium-binding protein in the pig. II. The distribution of intestinal CaBP in pig tissues

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arnold, B M; Kuttner, M; Willis, D M; Hitchman, A J.W.; Harrison, J E; Murray, T M [Toronto Univ., Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Medicine

1975-12-01

Using a specific radioimmunoassay for porcine intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP), we have measured the concentration of CaBP in the various tissues and organs of normal pigs. Intestinal CaBP was present in highest concentration in the upper small intestine, with lower concentrations in the distal small intestine. Intestinal CaBP was also found, in lower concentrations, in kidney, liver, thyroid, pancreas, and blood. In all other tissues, including parathyroid, bone, skeletal muscle, and brain, CaBP immunoreactivity was undetectable or less than in blood. The elution profile of calcium-binding activity and immunoreactivity from gel filtration analysis of kidney and parathyroid extracts suggest that the calcium-binding protein in the parathyroid gland, and the major calcium-binding protein(s) in the kidney, are chemically and immunochemically different from intestinal CaBP.

Parenteral nutrition in intestinal failure

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Kurkchubasche AG

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Arlet G Kurkchubasche,1 Thomas J Herron,2 Marion F Winkler31Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, 2Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 3Department of Surgery/Nutritional Support Service, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USAAbstract: Intestinal failure is a consequence of extensive surgical resection resulting in anatomic loss and/or functional impairment in motility or absorptive capacity. The condition is clinically characterized by the inability to maintain fluid, energy, protein, electrolyte, or micronutrient balance when on a conventionally accepted, normal diet. Parenteral nutrition (PN is the cornerstone of management until intestinal adaptation returns the patient to a PN-independent state. Intestinal length, residual anatomic segments and motility determine the need for and duration of parenteral support. The goals of therapy are to provide sufficient nutrients to enable normal growth and development in children, and support a healthy functional status in adults. This review addresses indications for PN, the formulation of the PN solution, patient monitoring, and considerations for prevention of PN-associated complications. With the ultimate goal of achieving enteral autonomy, the important role of diet, pharmacologic interventions, and surgery is discussed.Keywords: intestinal failure, short-bowel syndrome, parenteral nutrition, home nutrition support, intestinal rehabilitation

El discurso sobre el actual proceso de paz en la revista Semana (2012-2014)

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Rincón Henao, Diana Marcela

2016-01-01

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre el discurso del actual proceso de paz en la revista Semana entre los años 2012 a 2014, dada la relevancia de la participación de los medios de comunicación en un proceso trascendental para el futuro del país y la reconciliación de la sociedad. El objetivo es describir qué estrategias argumentativas usa la revista a partir de las noticias sobre el proceso de paz durante este periodo. La metodología utilizada se basó en los esquemas argumentativos (top...

La disputa por la homologación de los procesos electorales en Chiapas

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Álvaro F. López Lara

2008-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan las decisiones y estrategias de los actores políticos en torno al proceso de reforma para homologar el calendario electoral en Chiapas. Este caso muestra que aunque las reformas para homologar los procesos son deseables, su realización moviliza ambiciones de los poderes locales e incrementan las tensiones institucionales.

Transcriptome Analysis of Three Sheep Intestinal Regions reveals Key Pathways and Hub Regulatory Genes of Large Intestinal Lipid Metabolism.

Science.gov (United States)

Chao, Tianle; Wang, Guizhi; Ji, Zhibin; Liu, Zhaohua; Hou, Lei; Wang, Jin; Wang, Jianmin

2017-07-13

The large intestine, also known as the hindgut, is an important part of the animal digestive system. Recent studies on digestive system development in ruminants have focused on the rumen and the small intestine, but the molecular mechanisms underlying sheep large intestine metabolism remain poorly understood. To identify genes related to intestinal metabolism and to reveal molecular regulation mechanisms, we sequenced and compared the transcriptomes of mucosal epithelial tissues among the cecum, proximal colon and duodenum. A total of 4,221 transcripts from 3,254 genes were identified as differentially expressed transcripts. Between the large intestine and duodenum, differentially expressed transcripts were found to be significantly enriched in 6 metabolism-related pathways, among which PPAR signaling was identified as a key pathway. Three genes, CPT1A, LPL and PCK1, were identified as higher expression hub genes in the large intestine. Between the cecum and colon, differentially expressed transcripts were significantly enriched in 5 lipid metabolism related pathways, and CEPT1 and MBOAT1 were identified as hub genes. This study provides important information regarding the molecular mechanisms of intestinal metabolism in sheep and may provide a basis for further study.

Effects of Digested Onion Extracts on Intestinal Gene Expression: An Interspecies Comparison Using Different Intestine Models.

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Nicole J W de Wit

Full Text Available Human intestinal tissue samples are barely accessible to study potential health benefits of nutritional compounds. Numbers of animals used in animal trials, however, need to be minimalized. Therefore, we explored the applicability of in vitro (human Caco-2 cells and ex vivo intestine models (rat precision cut intestine slices and the pig in-situ small intestinal segment perfusion (SISP technique to study the effect of food compounds. In vitro digested yellow (YOd and white onion extracts (WOd were used as model food compounds and transcriptomics was applied to obtain more insight into which extent mode of actions depend on the model. The three intestine models shared 9,140 genes which were used to compare the responses to digested onions between the models. Unsupervised clustering analysis showed that genes up- or down-regulated by WOd in human Caco-2 cells and rat intestine slices were similarly regulated by YOd, indicating comparable modes of action for the two onion species. Highly variable responses to onion were found in the pig SISP model. By focussing only on genes with significant differential expression, in combination with a fold change > 1.5, 15 genes showed similar onion-induced expression in human Caco-2 cells and rat intestine slices and 2 overlapping genes were found between the human Caco-2 and pig SISP model. Pathway analyses revealed that mainly processes related to oxidative stress, and especially the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, were affected by onions in all three models. Our data fit with previous in vivo studies showing that the beneficial effects of onions are mostly linked to their antioxidant properties. Taken together, our data indicate that each of the in vitro and ex vivo intestine models used in this study, taking into account their limitations, can be used to determine modes of action of nutritional compounds and can thereby reduce the number of animals used in conventional nutritional intervention studies.

EL ENFOQUE DE SISTEMAS Y DE CONTINGENCIAS APLICADO AL PROCESO ADMINISTRATIVO

OpenAIRE

VELÁSQUEZ, FRANCISCO

2000-01-01

El presente artículo corresponde a una reflexión sobre el proceso administrativo de las organizaciones (las funciones de planeación, organización, dirección o influencia y control) desde la perspectiva del enfoque de sistemas y de contingencias. Para ello se abordan los planteamientos más representativos de los distintos enfoques, desde el enfoque clásico, hasta los aportes más contemporáneos. El artículo finaliza con una descripción del proceso administrat...

El trabajo independiente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

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Soca Guevara, Edelmira Belkis

2015-01-01

El trabajo independiente forma parte del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y ejerce una importante influencia en la formación del estudiante en cualquier nivel de enseñanza. Una buena planificación del trabajo independiente por parte del profesor contribuye a elevar la calidad del proceso docente. En este trabajo se discute el beneficio de la utilización del formato web como soporte para la propuesta de cursos interactivos y dinámicos confeccionados por los profesores, como apoyo al trabajo in...

Interactions between the intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Vincent L; Kasper, Dennis L

2014-01-01

The mammalian intestine must manage to contain 100 trillion intestinal bacteria without inducing inappropriate immune responses to these microorganisms. The effects of the immune system on intestinal microorganisms are numerous and well-characterized, and recent research has determined that the microbiota influences the intestinal immune system as well. In this review, we first discuss the intestinal immune system and its role in containing and maintaining tolerance to commensal organisms. We next introduce a category of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cells, and describe their classification and function in intestinal immunology. Finally, we discuss the effects of the intestinal microbiota on innate lymphoid cells. PMID:24418741

ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS: THERAPEUTICAL TACTICS IN CHILDREN

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A.N. Surkov

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Acute intestinal infections are quite common among children. Their clinical presentations include intoxication syndrome (drowsiness, low appetite, fever etc, infectious toxic syndrome (toxicosis with exicosis, neurotoxicosi, hypovolemic or infectious-toxic shockand diarrhea syndrome. Sometimes intestinal infections can be quite severe and even lethal. However disease duration and outcome depend on timelines and adequacy of prescribed treatment. Main guidelines of intestinal infections treatment include probiotics. That is why the right choice of probiotics is important for a pediatrician. The article contains basic information upon etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnostic criteria and acute pediatric intestinal infections treatment guidelines.Key words: acute intestinal infections, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment, probiotics, children. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (6: 141–147

Consumo de tabaco y alcohol en una muestra en proceso de desahucio

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Humbelina Robles-Ortega

Full Text Available Resumen Introducción: En España, la actual crisis económica nos ha llevado a un lamentable fenómeno poco conocido hasta ahora: el proceso del desahucio. Nuestro objetivo ha sido evaluar hábitos poco saludables como el consumo del tabaco y alcohol en un grupo de granadinos/as en riesgo de perder su vivienda habitual. Método: Han participado 205 personas adultas (122 mujeres y 83 hombres a los que se les administró los ítems de hábitos relacionados con la salud de la Entrevista Andaluza de Salud 2011. Todos los participantes estaban vinculados a la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca Stop Desahucios de Granada. Resultados: Consumo de tabaco: observamos mayor porcentaje de fumadores a diario en hombres (54.22 %, personas que no viven en pareja y trabajadores. Las personas que han entrado en el proceso judicial fuman más cigarrillos al día (t = -1.944, p = .055 y perciben un aumento en el consumo de tabaco debido al proceso de desahucio (χ2 = 8.494, p = .037. Consumo de alcohol: encontramos mayor porcentaje en hombres χ2 = 10.005, p = .019 y en personas que no viven en pareja χ2 = 8.553, p = .036; los hombres perciben un mayor aumento en el consumo de alcohol debido al proceso de desahucio (χ2 = 20.375, p = .000. Conclusiones: El proceso de desahucio afecta negativamente a los hábitos relacionados con la salud por lo que debería priorizarse en las políticas de Salud Pública como una población de riesgo.

Hippo signalling directs intestinal fate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

le Bouteiller, Marie Catherine M; Jensen, Kim Bak

2015-01-01

Hippo signalling has been associated with many important tissue functions including the regulation of organ size. In the intestinal epithelium differing functions have been proposed for the effectors of Hippo signalling, YAP and TAZ1. These are now shown to have a dual role in the intestinal...

Gramsci y el proceso hegemónico educativo

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Guillermo Miranda-Camacho

2006-06-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo es una aproximación hermenéutica a uno de los núcleos centrales del pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci: la construcción del proceso hegemónico educativo y se destacan la actualidad y vigencia de su pensamiento. Para realizar esta tarea de analizar sus aportaciones, en un primer momento se hace una exploración de la interrelación del concepto de sociedad civil y su interacción dialéctica con el Estado (sociedad política. En un segundo momento se exploran las complejas, poderosas y sutiles formas que asume la hegemonía política y cultural promovida por la clase dirigente, desde el Estado, para consolidar un consenso ideológico en torno a su proyecto hegemónico. En un tercer momento, se exploran algunas dimensiones relativas a la participación directa del Estado en la educación, desde la perspectiva de los procesos que explican la vinculación histórica de lo político y lo educativo. Para comprender este proceso, se retoma el planteamiento gramsciano relativo a la hegemonía que se instaura en la sociedad civil en el marco de la construcción de una unidad social-cultural, analizando el concepto de intelectual orgánico y su papel en la configuración de la hegemonía social. La cuarta parte comprende un análisis de la vinculación histórica Estado-educación, desde la óptica de la articulación orgánica entre la base estructural y la superestructura ideológica, y, por ende, de la construcción de un sistema ideológico. Finalmente, se realiza una aproximación a la visión gramsciana de la vinculación educación-hegemonía, se destaca su significación y su vigencia para el análisis del papel de la política educativa como proceso hegemónico en la sociedad civil.

La educación emocional, su importancia en el proceso de aprendizaje

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José Ángel García Retana

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Dentro del proceso educativo, se ha tendido a privilegiar los aspectos cognitivos por encima de los emocionales. Incluso para muchos estos dos aspectos deben ser considerados por separado; sin embargo esto no es conveniente si se pretende lograr el desarrollo integral del educando. Para poder incorporar los aspectos emocionales en el proceso educativo se debe caracterizar en qué consisten las emociones, cómo a partir de estas surge la educación emocional y qué papel juega esta dentro de dicho proceso. A su vez, se debe considerar el papel del maestro y cómo las emociones -tanto propias como de los estudiantes-, deben ser tomadas en cuenta en su acto pedagógico; por último se considerará la relación entre emociones y estilos de aprendizaje.

Recuperación del zinc de una solución de lavado del proceso de galvanización

OpenAIRE

García Ventura, Álvaro

2011-01-01

Este proyecto se basa en la recuperación de Zinc de una solución de lavado de un proceso teórico de galvanización mediante el estudio de dos métodos; el proceso de extracción líquido-líquido y el proceso de membrana plana líquida. En el proceso de extracción líquido-líquido, consta de dos procesos dentro de él, la extracción y el stripping en las que intervienen tres fases: a) fase de alimentación, la cual contiene el analito a extraer, b) fase orgánica, que contiene e...

Intestinal leiomyoma

Science.gov (United States)

... most often found when a person has an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy or colonoscopy for another reason. Rarely, these tumors can cause bleeding, blockage or rupture of the intestines If this ...

Narrativas de la corporeidad en ciclistas colombianos durante su proceso formativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Anzola-Moreno

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción. El cambio de paradigmas del cuerpo en el deporte, del cuerpo máquina al embodiment del deportista, requiere comprender el cuerpo vivido, la experiencia encarnada del ciclista, durante su proceso formativo. Objetivo. Comprender el sentido y significado de la corporeidad de ciclistas profesionales colombianos durante su proceso formativo. Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue cualitativo de tipo histórico-hermenéutico, por medio de biografía con entrevista abierta a cuatro ciclistas profesionales colombianos, tres hombres y una mujer nacidos entre 1987 y 1990. Se utilizó el software Atlas Ti 7.0. La categoría principal de análisis fue el embodiment desde las potencialidades y los desgastes. Resultados. Se identificaron potencialidades y desgastes en la corporeidad de los ciclistas durante el proceso formativo. Las categorías relacionadas con la corporeidad de los ciclistas fueron: historicidad del proceso formativo, soporte, orientación, entorno, causas y efectos. El sistema categorial permitió identificar las tendencias, relacionar las categorías e interpretar la corporeidad como expresión del cuerpo vivido. Conclusión. La corporeidad narrada significa la vida de los ciclistas y da sentido a sus vivencias en la identidad del cuerpo ciclista. Se debe reconocer el cuerpo vivido como expresión única de lo humano en movimiento y su abordaje desde la determinación social.

La virtualidad en procesos educativos frente a retos sociales: El analfabetismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Mercedes Sinisterra Díaz

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La nueva sociedad del conocimiento cuenta con escenarios que flexibilizan el proceso de aprendizaje, posibilitando de esta manera la superación de barreras de accesibilidad a la información. Desde la aparición de la Universidad Abierta y a Distancia, las diversas formas de comunicarnos y de generar conocimiento han permitido que los otrora monopolios del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, la institución escolar y el libro, estén siendo desplazados por entornos virtuales, entendidos éstos como, "espacios de interacción que no exigen la presencia física de los actores" los cuales, facilitan la libertad de aprender a través del hipertexto, videoconferencias, video-juegos, enciclopedias multimedia, realidad virtual que nos sitúan frente a una nueva corriente en la educación. Entornos Virtuales que aunque potencializan el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, en la actualidad no han sido debidamente explotados por el sistema educativo del Estado. Mientras, el sector privado, consciente de las ventajas que estos espacios representan dentro de su dinámica económica los han visionado dentro en sus modelos y/o estrategias de negocio. Es por ello, que en este documento se presentan diferentes opciones en cuanto a los Sistemas de información y Tecnologías de Información que pueden ser adoptados en procesos educativos en los sectores socialmente marginados en dicho sector.

PROCESOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DE ORIENTACIÓN VOCACIONAL / PROFESIONAL / LABORAL DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA SISTÉMICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Elvira Castañeda Cantillo

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación buscó hacer una descripción de las comprensiones, estrategias y prácticas que identifican el proceso de orientación vocacional / profesional / laboral en la familia y la escuela. Para ello se identificaron los niveles de participación de cada uno de los actores de la organización escolar: estudiantes, docentes, orientadores y padres de familia, se evaluó el impacto de los procesos de orientación profesional, especificando las acciones que se realizan para ello y el papel de los profesionales que lideran el proceso de orientación vocacional / profesional / laboral en las organizaciones escolares. Mediante un estudio de tipo descriptivo, se aplicó como instrumento una encuesta a orientadores, estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia; las categorías a evaluar fueron: prácticas y nivel de participación en el proceso de orientación, comprensiones y puntuaciones sobre la orientación vocacional / profesional / laboral, efectos e impactos de la orientación, valoración del proceso de orientación, fuentes de influencia en el joven, valoración y recomendaciones de actividades de orientación. Con una muestra de 70 docentes, 35 orientadores, 130 padres de familia y 150 estudiantes de 35 colegios de Bogotá. Se encontró que los procesos y procedimientos realizados en la orientación vocacional / profesional / laboral están relacionados con presupuestos y acciones fundamentalmente dirigidas a la toma de decisión del estudiante sobre la elección de una carrera universitaria, desde sus intereses individuales, factores económicos e información sobre la oferta; no se observa que haya un acompañamiento para la movilización de los sistemas y contextos familiares, escolares y amplios que involucren procesos pedagógicos, psicológicos, sociales y culturales de los jóvenes con la escuela, la familia y el desarrollo del país.

Functional characterization of folic acid transport in the intestine of the laying hen using the everted intestinal sac model.

Science.gov (United States)

Tactacan, G B; Rodriguez-Lecompte, J C; Karmin, O; House, J D

2011-01-01

Absorption at the level of the intestine is likely a primary regulatory mechanism for the deposition of dietary supplemented folic acid into the chicken egg. Therefore, factors affecting the intestinal transport of folic acid in the laying hen may influence the level of egg folate concentrations. To this end, a series of experiments using intestinal everted sacs were conducted to characterize intestinal folic acid absorption processes in laying hens. Effects of naturally occurring folate derivatives (5-methyl and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate) as well as heme on folic acid absorption were also investigated. Folic acid absorption was measured based on the rate of uptake of (3)H-labeled folic acid in the everted sac from various segments of the small and large intestines. Folic acid concentration, incubation length, and pH condition were optimized before the performance of uptake experiments. The distribution profile of folic acid transport along the intestine was highest in the upper half of the small intestine. Maximum uptake rate (nmol·100 g tissue(-1)·min(-1)) was observed in the duodenum (20.6 ± 1.9) and jejunum (22.3 ± 2.0) and decreased significantly in the ileum (15.3 ± 1.1) and cecum (9.3 ± 0.9). Transport increased proportionately (P methyl and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate as well as heme impeded folic acid uptake, reducing intestinal folic acid absorption when added at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 µM. Overall, these data indicated the presence of a folic acid transport system in the entire intestine of the laying hen. Uptake of folic acid in the cecum raises the likelihood of absorption of bacterial-derived folate.

Regulation of intestinal homeostasis by innate immune cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Kayama, Hisako; Nishimura, Junichi; Takeda, Kiyoshi

2013-12-01

The intestinal immune system has an ability to distinguish between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria, and then activate pro-inflammatory pathways against pathogens for host defense while remaining unresponsive to the microbiota and dietary antigens. In the intestine, abnormal activation of innate immunity causes development of several inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Thus, activity of innate immunity is finely regulated in the intestine. To date, multiple innate immune cells have been shown to maintain gut homeostasis by preventing inadequate adaptive immune responses in the murine intestine. Additionally, several innate immune subsets, which promote Th1 and Th17 responses and are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, have recently been identified in the human intestinal mucosa. The demonstration of both murine and human intestinal innate immune subsets contributing to regulation of adaptive immunity emphasizes the conserved innate immune functions across species and might promote development of the intestinal innate immunity-based clinical therapy.

Mejora y optimización del proceso de elaboración de la cerveza dentro de una industria cervecera

OpenAIRE

GÓMEZ GARCÍA, ADRIÁN

2014-01-01

[ES] Este trabajo final de grado se centra en el proceso de elaboración de la cerveza y como, interviniendo en diferentes puntos de este proceso se consigue optimizar los recursos y mejorar la calidad de las materias intermedias y el producto final. El primer punto del proceso en el que se interviene es en el proceso de cocción, donde se calcula el consumo de agua durante la molturación y la maceración de los cereales. En el mismo proceso de cocción se incide en la filtración del mosto ext...

Diseño de los procesos para industrializar la soya

OpenAIRE

Barrigas Romero, Cesar Orlando; Miranda, Luis

2009-01-01

El objetivo general es el diseño de los procesos y de las líneas de producción a escala semi industrial para la obtención de productos alimenticios a base de soya. Para ello, en la primera parte se describe a la soya como materia prima, en la fase experimental establecimos parámetros de proceso para estandarizar resultados con 1 kilo de soya como base a fin de obtener leche, queso y yogurt de soya con la parte líquida; y con la parte sólida un producto tipo granola y tortitas a base de la mez...

A new approach to predict human intestinal absorption using porcine intestinal tissue and biorelevant matrices

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Westerhout, J.; Steeg, E. van de; Grossouw, D.; Zeijdner, E.E.; Krul, C.A.M.; Verwei, M.; Wortelboer, H.M.

2014-01-01

A reliable prediction of the oral bioavailability in humans is crucial and of high interest for pharmaceutical and food industry. The predictive value of currently used in silico methods, in vitro cell lines, ex vivo intestinal tissue and/or in vivo animal studies for human intestinal absorption,

Levantamiento de Procesos del Hospital León Becerra de Guayaquil

OpenAIRE

Maya Valdano, Leonardo Antonio; Medina Chávez, Marianela Sofía; Tigreros Arreaga, Dayse Mariana; Dávila Pérez, Johanna Alejandra

2012-01-01

En la presente investigación se desarrolló un modelo de gestión basado en procesos que le permite al Hospital León Becerra aumentar la competitividad e incrementar la calidad de los servicios de salud puesto que el entorno nacional del sector de la salud demanda cambios en la gestión de las entidades hospitalarias, de tal manera que sus estructuras, procesos y procedimientos se acoplen a las exigencias de entidades de control a nivel nacional por el Ministerio de Salud Pública e internacional...

El proceso creativo en el diseño arquitectónico

OpenAIRE

González Cubillán, Lesbia

2008-01-01

Este artículo recoge información sobre el proceso creativo seguido por estudiantes de la carrera de Arquitectura y arquitectos en ejercicio, con la finalidad de establecer las posibles diferencias entre ambos grupos. A través de un cuestionario basado en el pensamiento de Csikszentmihalyi se recogieron datos que, después de analizarlos a la luz de la complejidad humana y la energía existencial, permitió la elaboración de un conjunto de características que definen este proceso tanto e...

EL PROCEDIMIENTO MONITORIO EN EL NUEVO CODIGO ORGANICO GENERAL DE PROCESO

OpenAIRE

Parra Solórzano, Tania de Lourdes

2016-01-01

Un avance en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos, es el procedimiento monitorio, este tipo de procesos, permitirá que ciertas causas se tramiten de manera ágil; y, que aquellas deudas de hasta cincuenta salarios básicos unificados que no consten en un título ejecutivo tengan su propia vía procesal. Así cualquier documento que aparezca firmado por un deudor, desde un comprobante de entrega, una cuota de condominio, un canon de arrendamiento, o hasta una remuneración laboral n...

La eficacia de la Prueba Indiciaria en el Proceso Penal Ecuatoriano

OpenAIRE

Pérez Medina, Lenin

2007-01-01

La eficacia de la prueba Indiciaria en el Proceso Penal Ecuatoriano, a tomado una nueva dimensión en nuestro sistema procesal, ya que a partir de la vigencia del nuevo Código de Procedimiento Penal, se ha orientado a garantizar la aplicación del debido proceso, en todos los parámetros que la constitución establece, en el presente trabajo estudiamos diferentes tópicos como presunción , sospecha , conjetura, vestigio, huella y rastro donde podría aparecer la prueba indiciaria, si...

Proceso de virtualización de un centro de procesamiento de datos (CPD)

OpenAIRE

Castro Santero, Juan

2016-01-01

Este trabajo trata del proceso de virtualización de un centro de procesamiento de datos (CPD), por el que se explica paso a paso este proceso. Aquest treball tracta del procés de virtualització d'un centre de processament de dades (CPD), pel que s'explica pas a pas aquest procés. Bachelor thesis for the Computer Science program.

Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mowat, Allan M.; Agace, William Winston

2014-01-01

The intestine represents the largest compartment of the immune system. It is continually exposed to antigens and immunomodulatory agents from the diet and the commensal microbiota, and it is the port of entry for many clinically important pathogens. Intestinal immune processes are also increasingly...... implicated in controlling disease development elsewhere in the body. In this Review, we detail the anatomical and physiological distinctions that are observed in the small and large intestines, and we suggest how these may account for the diversity in the immune apparatus that is seen throughout...... the intestine. We describe how the distribution of innate, adaptive and innate-like immune cells varies in different segments of the intestine and discuss the environmental factors that may influence this. Finally, we consider the implications of regional immune specialization for inflammatory disease...

Intestinal metaplasia induced by x-irradiation in rat

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Hiromitsu; Terada, Yoritaka; Fujii, Isao; Yamamoto, Yukiko; Takizawa, Shoichi

1978-01-01

Total 400 rad of x-ray was given in 100 or 150 rad doses to the whole body of rats at intervals of one week, and one year and a half later, rats were killed. Disaccharidase was formed in most of animals, intestinal metaplasia only with goblet cells occurred in 65% of animals, and that with intestinal type of lacuna occurred in 36% of them. When 500 rad of x-ray was irradiated to each part of stomach day after day up to the total dose of 3,000 rad, biochemical intestinal metaplasia already occurred one week after the irradiation, and intestinal type lacuna occurred 2 months after the irradiation. Intestinal type lacuna was recognized in all animals killed 499 days after the irradiation, and intestinal metaplasia with Paneth's cells occurred in 6 out of 11 cases (56%). When a dose of 1,000 rad was irradiated to stomach three times at intervals of 2 days up to the total of 3,000 rad, much intestinal type lacuna was recognized 2 months after the irradiation, gastric adenoid cancerous changes appeared 4 months after, and gastric adenoid cancer occurred 6 months after. The above-mentioned results clarified that even if x-ray of a small dose was irradiated, intestinal metaplasia occurred, and that the period from the irradiation to occurrence of intestinal metaplasia was shortened by increasing a dose of x-ray. It was also clarified that not only intestinal metaplasia but also gastric adenoic cancer occurred due to a great amount of x-ray irradiation. (Ueda, J.)

Intestinal metaplasia induced by x-irradiation in rat

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, H; Terada, Y; Fujii, I; Yamamoto, Y; Takizawa, S [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology

1978-04-01

Total 400 rad of x-ray was given in 100 or 150 rad doses to the whole body of rats at intervals of one week, and one year and a half later, rats were killed. Disaccharidase was formed in most of animals, intestinal metaplasia only with goblet cells occurred in 65% of animals, and that with intestinal type of lacuna occurred in 36% of them. When 500 rad of x-ray was irradiated to each part of stomach day after day up to the total dose of 3,000 rad, biochemical intestinal metaplasia already occurred one week after the irradiation, and intestinal type lacuna occurred 2 months after the irradiation. Intestinal type lacuna was recognized in all animals killed 499 days after the irradiation, and intestinal metaplasia with Paneth's cells occurred in 6 out of 11 cases (56%). When a dose of 1,000 rad was irradiated to stomach three times at intervals of 2 days up to the total of 3,000 rad, much intestinal type lacuna was recognized 2 months after the irradiation, gastric adenoid cancerous changes appeared 4 months after, and gastric adenoid cancer occurred 6 months after. The above-mentioned results clarified that even if x-ray of a small dose was irradiated, intestinal metaplasia occurred, and that the period from the irradiation to occurrence of intestinal metaplasia was shortened by increasing a dose of x-ray. It was also clarified that not only intestinal metaplasia but also gastric adenoic cancer occurred due to a great amount of x-ray irradiation.

Procesos iniciales de lecto-escritura en el nivel de educación inicial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chaves Salas, Ana Lupita

2002-06-01

Full Text Available El análisis de los procesos iniciales de lecto-escritura, propósito de este artículo, parte de una descripción de la función de la educación inicial y de cómo en este nivel se han incentivado dichos procesos. Posteriormente, se estudia la apropiación de la lengua escrita por parte de la niña y el niño, concebida como un proceso constructivo, interactivo y de producción cultural. Finalmente, se hacen algunas reflexiones con el fin de provocar la discusión en torno a este tema entre las personas interesadas, y así, contribuir a la transformación del nivel inicial del sistema educativo costarricense.

Intestinal sclerosis with pseudo-obstruction in three dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R; Carpenter, J

1984-04-01

Intestinal sclerosis causing chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction was diagnosed in 3 dogs. The pseudo-obstruction was characterized by vomiting and weight loss of 2 weeks' to 3 months' duration. A patent intestinal lumen was determined by contrast radiography and verified at surgery. Intestinal biopsy revealed diffuse atrophy, fibrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration of the tunica muscularis. Each dog was euthanatized because of a progressive, deteriorating clinical course.

