Education--An Annotated Bibliography of Current Issues, July-September, 1989.

Science.gov (United States)

Wardell, David

This annotated bibliography of newspaper and magazine articles on a wide variety of topics in education includes entries from the following publications: "Asahi Evening News,""Asian Wall Street Journal,""Daily Yomiuri,""International Herald Tribune,""Japan Times,""Mainichi Daily…

32 CFR 507.14 - Controlled heraldic items.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... HERALDIC DESIGNS AND HERALDIC QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM Heraldic Quality Control Program § 507.14 Controlled..., U.S. Army. (d) U.S. Air Force organizational emblems for other than major commands. (e) Hand...

Cooperation challenges for the Special Tribunal for Lebanon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Swart, B.

2007-01-01

While the Agreement between the United Nations and Lebanon provides a solid framework for cooperation between the Special Tribunal and Lebanon, Security Council Resolution 1757 (2007) is silent on the duty of third states to assist the Tribunal. As a result, the Special Tribunal will be confronted

The heritage of the Nuremberg tribunal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jovašević Dragan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available As a system of legal rules contained in the documents of the international community and in the national (internal criminal legislation, the International Criminal Law envisages the criminal liability and punishment for a vast number of international crimes. These criminal acts imply a violation of laws of war and customs of warfare (the International Humanitarian Law as well as the acts of disturbing or endangering peace among nations and the security of mankind. The contemporary International Criminal Law envisages the most severe forms of punishment and penal measures for these criminal offences. The perpetrators of these crimes are, in certain cases, subject to the primary jurisdiction of one of international criminal court (supranational authorities, such as the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. In this paper, the author analyzes the importance of the Nuremberg court for the development of international criminal law, including the notion and characteristics of international crimes and the principles of criminal liability.

The development and effectiveness of international administrative law on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

International administrative law, or more precisely the law of the international civil service, has been the focus of increased attention in recent years. A part of the discussion has focused on the design of the justice mechanisms of international organizations, exemplified by the overhaul of the internal justice system of the United Nations in 2009. The internal justice systems of some international organizations have been subjected to scrutiny before some national courts, and the role and contribution of international administrative tribunals to the development of the law continue to be an important part of discussions of good governance and accountability of international organizations. The essays in this book, written by judges, practitioners, academics and other experts, address these and other issues.

The Sleep of the Saved and Thankful

Science.gov (United States)

2009-03-16

the media working with the BSC, including Henry Luce, publisher of Time, Life and Fortune magazines; Walter Lippmann, columnist for the Herald Tribune...Walter Winchell, whose syndicated gossip column was read by over 50 million people in more than 2,000 papers worldwide; Arthur H. Sulzberger...York Herald Tribune, the New York Post, and the Baltimore Sun, – the places where the BSC had the most success in finding sympathetic columnists and

Indigenous Storytelling and Participatory Action Research: Allies Toward Decolonization? Reflections From the Peoples' International Health Tribunal.

Science.gov (United States)

Caxaj, C Susana

2015-01-01

Storytelling, in its various forms, has often been described as a practice with great emancipatory potential. In turn, Indigenous knowledge shows great promise in guiding a participatory action research (PAR) methodology. Yet these two approaches are rarely discussed in relation to one another, nor, has much been written in terms of how these two approaches may work synergistically toward a decolonizing research approach. In this article, I report on a community-driven knowledge translation activity, the Peoples' International Health Tribunal, as an exemplar of how narrative and PAR approaches, guided by local Indigenous knowledge, have great potential to build methodologically and ethically robust research processes. Implications for building globally relevant research alliances and scholarship are further discussed, particularly in relation to working with Indigenous communities.

Mental incapacity defenses at the War Crimes Tribunal: questions and controversy.

Science.gov (United States)

Sparr, Landy F

2005-01-01

Following a report from the Secretary General in May 1993, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 827 and its Statute establishing an International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) located in The Hague, The Netherlands. Although such action has been discussed in the past, this is the first time the international community has established a tribunal to indict and try individuals for war crimes. The crimes had been previously "created" by multilateral international treaties. The ICTY Rules of Procedure and Evidence allowed for "any special defense, including that of diminished or lack of mental responsibility." Precise legal parameters of the defense were not specified. In 1998, a defendant at the ICTY "Celebici" Trial named Esad Landzo raised the defense of diminished mental responsibility. The Celebici Trial Chamber thus became the first legal body to consider reduced mental capacity as it applies to international criminal law. This article is an examination of the application of the affirmative defense of diminished responsibility at the ICTY and relates the process to the need for further definition of mental incapacity defenses at the newly established International Criminal Court (ICC). At the ICC preparatory commission, drafting material elements of crimes was emphasized, with less consideration given to mental elements. That diminished capacity and diminished-responsibility defenses have often confused scholars and practitioners alike is explored in this article with suggestions for further directions.

Decolonizing the Archives: The Work of New Zealand's Waitangi Tribunal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rachel Buchanan

2007-08-01

Full Text Available If history is to be decolonized, then the archives it is made from must be too. This article uses the work of the Waitangi Tribunal in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore how this might be possible. The tribunal is a permanent commission of inquiry that investigates contemporary and historical breaches of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. Tribunal hearings are rich sites of public history-making. A hearing involves the research and production of ‘traditional’ and ‘historical’ tribal narratives as well as the performance of dozens of individual testimonies from Maori. By collecting and archiving the family and tribal histories that Maori claimants have chosen to speak, write or sing before it, the tribunal has made the private public. In the process, the colonial archive has been expanded, democratised and decolonised. This article argues that while the work of the tribunal is necessarily constrained by its brief to investigate post-contact grievances, the voluminous and precious archive generated by inquiries and by the settlement process that sometimes follows, provide the seeds for other more satisfying and challenging stories about New Zealand’s past and present. It reads the archives generated by the Taranaki inquiry to demonstrate how a significant feature of claimant testimony is the challenge it poses to conceptions of time that are central to academic history-making. The subaltern histories shared at tribunal hearings collapse the distinctions between past and present, placing ‘historical actors’ and ‘historical events’ on the same stage as present ones. Tribunal archives, then, are a new and overlooked collection of documentary evidence that refuses to locate colonisation in the past. The tribunal archives challenge historians to rethink ‘history’ and ‘the colonial archive’. If colonisation is something that is not over yet then the colonial archive is still being created (by bodies like the tribunal. It is a collection

A heralded two-qutrit entangled state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joo, Jaewoo; Sanders, Barry C; Rudolph, Terry

2009-01-01

We propose a scheme for building a heralded two-qutrit entangled state from polarized photons. An optical circuit is presented to build the maximally entangled two-qutrit state from two heralded Bell pairs and ideal threshold detectors. Several schemes are discussed for constructing the two Bell pairs. We also show how one can produce an unbalanced two-qutrit state that could be of general purpose use in some protocols. In terms of the applications of the maximally entangled qutrit state, we mainly focus on how to use the state to demonstrate a violation of the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu inequality under the restriction of measurements which can be performed using linear optical elements and photon counting. Other possible applications of the state, such as for higher dimensional quantum cryptography, teleportation and generation of heralded two-qudit states, are also briefly discussed.

The Copyright Royalty Tribunal.

Science.gov (United States)

Brylawski, E. Fulton

1977-01-01

The regulatory and adjudicative structure of the newly-created Copyright Royalty Tribunal is described and guidelines for its functioning are examined. Problems in data reporting and in the determination of ownership of copyrights of works used by compulsory licensees are among the issues addressed. (LBH)

Generation of Fourier-transform-limited heralded single photons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

U'Ren, Alfred B.; Jeronimo-Moreno, Yasser; Garcia-Gracia, Hipolito

2007-01-01

In this paper we study the spectral (temporal) properties of heralded single photon wave packets, triggered by the detection of an idler photon in the process of parametric down conversion. The generated single photons are studied within the framework of the chronocyclic Wigner function, from which the single photon spectral width and temporal duration can be computed. We derive specific conditions on the two-photon joint spectral amplitude which result in both pure and Fourier-transform-limited heralded single photons. Likewise, we present specific source geometries which lead to the fulfillment of these conditions and show that one of these geometries leads, for a given pump bandwidth, to the temporally shortest possible heralded single photon wave packets

The Brazilian Audit Tribunal's role in improving the federal environmental licensing process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, Luiz Henrique; Magrini, Alessandra

2010-01-01

This article describes the role played by the Brazilian Audit Tribunal (Tribunal de Contas da Uniao - TCU) in the external auditing of environmental management in Brazil, highlighting the findings of an operational audit conducted in 2007 of the federal environmental licensing process. Initially, it records the constitutional and legal framework of Brazilian environmental licensing, describing the powers and duties granted to federal, state and municipal institutions. In addition, it presents the responsibilities of the TCU in the environmental area, comparing these with those of other Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) that are members of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI). It also describes the work carried out in the operational audit of the Brazilian environmental licensing process and its main conclusions and recommendations. Finally, it draws a parallel between the findings and recommendations made in Brazil with those of academic studies and audits conducted in other countries.

Defining Terrorism at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prakash Puchooa

2011-11-01

Full Text Available On 16 February 2011, the Appeals Chamber of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL issued an interlocutory decision regarding the legal definition of terrorism.This decision was in response to a Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC list of questions requesting,' inter alia', an elaboration of the elements of this crime.In exploring this matter, the Appeals Chamber defined the subjective ('mens rea' and objective elements ('actus reus' of terrorism by referring to domestic Lebanese law and international law. It thereby set out the applicable law for the court. The consequence of this decision however is not limited to the law of STL but may be seen as having far-reaching consequences for the conception of terrorism under both international law and International Criminal Law (ICL. Given the significance of the Appeals Chamber judgment, this paper will scrutinise three areas of concern regarding its propriety:

LANGUAGE APPRAISAL ON ATTITUDINAL SYSTEMS FOR EXPLORING IDEOLOGY IN DEATH PENALTY IN SYDNEY MORNING HERALD AND HERALD SUN EDITORIALS

OpenAIRE

Rosyida Ekawati

2016-01-01

This article deals with the ideology represented by newspaper editorials. It is from the idea that every language use is never neutral and not ideology-free. Language is used to convey meanings in a broad sense. There are meanings related to the opinions through the language as resources of evaluation. Editorial is one practice of language use full of opinions towards a certain issue on people or things. Sydney Morning Herald and Herald Sun are used as both Australian newspaper posit themselv...

MHz rate and efficient synchronous heralding of single photons at telecom wavelengths.

Science.gov (United States)

Pomarico, Enrico; Sanguinetti, Bruno; Guerreiro, Thiago; Thew, Rob; Zbinden, Hugo

2012-10-08

We report on the realization of a synchronous source of heralded single photons at telecom wavelengths with MHz heralding rates and high heralding efficiency. This source is based on the generation of photon pairs at 810 and 1550 nm via Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) in a 1 cm periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal pumped by a 532 nm pulsed laser. As high rates are fundamental for multi-photon experiments, we show that single telecom photons can be announced at 4.4 MHz rate with 45% heralding efficiency. When we focus only on the optimization of the coupling of the heralded photon, the heralding efficiency can be increased up to 80%. Furthermore, we experimentally observe that group velocity mismatch inside long crystals pumped in a pulsed mode affects the spectrum of the emitted photons and their fibre coupling efficiency. The length of the crystal in this source has been chosen as a trade off between high brightness and high coupling efficiency.

Ruling Against the Executive in Amparo Cases: Evidence from the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal Fallando en Contra del Ejecutivo en los Casos de Amparo: Evidencia del Tribunal Constitucional Peruano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lydia Brashear Tiede

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we systematically analyze decisions made by the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal from 1996 to 2006 in amparo cases, which significantly impact individual rights. We ask the following question: in these types of cases, what conditions led the Tribunal to assert itself against the executive? Through an analysis of Tribunal decisions during the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alejandro Toledo, we find that the Tribunal is more likely to rule against the executive, as the public’s confidence in the executive decreases and as the share of congressional seats of the president’s party declines. Further, the Tribunal is more willing to decide cases against the executive in areas that most pervade its docket, specifically in the areas of pensions and employment. These findings add to the comparative and American judicial politics literature by showing that high courts, even relatively weak ones, follow politics, but that case subject area and prevalence may temper this tendency.En este artículo presentamos un análisis sistemático de las decisiones del Tribunal Constitucional del Perú, específicamente las decisiones tomadas respecto a los casos de amparo entre 1996 y 2006. Estos casos son los de mayor relevancia para proteger los derechos individuales. Para este tipo de casos, buscamos contestar la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué determinantes políticos llevan al Tribunal Constitucional a fallar en contra del ejecutivo en este tipo de casos? Del análisis de todas las decisiones de amparo adoptadas por el Tribunal durante las presidencias de Alberto Fujimori y Alejandro Toledo, encontramos más probable que el Tribunal falle en contra del gobierno cuando la confianza del público en el ejecutivo declina y el número de legisladores del partido de gobierno en el congreso disminuye. Sin embargo, es más probable que el Tribunal decida en contra del ejecutivo en áreas o tipo de casos en los que más favorezcan sus intereses, espec

La reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional

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Manuel Aragón

2008-01-01

Full Text Available i. Objetivo y estructura del presente trabajo. ii. La pertinencia de la reforma. iii. El estatus del Tribunal Constitucional. iv. El recurso de amparo. v. Los asuntos de Pleno. vi. El funcionamiento interno del Tribunal. Reglas comunes de procedimiento y régimen del personal. vii. Consideraciones generales: el significado de la reforma. A. El alcance de la reforma. 1. Una reforma intensa de la lotc. 2. Lo que la reforma no incluye. B. La importancia de la reforma. 1. Transformación radical del recurso de amparo. 2. Cambios en el sistema de justicia constitucional. 3. Una precisión necesaria: el nuevo amparo-control no significa que el Tribunal Constitucional pierda por completo su dimensión de tribunal de tutela de los derechos fundamentales, sino que se transforma el significado de dicha función. 4. Eficacia de la reforma

La reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Aragón

2008-12-01

Full Text Available i. Objetivo y estructura del presente trabajo. ii. La pertinencia de la reforma. iii. El estatus del Tribunal Constitucional. iv. El recurso de amparo. v. Los asuntos de Pleno. vi. El funcionamiento interno del Tribunal. Reglas comunes de procedimiento y régimen del personal. vii. Consideraciones generales: el significado de la reforma. A. El alcance de la reforma. 1. Una reforma intensa de la lotc. 2. Lo que la reforma no incluye. B. La importancia de la reforma. 1. Transformación radical del recurso de amparo. 2. Cambios en el sistema de justicia constitucional. 3. Una precisión necesaria: el nuevo amparo-control no significa que el Tribunal Constitucional pierda por completo su dimensión de tribunal de tutela de los derechos fundamentales, sino que se transforma el significado de dicha función. 4. Eficacia de la reforma

High-quality asynchronous heralded single-photon source at telecom wavelength

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fasel, Sylvain; Alibart, Olivier; Tanzilli, Sebastien; Baldi, Pascal; Beveratos, Alexios; Gisin, Nicolas; Zbinden, Hugo

2004-01-01

We report on the experimental realization and characterization of an asynchronous heralded single-photon source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Photons at 1550 nm are heralded as being inside a single-mode fibre with more than 60% probability, and the multi-photon emission probability is reduced by a factor of up to more than 500 compared to Poissonian light sources. These figures of merit, together with the choice of telecom wavelength for the heralded photons, are compatible with practical applications needing very efficient and robust single-photon sources

32 CFR 507.17 - Procurement and wear of heraldic items.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... controlled heraldic items, when authorized by local procurement procedures, may forward a sample insignia to... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Procurement and wear of heraldic items. 507.17... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS MANUFACTURE AND SALE OF DECORATIONS, MEDALS, BADGES, INSIGNIA, COMMERCIAL USE...

Fortresses and Icebergs: The Evolution of the Transatlantic Defense Market and the Implications for U.S. National Security Policy. Volume 1: Study Findings and Recommendations

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

public data, World Wide Web research, and any reports and analysis developed by that nation’s government or by other defense experts and analysts...europe.org/Objects/2/Files/ WEB %20Common%20Indus- try%20Standards.pdf . 37 “Siemens settles bribery cases,” International Herald Tribune (Dec. 15, 2008...GD European Land Combat Systems to oversea GDLS’ European subsidiaries. Subsidiaries shown below. Santa Barbara Sistemas SA Spain Acquired from

The Relevance of Bustani Judgment of the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO for the consecration of the Principle of Autonomy of International Organizations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karine de Souza Silva

2016-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n73p227 The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the judgment “Bustani” delivered by the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT, to consolidate the principle of autonomy, considered as one of the constitutive elements of the legal personality of International Organizations. The first topic presents the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW and explains the case that culminated in the dismissal of the Director-General and led to the postulation of the demand before the ILOAT. The second topic shows the main outlines of the process, including the parties’ arguments, the legal basis and the decision of the Court. Finally, the article analyses the way of affirmation of autonomy as a raison d’être of International Organizations and presents the relevance of Bustani jurisprudence.

Two Case Histories, Ishbel Ross and Emma Bugbee: Women Journalists Ride the Rail with the Suffragettes.

Science.gov (United States)

Merrick, Beverly G.

The rise to prominence of the women's suffrage movement in the World War I years brought women reporters into U.S. newsrooms for the first time. In 1911 Emma Bugbee became the first woman hired as a "hard" news reporter for the "New York Tribune" (later the "Herald Tribune"). Ishbel Ross, author of "Ladies of the…

Elections and Electoral Tribunal in Nigeria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

2011-04-19

Apr 19, 2011 ... 'pulpits' were angels that may shun the acceptance of gratification to uphold or upturn ..... INEC in the 2007 election, it will be out of place for election tribunal to use .... Democratic theory and practice: The Nigerian experience.

O pedido de cooperação do Tribunal Penal Internacional ao Brasil na captura do presidente do Sudão (The request for cooperation on the capture of the president of Sudan submitted to Brazil by the International Criminal Court

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Irineu de Resende Miranda

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo tem como tema a relação de cooperação entre o Tribunal Penal Internacional e o Brasil. Partindo das questões levantadas pelo despacho referente à Petição 4625-1, redigido pelo presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, seu objetivo é saber se as dificuldades em harmonizar certas disposições do Estatuto do Tribunal Penal Internacional com a Constituição brasileira podem impedir o Brasil de cooperar com o Tribunal Penal Internacional no tocante à detenção e posterior entrega do presidente do Sudão, Omar al-Bashir. Analisando o fundamento jurídico do pedido de cooperação e os pontos de conflito apontados pela doutrina, conclui-se que não há obstáculo para o atendimento do pedido de cooperação, sendo este, pelo contrário, uma obrigação jurídica do Estado brasileiro.Abstract: This work discusses the cooperation relationship between the International Criminal Court and Brazil. From the issues raised by the order on the Petition 4625-1, as written by the President of the Supreme Court, its goal is to establish whether or not the difficulties in harmonizing certain provisions of the Statute of the International Criminal Court with the Brazilian Constitution may prevent the latter to cooperate with the International Criminal Court in relation to the arrest and surrender of the President of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir. Analyzing the legal basis of the request for cooperation and the conflict points highlighted by the doctrine, our research concludes that there is no obstacle to comply with the request for cooperation, which is actually a legal obligation of the Brazilian state.

Interfering Heralded Single Photons from Two Separate Silicon Nanowires Pumped at Different Wavelengths

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Xiang Zhang

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Practical quantum photonic applications require on-demand single photon sources. As one possible solution, active temporal and wavelength multiplexing has been proposed to build an on-demand single photon source. In this scheme, heralded single photons are generated from different pump wavelengths in many temporal modes. However, the indistinguishability of these heralded single photons has not yet been experimentally confirmed. In this work, we achieve 88% ± 8% Hong–Ou–Mandel quantum interference visibility from heralded single photons generated from two separate silicon nanowires pumped at different wavelengths. This demonstrates that active temporal and wavelength multiplexing could generate indistinguishable heralded single photons.

What Defines an International Criminal Court?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, Astrid

2015-01-01

that only criminal tribunals deriving their authority from international law should be labelled ‘international’, while the term ‘national criminal court’ should apply to tribunals set up under national law. This terminology would underline that issues concerning jurisdiction and applicable law must......Since the post-World War II tribunals, only few scholars have attempted to draw a definitional distinction between international and national criminal courts. Remarkable exceptions include Robert Woetzel, who in 1962 categorized criminal courts according to ‘the involvement of the international...... that ‘the involvement of the international community’ is at best an unhelpful criterion when it comes to resolving questions, e.g. regarding the immunity of state officials and the relevance of domestic law, that require a determination of the legal system in which the court operates. Instead, it is argued...

The international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the forensic pathologist: ethical considerations

Science.gov (United States)

Lorin De La Grandmaison, Geoffroy; Durigon, Michel; Moutel, Grégoire; Hervé, Christian

2006-01-01

War crimes in the former Yugoslavia since 1991 have been subjected to several international medico-legal investigations of mass graves within the framework of inquiries led by the ICTY. Forensic pathologists involved in the ICTY missions could be subjected to ethical tensions due to the difficulties of the missions, the emergent conflicts between forensic scientists of the teams and the original nature of the ICTY proceedings. In order to study the nature of such ethical tensions, we sent a questionnaire to 65 forensic pathologists who have been involved in the ICTY missions. The rate of answer was 38%. The majority of the forensic pathologists questioned (n=18) did not know how the medico-legal data were exploited by the ICTY. Three of them have been subjected to pressures. Three of them were aware of mass grave sites wittingly not investigated by the ICTY. Fifteen considered that the ICTY respected the elementary rules of the law and four of them questioned the impartiality of the justice led by the ICTY. Two conflicting types of ethics can be drawn from these results: a conviction ethics which is shared by most of the forensic pathologists questioned and a responsibility ethics. In the first, the forensic pathologist completely agrees with the need for an international war crime tribunal even if such justice can be challenged regarding the respect of human rights and impartiality. In the second, he or she needs to conduct himself in ways that do not infringe impartiality. As medical deontology duty requires an impartiality ethics, discursive ethics are needed to ease ethical tensions and to suggest ethical guidelines. Alternatives to international justice through a truth and reconciliation commission and by the way of humanitarian mission of victims’ identification combined with forensic investigations for historical purposes could be considered. PMID:16909642

FIT to be tied : Ontario's environmental review tribunal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atcheson, A.E. [Miller Thompson LLP, Toronto, ON (Canada)

2010-07-01

This PowerPoint presentation discussed amendments and changes to the Green Energy Act and Environmental Protection Act that were required to accommodate the new renewable energy approval (REA) system. Separate appeal requirements are now needed for REAs. Written notice must be supplied within 15 days after posting to the environmental registry, and the appeal must prove that the project in question will cause serious harm to human health, or serious and irreversible harm to plant life, animal life, or the natural environment. The tribunal must make a decision within 6 months when parties do not agree. If no decision is agreed in the time frame, the REA is deemed confirmed. Ontario residents with no connection to a project are able to cause delays even after the Ministry of the Environment has endorsed a project through issuance of the REA. The appeals timeline causes tribunal members to make decisions on short notice. Preliminary hearings are held to determine the parties involved, define issues, and hear preliminary motions. Hearings are held 8 weeks after the appeal expiry date and within 6 months of the tribunal appeal notice. Solutions to the appeals process include the pre-qualifications of appeals based on prima facie evidence of serious harm, the restriction of appellants to those within a particular geographic area, and increased direction to environmental review tribunal members on the appropriate minimum evidence of serious harm. tabs., figs.

Clear and compelling evidence: the Polish tribunal on abortion rights.

Science.gov (United States)

Girard, Françoise; Nowicka, Wanda

2002-05-01

On 25 July 2001 the Polish Federation for Women and Family Planning organised a Tribunal on Abortion Rights in Warsaw, to publicize the negative consequences of the criminalization of abortion in Poland. A panel of Polish and foreign experts heard the testimonials of seven Polish women's experiences under the 1993 "Anti-Abortion Act". Only two of the seven women were able to tell their stories in person. One died in 2001, at the age of 21, of an unsafe abortion. One is legally blind after having carried her last pregnancy to term. One is in prison for infanticide, which in all likelihood was committed by her boyfriend. National and foreign journalists were in attendance, as well as observers from all walks of life--writers, students, mothers, activists, feminists, husbands. The evidence was clear and compelling. Restrictive abortion laws make abortion unsafe by pushing it underground, endanger women's health, create a climate where even those services that are allowed by law-become unavailable, and contravene standards set by international human rights law. The restrictive abortion law in Poland has not increased the number of births; it has only caused women and their families suffering. The Tribunal brought the issue of abortion into the media prior to an election campaign and galvanised Polish and other Eastern European women's groups to become more active in defence of abortion rights.

HERALDING A NEW ENLIGHTENMENT

OpenAIRE

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

2011-01-01

The present-day anatomy of disarray we have to cope with bringsout the necessity of a fundamental change in our spiritual attitude and societal conduct, aiming to reassess the value of wisdom in connection with the scientific and technological progress; all, being grounded in the network of the manifestations of the logos of life. This approach highlights the articulations of our very own vision of heralding a New Enlightenment for humankind, throughout a new critique of reason, by framing a ...