Fluorescent labelling of intestinal epithelial cells reveals independent long-lived intestinal stem cells in a crypt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horita, Nobukatsu [Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan); Tsuchiya, Kiichiro, E-mail: kii.gast@tmd.ac.jp [Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan); Hayashi, Ryohei [Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan); Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University (Japan); Fukushima, Keita; Hibiya, Shuji; Fukuda, Masayoshi; Kano, Yoshihito; Mizutani, Tomohiro; Nemoto, Yasuhiro; Yui, Shiro [Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan); Okamoto, Ryuichi; Nakamura, Tetsuya [Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan); Watanabe, Mamoru [Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan)

2014-11-28

Highlights: • Lentivirus mixed with Matrigel enables direct infection of intestinal organoids. • Our original approach allows the marking of a single stem cell in a crypt. • Time-lapse imaging shows the dynamics of a single stem cell. • Our lentivirus transgene system demonstrates plural long-lived stem cells in a crypt. - Abstract: Background and aims: The dynamics of intestinal stem cells are crucial for regulation of intestinal function and maintenance. Although crypt stem cells have been identified in the intestine by genetic marking methods, identification of plural crypt stem cells has not yet been achieved as they are visualised in the same colour. Methods: Intestinal organoids were transferred into Matrigel® mixed with lentivirus encoding mCherry. The dynamics of mCherry-positive cells was analysed using time-lapse imaging, and the localisation of mCherry-positive cells was analysed using 3D immunofluorescence. Results: We established an original method for the introduction of a transgene into an organoid generated from mouse small intestine that resulted in continuous fluorescence of the mCherry protein in a portion of organoid cells. Three-dimensional analysis using confocal microscopy showed a single mCherry-positive cell in an organoid crypt that had been cultured for >1 year, which suggested the presence of long-lived mCherry-positive and -negative stem cells in the same crypt. Moreover, a single mCherry-positive stem cell in a crypt gave rise to both crypt base columnar cells and transit amplifying cells. Each mCherry-positive and -negative cell contributed to the generation of organoids. Conclusions: The use of our original lentiviral transgene system to mark individual organoid crypt stem cells showed that long-lived plural crypt stem cells might independently serve as intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of a completely functional villus.

Fluorescent labelling of intestinal epithelial cells reveals independent long-lived intestinal stem cells in a crypt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horita, Nobukatsu; Tsuchiya, Kiichiro; Hayashi, Ryohei; Fukushima, Keita; Hibiya, Shuji; Fukuda, Masayoshi; Kano, Yoshihito; Mizutani, Tomohiro; Nemoto, Yasuhiro; Yui, Shiro; Okamoto, Ryuichi; Nakamura, Tetsuya; Watanabe, Mamoru

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Lentivirus mixed with Matrigel enables direct infection of intestinal organoids. • Our original approach allows the marking of a single stem cell in a crypt. • Time-lapse imaging shows the dynamics of a single stem cell. • Our lentivirus transgene system demonstrates plural long-lived stem cells in a crypt. - Abstract: Background and aims: The dynamics of intestinal stem cells are crucial for regulation of intestinal function and maintenance. Although crypt stem cells have been identified in the intestine by genetic marking methods, identification of plural crypt stem cells has not yet been achieved as they are visualised in the same colour. Methods: Intestinal organoids were transferred into Matrigel® mixed with lentivirus encoding mCherry. The dynamics of mCherry-positive cells was analysed using time-lapse imaging, and the localisation of mCherry-positive cells was analysed using 3D immunofluorescence. Results: We established an original method for the introduction of a transgene into an organoid generated from mouse small intestine that resulted in continuous fluorescence of the mCherry protein in a portion of organoid cells. Three-dimensional analysis using confocal microscopy showed a single mCherry-positive cell in an organoid crypt that had been cultured for >1 year, which suggested the presence of long-lived mCherry-positive and -negative stem cells in the same crypt. Moreover, a single mCherry-positive stem cell in a crypt gave rise to both crypt base columnar cells and transit amplifying cells. Each mCherry-positive and -negative cell contributed to the generation of organoids. Conclusions: The use of our original lentiviral transgene system to mark individual organoid crypt stem cells showed that long-lived plural crypt stem cells might independently serve as intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of a completely functional villus

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA MEJORA DE LOS PROCESOS OPERATIVOS. ETECSA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ileana G. Pérez Vergara

2009-02-01

Full Text Available

El trabajo presenta el diseño de un procedimiento para la mejora de los procesos operativos y su implementación en la Unidad de Negocios Red de la Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba S.A (UNR. 

En el mismo se realiza una caracterización de la UNR, se identifica como responsable al proceso “Servicio de Reparación de Tecnologías”, se realiza una evaluación de la calidad al proceso, teniendo en cuenta los requisitos de la Norma ISO 9001/2000, y se muestran los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos.

El procedimiento constituye una referencia para la toma de acciones de mejoras que contribuyan a fortalecer el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad de la UNR.

UN MÉTODO PARA LA TRAZABILIDAD DE REQUISITOS EN EL PROCESO UNIFICADO DE DESARROLLO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Silvia Tabares

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El Proceso Unificado es un proceso de desarrollo adoptado por gran parte de las empresas desarrolladoras de software. Esto lleva a que atributos de calidad como la trazabilidad de requisitos deban estandarizarse para este proceso, con el fin de lograr los niveles de calidad exigidos por los clientes. Por lo general, los modelos de trazabilidad se proponen independientemente del proceso o métodos de desarrollo, y su definición y mantenimiento dependen de los criterios de calidad usados por los desarrolladores. En este artículo se presenta un método para la práctica de la trazabilidad en el Proceso Unificado de Desarrollo. El enfoque propone un flujo de trabajo para el control y soporte a la trazabilidad en las iteraciones del proceso. Dicho flujo establece un conjunto de acciones para generar modelos de trazabilidad que faciliten negociaciones oportunas con los participantes del proyecto.Unified Process is the development process adopted by many software development companies. Quality attributes, such as requirement traceability, must be standardized for this process, so that the system can achieve the quality demanded by customers. Commonly, traceability models are proposed independently of either the development process or the methodology that are followed, and its definition and maintenance depends on the quality criteria used by the developers. A traceability method for the Unified Development Process is presented in this paper. This approach proposes a workflow to control and support traceability throughout the iterations of the process. This workflow establishes a set of actions capable of generating traceability models that facilitate opportune agreement with the customers.

Immunization with intestinal microbiota-derived Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reduces bacteria-specific recolonization of the intestinal tract.

Science.gov (United States)

Garfias-López, Julio Adrián; Castro-Escarpuli, Graciela; Cárdenas, Pedro E; Moreno-Altamirano, María Maximina Bertha; Padierna-Olivos, Juan; Sánchez-García, F Javier

2018-04-01

A wide array of microorganisms colonizes distinctive anatomical regions of animals, being the intestine the one that harbors the most abundant and complex microbiota. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that it is composed mainly of bacteria, and that Bacterioidetes and Firmicutes are the most represented phyla (>90% of the total eubacteria) in mice and humans. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in host physiology, contributing to digestion, epithelial cells metabolism, stimulation of intestinal immune responses, and protection against intestinal pathogens. Changes in its composition may affect intestinal homeostasis, a condition known as dysbiosis, which may lead to non-specific inflammation and disease. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect that a bacteria-specific systemic immune response would have on the intestinal re-colonization by that particular bacterium. Bacteria were isolated and identified from the feces of Balb/c mice, bacterial cell-free extracts were used to immunize the same mice from which bacteria came from. Concurrently with immunization, mice were subjected to a previously described antibiotic-based protocol to eliminate most of their intestinal bacteria. Serum IgG and feces IgA, specific for the immunizing bacteria were determined. After antibiotic treatment was suspended, specific bacteria were orally administered, in an attempt to specifically re-colonize the intestine. Results showed that parenteral immunization with gut-derived bacteria elicited the production of both anti-bacterial IgG and IgA, and that immunization reduces bacteria specific recolonization of the gut. These findings support the idea that the systemic immune response may, at least in part, determine the bacterial composition of the gut. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Estrellas masivas

OpenAIRE

Najarro, Francisco

2007-01-01

Presentado en el IV Curso de Iniciación a la Investigación en Estructura de la Materia: Desde las partículas subatómicas hasta los compuestos moleculares (Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28-30 de Marzo de 2007).

MÉTODO MATRICIAL FHER EN UN SISTEMA DE COSTOS POR PROCESOS, O EN LÍNEA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Villarreal Vásquez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación centra su atención en el diseño de una herramienta de costos que permite manipular y entregar resultados de los costos por procesos o en línea en una matriz de manera sencilla y entendible, esta matriz ha sido desarrollada y probada por los autores del artículo,  con estudiantes  de contaduría pública en varias mypimes  y ha demostrado su facilidad para que el estudiante comprenda y el empresario lo manipule dentro de su información financiera. El método matricial  FHER (forma horizontal de establecer resultados en un sistema de costos por  procesos, es una forma metodológica innovadora y fácil  de realizar el cálculo de los costos unitarios por producto, en el sistema de costos por procesos o en línea.   Este modelo  matricial, facilita a los estudiantes el aprendizaje de los costos por proceso o en línea, pues las matrices tradicionales muestran el modelo por proceso de manera compleja.

The mucosal firewalls against commensal intestinal microbes.

Science.gov (United States)

Macpherson, Andrew J; Slack, Emma; Geuking, Markus B; McCoy, Kathy D

2009-07-01

Mammals coexist with an extremely dense microbiota in the lower intestine. Despite the constant challenge of small numbers of microbes penetrating the intestinal surface epithelium, it is very unusual for these organisms to cause disease. In this review article, we present the different mucosal firewalls that contain and allow mutualism with the intestinal microbiota.

The mechanism of circulatory disturbances in the small intestinal wall and their role in the development of intestinal syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kudryavtsev, V.D.; Sushkevich, L.N.

1980-01-01

The mechanism of vascular disorders in the wall of the small intestine, the possibility of correcting them and their significance in the development of the intestinal syndrome were analysed. The experiments in which Wistar rats were irradiated with 10 Gy yielded information on the blood flow in the small intestine, on the number of regenerating crypts, on the blood plasma volume and on arterial blood pressure. The data obtained justify to speak of an important influence of disturbances in general hemodynamics on the microcirculation in the entire organ. Reaction that fail to take place or paradoxic changes in the blood flow of tissue after injection of vasoactive substances also illustrate the significance of direct intestinal vascular damage for adversely affecting compensatory adaptation mechanisms. Markedly disturbed blood supply to the tissue and the resultant deterioration of tissue trophism at the level of an intestinal syndrome not only intensify radiogenic destructive processes in epitheliocytes, but also prevent to a certain extent the regeneration of mucous membrane of the small intestine. The possibility of achieving partial restoration of blood vessel speed in the small intestine of irradiated rats is shown if the loss of intravascular fluid is parenterally replaced with Ringer's or hemodilution solution. (author)

Modernización del proceso administrativo

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Carlos Martínez Fajardo

1993-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se pretende cuestionar la idea de que la Teoría Administrativa contempla un proceso administrativo rígido y obsoleto, imposible de aplicar en la práctica de la gerencia. Por el contrario, se sostiene y se demuestra que la teoría ha continuado estudiando y desarrollando el problema de las funciones de la gerencia moderna del año 2000.

Cytokine Tuning of Intestinal Epithelial Function

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Caroline Andrews

2018-06-01

Full Text Available The intestine serves as both our largest single barrier to the external environment and the host of more immune cells than any other location in our bodies. Separating these potential combatants is a single layer of dynamic epithelium composed of heterogeneous epithelial subtypes, each uniquely adapted to carry out a subset of the intestine’s diverse functions. In addition to its obvious role in digestion, the intestinal epithelium is responsible for a wide array of critical tasks, including maintaining barrier integrity, preventing invasion by microbial commensals and pathogens, and modulating the intestinal immune system. Communication between these epithelial cells and resident immune cells is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating appropriate responses to disease and can occur through cell-to-cell contact or by the release or recognition of soluble mediators. The objective of this review is to highlight recent literature illuminating how cytokines and chemokines, both those made by and acting on the intestinal epithelium, orchestrate many of the diverse functions of the intestinal epithelium and its interactions with immune cells in health and disease. Areas of focus include cytokine control of intestinal epithelial proliferation, cell death, and barrier permeability. In addition, the modulation of epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines by factors such as interactions with stromal and immune cells, pathogen and commensal exposure, and diet will be discussed.

Lynch syndrome-related small intestinal adenocarcinomas.

Science.gov (United States)

Jun, Sun-Young; Lee, Eui-Jin; Kim, Mi-Ju; Chun, Sung Min; Bae, Young Kyung; Hong, Soon Uk; Choi, Jene; Kim, Joon Mee; Jang, Kee-Taek; Kim, Jung Yeon; Kim, Gwang Il; Jung, Soo Jin; Yoon, Ghilsuk; Hong, Seung-Mo

2017-03-28

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes and is associated with increased risk of malignancies in multiple organs. Small-intestinal adenocarcinomas are common initial manifestations of Lynch syndrome. To define the incidence and characteristics of Lynch syndrome-related small-intestinal adenocarcinomas, meticulous familial and clinical histories were obtained from 195 patients with small-intestinal adenocarcinoma, and MMR protein immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability, MLH1 methylation, and germline mutational analyses were performed. Lynch syndrome was confirmed in eight patients (4%), all of whom had synchronous/metachronous malignancies without noticeable familial histories. Small-intestinal adenocarcinomas were the first clinical manifestation in 37% (3/8) of Lynch syndrome patients, and second malignancies developed within 5 years in 63% (5/8). The patients with accompanying Lynch syndrome were younger (≤50 years; P=0.04) and more likely to have mucinous adenocarcinomas (P=0.003), and tended to survive longer (P=0.11) than those with sporadic cases. A meticulous patient history taking, MMR protein immunolabeling, and germline MMR gene mutational analysis are important for the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome-related small-intestinal adenocarcinomas. Identifying Lynch syndrome in patients with small-intestinal adenocarcinoma can be beneficial for the early detection and treatment of additional Lynch syndrome-related cancers, especially in patients who are young or have mucinous adenocarcinomas.

Innovación tecnológica y externalización de procesos de conocimiento

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Benxamín Porto

2011-05-01

Full Text Available La sinergia entre innovación tecnológica y globalización de las TIC facilita la subcontratación global de la interpretación. La digitalización de imágenes y las comunicaciones globales reconfiguran los procesos de imagen médica. La digitalización de imágenes permite la exportación vía Internet a consultores externos globales flexibilizando los procesos de conocimiento y generando incertidumbre en los actores tradicionales. La tecnología como imperativo de la racionalidad y eficiencia transforma los procesos y crea redes horizontales de organizaciones globales que flexibilizan el modelo organizativo tradicional.

A comparative study on the metabolism of Epimedium koreanum Nakai-prenylated flavonoids in rats by an intestinal enzyme (lactase phlorizin hydrolase) and intestinal flora.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Jing; Chen, Yan; Wang, Ying; Gao, Xia; Qu, Ding; Liu, Congyan

2013-12-24

The aim of this study was to compare the significance of the intestinal hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids in Herba Epimedii by an intestinal enzyme and flora. Flavonoids were incubated at 37 °C with rat intestinal enzyme and intestinal flora. HPLC-UV was used to calculate the metabolic rates of the parent drug in the incubation and LC/MS/MS was used to determine the chemical structures of metabolites generated by different flavonoid glycosides. Rates of flavonoid metabolism by rat intestinal enzyme were quicker than those of intestinal flora. The sequence of intestinal flora metabolic rates was icariin>epimedin B>epimedin A>epimedin C>baohuoside I, whereas the order of intestinal enzyme metabolic rates was icariin>epimedin A>epimedin C>epimedin B>baohuoside I. Meanwhile, the LC/MS/MS graphs showed that icariin produced three products, epimedin A/B/C had four and baohuoside I yielded one product in incubations of both intestinal enzyme and flora, which were more than the results of HPLC-UV due to the fact LC/MS/MS has lower detectability and higher sensitivity. Moreover, the outcomes indicated that the rate of metabolization of flavonoids by intestinal enzyme were faster than those of intestinal flora, which was consistent with the HPLC-UV results. In conclusion, the metabolic pathways of the same components by intestinal flora and enzyme were the same. What's more, an intestinal enzyme such as lactase phlorizin hydrolase exhibited a more significant metabolic role in prenylated flavonoids of Herba Epimedi compared with intestinal flora.

Plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) concentrations increase following intestinal ischemia in pigs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Niewold, T.A.; Meinen, M.; Meulen, van der J.

2004-01-01

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is an intracellular epithelial protein in the intestinal mucosa of many animals. IFABP appears in the circulation following epithelial damage, and in humans, is proven to be a parameter for damage to the mucosa. In this paper, an ELISA test designed for

Rediseño de procesos en un almacén de respuestos de maquinaria pesada.

OpenAIRE

De la Cruz Salazar, Jhony; De la Cruz Salazar, Jhony

2012-01-01

El presente informe denominado “Rediseño de procesos en un almacén de repuestos de maquinaria pesada" tiene como objetivo aplicar un método para rediseñar los procesos del almacén referido buscando la optimización. El informe describe los procesos de: Recepción, Almacenamiento y Despacho; identificando las actividades que no agregan valor y que generan unos retrasos en los despachos. En este informe se presentan tres acciones a ejecutar para lograr la optimización y realizar una redistr...

[Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease)].

Science.gov (United States)

Vignes, S; Bellanger, J

2017-08-31

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), Waldmann's disease, is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by dilated intestinal lacteals leading to lymph leakage into the small-bowel lumen and responsible for protein-losing enteropathy leading to lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. PIL is generally diagnosed before 3 years of age but may be diagnosed in older patients. The main symptom is bilateral lower limb edema. Edema may be moderate to severe including pleural effusion, pericarditis or ascites. Protein-losing enteropathy is confirmed by the elevated 24-h stool α1-antitrypsin clearance and diagnosis by endoscopic observation of intestinal lymphangiectasia with the corresponding histology of biopsies. Videocapsule endoscopy may be useful when endoscopic findings are not contributive. Several B-cell lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract or with extra-intestinal localizations were reported in PIL patients. A long-term strictly low-fat diet associated with medium-chain triglyceride and liposoluble vitamin supplementation is the cornerstone of PIL medical management. Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, have been proposed with an inconsistent efficacy in association with diet. Surgical small-bowel resection is useful in the rare cases with segmental and localized intestinal lymphangiectasia. A prolonged clinical and biological follow-up is recommended. Copyright © 2017 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Intestinal circulation during inhalation anesthesia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tverskoy, M.; Gelman, S.; Fowler, K.C.; Bradley, E.L.

1985-01-01

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of inhalational agents on the intestinal circulation in an isolated loop preparation. Sixty dogs were studied, using three intestinal segments from each dog. Selected intestinal segments were pumped with aortic blood at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg. A mixture of 86 Rb and 9-microns spheres labeled with 141 Ce was injected into the arterial cannula supplying the intestinal loop, while mesenteric venous blood was collected for activity counting. A very strong and significant correlation was found between rubidium clearance and microsphere entrapment (r = 0.97, P less than 0.0001). Nitrous oxide anesthesia was accompanied by a higher vascular resistance (VR), lower flow (F), rubidium clearance (Cl-Rb), and microspheres entrapment (Cl-Sph) than pentobarbital anesthesia, indicating that the vascular bed in the intestinal segment was constricted and flow (total and nutritive) decreased. Halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane anesthesia were accompanied by a much lower arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO 2 ) and oxygen uptake than pentobarbital or nitrous oxide. Compared with pentobarbital, enflurane anesthesia was not accompanied by marked differences in VR, F, Cl-Rb, and Cl-Sph; halothane at 2 MAC decreased VR and increased F and Cl-Rb while isoflurane increased VR and decreased F. alpha-Adrenoceptor blockade with phentolamine (1 mg . kg-1) abolished isoflurane-induced vasoconstriction, suggesting that the increase in VR was mediated via circulating catecholamines

Intestinal mucus accumulation in a child with acutemyeloblastic leukemia

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Namık Özbek

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Intestinal mucus accumulation is a very rare situation observed in some solid tumors, intestinal inflammation, mucosal hyperplasia, elevated intestinal pressure, and various other diseases. However, it has never been described in acute myeloblastic leukemia. The pathogenesis of intestinal mucus accumulation is still not clear. Here, we report a 14-year-old girl with acute myeloblastic leukemia and febrile neutropenia in addition to typhlitis. She was also immobilized due to joint contractures of the lower extremities and had intestinal mucus accumulation, which was, at first, misdiagnosed as intestinal parasitosis. We speculate that typhlitis, immobilization and decreased intestinal motility due to usage of antiemetic drugs might have been the potential etiologic factors in this case. However, its impact on prognosis of the primary disease is unknown.

Disrupted intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and its restoration with Lactobacillus GG: a randomised clinical trial.

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Eugenia Bruzzese

Full Text Available Intestinal inflammation is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF. Administration of probiotics can reduce intestinal inflammation and the incidence of pulmonary exacerbations. We investigated the composition of intestinal microbiota in children with CF and analyzed its relationship with intestinal inflammation. We also investigated the microflora structure before and after Lactobacillus GG (LGG administration in children with CF with and without antibiotic treatment.The intestinal microbiota were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by measuring fecal calprotectin (CLP and rectal nitric oxide (rNO production in children with CF as compared with healthy controls. We then carried out a small double-blind randomized clinical trial with LGG.Twenty-two children with CF children were enrolled in the study (median age, 7 years; range, 2-9 years. Fecal CLP and rNO levels were higher in children with CF than in healthy controls (184±146 µg/g vs. 52±46 µg/g; 18±15 vs. 2.6±1.2 µmol/L NO2 (-, respectively; P<0.01. Compared with healthy controls, children with CF had significantly different intestinal microbial core structures. The levels of Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were reduced in children with CF. A similar but more extreme pattern was observed in children with CF who were taking antibiotics. LGG administration reduced fecal CLP and partially restored intestinal microbiota. There was a significant correlation between reduced microbial richness and intestinal inflammation.CF causes qualitative and quantitative changes in intestinal microbiota, which may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of CF. Administration of probiotics restored gut microbiota, supporting

Análisis estratégico del proceso productivo en el sector industrial

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Guillermo Rodríguez Medina

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo contiene una reflexión sobre los factores claves de éxito para el análisis estratégico del proceso productivo del sector industrial, cuyo objetivo es tratar aspectos fundamentales para las estrategias de modernización como el diseño de los productos, la selección del sistema productivo y de la tecnología, la planificación de la capacidad, la ubicación y distribución de las instalaciones, el diseño de los procesos, la cadena de valor, el aseguramiento de la calidad, el sistema de producción justo a tiempo, la gestión de inventarios, de los recursos humanos y de los sistemas de información. Estos factores fueron examinados a través de una revisión bibliográfica, cuyo resultado permitió contrastar diferentes autores, analizar y sistematizar los procesos conceptuales relevantes para garantizar el éxito potencial sostenido del proceso productivo en las dimensiones del tiempo de las diversas organizaciones, en la búsqueda de maximizar la eficiencia y el aumento de la productividad.

Differentiation-dependent activation of the human intestinal alkaline phosphatase promoter by HNF-4 in intestinal cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Line; Bressendorff, Simon; Troelsen, Jesper T

2005-01-01

The intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPI) encodes a digestive brush-border enzyme, which is highly upregulated during small intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. To identify new putative promoter motifs responsible for the regulation of ALPI expression during differentiation of the en...

Relevancia e Inferencia: Procesos cognitivos propios de la comunicación humana

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Moya Pardo Constanza

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende mostrar los planteamientos cognitivos más representativos de la Teoría de la Relevancia propuesta por Spelber & Wilson con respecto al modelo ostensivoinferencial. Este modelo plantea un mecanismo deductivo explícito que da cuenta de los procesos y estrategias que permiten el paso del significado literal a la interpretación pragmática de los mensajes en el proceso de comunicación humana.

Relevancia e Inferencia: Procesos cognitivos propios de la comunicación humana

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Constanza Moya Pardo

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende mostrar los planteamientos cognitivos más representativos de la Teoría de la Relevancia propuesta por Spelber & Wilson con respecto al modelo ostensivo-inferencial. Este modelo plantea un mecanismo deductivo explícito que da cuenta de los procesos y estrategias que permiten el paso del significado literal a la interpretación pragmática de los mensajes en el proceso de comunicación humana.

Lymphangiectasia of small intestine presenting as intussusception

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Katoch Pervez

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Intussusception is defined as telescoping of a segment of gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent one. In small children, it is the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction. More than 90% of childhood intussusceptions are idiopathic. We report a rare case of localized small intestinal lymphangiectasia, presenting as intussusception in a 6-month-old male child. The child presented with features of acute intestinal obstruction for which he was later operated. The gross examination of excised ileocecal mass revealed intussusception. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphangiectasia of small intestine, which acted as a lead point for ileocecal intussusception. Postoperative period was uneventful.

Lymphangiectasia of small intestine presenting as intussusception.

Science.gov (United States)

Katoch, Pervez; Bhardwaj, Subhash

2008-01-01

Intussusception is defined as telescoping of a segment of gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent one. In small children, it is the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction. More than 90% of childhood intussusceptions are idiopathic. We report a rare case of localized small intestinal lymphangiectasia, presenting as intussusception in a 6-month-old male child. The child presented with features of acute intestinal obstruction for which he was later operated. The gross examination of excised ileocecal mass revealed intussusception. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphangiectasia of small intestine, which acted as a lead point for ileocecal intussusception. Postoperative period was uneventful.

Inflammasome in Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer

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Tiago Nunes

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The activation of specific cytosolic pathogen recognition receptors, the nucleotide-binding-oligomerization-domain- (NOD- like receptors (NLRs, leads to the assembly of the inflammasome, a multimeric complex platform that activates caspase-1. The caspase-1 pathway leads to the upregulation of important cytokines from the interleukin (IL-1 family, IL-1β, and IL-18, with subsequent activation of the innate immune response. In this review, we discuss the molecular structure, the mechanisms behind the inflammasome activation, and its possible role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal cancer. Here, we show that the available data points towards the importance of the inflammasome in the innate intestinal immune response, being the complex involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, correct intestinal barrier function and efficient elimination of invading pathogens.

Multispectral tissue characterization for intestinal anastomosis optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Cha, Jaepyeong; Shademan, Azad; Le, Hanh N. D.; Decker, Ryan; Kim, Peter C. W.; Kang, Jin U.; Krieger, Axel

2015-10-01

Intestinal anastomosis is a surgical procedure that restores bowel continuity after surgical resection to treat intestinal malignancy, inflammation, or obstruction. Despite the routine nature of intestinal anastomosis procedures, the rate of complications is high. Standard visual inspection cannot distinguish the tissue subsurface and small changes in spectral characteristics of the tissue, so existing tissue anastomosis techniques that rely on human vision to guide suturing could lead to problems such as bleeding and leakage from suturing sites. We present a proof-of-concept study using a portable multispectral imaging (MSI) platform for tissue characterization and preoperative surgical planning in intestinal anastomosis. The platform is composed of a fiber ring light-guided MSI system coupled with polarizers and image analysis software. The system is tested on ex vivo porcine intestine tissue, and we demonstrate the feasibility of identifying optimal regions for suture placement.

Intestinal mal-rotation in adults. CT findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vazquez Munoz, Enrique; Ramiro Ramiro, Esther; Perez Villacastin, Benjamin; Learra Martinez, Maria C.; Franco Lopez, Maria A.

2004-01-01

We review 7 adult cases of intestinal mal-rotation who were studied with CT. All patients had a small bowel located in the right hemi abdomen, abnormal location of superior mesenteric vein relative to superior mesenteric artery. Superior mesenteric vein was located anteriorly and to the left of superior mesenteric artery. In patients who suffered intestinal volvulus a 'whirlpool' sign was observed, due to the helicoidal torsion of the intestine and mesentery surrounding superior mesenteric artery. In 3 cases CT demonstrated absence or poor development of the pancreas uncinate process. In 2 patients CT revealed polysplenia. CT played a major role in 3 patients with volvulus as a complication of intestinal mal-rotation. CT also demonstrated unsuspected mal-rotation in one asymptomatic patient. In 3 cases with classic symptoms CT confirmed the intestinal mal-rotation diagnosed by barium studies. (author)

Bioactive Milk for Intestinal Maturation in Preterm Neonates

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Li, Yanqi

The fetal small intestine grows dramatically fast during the second and third trimester of human pregnancy. Many intestinal functions are therefore affected by preterm birth, including gastrointestinal motility, digestive and absorptive function, mucosal barrier function, and the intestinal...

Starved Guts: Morphologic and Functional Intestinal Changes in Malnutrition.

Science.gov (United States)

Attia, Suzanna; Feenstra, Marjon; Swain, Nathan; Cuesta, Melina; Bandsma, Robert H J

2017-11-01

Malnutrition contributes significantly to death and illness worldwide and especially to the deaths of children younger than 5 years. The relation between intestinal changes in malnutrition and morbidity and mortality has not been well characterized; however, recent research indicates that the functional and morphologic changes of the intestine secondary to malnutrition itself contribute significantly to these negative clinical outcomes and may be potent targets of intervention. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge of experimental and clinically observed changes in the intestine from malnutrition preclinical models and human studies. Limited clinical studies have shown villous blunting, intestinal inflammation, and changes in the intestinal microbiome of malnourished children. In addition to these findings, experimental data using various animal models of malnutrition have found evidence of increased intestinal permeability, upregulated intestinal inflammation, and loss of goblet cells. More mechanistic studies are urgently needed to improve our understanding of malnutrition-related intestinal dysfunction and to identify potential novel targets for intervention.

Mejora de procesos en la producción de rollos de alfalfa en los sistemas lecheros argentinos

OpenAIRE

Urrets Zavalía, Gastón

2014-01-01

RESUMEN - CAPITULO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN - 1.1. Motivación - 1.2. Introducción a la problemática - 1.3. Objetivos - 1.4. Marco Teórico - 1.5. Alcance - 1.6. Metodología - CAPITULO 2: MARCO TEORICO - 2.1. ADMINISTRACIÓN DE OPERACIONES - 2.1.1. Diferencia entre Bienes y Servicios - 2.1.2. Evolución histórica de la Administración de Operaciones - 2.2. GESTIÓN POR PROCESOS - 2.2.1. Concepto de proceso - 2.2.2. Elementos de un Proceso - 2.2.3. Gestión por Procesos vs Enfoque Funcional - 2.3. MEJORA DE P...

Enteric Virome Sensing—Its Role in Intestinal Homeostasis and Immunity

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Rebecca N. Metzger

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs sensing commensal microorganisms in the intestine induce tightly controlled tonic signaling in the intestinal mucosa, which is required to maintain intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis. At the same time, PRR signaling pathways rapidly trigger the innate immune defense against invasive pathogens in the intestine. Intestinal epithelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are critically involved in sensing components of the microbiome and regulating immune responses in the intestine to sustain immune tolerance against harmless antigens and to prevent inflammation. These processes have been mostly investigated in the context of the bacterial components of the microbiome so far. The impact of viruses residing in the intestine and the virus sensors, which are activated by these enteric viruses, on intestinal homeostasis and inflammation is just beginning to be unraveled. In this review, we will summarize recent findings indicating an important role of the enteric virome for intestinal homeostasis as well as pathology when the immune system fails to control the enteric virome. We will provide an overview of the virus sensors and signaling pathways, operative in the intestine and the mononuclear phagocyte subsets, which can sense viruses and shape the intestinal immune response. We will discuss how these might interact with resident enteric viruses directly or in context with the bacterial microbiome to affect intestinal homeostasis.

Measures to minimize small intestine injury in the irradiated pelvis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, N.; Iba, G.; Smith, W.R.

1975-01-01

Small intestine injury causes long-term suffering and high mortality. Five of 187 of our patients had developed serious small intestine injury. Four patients had corrective surgery. Three patients died. All were women. Subsequently, all patients who received definitive pelvic irradiation had small intestine roentgenograms to determine its location and mobility. Female patients, thin patients, and elderly patients had larger amounts of small intestine in the whole pelvis, a deeper cul de sac, and a greater incidence of relatively immobile small intestine. Patients with relatively immobile small intestine in the treatment field may be predisposed to injury. There was no relationship of the incidence of relatively immobile small intestine to prior pelvic surgery. We used the findings from the small intestine roentgenograms to modify individually the radiotherapy regimen so as to minimize the risk for small intestine injury. Patients were placed in the prone position to displace the small intestine out of the treatment fields used for booster dose irradiation. The treatment field was modified to exclude the small intestine. The total tumor dose delivered was determined by expectations for cure vs complications. To date, none of the patients in this study group has developed small intestine injury. Cadaver studies showed the feasibility of elective shortening of the pelvic cul de sac. The small intestine can be displaced away from the bladder, prostate, or cervix. (U.S.)

Enteric Virome Sensing-Its Role in Intestinal Homeostasis and Immunity.

Science.gov (United States)

Metzger, Rebecca N; Krug, Anne B; Eisenächer, Katharina

2018-03-23

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sensing commensal microorganisms in the intestine induce tightly controlled tonic signaling in the intestinal mucosa, which is required to maintain intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis. At the same time, PRR signaling pathways rapidly trigger the innate immune defense against invasive pathogens in the intestine. Intestinal epithelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are critically involved in sensing components of the microbiome and regulating immune responses in the intestine to sustain immune tolerance against harmless antigens and to prevent inflammation. These processes have been mostly investigated in the context of the bacterial components of the microbiome so far. The impact of viruses residing in the intestine and the virus sensors, which are activated by these enteric viruses, on intestinal homeostasis and inflammation is just beginning to be unraveled. In this review, we will summarize recent findings indicating an important role of the enteric virome for intestinal homeostasis as well as pathology when the immune system fails to control the enteric virome. We will provide an overview of the virus sensors and signaling pathways, operative in the intestine and the mononuclear phagocyte subsets, which can sense viruses and shape the intestinal immune response. We will discuss how these might interact with resident enteric viruses directly or in context with the bacterial microbiome to affect intestinal homeostasis.

JAK/STAT-1 Signaling Is Required for Reserve Intestinal Stem Cell Activation during Intestinal Regeneration Following Acute Inflammation

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Camilla A. Richmond

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The intestinal epithelium serves as an essential barrier to the outside world and is maintained by functionally distinct populations of rapidly cycling intestinal stem cells (CBC ISCs and slowly cycling, reserve ISCs (r-ISCs. Because disruptions in the epithelial barrier can result from pathological activation of the immune system, we sought to investigate the impact of inflammation on ISC behavior during the regenerative response. In a murine model of αCD3 antibody-induced small-intestinal inflammation, r-ISCs proved highly resistant to injury, while CBC ISCs underwent apoptosis. Moreover, r-ISCs were induced to proliferate and functionally contribute to intestinal regeneration. Further analysis revealed that the inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha led to r-ISC activation in enteroid culture, which could be blocked by the JAK/STAT inhibitor, tofacitinib. These results highlight an important role for r-ISCs in response to acute intestinal inflammation and show that JAK/STAT-1 signaling is required for the r-ISC regenerative response.

Intestinal Volvulus in Idiopathic Steatorrhea

Science.gov (United States)

Warner, H. A.; Kinnear, D. G.; Cameron, D. G.

1963-01-01

Volvulus of the intestine has recently been observed in three patients with idiopathic steatorrhea in relapse. Two patients gave a history of intermittent abdominal pain, distension and obstipation. Radiographic studies during these attacks revealed obstruction at the level of the sigmoid colon. Reduction under proctoscopic control was achieved in one instance, spontaneous resolution occurring in the other. The third patient presented as a surgical emergency and underwent operative reduction of a small intestinal volvulus. Persistence of diarrhea and weight loss postoperatively led to further investigation and a diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhea. In all cases, treatment resulted in clinical remission with a coincident disappearance of obstructive intestinal symptoms. The pathogenesis of volvulus in sprue is poorly understood. Atonicity and dilatation of the bowel and stretching of the mesentery likely represent important factors. The symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain and distension in idiopathic steatorrhea necessitate an increased awareness of intestinal volvulus as a complication of this disease. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Figs. 4 and 5Fig. 6 PMID:13998948

Regulation of intestinal health by branched-chain amino acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Hua; Yu, Bing; Gao, Jun; Htoo, John Khun; Chen, Daiwen

2018-01-01

Besides its primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, the intestine also interacts with a complex external milieu, and is the first defense line against noxious pathogens and antigens. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is associated with enhanced intestinal permeability and development of various gastrointestinal diseases. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are important nutrients, which are the essential substrates for protein biosynthesis. Recently, emerging evidence showed that BCAAs are involved in maintaining intestinal barrier function. It has been reported that dietary supplementation with BCAAs promotes intestinal development, enhances enterocyte proliferation, increases intestinal absorption of amino acids (AA) and glucose, and improves the immune defenses of piglets. The underlying mechanism of these effects is mediated by regulating expression of genes and proteins associate with various signaling pathways. In addition, BCAAs promote the production of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of mice. Compelling evidence supports the notion that BCAAs play important roles in both nutrition and intestinal health. Therefore, as functional amino acids with various physiological effects, BCAAs hold key roles in promoting intestinal development and health in animals and humans. © 2017 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Estudio de ventajas energéticas en un proceso de destilación

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Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo desarrolla un método para comparar los gastos energéticos entre las configuraciones secuencial (reacción-separación y simultánea (destilación reactiva, analizando los flujos internos y externos de un proceso. Como ejemplo se utilizó una reacción tipo: A + B D C + D; con temperaturas de saturación: TCσprocesos convencionales para este tipo de procesos.

Therapeutic hypothermia reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The detached intestinal epithelial cells in hypothermia group showed ... of apoptosis than those in normothermia group at 4 h (17.30 ± 2.56 vs. ... intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, which could be attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia.

Gintonin absorption in intestinal model systems

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Byung-Hwan Lee

2018-01-01

Conclusion: The present study shows that gintonin could be absorbed in the intestine through transcellular and paracellular diffusion, and active transport. In addition, the lipid component of gintonin might play a key role in its intestinal absorption.

Spectrum of diseases in acute intestinal obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masud, M.; Khan, A.; Gondal, Z.I.; Adil, M.

2015-01-01

To determine the etiological spectrum of acute intestinal obstruction in our clinical setup Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Surgical department of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from Jul 2012 to Jul 2013, over a period of about 1 year. Material and Methods: A total of 120 patients with acute mechanical intestinal obstruction who underwent laparotomy were included in our study while those with non-mechanical intestinal obstruction like history of trauma and paralytic ileus were excluded from the study. All the patients were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Emergency laparotomy was done and operative findings were recorded. Results: A total of 120 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction were included in this study out of which 93 (69.17%) were female and remaining 27 (30.83%) were males. Male to female ratio was 1:2.24. Age range of patients was 22-85 years. Out of 120 patients operated for acute intestinal obstruction post-op adhesions were found in 37 (30.83%) patients followed by intestinal tuberculosis in 23 (19.17%) patients, obstructed inguinal hernias in 13 (10.83%), gut malignancies in 15 (12.5%) , Meckel's diverticulum with bands in 7 (5.83%), volvulus in 7 (5.83%), perforated appendix in 6 (5%), intussusception in 2 (1.7%), inflammatory bands in 5 (4.17%), trichobezoar and faecal impaction in 2 (1.7%) while in 3 (2.5%) patients no definite cause was found. Conclusion: Post-op adhesions are the commonest cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction in our setup followed by intestinal tuberculosis as second most common clinical pattern of presentation. (author)

El trabajo en equipo en el Proceso Administrativo y de Compras en OPL Carga de Bucaramanga

OpenAIRE

Silva Remolina, Maria Andrea

2014-01-01

El proceso administrativo y de compras de OPL Carga tiene algunas falencias entre ellas: fallas en la Comunicación entre el personal operativo, no se realizan llamadas internas usando con frecuencia el email, produciendo la saturación de solicitudes las cuales terminan sin ser resueltas en cuanto a roles se refiere, no hay enfoque de procesos en vista que no se tiene claras las tareas de cada cargo, adicionalmente no hay claridad en los subprocesos, perjudicando el proceso con el a...

Neonatal intestinal obstruction in Benin, Nigeria

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Osifo Osarumwense

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Intestinal obstruction is a life threatening condition in the newborn, with attendant high mortality rate especially in underserved subregion. This study reports the aetiology, presentation, and outcome of intestinal obstruction management in neonates. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of neonatal intestinal obstruction at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria, between January 2006-June 2008. Data were collated on a structured proforma and analysed for age, sex, weight, presentation, type/date of gestation/delivery, aetiology, clinical presentation, associated anomaly, treatment, and outcome. Results: There were 71 neonates, 52 were males and 19 were females (2.7:1. Their age range was between 12 hours and 28 days (mean, 7.9 ± 2.7 days and they weighed between 1.8 and 5.2 kg (average, 3.2 kg. The causes of intestinal obstruction were: Anorectal anomaly, 28 (39.4%; Hirschsprung′s disease, 8 (11.3%′ prematurity, 3 (4.2%; meconeum plug, 2 (2.8%; malrotation, 6 (8.5%; intestinal atresia, 8 (11.3%; necrotising enterocolitis (NEC, 4 (5.6%; obstructed hernia, 4 (5.6%; and spontaneous gut perforation, 3 (4.2%. Also, 27 (38% children had colostomy, 24 (33.8% had laparotomy, 9 (12.8% had anoplasty, while 11 (15.4% were managed nonoperatively. A total of 41 (57.7% neonates required incubator, 26 (36.6% needed total parenteral nutrition, while 15 (21.1% require d paediatric ventilator. Financial constraint, late presentation, presence of multiple anomalies, aspiration, sepsis, gut perforation, and bowel gangrene were the main contributors to death. Neonates with lower obstructions had a better outcome compared to those having upper intestinal obstruction ( P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Outcomes of intestinal obstruction are still poor in our setting; late presentation, financial constraints, poor parental motivation and lack of basic facilities were the major determinants of mortality.

Procesos de soldadura aplicados en la construccion naval.

OpenAIRE

Pacheco Guillen, Victor

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo, tiene como propósito mostrar los distintos métodos que existen para realizar trabajos de corte y soldadura submarina. Para ello, se explican los procesos de funcionamiento, así como las herramientas que se utilizan, las técnicas de uso, precauciones y aplicaciones.

Tissue response after radiation exposure. Intestine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otsuka, Kensuke; Tomita, Masanori; Yamauchi, Motohiro; Iwasaki, Toshiyasu

2014-01-01

Gastrointestinal syndrome followed by 'gut death' is due to intestinal disorders. This syndrome is induced by high-dose (>10 Gy) of ionizing radiation. Recovery from the gastrointestinal syndrome would depend on the number of survived clonogens and regeneration capability of crypts. These tissue alterations can be observed by high-dose radiation, however, cellular dynamics in crypts can be affected by low-dose radiation. For example, Potten et al. found that low-dose radiation induce apoptosis of intestinal stem cells, which produce all differentiated function cells. Recently, intestinal stem cells are characterized by molecular markers such as Lgr5. Since intestinal adenomas can be induced by deletion of Apc gene in Lgr5 + stem cells, it is widely recognized that Lgr5 + stem cells are the cell-of-origin of cancer. Duodenal Lgr5 + stem cells are known as radioresistant cells, however, we found that ionizing radiation significantly induces the turnover of colonic Lgr5 + stem cells. Combined with the knowledge of other radioresistant markers, stem-cell dynamics in tissue after irradiation are becoming clear. The present review introduces the history of gastrointestinal syndrome and intestinal stem cells, and discusses those future perspectives. (author)

Bile acids in regulation of intestinal physiology.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Keating, Niamh

2009-10-01

In addition to their roles in facilitating lipid digestion and absorption, bile acids are recognized as important regulators of intestinal function. Exposure to bile acids can dramatically influence intestinal transport and barrier properties; in recent years, they have also become appreciated as important factors in regulating cell growth and survival. Indeed, few cells reside within the intestinal mucosa that are not altered to some degree by exposure to bile acids. The past decade saw great advances in the knowledge of how bile acids exert their actions at the cellular and molecular levels. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of bile acids in regulation of intestinal physiology.

Factors influencing physiological FDG uptake in the intestine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasuda, Seiei; Takahashi, Wakoh; Takagi, Shigeharu; Fujii, Hirofumi; Ide, Michiru; Shohtsu, Akira

1998-01-01

The intestine is a well-known site of physiological 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in positron emission tomography (PET). To identify factors influencing physiological FDG uptake in the intestine, the intensity of FDG uptake was evaluated in a total of 1,068 healthy adults. Non-attenuation-corrected whole-body PET images were obtained for all subjects and visually evaluated. Subjects were then classified into two groups according to the intensity of intestinal FDG uptake. Sex, age, presence or absence of constipation, and serum glucose, hemoglobin A 1 c, and free fatty acid levels were compared between the two groups. High intestinal FDG uptake was observed at an overall rate of 11.0%. Sex (female), age, and bowel condition (constipation) were found to affect intestinal FDG uptake. The factors we identified lead to further questions the relationship between intestinal motility and glucose uptake that warrant further study. (author)

Nuevas tendencias en sistemas de información : procesos y servicios

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Adolfo Rodríguez de Soto

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Las organizaciones están viviendo un cambio en el paradigma de desarrollo de sus sistemas de información: de los datos a los procesos. La finalidad que se persigue con ello es enfatizar los procesos de negocio para conseguir arquitecturas más ágiles y flexibles adaptables a los continuos cambios que se producen en los mercados en los que las organizaciones desarrollan su negocio. El objetivo es independizar la gestión de los procesos de negocio de las aplicaciones, para que cualquier modificación en la lógica de negocio no afecte al código de las aplicaciones. Para ello se utilizarán sistemas de gestión de procesos de negocio (BPMS. Es una revolución similar a la que se produjo al asilar la gestión de los datos de las aplicaiones, con la llegada de las bases de datos y el modelo relacional. Este cambio de arquitectura, orientada a los procesos, se consigue más fácilmente si la organización dispone ya de una arquitectura orientada a servicios que además le permitirá exteriorizar su funcionalidad en forma de servicios web. Los procesos de negocio combinarán estos servicos mediante orquestación y coreografías. En este trabajo se aborda la descripción general de los BPMS, estudiando su relación con la integración de aplicaciones y arquitecturas de servicios.Organizations are living a paradigm shift in the development of their information systems: from data to process. The objective is tho emphasize business process to obtain flexible and agile architectures and hence to be capable to face the continuous changes that take place in the environment where the organizations make their business. The purpose is making independent the business process management of software applications and so to achieve that a change in business rules have not a big impact in applications software code. To carry out this goal it will be necessary to build Business Process Management Systems. A similar revolution took place when the introduction of

PROCESOS DE EROSIÓN EN LOS BADLANDS ALICANTINOS

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A. Cerdà i Bolinches

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Los procesos de erosión son muy activos en la provincia de Alicante debido a las reducidas e irregulares precipitaciones, al substrato altamente erosionable y al milenario uso antrópico. Estas condiciones dan lugar a la formación de zonas acarcavadas o badlands, los cuales contribuyen con elevados volúmenes de agua y sedimentos a los cauces. A partir de experimentos con lluvia simulada se estudian los procesos de erosión y se cuantifican sus tasas a escala de entre-regueros (< 1 m 2 en dos zonas de badlands típicos del territorio alicantino: Monnegre y Petrer. En general, las tasas de erosión y escorrentía son muy elevadas, lo que se debe al rápido encharcamiento y la inmediata formación de la escorrentía superficial con la lluvia. La zona de Monnegre presenta menores pérdidas de agua, suelo y solutos que la de Petrer, aunque las diferencias dentro de cada zona son mayores que entre ellas. La inexistencia de cubierta vegetal y fragmen- tos de roca da lugar a altas tasas de escorrentía (54% y concentración de sedimentos que oscilan entre 20 y 82 g l -1 , por lo que las tasas de erosión son muy altas (1,5 Kg m 2 h -1 . La pendiente es el factor más importante de las tasas de erosión en los badlands, a lo que hay que sumar el control químico de los procesos de erosión.

Evolutionary insights into postembryonic development of adult intestinal stem cells

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Ishizuya-Oka Atsuko

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract In the adult vertebrate intestine, multi-potent stem cells continuously generate all of the epithelial cells throughout the adulthood. While it has long been known that the frog intestine is formed via the development of adult intestinal stem cells during thyroid hormone (TH-dependent metamorphosis, the basic structure of the adult intestine is formed by birth in mammals and it is unclear if the subsequent maturation of the intestine involves any changes in the intestinal stem cells. Two recent papers showing that B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1 regulates postnatal epithelial stem cell reprogramming during mouse intestinal maturation support the model that adult intestinal stem cells are developed during postembryonic development in mammals, in a TH-dependent process similar to intestinal remodeling during amphibian metamorphosis. Since the formation of the adult intestine in both mammals and amphibians is closely associated with the adaptation from aquatic to terrestrial life during the peak of endogenous TH levels, the molecular mechanisms by which the adult stem cells are developed are likely evolutionally conserved.

Related radiation effects on the intestine and their treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bardychev, M.S.; Kurpeshcheva, A.K.; Kaplan, M.A.

1978-01-01

Late radiation injuries of the intestine are frequent after radiation therapy of malignant tumours of female genitalia and some other tumours due to which the intestine gets into the irradiation field. On the basis of the analysis of 80 patients with late radiation injuries of intestine which developed at remote terms after radiation therapy of cervix uteri cancer and corpus uteri (65 patients) and other tumours, peculiarities of the clinical course and treatment of radiation enterocolitis, rectosigmoidites and rectites are discussed. In 39 patients these injuries were concomitant with late radiation injuries of the skin and subcutaneous soft tissues. The clinical course of radiation unjuries of the intestine was defined by the character of the pathological process in the intestine and was more sharply marked in patients suffering from radiation enterocolites. It was established that one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of late radiation injuries of the intestine was a disorder of the absorption function of the intestine. Local treatment of radiation injuries of the intestine should be combined with a general one the important component of which is a parenteral diet

Sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de negociación comercial

OpenAIRE

Karel Manuel Domínguez-Rodríguez; Lino Téllez-Sánchez

2011-01-01

Se abordaron aspectos relacionados con el apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de negociación comercial teniendo en cuenta que ese proceso es una herramienta informática cuya finalidad es dinamizarlo, mediante la generación y evaluación sistemática de diferentes alternativas y escenarios de negocios, que permiten demostrar la viabilidad de la propuesta. El sistema asesora la actuación profesional en correspondencia con la necesidad que durante el proceso de negociación se anticipen est...

Consideraciones y criterios para la selección de procesos para la mejora: Procesos Diana/Considerations and criteria for the selection of processes for the improvement: Diana processes

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Alberto Medina-León

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Para implementar un procedimiento de Gestión y Mejora de Procesos, la literatura muestra una amplia revisión de procedimientos o metodologías, todas coincidentes con la necesidad de seleccionar los procesos a mejorar. La presente investigación hace énfasis en los criterios más comúnmente utilizados en la valoración para la selección del orden en que se realizará la mejora, lo que resultó en la recomendación de los criterios: impacto en los objetivos estratégicos y la repercusión en el cliente en cualquier condición existente; además del impacto a corto plazo, la variabilidad y la repetitividad, en dependencia de las necesidades de la organización. Este proceso de selección se sustenta en la utilización de herramientas como el análisis multivariado, el método Kendall para la selección de los procesos relevantes y la Matriz para la selección de los procesos Diana./There is a wealth of literature on procedures and methodologies for the implementation of a procedure of Process Management and Improvement, and all of them coincide with the need for selecting the processes that are going to be improved. This paper stresses the most commonly used criteria in the appraisal for the selection of the order in which the improvement will be made. As a result, there were recommended the following criteria: impact on the strategic objectives and the repercussion on the customer under any existing condition; as well as the short-term impact, the variability and the repetition, depending on the organization needs. This selection process is based on the utilization of instruments such as the multivariate analysis, the Kendall method for the selection of the relevant processes and the Matrix for the selection of the Diana processes.

Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction syndrome

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yeon, Kyung Mo; Seo, Jeong Kee; Lee, Yong Seok [Seoul National University Children' s Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1992-03-15

Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction syndrome is a rare clinical condition in which impaired intestinal peristalsis causes recurrent symptoms of bowel obstruction in the absence of a mechanical occlusion. This syndrome may involve variable segments of small or large bowel, and may be associated with urinary bladder retention. This study included 6 children(3 boys and 3 girls) of chronic intestinal obstruction. Four were symptomatic at birth and two were of the ages of one month and one year. All had abdominal distension and deflection difficulty. Five had urinary bladder distension. Despite parenteral nutrition and surgical intervention(ileostomy or colostomy), bowel obstruction persisted and four patients expired from sepses within one year. All had gaseous distension of small and large bowel on abdominal films. In small bowel series, consistent findings were variable degree of dilatation, decreased peristalsis(prolonged transit time) and microcolon or microrectum. This disease entity must be differentiated from congenital megacolon, ileal atresia and megacystis syndrome.

Ultrasonography of small intestinal obstructions: a contemporary approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, D A A; Froes, T R; Vilani, R G D O C; Guérios, S D; Obladen, A

2011-09-01

To assess the accuracy of intestinal ultrasound for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in dogs and cats. A prospective clinical study was performed. Inclusion criteria were dogs and cats with clinical signs suggestive of gastrointestinal obstruction. Animals with no obstruction detected on ultrasound were excluded if they could not be monitored for 48 hours to confirm absence of obstruction. Sonographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction was based on identification of at least two findings suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Ninety-two patients suspected of having intestinal obstruction were included. Correct diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was made in 21 cases (23%), and in 68 (74%) this diagnosis was excluded. Interpretation of the images on prospective analysis had sensitivity, positive predictive, specificity and negative predictive values of 100%, 87.5%, 95.8% and 100%, respectively. Ultrasonography is an excellent method for investigation of animals with gastrointestinal disorders, and is particularly useful for excluding obstructive processes. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.

Impacto del proceso de liofilización en la calidad de las fresas

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Mahacine Amrani

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo expone el análisis y la modelación cinética de la deshidratación de las fresas enteras y por sec-ciones, durante el proceso de la liofilización. Fue utilizado un liofilizador Virtis 35L Gardiner. La liofilización se realizó a varias temperaturas de la plancha y para varios gruesos de producto, observándose que el aumento en la temperatura del plato de 30 a 70°C en el curso de la liofilización reduce la duración de este proceso en el caso de las fresas enteras de 48h a 36h y de 12h a 8h en el caso de las secciones, para obtener productos secos estables. El estudio del impacto de diferentes parámetros de la liofilización de las fresas demuestra que la temperatura tiene una incidencia importante en la reducción de la duración del proceso. Esto hace bajar los costos del proceso mientras se preserva la calidad de la fruta seca, abriendo así con el uso de esta tecnología el campo en el tratamiento de los productos alimenticios nuevos.

Natural compound methyl protodioscin protects against intestinal inflammation through modulation of intestinal immune responses

OpenAIRE

Zhang, Rongli; Gilbert, Shila; Yao, Xinsheng; Vallance, Jefferson; Steinbrecher, Kris; Moriggl, Richard; Zhang, Dongsheng; Eluri, Madhu; Chen, Haifeng; Cao, Huiqing; Shroyer, Noah; Denson, Lee; Han, Xiaonan

2015-01-01

Dioscoreaceae, a kind of yam plant, has been recommended for treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanisms are poorly defined. Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is one of the main bioactive components in Dioscoreaceae. Here, we aim to determine the mechanisms by which MPD ameliorates intestinal inflammation. Surgical intestinal specimens were collected from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients to perform organ culture. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by dextran ...

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

Science.gov (United States)

Whipple, G. H.; Stone, H. B.; Bernheim, B. M.

1913-01-01

Closed duodenal loops may be made in dogs by ligatures placed just below the pancreatic duct and just beyond the duodenojejunal junction, together with a posterior gastro-enterostomy. These closed duodenal loop dogs die with symptoms like those of patients suffering from volvulus or high intestinal obstruction. This duodenal loop may simulate closely a volvulus in which there has been no vascular disturbance. Dogs with closed duodenal loops which have been washed out carefully survive a little longer on the average than animals with unwashed loops. The duration of life in the first instance is one to three days, with an average of about forty-eight hours. The dogs usually lose considerable fluid by vomiting and diarrhea. A weak pulse, low blood pressure and temperature are usually conspicuous in the last stages. Autopsy shows more or less splanchnic congestion which may be most marked in the mucosa of the upper small intestine. The peritoneum is usually clear and the closed loop may be distended with thin fluid, or collapsed, and contain only a small amount of pasty brown material. The mucosa of the loop may show ulceration and even perforation, but in the majority of cases it is intact and exhibits only a moderate congestion. Simple intestinal obstruction added to a closed duodenal loop does not modify the result in any manner, but it may hasten the fatal outcome. The liver plays no essential role as a protective agent against this poison, for a dog with an Eck fistula may live three days with a closed loop. A normal dog reacts to intraportal injection and to intravenous injection of the toxic substance in an identical manner. Drainage of this loop under certain conditions may not interfere with the general health over a period of weeks or months. Excision of the part of the duodenum included in this loop causes no disturbance. The material from the closed duodenal loops contains no bile, pancreatic juice, gastric juice, or split products from the food. It can be

Intestinal cholesterol secretion : future clinical implications

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jakulj, L.; Besseling, J.; Stroes, E. S. G.; Groen, A. K.

2013-01-01

Together with the liver, the intestine serves as a homeostatic organ in cholesterol metabolism. Recent evidence has substantiated the pivotal role of the intestine in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RCT is a fundamental antiatherogenic pathway, mediating the removal of cholesterol from tissues

Intestinal cholesterol secretion: future clinical implications

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jakulj, L.; Besseling, J.; Stroes, E. S. G.; Groen, A. K.

2013-01-01

Together with the liver, the intestine serves as a homeostatic organ in cholesterol metabolism. Recent evidence has substantiated the pivotal role of the intestine in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RCT is a fundamental antiatherogenic pathway, mediating the removal of cholesterol from tissues

Primary intestinal hodgkin′s lymphoma: An uncommon presentation

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Shruti Sharma

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Primary intestinal lymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative neoplasm of the small intestine. The primary nature is established on the basis of lack of evidence of lymphoma on chest X-ray, computerized tomographic scan, peripheral blood or bone marrow puncture. Tumor involvement is limited to the gastrointestinal tract, the criteria for inclusion are that the symptoms related to the small intestine are predominant or the only symptoms at the time of laparotomy. Hodgkin′s lymphoma (HL primarily in the small intestine is a rare entity and an uncommon presentation of the disease. Ileum is the more common site of infliction than the jejunum because of its abundant lymphoid follicles. Here, we present a case of primary intestinal HL, in a 30-year-old male.

Linfangiectasia intestinal e linfangite lipogranulomatosa em dois caninos Intestinal lymphangiectasia with lipogranulomatous lymphangitis in two dogs

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Marcia Regina da Silva Ilha

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Relatam-se dois casos adicionais de linfangiectasia intestinal e linfangite lipogranulomatosa (LI/LL em caninos. Sinais clínicos manifestados pelos animais afetados incluíam diarréia crônica, perda de peso, dificuldade respiratória e anorexia. À necropsia, a mucosa do intestino delgado apresentava-se pálida, macia e com aspecto aveludado mais evidente conferido por vilosidades esbranquiçadas, alongadas, mais visíveis e densamente aglomeradas formando tufos. Na borda mesentérica da serosa intestinal, havia lesões arredondadas, lisas, elevadas, firmes, brancacentas, de 1-3mm de diâmetro, que também acompanhavam os vasos linfáticos mesentéricos que estavam salientes e distendidos por material espesso e esbranquiçado. Carcaças em mau estado corporal, edema subcutâneo e efusões cavitárias também foram observados. Microscopicamente, havia acentuada ectasia dos vasos quilíferos das vilosidades intestinais associada à presença de lipogranulomas intramurais ou mesentéricos. No presente estudo, o diagnóstico definitivo de LI/LL foi realizado através do exame histológico do intestino delgado e mesentério associado. Desconhece-se a prevalência dessa enfermidade em caninos no Brasil.Two additional cases of intestinal lymphangiectasia with lipogranulomatous lymphangitis (IL/LL in dogs are described. Clinical signs in the affected animals included chronic diarrhea, weight loss, labored breathing and anorexia. At necropsy, the mucosa of the small intestine was pale, soft and had numerous white, elongated villi clumped together in tufts giving the surface of the intestinal mucosa a pronounced velvety pattern. White, round, smooth, raised, firm, pinpoint lesions, varying from 1-3mm of diameter, were observed on the serosal surface of the small intestine on its mesenteric border and along prominent mesenteric lymphatic vessels distended with thick, chalky white paste. Thin carcasses. subcutaneous edema and cavitary effusions were also

LA EVALUACIÓN INTEGRADORA DEL PROCESO DOCENTE EDUCATIVO EN LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA. PROBLEMAS ACTUALES

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Bernardo Jeffers Duarte

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo trata sobre la evaluación en la Educación Física, entendida como el control del rendimiento físico y el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas a partir de procedimientos con un carácter externalista. Se ofrece una caracterización de la evaluación actual de este proceso, así como algunas consideraciones teóricas desde el punto de vista didáctico y pedagógico que incluye la perfección de los conceptos proceso docente-educativo en la Educación Física y su categoría fundamental; la actividad motriz. Se enfatiza en la necesidad de dirigir y evaluar el referido proceso con el mismo rigor que en los aspectos técnicos del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.