'The Music Herald' 1922: A esthetical and ideological aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasić Aleksandar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The Music Herald was the first music magazine to appear in Belgrade after WWI. It was published monthly, for a year (January - December 1922. Its editor-in-chief was Petar Krstić, a composer. Other members of the editorial staff were Božidar Joksimović, Stevan Hristić, Kosta Manojlović (composers Vladimir R. Đorđević (an ethnomusicologist and Jovan Zorko (a violinist. Over 200 articles were published in the magazine. It dealt with different genres of music writings, such as articles, treatises, documents on the history of Serbian / Yugoslav music, music criticism, polemics, necrologies and bibliographies. Twenty-four compositions by native composers were published in the musical supplement of The Music Herald, among them the works of its editors as well as those of other Yugoslav musicians. The Music Herald dealt with three fields of interest: music historiography, ethnomusicology and the current topics of its epoch. When the magazine started, Serbian musicology was in its initial stage so the editors were trying to foster its development. They published numerous biographies of Serbian 19th century musicians, as well as documents on Serbian music culture during the reign of Prince Miloš Obrenović. Music folklore was also very often the subject of interest in the magazine. The Music Herald was interested in current topics and covered the Yugoslav music school system, opera houses, military music music associations, etc. It was especially interested in choral societies which in the course of the 19th century took up not only an artistic, but also a political and patriotic role in the liberation movement. After WWI choral societies entered a period of crisis. Their political raison d'être was lost, so they were faced with the challenge of achieving higher professional standards. This study deals with two aspects of 'The Music Herald': aesthetic and ideological aspects. In terms of ideology, the magazine was strongly in favor of the

Heralded quantum controlled-phase gates with dissipative dynamics in macroscopically distant resonators

Science.gov (United States)

Qin, Wei; Wang, Xin; Miranowicz, Adam; Zhong, Zhirong; Nori, Franco

2017-07-01

Heralded near-deterministic multiqubit controlled-phase gates with integrated error detection have recently been proposed by Borregaard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 110502 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.110502]. This protocol is based on a single four-level atom (a heralding quartit) and N three-level atoms (operational qutrits) coupled to a single-resonator mode acting as a cavity bus. Here we generalize this method for two distant resonators without the cavity bus between the heralding and operational atoms. Specifically, we analyze the two-qubit controlled-Z gate and its multiqubit-controlled generalization (i.e., a Toffoli-like gate) acting on the two-lowest levels of N qutrits inside one resonator, with their successful actions being heralded by an auxiliary microwave-driven quartit inside the other resonator. Moreover, we propose a circuit-quantum-electrodynamics realization of the protocol with flux and phase qudits in linearly coupled transmission-line resonators with dissipation. These methods offer a quadratic fidelity improvement compared to cavity-assisted deterministic gates.

Límites en las competencias entre la Sala Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernal Arias Ramirez

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Ponencia que en tres partes analiza las competencias del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y de la Sala Constitucional, y el posible roce que existe entre ambos. En la primera analiza las competencias del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, mientras que en la segunda se centra en las competencias de la Sala Constitucional en materia electoral y por último, el tercer apartado expone el peligro que a criterio del ponente representa la anulación de resoluciones del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones por parte de la Jurisdicción Constitucional

Will the judgment in the Hague trial constitute a precedent in international law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bojanić Petar

2006-01-01

Full Text Available On the great crime (mala in se; scelus infandum and sovereignty In this text we are attempting to think the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia together, and always with its necessary connection to the International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court. By paraphrasing the title of another work, the long forgotten Hans Kelsen text from 1947 (today usually used by detractors of the Tribunal "Will the Judgment in the Nuremberg Trial constitute a Precedent in International Law?", I wish to distinguish between the two Tribunals (as well as The Treaty of Versaille,and in so doing treat international law as legislative history or judicial precedents (and their recognition.

Identidad nacional y legitimidad del tribunal de justicia

OpenAIRE

Azpitarte Sánchez, Miguel

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo plantea en qué medida la identidad nacional es utilizada para articular por parte del Tribunal de Justicia el conflicto centro/periferia. A estos efectos el núcleo central del trabajo estructura y analiza la jurisprudencia, intenta

An audit of nursing reports for First-Tier Tribunals in a secure inpatient service.

Science.gov (United States)

Haw, C

2015-08-01

Very little research has been conducted into the role of nurses in relation to patients' mental health tribunals (known in some countries as review panels). In England nurses are playing an increasingly important role in giving evidence at tribunals and, since October 2013, are required to provide much more detailed written reports than previously. This is the first published study to examine the content of nursing tribunal reports. Overall, the quality of nursing reports was patchy and not as good as those of psychiatrists or social workers, but there was improvement when the audit was repeated. Writing reports for tribunals is a comparatively new and perhaps unfamiliar requirement for nursing staff. Nurses need training in report writing and protected time and a quiet area to write reports. Providing these things is a real challenge on busy inpatient wards. In October 2013, the Tribunals Judiciary of England issued a new practice direction stipulating how tribunal reports should be completed. This paper aimed to study the quality of nursing tribunal reports in a secure inpatient service before and after the introduction of the latest practice direction and the issuing of a local template to aid report writing. A total of 160 reports (80 written in 2013 and 80 in 2014) were scored on the presence of 24 key items derived from the latest practice direction. The quality of nursing reports improved in the re-audit from an average of 36.3% of key items present to 51.3% but still lagged behind that of medical and social circumstances reports. Even in the second audit, few reports were signed or commented on why the patient should remain detained. Report length increased from a mean of 2.9 to 4.0 pages but only 27.5% of reports used the template despite widespread publicity. Use of the template resulted in better quality reports. Among other interventions, a training programme in report writing is now underway to assist nurses with meeting the new practice direction

HERALDING A NEW ENLIGHTENMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The present-day anatomy of disarray we have to cope with bringsout the necessity of a fundamental change in our spiritual attitude and societal conduct, aiming to reassess the value of wisdom in connection with the scientific and technological progress; all, being grounded in the network of the manifestations of the logos of life. This approach highlights the articulations of our very own vision of heralding a New Enlightenment for humankind, throughout a new critique of reason, by framing a new philosophical insight able to lead us to a better understanding of the meaning of life.

Herald Eelma teosed Soomes / Anne Lõugas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lõugas, Anne, 1951-

1999-01-01

10. nov. avati Põhja-Soomes Kuhmo linnas uus 'Kalevala' infokeskus Juminkeko (arhitektid M. Heikkinen, M. Komonen), kus on 6. jaan.-ni 2000 avatud 'Kalevala'-teemaline kunstinäitus. Eksponeeritud Vitali Dobrõnini õlimaalid, Robino Ntila tushijoonistused ja puulõiked, Luong Xuan Doan'i akvarellilaadsed 'Kalevala' interpretatsioonid, Herald Eelma 'Kalevala' 1985. a. eestikeelsele väljaandele tehtud 20 joonistust ja 1999. a. tehtud 20 'Kalevala'-teemalist joonistust

On-chip generation of heralded photon-number states

Science.gov (United States)

Vergyris, Panagiotis; Meany, Thomas; Lunghi, Tommaso; Sauder, Gregory; Downes, James; Steel, M. J.; Withford, Michael J.; Alibart, Olivier; Tanzilli, Sébastien

2016-10-01

Beyond the use of genuine monolithic integrated optical platforms, we report here a hybrid strategy enabling on-chip generation of configurable heralded two-photon states. More specifically, we combine two different fabrication techniques, i.e., non-linear waveguides on lithium niobate for efficient photon-pair generation and femtosecond-laser-direct-written waveguides on glass for photon manipulation. Through real-time device manipulation capabilities, a variety of path-coded heralded two-photon states can be produced, ranging from product to entangled states. Those states are engineered with high levels of purity, assessed by fidelities of 99.5 ± 8% and 95.0 ± 8%, respectively, obtained via quantum interferometric measurements. Our strategy therefore stands as a milestone for further exploiting entanglement-based protocols, relying on engineered quantum states, and enabled by scalable and compatible photonic circuits.

The protection of the accused in international criminal law according to the Human Rights Law Standard

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Karolina Kremens

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The presented paper discusses the influence of international human rights law on international criminal law. It tries to give an answer to the question of whether rules protecting the accused in international criminal proceedings meet the human rights law standard provided by international declarations and covenants. Meaning, if the proceedings before the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR and International Criminal Court (ICC meet the standard provided by international human rights law, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The paper proves that international human rights law has affected international criminal law tremendously. Moreover, it is argued that the protection of the accused in the law of the international courts and tribunals with regard to his rights has improved when compared to the international human rights law standard. In particular the Rome Statute of the ICC provides the accused with the most comprehensive protection. This is especially visible in the case of such rights as the presumption of innocence, right to an interpreter and right to remain silent. Nevertheless, some shortcomings in the law of the ad hoc tribunals and ICC can be observed, in particular when it comes to identifying the commencement of protection of the accused.

LANGUAGE APPRAISAL ON ATTITUDINAL SYSTEMS FOR EXPLORING IDEOLOGY IN DEATH PENALTY IN SYDNEY MORNING HERALD AND HERALD SUN EDITORIALS

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Rosyida Ekawati

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the ideology represented by newspaper editorials. It is from the idea that every language use is never neutral and not ideology-free. Language is used to convey meanings in a broad sense. There are meanings related to the opinions through the language as resources of evaluation. Editorial is one practice of language use full of opinions towards a certain issue on people or things. Sydney Morning Herald and Herald Sun are used as both Australian newspaper posit themselves as the high-rank newspaper in terms of circulation and online accessed. This article tries to uncover the ideologies represented by both newspaper editorials concerning death penalty of Bali Nine executed in Indonesia. Attitudinal perspective proposed by Martin and White (2005 in term of affect, judgement, and appreciation of language appraisal is used to explore ideology in the newspaper. From appraisal analysis, it is found that Indonesia dominantly appraised in negative There is no positive appreciation for Indonesia in both newspaper editorials. judgement while Australia is portrayed in positive view for the issue of death penalty in Indonesia.

Heralded linear optical quantum Fredkin gate based on one auxiliary qubit and one single photon detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Chang-Hua; Cao Xin; Quan Dong-Xiao; Pei Chang-Xing

2014-01-01

Linear optical quantum Fredkin gate can be applied to quantum computing and quantum multi-user communication networks. In the existing linear optical scheme, two single photon detectors (SPDs) are used to herald the success of the quantum Fredkin gate while they have no photon count. But analysis results show that for non-perfect SPD, the lower the detector efficiency, the higher the heralded success rate by this scheme is. We propose an improved linear optical quantum Fredkin gate by designing a new heralding scheme with an auxiliary qubit and only one SPD, in which the higher the detection efficiency of the heralding detector, the higher the success rate of the gate is. The new heralding scheme can also work efficiently under a non-ideal single photon source. Based on this quantum Fredkin gate, large-scale quantum switching networks can be built. As an example, a quantum Beneš network is shown in which only one SPD is used. (electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics)

The ICC, International Criminal Justice and International Politics ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The International Criminal Court (ICC) came into being as a result of a desire by the international community to establish a permanent body to deliver criminal justice instead of the formula of ad hoc tribunals that had become the norm. The coming into force of the Rome Statute in 2002 was greeted with euphoria as it ...

La desaplicación de normas estatutarias por parte del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Orozco Solano

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio sobre el mecanismo de la desaplicación de normas estatuarias por inconstitucionalidad utilizado por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y su posible intromisión en la esfera de competencia de la Sala Constitucional. Expone la naturaleza del recurso de amparo, el control de constitucionalidad y la aplicación del instrumento procesal en materia electoral con el objetivo de determinar la procedencia o no de dicha atribución en manos del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.

Defence counsel in international criminal law

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Temminck Tuinstra, J.P.W.

2009-01-01

The field of international criminal law is relatively new and rapidly developing. This dissertation examines whether international criminal courts enable defence counsel to conduct an effective defence. When the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda (the ad hoc

Commentary (Victim Participation in the International Criminal Court)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marchuk, Iryna

2014-01-01

Victim participation is one of the most innovative aspects introduced in the legal framework of the International Criminal Court (hereinafter – ICC), which has not featured in the practices of other international criminal courts and tribunals. The approach of the ad hoc tribunals to victims...... was very ‘consumer like’ because victims were solely used as witnesses to testify about the crimes attributed to the accused, but they were not granted broad participatory rights in the proceedings. The drafters of the Rome Statute acknowledged wide-ranging interests of victims who, apart from seeking...

International Criminal Justice and the Politics of Compliance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lamont, Christopher

2010-01-01

International Criminal Justice and the Politics of Compliance provides a comprehensive study of compliance with legal obligations derived from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia's (ICTY) Statute and integrates theoretical debates on compliance into international justice

75 FR 18082 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-09

... Democrat. Adams Street, Tallahassee, FL 32301. Hawaii: Hawaii Unincorporated areas August 12, 2009; The Honorable William P. December 17, 2009 155166 of Hawaii County (08- August 19, 2009; Kenoi, Mayor, Hawaii 09-1858P). Hawaii Tribune- County, 25 Aupuni Herald. Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Kansas: Johnson City of...

75 FR 78610 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-16

...)........ Citizen. County, 1407 Burleyson Drive, Dalton, GA 30720. Hawaii: Hawaii Unincorporated areas April 30, 2010, May The Honorable William P. September 7, 2010.... 155166 of Hawaii County. 7, 2010, Hawaii Kenoi, Mayor, County of (09-09-1789P)........ Tribune-Herald. Hawaii, 25 Aupuni Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Idaho...

75 FR 11744 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-12

... Aupuni Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Hawaii (FEMA Docket No: B- Unincorporated areas March 12, 2009; The... 09-1568P). Hawaii Tribune- County, 25 Aupuni Herald. Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Idaho: Blaine (FEMA.... Chairperson, Henry County Board of Commissioners, 140 Henry Parkway, McDonough, GA 30253. Hawaii: Hawaii (FEMA...

75 FR 78615 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-16

... East Avenue, Cedartown, GA 30125. Hawaii: Hawaii Unincorporated areas June 10, 2010, June The Honorable William P. October 15, 2010..... 155166 of Hawaii County. 17, 2010, Hawaii Kenoi, Mayor, Hawaii (09-09-2120P)........ Tribune-Herald. County, 25 Aupuni Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Kansas: Johnson City of Fairway...

Participation of a non-disputing party in arbitration and protection of the public interest before an ICSID Tribunal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Đundić Petar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper discusses the need to protect the legitimacy of decision-making process in investment arbitration through public access to the proceedings. Unlike commercial arbitration, investment arbitration entails decisions on state responsibility for measures directed towards protection of environment, lives and health of its population or human rights. Presence of the public interest in such disputes brings under strong criticism a traditional characteristic of arbitration process - its confidentiality. The problem of democratic deficit of decision-making can be resolved, inter alia, by allowing persons who are not parties to the dispute to participate in the proceedings if they consider that their interest might be affected by arbitral award. The 2006 Arbitration Rules of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes envisage, subject to approval of the Tribunal, the right of a non-disputing party to file a written submission with the Tribunal regarding a factual or legal issue connected with the subject matter of the dispute. However, without right of those entities to attend arbitral hearings and, more importantly, without their access to documents submitted during the proceedings, this is not by far enough to give 'friends of the court' a meaningful and significant role.

LA REPRODUCCIÓN ASISTIDA EN EUROPA: LA LABOR ARMONIZADORA DEL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS

OpenAIRE

Mª DEL PILAR MOLERO MARTÍN-SALAS

2016-01-01

Uno de los principales avances científicos de las últimas décadas ha sido la reproducción asistida. Ello ha provocado la aparición de nuevos problemas jurídicos que han sido resueltos en Europa por sus Estados miembro de manera heterogénea, convirtiendo la interpretación del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en estos últimos años en necesaria y crucial para entender la regulación europea al respecto. En este trabajo se muestra la labor de interpretación realizada por el Tribunal respec...

76 FR 8900 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-16

.... Burleyson Drive, Dalton, GA 30720. Hawaii: Hawaii (FEMA Docket No.: B- Unincorporated areas April 30, 2010; May The Honorable William P. September 7, 2010 155166 1135). of Hawaii County (09- 7, 2010; Hawaii Kenoi, Mayor, Hawaii 09-1789P). Tribune-Herald. County, 25 Aupuni Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Hawaii (FEMA...

75 FR 81892 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-29

..., 500 San Sebastian View, St. Augustine, FL 32084. Hawaii: Hawaii (FEMA Docket No.: B- Unincorporated areas April 16, 2010; The Honorable William P. August 23, 2010 155166 1124) of Hawaii County (09- April 23, 2010; Kenoi, Mayor, Hawaii 09-1398P). Hawaii Tribune- County, 25 Aupuni Herald. Street, Hilo, HI...

75 FR 35672 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-23

... of Commissioners, P.O. Box 398, Fort Myers, FL 33902. Hawaii: Hawaii Unincorporated areas April 16, 2010; The Honorable William P. August 23, 2010 155166 of Hawaii County (09- April 23, 2010; Kenoi, Mayor, Hawaii 09-1398P). Hawaii Tribune- County, 25 Aupuni Herald. Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Illinois: St...

76 FR 43603 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-21

.... Hawaii: Hawaii (FEMA Docket No.: B- Unincorporated areas January 3, 2011; The Honorable William P. May 10, 2011 155166 1191). of Hawaii County (10- January 10, 2011; Kenoi, Mayor, Hawaii 09-3793P). The Hawaii Tribune- County, 25 Aupuni Herald. Street, Hilo, HI 96720. North Carolina: Alamance (FEMA Docket No.: B...

Heralded noiseless amplification for single-photon entangled state with polarization feature

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dan-Dan; Jin, Yu-Yu; Qin, Sheng-Xian; Zu, Hao; Zhou, Lan; Zhong, Wei; Sheng, Yu-Bo

2018-03-01

Heralded noiseless amplification is a promising method to overcome the transmission photon loss in practical noisy quantum channel and can effectively lengthen the quantum communication distance. Single-photon entanglement is an important resource in current quantum communications. Here, we construct two single-photon-assisted heralded noiseless amplification protocols for the single-photon two-mode entangled state and single-photon three-mode W state, respectively, where the single-photon qubit has an arbitrary unknown polarization feature. After the amplification, the fidelity of the single-photon entangled state can be increased, while the polarization feature of the single-photon qubit can be well remained. Both the two protocols only require the linear optical elements, so that they can be realized under current experimental condition. Our protocols may be useful in current and future quantum information processing.

Decision-Making Behaviour under the Mental Health Act 1983 and Its Impact on Mental Health Tribunals: An English Perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicola Glover-Thomas

2018-03-01

Full Text Available In England and Wales, the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA 1983 provides the legal framework which governs decisions made concerning the care and treatment of those suffering from mental disorders, where they may pose a risk to themselves or others. The perspective of the patient and the care provider may conflict and can be a source of tension and challenge within mental health law. Through access to a mental health tribunal, patients are offered the apparatus to review and challenge their detention. With detention rates under the mental health legislation rising exponentially, this is having a knock-on effect upon tribunal application numbers. As there is a legal requirement to review all cases of individuals detained under the MHA 1983, understanding the key drivers for this increase in detention is essential in order to understand how to better manage both detention rates and the upsurge in tribunal caseloads. With the increase in overall activity, mental health tribunal workloads present significant practical challenges and has downstream cost implications.

International criminal justice: a pillar for the international rule of law

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Gonzalo Aguilar Cavallo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The international criminal justice has experienced a rapid change over the past years. This circumstance has underscored the need for interaction and complementation between international and domestic law. Some authors consider that the international criminal justice, and the activities of its tribunals, jeopardize the legality of international law. Our vision is that international criminal justice is a central pillar of the rule of law, at the national and the international levels. Far from undermining the legality of international law, international criminal justice paves the way towards a true international public order.

Heralded generation of a micro-macro entangled state

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Ulrik Lund; Neergaard-Nielsen, Jonas Schou

2013-01-01

Using different optical setups based on squeezed state and photon subtraction we show how optical entanglement between a macroscopic and a microscopic state-the so-called Schro¨dinger cat state or micro-macro state-can be generated. The entangled state is heralded and is thus produced a priori....... Furthermore, we show that the state can be used to map a microscopic qubit onto a macroscopic one thereby linking a qubit processor with a qumode processor....

New York Newspaper Coverage of Jackie Robinson in His First Major League Season.

Science.gov (United States)

Washburn, Pat

Sports articles appearing in three New York City newspapers in Jackie Robinson's first season as a major league baseball player were examined to determine if there was biased reporting based on racial prejudice. The sports pages of the New York "Times," the "Herald Tribune," and the "Daily News" for 44 days in 1947…

Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 2 / Henn-Jüri Uibopuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Uibopuu, Henn-Jüri, 1929-2012

1982-01-01

Tutvustus: Encyclopedia of Public International Law, published under the Auspices of the Max-Planck-Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law under the Direction of Rudolf Bernhardt. (2. Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals and International Arbitrations). Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1981

Límites en las competencias entre la Sala Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Paulino Mora

2011-07-01

Full Text Available : La ponencia se propone establecer la importante distinción entre órgano y función, con el fin de exponer algunas nociones que deben servir como orientación para la respuesta que pueda darse a la cuestión planteada de la delimitación de competencias entre la Sala Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en lo que respecta a los derechos y las libertades de carácter político-electoral. Explica la base jurídica que la Sala Constitucional ha empleado para abordar los temas de su relación competencial con el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

Análisis del fallo del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la píldora del día después

OpenAIRE

Andrés Bordalí Salamanca; Yanira Zúñiga Añazco

2009-01-01

Los autores analizan críticamente la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional relativa a la anticoncepción de emergencia, centrando su análisis, por una parte, en el rol del tribunal en el juego de poderes democráticos, y por otra, en la omisión de las mujeres como un sujeto de derechos relevante en la sentencia.

Le tribunal d’opinion de Tôkyô pour les « femmes de réconfort » The Tokyo opinion trial in help to former “comfort women”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rumiko Nishino

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Dès les années 1930, le Japon a organisé l’enlèvement et la déportation massive de jeunes femmes asiatiques dans les bordels militaires de campagne des territoires occupés. Or, bien que les faits aient été connus au moment du procès de Tôkyô (Tribunal militaire international pour l’Extrême-Orient, l’affaire fut largement passée sous silence, ces violences sexuelles envers les femmes n’étant pas reconnues comme des crimes de guerre à part entière. Suite à la mobilisation engagée par les survivantes coréennes et celles d’autres pays d’Asie au cours des années 1990, un tribunal d’opinion s’est tenu à Tôkyô en décembre 2000, à l’initiative de VAWW-NET (Violence Against Women in War Network, pour juger les responsables et envisager des mesures de réparation. L’article revient sur le sens de ce tribunal et dresse les perspectives à venir.Since the 1930s, Japan had organized the kidnapping and mass deportation of young Asian women into military brothels campaign in the occupied territories. Although the facts were known at the time of the Tokyo trial (the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and trials of BC war criminals, sexual violence against women were not recognized as full war crimes, and the whole story remained was largely ignored until the coming out of Korean victims in the 1990s. Following the mobilization by those women from Korea and other Asian countries, an opinion court was held in Tokyo in December 2000, at the initiative of VAWW-NET (Violence against Women in War Network. The goal was to indict those responsible and to consider remedial measures. The article presents the meaning of the court and examines further perspectives.

Ühest erijoonest Herald Eelma illustraatoritöös / Jüri Hain

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hain, Jüri, 1941-

2011-01-01

Herald Eelma loomingust raamatuillustraatorina, analüüsides algseid kavandeid ja illustratsioone Jaan Krossi luulekogule "Voog ja kolmpii", A.H. Tammsaare saksa keelde tõlgitud romaanile "Ma armastasin sakslast" ja soome eeposele "Kalevala". Ka ilukirjandliku teksti ja illustratsioonide vahelistest mõjutustest

Compensation for the victims of the Marshall Islands nuclear testing programme: the Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Briscoe, W.

1992-01-01

The Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal was established in 1988 pursuant to legislation enacted by the Republic of the Marshall Islands as part of its obligations under the Compact of Free Association between it and the United States (ratified 1986) and an associated Compact implementation agreement. The Tribunal is generally considered to be the last hope for compensation for a large number of Marshallese who claim to have suffered injury or damage as a result of the United States Nuclear Testing Programme in the Marshall Islands, 1946 - 1958. Under the Compact, the United States admitted liability for injuries and damages suffered by Marshallese as a result of the Testing Programme and made provision for the payment of compensation. In return, the Republic agreed to espouse, on behalf of it and its citizens, all current and future claims for compensation against the United States. The Tribunal has been given a most challenging and unique assignment: - to identify and compensate the victims of the Testing Programme, with a potentially limited sum of money, an indefinite number of victims, and with cultural, environmental and political circumstances which are not altogether conducive to Western concepts associated with compensating people for damages and personal injuries suffered as a result of a wrongful act. The paper will describe the Tribunal's role in compensating the victims of the Testing Programme. It will highlight a number of legal, social and cultural difficulties in establishing and operating a scheme to compensate people for damages and injuries suffered or commenced up to forty years previously. (author)

International Criminal Law & Its Paradoxes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlson, Kerstin Bree

2017-01-01

criminal law are unrealizable under current ICT practice. This is due to international criminal law's foundational, legitimizing basis in natural law, rather than political liberalism. The article calls for a revision of ICT institutional accountability structures.......This article challenges international criminal tribunals' (ICTs) capacity to perform the socially constitutive work of transitional justice. Highlighting paradigmatic ICT jurisprudence, it shows both the "progress" and "justice" constructs central to the work and legitimacy of international...