Effects of probiotics and antibiotics on the intestinal homeostasis in a computer controlled model of the large intestine

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Rehman Ateequr

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Antibiotic associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection are frequent complications of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. Probiotic bacteria are used as therapeutic and preventive agents in these disorders, but the exact functional mechanisms and the mode of action are poorly understood. The effects of clindamycin and the probiotic mixture VSL#3 (containing the 8 bacterial strains Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus consecutively or in combination were investigated and compared to controls without therapy using a standardized human fecal microbiota in a computer-controlled in vitro model of large intestine. Microbial metabolites (short chain fatty acids, lactate, branched chain fatty acids, and ammonia and the intestinal microbiota were analyzed. Results Compared to controls and combination therapy, short chain fatty acids and lactate, but also ammonia and branched chain fatty acids, were increased under probiotic therapy. The metabolic pattern under combined therapy with antibiotics and probiotics had the most beneficial and consistent effect on intestinal metabolic profiles. The intestinal microbiota showed a decrease in several indigenous bacterial groups under antibiotic therapy, there was no significant recovery of these groups when the antibiotic therapy was followed by administration of probiotics. Simultaneous application of anti- and probiotics had a stabilizing effect on the intestinal microbiota with increased bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Conclusions Administration of VSL#3 parallel with the clindamycin therapy had a beneficial and stabilizing effect on the intestinal metabolic homeostasis by decreasing toxic metabolites and protecting the endogenic microbiota from destruction. Probiotics could be a reasonable

Los procesos iniciales de lecto-escritura en el nivel de educación inicia

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Ana Lupita Chaves Salas

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de los procesos iniciales de lecto-escritura, propósito de este artículo, parte de una descripción de la función de la educación inicial y de cómo en este nivel se han incentivado dichos procesos. Posteriormente, se estudia la apropiación de la lengua escrita por parte de la niña y el niño, concebida como un proceso constructivo, interactivo y de producción cultural. Finalmente, se hacen algunas reflexiones con el fin de provocar la discusión en torno a este tema entre las personas interesadas, y así, contribuir a la transformación del nivel inicial del sistema educativo costarricense.

Algunas consideraciones generales acerca de la evaluación del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

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Ceila Matos Columbié

2017-11-01

Full Text Available La evaluación es una temática muy tratada en los últimos tiempos, ningún proceso escapa a ella. Si se trata del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y de la calidad de éste, urge buscar procedimientos que faciliten y permitan la objetividad lo que garantizará la retroalimentación del mismo, de hecho, la evaluación se convierte en un importante elemento que facilita medir sus resultados. Se analizan aspectos generales acerca de este componente del proceso pedagógico.

Proceso editorial de una revista científica: cumpliendo con los requisitos de publicación

OpenAIRE

Hernández, Ronald M.

2015-01-01

El proceso editorial de una revista científica es un conjunto de herramientas, que permiten al autor y Editor, analizar los recursos necesarios desde la recepción de un artículo hasta su publicación. Con el objetivo de aclarar este proceso, en este artículo se hace una revisión de los requisitos que debe de cumplir un manuscrito para ser considerado como un producto de calidad y obtener el reconocimiento como tal, dentro del proceso investigativo, en la llamada era del conocimiento. Se descri...

estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje

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Jenny María Artavia Granados

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo considera los resultados de un estudio de caso, que muestra las interacciones personales que se suscitan cotidianamente, en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que una docente y sus estudiantes de primer grado, comparten en el salón de clases. Como elementos del estudio, se tomaron en cuenta el tipo de relación afectiva, el nivel de participación, así como el tipo de comunicación verbal y no verbal que fomenta la docente en la relación con los estudiantes. Por último, se presenta una serie de conclusiones que permiten reflexionar acerca de aquellos aspectos que podrían resultar precisos para desarrollar los procesos educativos armoniosos y comunicativos.

El proceso de democratización paraguayo: avances y resistencias

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Luis Miguel UHARTE POZAS

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El presente texto, teniendo como referente las nuevas conceptualizaciones que se están realizando en América Latina en torno a la democracia en los últimos tiempos, pretende realizar un balance del proceso de democratización que se ha desarrollado en Paraguay, tras la histórica derrota electoral del Partido Colorado en las elecciones presidenciales de abril de 2008. Se identifican brevemente las razones de la victoria de la heterogénea coalición de partidos liderada por el exobispo Fernando Lugo y, posteriormente, se presenta una evaluación provisional del proceso de democratización en tres de sus dimensiones: democratización política, democratización social y participación ciudadana.

¿Cuánto le cuesta al Estado un proceso judicial?

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Luis M. Prada Bernal

1997-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo el autor presenta una metodología para calcular los costos para el Estado de un juzgado y de un proceso judicial. Se analizan los resultados encontrados en un trabajo de campo que incluyó casos reales en las áreas de atención penal, laboral, de familia, civil y de menores, y se presenta un modelo para costear procesos judiciales tipo. Además, el artículo contiene cuadros y gráficas que facilitan su comprensión. El costo de un proceso judicial está conformado por los costos del despacho, del Tribunal Superior y de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, de acuerdo con el trámite surtido, y por los costos de otras instituciones del Estado relacionadas que apoyan el servicio de justicia, como la Fiscalía General de la Nación, el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, ICBF, el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, INPEC, la Policía Metropolitana, la Procuraduría General de la Nación y el Instituto de Medicina Legal. El modelo determina el costo para el Estado de un proceso tipo y está elaborado para la situación actual y para un juzgado civil del circuito de Santafé de Bogotá. Por ello, no es de aplicación general. Es necesario validarlo en varios juzgados y bajo condiciones logísticas y tecnológicas diferentes. Además, el modelo plantea una metodología que, bien implementada, podría generar indicadores válidos para evaluar la gestión de funcionarios, empleados y despachos judiciales.

Surgical management of radiation injury to the small intestine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swan, R.W.; Fowler, W.C. Jr., Boronow, R.C.

1976-01-01

Severe injury of the small intestine represents one of the most tragic complications of radiation of the pelvis and abdomen. Not uncommonly, patients die from the radiation or the treatment of its intestinal complications. More commonly, patients become intestinal cripples, secondary to chronic partial obstruction of the small intestine and malnutrition associated with the stagnant loop syndrome, as previously reported by one of us. Management results have been discouraging, usually because of a general lack of clinical recognition and understanding of radiation injury to the intestine. Medical management has not been satisfactory. It may provide temporary relief from symptoms, but not long-lasting. Surgical management, although frequently curative, has been associated with high death and morbidity rates. Many surgical procedures have been used in treating radiation injury to the small intestine. Generally, these fall into two categories: first, intestinal resection with primary anastomosis; and second, enteroenteric or enterocolic bypass. In the literature are reflected advocates for each method of surgical management.

Surgical treatment of radiation induced injuries of the intestine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitt, E.H.; Symmonds, R.E.

1981-12-01

In the patient who has received high dose irradiation of the pelvis and abdomen, all abdominopelvic operations should be avoided, unless it is absolutely essential. Persisting obstruction, hemorrhage, intestinal perforation with peritonitis and with abscess and fistula formation are valid indications for surgical intervention. Ninety-three patients have been operated upon for these complications after irradiation. Some anastomotic dehiscence occurred in ten patients. Six operative deaths occurred. Of the 93 patients, 65 were managed by means of complete resection of the involved segment of intestine, followed by restoration of intestinal continuity by means of an end-to-end anastomosis. This is the treatment of choice when the involved area can be safely resected. In the absence of actual intestinal necrosis and when segments of strictured small intestine are adherent deep in the pelvis, and intestinal bypass procedure may represent the treatment of choice. This was accomplished in 20 patients, two of whom eventually required a second operation for resection of the bypassed segment of intestine.

Surgical treatment of radiation induced injuries of the intestine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmitt, E.H.; Symmonds, R.E.

1981-01-01

In the patient who has received high dose irradiation of the pelvis and abdomen, all abdominopelvic operations should be avoided, unless it is absolutely essential. Persisting obstruction, hemorrhage, intestinal perforation with peritonitis and with abscess and fistula formation are valid indications for surgical intervention. Ninety-three patients have been operated upon for these complications after irradiation. Some anastomotic dehiscence occurred in ten patients. Six operative deaths occurred. Of the 93 patients, 65 were managed by means of complete resection of the involved segment of intestine, followed by restoration of intestinal continuity by means of an end-to-end anastomosis. This is the treatment of choice when the involved area can be safely resected. In the absence of actual intestinal necrosis and when segments of strictured small intestine are adherent deep in the pelvis, and intestinal bypass procedure may represent the treatment of choice. This was accomplished in 20 patients, two of whom eventually required a second operation for resection of the bypassed segment of intestine

Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation

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Bain, Calum C; Mowat, Allan McI

2014-01-01

The intestine contains the largest pool of macrophages in the body which are essential for maintaining mucosal homeostasis in the face of the microbiota and the constant need for epithelial renewal but are also important components of protective immunity and are involved in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, defining the biological roles of intestinal macrophages has been impeded by problems in defining the phenotype and origins of different populations of myeloid cells in the mucosa. Here, we discuss how multiple parameters can be used in combination to discriminate between functionally distinct myeloid cells and discuss the roles of macrophages during homeostasis and how these may change when inflammation ensues. We also discuss the evidence that intestinal macrophages do not fit the current paradigm that tissue-resident macrophages are derived from embryonic precursors that self-renew in situ, but require constant replenishment by blood monocytes. We describe our recent work demonstrating that classical monocytes constantly enter the intestinal mucosa and how the environment dictates their subsequent fate. We believe that understanding the factors that drive intestinal macrophage development in the steady state and how these may change in response to pathogens or inflammation could provide important insights into the treatment of IBD. PMID:24942685

Small Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Anisakiasis

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Yuichi Takano

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Small intestinal anisakiasis is a rare disease that is very difficult to diagnose, and its initial diagnosis is often surgical. However, it is typically a benign disease that resolves with conservative treatment, and unnecessary surgery can be avoided if it is appropriately diagnosed. This case report is an example of small intestinal obstruction caused by anisakiasis that resolved with conservative treatment. A 63-year-old man admitted to our department with acute abdominal pain. A history of raw fish (sushi ingestion was recorded. Abdominal CT demonstrated small intestinal dilatation with wall thickening and contrast enhancement. Ascitic fluid was found on the liver surface and in the Douglas pouch. His IgE (RIST was elevated, and he tested positive for the anti-Anisakis antibodies IgG and IgA. Small intestinal obstruction by anisakiasis was highly suspected and conservative treatment was performed, ileus tube, fasting, and fluid replacement. Symptoms quickly resolved, and he was discharged on the seventh day of admission. Small intestinal anisakiasis is a relatively uncommon disease, the diagnosis of which may be difficult. Because it is a self-limiting disease that usually resolves in 1-2 weeks, a conservative approach is advisable to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in adults - diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

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Jocić Tatiana

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disorder, characterized by abnormal dilation of intestinal lymphatic vessels and extensive enteric loss of lymph rich in plasma proteins, lymphocytes and chylomicrons. The main characteristics of the disease are hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphocytopenia, and more rarely, the deficit of liposoluble vitamins and anemia. Except for primary, there are secondary lymphangiectasia, associated with celiac disease, malignant, infective and inflammatory diseases of the small intestine, fibrosis, liver and cardiovascular diseases. Case report. A male, 33 years of age, presented for his medical examination suffering from diarrhea and edema. The diagnosis was established upon the histological examination of a small intestine biopsy during double balloon enteroscopy, which revealed changes only in one segment of the intestine examined. Such a finding was later confirmed by the video endoscopy capsule. Conclusion. The diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia is usually established before the age of 3, but it can also be diagnosed in adults. The diagnosis is based on the histological analysis of the intestinal mucosa biopsy, obtained by endoscopic procedures. The diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is also made upon the exclusion of secondary causes.

Intestinal Anisakiasis Treated Successfully with Prednisolone and Olopatadine Hydrochloride

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Hideki Toyoda

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The clinical characteristic of gastrointestinal anisakiasis is severe abdominal pain after eating raw fish. Intestinal anisakiasis is more uncommon than gastric anisakiasis. Most patients with intestinal anisakiasis need hospitalization because anisakiasis can cause intestinal obstruction, ileus, peritonitis or intestinal perforation. We report a case of intestinal anisakiasis. A 43-year-old woman presented with symptoms of intermittent abdominal pain 2 days after eating raw fish. Her brother had eaten the same food and had been suffering from gastric anisakiasis. Abdominal ultrasonography in this patient showed localized jejunal wall thickening with dilated lumen of proximal jejunum and ascites. According to the clinical course and examinations, she was diagnosed with intestinal anisakiasis. Administration of prednisolone 5 mg/day and olopatadine hydrochloride 10 mg/day improved her symptoms quickly without hospitalization. Prednisolone was administered for 10 days, and olopatadine hydrochloride was administered for a total of 6 weeks according to ultrasonographic findings. Six months after the treatment, the abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated normal findings. This case demonstrates that ultrasonography was quite useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of intestinal anisakiasis. Furthermore, treatment with corticosteroid and an antiallergic agent could be an option for patients with intestinal anisakiasis.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia associated with recurrence of histiocytosis X.

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Hui, C K

2011-09-01

Intestinal lymphangiectasia may occur as a primary congenital disorder or a secondary disorder. Secondary lymphangiectasia could be associated with diseases such as abdominal carcinoma, retroperitoneal fibrosis or chronic pancreatitis. This is the first reported case of intestinal lymphangiectasia associated with recurrent histiocytosis X. This case report illustrates the need for more prospective, well-designed studies to determine the natural history and outcome of intestinal lymphangiectasia in the duodenum. Hopefully, these studies will also help clinicians identify which group of patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia in the duodenum is more likely to have a secondary cause.

Upper intestinal lipids regulate energy and glucose homeostasis.

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Cheung, Grace W C; Kokorovic, Andrea; Lam, Tony K T

2009-09-01

Upon the entry of nutrients into the small intestine, nutrient sensing mechanisms are activated to allow the body to adapt appropriately to the incoming nutrients. To date, mounting evidence points to the existence of an upper intestinal lipid-induced gut-brain neuronal axis to regulate energy homeostasis. Moreover, a recent discovery has also revealed an upper intestinal lipid-induced gut-brain-liver neuronal axis involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this mini-review, we will focus on the mechanisms underlying the activation of these respective neuronal axes by upper intestinal lipids.

Modelo de proceso de ingeniería de requisitos de software distribuida

OpenAIRE

Sevilla, Gustavo; Zapata, Sergio; Torres, Estela; Collazos, César; Giraldo, Fáber

2016-01-01

[9 p.] il. Los escenarios de Desarrollo Global de Software, donde los distintos interesados están dispersos geográficamente, crecen a diario en muchas partes del mundo, incluso en Latinoamérica. Este nuevo entorno impacta sobre el desempeño de los métodos y herramientas usadas en procesos de software tradicionales. Debido al alto flujo de comunicación que requiere entre los actores de estos procesos, la fase de ingeniería de requisitos es tal vez la más afectada por las características ...

El Grafeno. Parte II: procesos y viabilidad de su producción

OpenAIRE

Mayora Curzio, Carlos A.; Cremades Oliver, Lázaro Vicente; Cusidó Fàbregas, Joan Antoni

2015-01-01

Ante el descubrimiento del grafeno, un material con propiedades de gran interés tecnológico, la industria busca optimizar sus mecanismos de producción con el objetivo de abordar un mercado para el cual se prevé un gran crecimiento. La síntesis de grafeno puede llevarse a cabo mediante diversos procesos, si bien para cada uno de ellos se pueden advertir diferencias respecto la calidad del producto final. Entre tales procesos, se distinguen dos grupos: aquellos que parten de átomos de carbono p...

Colgajo libre osteoseptocutáneo de peroné en la reconstrucción primaria de la radionecrosis masiva mandibular Fibular osteoseptocutaneous free flap in the primary reconstruction after massive radionecrosis of the mandible

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P. Infante Cossío

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Una de las complicaciones más serias del uso de la radioterapia en el tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide de la cavidad oral, es la osteorradionecrosis. En este trabajo, presentamos cuatro pacientes afectos de osteorradionecrosis masiva de la mandíbula que habían fracasado inicialmente con medidas conservadoras y que fueron tratados con resección radical y reconstrucción primaria con un colgajo libre osteoseptocutáneo de peroné. El defecto mandibular tras la resección ósea midió una media de 10 cm e incluyó mucosa intraoral, piel o ambos. En dos casos de reconstrucción, se empleó el colgajo libre de peroné con doble paleta para reconstruir defectos extensos intra y extraorales. Se realizaron osteotomías en el peroné vascularizado en todos los casos para recrear el contorno mandibular. Todos los colgajos sobrevivieron completamente. Tres pacientes curaron primariamente con buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales. Una paciente falleció en el primer mes tras la operación por una pancreatitis aguda y fallo renal. En un paciente se han insertado implantes osteointegrados. En nuestra experiencia, el colgajo libre osteoseptocutáneo de peroné puede ser una opción ideal para la reconstrucción en un solo tiempo de defectos complejos mandibulares compuestos en pacientes afectos de osteorradionecrosis masiva.Abstract: Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications after radiation therapy of squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. In this article, we report four cases of massive osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, all of whom had failed initial conservative management and treated with radical resection and primary reconstructed with fibular osteoseptocutaneous free flap. Mandible defects after radical resection were around 10 cm long and included intraoral mucosa, skin or both. A doubled-paddle peroneal tissue transfer was used in two cases for reconstruction of an extensive extra- or intraoral defects. The

Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women in Venezuela

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2006-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections, especially due to helminths, increase anemia in pregnant women. The results of this are low pregnancy weight gain and IUGR, followed by LBW, with its associated greater risks of infection and higher perinatal mortality rates. For these reasons, in the setting of no large previous studies in Venezuela about this problem, a national multicentric study was conducted. Methods. Pregnant women from nine states were studied, a prenatal evaluation with a coproparasitological study. Univariated and multivariated analyses were made to determine risk factors for intestinal parasitosis and related anemia. Results. During 19 months, 1038 pregnant women were included and evaluated. Intestinal parasitosis was evidenced in 73.9%: A lumbricoides 57.0%, T trichiura 36.0%, G lamblia 14.1%, E hystolitica 12.0%, N americanus 8.1%, E vermicularis 6.3%, S stercoralis 3.3%. Relative risk for anemia in those women with intestinal parasitosis was 2.56 ( P<.01 . Discussion. Intestinal parasitoses could be associated with conditions for development of anemia at pregnancy. These features reflect the need of routine coproparasitological study among pregnant women in rural and endemic zones for intestinal parasites. Further therapeutic and prophylactic protocols are needed. Additional research on pregnant intestinal parasitic infection impact on newborn health is also considered.

Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women in Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Barbella, Rosa A.; Case, Cynthia; Arria, Melissa; Ravelo, Marisela; Perez, Henry; Urdaneta, Oscar; Gervasio, Gloria; Rubio, Nestor; Maldonado, Andrea; Aguilera, Ymora; Viloria, Anna; Blanco, Juan J.; Colina, Magdary; Hernández, Elizabeth; Araujo, Elianet; Cabaniel, Gilberto; Benitez, Jesús; Rifakis, Pedro

2006-01-01

Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections, especially due to helminths, increase anemia in pregnant women. The results of this are low pregnancy weight gain and IUGR, followed by LBW, with its associated greater risks of infection and higher perinatal mortality rates. For these reasons, in the setting of no large previous studies in Venezuela about this problem, a national multicentric study was conducted. Methods. Pregnant women from nine states were studied, a prenatal evaluation with a coproparasitological study. Univariated and multivariated analyses were made to determine risk factors for intestinal parasitosis and related anemia. Results. During 19 months, 1038 pregnant women were included and evaluated. Intestinal parasitosis was evidenced in 73.9%: A lumbricoides 57.0%, T trichiura 36.0%, G lamblia 14.1%, E hystolitica 12.0%, N americanus 8.1%, E vermicularis 6.3%, S stercoralis 3.3%. Relative risk for anemia in those women with intestinal parasitosis was 2.56 (P Intestinal parasitoses could be associated with conditions for development of anemia at pregnancy. These features reflect the need of routine coproparasitological study among pregnant women in rural and endemic zones for intestinal parasites. Further therapeutic and prophylactic protocols are needed. Additional research on pregnant intestinal parasitic infection impact on newborn health is also considered. PMID:17093349

LAS COMPETENCIAS INVESTIGATIVAS DEL ESTUDIANTE EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE

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Pablo Enrique Barreiro Macías

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio ofrece una concepción teórica referente a la formación de las competencias investigativas del estudiante de laboratorio clínico. Como metodología general, se realizó un análisis crítico y argumentado en el contexto de la profesión, referente a la importancia de la investigación científica, en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, conceptualizada ésta, como el “proceso esencial” para la formación de las competencias investigativas. Se propone que el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje debe ser desarrollado desde el enfoque de formación basado en competencias; en la cual los saberes de los procesos básicos de la profesión, vinculados con el proceso de investigación científica, resulten fundamentales para la identificación y la solución de los problemas profesionales, como indicadores del desempeño investigativo idóneo del estudiante, y de la formación de las competencias investigativas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Competencias investigativas; investigación; enseñanza-aprendizaje.THE STUDENTS RESEARCH COMPETENCES IN THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESSABSTRACTThe present study offers a new theoretical conception concerning the formation of the student's research skills clinical laboratory. As a general methodology, we conducted a critical analysis and argumentative in the context of the profession concerning the importance of scientific research in the teaching and learning process, conceptualized this as the "core process" for skills training investigation. It is argued that the teaching and learning process should be developed from the focus of competency-based training, in which the knowledge of the basic processes of the profession, linked to the scientific research process, essential in order to identify and have the solution of the professional problems, as appropriate performance indicators of student research and the formation of the investigative skills.KEYWORDS: Research competences; research; teaching

Desarrollo de procesos biotecnológicos para la producción heteróloga de proteínas del virus de la rabia para su uso en medicina veterinaria

OpenAIRE

Picotto, Leandro Daniel

2018-01-01

El virus de la rabia causa una forma letal de encefalomielitis tanto en seres humanos como en animales. El control de la rabia canina, mediante programas de vacunación masiva y eliminación de los perros callejeros, puede reducir la incidencia de la rabia en humanos. En Argentina, las campañas de vacunación utilizan vacunas producidas en cerebro de ratones lactantes, pero la producción de estas vacunas involucra la manipulación del virus activo y es costosa; además, ha sido desaconsejada por l...

Intestinal Colonization Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae.

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Salvador Almagro-Moreno

2015-05-01

Full Text Available To cause the diarrheal disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae must effectively colonize the small intestine. In order to do so, the bacterium needs to successfully travel through the stomach and withstand the presence of agents such as bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal lumen and mucus. The bacterial cells penetrate the viscous mucus layer covering the epithelium and attach and proliferate on its surface. In this review, we discuss recent developments and known aspects of the early stages of V. cholerae intestinal colonization and highlight areas that remain to be fully understood. We propose mechanisms and postulate a model that covers some of the steps that are required in order for the bacterium to efficiently colonize the human host. A deeper understanding of the colonization dynamics of V. cholerae and other intestinal pathogens will provide us with a variety of novel targets and strategies to avoid the diseases caused by these organisms.

Intestinal Iron Homeostasis and Colon Tumorigenesis

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Yatrik M. Shah

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Colorectal cancer (CRC is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. Understanding the mechanisms of growth and progression of CRC is essential to improve treatment. Iron is an essential nutrient for cell growth. Iron overload caused by hereditary mutations or excess dietary iron uptake has been identified as a risk factor for CRC. Intestinal iron is tightly controlled by iron transporters that are responsible for iron uptake, distribution, and export. Dysregulation of intestinal iron transporters are observed in CRC and lead to iron accumulation in tumors. Intratumoral iron results in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and DNA damage with consequent promotion of oncogene activation. In addition, excess iron in intestinal tumors may lead to increase in tumor-elicited inflammation and tumor growth. Limiting intratumoral iron through specifically chelating excess intestinal iron or modulating activities of iron transporter may be an attractive therapeutic target for CRC.

ESTUDIO DEL PENSAMIENTO DE LOS ENTRENADORES SOBRE EL PROCESO DE DETECCIÓN DE TALENTOS EN BALONCESTO

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A. Lorenzo

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

RESUMEN

Este artículo presenta una investigación realizada para conocer el pensamiento de los entrenadores sobre el proceso de detección de talentos en baloncesto. Partiendo de la nueva orientación de dicho proceso, considerando a dicho proceso fundamentalmente formativo y, asumiendo, por tanto, la importancia del entrenador en dicho proceso; el objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer qué es lo que piensan los entrenadores encargados de realizar dicho proceso, en qué aspectos se fijan, qué factores consideran claves para realizar dicho proceso. Para ello, la investigación la hemos divido en dos apartados. En primer lugar administramos un cuestionario a distintos entrenadores implicados en dichos procesos, y en segundo lugar, hemos realizado una entrevista en forma de reunión de grupo. En general, observamos que el pensamiento de los entrenadores se corresponde con la nueva orientación del proceso de detección de talentos, "bottom-up", y que el concepto de talento que manejan se aproxima al concepto de experto encontrado en la literatura.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Detección, talentos, cuestionario, entrenadores, baloncesto.

ABSTRACT

This study analyses coaches'thinking about talent detection in basketball. The aim of this article is to know what the coaches think about the new direction in the process of discovering new talent, which aspects they observe and which aspects they consider important in this process. To reach this aim, we have divided the investigation in two parts. First of all, we did a general survey of coaches, and secondly, we conducted individual interviews. In general, we observed that the coaches'thinking is in line with the new approach of the talent detection process

Does measurement of small intestinal diameter increase diagnostic accuracy of radiography in dogs with suspected intestinal obstruction?

Science.gov (United States)

Ciasca, Taízha C; David, Frederic H; Lamb, Christopher R

2013-01-01

The ratio between maximal small intestinal (SI) diameter and the height of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) in radiographs has been reported as a diagnostic test in dogs with suspected intestinal obstruction. In order to assess the effect of the SI/L5 ratio on the accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, lateral abdominal radiographs of 37 dogs with small intestinal obstruction and 48 nonobstructed dogs were mixed and examined independently by six observers who were unaware of the final diagnosis and who represented a range of experience. Observers first examined radiographs subjectively and stated the likelihood of obstruction (definitely not, probably not, equivocal, probably, definitely). Observers subsequently reexamined the radiographs, determined the SI/L5 ratio, and again stated the likelihood of obstruction. The most frequent cause of obstruction was foreign body (29/37, 78%). Dogs with SI obstruction had a significantly larger median SI/L5 ratio than nonobstructed dogs (P = 0.0002). Using an SI/L5 ratio of 1.7 for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, sensitivity and specificity were 66%. Use of the SI/L5 ratio was not associated with increased accuracy of diagnosis for any observer, regardless of experience, hence this test may have no diagnostic impact. © 2013 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.

Proceso experiencial: comprendiendo al ser humano en primera persona

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Alberto De Castro

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este es un artículo de revisión y reflexión teórica acerca de los fundamentos psicológicos del proceso experiencial de los seres humanos. Este artículo nació de la necesidad de situar en primera persona la participación y postura psicológica que los seres humanos asumen en la vida cotidiana a partir de los significados, valores e intenciones que tratan de afirmar ante las distintas experiencias, situaciones y determinismos que enfrentan. A partir de la revisión de distintos autores contemporáneos, de conclusiones basadas en experiencia clínica y de los resultados de distintas investigaciones fenomenológicas hermenéuticas, se concluye que el proceso experiencial implica y está caracterizado por la interrelación entre los conceptos de deseo, voluntad, sentido, valoración, consciencia e intencionalidad.

Las superestructuras textuales en los procesos pedagógicos

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Pardo Abril Neyla Graciela

1992-06-01

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El propósito de este documento es presentar e ilustrar algunas consideraciones tendientes a posibilitar una metodología que se acerque de manera más funcional al desarrollo integral de las habilidades comunicativas, a partir de un marco teórico que aproxime a la descripción, explicación y predicción de los procesos de la producción y comprensión discursiva, teniendo en cuenta las más importantes contribuciones que en este sentido han elaborado la lingüística de texto, la sicología cognoscitiva y la cibernética, en particular, las digresiones en torno a la inteligencia artificial, desde donde se señala la importancia que tienen los procesos y categorías cognoscitivas en la comprensión y producción de discursos.

Desarrollo de sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales

OpenAIRE

Tarifa, Enrique E.; Martínez, Sergio; Domínguez, Samuel Franco; Núñez, Álvaro; Sánchez Rivero, David

2011-01-01

El presente proyecto tiene por objetivo general desarrollar sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales. Estos sistemas son cada vez más necesarios debido a la complejidad creciente de los escenarios planteados por la globalización, la competencia, los avances tecnológicos, los problemas ambientales y sociales, entre otros. La secuencia de procesos requeridos para tomar decisiones es independiente del área particular de aplicación. Esta secuencia es: 1) Identifica...

Reflexiones sobre el proceso salud-enfermedad

OpenAIRE

Velosa A., Lyla Piedad

2010-01-01

Desde que el individuo, las familias, las comunidades comenzaron a distinguir entre lo sano y lo enfermo, se inició un proceso de búsqueda de explicación, si se quiere de definición de los dos fenómenos. Desde entonces el hombre ha hecho enormes aportes en el plano del conocimiento de la naturaleza, de la sociedad y del pensamiento; descubriendo leyes, haciendo generalizaciones, que han revolucionado el desarrollo de sus costumbres y visión del mundo.