Technical assistance report no. TA-80-105-757 at Lexington Herald-Leader, Lexington, Kentucky

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murray, W.E.; Conover, D.L.; Flesch, J.P.

1980-10-01

Exposure to radiation was investigated at the Lexington Herald-Leader newspaper company (SIC-2711) in Lexington, Kentucky, on August 12 and 13, 1980. The evaluation was requested by company management. Thirty-five of 60 to 80 video display terminals (VDT) used by the newspaper were randomly selected and the ionizing and non-ionizing radiation emissions were measured. All VDT radiation measurements were below OSHA standards and, often, below detectable levels. The OSHA ionizing and non-ionizing standards are 2.5 millirems per hour averaged on a daily basis and 1.0 milliwatt per square centimeter averaged over 6 months, respectively. The authors conclude that no radiation hazard exists at the Lexington Herald-Leader

The Indian power sector - Role of appellate tribunal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bajaj, Harbans; Sharma, Deepak

2010-09-15

India's electricity-supply industry mainly owned and operated by the public sector has been facing endemic energy and peaking shortages with huge commercial losses. Power sector reforms initiated in 1990s culminated with enactment of The Electricity Act, 2003 is briefly discussed here. Appellate Tribunal for Electricity - a unique feature of the Act - constituted to redress grievances of stakeholders has set ground rules for the power sector having harmonizing effect on the various power sector issues and have reduced the element of uncertainty which was prevalent hitherto fore as revealed by the several case studies this paper presents.

THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RIGHTS RELATED TO ARTICLE 6 UNDER THE ECHR JURISPRUDENCE: INDIPENDENT AND IMPARTIAL TRIBUNAL ESTABLISHED BY LAW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena ANDREEVSKA

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Access to justice is a core fundamental right and a central concept in the broader field of justice. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on Article 6 is a complex body of rules. Article 6 of the Convention was inspired by Article 10 and 11(1 of the Universal Declaration of Human rights of 1948. It has also its counterpart – with minor differences in Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on 1966. Article 6, which guarantees the right to fair trial, occupies a central place in the system of the Convention. it is a generally agreed that this provision is the most frequently cited one of the Convention, both at the national and international levels. This Article contains a variety of rights which are all related to the good administration of justice, not only criminal, but also in the civil and administrative matters. The ‘independent and impartial tribunal established by law’ is one of textual elements of the Fair Trial Right, as long as it has direct and explicit expression in the text of Convention. Even in simple logical way it can be considered as a suite of requirements referring to 1 the notion of tribunal 2 its attribute of being established by law 3 being independent and 4 being impartial.

The Advisory Opinion of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Matters related to the determination of effective link between the States and the legal persons they sponsor to carry out activities in the Area

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Nicolás Guerrero Peniche

2012-12-01

Tribunal for the Law of the Sea so it could be clarified. The advisory opinion of the Tribunal advanced conclusions particularly relevant for the determination of a nationality link between the legal persons and the States that sponsor them. This matter, which plays an essential role for achieving an effective protection of the marine environment within the sponsorship mechanisms for exploration and exploitation of the resources of the Area, also has some relevant consequences for the activities in reserved areas.

Explaining African Participation in International Courts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gissel, Line Engbo; Brett, Peter

2018-01-01

constructivist and liberal institutionalist International Relations theories. International court creation did not reflect the pursuit of national interests or a response to normative NGO pressures. Making this argument, the article analyses the design and ratification of two new international courts: the SADC...... Tribunal and International Criminal Court. Using the case studies of Zimbabwe and Kenya, it shows how global scripts were repeated by even those states which have, in recent years, most vocally asserted their national interests against these courts....

The Development of International Law Through the Unauthorised Conduct of International Institutions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan D van der Vyver

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The law, including international law, is subject to continuous change. It can be adapted to changing circumstances through formal amendments of or additions to existing norms and practices. It can also be changed through the conduct of international institutions that is not within their legally defined competencies, provided - it will be argued - that the unauthorised conduct (a is not expressly forbidden by existing rules of international law, and (b is accepted or condoned by a cross-section of the international community of states. The creation by the Security Council of the United Nations of ad hoc international criminal tribunals, for example, cannot even with a stretch of the imagination be justified on the basis of the powers of the Council stipulated in the UN Charter. However, their creation was applauded by the nations of the world as a feasible and practical way of responding to the atrocities of the early 1990's in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The creation of international criminal tribunals by the Security Council has thus come to be accepted as a new rule of international law. The same reasoning is applied to the newly acquired competence of NATO forces to intervene militarily on humanitarian grounds as exemplified by the NATO bombing campaign of 1999 in Serbia, while not one of the NATO countries was being attacked or under threat of an attack, and the competence of States to attack terrorist groups in a foreign country if the government of that country is either unwilling or unable to prevent the ongoing acts of terror violence.

El derecho a la vivienda en Europa : deberes prositivos y derechos exigibles (según la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Padraic Kenna

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo expone el desarrollo experimentado en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos respecto de la perspectiva de los derechos humanos como obligaciones positivas en el contexto de la vivienda. En este sentido, se traza la evolución desde el concepto liberal tradicional de los derechos de carácter negativo, pasando por la influencia de los modelos de Estado de bienestar durante la posguerra, hasta el Estado contemporáneo, desde 1980. El estudio, cuyo eje viene constituido por los derechos de propiedad, se centra en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Se destaca el articulado del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, centrándose en los artículos, 3, 6 y 8, así como en las obligaciones positivas que de ellos se derivan. El autor presta especial atención a determinados artículos del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre los que el Tribunal ha fijado obligaciones positivas. El autor concluye que el tribunal tiene aún una larga tarea respecto de la redefinición de las obligaciones positivas referentes a los derechos de vivienda, debiéndose basar en la valiosa jurisprudencia del Consejo de Europa.

International Criminal Law: Over-studied and Underachieving?

OpenAIRE

Van Sliedregt, E

2016-01-01

In his recent review of Neil Boister's book, An Introduction to Transnational Criminal Law, Robert Currie praises the author for shedding light on a field of law that has suffered from inattention. Transnational criminal law (TCL), the 'other' branch of what was traditionally called international criminal law, has been overshadowed by international criminal law 'proper' (ICL). The establishment of international criminal tribunals after the end of the Cold War, culminating in the establishment...

KONVERGENSI MEDIA SURAT KABAR LOKAL (Studi Deskriptif Pemanfaatan Internet Pada Koran Tribun Jogja dalam Membangun Industri Media Cetak Lokal

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Khadziq Khadziq

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Persaingan media dan perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK yang membawa tren baru dalam dunia industri komunikasi. Instrument untuk menghadapinya adalah konvergensi yang berorientasi pada kepentingan konsumen dan pemilik media. Media yang telah terkonvergensi juga berpengaruh terhadap besarnya kepentingan ekonomi politik dalam penerapan konvergensi. Pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara mendalam serta kajian literatur. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa strategi 3M (Multimedia, Multichannel dan Multiplatform digunakan Tribun Jogja menjadi salah satu alternative strategi untuk menerapkan konvergensi dan mentransformasikan dirinya menuju full convergence. Sedangkan pada ekonomi politik nya terlihat bahwa melalui penerapan konvergensi media ini, maka dengan komodifikasi yaitu adanya pengambilan dan penyeragaman konten di antara sesama media yang berada di bawah jaringan Tribun akan mendapatkan keuntungan melalui pasokan pengiklan, begitu pula spasialisasi yang memungkinkan penyaluran konten berita secara realtime dapat mengurangi biaya tenaga kerja, administratif, dan material. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konvergensi yang dilakukan adalah konvergensi kontekstual yaitu konvergensi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi budaya perusahaan dan masyarakat. Ini terbukti konvergensi dapat terlaksana tanpa melakukan perubahan radikal dengan menyatukan newsroom cetak dan online, media sudah dapat melakukan konvergensi. Kata-kata kunci: Konvergensi media, Rangkaian Konvergensi, Ekonomi politik media dan Tribun Jogja Abstract Media competition and the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT, which brings a new trend in the world of the communications industry. Instrument to deal with it is the convergence oriented to the interests of consumers and media owners. Media who had converged also affect the amount of economic and political interests in the application

Consecration normative de la responsabilite individuelle penale au niveau international

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Dorul Olga

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The horrors of the two world wars, reproved by the entire international society as inevitable consequence had the establishment of the mechanism of international liability of individuals who have committed war crimes. The statutes of the two international military tribunals established after the Second World War laid the foundation of a new branch of law - International Criminal Law. Among the principles recognized in the statutes of the tribunals, a special role-plays the principle of international criminal liability. Namely, the legal establishment of the international individual criminal liability in its time marked a “revolution” in Public International Law. Nowadays, the international society marked by the presence of multiple military conflicts, which inevitably involves committing of war crimes, should consolidate all the potential in order to counteract them and to punish those guilty of non-compliance with the International Humanitarian Law, which constitute war crimes. This can be achieved including through a detailed regulation by Public International Law instruments and constituents of the concept of war crimes. However, today we are witnessing the increasing role of international courts that have the jurisdiction to prosecute and punish war crimes, which are not effectively repressed by national judicial courts.

Performance and institucional identity: the Electoral Tribunal in the 2000 electoral alternance Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

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Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA

2010-07-01

Full Text Available In this article we want to analyse the work made by the "Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF" and its relation, in its grade and identity, within the presidential elections on the July 2sd, 2000. Our hypothesis is that TEPJF had started an institutional blackmail, which put several doubts on the process, and could limit the democratic advances built until today but also generate a post electoral conflict with political instability consequences in the country.Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" institucional que marcó la incertidumbre del proceso, pudo limitar los avances democratizadores construidos hasta la fecha, y generar un conflicto postelectoral con consecuencias para la estabilidad política del país.

La conservación de los fondos del Archivo del Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo

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Joaquín Gil Honduvilla

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo describe el proceso por el que los fondos del archivo del Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo fueron objeto de un convenio colaboración entre el Ministerio de Defensa, la Consejería de la Presidencia de la Junta de Andalucía y la Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces para su informatización y conservación. Se muestra la importancia del archivo, así como su organización y la legislación por la que se rige. El interés de la administración autonómica por colaborar en la ordenación de esta documentación no puede disociarse tampoco del proceso de recuperación de memoria histórica que existe actualmente en nuestra sociedad._____________________ABSTRACT:This work describes the process which led to the fact that the funds of the archive of the Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo (The Second Territorial Military Tribunal became the object of a collaboration agreement between the Ministry of Defence, the Consejería de la Presidencia (Regional Ministry of Presidency of Junta de Andalucía and the Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces (Centre of Andalusian Studies Foundation concerning its computerisation and maintenance. The paper shows the importance of the archive, as well as its organisation and the laws it is subject to. The interest of the autonomous public administration in collaborating in the organisation of that documentation cannot be separated from the process of recuperation of the historical memory which is present in our society today.  

The doctrine of joint criminal action in the ad hoc tribunals and its scope in the Rome Statute

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Miren Odriozola-Gurrutxaga

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The first judgment of the International Criminal Court has confirmed that article 25 (3 of the Rome Statute adopts the theory of control of the act to distinguish between principals and accessories. On the contrary, since 2003, the ad hoc tribunals’ case law bases the notion of co-perpetration on the Joint Criminal Enterprise doctrine, using a subjective criterion approach. In this article we will first analyze the problems raised by that case law of the ad hoc tribunals, and then, we will study the article of the Rome Statute which apparently most resembles the Joint Criminal Enterprise doctrine: article 25 (3 (d. The article concludes that none of the three categories of that doctrine is included in the said provision.

Performance and institucional identity: the Electoral Tribunal in the 2000 electoral alternance Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

OpenAIRE

Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA; David H. CORROCHANO

2010-01-01

In this article we want to analyse the work made by the "Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF)" and its relation, in its grade and identity, within the presidential elections on the July 2sd, 2000. Our hypothesis is that TEPJF had started an institutional blackmail, which put several doubts on the process, and could limit the democratic advances built until today but also generate a post electoral conflict with political instability consequences in the country.Analiza...

75 FR 32532 - Notice of Meeting of the Advisory Committee on International Law

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-08

... International Law A meeting of the Advisory Committee on International Law will take place on Monday, June 21, 2010, from 9:30 a.m. to approximately 5:30 p.m., at the George Washington University Law School... Criminal Court review conference and ad hoc international criminal tribunals; the law of war regarding...

Los desafíos de la consolidación electoral: El caso del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

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José Fabián Ruiz Valerio

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza el desempeño del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica y los desafíos que se le presentan a un órgano electoral consolidado. Efectivamente, el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones es una institución de referencia en la región. Creado en la Constitución de 1949, desde entonces se ha desempeñado sin interferencias en el cumplimiento de sus funciones. A su vez, la democracia en el país se erige como una de las más antiguas de América Latina. Por consiguiente, la interrogante central que guía esta investigación es ¿cuáles son los principales desafíos que enfrenta en sus actividades una institución electoral consolidada dentro de un régimen democrático estable? Para responder, se realizaron 5 entrevistas a profundidad, semiestructuradas, con funcionarios del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (magistrados titulares, personal del IFED. A estos se agregaron funcionarios y ex funcionarios del IIDH-CAPEL, que nos brindaron una visión comparada del caso de Costa Rica en relación con el contexto latinoamericano. A partir del análisis de la información, se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre el caso de estudio.

La detención preventiva y la libertad personal en la práctica del Tribunal Especial para el Líbano

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Francesco Agnello

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The present article analyzes the order CH/PTJ/09/06, issued by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, on 29 April 2009, in terms of pre-trial detention, personal freedom, presumption of innocence and right to a fair and expeditious trial. From this point of view the article extend the reflection in considering the principal acts delivered by the Tribunal – Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Rules on Detention, Prosecutor’s applications and Pre-Trial Judge’s decisions – appraising its deep and concrete contribution in human rights protection.

Enhancing the performance of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with heralded pair-coherent sources

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, Feng; Zhang, Chun-Hui; Liu, Ai-Ping [Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003 (China); Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003 (China); Wang, Qin, E-mail: qinw@njupt.edu.cn [Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003 (China); Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003 (China); Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China)

2016-04-01

In this paper, we propose to implement the heralded pair-coherent source into the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. By comparing its performance with other existing schemes, we demonstrate that our new scheme can overcome many shortcomings existing in current schemes, and show excellent behavior in the quantum key distribution. Moreover, even when taking the statistical fluctuation into account, we can still obtain quite high key generation rate at very long transmission distance by using our new scheme. - Highlights: • Implement the heralded pair-coherent source into the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. • Overcome many shortcomings existing in current schemes and show excellent behavior. • Obtain quite high key generation rate even when taking statistical fluctuation into account.

Bowett's law of international institutions

CERN Document Server

Sands, Philippe

2009-01-01

Bowett's Law of International Institutions is the leading introduction to this complex, important and growing area of international law, with increasing significance for developments at the national level. Covering all the major global, regional and judicial institutions and all international organisations that regulate aspects of development and providing an introductory overview of the law of international organisations, including international courts and tribunals as a whole. The book offers a basic framework, insights into some of the more essential issues, and indications of where to find more detail. Bowett's is essential reading for students of international law and international relations and will also be of considerable interest to lawyers practising in the area.

The law of the international civil service institutional law and practice in international organisations

CERN Document Server

Ullrich, Gerhard

2018-01-01

Gerhard Ullrich provides an overall review of the employment law of international intergovernmental organisations. In the first part of the book, he explains the basics of employment law and provides statistical data. He comments extensively on the privileges and immunities of international officials. The core of the book is dedicated to the examination of the legal sources for international civil service law. Here, the international administrative tribunals' case law on the general principles of law occupies a particularly broad area. A second legal source are the structures and elements of the statutory employment in international organisations. The author finally comments on the system of legal protection for the staff of the international civil service.

Liberdade de imprensa no Supremo Tribunal Federal: análise comparativa com a Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos

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Carlo José Napolitano

Full Text Available ResumoO presente trabalho analisa o entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal e da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos acerca da liberdade de imprensa. A pesquisa objetiva comparar o posicionamento das Cortes sobre esse direito fundamental. Usando o método comparativo, analisa os argumentos utilizados pelas Cortes nos julgamentos de processos que tinham por objeto a liberdade de imprensa. O trabalho também apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica da teoria brasileira sobre a liberdade de expressão do pensamento. Ao final, apontamos as possíveis influências da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos nas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, em especial, a primazia da liberdade de imprensa em relação aos demais direitos fundamentais.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000 Performance and institucional identity: the Electoral Tribunal in the 2000 electoral alternance

OpenAIRE

Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA; David H. CORROCHANO

2010-01-01

Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF) relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" ...

Unilateral temporal myositis heralding polymyositis: ultrasonographic and elastographic findings. Case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Damian, Laura; Botar Jid, Carolina; Rogojan, Liliana; Dinu, Cristian; Maniu, Alma; Fodor, Daniela; Rednic, Simona; Simon, Siao-Pin

2016-03-01

Temporal myositis is a rare inflammatory disease of the temporal muscle. We report a case of unilateral temporal myositis, in which a polymyositis was diagnosed two years thereafter. Although focal myositis may rarely herald polymyositis, isolated temporal myositis preceding inflammatory myopathies has not been described, to our knowledge. In the setting of a temporal pain and swelling, ultrasonography may help in diagnosis, biopsy guidance, disease extension, and progression assessment. Further studies are necessary to establish the role of elastography in differentiating between muscle inflammation and hypertrophy.

Engineering integrated photonics for heralded quantum gates

Science.gov (United States)

Meany, Thomas; Biggerstaff, Devon N.; Broome, Matthew A.; Fedrizzi, Alessandro; Delanty, Michael; Steel, M. J.; Gilchrist, Alexei; Marshall, Graham D.; White, Andrew G.; Withford, Michael J.

2016-06-01

Scaling up linear-optics quantum computing will require multi-photon gates which are compact, phase-stable, exhibit excellent quantum interference, and have success heralded by the detection of ancillary photons. We investigate the design, fabrication and characterisation of the optimal known gate scheme which meets these requirements: the Knill controlled-Z gate, implemented in integrated laser-written waveguide arrays. We show device performance to be less sensitive to phase variations in the circuit than to small deviations in the coupler reflectivity, which are expected given the tolerance values of the fabrication method. The mode fidelity is also shown to be less sensitive to reflectivity and phase errors than the process fidelity. Our best device achieves a fidelity of 0.931 ± 0.001 with the ideal 4 × 4 unitary circuit and a process fidelity of 0.680 ± 0.005 with the ideal computational-basis process.

Engineering integrated photonics for heralded quantum gates.

Science.gov (United States)

Meany, Thomas; Biggerstaff, Devon N; Broome, Matthew A; Fedrizzi, Alessandro; Delanty, Michael; Steel, M J; Gilchrist, Alexei; Marshall, Graham D; White, Andrew G; Withford, Michael J

2016-06-10

Scaling up linear-optics quantum computing will require multi-photon gates which are compact, phase-stable, exhibit excellent quantum interference, and have success heralded by the detection of ancillary photons. We investigate the design, fabrication and characterisation of the optimal known gate scheme which meets these requirements: the Knill controlled-Z gate, implemented in integrated laser-written waveguide arrays. We show device performance to be less sensitive to phase variations in the circuit than to small deviations in the coupler reflectivity, which are expected given the tolerance values of the fabrication method. The mode fidelity is also shown to be less sensitive to reflectivity and phase errors than the process fidelity. Our best device achieves a fidelity of 0.931 ± 0.001 with the ideal 4 × 4 unitary circuit and a process fidelity of 0.680 ± 0.005 with the ideal computational-basis process.

A informalidade como forma: os acordos no fazer judicial do Tribunal do Júri.

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Izabel Saenger Nuñez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo:  O presente paper trata dos acordos informais, entre defesa e acusação, que acontecem nos processos em trâmite no Tribunal do Júri. A análise desses mecanismos informais mostra como os processos são administrados e fala sobre a “sensibilidade jurídica” inquisitorial presente no “fazer judicial” brasileiro. Analisar os “acordos” informais e a maneira como eles se estabelecem mostra como as decisões formais no processo judicial são, muitas vezes, informadas por “valores morais” e “moralidades situacionais” em contexto e determinam a ação dos agentes no campo. Para sustentar meu argumento, portanto, parto da descrição de três “acordos” presenciados em audiências de instrução e julgamento e um caso de estupro, no qual não houve acordo, embora houvesse “convergência moral” quanto ao seu desfecho. Palavras-chave: Tribunal do Júri; Moralidades; Valores Morais; Interação  *** Resumen: Este artículo trata sobre los "acuerdos" informales entre defensa y acusación que ocurren en los casos en trámite en el Tribunal do Juri. El análisis de estos mecanismos informales da cuenta, en primer lugar, de la administración judcial de los casos y, en segundo lugar, de la presencia de la "sensiblidad jurídica" inquisitorial en el "hacer judicial" brasileño. Analizar los "acuerdos" informales y la forma como ellos se establecen muestra cómo las decisiones formales en el proceso judicial son, frecuentemente, informadas por "valores morales" y "moralidades situacionales" construídas en un contexto particular, las cuales determinan la acción de los agentes en el campo. Para dar cuenta de ello, describo tres "acuerdos" observados en audiencias de "instrucción" y "juicio" en un caso de violación, en el cual no hubo acuerdo consenso a pesar de existir "convergencia moral" en relación a su desenlace. Palabras clave: Tribunal do Juri, Moralidades situacionales, Valores morales, Interacción  *** Abstract

76 FR 46854 - Wausau Daily Herald, Advertising Production Division, a Subsidiary of Gannett Co., Inc.,Wausau...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-03

..., Advertising Production Division, a Subsidiary of Gannett Co., Inc.,Wausau, WI; Notice of Negative...) applicable to workers and former workers of Wausau Daily Herald, Advertising Production Division, a... the supply of graphic design services for newspaper advertisements. The initial investigation resulted...

The Victim, the International Criminal Court and the Search for Truth: on the Interdependence and Incompatibility of Truths about Mass Atrocity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stolk, S.

2015-01-01

In the debate on the place of victims in international criminal proceedings, the 'search for truth' takes centre stage as an important concern of victims, international criminal tribunals and the wider international community. However, the various claims about the importance of telling and receiving

Elementos de la soberanía y del tribunal penal internacional

OpenAIRE

Scalquette, Rodrigo Arnoni

2007-01-01

Com o título de Elementos da Soberania e do Tribunal Penal Internacional procuramos demonstrar a ligação e pontos conflitantes entre o poder soberano e a Corte Internacional Criminal. No capítulo I, abordamos o conceito de soberania e seu enfoque de concepção política, realizado por Jean Bodin. Vimos o Estado-Leviatã de Thomas Hobbes e a soberania inalienável e indivisível de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A relação entre Umberto Campagnolo e seu professor, Hans Kelsen, também foi abordada, nota...

Identidad institucional. El Tribunal Electoral ante las elecciones presidenciales de 2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David H. Corrochano

2001-01-01

En este artículo analizamos la identidad del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF en la coyuntura electoral del 2000, porque sirve como ejemplo de una institución sin identidad, que oscila entre evocaciones positivas y negativas, que se vio en una situación crítica (lo que podemos llamar un "escándalo institucional". La dificultad de la sociedad para diferenciar a esta institución de otras puso en peligro la estabilidad del sistema polÌtico mexicano y la confianza en el proceso de cambio democratizador.

The Permanent People’s Tribunals and indigenous people’s struggles in Mexico : Between coloniality and epistemic justice?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

R.A. Icaza Garza (Rosalba)

2015-01-01

markdownabstractOn 21 October 2011, hundreds of Mexican civil society organizations formally submitted a petition to the Lelio e Lisli Basso Foundation in Rome to justify the opening of a Mexican Chapter of the Permanent People’s Tribunals (PPT). The PPT was established in 1979 as the successor to

76 FR 17446 - Wausau Daily Herald Advertising Production Division, a Subsidiary of Gannett Co., Inc.; Wausau...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-29

... Advertising Production Division, a Subsidiary of Gannett Co., Inc.; Wausau, WI; Notice of Affirmative... workers of Wausau Daily Herald, Advertising Production Division, a subsidiary of Gannett Co., Inc., Wausau... Determination will soon be published in the Federal Register. The workers produce newspaper advertisements. The...

Toppling the Taliban: Air-Ground Operations in Afghanistan, October 2001-June 2002

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

al Qaeda training camps 17 Benjamin and Simon, 2002, p. 268. 18 Alan Cullison and Andrew Higgins , “A Once Stormy Terror Was Solidified by Cruise...December 11, 2001c. 23 Philip Smucker, “Dissent Grows in Caves of Tora Bora,” Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 2001a. 24 Chris Tomlinson, “U.S...Herald Tribune, December 11, 2001; Glasser, 2001c. 28 Chris Tomlinson, “Afghan Fighters Advance on Tora Bora,” Associated Press, December 11, 2001b

Trends in Cyber-Physical Multi-Agent Systems. The PAAMS Collection - 15th International Conference

OpenAIRE

Fernando De la Prieta; Zita Vale; Luis Antunes; Tiago Pinto; Andrew T. Campbell; Vicente Julián; Antonio J.R. Neves; María N. Moreno

2017-01-01

PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange...

International responsability of state by the deleterius effects of ionising radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faria, N.M. de.

1988-01-01

International Responsability of State, considering the deleterius effects of ionising radiation on the human being, property, territory and environment which are under other jurisdiction, is focused. Conventional rules, costumary rules, the evolution of ''opinion juris'' as well as the decisions of tribunals related to the subject are analysed. (author) [pt

O ESTUPRO ENQUANTO GENOCÍDIO NO TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL PARA RUANDA: UM ESTUDO DO CASO AKAYESU / RAPE AS GENOCIDE AT THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT FOR RWANDA: A STUDY OF AKAYESU CASE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Soares Lippi

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho pretendeu estudar o caso Akayesu, do Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda, sob uma perspectiva de gênero, mais especificamente a sua decisão, pioneira no Direito Internacional, de considerar que o estupro pode constituir genocídio. Pretendeu-se analisar quais são as implicações desse caso para o Direito Internacional e para as abordagens feministas do Direito, e se elas são adequadas para explicar esse fenômeno. O método escolhido foi o estudo de caso. Isto garante um estudo mais profundo da decisão. A fonte primária utilizada foi o julgado de primeiro grau do caso Akayesu. Além disso, empreendeu-se revisão bibliográfica não somente sobre o caso em tela, mas também sobre o crime de genocídio. Também se empreendeu mapeamento da opinião de autores feministas sobre o caso Akayesu e sobre o estupro enquanto genocídio, de forma a verificar se os conceitos utilizados por essas autoras dão conta de explicar esse fenômeno. Palavras-chave: Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda. Caso Akayesu. Gênero. Genocídio. Estupro.

Breve examen del Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia y de su proceso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fairén Guillén, Víctor

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Se me pide, de parte de mi compañero y amigo de la Academia, Dr José M" Castán Vázquez, que elabore un pequeño trabajo para la revista «Arbor» —a cuyas líneas tuve vedado el acceso por muchos años; mientras duró aquella ordenación y aquella Nomenklatura al frente del CSIC— ; por su director actual. Prof. Dr. PEDRO GARCÍA BARRENO, al que trato casi constantemente-, Y sobre el Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia, organismo jurídico jurisdiccional —pese a incluso enfurecidos adversarios— único, y admirado por todo el mundo, menos por quienes aspiran a transformar una de las huertas españolas mejor cuidadas, en una selva de hormigón.
Ahí van esas líneas, resumen de un libro que, a pie de obra, me costó más de 25 años de elaboración allá en Valencia, y sin ayuda práctica de nadie sino del referido Tribunal. Desafío a que las críticas que se me hagan, se funden en observaciones directas; y no enlatadas en «ordenadores» del terreno y de sus habitantes. No admito «realidades visuales», que no son sino ficciones inmerecidamente decoradas con ese equívoco nombre, lo que ya está dando sus frutos.

THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR BEST PRACTICES SHARING IN A DATABASE AT THE TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA PRIMEIRA REGIÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Mazo Santos de Miranda

2010-08-01

Full Text Available A quick, effective and powerful alternative for knowledge management is the systematic sharing of best practices. This study identified in the literature recommendations for structuring a best practices database and summarized the benefits of its deployment to the Tribunal Regional Federal da Primeira Região TRF - 1ª Região. A It was conducted a quantitative research was then carried out, with the distribuition of where questionnaires were distributed to federal judges of the TRF- 1ª Região, which was divided into 4 parts: magistrate profile, flow of knowledge / information, internal environment, organizational facilitator. As a result, we identified the need to have a best practices database in the Institution for the organizational knowledge identification, transfer and sharing. The conclusion presents recommendations for the development of the database and highlights its importance for knowledge management in an organization.

Applicable law in investor-state arbitration: the interplay between national and international law

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kjos, H.E.

2013-01-01

This book examines the law, national and/or international, that arbitral tribunals apply on the merits to settle disputes between foreign investors and host states. In light of the freedom that the disputing parties and the arbitrators have when designating the applicable law, and because of the

Internal and international commercial arbitration as a private form of law enforcement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergey Kurochkin

2017-01-01

Full Text Available УДК 347.918The subject. The issues of the arbitration’s place in the civil justice system as well as its place in a whole system of social governance in the scope of Russian arbitration reform.The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of internal and international commercial arbitration as a peculiar form of private law enforcement, as well as to present a doctrinal description of the arbitration’s role in law enforcement system and its managerial impact mechanism.Methodology. Research of general functions of law enforcement in social governance. Essential features of arbitration and basic foundations of civil litigation also have been compared.The results and the scope of its application. The results are both doctrinal and practical. Domestic and international commercial arbitration can be considered as a peculiar form of managerial impact, as a subsystem of civil justice subordinated to general patterns of the social governance. Arbitration is a special, private on its origin, form of managerial impact, whereas arbitration tribunal is an independent nongovernmental element of the social governance system. Despite the fact of its private origin arbitration is in full measure a law enforcement activity. Theoretical comparison of arbitration’s substance with civil litigation became a convincing proof of the existence of public elements in a private segment of civil justice system.Conclusions. Application of law by arbitration tribunals, both domestic and international, has the imperious character. Arbitration is a legal activity, private on its origin and to a great extent public by its essence. It embraces the expansion of general legal directions on individual social relationships by means of making arbitral awards which are law enforcement acts of individual character.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

OpenAIRE

Corrochano, David H.; Díaz-santana, Héctor

2001-01-01

In this article we want to analyse the work made by the "Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF)" and its relation, in its grade and identity, within the presidential elections on the July 2sd, 2000. Our hypothesis is that TEPJF had started an institutional blackmail, which put several doubts on the process, and could limit the democratic advances built until today but also generate a post electoral conflict with political instability consequences in the country. Ana...

Integrated-optics heralded controlled-NOT gate for polarization-encoded qubits

Science.gov (United States)

Zeuner, Jonas; Sharma, Aditya N.; Tillmann, Max; Heilmann, René; Gräfe, Markus; Moqanaki, Amir; Szameit, Alexander; Walther, Philip

2018-03-01

Recent progress in integrated-optics technology has made photonics a promising platform for quantum networks and quantum computation protocols. Integrated optical circuits are characterized by small device footprints and unrivalled intrinsic interferometric stability. Here, we take advantage of femtosecond-laser-written waveguides' ability to process polarization-encoded qubits and present an implementation of a heralded controlled-NOT gate on chip. We evaluate the gate performance in the computational basis and a superposition basis, showing that the gate can create polarization entanglement between two photons. Transmission through the integrated device is optimized using thermally expanded core fibers and adiabatically reduced mode-field diameters at the waveguide facets. This demonstration underlines the feasibility of integrated quantum gates for all-optical quantum networks and quantum repeaters.

Territorial disputes in international arbitration practice

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Tubić Bojan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the issue of territorial disputes settlement in international arbitrations. The arbitration represents an efficient way of determining state borders, together with diplomatic means of dispute resolution and procedure before the International Court of Justice. Parties in a dispute choose arbiters, rules of procedure and commit themselves to accept and implement arbitration award, which is based on international law. States can create an ad hoc tribunal or they can decide to resolve the dispute before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. In arbitration practice there were cases of successful arbitrations, especially in situations when a dispute was primarily factual and when major economic and political interests were not involved.

Spectrally pure heralded single photons by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a fiber: reducing impact of dispersion fluctuations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Koefoed, Jacob Gade; Friis, Søren Michael Mørk; Christensen, Jesper Bjerge

2017-01-01

We model the spectral quantum-mechanical purity of heralded single photons from a photon-pair source based on nondegenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing taking the impact of distributed dispersion fluctuations into account. The considered photon-pair-generation scheme utilizes pump-pulse walk...

Regulatory changes to renewable energy support schemes: An international investment law perspective

OpenAIRE

Paleckaite, Gintare

2014-01-01

Thesist analyzes how regulatory changes related to renewable energy investment support schemes can be perceived under international investment law standards and how possible decisions of international investment law tribunals could impact investment in this sector. This research is based on case studies of two states: Spain and the Czech Republic and claims against them. These cases will assist in analyzing the effects of the amendment/revocation of renewable energy support schemes. Answers t...

La Orden de Medidas Provisionales del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso del buque de guerra ARA Libertad

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Martin Cabrera Mirassou

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El presente comentario tiene por finalidad describir la reciente orden de medidas provisionales emitida por el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso relativo a la detención de la Fragata ARA Libertad. La controversia contiene un complejo trasfondo político, económico y jurídico, en el cual se destaca el alcance de la inmunidad de los buques de guerra, el funcionamiento del sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar y, en particular, la competencia del Tribunal. Con la finalidad de lograr un entendimiento más profundo de su jurisprudencia se abordan los principales aspectos que permitan comprender el valor de la decisión para los actores del régimen de los océanos.

The Unity of Application of International Law at the Global Level and the Responsibility of Judges

OpenAIRE

DUPUY, Pierre-Marie

2007-01-01

This article analyses the relationship between Courts and tribunals in the interpretation and application of international law. The goal here is of crucial importance: that of guaranteeing the unity of international law and avoid fragmentation. This relationship is considered at two levels. The first level is vertical: how do national courts perceive and react to international law? In an ideal approach, based on a federalist model, there would be an organic hierarchy insuring that nation...

Algunas consideraciones respecto del fallo del tribunal constitucional chileno relativo a la distribución de la “píldora del día después”

OpenAIRE

Juan Pablo Beca Frei

2009-01-01

En este artículo damos los fundamentos jurídicos de por qué resulta plenamente legítimo que el Tribunal Constitucional chileno se pronuncie sobre algunos aspectos de las Normas Chilenas sobre Fertilidad, en lo que concierne a la entrega de anticonceptivos de emergencia. En este fallo, el Tribunal Constitucional determinó que las normas contenidas en el Decreto Supremo Nº 48, de 26 de enero de 2007, del Ministerio de Salud son –desde el punto de vista jurídico– incompatibles con nuestras norma...

La discriminación racial en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos

OpenAIRE

Fernando Rey Martínez

2012-01-01

I. Introducción: ¿Qué significa la prohibición de discriminación según el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos?II. Escenarios de conflicto de la discriminación racial examinados en la jurisprudencia1. Agresiones racistas por agentes de la autoridad2. Agresiones racistas vecinales y deficiente tutela judicial posterior3. Expulsión de caravanas4. Segregación escolar5. Discriminación en frontera6. Discriminación racial e imparcialidad judicial en juicio por jurados7. Discurso racista y libertad ...

Expert Evidence and International Criminal Justice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Appazov, Artur

The book is a comprehensive narration of the use of expertise in international criminal trials offering reflection on standards concerning the quality and presentation of expert evidence. It analyzes and critiques the rules governing expert evidence in international criminal trials...... and the strategies employed by counsel and courts relying upon expert evidence and challenges that courts face determining its reliability. In particular, the author considers how the procedural and evidentiary architecture of international criminal courts and tribunals influences the courts' ability to meaningfully...... incorporate expert evidence into the rational fact-finding process. The book provides analysis of the unique properties of expert evidence as compared with other forms of evidence and the challenges that these properties present for fact-finding in international criminal trials. It draws conclusions about...

Multi-photon absorption limits to heralded single photon sources

Science.gov (United States)

Husko, Chad A.; Clark, Alex S.; Collins, Matthew J.; De Rossi, Alfredo; Combrié, Sylvain; Lehoucq, Gaëlle; Rey, Isabella H.; Krauss, Thomas F.; Xiong, Chunle; Eggleton, Benjamin J.

2013-01-01

Single photons are of paramount importance to future quantum technologies, including quantum communication and computation. Nonlinear photonic devices using parametric processes offer a straightforward route to generating photons, however additional nonlinear processes may come into play and interfere with these sources. Here we analyse spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) sources in the presence of multi-photon processes. We conduct experiments in silicon and gallium indium phosphide photonic crystal waveguides which display inherently different nonlinear absorption processes, namely two-photon (TPA) and three-photon absorption (ThPA), respectively. We develop a novel model capturing these diverse effects which is in excellent quantitative agreement with measurements of brightness, coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) and second-order correlation function g(2)(0), showing that TPA imposes an intrinsic limit on heralded single photon sources. We build on these observations to devise a new metric, the quantum utility (QMU), enabling further optimisation of single photon sources. PMID:24186400

Violence sexuelle et impunité en Asie du Sud | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Même si le recours répété au viol ne fait pas de doute, le tribunal international pour les crimes de guerre établi au Bangladesh en 2009 n'en a fait aucune ... IDRC has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of India that enables Canada to continue supporting important research in India.

Comentarios de jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema y el Tribunal Constitucional sobre derechos humanos de las personas migrantes durante el año 2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Godoy Araya

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objetivo comentar algunas sentencias de la Corte Suprema y del Tribunal Constitucional de Chile en materias de derecho de extranjería y derechos humanos de las personas migrantes. Para ello se estudian sentencias que han sido dictadas en casos tramitados por la Oficina Especializada en Derechos Humanos de la Corporación de Asistencia Judicial durante el año 2013, las cuales se comentan en relación a cinco ámbitos de análisis: 1 derecho a ingresar al territorio nacional; 2 expulsiones del país; 3 nacionalidad y apatridia; 4 privaciones de libertad de extranjeros en situación irregular y; 5 jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional.

Unethical conduct by the nurse: a critical discourse analysis of Nurses Tribunal inquiries.

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, Kathleen A

2013-08-01

The aim of this study was to uncover and critically examine hidden assumptions that underpin the findings of nurses' unethical conduct arising from inquiries conducted by the Nurses Tribunal in New South Wales. This was a qualitative study located within a post-structural theoretical framework. Transcripts of five inquiries conducted between 1998 and 2003 were analysed using critical discourse analysis. The findings revealed two dominant discourses that were drawn upon in the inquiries to construct nurses' conduct as unethical. These were discourses of trust and accountability. The way the nurses were spoken about during the inquiries was shaped by normalising judgements that were used to discursively position the nurse through narrative.

News from the Library: newspapers anyone? Try PressDisplay!

CERN Multimedia

CERN Library

2011-01-01

PressDisplay is an online portal where you can browse and read online articles from more than 1,900 newspapers from 95 countries, as soon as they are published. With Pressdisplay, the time when newspapers were nicely displayed on wooden rods in libraries has passed...   Le Monde, International Herald Tribune and many more titles are displayed in their original layout including text and images, and you can print and e-mail the articles you are interested in. You even have the possibility to create rss feeds, so that the news reaches you directly.   The CERN Library has now activated a trial version of PressDisplay valid till 31 December; it is open to everyone at CERN. This trial doesn't offer the possibility to create personalised alerts based on specific search criteria. In case you need such features - or if you have any comments or questions - please contact us.

News from the Library: Two new online services available at CERN: thank you for your feedback!

CERN Multimedia

CERN Library

2012-01-01

The Library has activated two different new online services, as a result of very successful trial periods and thanks to your positive feedback and strong support: PressDisplay and Nucleonica.   PressDisplay is an online portal where one can browse and read online articles from more than 1,900 newspapers from 95 countries, as soon as they are published. Le Monde, International Herald Tribune and many more titles are available in their original layout including text and images. Thanks to RSS feeds, users can directly receive news from their favorite newspapers, but articles can also be printed and sent via email. Based on the very positive feedback we got from the community, the CERN Library has activated a one-year subscription to PressDisplay, and a wealth of information is now available at everyone's fingertips at CERN. In addition to that, the latest Library news about Nucleonica, the nuclide and isotope database derived from the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, generated so much interest ...

Racismo ou injúria racial? Como o Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais se posiciona diante dos conflitos raciais

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Andrea Franco Lima e Silva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma análise dos acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais sobre os processos que tenham, como ponto central, práticas identificadas como racismo, discriminação ou preconceito de raça ou de cor. Com isso, buscamos responder às seguintes questões: que tipos de conflitos envolvendo raça ou cor são julgados, em segunda instância, pelo Tribunal; que atos, palavras e expressões estão presentes nesses casos; e quais são os argumentos utilizados e as estratégias discursivas empregadas pelos réus, pelos autores e pelos juízes na administração do conflito. Nossos resultados indicam que o sistema jurídico mineiro tende a descontextualizar expressões historicamente racistas, negando que a origem do conflito seja o preconceito racial, o que mantém a desigualdade característica de nossa sociedade.

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

OpenAIRE

David H. CORROCHANO; Héctor DÍAZ-SANTANA

2010-01-01

Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF) relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" ...

Análisis argumentativo de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional en el caso PUCP

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Felix Morales Luna

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Analizar la argumentación jurídica contenida en la sentencia recaída en el Expediente 03347-2009-PA/TC expedida por el Tribunal Constitucional del Perú el pasado 17 de marzo de 2010, y suscrita por cuatro magistrados, a propósito del recurso de agravio constitucional presentado por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú contra la sentencia de la Octava Sala Civil de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima en la controversia que mantiene contra el señor Walter Muñoz Cho

6 February 2012 - Supreme Audit Institutions from Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 5, CMS underground experimental area, CERN Control Centre and LHC superconducting magnet test hall. Delegations are throughout accompanied by Swiss P. Jenni, Polish T. Kurtyka, Spanish J. Salicio, Norwegian S. Stapnes and International Relations Adviser R. Voss. (Riksrevisjonen, Oslo; Tribunal de Cuentas , Madrid; the Court of Audit of Switzerland and Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli, Varsaw)

CERN Multimedia

Jean-Claude Gadmer

2012-01-01

6 February 2012 - Supreme Audit Institutions from Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 5, CMS underground experimental area, CERN Control Centre and LHC superconducting magnet test hall. Delegations are throughout accompanied by Swiss P. Jenni, Polish T. Kurtyka, Spanish J. Salicio, Norwegian S. Stapnes and International Relations Adviser R. Voss. (Riksrevisjonen, Oslo; Tribunal de Cuentas , Madrid; the Court of Audit of Switzerland and Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli, Varsaw)

El Tribunal de la Inquisición de Valladolid y el control de las ideas en la España del siglo XVIII

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Ángel de PRADO MOURA

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El tribunal inquisitorial de Valladolid, al igual que el resto de los tribunales que formaban el Santo Oficio español, mostró durante el siglo XVIII una especial preocupación por el control de las ideas, particularmente aquellas que quedaban reflejadas en obras manuscritas e impresas. Los inquisidores vallisoletanos se esforzaron para evitar que en su distrito penetraran las obras que tanto éxito estaban teniendo fuera de nuestras fronteras, pero la existencia de una fuerte demanda, probablemente por ubicarse en él las universidades de Valladolid y Salamanca, hizo que la censura no fuera tan eficaz como ellos hubieran querido. Tal como queda reflejado en este artículo, no se impidió, pero sí se dificultó la difusión de libros total o parcialmente prohibidos.ABSTRACT: The Tribunal of the Inquisition of Valladolid —similarly to the rest of the tribunals of the Spanish Holy Office— showed a special concern for the control of ideas, mostly those ideas expressed in manuscript and printed works. The Inquisitors of Valladolid took pains to avoid the entrance of texts that were succesful abroad, but the existence of an important demand —probably due to the foundation of the Universities of Valladolid and Salamanca— decreased the efficiency of the censorship they wanted to impose. This paper intends to show that the reading and commerce of completely or partially forbidden books was not prevented, but it was certainly hindered.

Les competències. La doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definició de les competències. Les competències exclusives, les compartides i les executives. - Las competencias. La doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definición de las competencias. Competencias exclusivas, compartidas y ejecutivas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramon Riu

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La doctrina de la Sentència 31/2010 sobre la definició estatutària de les categories competencials (251-257 Mercè Barceló i SerramaleraLa doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la definició de competències. Les competències exclusives, les compartides i les executives (258-261Antoni Bayona RocamoraLa doctrina de la Sentència 31/2010 sobre les competències executives (Xavier Bernadí GilLa doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definició de les competències. Les ompetències exclusives, les compartides i les executives (270-276Marc Carrillo LópezEls efectes de la Sentència sobre la definició estatutària de les competències: la «devaluació» jurídica dels estatuts d’autonomia (277-281Mercè Corretja TorrensLes categories funcionals de competències a l’Estatut d’autonomia de Catalunya. Comentaris a la Sentència 31/2010 (282-287Ramon Riu FortunyTipologia de les competències. El seu abast funcional: els articles 110 a 112 (288-294Joaquín Tornos Massostenella e no enmendalla (262-269 La doctrina de la Sentencia 31/2010 sobre la definición estatutaria de las categorías competenciales (251-257Mercè Barceló i SerramaleraLa doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la definición de competencias. Las competencias exclusivas, las compartidas y las ejecutivas (258-261Antoni Bayona RocamoraLa doctrina de la Sentencia 31/2010 sobre las competencias ejecutivas (sostenella e no enmendalla (262-270 Xavier Bernadí GilLa doctrina del Tribunal sobre la definición de las competencias. Las competencias exclusivas, las compartidas y las ejecutivas (271-277Marc Carrillo LópezLos efectos de la Sentencia sobre la definición estatutaria de las competencias:la «devaluación» jurídica de los estatutos de autonomía (278-283Mercè Corretja TorrensLas categorías funcionales de competencias en el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña. Comentarios a la Sentencia 31/2010 (284-289Ramon Riu FortunyTipología de las competencias. Su alcance

Late Holocene sea ice conditions in Herald Canyon, Chukchi Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Pearce, C.; O'Regan, M.; Rattray, J. E.; Hutchinson, D. K.; Cronin, T. M.; Gemery, L.; Barrientos, N.; Coxall, H.; Smittenberg, R.; Semiletov, I. P.; Jakobsson, M.

2017-12-01

Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been in steady decline in recent decades and, based on satellite data, the retreat is most pronounced in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Historical observations suggest that the recent changes were unprecedented during the last 150 years, but for a longer time perspective, we rely on the geological record. For this study, we analyzed sediment samples from two piston cores from Herald Canyon in the Chukchi Sea, collected during the 2014 SWERUS-C3 Arctic Ocean Expedition. The Herald Canyon is a local depression across the Chukchi Shelf, and acts as one of the main pathways for Pacific Water to the Arctic Ocean after entering through the narrow and shallow Bering Strait. The study site lies at the modern-day seasonal sea ice minimum edge, and is thus an ideal location for the reconstruction of past sea ice variability. Both sediment cores contain late Holocene deposits characterized by high sediment accumulation rates (100-300 cm/kyr). Core 2-PC1 from the shallow canyon flank (57 m water depth) is 8 meter long and extends back to 4200 cal yrs BP, while the upper 3 meters of Core 4-PC1 from the central canyon (120 mwd) cover the last 3000 years. The chronologies of the cores are based on radiocarbon dates and the 3.6 ka Aniakchak CFE II tephra, which is used as an absolute age marker to calculate the marine radiocarbon reservoir age. Analysis of biomarkers for sea ice and surface water productivity indicate stable sea ice conditions throughout the entire late Holocene, ending with an abrupt increase of phytoplankton sterols in the very top of both sediment sequences. The shift is accompanied by a sudden increase in coarse sediments (> 125 µm) and a minor change in δ13Corg. We interpret this transition in the top sediments as a community turnover in primary producers from sea ice to open water biota. Most importantly, our results indicate that the ongoing rapid ice retreat in the Chukchi Sea of recent decades was unprecedented during the

A (In Constitucionalidade da Súmula 385 Superior Tribunal de Justiça

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Valmir

2013-07-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo busca analisar, à luz do fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana e dos direitos e garantias fundamentais consagrados pela Constituição Federal de 1988, a constitucionalidade da Súmula 385, editada do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ. Este enunciado veda ao consumidor que possua pelo menos um registro legítimo em órgão de proteção crédito exigir judicialmente indenização por dano moral em face de posterior anotação, ainda esta última seja irregular. O método de abordagem utilizado nesta pesquisa é o dedutivo, de procedimento cientifico, com utilização de técnicas de pesquisas bibliográfica e jurisprudencial.

Is the international safety management code an organisational tool ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The birth of the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (hereinafter ISM Code) is said to a reaction to the sinking of the Herald of free Enterprise on 6th March 1987.The human element is said to be a generic term used to describe what makes humans behave the way ...