[Intestinal volvulus. Case report and a literature review].

Science.gov (United States)

Santín-Rivero, Jorge; Núñez-García, Edgar; Aguirre-García, Manuel; Hagerman-Ruiz-Galindo, Gonzalo; de la Vega-González, Francisco; Moctezuma-Velasco, Carla Rubi

2015-01-01

Small bowel volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adult patients. This disease is more common in children and its aetiology and management is different to that in adults. A 30 year-old male with sarcoidosis presents with acute abdomen and clinical data of intestinal obstruction. Small bowel volvulus is diagnosed by a contrast abdominal tomography and an exploratory laparotomy is performed with devolvulation and no intestinal resection. In the days following surgery, he developed a recurrent small bowel volvulus, which was again managed with surgery, but without intestinal resection. Medical treatment for sarcoidosis was started, and with his clinical progress being satisfactory,he was discharged to home. Making an early and correct diagnosis of small bowel volvulus prevents large intestinal resections. Many surgical procedures have been described with a high rate of complications. Therefore, conservative surgical management (no intestinal resection) is recommended as the best treatment with the lowest morbidity and mortality rate. Copyright © 2015 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Fitobezoar associado à endometriose intestinal: uma rara causa de obstrução intestinal Intestinal endemetriosis associated to phytobezoar: a rare of bowel obstruction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Roberto Amorim

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A endometriose intestinal é uma patologia benigna que afeta preferencialmente a porção retossigmóidea, sendo pouco frequente a localização em íleo terminal. Trata-se de um caso de uma paciente de 29 anos que foi admitida com dor abdominal difusa, náuseas e vômitos. Na propedêutica da obstrução intestinal a tomografia computadorizada revelou massa heterogênea em topografia ileocecal. Submetida a laparotomia exploradora onde foi feita a remoção de fibras vegetais mal digeridas aglomeradas em íleo terminal e ressecção de segmento íleoceco cólico devido a presença de estenose na válvula ileocecal. O exame anátomo patológico revelou endometriose intestinal e fitobezoar. A paciente evoluiu bem com alta no terceiro dia de pós operatório.Intestinal endometriosis is a benign pathology, it occurs most often on the rectosigmoid portion, and the finding isn`t very common on the terminal ileum. On this article the autors present a report from a 29 years old pacient, who had a difuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Computadorized tomography (CT showed a heterogeneous mass on the ileocaecal area . An exploratory laparotomy was performed , badly metabolized vegetable fibers were removed from the terminal ileum, and a surgical removal of the ileocaecal - colic portion was done, since there was a stenosis on that area. The anatomical-pathologic study showed intestinal endometriosis and phytobezoar The patient had a good follow up and got out the hospital on the third day after surgery.

Prematurity reduces functional adaptation to intestinal resection in piglets

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aunsholt, Lise; Thymann, Thomas; Qvist, Niels

2015-01-01

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis and congenital gastrointestinal malformations in infants often require intestinal resection, with a subsequent risk of short bowel syndrome (SBS). We hypothesized that immediate intestinal adaptation following resection of the distal intestine with placement ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a local mediator in a gut-brain neural axis activating intestinal gluconeogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

De Vadder, F; Plessier, F; Gautier-Stein, A; Mithieux, G

2015-03-01

Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) promotes metabolic benefits through activation of a gut-brain neural axis. However, the local mediator activating gluconeogenic genes in the enterocytes remains unknown. We show that (i) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling through VPAC1 receptor activates the intestinal glucose-6-phosphatase gene in vivo, (ii) the activation of IGN by propionate is counteracted by VPAC1 antagonism, and (iii) VIP-positive intrinsic neurons in the submucosal plexus are increased under the action of propionate. These data support the role of VIP as a local neuromodulator released by intrinsic enteric neurons and responsible for the induction of IGN through a VPAC1 receptor-dependent mechanism in enterocytes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Orientaciones para implementar una gestión basada en procesos / Guidelines to implement a process based management

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Carlos Alonso-Torres

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo es describir e interpretar antecedentes sobre la utilización del enfoque de procesos en organizaciones. La metodología consideró revisión y análisis de publicaciones de acceso online para identificar aquellos aspectos de interés a tener en cuenta para aplicar eficazmente el enfoque de procesos. Los principales hallazgos indican que la conceptualización del enfoque de procesos es heterogénea y poco precisa entre las fuentes consultadas y las principales conclusiones indican que: la identificación de los procesos se facilita cuando se respetan cinco principios básicos: la conceptualización de procesos es más clara cuando se esclarecen sus ámbitos de acción; una adecuada representación gráfica del enfoque de procesos facilita su comunicación cuando sus sub procesos se diseñan y organizan debidamente en función de sus procesos estratégicos, operativos y de apoyo; la eficiencia del enfoque se puede reflejar si los subprocesos crean valor y su despliegue incluye las cuatro etapas del ciclo Deming. The objective is to describe and interpret background to apply the process approach in organizations. The methodology considered the review and analysis of online access publications for displaying those focal aspects to be taken into account in applying the process approach effectively. The main findings indicate that the conceptualization of the process approach is heterogeneous and imprecise between the sources and the key findings indicate that: the identification of the process is facilitated when five basic principles are respected: the conceptualization of the processes is more clear and concise when characteristics or areas of action are clarified; a graphical representation suitable of process approach facilitates communication when their sub processes are designed and organized appropriately according to strategic, operational and support processes; the efficiency of the approach can be reflected if their sub

Primary small intestinal volvulus after laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse.

Science.gov (United States)

Koizumi, Michihiro; Yamada, Takeshi; Shinji, Seiichi; Yokoyama, Yasuyuki; Takahashi, Goro; Hotta, Masahiro; Iwai, Takuma; Hara, Keisuke; Takeda, Kohki; Kan, Hayato; Takasaki, Hideaki; Ohta, Keiichiro; Uchida, Eiji

2018-02-01

Primary small intestinal volvulus is defined as torsion in the absence of congenital malrotation, band, or postoperative adhesions. Its occurrence as an early postoperative complication is rare. A 40-year-old woman presented with rectal prolapse, and laparoscopic rectopexy was uneventfully performed. She could not have food on the day after surgery. She started oral intake on postoperative day 3 but developed abdominal pain after the meal. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed torsion of the small intestinal mesentery. An emergent laparotomy showed small intestinal volvulus, without congenital malformation or intestinal adhesions. We diagnosed it as primary small intestinal volvulus. The strangulated intestine was resected, and reconstruction was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully after the second surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of primary small intestinal volvulus occurring after rectopexy for rectal prolapse. Primary small intestinal volvulus could be a postoperative complication after laparoscopy. © 2018 Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery, Asia Endosurgery Task Force and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Proceso de aculturación y adaptación del inmigrante: características individuales y redes sociales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Ferrer

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La inmigración implica para los individuos una serie de procesos cognitivos, motivacionales y afectivos que afectan su adaptación a la nueva sociedad. Estos procesos pueden modificarse a través de estrategias de intervención dirigidas a estos colectivos. La búsqueda bibliográfica se focalizó en documentos que permitieron analizar los factores individuales como socioculturales, asociados a los procesos de adaptación y aculturación, tales como las características individuales y estrategias de afrontamiento de los inmigrantes; el tipo de sociedad de llegada y las redes sociales que construyen los inmigrantes para adaptarse. Los resultados confirman los tres grandes grupos que des - criben los procesos de aculturación: los que se centran en el contenido (sentimientos, actitudes y conductas, los que se centran en el proceso (establecimiento de relaciones entre inmigrantes y autóctonos y los interactivos o ampliados, que combinan los dos anteriores.

Intestinal actinomycosis: a case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loureiro, C.M.; Labrunie, E.; Pannaim, V.L.N.; Santos, A.A.S. dos; Pereira, A.A.

1989-01-01

Intestinal actinomycosis: a case report. The authors describe a case of intestinal actinomycosis, which was manisfestated by abdominal mass and suggested, clinical and radiologically, a bowel carcinoma. They discuss the pathogenesis, and the clinical and radiological manisfestations of this disease, and its differential diagnosis. This is an infrequent disease which must be considered whenever suggestive clinical aspects are associated with a radiological ''malignant pattern'' of a bowel lesion. (author) [pt

Indianización como proceso y como discurso en Chiapas, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ALEJANDRO GARCÍA GUERRERO

2002-01-01

Full Text Available ESTE ENSAYO BUSCA COMPRENDER UN PROCESO SOCIAL EN EL QUE LOS indígenas mayas del centro de Chiapas, México, muestran su avance territorial, demográfico, laboral y político por medio del discurso de sus líderes. Se trata de un movimiento étnico que integra las dos dimensiones del proceso de globalización: la homogeneización y la heterogeneización cultural mundial. La perspectiva adoptada integra el análisis del discurso desde un punto de vista flexible y comprensivo de la producción cultural con el análisis del proceso de indianización regional como un sistema interétnico complejo, en el sentido melucciano de sistema. El objetivo principal es explicar cómo los líderes indígenas utilizan el discurso -para persuadir a sus huestes y a los otros- construyendo uno de identidad basado en un pasado significativo ordenado en y para el presente político.

Cómo Guiar a las Pymes en la Mejora de Procesos Software

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Oscar Carrillo Razón

2014-03-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, las grandes empresas de desarrollo de software generan enormes cantidades de información, estos datos son analizados con el objetivo de mejorar los procesos y productos que generan las empresas, sin embargo, es muy común que las Pymes no efectúen la recolección de datos y tampoco tengan procesos definidos. Por lo tanto, se propone un método que guie a las Pymes en la Mejora de Procesos Software. El método integra la identificación del estado actual de la organización, para definir y establecer los objetivos de negocio y la identificación de las mejores prácticas internas de la organización, para entender su forma de trabajo a través de la extracción del conocimiento tácito. Además, se presenta un caso de estudio que ha permitido obtener resultados del método propuesto, el cual ha sido implementado en una pyme.

El arte en un acto sensible: El niño en procesos creativos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Yaneth Chaparro Cardozo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo indaga entorno a los procesos artísticos y su incidencia en la formación de la creatividad, y surge como parte del proyecto Escuela y Creatividad: Estrategias y Fomento de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades de la Fundación Universitaria Juan de Castellanos de Tunja, Boyacá. En este estudio se revisaron algunas relaciones entre el arte y la creatividad, partiendo de la observación e interpretación de las intervenciones pictóricas de los niños. Lo que conllevó al siguiente interrogante: ¿Qué tipo de procesos artísticos se desarrollan en la infancia y cómo se articulan con los procesos creativos? Esta investigación se orientó a partir del estudio de casos y tiene por objetivo determinar prácticas artísticas que se desarrollan en la infancia y su articulación en el desarrollo de procesos creativos en niños y niñas. De igual forma se realizó un reconocimiento inicial de la concepción de las artes y la plástica frente a la creatividad, y de la capacidad creadora y artística en la infancia.

Precision-cut intestinal slices as a culture system to analyze the infection of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells by avian influenza viruses.

Science.gov (United States)

Punyadarsaniya, Darsaniya; Winter, Christine; Mork, Ann-Kathrin; Amiri, Mahdi; Naim, Hassan Y; Rautenschlein, Silke; Herrler, Georg

2015-02-01

Many viruses infect and replicate in their host via the intestinal tract, e.g. many picornaviruses, several coronaviruses and avian influenza viruses of waterfowl. To analyze infection of enterocytes is a challenging task as culture systems for differentiated intestinal epithelial cells are not readily available and often have a life span that is too short for infection studies. Precision-cut intestinal slices (PCIS) from chicken embryos were prepared and shown that the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the intestine are viable for up to 4 days. Using lectin staining, it was demonstrated that α2,3-linked sialic acids, the preferred receptor determinants of avian influenza viruses, are present on the apical side of the epithelial cells. Furthermore, the epithelial cells (at the tips) of the villi were shown to be susceptible to infection by an avian influenza virus of the H9N2 subtype. This culture system will be useful to analyze virus infection of intestinal epithelial cells and it should be applicable also to the intestine of other species. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estabilidad de procesamiento de polímeros: índice de degradación en proceso

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Andrés Felipe Rojas González

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados del análisis de estabilidad en proceso para polietileno de alta densidad grado extrusión (PEAD-GE, polietileno de alta densidad grado inyección (PEAD-GI, polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD, poliácido láctico (PLA, policarbonato (PC, poliestireno (PS, polimetíl metacrilato (PMMA y polipropileno (PP. Estos polímeros se reprocesaron en 5 ciclos de extrusión, inyección y extrusión/inyección. Cada polímero virgen y reprocesado se caracterizó respecto al índice de fluidez y se calculó su estabilidad en proceso mediante el índice de degradación en proceso (IDP. Se encontró que la estabilidad de los polímeros, de mayor a menor, durante la extrusión es: PEBD> PS> PMMA> PEAD-GI> PP> PLA, y en la inyección: PEAD-GI> PP> PLA >PC. Además, se determinó que la velocidad de giro del husillo no afecta la degradación en proceso.

Escalonando la agroecologia : Procesos y aprendizajes de cuatro ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1 janv. 2007 ... Escalonando la agroecologia : Procesos y aprendizajes de cuatro experiencias en Chile, Cuba, Honduras y Perú ... Carlos Venegas est directeur régional pour le Centro de Educación y Tecnología (CET) et coordonne le programme d'études de premier cycle sur l'agronomie et le développement rural ...

Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia. A case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgios Mitsiakos

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia, first described by Waldmann et al. in 1961, is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatics, presented with generalized edema, hypoproteinemia and lymphopenia. Diagnosis is based on endoscopy findings and pathology.We present here a case of a male neonate, second child of an indigenous woman, delivered by caesarean section. Prenatally, multiple cystic abdominal masses were identified by ultrasound. The patient was treated successfully with enterectomy and anastomosis. Histopathology revealed primary intestinal lymphangiectasia with no features of malignancy.Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare pathology, which should be differentiated while exploring abdominal masses, hypoproteinemia and edema especially in neonates.

Las interfaces humano-máquina (HMI) y su importancia en el control de procesos industriales

OpenAIRE

Ramos Jiménez, Francisco Rodolfo

2012-01-01

Durante el desarrollo de la automatización de control de procesos se ha notado la tendencia para que las operaciones de control, supervisión, adquisición de datos, estadísticas, diagnósticos de fallos y errores, entre otros, estén de forma más accesible no solamente a los operadores de las máquinas y el proceso, sino para que todo el personal que está involucrado en el proceso productivo también las pueda ver, interpretar, analizar y tomar decisiones competentes para la corrección y ...

Proceso Tatoray, diseño de una línea de fraccionamiento de benceno y xilenos

OpenAIRE

Boueri Martínez, Joseph

2018-01-01

El objetivo principal del presente proyecto es proponer un diseño para la separación de Benceno de una corriente procedente de un proceso de desproporción de Tolueno, donde el tolueno y otros aromáticos más pesados son convertidos en benceno y xilenos, llamado Proceso Tatoray. En la figura adjunta se mostrará un esquema del proceso Tatoray. En el presente proyecto, se realizará el diseño de la columna de separación de Benceno, de la cual se obtiene el benceno, el diseño de l...

Los procesos de dispersión y concentración territorial en Alicante y su entorno

OpenAIRE

Martí Ciriquián, Pablo; García González, María Cristina

2009-01-01

A lo largo de las últimas décadas se pueden reconocer diversos procesos de dispersión, concentración y creación de nuevas centralidades en el territorio vinculado al área de influencia de la ciudad de Alicante. El análisis de estos procesos y sus relaciones tienen, no sólo interés en sí mismos, sino que ofrecen un conocimiento que permite prever las pautas de evolución en la ocupación futura del suelo. En cualquier caso, para acercarnos a estos procesos es necesario identificar las transforma...

Coagulation of sheep intestinal and prefemoral lymph.

Science.gov (United States)

Hanley, C A; Johnston, M G; Nelson, W

1988-06-01

We have determined the most suitable method for the automated analysis of the clotting parameters in sheep intestinal and prefemoral lymph as defined by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Times (APTT; measure of intrinsic coagulation pathway) and the Prothrombin Times (PT; measure of extrinsic coagulation pathway). As opposed to optical density systems, the use of a Fibro-System Fibrometer was found to provide the most consistent assessment of coagulation with the endpoint being the time to fibrin strand formation. We measured APTT in sheep intestinal and prefemoral lymph of 59.78 +/- 7.69 seconds and 51.03 +/- 10.49 seconds respectively. These values were more prolonged than those obtained from sheep blood plasma but only in the case of intestinal lymph were the differences significant (p less than 0.025). Human blood APTT values were significantly less than both sheep blood (p less than 0.05) and sheep intestinal (p less than 0.001) and prefemoral lymph (p less than 0.01). PT values were found to be 21.56 +/- 1.14 seconds in intestinal and 22.00 +/- 1.88 seconds in prefemoral lymph. These values were also significantly greater than those obtained from sheep blood (both p less than 0.001). Human blood PTs were significantly less than both sheep blood (p less than 0.001) and intestinal and prefemoral lymph (both p less than 0.001). Measurement of APTT and PT values in intestinal lymph and PT determinations in prefemoral lymph were not affected by storage in the refrigerator or freezer. There was some indication that APTT values in prefemoral samples were susceptible to storage artifacts; however, the differences in coagulation times were not significant.

Irf4-dependent CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells and the intestinal microbiome regulate monocyte and macrophage activation and intestinal peristalsis in postoperative ileus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pohl, Judith Mira; Gutweiler, Sebastian; Thiebes, Stephanie

2017-01-01

and large intestinal POI suggested a potential role of the intestinal microbiota. Indeed, antibiotic treatment reduced iNOS levels and ameliorated POI. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that CD103+CD11b+ DCs and the intestinal microbiome are a prerequisite for the activation of intestinal monocytes...

Wnt, RSPO and Hippo Signalling in the Intestine and Intestinal Stem Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Kriz, Vitezslav; Korinek, Vladimir

2018-01-08

In this review, we address aspects of Wnt, R-Spondin (RSPO) and Hippo signalling, in both healthy and transformed intestinal epithelium. In intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the Wnt pathway is essential for intestinal crypt formation and renewal, whereas RSPO-mediated signalling mainly affects ISC numbers. In human colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is the driving mechanism initiating this type of neoplasia. The signalling role of the RSPO-binding transmembrane proteins, the leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs), is possibly more pleiotropic and not only limited to the enhancement of Wnt signalling. There is growing evidence for multiple crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt/β-catenin signalling. In the ON state, Hippo signalling results in serine/threonine phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (YAP1) and tafazzin (TAZ), promoting formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In contrast, YAP1 or TAZ dephosphorylation (and YAP1 methylation) results in β-catenin destruction complex deactivation and β-catenin nuclear localization. In the Hippo OFF state, YAP1 and TAZ are engaged with the nuclear β-catenin and participate in the β-catenin-dependent transcription program. Interestingly, YAP1/TAZ are dispensable for intestinal homeostasis; however, upon Wnt pathway hyperactivation, the proteins together with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors drive the transcriptional program essential for intestinal cell transformation. In addition, in many CRC cells, YAP1 phosphorylation by YES proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase (YES1) leads to the formation of a transcriptional complex that includes YAP1, β-catenin and T-box 5 (TBX5) DNA-binding protein. YAP1/β-catenin/T-box 5-mediated transcription is necessary for CRC cell proliferation and survival. Interestingly, dishevelled (DVL) appears to be an important mediator involved in both Wnt and Hippo (YAP1/TAZ) signalling and some of the DVL functions were assigned to the nuclear DVL

Mejora de proceso de inventario general en una empresa distribuidora de útiles escolares.

OpenAIRE

Jáuregui Carruitero, Christian Elti; Jáuregui Carruitero, Christian Elti; Jáuregui Carruitero, Christian Elti

2012-01-01

El desarrollo del presente trabajo se enfoca en mejorar el proceso de toma de inventario general en una empresa comercializadora de útiles escolares. Esta mejora influye directamente en el índice de exactitud de inventarios, indicador de gran importancia para diversas áreas de la empresa tales como: Ventas, Contabilidad, Finanzas, Abastecimiento, Distribución, entre otras. En el caso del Área de Contabilidad y Finanzas la información resultante de un proceso de toma de inventarios se utili...

Protective effect of salvianolic acid B against intestinal ischemia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that SAB may protect the intestine by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response and hence, may be potentially for treating IIRI. Keywords: Salvianolic acid B, Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion, Antioxidants, Inflammation, Intestinal permeability ...

burden of intestinal parasites amongst hiv/aids patients attending

African Journals Online (AJOL)

boaz

ABSTRACT. Background: Intestinal parasitic infections cause severe diarrhea especially in debilitated subjects with clinical ... Regional Hospital, Entamoeba histolytica and other intestinal parasites represented a common burden. .... Attempt was made to go through all the fields of ..... Control of Intestinal parasite Infections.

Diversity and functions of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Joeris, Thorsten; Müller-Luda, K; Agace, William Winston

2017-01-01

The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mφ) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation. In the curr......The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mφ) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation....... In the current review we discuss the function of intestinal cDC and monocyte-derived MNP, highlighting how these subsets play several non-redundant roles in the regulation of intestinal immune responses. While much remains to be learnt, recent findings also underline how the various populations of MNP adapt...

Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs.

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Saebyeol; Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei; Lakshman, Sukla; Molokin, Aleksey; Harnly, James M; Vinyard, Bryan T; Urban, Joseph F; Davis, Cindy D; Solano-Aguilar, Gloria

2016-04-01

Consumption of cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched cocoa powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status. Male pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched cocoa powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined. O-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (Pcocoa powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of cocoa powder fed to pigs increased (75-85%,Pcocoa powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of cocoa powder reducedTLR9gene expression in ileal Peyer's patches (67-80%,Pcocoa powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with cocoa powder. This study demonstrates that consumption of cocoa powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance ofLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumspecies and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

[Intestinal intussusception due to ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor--a case report].

Science.gov (United States)

Andrei, S; Andrei, A; Tonea, A; Andronesi, D; Preda, C; Herlea, V; Popescu, I

2011-01-01

Intestinal occlusion due to intussusception produced by intestinal tumors is a very rare condition. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are also rare digestive neopasias, with an impredictable malignant behavior, which are usually growing outside the intestinal wall, being rarely the initiators of an intestinal intussusception. We present the case of a 59 years old female, admitted in our hospital to elucidate the etiology of her iron deficient anaemia, which developed an intestinal occlusion at the intestinal preparation for colonoscopy. The abdominal CT scan performed in emergency conditions highlighted occlusive intestinal tumor complicated with intestinal intussusception. We performed an emergency laparotomy that revealed intestinal occlusion due to ileo-ileal intussusception produced by an ileal tumor. The surgical intervention consisted in segmental ileal enterectomy including the tumor with latero-lateral entero-enteral anastomosis. The patient recovered without complications. The histopathological and immunohisto-chemical examinations established the diagnose of gastro-intestinal stromal tumor with high risk malignant behavior, therefore the patient was guided in the oncological department for specific treatment and oncological surveillance.

Procesos de producción y productividad en la industria de calzado ecuatoriana: caso empresa Mabelyz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Mayorga Abril

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La definición de procesos en la industria de transformación ecuatoriana ha sido un tema complejo al que no se lo ha tomado con la importancia del caso. El presente estudio describe la incidencia de los procesos de producción en la productividad de las empresas de calzado, además de la definición de los mismos y sus indicadores. Para lograr estos objetivos, se procedió a tomar la información directa de la empresa Mabelyz. Los resultados encontrados permiten describir las fortalezas y deficiencias que tiene la empresa en estudio, respecto a la definición de procesos, productividad, adquisiciones de materia prima, capacitación, planificación, que faciliten las decisiones gerenciales. Se concluye que la empresa en estudio no tiene claramente definidos sus procesos productivos, lo que genera desperdicio de recursos que inciden en su productividad y rentabilidad.

Accumulative effect of food residues on intestinal gas production.

Science.gov (United States)

Mego, M; Accarino, A; Malagelada, J-R; Guarner, F; Azpiroz, F

2015-11-01

As mean transit time in the colon is longer than the interval between meals, several consecutive meal loads accumulate, and contribute to colonic biomass. Our aim was to determine the summation effect of fermentable food residues on intestinal gas production. In eight healthy subjects, the volume of endogenous intestinal gas produced in the intestine over a 4-h period was measured by means of a wash-out technique, using an exogenous gas infusion into the jejunum (24 mL/min) and collection of the effluent via a rectal Foley catheter. The exogenous gas infused was labeled (5% SF6 ) to calculate the proportion of endogenous intestinal gas evacuated. In each subject, four experiments were performed ≥1 week apart combining a 1-day high- or low-flatulogenic diet with a test meal or fast. Basal conditions: on the low-flatulogenic diet, intestinal gas production during fasting over the 4-h study period was 609 ± 63 mL. Effect of diet: during fasting, intestinal gas production on the high-flatulogenic diet was 370 ± 146 mL greater than on the low-flatulogenic diet (p = 0.040). Effect of test meal: on the low-flatulogenic diet, intestinal gas production after the test meal was 681 ± 114 mL greater than during fasting (p = 0.001); a similar effect was observed on the high-flatulogenic diet (599 ± 174 mL more intestinal gas production after the test meal than during fasting; p = 0.021). Our data demonstrate temporal summation effects of food residues on intestinal gas production. Hence, intestinal gas production depends on pre-existing and on recent colonic loads of fermentable foodstuffs. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Small Intestine, Not the Large Intestine, Play a Major Role in Oral Prion Disease Pathogenesis

Science.gov (United States)

Donaldson, David S.; Else, Kathryn J.

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulations of abnormally folded cellular prion protein in affected tissues. Many natural prion diseases are acquired orally, and following exposure, the early replication of some prion isolates upon follicular dendritic cells (FDC) within gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is important for the efficient spread of disease to the brain (neuroinvasion). Prion detection within large intestinal GALT biopsy specimens has been used to estimate human and animal disease prevalence. However, the relative contributions of the small and large intestinal GALT to oral prion pathogenesis were unknown. To address this issue, we created mice that specifically lacked FDC-containing GALT only in the small intestine. Our data show that oral prion disease susceptibility was dramatically reduced in mice lacking small intestinal GALT. Although these mice had FDC-containing GALT throughout their large intestines, these tissues were not early sites of prion accumulation or neuroinvasion. We also determined whether pathology specifically within the large intestine might influence prion pathogenesis. Congruent infection with the nematode parasite Trichuris muris in the large intestine around the time of oral prion exposure did not affect disease pathogenesis. Together, these data demonstrate that the small intestinal GALT are the major early sites of prion accumulation and neuroinvasion after oral exposure. This has important implications for our understanding of the factors that influence the risk of infection and the preclinical diagnosis of disease. IMPORTANCE Many natural prion diseases are acquired orally. After exposure, the accumulation of some prion diseases in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is important for efficient spread of disease to the brain. However, the relative contributions of GALT in the small and large intestines to oral prion pathogenesis were unknown. We show that the

The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Small Intestine, Not the Large Intestine, Play a Major Role in Oral Prion Disease Pathogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Donaldson, David S; Else, Kathryn J; Mabbott, Neil A

2015-09-01

Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulations of abnormally folded cellular prion protein in affected tissues. Many natural prion diseases are acquired orally, and following exposure, the early replication of some prion isolates upon follicular dendritic cells (FDC) within gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is important for the efficient spread of disease to the brain (neuroinvasion). Prion detection within large intestinal GALT biopsy specimens has been used to estimate human and animal disease prevalence. However, the relative contributions of the small and large intestinal GALT to oral prion pathogenesis were unknown. To address this issue, we created mice that specifically lacked FDC-containing GALT only in the small intestine. Our data show that oral prion disease susceptibility was dramatically reduced in mice lacking small intestinal GALT. Although these mice had FDC-containing GALT throughout their large intestines, these tissues were not early sites of prion accumulation or neuroinvasion. We also determined whether pathology specifically within the large intestine might influence prion pathogenesis. Congruent infection with the nematode parasite Trichuris muris in the large intestine around the time of oral prion exposure did not affect disease pathogenesis. Together, these data demonstrate that the small intestinal GALT are the major early sites of prion accumulation and neuroinvasion after oral exposure. This has important implications for our understanding of the factors that influence the risk of infection and the preclinical diagnosis of disease. Many natural prion diseases are acquired orally. After exposure, the accumulation of some prion diseases in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is important for efficient spread of disease to the brain. However, the relative contributions of GALT in the small and large intestines to oral prion pathogenesis were unknown. We show that the small intestinal

Advanced three-dimensional culture of equine intestinal epithelial stem cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Stewart, A Stieler; Freund, J M; Gonzalez, L M

2018-03-01

Intestinal epithelial stem cells are critical to epithelial repair following gastrointestinal injury. The culture of intestinal stem cells has quickly become a cornerstone of a vast number of new research endeavours that range from determining tissue viability to testing drug efficacy for humans. This study aims to describe the methods of equine stem cell culture and highlights the future benefits of these techniques for the advancement of equine medicine. To describe the isolation and culture of small intestinal stem cells into three-dimensional (3D) enteroids in horses without clinical gastrointestinal abnormalities. Descriptive study. Intestinal samples were collected by sharp dissection immediately after euthanasia. Intestinal crypts containing intestinal stem cells were dissociated from the underlying tissue layers, plated in a 3D matrix and supplemented with growth factors. After several days, resultant 3D enteroids were prepared for immunofluorescent imaging and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to detect and characterise specific cell types present. Intestinal crypts were cryopreserved immediately following collection and viability assessed. Intestinal crypts were successfully cultured and matured into 3D enteroids containing a lumen and budding structures. Immunofluorescence and PCR were used to confirm the existence of stem cells and all post mitotic, mature cell types, described to exist in the horse intestinal epithelium. Previously frozen crypts were successfully cultured following a freeze-thaw cycle. Tissues were all derived from normal horses. Application of this technique for the study of specific disease was not performed at this time. The successful culture of equine intestinal crypts into 3D "mini-guts" allows for in vitro studies of the equine intestine. Additionally, these results have relevance to future development of novel therapies that harness the regenerative potential of equine intestine in horses with gastrointestinal disease

Procesos de crecimiento, indicadores de sustentabilidad urbana y lineamientos de intervención en el periurbano marplatense

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dra. Arq. Laura Zulaica

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Una meta central en el debate sobre la gestión urbana a nivel local es la sustentabilidad de las ciudades ligada a los procesos de crecimiento sin planificación previa. Mar del Plata concentra más del 95% de la población del partido de General Pueyrredón y su crecimiento se vincula con procesos «espontáneos». El presente trabajo propone: analizar los procesos de expansión, consolidación y densificación que configuran el periurbano marplatense entre los 90 y la actualidad; construir indicadores que permitan interpretar dichos procesos en términos de sustentabilidad urbana, y aportar lineamientos estratégicos para la gestión del periurbano. Con esa finalidad, se recurrió a informaciones y estudios antecedentes, trabajo de campo y se construyó una base georreferenciada que permitió analizar los procesos de crecimiento. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la expansión urbana no fue acompañada por la consolidación y que la densificación en los últimos diez años se asocia fundamentalmente con el crecimiento de asentamientos de carácter precario. Los indicadores utilizados revelan que los procesos de crecimiento alejan al periurbano de las condiciones de sustentabilidad esperadas, y por lo tanto es necesario adoptar estrategias de intervención que los direccionen. Parte de esas estrategias y alternativas de gestión se enuncian en este trabajo.