Como levar o Supremo Tribunal Federal a sério: sobre a suspensão de tutela antecipada n. 91 How to take the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Federal Supreme Court seriously: on the suspension of advance claim rights' concession n. 91

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Vera Karam de Chueiri

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo analisa a suspensão da tutela antecipada n. 91 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, sob a perspectiva da teoria de Ronald Dworkin, relativamente à compreensão da necessária adoção de uma postura crítico-construtiva (política pelo Poder Judiciário, especialmente pela jurisdição constitucional. Neste sentido, toda decisão proferida pela Corte em favor de um direito fundamental deve prevalecer, desde que fundamentada em argumentos de princípio e que seja coerente com o sistema constitucional. Daí a idéia de que existem respostas certas no direito e que estas são melhores do que as que oferece tanto o convencionalismo jurídico, quanto o pragmatismo jurídico. A questão que se coloca é acerca da legitimidade da Corte, leia-se do Supremo Tribunal Federal, para ter a última palavra sobre as decisões (políticas do executivo e do legislativo, especialmente em relação às políticas públicas de governo por eles promovidas.This article aims at analyzing the suspension by Brazilian Federal Supreme Court of the suspension of advance claim rights' concession n. 91 under the perspective of Ronald Dworkin's theory, concerning the understanding that it is necessary for judiciary power to have a critical and construtive (political attitude in order to decide, especially for constitutional courts. In this sense, every decision rendered by the court in favor of a fundamental right must prevail, once it is founded on arguments of principle and it is coherent with the constitutional system. There, it follows the idea that there are right answers in law and that these are better than those offered by legal conventionalism or legal pragmatism. Then, ir also follows the question about the legitimacy of the court, that is, does the Supremo Tribunal Federal should have the last word on decisions of the executive and legislative powers, especially concerning their public policies?

Heralded entangling quantum gate via cavity-assisted photon scattering

Science.gov (United States)

Borges, Halyne S.; Rossatto, Daniel Z.; Luiz, Fabrício S.; Villas-Boas, Celso J.

2018-01-01

We theoretically investigate the generation of heralded entanglement between two identical atoms via cavity-assisted photon scattering in two different configurations, namely, either both atoms confined in the same cavity or trapped into locally separated ones. Our protocols are given by a very simple and elegant single-step process, the key mechanism of which is a controlled-phase-flip gate implemented by impinging a single photon on single-sided cavities. In particular, when the atoms are localized in remote cavities, we introduce a single-step parallel quantum circuit instead of the serial process extensively adopted in the literature. We also show that such parallel circuit can be straightforwardly applied to entangle two macroscopic clouds of atoms. Both protocols proposed here predict a high entanglement degree with a success probability close to unity for state-of-the-art parameters. Among other applications, our proposal and its extension to multiple atom-cavity systems step toward a suitable route for quantum networking, in particular for quantum state transfer, quantum teleportation, and nonlocal quantum memory.

Saúde suplementar no Distrito Federal: o que pensa o Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios.

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Sandra Mara CAMPOS ALVES

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa procurou avaliar o entendimento do Poder Judiciário no enfrentamento de demandas envolvendo a assistência à saúde suplementar, através da análise de decisões judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios – TJDFT. A pesquisa coletou e analisou as decisões judiciais de 2ª instância proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios, publicadas no período de 2009 a 2011. Observou-se que a regulamentação expedida pela ANS não encontra eco nas decisões judiciais, sendo as decisões fundamentadas prioritariamente com base no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, Código de Processo Civil, e outros textos legais. Concluiu-se que o Poder Judiciário vem se mostrando atento à defesa do direito à saúde, na dimensão da saúde suplementar.

The precautionary principle in international environmental law and international jurisprudence

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Tubić Bojan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analysis international regulation of the precautionary principle as one of environmental principles. This principle envisages that when there are threats of serious and irreparable harm, as a consequence of certain economic activity, the lack of scientific evidence and full certainty cannot be used as a reason for postponing efficient measures for preventing environmental harm. From economic point of view, the application of precautionary principle is problematic, because it creates larger responsibility for those who create possible risks, comparing to the previous period. The precautionary principle can be found in numerous international treaties in this field, which regulate it in a very similar manner. There is no consensus in doctrine whether this principle has reached the level of international customary law, because it was interpreted differently and it was not accepted by large number of countries in their national legislations. It represents a developing concept which is consisted of changing positions on adequate roles of science, economy, politics and law in the field of environmental protection. This principle has been discussed in several cases before International Court of Justice and International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.

Interface of the Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duty Laws, Administrative Tribunal and Economic Analysis: the Injury and Causality Tests in Canada

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O. Yul Kwon

1998-09-01

Full Text Available In the consequence analyzing methods which are frequently used by the Canadian administrative tribunal, there are dualistic approximation method which uses the trend analysis and unitary approximation method which uses economic analysis. The disadvantage of the dualistic approximation method is that it cannot separate the effect out of dumping and the effect of dumping. In the contrary, the unitary approximation method includes methods like the countable partial equipoise model and computation model which could overcome the similar question. This thesis made comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the above two economic analysis by way of analyzing the Canadian case used in the damage arbitration process. And found that both the two methods could enhance the objectivity, transparency and fairness in the damage arbitration, meanwhile, the countable partial equipoise model is more practical under the restriction of time and resources. Especially, this thesis definitely brought forward the conjunction between the trade regulation and the economic analysis in the process of the damage arbitration of the Canadian administrative tribunal.

El principio ne bis in idem en Europa : el tribunal de justicia y los derechos fundamentales en el espacio judicial europeo

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vervaele, J.A.E.

2005-01-01

Durante años el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas (TJCE) ha elaborado una serie completa de principios generales del Derecho comunitario, también en el área del Derecho penal y del Derecho procesal penal. Con la entrada en vigor de la cooperación en los ámbitos de la Justicia y de los

Judiciário e Política no Brasil Contemporâneo: Um Retrato do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir da Cobertura do Jornal Folha de S. Paulo

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Fabiana Luci de Oliveira

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é discutir a visibilidade do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF, qualificando-a a partir da cobertura da grande imprensa. Buscamos descrever como o jornal Folha de S. Paulo (FSP retratou a atuação do Supremo no período de 1999-2014, enfocando o tipo de cobertura predominante (política ou jurídica, os temas de maior recorrência no enquadramento da instituição, e os fatores que determinam a cobertura. Verificamos em que medida essa cobertura acompanha as ações efetivas do tribunal, examinando quais decisões viraram notícia. Para isso, trabalhamos com a análise de conteúdo de 6.271 notícias. A partir desses dados problematizamos a construção da imagem pública do tribunal e a forma pela qual a mídia vem posicionando a instituição no sistema político brasileiro. Concluímos que a FSP construiu uma imagem eminentemente política do STF, com sua cobertura exacerbando a personalização da instituição, o perfil individual dos seus ministros, e enfatizando excessivamente os casos de judicialização anticorrupção.

Model(ing) Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlson, Kerstin

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was the first and most celebrated of a wave of international criminal tribunals (ICTs) built in the 1990s designed to advance liberalism through international criminal law. Model(ing) Justice examines the case law of the ICTY...

Trying Hissene Habre On Behalf of Africa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlson, Kerstin

2018-01-01

International criminal law is experiencing a time of uncertainty and flux. There is increasing doubt surrounding where the international criminal justice project is heading. The contributions in this multi-disciplinary volume take stock of the situation and explore ways in which the validity of i...... law; improving certain processes and procedures of international criminal tribunals; improving relationships between international criminal tribunals and other organisations; and building trust between international criminal tribunals and African states.......International criminal law is experiencing a time of uncertainty and flux. There is increasing doubt surrounding where the international criminal justice project is heading. The contributions in this multi-disciplinary volume take stock of the situation and explore ways in which the validity...

Complicity in International Criminal Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aksenova, Marina

2014-01-01

Complicity is a criminal law doctrine that attributes responsibility to those who do not physically perpetrate the crime. It is an essential mode of liability for core international crimes because it reaches out to senior political and military leadership. These persons do not usually engage...... in direct offending, yet in the context of mass atrocities they are often more culpable than foot soldiers. The Statutes of the ad hoc tribunals, hybrid courts and the International Criminal Court expressly provide for different forms of complicity, and domestic legal systems recognize it in one form...... or another. This is in contrast with alternative modes of liability implied from the Statutes to address the situations with multiple accused removed from the scene of the crime / (in)direct co-perpetration, extended perpetration and the joint criminal enterprise....

JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: CONFLITOS E TENSÕES ENTRE O SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL E O PODER LEGISLATIVO -- CONSTITUTIONAL JURISDICTION: CONFLICTS AND TENSIONS BETWEEN THE SUPREME DEFERAL COURT AND THE LEGISLATIVE NATIONAL POWER

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Anna Candida da Cunha Ferraz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Conflitos e tensões permeiam a jurisdição constitucional no Brasil. Em organização estatal fundada na separação de poderes, que é disciplinada de modo expresso e, por vezes, taxativo na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, e que tem como guardião o Supremo Tribunal Federal, um dos poderes constituídos, conflitos entre poderes são possíveis ou mesmo inevitáveis. Vários exemplos demonstram essa realidade. Neste artigo alguns exemplos de conflitos entre o Supremo Tribunal Federal e o Poder Legislativo são examinados em razão do nível da polêmica que suscitam e por envolverem sério questionamento sobre a força normativa da Constituição brasileira. Palavras-chave: Conflitos entre Poderes. Tensões na Jurisdição Constitucional. Poder Legislativo. Supremo Tribunal Federal. Força normativa da Constituição.

Laverne A. Jacobs & Justice Anne L. Mactavish, eds., Dialogue Between Court And Tribunals – Essays In Administrative Law And Justice (2001- 2007

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Gerald P. Heckman

2009-10-01

Full Text Available “Dialogue between Courts and Tribunals,” a title that could describe the interplay between judges and decision-makers in the context of the judicial review of administrative decisions, in fact refers to a series of annual roundtables organized by the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice [CIAJ].

THE CASE OF GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE v LOUIS KAREL FICK: A FIRST STEP TOWARDS DEVELOPING A DOCTRINE ON THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL JUDGEMENTS WITHIN THE DOMESTIC LEGAL ORDER

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Erika de Wet

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The Fick case which was decided by the Constitutional Court on 27 June 2013 was the first time since its inception that the Constitutional Court was confronted with the status of a binding international decision within the domestic legal order. It concerned a binding decision by the (now suspended Southern African Development Community (SADC Tribunal against Zimbabwe, which was also enforceable in South Africa. A key issue before the Court was whether or not the South African statutory rules of civil procedure for the enforcement of foreign judgments also covered judgments of international courts and tribunals (as anticipated by Article 32(1 of the Protocol on the SADC Tribunal. As none of the relevant statutory legislation was applicable in this instance, the common law remained the only possible avenue through which the SADC Tribunal’s decision could be enforced in South Africa. At the time of the decision, the common law on the enforcement of civil judgments had developed only to a point where it provided for the execution of judgments made by domestic courts of a foreign state (ie decisions of other national courts. The Court was therefore confronted with whether or not an international decision in the form of a cost order of the SADC Tribunal amounted to a “foreign judgment” as recognized by the South African common law. The Court answered this question in the affirmative by relying on those clauses in the Constitution that committed South Africa to the rule of law, as well as its obligations under international law, and to an international-law friendly interpretation of domestic law. Although the decision is to be welcomed and applied the law correctly to the facts of the case, it does raise the issue of the wisdom of equating international judgments with foreign judgments on a more general scale. This relates to the fact that it is generally accepted in most jurisdictions that the recognition and enforcement of a �

For a strong international public service

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2012-01-01

The importance of international organizations in Europe The numerous international and European organizations based in Europe employ together many tens of thousands of international and European civil servants. The members of personnel of these organizations are subject to various legal regimes and have to appeal against administrative decisions before different administrative tribunals (e.g., ILOAT, UNAT, EUCST, OECDAT). CERN being one of the larger European organizations, it is important that we stay abreast of the latest developments in this area. Therefore, the Staff Association sent two representatives to a colloquium “New developments in the legal protection of international and European civil servants”, held in Luxembourg the 1st and 2nd of April 2011.  This is not the place to review in detail the different aspects of the recent evolution in the various legal systems, which were presented there (the proceedings can be consulted in the Secretariat of the Staff Associatio...

The Entangled Sovereignties of Air Police: Mapping the Boundary of the International and the Imperial

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Munro, Campbell Alexander Omoluaye

2015-01-01

The contemporary proliferation of drones and other forms of aerial interventions herald the (re)emergence of air policing as the principal modality for the fabrication of order in the global periphery. Air policing is predomi- nantly framed by international legal analysis as merely ‘killing from...

General Principles and Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG – Uniformity under an Interpretation Umbrella?

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Laura Lassila

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Globalization and digitalization of international sales creates needs to harmonize rules of international commercial contracts. The question is whether the harmonization should be done by binding rules or using soft law tools or through digitalization. In this article I argue on favor of harmonization through international contracts law rules’ international interpretation.The international interpretation principles used in this article are found from on Art. 7(1 of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG which sets three interpretation rules: international character; promoting uniformity; and observance of good faith in international trade. These principles are not only principles of the CISG, but also principles commonly recognized in international commercial practice and also in domestic contract rules. I argue that by adopting an international interpretation umbrella – the meta-principle of international interpretation, cross-border contracts could be interpreted under the same principle no matter applicable substantial law. The meta-principle functions as an interpretation umbrella covering general principles and Articles of the CISG, general principles of international commercial contracts, Lex Mercatoria, and cross-border contract provision under national law.The outcomes points out that arbitral tribunals have interpreted general principles of the CISG and Lex Mercatoria in various ways. General principles and their application in case law is analyzed in connection with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Tribunals found that general principles of the CISG are applicable even if the CISG is not. It follows Art.’s 7(2 logic to promote international standard to cross-border contracts where the closes connection is international commercial practice rather than any national jurisdiction.

De las aulas universitarias a la toga: la trayectoria académica de los ministros del Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileño (1988-2013

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Rafael Mafei Rabelo Queiroz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available A través del estudio de las trayectorias académicas de los ministros de Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil y mediante la inclusión del requisito del “notorio saber jurídico”, impuesto por la Constitución de 1988 a todos los miembros de la corte, este artículo pretende desvelar patrones o criterios, hoy poco claros, de lo que en la práctica ha sido considerada una trayectoria de vida sobresaliente de los ministros elegidos, y su mayor o menor relación con el pasado académico de los magistrados. De tal forma se propone adentrarse en el interrogante sobre cómo los cambios en el mercado jurídico de las últimas décadas han impactado en la forma en que se han provisto los cargos de magistrados en este tribunal.

DERECHOS HUMANOS Y JURISPRUDENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL 1981 - 1989:: EL PLURALISMO POLÍTICO E IDEOLÓGICO EN CHILE

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Francisco Zúñiga Urbina

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La ponencia se refiere a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional en el período 1981-1989 con especial análisis de las sentencias referentes a los contenidos de los derechos de libertad de conciencia, libertad de opinión y derechos políticos.This paper deals with the opinions of the Chilean Constitutional Court in the period 1981-1989, with emphasis on the decisions handed out on matters of freedom of conscience, free speech, and political rights.

El principio ne bis in idem en Europa. El Tribunal de Justicia y los derechos fundamentales en el espacio judicial europeo, IUSTEL

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vervaele, J.A.E.

2004-01-01

Durante años el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas (TJCE) ha elaborado una serie completa de principios generales del Derecho comunitario, también en el área del Derecho penal y del Derecho procesal penal. Con la entrada en vigor de la cooperación en los ámbitos de la Justicia y de los

Algunas consideraciones respecto del fallo del tribunal constitucional chileno relativo a la distribución de la “píldora del día después”

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Juan Pablo Beca Frei

2009-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo damos los fundamentos jurídicos de por qué resulta plenamente legítimo que el Tribunal Constitucional chileno se pronuncie sobre algunos aspectos de las Normas Chilenas sobre Fertilidad, en lo que concierne a la entrega de anticonceptivos de emergencia. En este fallo, el Tribunal Constitucional determinó que las normas contenidas en el Decreto Supremo Nº 48, de 26 de enero de 2007, del Ministerio de Salud son –desde el punto de vista jurídico– incompatibles con nuestras normas constitucionales. El segundo aspecto que analizamos desde el punto de vista jurídico es a quién corresponde el peso de la prueba. A nuestro parecer, lo que se prueba en cualquier juicio son hechos positivos, no hechos negativos, y quien debe probar es quien alega la ocurrencia de estos hechos. En consecuencia, consideramos que el Tribunal Constitucional debió haber exigido que los recurrentes probaran que el levonorgestrel impide el implante o anidación de un óvulo fecundado y no exigir al recurrido probar un hecho negativo, cual es que el mencionado producto no impide esta anidación. Reflexionamos además sobre ciertas imprecisiones del fallo, como aquellas relacionadas con el comienzo de la vida humana y la constitucionalidad de la consejería a menores.

The privileges and immunities of international organizations in domestic courts

CERN Document Server

2013-01-01

International organizations are increasingly operating across borders and engaging in legal transactions in virtually all jurisdictions. This makes, familiarity with the applicable law and practice imperative for both international organizations and those who engage in legal relations with them. Furthermore, the issue of whether, how, and to what extent domestic courts take into account decisions of foreign and international courts and tribunals in their own decision-making has become increasingly important in recent years. This book provides a comprehensive empirical study of this transnational judicial dialogue, focusing on the law and practice of domestic jurisdictions concerning the legal personality, privileges, and immunities of international organizations. It presents a selection of detailed country-by-country studies, examining the manner of judicial dialogue across domestic jurisdictions, and between national and international courts. The approach taken in this book intersects with three highly topi...

MERCOSUR ambiental. El aporte del Laudo 1/2012 del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión

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Alberto Cesar Moreira

2014-03-01

Full Text Available El trabajo reflexiona acerca de la dimensión ambiental del MERCOSUR, identificando los desarrollos institucionales y normativos más significativos e intentando desentrañar algunas de las causas que dificultan su consolidación. En ese orden de ideas, destaca la escasa utilización que los Estados han hecho del sistema de solución de controversias de este esquema y pone de resalto el aporte del laudo 1/2012 del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión, ya que al resolver sobre su competencia en razón de la materia, reconoce y acompaña a las distintas dimensiones que el MERCOSUR ha ido desarrollado, entre ellas la ambiental.

Psychiatric presentations heralding Hashimoto's encephalopathy: A systematic review and analysis of cases reported in literature

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Vikas Menon

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE may often present initially with psychiatric symptoms. These presentations are often variable in clinical aspects, and there has been no systematic analysis of the numerous psychiatric presentations heralding an eventual diagnosis of HE which will guide clinicians to make a correct diagnosis of HE. This systematic review was done to analyze the demographic characteristics, symptom typology, and clinical and treatment variables associated with such forerunner presentations. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify potential case reports that described initial psychiatric presentations of HE in English language peer-reviewed journals. The generated articles were evaluated and relevant data were extracted using a structured tool. We identified a total of forty articles that described 46 cases. More than half of the total samples (54.4% were above the age of 50 years at presentation. The most common psychiatric diagnosis heralding HE was acute psychosis (26.1% followed by depressive disorders (23.9%. Dementia (10.9% and schizophrenia (2.2% were uncommon presentations. Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies were elevated in all patients but not antithyroglobulin antibodies. Preexisting hypothyroidism was absent in majority of cases (60.9%. Steroid doses initiated were 500–1000 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone for majority (52.1% of patients while oral steroid maintenance was required for a significant minority (39.1%. Psychiatric manifestations of HE may be heterogeneous and require a high index of clinical suspicion, especially in older adults. A range of clinical and treatment variables may assist clinicians in making a faster diagnosis and instituting prompt and effective management.

Los negros esclavos y el Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición en Lima y en Cartagena de Indias (1570-1650)

OpenAIRE

Rosas Navarro, Ruth

2009-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Educación. Mención en Historia)--Universidad de Piura. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 2009. Texto: Introducción. Cap. I: La Inquisición en Europa y en América. Cap. II: La esclavitud negra en el siglo XVI y su relación con el Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición. Conclusiones. Referencias bibliográficas. Anexos.

Experiences that Count: A Comparative Study of the ICTY and SCSL in Shaping the Image of Justice

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Kristin Xueqin Wu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The legitimacy of international criminal trials is not automatic: it is conditional upon endorsement by local communities. If the very communities involved do not 'feel' a sense of justice, these trials would not only contribute little to the post-conflict peace process, but also create a backlash against these international courts and tribunals, tarnishing the image of international criminal justice. Despite its critical importance, this image management process is still at the stage of trial and error. The first outreach programme, established by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY, has been fighting a losing battle against the Tribunal's poor image in the former Yugoslavia region. In contrast, the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL has been highly praised for promoting a holistic experience of 'just'. What causes these differences, and what could be learnt from them? After comparing the various undertakings by these two ad-hoc tribunals - in terms of outreach strategies, press strategies and resource management - this paper draws three lessons for the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC: gaining acceptance, smoothing communication and boosting judicial efficiency.

What the Rule of Law Should Mean in Civics Education: From the "Following Orders" Defence to the Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Minow, Martha

2006-01-01

Sixty years after the International Military Tribunal opened in Nuremberg to try "major war criminals", how should soldiers learn not to follow clearly illegal or unconscionable orders? Following the Charter of the International Military Tribunal, judges during the Nuremberg Trials rejected defendants' efforts to avoid punishment on the basis of…

Author: MR Phooko NO LONGER IN SUSPENSE: CLARIFYING THE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1991-01-07

Jan 7, 1991 ... Tribunal3 (the SADC Tribunal), the Economic Community of West ... understand why I spent a lot of time in the study room at home ... Viljoen International Human Rights Law 488, 495-496. 3 .... The constitution or treaty establishing an international organisation indicates the ...... World Trade Appellate Body.

La Protección de bienes culturales en el Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia

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Marina Lostal Becerril

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Since the outbreak of the Balkan war, three major events have taken place in what regards the protection of cultural property in armed conflict: the adoption of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia which gives this court jurisdiction to try crimes against cultural and religious property; the approval of the Second Protocol to confirm and upgrade the obligations of the "1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict"; and, finally, the "2003 UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage" motivated by the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan in 2001. While the latter two instruments have been exhaustively examined in scholarly literature, no updated study of the ICTY case-law exists yet. In this paper I go through all such cases and underline the following idea: the interpretation of ICTY has given rise to an involution and an evolution vis-à-vis the treaty law for the protection of cultural property in armed conflict; as well as to a doctrinal revolution by linking the destruction of cultural and religious property to the crimes of persecution and genocide. Since the interpretation of the ICTY largely diverges from the treatment afforded to cultural property in treaty law, I conclude that the protection of cultural property in armed conflict has by now a double life: one conventional and one jurisprudential

International criminal justice : prevention as peacebuilding : the impact of international criminal tribunals on peacebuilding in post-atrocity societies

OpenAIRE

Njálsson, Steingrimur

2005-01-01

Since the end the cold war new pattern of armed conflict is that of ferocious intrastate war. In the 90s several longstanding, protracted conflicts turned violent. Two of the worst examples were the wars in former Yugoslavia and the genocide and the ensuing civil war in Rwanda. besides the paradigm of "peacebuilding" a main repons to this trend by the international community was a legalistic one. Consequently, international law and justice has made greater progress than ever before in recorde...

El derecho fundamental a la libertad física: reflexiones a partir de la Constitución, el Código Procesal Penal y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional

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Luis Alberto Huerta Guerrero

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El autor analiza lo dispuesto en la Constitución Política de 1993, así como en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano, incluyendo algunos artículos del Código Procesal Penal de 1991 del 2004.

La creación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica en 1949: sus antecedentes y significado en la institucionalidad nacional

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Carolina Mora Chinchilla

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La administración de los procesos electorales en Costa Rica, sufrió desde el siglo XIX, un largo y lento proceso de sucesivas reformas que se analizarán en este trabajo, con el fin de comprender la estructuración de un modelo político-electoral que tiene a la democracia como norte, al menos en su discurso, pero que no la alcanza, en su modalidad electoral, hasta después de 1949, cuando a raíz de la creación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, se logró finalmente separar, por completo al Poder Ejecutivo de los procesos electorales y se alcanza la pureza del sufragio. Para comprender el desarrollo de un modelo electoral como el costarricense, se hace necesaria la sistematización de las diversas reformas que tomaron muchos años en perfeccionarse, hasta llegar a lo que se tiene en la actualidad, modelo que sigue en constante estudio y transformación. Los resultados de este cambio, serán observados a la luz de los sesenta años del nacimiento del Tribunal, institución emblemática de Costa Rica, después de 1949

Desempeño e identidad institucional: el tribunal electoral en la alternancia del 2000

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David H. CORROCHANO

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Analizamos el desempeño del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF relacionándolo con su grado y tipo de identidad en la coyuntura de las elecciones presidenciales del 2 de julio del 2000. Para ello partimos de la premisa que las instituciones no sólo deben tener un buen desempeño, sino que éste debe ser trasmitido ante la ciudadanía. Nuestra hipótesis es que el TEPJF tuvo un buen desempeño pero carecía de identidad lo que facilitó la puesta en marcha de un "chantaje" institucional que marcó la incertidumbre del proceso, pudo limitar los avances democratizadores construidos hasta la fecha, y generar un conflicto postelectoral con consecuencias para la estabilidad política del país.

10th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems

CERN Document Server

Pérez, Javier; Golinska, Paulina; Giroux, Sylvain; Corchuelo, Rafael; Trends in Practical Applications of Agents and Multiagent Systems

2012-01-01

PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange their experience in the development of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.   This volume presents the papers that have been accepted for the 2012 in the workshops: Workshop on Agents for Ambient Assisted Living, Workshop on Agent-Based Solutions for Manufacturing and Supply Chain and Workshop on Agents and Multi-agent systems for Enterprise Integration.

Una encrucijada judicial y una reforma legal por hacer: problemas jurídicos de la gestación por sustitución en España. A propósito del auto del Tribunal Supremo de 2 de febrero de 2015

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ANTONIA DURÁN AYAGO

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The Supreme Court has stated in its order of February 2, 2015 why it considers that its judgment of February 2014 which determines that it is not possible to access the Spanish Civil Registry the certificates of birth of two children, sons of Spaniards, born in the United States through surrogacy arrangements on the grounds that are contrary to Spanish international public order, it does not conflict with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in this area, mainly due to the different scope that the prohibition of surrogacy arrangements in France and Spain. El Tribunal Supremo ha precisado en su auto de 2 de febrero de 2015 por qué considera que su sentencia de febrero de 2014, en la que determina que no es posible que accedan al Registro Civil español las actas registrales de nacimiento de dos menores, hijos de españoles, nacidos en Estados Unidos mediante gestación por sustitución por contrariar el orden público internacional español, no se contrapone con la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en esta materia, principalmente por el distinto alcance que tiene la prohibición de la gestación por sustitución en Francia y en España.

Los conflictos entre libertades económicas yderechos fundamentales en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de laUnión Europea

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Joaquín Sarrión Esteve

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Como es sabido, la protección de los derechos fundamentales ha cambiado mucho en la Unión Europea. En un primer momento, los Tratados constitutivos de las Comunidades Europeas guardaban silencio sobre la protección de los derechos humanos, y fue el Tribunal de Justicia el que la hizo posible. A diferencia de los derechos fundamentales, las libertades económicas han gozado siempre de una relevancia explícita en los Tratados como instrumentos al servicio de la realización del mercado y de la integración económica. Sin embargo, los derechos fundamentales han ganado importancia con los años, tanto en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justica como en el Derecho de la Unión Europea. Y finalmente han comenzado a colisionar con las libertades económicas. Realmente, existen dos tipos de relación entre libertades económicas y derechos fundamentales: una positiva en la que los derechos fundamentales sirven para proteger a las libertades económicas; y una negativa con situaciones de conflicto entre libertades económicas y derechos fundamentales que debe ponderar el Tribunal de Justicia. En el primer tipo de relación, los casos más representativos comienzan con Elliniki (1991 y continúan con Carpenter (2002 y Karner (2004. En estas sentencias, el Tribunal de Justicia establece que los Estados miembros deben respetar los derechos fundamentales no sólo cuando aplican el Derecho comunitario, sino también cuando pretenden establecer una excepción a las obligaciones derivadas del Tratado. En este sentido, una medida restrictiva de una libertad económica no solamente debe estar justificada, sino que también debe respetar los derechos fundamentales como principios generales del Derecho comunitario. En cualquier caso, una relación de sinergia positiva no plantea problemas para la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Es en los casos de conflicto como Schmidberger (2003, Omega (2004, Viking (2007, o Laval (2007, donde podemos encontrar

Model(ing) Law: The ICTY, the International Criminal Justice Template, and Reconciliation in the Former Yugoslavia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlson, Kerstin Bree

2013-01-01

My project uses the case study of the ICTY and reconciliation in the Balkans to address the larger topic of the capacity of international criminal tribunals (ICTs) as transitional justice mechanisms. I argue that the ICTY operates under the (flawed) received wisdom of the IMT at Nuremberg, what I...... term the international criminal justice template. This template accords three transitional justice functions for ICTs beyond (and in conjunction with) their central judicial aim of adjudicating cases: as (1) articulators of progressive criminal law (2) historians and (3) reconcilers or storytellers. My...... and the development of international law and society studies, in order to better theorize and understand the structural and theoretical constraints governing the establishment of legitimacy for international criminal courts....

Joint Criminal Enterprise: The ICTY’s Contentious Addition to International Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlson, Kerstin Bree

2008-01-01

The ICTY does not merely represent a historical stage in the development of international criminal justice which can now be put aside and left to legal historians. It also has a lasting impact, due to the fact that its Rules of Procedure and Evidence are judge-made law, tested in the fire of court...... practice and frequently amended to take the latest developments into account. Finally, with the arrest of Slobodan Karadžić, a new chapter has been opened for the Court. This volume thus provides not only an account of all the debates revolving around the proper role of international criminal justice...... and a contribution to the developing academic discipline of “transitional justice”; it also opens up a perspective to the International Criminal Court and asks what procedural legacy the ad hoc tribunals for Yugoslavia and Ruanda provide for the future of international criminal procedure....

A atuação normativa do supremo Tribunal Federal : limites de intervenção no poder legislativo

OpenAIRE

Martins, Ana Cristina de Holanda

2013-01-01

A presente dissertação trata da atuação normativa do Supremo Tribunal Federal em face dos limites de intervenção no Poder Legislativo. Nela, destacamos o tratamento dado à Suprema Corte, desde a primeira Carta Constitucional brasileira, a Constituição Imperial de 1824, à atual Carta Republicana, de 1988, passando por momentos de autoritarismo e até de supressão de direitos constitucionais. Investigamos o pensamento dos dois maiores teóricos sobre a questão de competência sobre o guardião da C...

Obtaining better performance in the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with heralded single-photon sources

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Xing-Yu; Zhang, Chun-Hui; Zhang, Chun-Mei; Wang, Qin

2017-11-01

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) has been widely investigated due to its remarkable advantages on the achievable transmission distance and practical security. However, the relative low key generation rate limits its real-life implementations. In this work, we adopt the newly proposed four-intensity decoy-state scheme [Phys. Rev. A 93, 042324 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.042324] to study the performance of MDI-QKD with heralded single-photon sources (HSPS). Corresponding simulation results demonstrate that the four-intensity decoy-state scheme combining HSPS can drastically improve both the key generation rate and transmission distance in MDI-QKD, which may be very promising in future MDI-QKD systems.

The Prosecution of Human Traffickers? : A Comparative Analysis of Enslavement Judgments Among International Courts and Tribunals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Siller, Nicole

2015-01-01

Despite its international construction and codification, the criminal offense of ‘trafficking in persons’ is absent from the statutes of international judicial institutions. Does this result in the inability to hold those who engage in the traffic of human beings accountable under international

Heralded creation of photonic qudits from parametric down-conversion using linear optics

Science.gov (United States)

Yoshikawa, Jun-ichi; Bergmann, Marcel; van Loock, Peter; Fuwa, Maria; Okada, Masanori; Takase, Kan; Toyama, Takeshi; Makino, Kenzo; Takeda, Shuntaro; Furusawa, Akira

2018-05-01

We propose an experimental scheme to generate, in a heralded fashion, arbitrary quantum superpositions of two-mode optical states with a fixed total photon number n based on weakly squeezed two-mode squeezed state resources (obtained via weak parametric down-conversion), linear optics, and photon detection. Arbitrary d -level (qudit) states can be created this way where d =n +1 . Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate our scheme for n =2 . The resulting qutrit states are characterized via optical homodyne tomography. We also discuss possible extensions to more than two modes concluding that, in general, our approach ceases to work in this case. For illustration and with regards to possible applications, we explicitly calculate a few examples such as NOON states and logical qubit states for quantum error correction. In particular, our approach enables one to construct bosonic qubit error-correction codes against amplitude damping (photon loss) with a typical suppression of √{n }-1 losses and spanned by two logical codewords that each correspond to an n -photon superposition for two bosonic modes.

Applying for international protection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Storgaard, Louise Halleskov

2018-01-01

The Judicial Analysis aims to provide an analysis of asylum procedures under the recast Asylum Procedures Directive (2013/32/EU) and of the principle of non-refoulement for courts and tribunals of Member States...

Legitieme Modekritiek - Legitieme mode? Moderecensies in kwaliteitskranten

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurélie van de Peer

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Fashion journalism is often viewed as unsuited to the role of legitimate cultural criticism. The present article sees two recurring motivations for this observation: the fashion press' strong dependence on fashion advertising income and a long-standing tradition that rejects the transient temporality of fashion in which journalistic accounts of fashion often take part. These observations are probed for the genre of high-quality daily newspapers, drawing on a case-study of fashion reviews published in The New York Times and The International Herald Tribune between 1949 and 2010. First, the article examines important structural developments in the fashion writing of these newspapers. Next, it briefly discusses the interpretative tools on which contemporary fashion journalists rely in their reviews. The article finds that since the late 20th century the fashion journalists of the NYT and IHT have established a fashion criticism that, much like film criticism in the 1970s, may contribute to the cultural valorization of designer fashion. Yet, the article also wonders whether the way in which current fashion criticism supports the growing cultural worth of high-fashion is straightforwardly positive for the valence of the ephemeral temporal nature of fashion. 

Impunity for International Terrorists? Key Legal Questions and Practical Considerations

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Christophe Paulussen

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This Research Paper discusses several of the key questions related to the subject of impunity of international terrorists, taking both a fundamental and a more practical approach within the context of international law. First, it reflects on a number of core definitional and theoretical questions which have been pushed into the background of day‐to‐day reality, by the actual fight against terrorism. For instance: what does the concept of impunity entail exactly and which kinds of standards could be used in measuring impunity? Is it clear what falls under the header of international terrorism and can it in fact be argued that international terrorists enjoy impunity? In practical terms, the paper explores a number of questions related to the actual prosecution of terrorism. What are the obstacles that national prosecutors face every day when prosecuting suspects of international terrorism? To what extent does a rule that prima facie seems ideal to fight terrorism (aut dedere aut judicare: either extradite or prosecute apply to terrorist offences? And what is the role of international criminal law – and the international criminal tribunals – in fighting terrorism? The Paper concludes with a series of recommendations.

The ILOAT celebrated its 90th anniversary!

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2018-01-01

The beginning of a new year is an excellent opportunity to look back on the highlights of the previous year. The fast pace at which the CERN Staff Association has to handle current issues unfortunately left us with no time to present a jubilee that deserves to be brought to your attention, the 90th anniversary of the International Labour Organisation Administrative Tribunal (ILOAT), celebrated on 5 May 2017. [1]             Symposium in honour of the 90th anniversary of the Tribunal Image: Aung Lwin (International Labour Organization Photo Collection) https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilopictures/33828127984/in/album-72157683844343845/ On this occasion, two representatives of the CERN Staff Association participated in the symposium on the ”90 years of contribution to the creation of international civil service law”. Since 1947, the International Labour Organisation Administrative Tribunal (ILOAT) has heard complaints from serving and f...

Post Rule of Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carlson, Kerstin Bree

2016-01-01

The value of developing hybrid international criminal procedure (ICP) is that it is arguably inclusive (representing two major legal traditions) and distinct from any domestic system, thus creating a separate, sui generis realm for international criminal law (ICL) jurists to meet. Since its...... addresses the practice of hybridity in ICP, drawing examples from the construction and evolution of hybrid procedure at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), to argue that the hybridity practiced by international criminal tribunals renders them ‘post rule of law’ institutions...

La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la acción de inconstitucionalidad de la ley entre los años 2006 y 2012

OpenAIRE

Navarro Beltrán, Enrique

2012-01-01

El artículo analiza los antecedentes históricos de la acción de inconstitucionalidad en Chile, los principales casos en que ha sido aceptada, los requisitos para su procedencia, la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional a su respecto y los efectos de la sentencia. This article analyzes the historical background of the action of unconstitutionality in Chile, as well as the main cases in which it was accepted, the requirements for its admissibility, the doctrine of the Constitutional Court the...

Internal and External Dialogue: a Swedish Approach to Quality Work in Courts

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Marie B. Hagsgård

2014-12-01

Full Text Available When evaluation shows that a court is not delivering justice in the best possible way, change in the way a court operates can be hard to accomplish. One way is to engage all judges and staff in an internal and external dialogue about the way the court is functioning and how to improve it. When judges and staff are actively involved in evaluating the present situation, in analyzing, suggesting and implementing new measures and in evaluating the effects of those measures, improvements can be reached in the way the court operates in a range of areas. The deployment of such approach in a growing number of Swedish courts is an indicator of the success of the method.At present the majority of Swedish courts are involved in a broad external dialogue, where judges and staff attend meetings with prosecutors and lawyers and interview court users. The aim of the dialogue is to evaluate and improve information and treatment of parties and witnesses and the writing of intelligible judgments. Cuando una evaluación muestra que un tribunal no está administrando justicia de la mejor manera posible, puede ser difícil lograr cambiar la forma en que ese tribunal funciona. Una opción es involucrar a todos los jueces y personal en un diálogo interno y externo sobre el funcionamiento del tribunal y cómo se podría mejorar. Cuando los jueces y el personal participan activamente en la evaluación de la situación actual, analizando, sugiriendo y desarrollando nuevas medidas y evaluando los efectos de esas medidas, se pueden conseguir mejoras en la forma en la que el tribunal opera en diferentes áreas. El uso de este enfoque en un número creciente de tribunales suecos es un indicador del éxito del método.En la actualidad la mayoría de los tribunales suecos están involucrados en un amplio diálogo externo, en el que jueces y personal participan en reuniones con fiscales y abogados y se entrevistan con usuarios de los tribunales. El objetivo del diálogo es

O supremo tribunal federal e a cidadania à luz da influência comunitarista The federal supreme court and the citizenship in the light of the communitarism influence

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Julia Maurmann Ximenes

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A constituição de 1988 atribuiu ao supremo um desenho institucional que reflete uma valorização do texto constitucional e uma tentativa de aproximação do exercício da cidadania na linha de uma democracia participativa, à luz da teoria filosófica-política do comunitarismo. Contudo, é possível perceber elementos que acarretaram uma crise de identidade no exercício das atividades do supremo. Essa crise de identidade se intensifica com o instituto do amicus curiae questionando o papel como tribunal constitucional propriamente dito.The 1988 constitution conferred to the supreme court an institutional design that reflects a valorization of the constitutional text and an effort to bring it near to a citizenship practice due to a participative democracy movement, in the light of the of the communitarian philosophical-political theory. However, it is possible to see elements that unloose an identity crisis on the activities done by the supreme. This identity crisis is sharpened by the institute of the amicus curiae, questioning the role as a constitutional tribunal itself.

Entendimento do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará sobre o erro médico na esfera penal

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Isabel de Fátima Alvim Braga

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introdução: O processo por erro médico costuma ter impacto profundo tanto na vida profissional como na vida pessoal do médico. Entretanto, como a judicialização da medicina é recente, carece de estudos com análise dos fatos a partir da dupla perspectiva da Medicina e do Direito. Objetivo: Analisar os processos da esfera penal do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa por palavra-chave no site do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Pará (TJPA com o termo de pesquisa: “erro médico”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 42 julgados jurisprudenciais. Desses, 24 foram excluídos, pois: 4 eram repetições; 19 eram crimes não cometidos por médicos e 1 por tratar de difamação. Ocorreu uma prescrição e três processos ainda não haviam sido julgados na primeira instância. Dos 14 processos julgados, houve 6 condenações e 8 absolvições. A distribuição por especialidades se deu da seguinte maneira: 8 na ginecologia-obstetrícia (GO; 4 na emergência clínica; 2 na cirurgia geral; 1 em anestesiologia/cirurgia plástica; 1 em oftalmologia; 1 em ortopedia; e 1 em radiologia. Conclusão: Os casos de acusação de supostos erros cometidos por médicos no exercício de suas especialidades ainda são raros no panorama geral do Pará. As especialidades ligadas à cirurgia e às situações de emergência, principalmente GO, foram as principais envolvidas nesse tipo de processo.

Reviewing Tribunal cases and nurse behaviour: putting empathy back into nurse education with Bloom's taxonomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Doyle, Kerrie; Hungerford, Catherine; Cruickshank, Mary

2014-07-01

Recent events in the UK and Australia have shown how poor patient outcomes are achieved when the behaviour of nurses lacks empathy. The UK's Francis Inquiry and the Keogh Report both call for an increase in the 'caring and compassion' of health care workers. A review of cases presented to the nurses' disciplinary tribunal in New South Wales' (Australia) also suggests that the majority of complaints against nurses in this jurisdiction is the result of callousness or lack of empathy. Such events reinforce the need for nurse educators to support nursing students to develop the affective attributes of caring and empathy. This paper considers how to raise the awareness of undergraduate students as a first step to developing empathy by using Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives; and includes a description of how to facilitate interactions with undergraduate nursing students about caring with empathy. Enculturating empathy is an evidence-based method of increasing compassionate care in health organisations generally. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tribunal Constitucional y ley migratoria chilena: examen de compatibilidad con los estándares internacionales

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Regina Ingrid Díaz Tolosa

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El Tribunal Constitucional dictó dos sentencias en requerimientos de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad del Decreto Ley n° 1.094, que establece normas sobre los extranjeros en Chile, el 4 de julio y el 10 de septiembre de 2013. Nacionales haitianos ingresaron al país con visa temporal de trabajo, pero ésta con posterioridad les fue revocada por estimarse que los contratos de trabajo invocados eran falsos. De los argumentos vertidos, tanto en el voto de mayoría como en los votos de prevención, es posible colegir la urgente necesidad de una nueva Ley de Migración y Extranjería, pues la norma actualmente vigente no sólo es preconstitucional y contraría varios preceptos de la Constitución, sino también vulnera el estándar internacional en materia de protección de derechos de las personas migrantes.

International Justice through Domestic Courts:

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tang, Yi Shin

2015-01-01

In April 2010, the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, or STF) controversially decided to uphold the country’s amnesty law, which currently prevents prosecutions for violations of human rights committed during the military dictatorship. However, the Inter-American Court...

Homosexualidad y Constitución (Comentario a propósito de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano de 24 de noviembre de 2004)

OpenAIRE

Fernando Rey Martínez

2014-01-01

1. La emergencia y centralidad del problema relativo al lugar constitucional de la homosexualidad 2. La homosexualidad en el derecho europeo 2.1 La homosexualidad ante el tribunal europeo de derechos humanos 2.2 La homosexualidad en el ordenamiento jurídico comunitario 3. ¿Está protegida la homosexualidad por la Constitución? 3.1 Homosexualidad, intimidad y libertad 3.2 Homosexualidad e igualdad 4. El contenido de la prohibición de discriminación por razón de orientación sexual. El problema d...

International financial institutions and health in Egypt and Tunisia: change or continuity?

Science.gov (United States)

Ismail, Sharif

2013-01-01

The revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia appeared to herald a re-casting of International Monetary Fund and World Bank policy across the region. Public pronouncements by the heads of both institutions in the months following February 2011 acknowledged flaws in their approach to macroeconomic advice, against a background of worsening socioeconomic indicators, widespread youth unemployment, and widening health inequalities. Evidence on the ground, however, suggests continuity rather than change in international financial institution policies in Egypt and Tunisia, notwithstanding the emergence of a powerful new player-the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In the long term, new electoral realities and hardening public opposition in both countries seem likely to force a fundamentally different relationship between regional governments and the major international financial institutions than existed before 2011.

Heralded quantum repeater based on the scattering of photons off single emitters in one-dimensional waveguides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Guo-Zhu; Zhang, Mei; Ai, Qing; Yang, Guo-Jian [Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Alsaedi, Ahmed; Hobiny, Aatef [NAAM-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Deng, Fu-Guo, E-mail: fgdeng@bnu.edu.cn [Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); NAAM-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia)

2017-03-15

We propose a heralded quantum repeater based on the scattering of photons off single emitters in one-dimensional waveguides. We show the details by implementing nonlocal entanglement generation, entanglement swapping, and entanglement purification modules with atoms in waveguides, and discuss the feasibility of the repeater with currently achievable technology. In our scheme, the faulty events can be discarded by detecting the polarization of the photons. That is, our protocols are accomplished with a fidelity of 100% in principle, which is advantageous for implementing realistic long-distance quantum communication. Moreover, additional atomic qubits are not required, but only a single-photon medium. Our scheme is scalable and attractive since it can be realized in solid-state quantum systems. With the great progress on controlling atom-waveguide systems, the repeater may be very useful in quantum information processing in the future.

Heralded wave packet manipulation and storage of a frequency-converted pair photon at telecom wavelength

Science.gov (United States)

Kroh, Tim; Ahlrichs, Andreas; Sprenger, Benjamin; Benson, Oliver

2017-09-01

Future quantum networks require a hybrid platform of dissimilar quantum systems. Within the platform, joint quantum states have to be mediated either by single photons, photon pairs or entangled photon pairs. The photon wavelength has to lie within the telecommunication band to enable long-distance fibre transmission. In addition, the temporal shape of the photons needs to be tailored to efficiently match the involved quantum systems. Altogether, this requires the efficient coherent wavelength-conversion of arbitrarily shaped single-photon wave packets. Here, we demonstrate the heralded temporal filtering of single photons as well as the synchronisation of state manipulation and detection as key elements in a typical experiment, besides of delaying a photon in a long fibre. All three are realised by utilising commercial telecommunication fibre-optical components which will permit the transition of quantum networks from the lab to real-world applications. The combination of these renders a temporally filtering single-photon storage in a fast switchable fibre loop possible.

The Illusive Nature of ‘Russian International Law

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Gleb Bogush

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The monograph written by Estonian international law scholar Lauri Mälksoo is impressively well-timed. The record of recent international legal developments involving Russia is striking: the annexation of Crimea and the armed conflict in Ukraine, Russia’s ‘sanctions war’ with the United States and the European Union, nonrecognition and non-compliance with the international arbitral award in the Yukos case, and earlier, in 2013, Russia’s boycott of the proceedings at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Most recently, already subsequent to the publication of Russian Approaches to International Law, in July 2015 the Russian Constitutional Court sent a message of open disregard to Strasbourg by declaring that the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights could not be implemented in Russia if they contradicted the Russian Constitution. In all these instances the Russian government relied on its own reading of international law, which appeared not only to be strikingly different from that of the vast majority of states, but often detrimental to the foundations of the discipline. One might wonder whether these events are just the excesses of authoritarian power-politics, or more fundamentally grounded. Specifically, is there any special Russian international school of legal thought (referred to below as ‘Russian international law’? And if there is, may it serve as a plausible alternative to Western-centric contemporary international law? Lauri Mälksoo’s book is the first genuine response to these questions.

La convocatoria a una Asamblea Constituyente por la vía del referéndum. Apuntes a propósito de la resolución del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones n.° 6187-E9-2016

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Mario Matarrita Arroyo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Explica los fundamentos utilizados por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, en la resolución que da respuesta a la gestión tendiente a convocar un referéndum, por iniciativa ciudadana, para convocar a una Asamblea Constituyente.

RESTRIÇÃO AO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: OBJEÇÕES ORÇAMENTÁRIAS NO ENTENDIMENTO DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DE SANTA CATARINA DE 2001 A 2012 / RESTRICTION TO RIGHT OF CHILD EDUCATION: BUDGET RESTRICTIONS ACCORDING TO UNDERSTANDING OF THE COURT OF SANTA CATARI

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Marilia Wesseler Jung

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa estabeleceu e analisou a evolução temporal do entendimento do Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina quanto à efetivação do direito fundamental ao ensino infantil diante das restrições orçamentárias. O método consiste no levantamento de decisões relativas ao fornecimento de vagas em creches e pré-escolas exaradas pelo Tribunal por meio de pesquisa no website oficial, sem corte temporal e selecionadas as que direta ou indiretamente se referiam a objeções orçamentárias. Foram encontradas 154 decisões entre 2001 e 2012, organizadas por ano de julgamento e, em cada ano, pelo binômio efetivação/não efetivação do direito, fornecendo a análise quantitativa. A análise qualitativa consiste na extração da argumentação jurídica a favor ou contra a efetivação do direito à educação infantil, explicitando o entendimento do Tribunal no que se refere à esfera orçamentária e à sua arguição, a fim de obstar o direito em análise. Verificou-se que até 2006, o Tribunal posicionava-se pela prevalência das restrições, furtando-se a interferir nas políticas orçamentárias. A partir do referido ano, com poucas exceções, as decisões são no sentido de assegurar o direito ao ensino infantil como um direito absoluto. Concluiu-se que a melhor forma de o Poder Judiciário assegurar o direito à educação infantil é ordenando a inclusão de recursos necessários à ampliação da oferta de vagas nos programas orçamentários dos Entes Públicos, possibilitando um fornecimento homogêneo. Palavras-chave: Direitos sociais. Ensino infantil. Restrições orçamentárias. Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina. Ativismo judicial.