Los procesos de descentralización en América Latina

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Iván Finot

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Los procesos de la región hasta ahora se orientan primordialmente a facilitar la ejecución de políticas sociales nacionales. ¿Cómo hacer para orientarlos también a potenciar la autonomía local –y sobre todo hacerlo en condiciones de igualdad– a fin de hacer viable el desarrollo local y regional, y además avanzar en el logro de otros objetivos? Para responder a este interrogante el autor elabora una síntesis de la teoría económica sobre descentralización y a la luz de este marco revisa ampliamente los procesos de la región, utilizando para ello la desigual información existente. Sus principales recomendaciones para orientar los procesos en el sentido deseado son: (i diferenciar entre sistemas de financiamiento de «bienes sociales» y otros bienes descentralizables: «bienes territoriales», donde el principio de equidad sería «igual nivel de provisión a igual esfuerzo fiscal»; (ii inducir un reordenamiento territorial político-administrativo orientado a reducir grandes desigualdades demográficas y de capacidad entre circunscripciones de un mismo nivel, y (iii aprovechar mejor capacidades endógenas de autogobierno.

EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR

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José Javier Barcia Menéndez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Dirigidos especialmente para los profesores innovadores, creativos y planificadores que con mística y vocación indagan y desarrollan  nuevas perspectivas sobre el resultado formativo que tiene el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje a nivel de educación superior, como vía de éxito para lograr efectos de aprendizajes comprensivos, relevantes y efectivos, es indispensable que se analicen y estudien  variables contenidas en el mismo. El presente apartado describe algunas de los principales componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, destacando su importancia, características y efectos, asumiendo criterios de algunos autores.PALABRAS CLAVE: Proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje; educación superior; formación.TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONABSTRACTTargeted especially for innovative, creative teachers and planners with mystical vocation investigate and develop new perspectives on the educational outcome is the process of teaching and learning in higher education as a way to achieve successful results of comprehensive, relevant learning and effective, it is essential to analyze and study variables contained therein. This section describes some of the main components of the teaching process, highlighting its importance, characteristics and effects, some authors assuming criteria.KEYWORDS: Teaching; learning; higher education; training.

MEJORA DE PROCESOS DE SOFTWARE ÁGIL CON AGILE - SPI PROCESS

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CÉSAR PARDO

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Motivar la aplicación de proyectos de mejora de procesos en las empresas de desarrollo de software iberoamericanas, en su gran mayoría Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas Desarrolladoras de Software (MiPyMEs_DS es una necesidad imperante para la búsqueda de una industria de software que sea competitiva no solo en contextos regionales sino también internacionales. Los modelos internacionalmente reconocidos, representan alto riesgo en su aplicación para una MiPyMES_DS, esto debido quizá a su gran inversión en dinero, tiempo, recursos, difícil gestión, además de la complejidad de las recomendaciones y un retorno de la inversión a largo plazo. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar a Agile SPI - Process como un proceso de mejora de procesos basado principalmente en metodologías y principios ágiles, requerimientos livianos y adaptaciones de modelos internacionales. De la misma manera en el artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la implementación de Agile SPI - Process en varias MiPyMEs_DS de Iberoamérica y el sur occidente de Colombia.

Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models of Human IntestineSummary

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Amir Bein

Full Text Available Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human intestine have been developed and used to study intestinal physiology and pathophysiology. In this article, we review this field and describe how microfluidic Intestine Chips offer new capabilities not possible with conventional culture systems or organoid cultures, including the ability to analyze contributions of individual cellular, chemical, and physical control parameters one-at-a-time; to coculture human intestinal cells with commensal microbiome for extended times; and to create human-relevant disease models. We also discuss potential future applications of human Intestine Chips, including how they might be used for drug development and personalized medicine. Keywords: Organs-on-Chips, Gut-on-a-Chip, Intestine-on-a-Chip, Microfluidic

Implementación del proceso de canal verde en la aduana marítima de Guayaquil

OpenAIRE

Celi Chamba, Johanna Paola

2008-01-01

propone un nuevo proceso para facilitar el comercio exterior y de manera en especial las actividades de importación; este proceso denominado Canal Verde o Aforo Automático está siendo aplicando en la mayoría de las aduanas del mundo logrando crear aduanas eficientes

Intramural intestinal hematoma causing obstruction in three dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R; Carpenter, J

1984-01-15

Intramural hematoma of the intestine caused intestinal obstruction in three dogs. Two dogs were examined because of vomiting and anorexia of several weeks' duration. In one of these, an intramural hematoma of the duodenum was associated with chronic pancreatitis. A cause was not found in the second dog. The third dog, which had clinical and radiographic evidence of gastric dilatation, was found at surgery to have hemoperitoneum associated with a ruptured intramural intestinal hematoma. In 1 dog, the hematoma was evacuated through a serosal incision. In the other 2 dogs, the problem was resolved by resection of the involved segment of intestine, followed by anastomosis. All 3 dogs recovered without complications.

¿El proceso de enfermería hace parte de la calidad del cuidado?

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MYRIAM ABAUNZA DE GONZÁLEZ

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El principal propósito de este artículo es dar respuesta al siguiente interrogante: ¿El proceso de enfermería hace parte de la calidad del cuidado? Para sustentar la respuesta a la pregunta, se parte de referenciar varios autores que han hecho estudios sobre la utilización del método científico, del método de solución de problemas y del proceso de atención de enfermería y su relación con la calidad del servicio y del cuidado de enfermería, al mismo tiempo que se introducen experiencias relacionadas con proyectos de investigación tipo NIPE y Grupos relacionados con el Dx, y experiencias de evaluación de servicios de enfermería en algunos hogares y hospitales en Colombia, México, Cuba y Chile, en donde se aprecia que el proceso de enfermería es el que define el concepto enfermero aplicado. Se concluye que el proceso de enfermería como parte fundamental del cuidado de enfermería, al acortar estancias, disminuir el número de complicaciones y evitar los reingresos, contribuye a mejorar la calidad de su servicio y la calidad de vida de los pacientes/usuarios.

Temporary intestinal ischemia for radiation protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lote, K.

1983-01-01

The most important determinant of cellular radiosensivity is the tissue oxygen content at the time of irradiation. The purpose of the present experimental work was to assess a new iscemia-inducing method in order to reduce normal tissue radiation damage during radiotherapy. Temporary ischemia was induced in a cat small intestine by degraded starch microspheres. Regional arterial and tissue blod flow immediately fell by 85% with subsequent normalization within 26 minutes after microsphere injection. No tendency of small vessel thrombosis caused by starch sphere embolization in combination with previous or current intestinal irradiation was detected. Starch sphere remenants were rapidly engulfed by, and persisted within tissue macrophages for 14 days without causing intestinal inflammatory reactions. In vitro studies showed that human platelets neither adhered to nor were aggregated by starch microspheres. The new method, wich occlude arteriolar vessels distal to the mesentric arterial arcades and thus largely excludes collateral blood flow, seems suited to provide effictive and selective feline small intestinal hypoxic radiation protection. This conclusion may also be valid in man

Intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body*

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolodi, Gabriel Cleve; Trippia, Cesar Rodrigo; Caboclo, Maria Fernanda F. S.; de Castro, Francisco Gomes; Miller, Wagner Peitl; de Lima, Raphael Rodrigues; Tazima, Leandro; Geraldo, Jamylle

2016-01-01

Objective To identify the computed tomography findings suggestive of intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of four cases of surgically proven intestinal perforation by a foreign body, comparing the computed tomography findings with those described in the literature. Results None of the patients reported having ingested a foreign body, all were over 60 years of age, three of the four patients used a dental prosthesis, and all of the foreign bodies were elongated and sharp. In all four patients, there were findings indicative of acute abdomen. None of the foreign bodies were identified on conventional X-rays. The computed tomography findings suggestive of perforation were thickening of the intestinal walls (in all four cases), increased density of mesenteric fat (in all four cases), identification of the foreign body passing through the intestinal wall (in three cases), and gas in the peritoneal cavity (in one case). Conclusion In cases of foreign body ingestion, intestinal perforation is more common when the foreign body is elongated and sharp. Although patients typically do not report having ingested such foreign bodies, the scenario should be suspected in elderly individuals who use dental prostheses. A computed tomography scan can detect foreign bodies, locate perforations, and guide treatment. The findings that suggest perforation are thickening of the intestinal walls, increased mesenteric fat density, and, less frequently, gas in the peritoneal cavity, often restricted to the point of perforation. PMID:27818542

Intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nicolodi, Gabriel Cleve; Trippia, Cesar Rodrigo; Caboclo, Maria Fernanda F.S.; Castro, Francisco Gomes de; Miller, Wagner Peitl; Lima, Raphael Rodrigues de; Tazima, Leandro; Geraldo, Jamylle

2016-01-01

Objective: To identify the computed tomography findings suggestive of intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of four cases of surgically proven intestinal perforation by a foreign body, comparing the computed tomography findings with those described in the literature. Results: None of the patients reported having ingested a foreign body, all were over 60 years of age, three of the four patients used a dental prosthesis, and all of the foreign bodies were elongated and sharp. In all four patients, there were findings indicative of acute abdomen. None of the foreign bodies were identified on conventional X-rays. The computed tomography findings suggestive of perforation were thickening of the intestinal walls (in all four cases), increased density of mesenteric fat (in all four cases), identification of the foreign body passing through the intestinal wall (in three cases), and gas in the peritoneal cavity (in one case). Conclusion: In cases of foreign body ingestion, intestinal perforation is more common when the foreign body is elongated and sharp. Although patients typically do not report having ingested such foreign bodies, the scenario should be suspected in elderly individuals who use dental prostheses. A computed tomography scan can detect foreign bodies, locate perforations, and guide treatment. The findings that suggest perforation are thickening of the intestinal walls, increased mesenteric fat density, and, less frequently, gas in the peritoneal cavity, often restricted to the point of perforation. (author)

Intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body.

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolodi, Gabriel Cleve; Trippia, Cesar Rodrigo; Caboclo, Maria Fernanda F S; de Castro, Francisco Gomes; Miller, Wagner Peitl; de Lima, Raphael Rodrigues; Tazima, Leandro; Geraldo, Jamylle

2016-01-01

To identify the computed tomography findings suggestive of intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body. This was a retrospective study of four cases of surgically proven intestinal perforation by a foreign body, comparing the computed tomography findings with those described in the literature. None of the patients reported having ingested a foreign body, all were over 60 years of age, three of the four patients used a dental prosthesis, and all of the foreign bodies were elongated and sharp. In all four patients, there were findings indicative of acute abdomen. None of the foreign bodies were identified on conventional X-rays. The computed tomography findings suggestive of perforation were thickening of the intestinal walls (in all four cases), increased density of mesenteric fat (in all four cases), identification of the foreign body passing through the intestinal wall (in three cases), and gas in the peritoneal cavity (in one case). In cases of foreign body ingestion, intestinal perforation is more common when the foreign body is elongated and sharp. Although patients typically do not report having ingested such foreign bodies, the scenario should be suspected in elderly individuals who use dental prostheses. A computed tomography scan can detect foreign bodies, locate perforations, and guide treatment. The findings that suggest perforation are thickening of the intestinal walls, increased mesenteric fat density, and, less frequently, gas in the peritoneal cavity, often restricted to the point of perforation.

Intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nicolodi, Gabriel Cleve; Trippia, Cesar Rodrigo; Caboclo, Maria Fernanda F.S.; Castro, Francisco Gomes de; Miller, Wagner Peitl; Lima, Raphael Rodrigues de; Tazima, Leandro; Geraldo, Jamylle, E-mail: gabrielnicolodi@gmail.com [Hospital Sao Vicente - Funef, Curitiba, PR (Brazil)

2016-09-15

Objective: To identify the computed tomography findings suggestive of intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of four cases of surgically proven intestinal perforation by a foreign body, comparing the computed tomography findings with those described in the literature. Results: None of the patients reported having ingested a foreign body, all were over 60 years of age, three of the four patients used a dental prosthesis, and all of the foreign bodies were elongated and sharp. In all four patients, there were findings indicative of acute abdomen. None of the foreign bodies were identified on conventional X-rays. The computed tomography findings suggestive of perforation were thickening of the intestinal walls (in all four cases), increased density of mesenteric fat (in all four cases), identification of the foreign body passing through the intestinal wall (in three cases), and gas in the peritoneal cavity (in one case). Conclusion: In cases of foreign body ingestion, intestinal perforation is more common when the foreign body is elongated and sharp. Although patients typically do not report having ingested such foreign bodies, the scenario should be suspected in elderly individuals who use dental prostheses. A computed tomography scan can detect foreign bodies, locate perforations, and guide treatment. The findings that suggest perforation are thickening of the intestinal walls, increased mesenteric fat density, and, less frequently, gas in the peritoneal cavity, often restricted to the point of perforation. (author)

Intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Cleve Nicolodi

Full Text Available Abstract Objective: To identify the computed tomography findings suggestive of intestinal perforation by an ingested foreign body. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of four cases of surgically proven intestinal perforation by a foreign body, comparing the computed tomography findings with those described in the literature. Results: None of the patients reported having ingested a foreign body, all were over 60 years of age, three of the four patients used a dental prosthesis, and all of the foreign bodies were elongated and sharp. In all four patients, there were findings indicative of acute abdomen. None of the foreign bodies were identified on conventional X-rays. The computed tomography findings suggestive of perforation were thickening of the intestinal walls (in all four cases, increased density of mesenteric fat (in all four cases, identification of the foreign body passing through the intestinal wall (in three cases, and gas in the peritoneal cavity (in one case. Conclusion: In cases of foreign body ingestion, intestinal perforation is more common when the foreign body is elongated and sharp. Although patients typically do not report having ingested such foreign bodies, the scenario should be suspected in elderly individuals who use dental prostheses. A computed tomography scan can detect foreign bodies, locate perforations, and guide treatment. The findings that suggest perforation are thickening of the intestinal walls, increased mesenteric fat density, and, less frequently, gas in the peritoneal cavity, often restricted to the point of perforation.

Procesos atencionales implicados en el Trastorno por Déficit Atencional con Hiperactividad (TDAH)

OpenAIRE

Belmar Mellado, Marta; Navas Martínez, Leandro; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo

2013-01-01

Enfrentar las actividades de la vida diaria implica activar procesos atencionales que nos permitan estar más receptivos a los sucesos del ambiente y desempeñarnos en determinadas tareas independientemente del tipo de esfuerzo que ellas supongan. En este contexto, el trabajo tiene como propósito analizar los procesos de atención presentes en el déficit atencional. Los mecanismos implicados pueden ser del tipo selectivo, de distribución y de mantenimiento o sostenimiento. En los alumnos con TDA...

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and other preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide-derived peptides in the female and male genital tract: localization, biosynthesis, and functional and clinical significance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ottesen, B; Fahrenkrug, J

1995-01-01

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, a neuropeptide with wide distribution in the central and peripheral nervous system, has a broad spectrum of biologic actions. The demonstration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide containing nerve fibers within the female and male genital tract 17 years ago...... indicated a putative role for this peptide in the local nervous control of reproductive functions. The genes encoding the preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide precursor molecule and the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor have been identified. The gene expression has been studied by the use...... in the genital tracts (i.e., blood flow and nonvascular smooth muscle relaxation). In the ovary vasoactive intestinal polypeptide seems to play an important role as regulator and/or modulator of folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. In the male genital tract vasoactive intestinal polypeptide seems to participate...

Competencias en proceso de enfermería en estudiantes de práctica clínica

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Diana Carolina Tiga Loza

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El proceso de enfermería es un método que involucra conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, capacidades, actitudes y valores adquiridos durante la formación profesional, por tanto es fundamental garantizar el logro de esta competencia en la práctica clínica. El objetivo consistió en evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento y alcance de las competencias en Proceso de Enfermería en los estudiantes de Enfermería. Materiales y Métodos: Diseño de corte transversal, cuya muestra correspondió al total de estudiantes matriculados (73 estudiantes en IV y VI nivel de un programa de enfermería de la ciudad de Bucaramanga que rotaban por áreas clínicas y comunitarias. Resultados: Según la opinión de los estudiantes, las competencias de proceso de enfermería fueron alcanzadas entre 2.63% a un 100% y un nivel de cumplimiento de 2.7 y 4, que según la escala establecida están entre regular y muy bueno. La competencia “Brinda cuidado aplicando el proceso de enfermería” fue común entre rotaciones de IV nivel y no se encontraron diferencias en el nivel de logro percibido (p=0.3180 test ANVOVA, además evidenció una diferencia significativa entre el nivel alcanzado entre IV y VI semestre. Discusión: Aunque existen pocos estudios sobre la medición de las competencias en proceso de enfermería durante la formación universitaria, un gran número de publicaciones científicas han hecho evidente los resultados de la aplicación de este método en la práctica clínica. Conclusiones: El conocer en qué medida las competencias en proceso de Enfermería son alcanzadas y en qué nivel, facilita el ajuste de aspectos curriculares del programa del estudio. Palabras clave: Procesos de Enfermería, Evaluación, Competencia Clínica. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME. Cómo citar este artículo: Tiga Loza DC, Parra DI, Domínguez Nariño CC. Competencias en proceso de enfermería en estudiantes de práctica clínica. Rev Cuid. 2014; 5(1: 585

The Brain–Intestinal Mucosa–Appendix– Microbiome–Brain Loop

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Luis Vitetta

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The brain and the gut are connected from early fetal life. The mother’s exposure to microbial molecules is thought to exert in utero developmental effects on the fetus. These effects could importantly underpin the groundwork for subsequent pathophysiological mechanisms for achieving immunological tolerance and metabolic equilibrium post birth, events that continue through to 3–4 years of age. Furthermore, it is understood that the microbiome promotes cues that instruct the neonate’s mucosal tissues and skin in the language of molecular and cellular biology. Post birth mucosal lymphoid tissue formation and maturation (most probably including the vermiform appendix is microbiota-encouraged co-establishing the intestinal microbiome with a developing immune system. Intestinal mucosal tissue maturation loops the brain-gut-brain and is postulated to influence mood dispositions via shifts in the intestinal microbiome phyla. A plausible appreciation is that dysregulated pro-inflammatory signals from intestinal resident macrophages could breach the loop by providing adverse mood signals via vagus nerve afferents to the brain. In this commentary, we further suggest that the intestinal resident macrophages act as an upstream traffic controller of translocated microbes and metabolites in order to maintain local neuro-endocrine-immunological equilibrium. When macrophages are overwhelmed through intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelial cell dysbiosis, pro-inflammatory signals are sustained, which may then lead to mood disorders. The administration of probiotics as an adjunctive medicine co-administered with antidepressant medications in improving depressed mood may have biological and clinical standing.

Neural influences on human intestinal epithelium in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Krueger, Dagmar; Michel, Klaus; Zeller, Florian; Demir, Ihsan E; Ceyhan, Güralp O; Slotta-Huspenina, Julia; Schemann, Michael

2016-01-15

We present the first systematic and, up to now, most comprehensive evaluation of the basic features of epithelial functions, such as basal and nerve-evoked secretion, as well as tissue resistance, in over 2200 surgical specimens of human small and large intestine. We found no evidence for impaired nerve-evoked epithelial secretion or tissue resistance with age or disease pathologies (stomach, pancreas or colon cancer, polyps, diverticulitis, stoma reversal). This indicates the validity of future studies on epithelial secretion or resistance that are based on data from a variety of surgical specimens. ACh mainly mediated nerve-evoked and basal secretion in the small intestine, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide were the primary pro-secretory transmitters in the large intestine. The results of the present study revealed novel insights into regional differences in nerve-mediated secretion in the human intestine and comprise the basis by which to more specifically target impaired epithelial functions in the diseased gut. Knowledge on basic features of epithelial functions in the human intestine is scarce. We used Ussing chamber techniques to record basal tissue resistance (R-basal) and short circuit currents (ISC; secretion) under basal conditions (ISC-basal) and after electrical field stimulation (ISC-EFS) of nerves in 2221 resectates from 435 patients. ISC-EFS was TTX-sensitive and of comparable magnitude in the small and large intestine. ISC-EFS or R-basal were not influenced by the patients' age, sex or disease pathologies (cancer, polyps, diverticulitis). Ion substitution, bumetanide or adenylate cyclase inhibition studies suggested that ISC-EFS depended on epithelial cAMP-driven chloride and bicarbonate secretion but not on amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption. Although atropine-sensitive cholinergic components prevailed for ISC-EFS of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, PG97-269-sensitive [vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor 1

Optimización del proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81

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Néstor Caicedo Solano

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 puede llegar a generarse un incremento del porcentaje de producto no conforme por baja carga de rotura, baja conductividad e incumplimiento del diámetro, a pesar de que la colada de aleación cumpla con los requisitos de composición química especificados en la Norma ASTM B398 (alambres de aleación de aluminio 6201 T-81 y que además, durante el proceso de trefilación de los alambres, se controlen las variables mecánicas y eléctricas que garanticen la calidad final del producto en el último proceso: el tratamiento térmico. Este trabajo está enfocado al mejoramiento del proceso de fabricación de los alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 para conductores eléctricos AAAC, utilizando estrategias experimentales, fundamentos de dominancia y control estadístico de procesos, con el fin de optimizar las condiciones de carga de rotura, conductividad y diámetro.

Estrategias instruccionales aplicadas por los docentes para desarrollar procesos metacognitivos en los estudiantes

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Meredith Jiménez Cárdena

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron las estrategias instruccionales aplicadas por docentes, en el desarrollo de procesos metacognitivos a estudiantes del Instituto Técnico Nacional de Formación Técnica Profesional (INFOTEP. Tipo de investigación analítica, con diseño no experimental transversal de campo. Representado por 67 docentes que laboran en el INFOTEP del Municipio de San Juan del Cesar, Guajira – Colombia, y 830 estudiantes del período II-2014. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta y observación participante se realizó instrumento con 30 ítems y 5 alternativas de respuestas cerradas, La validez mediante juicio de expertos, y confiabilidad del coeficiente de Alpha Cronbach, alcanzando un valor de 0,85. Se concluyó que existen diferencias en las respuestas entre docentes y estudiantes, con relación a las estrategias instruccionales y la percepción del proceso metacognitivo de los alumnos; se observó un nivel de correspondencia moderado entre ambas variables. Las estrategias aplicadas por docentes no han permitido consolidar de manera plena los conocimientos que contribuyan al manejo efectivo de procesos cognitivos por parte de los estudiantes y, por consiguiente, a alcanzar un aprendizaje significativo. Se recomienda diseñar jornadas de reflexión para socializar los resultados, a fin de delinear acciones que contribuyan al desarrollo de los procesos metacognitivos, en relación al conocimiento, a su base cognitiva, que puedan conducir a un aprendizaje significativo.

Juicios valorativos: elementos y proceso de formulación en la evaluación del aprendizaje

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Pasek de Pinto, Eva

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es producto de una investigación cuyo objetivo consistió enanalizar los elementos de los juicios valorativos y el proceso de su formulación en la evaluación de los aprendizajes. Metodológicamente se trata de un estudio documental que se realizó en siete pasos: Formular preguntas iniciales, explorar bibliografía, enfocar teóricamente el problema, establecer el modelo de análisis, observar documentos, analizar e integrar la información y elaborar conclusiones. Como resultado se obtuvo: 1 la descripción de los tres elementos de un juicio: sujeto, cópula y predicado; 2 un proceso para formular juicios estimativos en cuatro pasos: comparar, interpretar, calificar y juzgar o valorar; 3 un proceso para formular juicios predictivos en tres pasos:buscar otras opiniones, analizar realizaciones pasadas y predecir logros futuros. Se concluye que el juicio es el momento álgido de la evaluación, pues evaluar es juzgar. En consecuencia, conocer los elementos que constituyen un juicio y el proceso para formular juicios valorativos es imprescindible para generar confianza en la elaboración de juicios correctos y adecuados para una acertada toma de decisiones, conduciendo un proceso de evaluación óptimo, pertinente, justo, cónsono con la políticas educativas establecidas

Intestinal endocrine cells in radiation enteritis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pietroletti, R.; Blaauwgeers, J.L.; Taat, C.W.; Simi, M.; Brummelkamp, W.H.; Becker, A.E.

1989-01-01

In this study, the intestinal endocrine cells were investigated in 13 surgical specimens affected by radiation enteritis. Endocrine cells were studied by means of Grimelius' silver staining and immunostaining for chromogranin, a general marker of endocrine cells. Positively stained cells were quantified by counting their number per unit length of muscularis mucosa. Results in radiation enteritis were compared with matched control specimens by using Student's t test. Chromogranin immunostaining showed a statistically significant increase of endocrine cells in radiation enteritis specimens compared with controls both in small and large intestine (ileum, 67.5 +/- 23.5 cells per unit length of muscularis mucosa in radiation enteritis versus 17.0 +/- 6.1 in controls; colon, 40.9 +/- 13.7 cells per unit length of muscularis mucosa in radiation enteritis versus 9.5 +/- 4.1 in controls--p less than 0.005 in both instances). Increase of endocrine cells was demonstrated also by Grimelius' staining; however, without reaching statistical significance. It is not clear whether or not the increase of endocrine cells in radiation enteritis reported in this study is caused by a hyperplastic response or by a sparing phenomenon. We should consider that increased endocrine cells, when abnormally secreting their products, may be involved in some of the clinical features of radiation enteropathy. In addition, as intestinal endocrine cells produce trophic substances to the intestine, their increase could be responsible for the raised risk of developing carcinoma of the intestine in long standing radiation enteritis

Regulation of intestinal protein metabolism by amino acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Bertrand, Julien; Goichon, Alexis; Déchelotte, Pierre; Coëffier, Moïse

2013-09-01

Gut homeostasis plays a major role in health and may be regulated by quantitative and qualitative food intake. In the intestinal mucosa, an intense renewal of proteins occurs, at approximately 50% per day in humans. In some pathophysiological conditions, protein turnover is altered and may contribute to intestinal or systemic diseases. Amino acids are key effectors of gut protein turnover, both as constituents of proteins and as regulatory molecules limiting intestinal injury and maintaining intestinal functions. Many studies have focused on two amino acids: glutamine, known as the preferential substrate of rapidly dividing cells, and arginine, another conditionally essential amino acid. The effects of glutamine and arginine on protein synthesis appear to be model and condition dependent, as are the involved signaling pathways. The regulation of gut protein degradation by amino acids has been minimally documented until now. This review will examine recent data, helping to better understand how amino acids regulate intestinal protein metabolism, and will explore perspectives for future studies.

Ultrasonographic findings of intestinal intussusception in seven cats.

Science.gov (United States)

Patsikas, M N; Papazoglou, L G; Papaioannou, N G; Savvas, I; Kazakos, G M; Dessiris, A K

2003-12-01

The medical records of seven cats with intestinal intussusception that were diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography and exploratory laparotomy were reviewed. In transverse ultrasonographic sections the intussusception appeared as a target-like mass consisting of one, two or more hyperechoic and hypoechoic concentric rings surrounding a C-shaped, circular or non-specific shaped hyperechoic centre. Part of the intestine representing the inner intussusceptum, located close to the hyperechoic centre and surrounded by concentric rings, was also detected. In longitudinal sections the intussusception appeared as multiple hyperechoic and hypoechoic parallel lines in four cases and as an ovoid mass in three cases. In one case the ovoid mass had a 'kidney' configuration. Additional ultrasonographic findings associated with intestinal intussusception included an intestinal neoplasm in one cat. The results of the present study demonstrate that the ultrasonographic findings of intestinal intussusception in cats bear some similarities to those described in dogs and humans, are relatively consistent, and facilitate a specific diagnosis.

Bovine lactoferrin regulates cell survival, apoptosis and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells and preterm pig intestine.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Duc Ninh; Jiang, Pingping; Stensballe, Allan; Bendixen, Emøke; Sangild, Per T; Chatterton, Dereck E W

2016-04-29

Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) may modulate neonatal intestinal inflammation. Previous studies in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) indicated that moderate bLF doses enhance proliferation whereas high doses trigger inflammation. To further elucidate cellular mechanisms, we profiled the porcine IEC proteome after stimulation with bLF at 0, 0.1, 1 and 10g/L by LC-MS-based proteomics. Key pathways were analyzed in the intestine of formula-fed preterm pigs with and without supplementation of 10g/L bLF. Levels of 123 IEC proteins were altered by bLF. Low bLF doses (0.1-1g/L) up-regulated 11 proteins associated with glycolysis, energy metabolism and protein synthesis, indicating support of cell survival. In contrast, a high bLF dose (10g/L) up-regulated three apoptosis-inducing proteins, down-regulated five anti-apoptotic and proliferation-inducing proteins and 15 proteins related to energy and amino acid metabolism, and altered three proteins enhancing the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway. In the preterm pig intestine, bLF at 10g/L decreased villus height/crypt depth ratio and up-regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and HIF-1α, indicating elevated intestinal apoptosis and inflammation. In conclusion, bLF dose-dependently affects IECs via metabolic, apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. It is important to select an appropriate dose when feeding neonates with bLF to avoid detrimental effects exerted by excessive doses. The present work elucidates dose-dependent effects of bLF on the proteomic changes of IECs in vitro supplemented with data from a preterm pig study confirming detrimental effects of enteral feeding with the highest dose of bLF (10g/L). The study contributes to further understanding on mechanisms that bLF, as an important milk protein, can regulate the homeostasis of the immature intestine. Results from this study urge neonatologists to carefully consider the dose of bLF to supplement into infant formula used for preterm neonates. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B

HDAC1 and HDAC2 restrain the intestinal inflammatory response by regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.