Biblioteca Digital do Supremo Tribunal Federal: uma proposta em desenvolvimento

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Maria Tereza Machado Teles Walter

2017-12-01

Full Text Available As t e c n o l o g i as d e i nf o rm a ç ã o e d e c om u n i c a ç ã o revolucionaram as formas de organização e de mediação de informação em todas as instituições prestadoras de serviço, sejam elas bibliotecas ou centros de documentação. Seu desenvolvimento passou a ser uma questão estratégica de planejamento para as instituições que desejem manter-se em consonância com demandas cada vez mais especializadas e atender usuários que têm modelos mentais e conhecimentos de uso de informação em ambientes digitais. Reconhecendo esse cenário, foi elaborado, pela Coordenadoria de Biblioteca do Supremo Tribunal Federal, o projeto de desenvolvimento de sua Biblioteca Digital, cuja definição foi a de se tratava de um ambiente em meio eletrônico, para prestação de serviços e oferta de produtos, que incluem textos integrais e que independem da presença física dos usuários. O histórico desse projeto é apresentado incluindo as etapas e os perfis profissionais que atuaram no desenvolvimento do trabalho. Em função das características das propostas, todo o projeto foi modularizado visando facilitar sua implantação, de forma que independesse de mudanças na alta gestão do órgão. Alguns resultados dessa proposição são relacionados ao final.

Governance in Córdoba’s Mixed Tribunal: A Study on Microphysics of Power Governance in Córdoba’s Mixed Tribunal: A Study on Microphysics of Power

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Santiago Abel Amietta

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Córdoba is the first province of Argentina to adopt lay participation for the decision of criminal cases. Since 2005, a mixed tribunal of 8 lays and 3 judges decide some criminal cases by the rule of majority. Drawing on in-depth interviews with judges, other officials and jurors, this thesis explores this unique encounter of legal professionals and lays from the perspective of “microphysics of power” as put forward by Michel Foucault. The analysis first focuses on legal professionals’ perceptions of jurors and unveils how these perceptions construct jurors as a problem that needs to be governed. Secondly I discuss the tools of governance put into practice by legal professionals and the Judiciary to direct jurors’ conduct and argue that the interaction between lays and professionals is largely demarked by the mutual operation of power relations and knowledge. Next I look to jurors’ narratives to unravel their practices of self-governance and finally I trace the possibility of the emergence of resistant discourses by focusing on the narrative of a single juror. All in all this thesis constitutes an important departure from the previous body of work about lay participation in criminal justice by its theoretical approach and methodological advantages. It aims to make, by the theoretically informed analysis of relevant qualitative data, fruitful contributions both to the field of inquiries on jury trials and to more general discussions on how power in its myriad forms shapes subjectivities and governs conducts whilst circulates and is resisted against.

A sentença normativa na jurisdição constitucional: análise da atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal como legislador positivo

OpenAIRE

Pelicioli, Angela Cristina

2007-01-01

Nesta tese objetiva-se examinar um tipo de atuação excepcional do Supremo Tribunal Federal em sede de controle de constitucionalidade, consiste em proferir decisão criadora de norma geral e abstrata, transformando, adequando, modificando e integrando o texto de lei ou ato normativo, com o objetivo de garantir os direitos fundamentais e o princípio da igualdade previstos na Constituição. O modelo kelseniano do controle de constitucionalidade restrito ao desempenho do papel de legislador negati...

Tribunal simulado: efeito da ordem das teses e do antecedente do réu

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Ronaldo Pilati

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Dois estudos experimentais de tribunal simulado tiveram como objetivo avaliar o efeito do antecedente criminal do réu e da ordem de apresentação das teses de acusação e defesa na deliberação de jurados. No primeiro foi realizado um delineamento fatorial 2 (ordem das teses X 2 (perfil do réu do qual participaram 123 estudantes, que assistiram a um julgamento simulado gravado em vídeo. Os resultados indicaram que houve tendência de condenação e que a ordem e o perfil não influenciam na deliberação, mas que o desempenho dos atores do vídeo exerceu efeito significativo na deliberação. No segundo estudo o caso foi apresentado de forma textual, sem apoio do vídeo. Apenas a variável perfil fez parte do delineamento e participaram do estudo 54 estudantes. Os resultados indicaram que o perfil não exerceu efeito na deliberação, mas a amostra tendeu a absolver o réu. Processos sócio-cognitivos precisam ser melhor investigados em estudos futuros.

Can International Human Rights Law Help Restore Access to Justice for Disabled Workers?

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Rupert Harwood

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The research literature indicates that legislative changes in recent years, including the introduction of tribunal fees, have made it harder for workers in general to enforce their rights under UK employment laws. Drawing on the author’s qualitative study, conducted in 2015 and with information from 265 participants, this paper finds that these legislative changes could be having disproportionate adverse impacts on disabled workers. Of particular note, fees had deterred substantial numbers from submitting discrimination claims; and it appeared that this reluctance to take legal action had in turn emboldened some employers to commit what might have been found to constitute unlawful acts if taken to tribunal. The paper goes onto consider whether these adverse impacts on disabled workers could render fees unlawful under UK and European equality and human rights law and/or could entail violations of rights under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The paper concludes that the intent behind UK laws might (in relation to the lawfulness of fees have been frustrated in the domestic courts and that the impact of any future successes in the domestic courts, or under international law, might be dependent upon public opinion and political expediency. The paper also briefly compares developments in Britain with developments in neighbouring and other comparable jurisdictions.

14th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems : Special Sessions

CERN Document Server

Escalona, María; Corchuelo, Rafael; Mathieu, Philippe; Vale, Zita; Campbell, Andrew; Rossi, Silvia; Adam, Emmanuel; Jiménez-López, María; Navarro, Elena; Moreno, María

2016-01-01

PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange their experience in the development of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. This volume presents the papers that have been accepted for the 2016 in the special sessions: Agents Behaviours and Artificial Markets (ABAM); Advances on Demand Response and Renewable Energy Sources in Agent Based Smart Grids (ADRESS); Agents and Mobile Devices (AM); Agent Methodologies for Intelligent Robotics Applications (AMIRA); Learning, Agents and Formal Languages (LAFLang); Multi-Agent Systems and Ambient Intelligence (MASMAI); Web Mining and ...

El deslinde competencia entre el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones y la Sala constitucional: una historia inconclusa en cuatro capítulos

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Luis Antonio Sobrado González

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Inicia con una breve introducción en donde señala las funciones y atribuciones de cada uno de los órganos (Sala y Tribunal dadas por la Constitución Política. Seguidamente señala cómo por medio de la jurisprudencia emitida por ambas instancias, se han delineado criterios que paulatinamente han ido clarificando los respectivos ámbitos de competencia en materia electoral, no obstante por sentencia n.º 13313 de 2010, la Sala Constitucional comprometió la autonomía y autoridad del TSE, al desconocer el carácter obligatorio y exclusivo de sus interpretaciones normativoelectorales y la naturaleza irrecurrible de sus decisiones.

A modulação dos efeitos dos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal na seara tributária: o substrato moral das decisões judiciais

OpenAIRE

Toyoda , Hisashi

2016-01-01

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o propósito de analisar o teor das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, nas quais foi aplicado o instituto da modulação de efeitos de normas tributárias declaradas inconstitucionais, para verificar se foram observados os requisitos da devida motivação e da adequabilidade moral desses julgados em face da exigência fundamental da materialização do justo por meio da máxima efetividade dos direitos dos cidadãos contribuintes. O estudo tem embasamento em um leva...

O guardião da Constituição: o Supremo Tribunal Federal como poder autônomo no julgamento da Lei da Ficha Limpa

OpenAIRE

Rossi, Luís Antônio

2016-01-01

A presente tese, subsumindo a decisão diante do debate entre os juristas Hans Kelsen e Carl Schmitt sobre o controle de constitucionalidade pátrio, tem o escopo de analisar o comportamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento da constitucionalidade da Lei da Ficha Limpa. A tese, ao analisar e refletir sobre quem deve ser o guardião da Constituição , pretende demonstrar que o sistema constitucional brasileiro adotou o positivismo de Hans Kelsen, mas a amplitude da Constituição de 1988, o...

The Direct Applicability of SADC Community Law in South Africa and Zimbabwe: A Call for Supranationality and the Uniform Application of SADC Community Law

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Retselisitsoe Phooko

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The Southern African Development Community Tribunal (SADC Tribunal became operational in 1992 and delivered several judgments against Zimbabwe. Some of those decisions are yet to be enforced. The attempt to enforce them contributed to the demise of the SADC Tribunal. This was due to the existence of various approaches to the reception of community law into domestic law. The tension between community law and domestic law, international law and domestic law, and community law and international law is as old as the hills. The monist and dualist theories of international law assist in attempting to clarify the nature of the relationship between international law and municipal law, but there is no guidance when it comes to community law and national law. This paper will explore how the SADC Community law can be applied uniformly by South Africa, Zimbabwe and all other SADC member states. This will be done by looking at decided cases with specific reference to South Africa and Zimbabwe. In order to establish the best practices in other jurisdictions, reference will be made to the East African Court of Justice, the European Union (EU and the European Court of Justice (ECJ. The discourse will conclude by advocating the adoption of a revised Protocol on the SADC Tribunal in order to clarify the nature of the relationship between the SADC Community law and the domestic laws of SADC member states.

Criminal Prosecution of International Crimes and Principle of Legality (Pregon mednarodnih hudodelstev in načelo zakonitosti

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Sabina Zgaga

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The majority of criminal prosecutions of core crimes’ perpetrators in the last 60 years was performed post factum, since the rules of criminal prosecution were drafted after the commission of international crimes. The paper discusses the dilemmas, which arise from the principle of legality due to the post factum nature of criminal prosecution. First, the elements of principle of legality are presented, of which those are emphasised that could be controversial in case of international crimes prosecution. Afterwards, the paper discusses the answers provided by international criminal law, especially the case law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and by the European Court of Human Rights. The paper concludes by analysis of Slovenian view on dillemas of principle of legality and compares Slovenian positions with the ones of the European Court of Human Rights. The thesis that Slovenian Constitution includes a stricter regulation of principle of legality than the European Court of Human Rights’ system is thereby confirmed.

O supremo tribunal federal e a lei maria da penha – uma lamentável decisão

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Rômulo de Andrade Moreira

2016-09-01

Full Text Available O trabalho analisa duas decisões tomadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na sessão do último dia 09 de fevereiro. A primeira, por maioria, julgou procedente a ADIn nº. 4424 quanto aos artigos 12, I, 16 e 41 da Lei nº. 11.340/06. Na mesma sessão, por unanimidade, os Ministros acompanharam o voto do relator da ADC nº. 19, Ministro Marco Aurélio, e declararam constitucionais os arts. 1º., 33 e 41 da lei. Discordando do entendimento da Suprema Corte, procuramos confrontar alguns dispositivos da Lei Maria da Penha com a Constituição Federal, concluindo que os seus arts. 17 e 41, além do art. 313, IV do Código de Processo Penal, não devem ser aplicados, pois incompatíveis com a Constituição Federal.

La Competencia de la Justicia Militar del Gobierno Federal en la Jurisprudencia Actual del Tribunal Supremo.

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Saulo de Tarso Fernandes Dias

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo trata de la competencia de la Justicia Militar del Gobierno Federal para procesar y juzgar los delitos militares. El objetivo es ver cuáles son los principales aspectos orientadores de la definición de la competencia de la justicia militar usados por el Tribunal Supremo cuando evalúa los juicios de los conflictos de competencia y divergencias de las decisiones  de  los  Juzgados  y  Tribunales. Para lograr  este  objetivo,  se  realizó  una investigación doctrinal y un análisis de los principales fallos de la Corte Suprema en los últimos 04 (cuatro años. Se ha observado un cambio en la interpretación dada al artículo noveno del Código Penal Militar, llegando a la conclusión, entonces, que hay aspectos importantes a tener en cuenta en cada situación para que sea posible definir si un hecho es delito militar, ello, justifica por lo tanto la competencia de la justicia militar.

El trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad en la jurisprudencia penal del Tribunal Supremo español

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Maria Penado

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad se presenta como un patrón de desconexión del sujeto de las relaciones sociales y fundamentalmente interpersonales, con un serio déficit de su capacidad de expresión emocional. El presente artículo analiza la delictología asociada a las personas que padecen el citado trastorno y la repercusión que dicha dolencia tiene a la hora de determinar la imputabilidad del acusado. Una vez analizadas las 26 sentencias emitidas por el Tribunal Supremo a partir de la entrada en vigor del Código Penal, se puede observar cómo el padecimiento de un trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad no es considerado con suficiente entidad como para eximir de responsabilidad penal (eximente completa, pero sí para disminuir dicha responsabilidad con la consideración de una eximente incompleta o una atenuante analógica, en función de si además del citado trastorno se dan otro tipo de circunstancias como la embriaguez o el consumo de drogas.

2015 Special Sessions of the 13th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems

CERN Document Server

Hernández, Josefa; Mathieu, Philippe; Campbell, Andrew; Fernández-Caballero, Antonio; Moreno, María; Julián, Vicente; Alonso-Betanzos, Amparo; Jiménez-López, María; Botti, Vicente; Trends in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems and Sustainability : the PAAMS Collection

2015-01-01

This volume presents the papers that have been accepted for the 2015 special sessions of the 13th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, held at University of Salamanca, Spain, at 3rd-5th June, 2015: Agents Behaviours and Artificial Markets (ABAM); Agents and Mobile Devices (AM); Multi-Agent Systems and Ambient Intelligence (MASMAI); Web Mining and Recommender systems (WebMiRes); Learning, Agents and Formal Languages (LAFLang); Agent-based Modeling of Sustainable Behavior and Green Economies (AMSBGE); Emotional Software Agents (SSESA) and Intelligent Educational Systems (SSIES). The volume also includes the paper accepted for the Doctoral Consortium in PAAMS 2015. PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest develo...

International climate diplomacy after the Trump election victory: Germany and the EU should intensify their outreach to climate allies

OpenAIRE

Dröge, Susanne

2016-01-01

The election of Donald Trump as the new US president heralds difficult times for international climate policy. The US together with the EU was the key driver of the Paris Agreement in 2015. The new president will end climate policy cooperation with China, and with other emerging and developing countries. Moreover, he has announced plans to reverse the climate-policy legislation which is needed to implement the US climate targets. This will undermine the trust many countries have increasingly ...

In the arbitration under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the UNCITRAL arbitration rules between Methanex Corp, claimant/investor and United States of America, respondent/party : joint post-hearing submission by AMICI to the Tribunal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mann, H.; Wagner, M.

2004-06-29

Canada-based Methanex Corporation is a major producer of methanol, a key component of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) which is used in unleaded gasoline. Methanex launched an international arbitration against the United States in response to California's ban of MTBE. California argues that MTBE poses a significant risk to human health and safety and the environment. Methanex claims that the the ban is an expropriation of the company's investment and a violation of Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Methanex is seeking financial compensation under NAFTA's Article 1110. This document represents the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in its intervention in the Methanex versus United States dispute. IISD was granted Amicus status (friend of the court) in the Tribunal hearing. As such, IISD represents public interest and builds confidence in the dispute settlement system. This post hearing submission addresses the legal consequences of California's measure to ban MTBE as a bona fide (non-health) environmental issue or as a bona fide public heath measure, and determines whether such measures constitute a violation of NAFTA's Article 1110. 1 ref.

Dispersão de Fundamentos no Supremo Tribunal Federal / Scattered Arguments in Federal Supreme Court

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Fábio Carvalho Leite

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O trabalho analisa, em duas partes, o fenômeno conhecido por dispersão de fundamentos, prática decisória que por vezes marca o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF no controle de constitucionalidade. A primeira parte é descritiva e sugere que a dispersão de fundamentos é fenômeno que ocorre pela presença necessária da regra de maioria decisória simples (RMDS associada à presença contingente do princípio da causa de pedir aberta e da indeterminação relativa do texto constitucional. A segunda parte é normativa e analisa criticamente os problemas resultantes da adoção da RMDS. Partindo-se do tradicional debate sobre a legitimidade do controle de constitucionalidade, porém não se alinhando a um modelo normativo em particular, o trabalho põe em xeque a proximidade do processo decisório do STF com a ideia de “resposta certa”, aborda a dificuldade de se formar jurisprudência capaz de uniformizar o tratamento de casos a respeito de um assunto e questiona a desconsideração da presunção de constitucionalidade nos casos difíceis do direito em que se verifiquem desacordos morais razoáveis. Por fim, a confiabilidade de intuições morais invocadas pelos ministros no processo decisório do STF é questionada a partir das ciências cognitivas e da psicologia moral. Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Controle de constitucionalidade; Processo decisório; Dispersão de fundamentos.   Abstract: The work analyzes, in two parts, a phenomenon known as argument scatter, a decision-making practice that sometimes characterizes judicial review in the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF. The first part is descriptive, and suggests that argument scatter occurs in the necessary presence of a simple majority decision-making rule (SMDMR, associated to the contingent presence of the open cause of action principle and of the relative indeterminacy of constitutional text. The second part is normative, and critically analyzes the problems that

O assassinato de um homossexual diante de um tribunal da Capital da República em meados do século XX

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Rivail Carvalho Rolim

2013-05-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2013000100017 O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar como o assassinato de um homossexual foitratado em um tribunal da Capital da República em meados do século XX. Os autos criminaispodem revelar aspectos significativos sobre a aplicação do direito nas instâncias judiciais.Ressaltamos como a cultura jurídico-penal no país continuou reproduzindo os mesmos padrõessocioculturais das culturas jurídico-penais ocidentais; em última instância, condenando o prazerou pelo menos determinadas formas de senti-lo. Da mesma forma, inferimos que, por intermédioda legalidade processual, se reprimiu determinado comportamento sexual, já que a legalidadeformal não preceituava a homossexualidade como crime.

Sexual Violence and Impunity in South Asia | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The Bangladesh War Crimes Tribunal of 2009 makes no mention of rape, ... Elsewhere in the world, rape is increasingly being discussed and accepted not only ... A second element will consist in oral histories with survivors of sexual violence.

New development on materials and techniques used in the heraldic designs of illuminated Manueline foral charters by multi-analytical methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Gac, A.; Pessanha, S.; Longelin, S.; Guerra, M.; Frade, J.C.; Lourenço, F.; Serrano, M.C.; Manso, M.; Carvalho, M.L.

2013-01-01

In the illuminated foral charters commissioned by D. Manuel I, King of Portugal (1495–1521), heraldry played a prominent role. In this work, royal emblems corresponding to the third heraldic design, applied to the Charter of Couto de Teixedo, are studied by means of EDXRF, SEM–EDS, micro-Raman, micro-FTIR and HPLC–DAD to characterize the materials and techniques used to produce this masterpiece of Portuguese Renaissance. By comparing this data with the results previously obtained in other three charters, this research allows for the first time an accurate insight into the reformed manuscripts production, especially since the illuminated charters under consideration were all investigated on the basis of similar micro-spectroscopic techniques. Inks, metal coatings, pigments, organic dyes, fillers or extenders, and binding media are discussed, and their use enlightened by the politic and legal messages the foral charters had to convey. Parchment analysis allowed us to identify the animal species, and all undertaken processes along its preparation. HPLC–DAD allowed us to differentiate the gums used. CaSO 4 was observed in the parchment as a degradation product of CaCO 3 used in parchment production in the presence of metal sulfates coming from the ink. Pigments used in the different colors as well as some specific phases for some colors were identified. Silvering and gilding processes, metal caratage and silver oxidation compounds were also objects of the present study. - Highlights: • Complementary analytical techniques using portable XRF and molecular techniques were used for the complete characterization of Portuguese illuminated manuscripts. • A comparison between four Manueline foral charters was undertaken, providing an accurate insight into their heraldic designs and production. • Inks, pigments and some of their specific phases, organic dyes, fillers or extenders, and binding media are discussed. • Silvering and gilding processes, metal caratage

International trade agreements: hazards to health?

Science.gov (United States)

Shaffer, Ellen R; Brenner, Joseph E

2004-01-01

Since the 1980s, neoliberal policies have prescribed reducing the role of governments, relying on market forces to organize and provide health care and other vital human services. In this context, international trade agreements increasingly serve as mechanisms to enforce the privatization, deregulation, and decentralization of health care and other services, with important implications for democracy as well as for health. Critics contend that social austerity and "free" trade agreements contribute to the rise in global poverty and economic inequality and instability, and therefore to increased preventable illness and death. Under new agreements through the World Trade Organization that cover vital human services such as health care, water, education, and energy, unaccountable, secret trade tribunals could overrule decisions by democratically elected officials on public financing for national health care systems, licensing and training standards for health professionals, patient safety and quality regulations, occupational safety and health, control of hazardous substances such as tobacco and alcohol, the environment, and affordable access to safe water and sanitation. International negotiations in 2003 in Cancun and in Miami suggested that countervailing views are developing momentum. A concerned health care community has begun to call for a moratorium on trade negotiations on health care and water, and to reinvigorate an alternative vision of universal access to vital services.

Los efectos jurídicos del fallo del Excelentísimo Tribunal Constitucional sobre la llamada “píldora del día después”

OpenAIRE

Ángela Vivanco M.

2008-01-01

El tema de la llamada “píldora del día después” o “píldora del día siguiente” se inició en Chile con una serie de acciones ante los tribunales ordinarios con resultados muy contradictorios, tras lo cual el fallo del Tribunal Constitucional de abril de 2008 resultó una importante definición acerca del estatuto del embrión humano, la protección de la vida y el principio precautorio aplicado a ella, aunque no pudo extenderse a todas las materias relacionadas con la PDD por ser la competencia del...

Women's Hidden Agency in the News Coverage of the Tibetian Riots

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Suvimarja Vuontela

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This mixed methods case study on the international newspaper coverage of women in the  Tibetan  riots  in  March  2008  analyses  to  what extent  women  are  represented according to prevailing gender stereotypes in conflict news. The study largely confirms news media’s gender bias, in that news media hides women’s agency. Women are either not included in the studied 62 articles from International Herald Tribune, China Daily, and  the  Tibet  Post  International, or represented according  to  prevailing  gender stereotypes, namely as passive feminine objects. Interestingly, Chi-square testing  reveals  that  the Tibet Post International, an online newspaper  run  by  Tibetan  exiles,  deviated from  the  general  tendency  by  representing remarkably frequent images of active Tibetan women. Around one-third (32 percent of the Tibet Post  International’s articles  included press  photos featuring women and the clear  majority  (88  percent  of  these  images represented  them  as  active.  However,  the qualitative  part  of  the study  tells  that  text  associated  with  the  newspaper’s  images  of active Tibetan women reduced these women’s perceived agency. When introducing text into  the  interpretation  of  these  images,  the  women in  many  cases  were  turned  into potential victims. This points out that text-image interaction is an often overlooked, yet integral part of assigning meaning in conflict news.

A Pluralist Approach to the Law of International Sales

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Juana Coetzee

2017-03-01

Full Text Available International trade can support economic development and social upliftment. However, people are often discouraged from contracting internationally due to the existence of differences in legal systems which act as a non-tariff barrier to trade. This article focuses on the private law framework regulating international contracts of sale. During the twentieth century the problem of diverse laws was primarily addressed by global uniform law such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG. However, uniform law is rarely complete and has to be supplemented by national law, trade usage or party agreement. Because there are gaps in the CISG the Swiss government has made a proposal for a new global contract law. But is this a feasible solution to the fragmentary state of international trade law? In Europe, signs of resistance are setting in against further harmonisation. The Proposal for a Common European Sales Law (CESL was recently withdrawn, and now Britain has voted to leave the European Union. Rumour has it that more countries might follow. The current private law framework for international sales contracts consists of a hybrid system where international, national, state and non-state law function side by side. This article submits that universalism is not per se the most efficient approach to the regulation of international sales law and that economic forces require a more varied approach for business-to-business transactions. The biggest challenge, however, would be to manage global legal pluralism. It is concluded that contractual parties, the courts and arbitral tribunals can effectively manage pluralism on a case-by-case basis.

Judicialização da saúde e a audiência pública convocada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em 2009: o que mudou de lá para cá?

OpenAIRE

Gomes,Dalila F.; Souza,Camila Rufino; Silva,Felipe Luiz da; Pôrto,Julianna Alves; Morais,Indyara de Araújo; Ramos,Maíra Catharina; Silva,Everton Nunes da

2014-01-01

Em 2009, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) convocou uma Audiência Pública para discutir a judicialização, quando foram ministradas 51 palestras. Utilizando o método descritivo-analítico, sistematizaram-se os argumentos, visando identificar potenciais medidas para contornar o problema e analisar o que foi feito até então. As políticas públicas possuem algumas falhas ao aplicar, no caso concreto, os princípios do SUS, e a judicialização deve ser vista como um instrumento excepcional, não como re...