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Naomie Turgeon

Full Text Available Acetylation and deacetylation of histones and other proteins depends on histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs activities, leading to either positive or negative gene expression. HDAC inhibitors have uncovered a role for HDACs in proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. However, little is known of the roles of specific HDACs in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC. We investigated the consequences of ablating both HDAC1 and HDAC2 in murine IECs. Floxed Hdac1 and Hdac2 homozygous mice were crossed with villin-Cre mice. Mice deficient in both IEC HDAC1 and HDAC2 weighed less and survived more than a year. Colon and small intestinal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or with Alcian blue and Periodic Acid Schiff for goblet cell identification. Tissue sections from mice injected with BrdU for 2 h, 14 h and 48 h were stained with anti-BrdU. To determine intestinal permeability, 4-kDa FITC-labeled dextran was given by gavage for 3 h. Microarray analysis was performed on total colon RNAs. Inflammatory and IEC-specific gene expression was assessed by Western blot or semi-quantitative RT-PCR and qPCR with respectively total colon protein and total colon RNAs. HDAC1 and HDAC2-deficient mice displayed: 1 increased migration and proliferation, with elevated cyclin D1 expression and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein, a downstream mTOR target; 2 tissue architecture defects with cell differentiation alterations, correlating with reduction of secretory Paneth and goblet cells in jejunum and goblet cells in colon, increased expression of enterocytic markers such as sucrase-isomaltase in the colon, increased expression of cleaved Notch1 and augmented intestinal permeability; 3 loss of tissue homeostasis, as evidenced by modifications of claudin 3 expression, caspase-3 cleavage and Stat3 phosphorylation; 4 chronic inflammation, as determined by inflammatory molecular expression signatures and altered inflammatory gene expression

La protección del menor en el proceso judicial de prodigalidad. La protección del menor en el proceso judicial de prodigalidad *.

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Sonia Calaza López

2011-09-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo se analiza la posible reinvención del proceso de prodigalidad desde la perspectiva de la protección de los menores. En este sentido, proponemos la regulación de un proceso de prodigalidad ágil, dinámico, eficaz, sencillo y económico, que, sin merma de garantías procesales, otorgue, en breve espacio de tiempo, adecuada satisfacción a las necesidades de los alimentistas frente a sus alimentantes.In this test there is analyzed the possible reinvention of the process of prodigality from the perspective of the protection of the minors. In this respect, we propose the regulation of a process, dynamic, effective, simple and economic of agile prodigality, that, without wastage of procedural guarantees, it grants, shortly lapse of time, suitable satisfaction to the needs of the alimentistas opposite to his alimentantes.

Sand impaction of the small intestine in eight dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Moles, A D; McGhite, A; Schaaf, O R; Read, R

2010-01-01

To describe signalment, clinical findings, imaging and treatment of intestinal sand impaction in the dog. Medical records of dogs with radiographic evidence of small intestinal sand impaction were reviewed. Sand impaction resulting in small intestinal obstruction was diagnosed in eight dogs. All dogs presented with signs of vomiting. Other clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy and abdominal pain. Radiographs confirmed the presence of radio-opaque material consistent with sand causing distension of the terminal small intestine in all dogs. Four dogs were treated surgically for their impaction and four dogs were managed medically. Seven of the eight dogs survived. Both medical and surgical management of intestinal sand impaction in the dog can be effective and both afford a good prognosis for recovery.

A deconvolution technique for processing small intestinal transit data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brinch, K. [Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen (Denmark); Larsson, H.B.W. [Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen (Denmark); Madsen, J.L. [Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen (Denmark)

1999-03-01

The deconvolution technique can be used to compute small intestinal impulse response curves from scintigraphic data. Previously suggested approaches, however, are sensitive to noise from the data. We investigated whether deconvolution based on a new simple iterative convolving technique can be recommended. Eight healthy volunteers ingested a meal that contained indium-111 diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid labelled water and technetium-99m stannous colloid labelled omelette. Imaging was performed at 30-min intervals until all radioactivity was located in the colon. A Fermi function=(1+e{sup -{alpha}{beta}})/(1+e{sup (t-{alpha}){beta}}) was chosen to characterize the small intestinal impulse response function. By changing only two parameters, {alpha} and {beta}, it is possible to obtain configurations from nearly a square function to nearly a monoexponential function. Small intestinal input function was obtained from the gastric emptying curve and convolved with the Fermi function. The sum of least squares was used to find {alpha} and {beta} yielding the best fit of the convolved curve to the oberved small intestinal time-activity curve. Finally, a small intestinal mean transit time was calculated from the Fermi function referred to. In all cases, we found an excellent fit of the convolved curve to the observed small intestinal time-activity curve, that is the Fermi function reflected the small intestinal impulse response curve. Small intestinal mean transit time of liquid marker (median 2.02 h) was significantly shorter than that of solid marker (median 2.99 h; P<0.02). The iterative convolving technique seems to be an attractive alternative to ordinary approaches for the processing of small intestinal transit data. (orig.) With 2 figs., 13 refs.

Interactions Between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota Alter Intestinal Permeability and Colitis Severity in Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Llewellyn, Sean R; Britton, Graham J; Contijoch, Eduardo J; Vennaro, Olivia H; Mortha, Arthur; Colombel, Jean-Frederic; Grinspan, Ari; Clemente, Jose C; Merad, Miriam; Faith, Jeremiah J

2018-03-01

It is not clear how the complex interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiota affect development of mucosal inflammation or inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated interactions between dietary ingredients, nutrients, and the microbiota in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice given more than 40 unique diets; we quantified individual and synergistic effects of dietary macronutrients and the microbiota on intestinal health and development of colitis. C56BL/6J SPF and GF mice were placed on custom diets containing different concentrations and sources of protein, fat, digestible carbohydrates, and indigestible carbohydrates (fiber). After 1 week, SPF and GF mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. Disease severity was determined based on the percent weight change from baseline, and modeled as a function of the concentration of each macronutrient in the diet. In unchallenged mice, we measured intestinal permeability by feeding mice labeled dextran and measuring levels in blood. Feces were collected and microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. We collected colons from mice and performed transcriptome analyses. Fecal microbiota varied with diet; the concentration of protein and fiber had the strongest effect on colitis development. Among 9 fiber sources tested, psyllium, pectin, and cellulose fiber reduced the severity of colitis in SPF mice, whereas methylcellulose increased severity. Increasing dietary protein increased the density of the fecal microbiota and the severity of colitis in SPF mice, but not in GF mice or mice given antibiotics. Psyllium fiber reduced the severity of colitis through microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms. Combinatorial perturbations to dietary casein protein and psyllium fiber in parallel accounted for most variation in gut microbial density and intestinal permeability in unchallenged mice, as well as the severity of DSS-induced colitis; changes in 1 ingredient

Circadian disorganization alters intestinal microbiota.

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Robin M Voigt

Full Text Available Intestinal dysbiosis and circadian rhythm disruption are associated with similar diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the overlap, the potential relationship between circadian disorganization and dysbiosis is unknown; thus, in the present study, a model of chronic circadian disruption was used to determine the impact on the intestinal microbiome. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent once weekly phase reversals of the light:dark cycle (i.e., circadian rhythm disrupted mice to determine the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on the intestinal microbiome and were fed either standard chow or a high-fat, high-sugar diet to determine how diet influences circadian disruption-induced effects on the microbiome. Weekly phase reversals of the light:dark (LD cycle did not alter the microbiome in mice fed standard chow; however, mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet in conjunction with phase shifts in the light:dark cycle had significantly altered microbiota. While it is yet to be established if some of the adverse effects associated with circadian disorganization in humans (e.g., shift workers, travelers moving across time zones, and in individuals with social jet lag are mediated by dysbiosis, the current study demonstrates that circadian disorganization can impact the intestinal microbiota which may have implications for inflammatory diseases.

PROCESOS DE GOBERNANZA EN LA GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL DEL HÁBITAT URBANO

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BOTANA MARÍA INÉS

2010-05-01

Full Text Available El trabajo hace énfasis en la dimensión socio- cultural y política de la gestión ambiental del hábitat urbano, intentando descubrir si procesos de gobernanza multinivel intervienen en el caso de la construcción de viviendas y relocalización de habitantes en el Municipio de La Plata. La complejidad de los problemas ambientales, particularmente vinculados al hábitat urbano, exige más que nunca indagar en las formas posibles de abordarlos. Entre éstas, la perspectiva de la gobernanza se presenta como una alternativa frente a las actuales tendencias que atraviesa el desarrollo urbano en las ciudades posindustriales. El caso analizado da cuenta de un alto grado de interacción intergubernamental, caracterizado por procesos “top down”, no favorables al desarrollo de coaliciones de gobernanza local, con una participación de los actores destinatarios de las viviendas extremadamente baja. Desde el nivel de la actuación, orienta la reflexión hacia la necesidad de encontrar instrumentos que permitan reorientar, desde una perspectiva ambiental, el desarrollo urbano hacia una sociedad más equitativa contemplando procesos de gobernanza, en el sentido de una búsqueda más equilibrada de políticas públicas integradas con los procesos de negociación más propios de los espacios donde el capital privado se valoriza rápidamente, - esto es red de autopistas, operaciones de cosmética urbana, mega- emprendimientos inmobiliarios, entre otros -, conjuntamente con la participación de un grupo de actores significativos, donde esté también el ciudadano común.

La acreditacion como proceso dinamizador hacia la calidad

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Belén Boville Luca de Tena

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Con metodología de estudio de caso se aborda la acreditación de un centro de Educación Superior mexicano, la Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comercio y Administración Victoria de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Mediante el estudio del proceso de evaluación se trata de descubrir cómo ha generado el dinamismo que permite una mejora sustancial de la calidad. Los hallazgos ponen de manifiesto un modelo de gestión que privilegia liderazgo compartido, planeación estratégica, autoevaluación y trabajo en equipo en torno a una visión común. Se identifica una planta docente profesionalizada y programas de estudio con enfoque integral, complementado con actividades de investigación, cultura y deporte. Comprometidos con un proceso de mejora contínua, la consolidación de metas a corto y largo plazo está íntimamente relacionada con el sentido de pertenencia de sus miembros a esa organización. La corresponsabilidad ante el éxito o el fracaso es una característica clave en el éxito de esta comunidad educativa.

Estudio del proceso constructivo de cimentaciones de gravedad para eólica offshore

OpenAIRE

Solana Santillana, Borja

2015-01-01

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar el proceso constructivo de una cimentación de gravedad para eólica offshore. Al igual que en el otro proyecto, “Diseño de Cimentaciones en Gravedad para Eólica Offshore”, tras una revisión del estado del arte, y de los antecedentes existentes, se procede al estudio de los requerimientos de diseño, que pueden condicionar el proceso constructivo. Una vez conocidos los condicionantes y las características geométricas de la cimentación se...

Calidad total en un modelo integrado de proceso software y ciclo de vida

OpenAIRE

Mon, Alicia; Garzás, Javier

2009-01-01

La modelización del Proceso Software constituye un marco de referencia para la organización de las actividades que involucran todas las etapas del desarrollo. La representación del ciclo de vida define los estados por los que pasa un producto software y la representación del proceso software define el conjunto de actividades esenciales no ordenadas en el tiempo que requiere el desarrollo de software. En el presente artículo se exponen los avances de una investigación que propone una modeli...

Eficiencia tecnica y estacionalidad en los procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales

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Ramon Sala-Garrido

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de la eficiencia técnica en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales esun fenómeno de creciente actualidad. Son muchas las razones que justifican la necesidad deconocer en detalle las posibles ineficiencias existentes en los procesos de tratamiento. El uso demodelos DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis en este campo ofrece grandes posibilidades conrespecto a la identificación y el conocimiento detallado de los factores que determinan laeficiencia de una planta. La obtención de indicadores de eficiencia asociados a cada uno de losinputs utilizados en el proceso resulta de gran utilidad. Una de las variables que influye en elcomportamiento eficiente de los procesos de tratamiento es la estacionalidad en los flujos.Aunque resulta difícil la cuantificación de esta influencia, en este trabajo se presenta unametodología que permite abordar los efectos de la estacionalidad a través de un análisis detolerancias asociado a los índices de eficiencia técnica. Se lleva a cabo una aplicación empíricapara una muestra de plantas de tratamiento existentes en la Comunidad Valenciana.

Algunas mutaciones del derecho originario en el proceso de integración europea = Some mutations in the primary law during the european integration process

OpenAIRE

Allué Buiza, Alfredo

2012-01-01

La Integración Europea es de carácter jurídico internacional y también constitucional. Existen procesos de reforma intergubernamental, procesos cuasiconstituyentes, y procesos de mutación constitucional. Estos últimos procesos han existido a lo largo de todo el proceso de integración. Las mutaciones han inspirado posteriormente los cambios en el derecho originario.European integration has a legal character, international but also constitutional. There are intergovernmental refo...

Laparoscopic Treatment of Intestinal Malrotation in Children

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ooms, N.; Matthyssens, L.E.; Draaisma, J.M.T.; Blaauw, I. de; Wijnen, M.H.

2016-01-01

Purpose Intestinal malrotation is a congenital intestinal rotation anomaly, which can be treated by either laparotomy or laparoscopy. Our hypothesis is that laparoscopic treatment leads to less small bowel obstruction because of the fewer adhesions in comparison to laparotomy, without increasing the

Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs1234

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Saebyeol; Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei; Lakshman, Sukla; Molokin, Aleksey; Harnly, James M; Vinyard, Bryan T; Urban, Joseph F; Davis, Cindy D; Solano-Aguilar, Gloria

2016-01-01

Background: Consumption of cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched cocoa powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status. Methods: Male pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched cocoa powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined. Results: O-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (P cocoa powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of cocoa powder fed to pigs increased (75–85%, P cocoa powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of cocoa powder reduced TLR9 gene expression in ileal Peyer’s patches (67–80%, P cocoa powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with cocoa powder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that consumption of cocoa powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity. PMID:26936136

Congenital cytomegalovirus related intestinal malrotation: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Colomba, Claudia; Giuffrè, Mario; La Placa, Simona; Cascio, Antonio; Trizzino, Marcello; De Grazia, Simona; Corsello, Giovanni

2016-12-07

Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital infection in the developed countries. Gastrointestinal involvement has been extensively described in both adult and paediatric immunocompromised patients but it is infrequent in congenital or perinatal CMV infection. We report on a case of coexistent congenital Cytomegalovirus infection with intestinal malrotation and positive intestinal Cytomegalovirus biopsy. At birth the neonate showed clinical and radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction. Meconium passed only after evacuative nursing procedures; stooling pattern was irregular; gastric residuals were bile-stained. Laparatomy revealed a complete intestinal malrotation and contextually gastrointestinal biopsy samples of the appendix confirmed the diagnosis of CMV gastrointestinal disease. Intravenous ganciclovir was initiated for 2 weeks, followed by oral valgancyclovir for 6 month. CMV-induced proinflammatory process may be responsible of the interruption of the normal development of the gut or could in turn lead to a disruption in the normal development of the gut potentiating the mechanism causing malrotation. We suggest the hypothesis that an inflammatory process induced by CMV congenital infection may be responsible, in the early gestation, of the intestinal end-organ disease, as the intestinal malrotation. CMV infection should always be excluded in full-term infants presenting with colonic stricture or malrotation.

Is isomerism a risk factor for intestinal volvulus?

Science.gov (United States)

Landisch, Rachel M; Loomba, Rohit S; Salazar, Jose H; Buelow, Matthew W; Frommelt, Michele; Anderson, Robert H; Wagner, Amy J

2018-03-06

Isomerism, or heterotaxy syndrome, affects many organ systems anatomically and functionally. Intestinal malrotation is common in patients with isomerism. Despite a low reported risk of volvulus, some physicians perform routine screening and prophylactic Ladd procedures on asymptomatic patients with isomerism who are found to have intestinal malrotation. The primary aim of this study was to determine if isomerism is an independent risk factor for volvulus. Kid's Inpatient Database data from 1997 to 2012 was utilized for this study. Characteristics of admissions with and without isomerism were compared with a particular focus on intestinal malrotation, volvulus, and Ladd procedure. A logistic regression was conducted to determine independent risk factors for volvulus with respect to isomerism. 15,962,403 inpatient admissions were included in the analysis, of which 7970 (0.05%) patients had isomerism, and 6 patients (0.1%) developed volvulus. Isomerism was associated with a 52-fold increase in the odds of intestinal malrotation by univariate analysis. Of 251 with isomerism and intestinal malrotation, only 2.4% experienced volvulus. Logistic regression demonstrated that isomerism was not an independent risk factor for volvulus. Isomerism is associated with an increased risk of intestinal malrotation but is not an independent risk factor for volvulus. Prognosis study. Level III. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Algunos elementos para interpretar la presencia de los varones en los procesos de salud reproductiva

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Juan Guillermo Figueroa-Perea

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo es identificar vertientes analíticas para ubicar a los varones en los procesos de salud reproductiva. Se propone cuestionar la interpretación que los identifica solamente como actores que pueden apoyar mejorías en la salud de las mujeres y de los hijos. Es reciente la inquietud por redimensionar su papel, como seres que se reproducen y enfrentan riesgos en su aparato, comportamiento y proceso reproductivos. Una posibilidad para explicitar la presencia de los varones en dichos procesos es identificar cuáles son sus ausencias y presencias que condicionan las consecuencias favorables o no para las mujeres y los hijos. Se trata de ver de qué manera dificultan o contribuyen a mejorar las condiciones de la morbimortalidad materna. Una segunda posibilidad es incursionar en el carácter relacional, social y potencialmente conflictivo de la reproducción "sexualizada". Implica replantear el análisis de la reproducción como un proceso relacional y no como eventos aislados de hombres y mujeres, al mismo tiempo que recuperar la especificidad de unos y de otras. Se utiliza la perspectiva de género con el fin de imaginar los procesos sin negar la dimensión del poder. Así, se replantean la sexualidad, la reproducción y la salud en términos de interacción, con el fin de construir referencias más claras respecto a la población masculina.

FEATURES OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CHILDREN WITH A SYNDROME OF EXCESSIVE BACTERIAL GROWTH IN THE SMALL INTESTINE

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L. A. Lityaeva

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the parietal microbiota of the intestine in children with a verified syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine. Clinical and laboratory examination of 25 children at risk of intrauterine infection at the age of 8 months — 4 years with a verified syndrome of excess bacterial growth in the small intestine was performed based on the results of the hydrogen breath test. Investigation of the species and quantitative composition of the parietal intestinal microbiota was carried out with the help of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method with determination of the concentration of microbial markers by drop of blood (laboratory of bifidobacteria of the Federal Budgetary Institute of Science Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology name after G.N. Gabrichevsky. It was revealed that all of them recorded a high concentration of microbial markers of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria of the colon and viruses of the Herpes family due to a deficit of representatives of priority genera (Propionibacterium Freunderherii 5-fold, Eubacterium spp. 4.8-fold, Bifidobacterium spp. 4-fold, Lactobacillus spp. 1.5-fold with an excess of endotoxin (by 1.5—2-fold and a decrease in plasmalogen (by 2-fold. These data testify to the inflammatory process of the small intestinal mucosa, which aggravates the disturbances in its functioning and confirm the informative nature of the gas chromatography and spectrometry method.

A clinico-radiological reappraisal of intestinal tuberculosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tandon, R.K.; Sarin, S.K.; Bose, S.L.; Berry, M.; Tandon, B.N.

1986-01-01

Intestinal tuberculosis is still common in developing countries. In 186 patients with intestinal tuberculosis, clinical features, radiological findings and complications were carefully recorded and compared with those from earlier studies with a view to study any possible changes after the liberal use of antitubercular drugs. Sixty two percent of the patients in the present series had had prior exposure to antitubercular drugs. The incidence of systemic symptoms like fever and anorexia, alternating diarrhoea and constipation, peritoneal and lymph node involvements and associated pulmonary lesions were less frequently observed. On the other hand, an indolent and complicated course with intestinal obstruction (47 %) and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (5.5 %) and frequent colonic involvement (19 %) often necessitating surgical intervention appeared to have become more frequent than reported in earlier series. Awareness of these changes in the clinical profile of intestinal tuberculosis should be helpful in the diagnosis and management of the condition. (author)

Stem cell self-renewal in intestinal crypt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simons, Benjamin D.; Clevers, Hans

2011-01-01

As a rapidly cycling tissue capable of fast repair and regeneration, the intestinal epithelium has emerged as a favored model system to explore the principles of adult stem cell biology. However, until recently, the identity and characteristics of the stem cell population in both the small intestine and colon has remained the subject of debate. Recent studies based on targeted lineage tracing strategies, combined with the development of an organotypic culture system, have identified the crypt base columnar cell as the intestinal stem cell, and have unveiled the strategy by which the balance between proliferation and differentiation is maintained. These results show that intestinal stem cells operate in a dynamic environment in which frequent and stochastic stem cell loss is compensated by the proliferation of neighboring stem cells. We review the basis of these experimental findings and the insights they offer into the mechanisms of homeostatic stem cell regulation.

Oral Administration of Probiotics Increases Paneth Cells and Intestinal Antimicrobial Activity

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Silvia I. Cazorla

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The huge amount of intestinal bacteria represents a continuing threat to the intestinal barrier. To meet this challenge, gut epithelial cells produce antimicrobial peptides (AMP that act at the forefront of innate immunity. We explore whether this antimicrobial activity and Paneth cells, the main intestinal cell responsible of AMP production, are influenced by probiotics administration, to avoid the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and preserve intestinal barrier. Administration of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 (Lc 431 and L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 (Lp 1518 to 42 days old mice, increases the number of Paneth cells on small intestine, and the antimicrobial activity against the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium in the intestinal fluids. Specifically, strong damage of the bacterial cell with leakage of cytoplasmic content, and cellular fragmentation were observed in S. Typhimurium and S. aureus. Even more important, probiotics increase the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal fluids at the different ages, from weaning (21 days old to old age (180 days old. Intestinal antimicrobial activity stimulated by oral probiotics, do not influence significantly the composition of total anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli and enterobacteria in the large intestine, at any age analyzed. This result, together with the antimicrobial activity observed against the same probiotic bacteria; endorse the regular consumption of probiotics without adverse effect on the intestinal homeostasis in healthy individuals. We demonstrate that oral probiotics increase intestinal antimicrobial activity and Paneth cells in order to strengthen epithelial barrier against pathogens. This effect would be another important mechanism by which probiotics protect the host mainly against infectious diseases.

St. John's wort attenuates irinotecan-induced diarrhea via down-regulation of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of intestinal epithelial apoptosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Zeping; Yang Xiaoxia; Chan Suiyung; Xu Anlong; Duan Wei; Zhu Yizhun; Sheu, F.-S.; Boelsterli, Urs Alex; Chan, Eli; Zhang Qiang; Wang, J.-C.; Ee, Pui Lai Rachel; Koh, H.L.; Huang Min; Zhou Shufeng

2006-01-01

Diarrhea is a common dose-limiting toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy, in particular for drugs such as irinotecan (CPT-11), 5-fluouracil, oxaliplatin, capecitabine and raltitrexed. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum, SJW) has anti-inflammatory activity, and our preliminary study in the rat and a pilot study in cancer patients found that treatment of SJW alleviated irinotecan-induced diarrhea. In the present study, we investigated whether SJW modulated various pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6), interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and intestinal epithelium apoptosis in rats. The rats were treated with irinotecan at 60 mg/kg for 4 days in combination with oral SJW or SJW-free control vehicle at 400 mg/kg for 8 days. Diarrhea, tissue damage, body weight loss, various cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α and intestinal epithelial apoptosis were monitored over 11 days. Our studies demonstrated that combined SJW markedly reduced CPT-11-induced diarrhea and intestinal lesions. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in intestine. In the mean time, combined SJW significantly suppressed the intestinal epithelial apoptosis induced by CPT-11 over days 5-11. In particular, combination of SJW significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α mRNA in the intestine over days 5-11. In conclusion, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal epithelium apoptosis partly explained the protective effect of SJW against the intestinal toxicities induced by irinotecan. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential for STW as an agent in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to lower their dose-limiting toxicities

Aplicación de la gestión y mejora de procesos a entidades ganaderas

OpenAIRE

Abel González García; Mariela Benítez Noriega; Dianelys Nogueira Rivera; Maradixy Bueno Mendoza; Osmany Perez Barral; Alberto Medina León

2010-01-01

En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento para la Gestión por Proceso y su estudio a empresas ganaderas, demostrando su factibilidad de aplicación e importancia en la búsqueda de la competitividad y la excelencia empresarial. El procedimiento propuesto se basa en los principios de la mejora continua y se ejemplifica para el proceso de la producción de leche.

Scintigraphic visualization of bacterial translocation in experimental strangulated intestinal obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galeev, Yu.M.; Popov, M.V.; Salato, O.V.; Lishmanov, Yu.B.; Grigorev, E.G.; Aparcin, K.A.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to obtain scintigraphic images depicting translocation of 99m Tc-labelled Escherichia coli bacteria through the intestinal barrier and to quantify this process using methods of nuclear medicine. Thirty male Wistar rats (including 20 rats with modelled strangulated intestinal obstruction and 10 healthy rats) were used for bacterial scintigraphy. 99m Tc-labelled E. coli bacteria ( 99m Ts-E. coli) with an activity of 7.4-11.1 MBq were administered into a section of the small intestine. Scintigraphic visualization of bacterial translocation into organs and tissues of laboratory animals was recorded in dynamic (240 min) and static (15 min) modes. The number of labelled bacteria, which migrated through the intestinal barrier, was quantified by calculating the translocation index (TI). Control indicated no translocation of 99m Ts-E. coli administered into the intestine through the parietes of the small intestine's distal part in healthy animals. Animals with strangulated obstruction demonstrated different migration strength and routes of labelled bacteria from strangulated and superior to strangulation sections of the small intestine. 99m Ts-E. coli migrated from the strangulated loop into the peritoneal cavity later causing systemic bacteraemia through peritoneal resorption. The section of the small intestine, which was superior to the strangulation, demonstrated migration of labelled bacteria first into the portal and then into the systemic circulation. The strangulated section of the small intestine was the main source of bacteria dissemination since the number of labelled bacteria, which migrated from this section significantly, exceeded that of the area superior to the strangulation section of the small intestine (p = 0.0003). Bacterial scintigraphy demonstrated the possibility of visualizing migration routes of labelled bacteria and quantifying their translocation through the intestinal barrier. This approach to study bacterial

Intestinal lymphangiectasia mimicking primary peritoneal carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Steines, Jennifer C; Larson, Joshua H; Wilkinson, Neal; Kirby, Patricia; Goodheart, Michael J

2010-10-01

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is an obstruction of the lymphatic system. We report on a patient with mesenteric adenopathy and an elevated CA125 level, which were suspicious for peritoneal carcinoma. Further evaluation and bowel resection identified intestinal lymphangiectasia. This disease should be considered in patients with mesenteric adenopathy and a small bowel mass. Copyright © 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Energy analysis of the production process of sugar using modern technologies of process integration; Analisis energetico del proceso de produccion del azucar utilizando tecnicas modernas de integracion de proceso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figueroa Ibarra, Luis; Arriola Medellin, Alejandro [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

1999-07-01

The application of new concepts for the energy analysis of industrial processes, which consider the thermal integration of the process equipment, not only allows to detect energy recovery potentials that cannot be visualized with the traditional treatment of energy diagnosis of individual equipment, allows in addition, to suggest changes in the operation of the process that, without modifying the production, result in the reduction of the consumption of energy by the services and fuel. The analysis of thermal integration is illustrated for the case of a sugar mill, detecting a reduction potential in the use of fuel oil of 75%, and a potential increase of electrical production by cogeneration of 41%, departing from the modification of the use of the steam available in the process, and of the change of operation parameters of operation in the evaporation section. [Spanish] La aplicacion de nuevos conceptos para el analisis energetico de procesos industriales, los cuales consideran la integracion termica de los equipos del proceso, no unicamente permiten detectar potenciales de recuperacion de energia que no se pueden visualizar con el tratamiento tradicional de diagnostico energetico de equipos individuales, permiten ademas, sugerir cambios en la operacion del proceso que, sin modificar la produccion, redundan en una reduccion del consumo de servicios y combustible. El analisis de la integracion termica se ilustra para el caso de un ingenio azucarero, detectandose un potencial de reduccion del uso de combustoleo de 75%, y un potencial de incremento de produccion electrica por cogeneracion de 41%, a partir de la modificacion del uso del vapor disponible en el proceso, y del cambio de parametros de operacion en la seccion de evaporacion.

El proceso extensionista en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río

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José Ángel Véliz

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la universidad debe asumir actitud de cambio y transformación social, a partir de una formación cada vez más integral y una consecuente conciencia ética. El proceso extensionista, por su esencia y objetivo, le corresponde el papel protagónico para enfrentar desde las universidades una nueva etapa de desarrollo y ampliación del acceso a la cultura integral. Objetivo: valorar la situación actual de la gestión del proceso extensionista en la nueva universidad médica pinareña. Material y método: investigación pedagógica basada en el método materialista dialéctico donde se realizaron análisis de diferentes fuentes documentales, encuestas a profesores, consulta de actas del consejo de dirección ampliado, entrevistas a estudiantes y miembros del departamento de extensión y además observaciones realizadas al proceso extensionista. Resultados: se puso de manifiesto un conjunto de tendencias y regularidades en la gestión del proceso extensionista en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, evidenciándose contradicciones entre la dimensión administrativa y tecnológica, así como la necesidad de fundamentar un modelo de gestión de la extensión universitaria como proceso y de proponer y evaluar una metodología para la introducción de dicho modelo de gestión de la extensión universitaria en la nueva Universidad Médica de Pinar del Río. Conclusiones: no se asume la extensión universitaria como un proceso formativo líder en la proyección, promoción y socialización de la cultura salubrista hacia todo el sistema de salud y la comunidad intra y extra universitaria en general.

Modelado y Simulación del Proceso de Producción del Azúcar

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A. Merino

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este artículo se muestra una metodología para el desarrollo de librerías de modelos matemáticos dinámicos para la industria azucarera. Las especificaciones y requisitos de esta librería hacen necesaria la utilización del paradigma de modelado Modelado Orientado a Objetos Basado en Ecuaciones. Utilizando una herramienta que utiliza este paradigma se han desarrollado una serie de librerías de modelos, que contienen los elementos necesarios para la construcción del modelo conjunto de una fábrica azucarera completa. En este artículo se muestran los detalles constructivos más interesantes de algunas de éstas librerías, así como algunos de los problemas que se han abordado durante su desarrollo. Mediante la aplicación de los mecanismos de agregación que posee la herramienta de modelado utilizada, es posible la construcción del modelo de fábricas azucareras completas en base a la conexión de las distintas unidades de proceso que la componen. Las principales aportaciones de la librería desarrollada, respecto a otras herramientas y librerías existentes en la actualidad en el mercado, son el hecho de utilizar modelos dinámicos detallados de proceso y el que estos modelos incluyan anomalías y malfunciones. Esto ofrece una gran versatilidad en la utilización de la librería en aplicaciones como el diseño de controladores, los simuladores de entrenamiento o la utilización de los modelos como fuente de datos en herramientas de optimización en línea de procesos. Palabras clave: Modelado de Procesos Continuos, Simulación de procesos, Industria Azucarera

Alcances y desafíos del proceso de hermanamiento “Sister Cities" desarrollado por la ciudad de Santa Marta en el marco de su proceso de internacionalización: 1978- 2013.

OpenAIRE

Figueroa, Michelle

2014-01-01

La evolución de los enfoques de la cooperación internacional y de los procesos de internacionalización de las ciudades han contribuido activamente al desarrollo territorial. Los hermanamientos como una herramienta clave para el intercambio social, político, económico, técnico y académico entre ciudades, se han convertido en uno de los métodos más utilizados para el accionar internacional. Bajo ese contexto, se analizará la influencia del proceso de internacionalización de Santa Marta en la im...

Productividad y eficiencia energética en el proceso de molienda del mineral laterítico

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Olga Angulo-Leblanch

2000-03-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo se realiza un análisis energético del proceso de molienda seca del mineral laterítico, considerado como el proceso de mayor consumo de energía eléctrica entre los procesos beneficiadores que se emplean en las plantas niquelíferas, ubicadas al norte de la provincia de Holguín. Son analizadas las particularidades energéticas que exhibe este proceso cuando las máquinas trabajan normalmente con la presencia de mineral y cuando se producen ausencias ocasionales de éste en el sistema, lo que trae como consecuencia el incremento notable de las potencias demandadas por los molinos y por los ventiladores de recirculación . Se analiza además, la influencia del grado de llenado con bolas del molino, sobre la productividad y la estrecha relación de esta última con la eficiencia energética del proceso. El método fundamental de análisis empleado, se basa en la obtención experimental y en las condiciones concretas de explotación, de las características energéticas de las unidades de molienda y de sus agregados, como vía directa para descubrir las reservas de energía del sistema y conocer hasta qué punto es posible mejorar su eficiencia influyendo sobre la productividad. El trabajo revela que, cuando las unidades de molienda son operadas con valores de productividades que oscilan entre un 50 y un 60% de la nominal, si son adoptadas las medidas pertinentes para lograr el aumento de la productividad, entonces esto puede reportar hasta un 55% de mejoramiento de la eficiencia energética del proceso.

Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Feline Intestinal Lymphosarcomas in Egypt

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Fayez Awadalla Salib

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Feline intestinal lymphosarcomas are mostly caused by Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV. Unfortunately, there is no available vaccine for FeLV in Egypt. The diagnosis of feline intestinal lymphosarcomas depends upon abdominal palpation, x-rays examination, ultrasonography, direct ELISA and histopathology of masses excised during laparotomy. The recorded clinical signs in intestinal lymphosarcoma affected cats were variable including vomiting, fever, anorexia, ascites, anemia, dyspnea, constipation and emaciation. The affected lymph nodes were mesenteric, mediastinal and retropharyngeal. The prevalence of intestinal lymphosarcomas in the examined cats was 4.03 % (11 out of 273 cats. The prevalence was higher in queens than toms (2.93 % and 0.73 % respectively. The Siamese cats had higher prevalence than the Sherazy ones (2.56 % and 1.47 % respectively. X-ray films and ultrasonographic images performed on the eleven cats suffered from intestinal lymphosarcomas revealed ascities and abdominal masses. The comparison of ELISA and histopathology (of excised masses results showed that 9 out of 11 intestinal lymphosarcoma affected cats were infected with FeLV that proved not all cases of intestinal lymphosarcoma were caused by FeLV. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ELISA to diagnose intestinal lymphosarcoma in cats were 81.81 %, 100 % and 92 % respectively. Gross autopsy of the collected lymph nodes, livers, kidneys revealed that gross lymphadenopathy involving one or more nodes, hepatomegaly and kidney enlargement. Microscopically, the examined tissues specimens showed that the normal architecture of the examined lymph nodes, livers, and kidneys has been replaced by a diffuse infiltrate of both lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. The vast majority of the cells are small lymphocyte-type cells with round basophilic nuclei and a sparse rim of cytoplasm. The eleven intestinal lymphosarcoma affected cats exposed to abdominal exploratory surgery (laparotomy

Teoría de la Decisión: Proceso de interacciones u organizaciones como sistemas de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Vidal,Josep

2012-01-01

Se expone un debate teórico sobre la aportación sociológica referente a las decisiones en las organizaciones. Sobresalen dos teorías de las decisiones. La primera, basada en el proceso de decisión a partir una teoría crítica de la multirracionalidad lineal elaborado por Lucien Sfez, al plantear que con la decisión se trata de un proceso de interacciones, al ser considerada como un proceso institucional fundamentado en la libertad del sujeto. La segunda fundamentada en la teoría de sistemas au...

Promoción electroquímica de catalizadores de pt en procesos de interés Medioambiental

OpenAIRE

Lucas Consuegra, Antonio de

2012-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene por titulo promoción electroquímica de catalizadores de pt en procesos de interés medioambiental y tiene como objetivo la aplicación del efecto nemca o fenómeno de promoción electroquímica de la catálisis a la mejora de procesos tecnológicos de interés medioambiental que permitan la eliminación de contaminantes atmosféricos procedentes de procesos de combustión: nox, hidrocarburos no quemados y co. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado como el efecto nemca es un...

Free Total Rhubarb Anthraquinones Protect Intestinal Injury via Regulation of the Intestinal Immune Response in a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

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Yuxia Xiong

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Intestinal mucosal immune barrier dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP. Rhubarb is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine as a laxative in China. It markedly protects pancreatic acinar cells from trypsin-induced injury in rats. Free total rhubarb anthraquinones (FTRAs isolated and extracted from rhubarb display the beneficial effects of antibacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, and anticancer. The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FTRAs on the protection of intestinal injury and modification of the intestinal barrier function through regulation of intestinal immune function in rats with SAP. We established a rat model of SAP by injecting 3.5% sodium taurocholate (STC, 350 mg/kg into the biliopancreatic duct via retrograde injection and treated the rats with FTRAs (36 or 72 mg/kg or normal saline (control immediately and 12 h after STC injection. Then, we evaluated the protective effect of FTRAs on intestinal injury by pathological analysis and determined the levels of endotoxin (ET, interleukin 1β (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO, capillary permeability, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain (ASC, casepase-1, secretary immunoglobulin A (SIgA, regulatory T cells (Tregs, and the ratio of Th1/Th2 in the blood and/or small intestinal tissues or mesenteric lymph node (MLN cells. Moreover, the chemical profile of FTRAs was analyzed by HPLC-UV chromatogram. The results showed that FTRAs significantly protected intestinal damage and decreased the levels of ET, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO in the blood and TNF-α, IL-1β, and protein extravasation in the intestinal tissues in SAP rats. Furthermore, FTRAs significantly decreased the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, the number of Tregs and the ratio of Th1/Th2, while

Modelo Pre-Proceso de predicción de la Calidad Superficial en Fresado a Alta Velocidad basado en Softcomputing

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Víctor M. Flores

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La calidad superficial es uno de los aspectos más cuidados en la fabricación de piezas. Esta calidad se estima frecuentemente en función a la rugosidad superficial. Trabajos que incorporan técnicas de softcomputing al estudio de la rugosidad superficial en-proceso o pos-proceso son relativamente frecuentes en la literatura. Sin embargo, son casi inexistentes los dedicados al estudio de la rugosidad superficial en pre-proceso, pese a que esto puede ayudar a reducir costes asociados al aseguramiento de la calidad superficial en la producción industrial. En este trabajo se presenta una técnica softcomputing para generar un modelo pre-proceso predictivo de la rugosidad superficial basado en experimentación con características diversas del proceso de fresado a alta velocidad. El modelo de predicción es un clasificador Bayesiano, validado con el método k-fold cross-validation y varios valores de mérito, lo que ha permitido verificar la calidad del modelo predictivo respecto a otros modelos basados en técnicas similares. Palabras clave: Mecanizado a alta velocidad, proceso de fresado a alta velocidad, softcomputing, redes Bayesianas, modelos predictivos

Redistribution of intestinal microcirculatory oxygenation during acute hemodilution in pigs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schwarte, Lothar A.; Fournell, Artur; van Bommel, Jasper; Ince, Can

2005-01-01

Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) compromizes intestinal microcirculatory oxygenation; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that contributors herein include redistribution of oxygen away from the intestines and shunting of oxygen within the intestines.

Is nonoperative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Nonoperative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction gives good results in adults but there are scant studies on its outcome in children. This study reports outcomes and experiences with nonoperative and operative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children in a resource-poor country.

Congruent Strain Specific Intestinal Persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum in an Intestine-Mimicking In Vitro System and in Human Volunteers.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bokhorst-van de Veen, H. van; Swam, I. van; Wels, M.W.; Bron, P.A.; Kleerebezem, M

2012-01-01

BACKGROUND: An important trait of probiotics is their capability to reach their intestinal target sites alive to optimally exert their beneficial effects. Assessment of this trait in intestine-mimicking in vitro model systems has revealed differential survival of individual strains of a species.

Congruent Strain Specific Intestinal Persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum in an Intestine-Mimicking In Vitro System and in Human Volunteers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bokhorst-van de Veen, van H.; Swam, van I.; Wels, M.; Bron, P.A.; Kleerebezem, M.

2012-01-01

BACKGROUND: An important trait of probiotics is their capability to reach their intestinal target sites alive to optimally exert their beneficial effects. Assessment of this trait in intestine-mimicking in vitro model systems has revealed differential survival of individual strains of a species.

[Interaction of effective ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines with intestinal microbiota].

Science.gov (United States)

Zu, Xian-Peng; Lin, Zhang; Xie, Hai-Sheng; Yang, Niao; Liu, Xin-Ru; Zhang, Wei-Dong

2016-05-01

A large number and wide varieties of microorganisms colonize in the human gastrointestinal tract. They construct an intestinal microecological system in the intestinal environment. The intestinal symbiotic flora regulates a series of life actions, including digestion and absorption of nutrient, immune response, biological antagonism, and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Therefore, it is greatly essential for the host's health status to maintain the equilibrium of intestinal microecological environment. After effective compositions of traditional Chinese medicines are metabolized or biotransformed by human intestinal bacteria, their metabolites can be absorbed more easily, and can even decrease or increase toxicity and then exhibit significant different biological effects. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicines can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora and protect the function of intestinal mucosal barrier to restore the homeostasis of intestinal microecology. The relevant literatures in recent 15 years about the interactive relationship between traditional Chinese medicines and gut microbiota have been collected in this review, in order to study the classification of gut microflora, the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and diseases, the important roles of gut microflora in intestinal bacterial metabolism in effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and bioactivities, as well as the modulation effects of Chinese medicine on intestinal dysbacteriosis. In addition, it also makes a future prospect for the research strategies to study the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicines based on multi-omics techniques. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Intestinal obstruction in germ-free dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Heneghan, J B; Robinson, J W; Menge, H; Winistörfer, B

1981-08-01

Mechanical occlusions were created in the intestines of four germ-free dogs. At the time of the operation, a control loop of mid-intestine was perfused in vivo and then excised for examinations in vitro, which included the determination of the equilibrium uptake of phenylalanine and of beta-methyl-glucoside, the influx kinetics of phenylalanine and morphometric analysis of the mucosa by microdissection and stereological techniques. Seven days after establishment of the occlusion the abdomen was reopened, and loops above and below the occlusion were perfused, and then excised for the same tests in vitro. Unlike occluded loops of conventional dogs, the intestine of the germ-free animal above the occlusion does not secrete water and electrolytes into the lumen. Its transport properties in vitro do not differ from those of the control loop, and the morphometric analyses reveal only slight changes in villus structure. The loop below the obstruction undergoes marked atrophy, as has been observed in conventional dogs. The results suggest that the copious secretion that occurs above an intestinal obstruction in normal animals is due to the presence of an abundant bacterial population in the obstruction fluid.

Chronic primary intestinal pseudo-obstruction from visceral myopathy Pseudo-osbtrucción intestinal crónica primaria debida a miopatía visceral

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M. T. Muñoz-Yagüe

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is an uncommon syndrome characterized by relapsing episodes suggesting intestinal obstruction during which no mechanical causes are identified to account for symptoms. Etiologic factors may be manifold. Among them a number of neurologic conditions, gastrointestinal smooth muscle myopathies, endocrino-metabolic and autoimmune diseases, and the use of selected drugs stand out. We report a case of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction originating in a sporadic, primary intestinal myopathy that corresponds to no type thus far described. A histological study of the intestinal wall showed disrupted muscle bundles and the presence of interstitial edema. Myocytes had severe degenerative changes, and no alterations were seen in submucosal and myenteric plexus neurons. The activity of enzyme complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and of thymidine phosphorylase was normal. No mitochondrial DNA changes were seen.La pseudo-obstrucción intestinal crónica es un síndrome infrecuente caracterizado por episodios recidivantes, sugestivos de obstrucción intestinal, durante los cuales no se detectan causas mecánicas que justifiquen la sintomatología. Los factores etiológicos pueden ser múltiples. Entre ellos destacan diversas enfermedades neurológicas, miopatías de la musculatura lisa gastrointestinal, enfermedades endocrino-metabólicas y autoinmunes y el uso de determinados fármacos. Presentamos un caso de pseudo-obstrucción intestinal crónica originada por una miopatía intestinal primaria y esporádica que no corresponde a ningún tipo descrito hasta el momento. El estudio histológico de la pared intestinal mostró que los haces musculares estaban desestructurados y que existía edema intersticial. Los miocitos presentaban marcados cambios degenerativos y no existían alteraciones en las neuronas de los plexos submucoso y mientérico. La actividad de los complejos enzimáticos de la cadena

ESPEN guidelines on chronic intestinal failure in adults

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pironi, Loris; Arends, Jann; Bozzetti, Federico

2016-01-01

: The following topics were addressed: management of HPN; parenteral nutrition formulation; intestinal rehabilitation, medical therapies, and non-transplant surgery, for short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and radiation enteritis; intestinal transplantation; prevention/treatment of CVC-related...... organ failure. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is the primary treatment for CIF. No guidelines (GLs) have been developed that address the global management of CIF. These GLs have been devised to generate comprehensive recommendations for safe and effective management of adult patients with CIF. METHODS......: The GLs were developed by the Home Artificial Nutrition & Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Group of ESPEN. The GRADE system was used for assigning strength of evidence. Recommendations were discussed, submitted to Delphi rounds, and accepted in an online survey of ESPEN members. RESULTS...

Stem cell self-renewal in intestinal crypt

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Simons, B.D.; Clevers, H.

2011-01-01

As a rapidly cycling tissue capable of fast repair and regeneration, the intestinal epithelium has emerged as a favored model system to explore the principles of adult stem cell biology. However, until recently, the identity and characteristics of the stem cell population in both the small intestine

Encountering Meckel's diverticulum in emergency surgery for ascaridial intestinal obstruction

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Amin Abid

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. In children with intestinal ascariasis, the diverticulum remains asymptomatic or rarely the Ascaris lumbricoides may lead to its complications in the presence of massive intestinal roundworm load. Given that preoperative diagnosis is seldom carried out, when Meckel's diverticulum is found at laparotomy for obstructive intestinal complications of roundworm, the diverticulum should be removed as complications may occur at any time. The aim of this study was to describe the findings of concomitant presence of Meckel's diverticulum who had surgical intervention in symptomatic intestinal ascariasis in children. Methods A retrospective case review study of 14 children who had surgical intervention for symptomatic intestinal ascariasis having the presence of concomitant Meckel's diverticulum was done. The study was done at SMHS Hospital Srinagar, Kashmir. Results A total of the 14 children who had ascaridial intestinal obstruction with concomitant presence of Meckel's diverticulum were studied. Age of children ranged from 4-12 years, male:female ratio was 1.8:1. Nine patients had asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum, whereas 5 patients with symptomatic signs were found in the course of emergency surgery for ascaridial intestinal obstruction. Conclusion Meckel's diverticulum in intestinal ascariasis may pursue silent course or may be accompanied with complications of the diverticulitis, perforation or the gangrene. Incidental finding of the Meckel's diverticulum in the intestinal ascariasis should have removal.

Drug absorption from the irradiated rat small intestine in situ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venho, V.M.K.

1976-01-01

The absorption of acidic drugs phenobarbitone and sulphafurazole, basic drugs mecamylamine and quinidine, and a neutral drug isoniazid was studied in situ. Rats were irradiated 750 rad whole-body with 60 Co and the absorption experiment was done three and six days thereafter using the cannulated small intestine of urethane-anaesthetized rats. Drug disappearance from the intestinal lumen and drug levels in the whole blood and intestinal wall were measured. In control rats phenobarbitone showed the most rapid absorption and mecamylamine the slowest. Irradiation retarded the disappearance of all drugs from the intestinal lumen on the third postirradiation day. Fluid absorption was also diminished. On the sixth postirradiation day the absorption of phenobarbitone, sulphafurazole and mecamylamine had returned to the control level, but the absorption of quinidine and isoniazid was still retarded. After i.v. administration of drugs they were not significantly excreted into the intestinal contents and irradiation did not modify excretion. The distribution of drugs between the intestinal fluid and the intestinal wall was complete in the first 10 min of experiment. Mecamylamine and quinidine were lowered in the whole blood by irradiation. Blood levels of drugs did not correlate well to the rate of disappearance of drugs from the intestinal lumen. The reversible changes in absorption induced by irradiation are probably secondary effects of irradiation on intestinal morphology, permeability and transport capacity, composition, and possibly blood flow. (orig.) [de

Factoring the intestinal microbiome into the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Czaja, Albert J

2016-11-14

The intestinal microbiome is a reservoir of microbial antigens and activated immune cells. The aims of this review were to describe the role of the intestinal microbiome in generating innate and adaptive immune responses, indicate how these responses contribute to the development of systemic immune-mediated diseases, and encourage investigations that improve the understanding and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microflora (dysbiosis) can disrupt intestinal and systemic immune tolerances for commensal bacteria. Toll-like receptors within the intestine can recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns and shape subsets of T helper lymphocytes that may cross-react with host antigens (molecular mimicry). Activated gut-derived lymphocytes can migrate to lymph nodes, and gut-derived microbial antigens can translocate to extra-intestinal sites. Inflammasomes can form within hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, and they can drive the pro-inflammatory, immune-mediated, and fibrotic responses. Diet, designer probiotics, vitamin supplements, re-colonization methods, antibiotics, drugs that decrease intestinal permeability, and molecular interventions that block signaling pathways may emerge as adjunctive regimens that complement conventional immunosuppressive management. In conclusion, investigations of the intestinal microbiome are warranted in autoimmune hepatitis and promise to clarify pathogenic mechanisms and suggest alternative management strategies.

Diabetes mellitus and impairment of intestinal barier function

OpenAIRE

Hoffmanová, Iva

2015-01-01

Introduction: Impairment of intestinal barrier function is involved in pathogenesis of immune mediated diseases (such as type 1 diabetes mellitus or celiac disease) and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus). Aims of study: The first aim was to analyze impairment of mucosal part of intestinal barrier in both type of diabetes and to describe differences when compared to celiac disease, which is a typical condition associated with impairment of intestinal barrier function. The se...

Typhoid Intestinal Perforation: 24 Perforations in One Patient

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Intestinal perforation is a common cause of peritonitis necessitating emergency surgical intervention. Perforation ... Mortality rates of typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) cases are ... may be obscured clinical features with resultant delays in.

La audiencia de conciliación en el proceso arbitral

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Carlos Ernesto Quiñones Gómez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Dentro de las disposiciones legales especiales y aplicables al juicio arbitral en Colombia se encuentran algunas que refieren a la necesidad de llevar a cabo dentro del trámite respectivo una audiencia de conciliación. La naturaleza de dicha diligencia, al interior del proceso arbitral, es discutida en la doctrina, así como lo es la procedencia de una serie de actuaciones que en virtud de disposiciones generales también aplicables podrían ejecutarse. A través de este ensayo se pretende precisar la naturaleza de la audiencia de conciliación, establecida por la Ley como una etapa dentro del proceso arbitral, la oportunidad para llevar a cabo la misma, así como el tipo de actos procesales que podrían llevar promover las partes e incluso los árbitros una vez se cite y realice la misma.

Monozygotic twins with discordant intestinal rotation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, Vance L.; Nwomeh, Benedict C.; Long, Frederick

2006-01-01

Previous case reports have suggested a strong concordance of intestinal malrotation among identical twins. This has led to the recommendation that the asymptomatic twin undergo screening when malrotation is discovered in the identical sibling. We present a case of monozygotic twins in which one twin presented with intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus while the other twin was found to have normal gastrointestinal anatomy. (orig.)

Monozygotic twins with discordant intestinal rotation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, Vance L.; Nwomeh, Benedict C. [Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Columbus Children' s Hospital, Columbus, OH (United States); Long, Frederick [Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Radiology, Columbus Children' s Hospital, Columbus, OH (United States)

2006-04-15

Previous case reports have suggested a strong concordance of intestinal malrotation among identical twins. This has led to the recommendation that the asymptomatic twin undergo screening when malrotation is discovered in the identical sibling. We present a case of monozygotic twins in which one twin presented with intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus while the other twin was found to have normal gastrointestinal anatomy. (orig.)

Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: The Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Components

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Laween Meran

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The intestinal epithelium comprises a monolayer of polarised columnar cells organised along the crypt-villus axis. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of crypts and are constantly nourished by their surrounding niche for maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation. The cellular microenvironment including the adjacent Paneth cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, and neural cells as well as the extracellular matrix together constitute the intestinal stem cell niche. A dynamic regulatory network exists among the epithelium, stromal cells, and the matrix via complex signal transduction to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these biological or mechanical signals could potentially lead to intestinal injury and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of different intestinal stem cell niche components and dissect the interaction between dynamic matrix factors and regulatory signalling during intestinal stem cell homeostasis.

Volvulus as a complication of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome

NARCIS (Netherlands)

C.T. de Betue (Carlijn); D. Boersma (Doeke); M.W. Oomen (Matthijs W.); M.A. Benninga (Marc); J.R. de Jong (Justin)

2011-01-01

textabstractChronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome (CIPS) is a severe motility disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that presents with continuous or recurrent symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction without evidence of a structural lesion occluding the intestinal lumen. Mechanical

Volvulus as a complication of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Betue, Carlijn T.; Boersma, Doeke; Oomen, Matthijs W.; Benninga, Marc A.; de Jong, Justin R.

2011-01-01

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome (CIPS) is a severe motility disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that presents with continuous or recurrent symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction without evidence of a structural lesion occluding the intestinal lumen. Mechanical obstruction

Controlling the frontier: regulatory T-cells and intestinal homeostasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bollrath, Julia; Powrie, Fiona M

2013-11-30

The intestine represents one of the most challenging sites for the immune system as immune cells must be able to mount an efficient response to invading pathogens while tolerating the large number and diverse array of resident commensal bacteria. Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a non-redundant role at maintaining this balance. At the same time Treg cell differentiation and function can be modulated by the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we will discuss effector mechanisms of Treg cells in the intestine and how these cells can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intestine-Specific Mttp Deletion Decreases Mortality and Prevents Sepsis-Induced Intestinal Injury in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia

Science.gov (United States)

Dominguez, Jessica A.; Xie, Yan; Dunne, W. Michael; Yoseph, Benyam P.; Burd, Eileen M.; Coopersmith, Craig M.; Davidson, Nicholas O.

2012-01-01

Background The small intestine plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and has been referred to as the “motor” of the systemic inflammatory response. One proposed mechanism is that toxic gut-derived lipid factors, transported in mesenteric lymph, induce systemic injury and distant organ failure. However, the pathways involved are yet to be defined and the role of intestinal chylomicron assembly and secretion in transporting these lipid factors is unknown. Here we studied the outcome of sepsis in mice with conditional, intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-IKO), which exhibit a block in chylomicron assembly together with lipid malabsorption. Methodology/Principal Findings Mttp-IKO mice and controls underwent intratracheal injection with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or sterile saline. Mttp-IKO mice exhibited decreased seven-day mortality, with 0/20 (0%) dying compared to 5/17 (29%) control mice (p<0.05). This survival advantage in Mttp-IKO mice, however, was not associated with improvements in pulmonary bacterial clearance or neutrophil infiltration. Rather, Mttp-IKO mice exhibited protection against sepsis-associated decreases in villus length and intestinal proliferation and were also protected against increased intestinal apoptosis, both central features in control septic mice. Serum IL-6 levels, a major predictor of mortality in human and mouse models of sepsis, were elevated 8-fold in septic control mice but remained unaltered in septic Mttp-IKO mice. Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were reduced in septic control mice but were increased in septic Mttp-IKO mice. The decreased levels of HDL were associated with decreased hepatic expression of apolipoprotein A1 in septic control mice. Conclusions/Significance These studies suggest that strategies directed at blocking intestinal chylomicron secretion may attenuate the progression and improve the outcome of sepsis through effects mediated by

Intestine-specific Mttp deletion decreases mortality and prevents sepsis-induced intestinal injury in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.

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Jessica A Dominguez

Full Text Available The small intestine plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and has been referred to as the "motor" of the systemic inflammatory response. One proposed mechanism is that toxic gut-derived lipid factors, transported in mesenteric lymph, induce systemic injury and distant organ failure. However, the pathways involved are yet to be defined and the role of intestinal chylomicron assembly and secretion in transporting these lipid factors is unknown. Here we studied the outcome of sepsis in mice with conditional, intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-IKO, which exhibit a block in chylomicron assembly together with lipid malabsorption.Mttp-IKO mice and controls underwent intratracheal injection with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or sterile saline. Mttp-IKO mice exhibited decreased seven-day mortality, with 0/20 (0% dying compared to 5/17 (29% control mice (p<0.05. This survival advantage in Mttp-IKO mice, however, was not associated with improvements in pulmonary bacterial clearance or neutrophil infiltration. Rather, Mttp-IKO mice exhibited protection against sepsis-associated decreases in villus length and intestinal proliferation and were also protected against increased intestinal apoptosis, both central features in control septic mice. Serum IL-6 levels, a major predictor of mortality in human and mouse models of sepsis, were elevated 8-fold in septic control mice but remained unaltered in septic Mttp-IKO mice. Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL levels were reduced in septic control mice but were increased in septic Mttp-IKO mice. The decreased levels of HDL were associated with decreased hepatic expression of apolipoprotein A1 in septic control mice.These studies suggest that strategies directed at blocking intestinal chylomicron secretion may attenuate the progression and improve the outcome of sepsis through effects mediated by metabolic and physiological adaptations in both intestinal and

Incremento de productividad en la producción de fibras acrílicas mediante la mejora de procesos.

OpenAIRE

Zabarburu Chuquizuta, Segundo Jose; Zabarburu Chuquizuta, Segundo Jose; Zabarburu Chuquizuta, Segundo Jose

2012-01-01

Vivimos en la época de la globalización, en donde no existen fronteras económicas, con mercados altamente competitivos, los cuales obligan a las empresas a realizar innovaciones tecnológicas, mejorar sus procesos, reducir sus costos y mejorar su calidad para lograr precisamente ser más competitivos. En este sentido la empresa Sudamericana de Fibras S.A. busca optimizar sus procesos y el uso de sus recursos. El siguiente trabajo de tesis está basado en la modificación de procesos que tra...

Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bevins, Charles L; Salzman, Nita H

2011-05-01

Building and maintaining a homeostatic relationship between a host and its colonizing microbiota entails ongoing complex interactions between the host and the microorganisms. The mucosal immune system, including epithelial cells, plays an essential part in negotiating this equilibrium. Paneth cells (specialized cells in the epithelium of the small intestine) are an important source of antimicrobial peptides in the intestine. These cells have become the focus of investigations that explore the mechanisms of host-microorganism homeostasis in the small intestine and its collapse in the processes of infection and chronic inflammation. In this Review, we provide an overview of the intestinal microbiota and describe the cell biology of Paneth cells, emphasizing the composition of their secretions and the roles of these cells in intestinal host defence and homeostasis. We also highlight the implications of Paneth cell dysfunction in susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Potential Role of Probiotics in Mechanism of Intestinal Immunity

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Imran Rashid Rajput and Wei Fen Li*