With and Without ‘General’: The Representation of Wiranto in The Sydney Morning Herald during Indonesia’s 2004 General Election

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Aylanda Hidayati Dwi-Nugroho

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reports an analysis on the naming and title-giving practices of The Sydney Morning Herald toward General Wiranto in the news about Indonesia‟s 2004 General Election when he contested as a presidential candidate but failed. In the news data he was mostly related to the allegations of his responsibility as the Commander of Indonesia‟s armed forces for a number of atrocities committed by the Indonesian military and Jakarta-backed militias in East Timor. Honorification is one standard referencing in news. Its presence is believed to indicate respects, and its absence can be interpreted as either showing solidarity or less respect. However, Wiranto was negatively represented both when he was referred to with and without his military title. Such a representation suggests the newspaper‟s perception and stereotype it has had about Wiranto.

Análisis de la comunicación del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones con su público externo a través de redes sociales

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Jazmín Granados Leal

2014-07-01

Full Text Available : El desarrollo de este tema tiene como objetivo analizar la incursión del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en las nuevas tendencias sobre comunicación como las redes sociales, con el fin de llegar a todos sus públicos externos, brindando información relativa a las funciones institucionales que sean de interés para la ciudadanía. La investigación forma parte de un proyecto de tesis de graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Comunicación de Mercadeo. Se muestran los resultados de una encuesta realizada a seguidores del perfil institucional en Facebook y una entrevista a funcionarios de la institución.

Ethiopian journalism from self-censoring to silence: a case of reporting on internal conflict

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Mulatu Alemayehu MOGES

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This article examines the extent to which journalists of The Daily Monitor and The Ethiopian Herald report on internal conflict, especially ethnic conflicts, which were prevalent during the study period, from 2005 to 2013, in Ethiopia. These two English medium dailies newspapers were purposely selected due to their high circulation and longevity in the media market as well as their focus on current affairs. The study employed both content analysis and interviews data collection and process in tools. The result shows that only a small number of internal conflict stories were reported in the selected newspapers and journalists were found to prefer refraining from reporting ethnic conflicts. This is attributable to the fact that journalists live in the circle of fear and self-censorship resulting in the exclusion of ethnic-related conflict stories in the selected media.

Convention on the establishment of a security control in the field of nuclear energy. Protocol on the tribunal established by the convention on the establishment of a security control in the field of nuclear energy; Convention sur l'etablissement d'un controle de securite dans le domaine de l'energie nucleaire. Protocole relatif au tribunal cree par la Convention sur l'etablissement d'un controle de securite dans le domaine de l'energie nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1957-12-20

The governments of Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey, having resolved to promote the development of the production and uses of nuclear energy in the Member countries of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation between these countries and the harmonisation of national measures; considering that the joint action undertaken to this end in the Organisation is intended to develop the European nuclear industry for purely peaceful ends and must not further any military purpose; considering that at its meeting of' 18 July, 1956, the Council of the Organisation decided to establish to this effect an international security control; considering that by a Decision dated this day the Council has established, within the Organisation, a European Nuclear Energy Agency with the task of pursuing the joint action undertaken; have agreed the present convention. The governments party to the Convention, desirous of determining in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention the organisation of the Tribunal established by the said Article and the status of its judges; have agreed upon the provisions which are annexed to the Convention.

La descongestión en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa. Una visión desde el Tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca

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Leonardo Augusto Torres Calderón

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La Jurisdicción de lo Contencioso Administrativo está muy congestionada. Para solucionar esta situación son necesarias varias medidas: 1. Disminuir los términos de caducidad (plazo legal dentro del cual la persona perjudicada debe presentar la demanda, vencido el cual ya no es posible formularla de las acciones contenciosas ordinarias; 2. Exigir a los abogados litigantes la presentación, como anexos de la demanda o de su contestación, de la mayoría de los documentos que quieran hacer valer en el proceso para disminuir el periodo probatorio y de las pruebas practicadas dentro del mismo; 3. Aumentar tanto los gastos que debe sufragar el demandante para que se le tramite el proceso, como la imposición de costas (multa pecuniaria que se impone a una de las partes para la parte vencida en el pleito; 4. Transferir a la Jurisdicción Ordinaria Civil, asuntos actualmente asignados a la Contenciosa y en especial los procesos ejecutivos, los de restitución de inmueble arrendado y los de responsabilidad por falla médica; 5. Eliminar acciones constitucionales mal diseñadas por el legislador, que no han tenido una eficacia real, como la acción de repetición (cuando la entidad pública condenada a pagar una indemnización demanda al servidor público causante de la condena, las acciones populares por moralidad pública y las acciones de grupo; 6. Equilibrar las cargas dentro de las secciones del Tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca, de tal suerte que parte de los asuntos de las muy congestionadas secciones Segunda y Tercera (el nombre de las Salas de decisión dentro del Tribunal, pase a la Primera y la Cuarta, bastante descongestionadas; 7. Extender la perención (terminación anormal del proceso por inactividad de la parte demandante en contra de las entidades públicas demandantes cuando estas no cumplen con sus cargas procesales; 8. Eliminar la aprobación de las conciliaciones prejudiciales por parte de los Tribunales Administrativos

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) presenting with an unusually prolonged period of marked polyuria heralded by an abrupt oliguric phase.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramoutar, Virin; Landa, Cristian; James, Leighton R

2014-08-22

A 50-year-old African-American man presented with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) secondary to hypotension from non-typhoid Salmonella gastroenteritis and bacteraemia. The oliguric phase lasted only 24 h followed by prolonged polyuria for 20 days, with urine output in excess of 16 L/day at maximum. As indexed in PubMed this is only the second published case of this nature since 1974, in which an abrupt oliguric phase of 24 h or less heralded prolonged polyuria in ATN. The diagnosis is challenging as fractional excretion of sodium early in the clinical course and rapid normalisation of serum creatinine with intravenous fluids (IVF) may point towards prerenal azotaemia resulting in a premature discharge from hospital. Patients with an abrupt oliguric phase may suffer a secondary renal insult from the profound fluid loss that is to follow and may need inpatient monitoring with supplemental IVF to prevent deleterious outcomes. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Entanglement with negative Wigner function of almost 3,000 atoms heralded by one photon.

Science.gov (United States)

McConnell, Robert; Zhang, Hao; Hu, Jiazhong; Ćuk, Senka; Vuletić, Vladan

2015-03-26

Quantum-mechanically correlated (entangled) states of many particles are of interest in quantum information, quantum computing and quantum metrology. Metrologically useful entangled states of large atomic ensembles have been experimentally realized, but these states display Gaussian spin distribution functions with a non-negative Wigner quasiprobability distribution function. Non-Gaussian entangled states have been produced in small ensembles of ions, and very recently in large atomic ensembles. Here we generate entanglement in a large atomic ensemble via an interaction with a very weak laser pulse; remarkably, the detection of a single photon prepares several thousand atoms in an entangled state. We reconstruct a negative-valued Wigner function--an important hallmark of non-classicality--and verify an entanglement depth (the minimum number of mutually entangled atoms) of 2,910 ± 190 out of 3,100 atoms. Attaining such a negative Wigner function and the mutual entanglement of virtually all atoms is unprecedented for an ensemble containing more than a few particles. Although the achieved purity of the state is slightly below the threshold for entanglement-induced metrological gain, further technical improvement should allow the generation of states that surpass this threshold, and of more complex Schrödinger cat states for quantum metrology and information processing. More generally, our results demonstrate the power of heralded methods for entanglement generation, and illustrate how the information contained in a single photon can drastically alter the quantum state of a large system.

Personality disorders and criminal law: an international perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Sparr, Landy F

2009-01-01

At the International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), a detention camp guard, charged with acts of murder and torture, advanced a plea of diminished responsibility. Defense psychiatrists testified that he had a personality disorder that influenced his ability to control his behavior, but a prosecution expert testified that the guard did not meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Thus, the unresolved question of how the law defines a mental disease or defect for purposes of mitigation or excuse was transposed to an international setting. It has been argued in a variety of jurisdictions and national legal systems that exculpatory mental disorders must be serious, and personality disorders should not qualify. In fact, it has been proposed that the volitional aspect of excuse defenses be eliminated, and definitions of mental disease or defect narrowed. Others have argued that such exclusions are too restrictive and arbitrary. This article examines the criminal defense at ICTY and traces its origin in national jurisdictions. Mental incapacity defenses based on personality disorders are more often used in The Netherlands, England, Germany and Belgium, but seldom in Canada and rarely in the United States and Sweden.

Yuran: una herramienta informática para el fortalecimiento del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad en el Honorable Tribunal de Cuentas de la provincia de Buenos Aires

OpenAIRE

Coronel, Juan Enrique; Pardo, Sebastián; Groizard, Mariano; Márquez, Germán

2016-01-01

Se presenta a Yuran, como una solución informática para facilitar la comunicación y el conocimiento de todos los procesos y procedimientos documentados que exige el estándar ISO 9001, en el ámbito del Honorable Tribunal de Cuentas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Esta herramienta facilita la interacción y trazabilidad entre los responsables de procesos y el área de Gestión de Calidad, en pos de difundir la gestión por procesos, fortalecer el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad y promover la mejora ...

Convention on the establishment of a security control in the field of nuclear energy. Protocol on the tribunal established by the convention on the establishment of a security control in the field of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1957-01-01

The governments of Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey, having resolved to promote the development of the production and uses of nuclear energy in the Member countries of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation between these countries and the harmonisation of national measures; considering that the joint action undertaken to this end in the Organisation is intended to develop the European nuclear industry for purely peaceful ends and must not further any military purpose; considering that at its meeting of' 18 July, 1956, the Council of the Organisation decided to establish to this effect an international security control; considering that by a Decision dated this day the Council has established, within the Organisation, a European Nuclear Energy Agency with the task of pursuing the joint action undertaken; have agreed the present convention. The governments party to the Convention, desirous of determining in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention the organisation of the Tribunal established by the said Article and the status of its judges; have agreed upon the provisions which are annexed to the Convention

Jurisdição Constitucional Brasileira: O Papel dos Princípios Constitucionais na Construção do Direito pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabella Karla Lima dos Santos

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho aborda o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal diante da nova realidade da Jurisdição Constitucional brasileira, a qual prioriza uma Interpretação Constitucional mais valorativa, dando destaque aos Princípios, como forma de garantir o exercício dos Direitos Fundamentais previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Como guardião da constituição, o STF tem tido posicionamentos mais concretistas, garantindo o respeito aos Princípios Fundamentais da Ordem Jurídica brasileira, mesmo diante da inercia do Legislativo em exercer a sua função de editar leis integrativas infraconstitucionais para regulamentar normas constitucionais de eficacia limitada, isto e, que precisam de regulamentação para produzir todos os seus efeitos.

31 CFR 587.201 - Prohibited transactions involving blocked property.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... open indictment by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, subject to applicable..., to maintain or reestablish illegitimate control over the political processes or institutions or the...

75 FR 33376 - Determination Related to Serbia Under Section 7072(c) of the Department of State, Foreign...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-11

... is: (1) Cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, including... to end Serbian financial, political, security and other support which has served to maintain separate...

46 CFR 503.86 - Public access to records.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or...) Trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or...

45 CFR 503.24 - Grounds for closing a meeting.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the... trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or...

40 CFR 1603.7 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed or information may be withheld.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the... withheld; (d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and...

22 CFR 1004.4 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or... particular types of matters to be withheld; (d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial...

45 CFR 1802.4 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed, or information may be withheld.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the... secrets and commercial and financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential; (e...

29 CFR 2203.3 - Public attendance at Commission meetings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct... particular types of matters to be withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial...

Trends in the Mental Health Act Review Tribunals: a Welsh experience 2004-2008.

Science.gov (United States)

Aziz, V M

2009-10-01

This study aims at identifying any local trend in the appeal process and to determine if we are complying with the MHA 1983 and the Code of Practice by reviewing all the appeals to Mental Health Review Tribunals in a psychiatric hospital in South Wales for the period from 2004 to 2008. The total numbers of sections and appeals remain steady over the years. Men are slightly more detained than women mainly under Sections 2 and 3 of the MH Act 1983. The main diagnoses for detention were: bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia and psychosis. 95% of cases had appeals and 5% referrals. A hearing was held in 52% of cases (n=60), the RMO discharged 38% of patients and the patient withdrew appeal in 10% of cases. 95% of cases were British White ethnicity. Single men tended to appeal more than women 68% vs. 32%. There was no observed trend in the result of the appeals and the proportions of appeal discharged by the hearing remained unchanged. The results of the appeals were not associated with gender, ethnicity, marital status, age or the type of section involved. The patients who were previously detained tend to appeal more, i.e. the more number of detentions, the more number of appeals. In only 12% of cases who had the hearings, the appeal was successful and the patients were discharged from their sections. The study shows steady volume of sections and appeals and the appeals are no more likely to result in discharge. The amendments of the Act 2007 also attract an increase in the appeal process especially in relation to the Community Treatment Orders and the Deprivation of Liberty. The use of both the Act and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 will increase workload for all involved practitioners. 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine.

Expression of Justice or Political Trial? Discursive Battles in the Karadžić Case

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijers, T.; Glasius, M.

2013-01-01

This article examines the discourses of prosecution and defence in the case of Radovan Karadžić before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. It contributes to current debates about the legitimacy and utility of international criminal justice, which have tended to neglect the

10 CFR 9.104 - Closed meetings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... administrative agency, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the... to be withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a...

12 CFR 261b.5 - Exemptions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the... withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and...

EUTELSAT is not answering anymore, the ILOAT has cut them off

CERN Multimedia

Association du personnel

2010-01-01

On 3rd February, the ILOAT (International Labour Organization Administrative Tribunal, which is also our tribunal) delivered a judgement which has had us thinking ever since. This decision could, in certain circumstances, infringe upon the pension rights of international civil servants. Here we explain a case resulting in social decline. Founded in 1982, the organization EUTELSAT effectively started working in 1985. Its objective was to provide the space segment required for international public telecommunications services in Europe. In 1987, a pension fund was created to provide for the future needs of the recruited international civil servants. Following the liberalization of the telecommunications market in the early 1990s, the European Commission advocated reform of the intergovernmental telecommunications satellite organizations in 1993. In the case of EUTELSAT, the aim was to place its operations on a competitive footing. In 1999 the decision was made by the Member States concerned and, with a wave of ...

45 CFR 1703.202 - Provisions under which a meeting may be closed.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an... to be withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a...

45 CFR 2505.4 - On what grounds may the Board close a meeting or withhold information?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by... withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld; (d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial...

12 CFR 311.3 - Meetings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an... commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential; (5) Involve...

76 FR 34123 - Determination Related to Serbia Under Section 7072(c) of the Department of State, Foreign...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-10

... certify that the Government of Serbia is: (1) cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for the... consistent with the Dayton Accords to end Serbian financial, political, security and other support which has...

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: A Distorting Mirror ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Angela

certainly at work in Rwanda, where an estimated one million people from a ... See Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, US Efforts to Promote Human .... Part 2 of the article provides a tour d'horizon of Rwanda's history, aimed at bringing ..... misleading and distorts the overall vision and dialectics necessary for the.

Revista de Derecho Electoral del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica: Diez años de aportar a la reflexión sobre democracia y elecciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ileana Aguilar Olivares

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La gestión de conocimiento es una tarea inherente en la función pública. La necesidad de propiciar espacios para la divulgación de ese conocimiento ha llevado a varias instituciones a la creación de publicaciones para su difusión. El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, consciente de dicha necesidad, crea en el año 2006 la Revista de Derecho Electoral en formato digital y de acceso abierto, con el objetivo de propiciar y difundir el conocimiento que día a día se genera en el área de democracia y elecciones. El artículo realiza un repaso por los principales aportes de la Revista durante sus diez años de existencia.

45 CFR 1622.5 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed or information withheld.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an... matters to be withheld; (c) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a...

12 CFR 912.4 - Closed meetings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an... refers to particular types of matters to be withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets or commercial or...

22 CFR 507.4 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct or... withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld; (d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial...

22 CFR 1500.5 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... or proceeding, or an arbitration; or an action in a foreign court or international tribunal; or the... withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information which has been obtained from a...

45 CFR 702.53 - Closed meetings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an... types of matters to be withheld; (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information...

Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Woehrel, Steven

2008-01-01

Since FY2001, Congress has conditioned U.S. aid to Serbia on a presidential certification that Serbia has met certain conditions, including cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY...

Afro-pessimist discourse as a war song against the enemy, Africa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

francis

violence, internal and international political crises, zero-tolerance attitudes which ... coverage in the media, first by the New York Herald, then by the French press, ... humanitarian, political and scientific Foundation dedicated to Africa.

7 CFR 1600.6 - Bases for closing a meeting to the public.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an... refers to particular types of matters to be withheld. (4) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or...

2015 Annual Report of Chapter VI of the Staff Rules and Regulations (Settlement of disputes and discipline) - HR Department

CERN Document Server

Lalande, Amanda

2016-01-01

The 2015 Annual Report under Chapter VI (“Settlement of Disputes and Discipline”) of the Staff Rules and Regulations serves to report cases of submission of requests for review; internal appeals; complaints before the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT); and cases in which disciplinary action was taken.

2016 Annual Report of Chapter VI of the Staff Rules and Regulations (Settlement of disputes and discipline) - HR Department

CERN Document Server

Lalande, Amanda

2017-01-01

The 2016 Annual Report under Chapter VI (“Settlement of Disputes and Discipline”) of the Staff Rules and Regulations serves to report cases of submission of requests for review; internal appeals; complaints before the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT); and cases in which disciplinary action was taken.

The Dynamics of Sustained Environmental Resource Crisis in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nekky Umera

Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info. An International ..... The aggression and approval principle on the other hand, stresses that there are two sides to every .... Biodun O. (1995) Playing Game with Murderers. Nigerian Tribune.

O princípio da capacidade contributiva na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal The ability to pay principle in the decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonel Cesarino Pessôa

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aplicação do princípio da capacidade contributiva pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. A partir de uma pesquisa realizada no site do tribunal, foram verificadas setenta ocorrências das palavras-chave " capacidade contributiva" nos acórdãos da suprema corte brasileira até novembro de 2008. Para analisar as decisões, partiu-se dos trabalhos de alguns juristas italianos, em especial de Pietro Boria, que procuraram mostrar como, na itália, o princípio da capacidade contributiva foi aplicado tanto na proteção do interesse do contribuinte, como na proteção do interesse do fisco. Os acórdãos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com o interesse protegido e a matéria envolvida. Concluiu-se que, no Brasil, ainda que, às vezes, o princípio tenha sido utilizado na proteção do interesse do contribuinte, foi quase sempre aplicado para a proteção do interesse do fisco.The objective of this paper is to analyze the application of the 'ability to pay' principle to decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court. In research carried out on the court website, the term 'ability to pay' appeared 70 times in court decisions, until November, 2008. In order to analyze the decisions, I began with texts from Italian jurists, especially Pietro Boria, who sought to demonstrate that the ability to pay principle in Italy is applied both in the protection of taxpayer interests as well as the protection of the state. Decisions were divided into five groups, according to the interest protected and the subject involved. I concluded that, although some times the principle has been applied in the protection of the taxpayer interests, it was almost always applied in the protection of the state interests.

A DECISÃO DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL QUE RECONHECEU A UNIÃO ESTÁVEL HOMOAFETIVA NO BRASIL: A PRIMEIRA GRANDE BATA LHA CONTRA A HOMOFOBIA FOI VENCIDA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iriana Munhoz

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El concepto de familia no puede estar vinculada sólo a "el matrimonio, el sexo y la reproducción." El concepto de familia moderna debe comprenderse en uno más amplio, que se debe reconocer sin prejuicios ni discriminación, el afecto y la felicidad son básicos para su definición. Habida cuenta de la omisión legislativa, la reciente decisión de la Corte Suprema reconoce que la unión homosexual estable va al encuentro de este nuevo paradigma. Con cuidado para proteger a este grupo vulnerable, nuestro Tribunal Constitucional rompe "tabúes" y respeta los principios fundamentales de nuestra ley suprema, lo que demuestra que la libertad de la libre orientación sexual forma parte de la dignidad humana.

The World War II Era and Human Rights Education

Science.gov (United States)

Waters, Stewart; Russell, William B., III

2012-01-01

International revulsion at the violation of human rights during World War II helped spark a global movement to define and protect individual human rights. Starting with the creation of war crimes tribunals after the war, this newfound awareness stimulated a concerted international effort to establish human rights for all, both in periods of war…

Application of the United Nations convention on contracts for TEH international sale of goods when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a contracting state

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jovanović Marko

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The paper examines the problems with respect to the application of the UN Sales Convention (CISG by virtue of its Article 1(1(b. To that effect, the author analyzes the legal nature of this provision, describes the prerequisites for its application and explains the relevance of different rules of private international law for the application of the CISG. A special attention is given to the effects of Article 95 reservation. The author presents arguments against a widely spread opinion that the Article 1(1(b is in itself a conflict-of-laws rule, suggests that this provision is suitable to be applied both by courts and arbitral tribunals and explains the importance of the rules on classification and renvoi for the application of the CISG. With respect to the effect of Article 95 reservation, the author gives precedence to the position of the applicable law, rather than the law of the forum, concerning this reservation.

77 FR 51604 - Certification Related to the Khmer Rouge Tribunal

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-24

...-governmental organizations (NGOs) monitoring the ECCC agree that proceedings throughout met international... received widespread attention from U.S. and international media, and concerns about corruption led many to... of Cambodians have confidence in the court. A recent poll by the International Republican Institute...

The Prosecution of Incitement to Genocide in South Africa | van der ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Prosecution of Incitement to Genocide in South Africa. ... The creation of the crime was a direct result of the horrific effects of acts of incitement ... thereof as interpreted and applied by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).

Western Dilemma

CERN Multimedia

Sampson,A

1977-01-01

L'association du personnel présente Anthony Sampson, écrivain connu dans le monde entier par ses nombreux ouvrages et publications (International Harold Tribune, Observer, News Week). Il nous parle du commerce des armes et du Moyen Orient.

EU Overriding Mandatory Law and the Applicable Law on the Substance in International Commercial Arbitration

NARCIS (Netherlands)

X.E. Kramer (Xandra)

2017-01-01

markdownabstractThe position of mandatory law and public policy in arbitration has been extensively discussed for quite a number of years, however, there is little consensus on the role of arbitral tribunal in applying EU overriding mandatory law. At the same time, it is clear that (overriding)

La jurisdicción del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en casos de extradición. A propósito del caso Klein c. Rusia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Schneider

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Analizamos la decisión del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos –TEDH– en el caso Klein c. Rusia de un ciudadano israelí requerido en extradición por Colombia para la ejecución de una sentencia por entrenamiento de grupos paramilitares. La decisión es presentada en el marco más amplio de la jurisprudencia del TEDH en casos de extradición desde Estados europeos a terceros Estados donde existe el riesgo de violación de los derechos humanos. Desarrollamos los principios que el TEDH aplica en estos casos y verificamos su aplicación en el caso Klein c. Rusia, tomando en cuenta también la opinión separada de los jueces minoritarios. En las conclusiones presentamos una perspectiva sobre cómo evitar la impunidad de perpetradores de violaciones de derechos humanos que no pueden ser extraditados por razones humanitarias.

Trafficking in human beings, enslavement, crimes against humanity: unravelling the concepts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Wilt, H.

2014-01-01

This article explores the conceptual relationship between trafficking in human beings, enslavement and crimes against humanity. The analysis of case law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the European Court on Human Rights reveals that, while trafficking in human

Commentary (Pre-Trial Detention in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia )

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marchuk, Iryna

2015-01-01

Most international criminal courts and tribunals find provisional detention absolutely necessary to ensure the swift delivery of justice. A decision on pre-trial detention must be in conformity with well-recognized human rights standards, thus respecting the person’s right to a fair trial...... and upholding the presumption of evidence. Although the general assumption in criminal law is that pre-trial detention is the exception and not the rule, a number of factors, such as the gravity of the crimes, as well as heightened flight risk of the accused, appear to have reversed the test employed...... in international criminal courts and tribunals. To date, all provisional detention orders against former members of the inner circle of Pol Pot, except for one, have been re-affirmed on appeal in the ECCC. This commentary appraises the ECCC case law on pre-trial detention from the standpoint of its conformity...

Caminhos para uma análise discursiva da voz na defesa do tribunal do júri: o excesso, a falta, o estranhamento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clóris Freire Dorow

2017-11-01

Full Text Available O referido artigo discute a questão da falta, do excesso e do estranhamento, tendo como materialidade discursiva o discurso jurídico da defesa em um tribunal do júri. A vertente teórica, que embasa esta discussão, é a Análise de Discurso francesa. No discurso jurídico escolhido, observou-se uma argumentação bastante puderam-se observar dois aspectos que sobressaem na argumentação: as formações imaginárias que tentam prever quem é o interlocutor e os esquecimentos número um e número dois que propiciam a ilusão de que o sujeito articula seu discurso de forma criativa e única, sendo que a grande meta do sujeito discursivo da defesa é destruir a argumentação de seu opositor. A partir dessas constatações, procurou-se então partir para a análise, e na escolha do corpus, foi essencial o aporte teórico trazido pelos aspectos abordados por Ernst, que constituem percursos eivados de perspectivas para o analista de discurso.

A família, a violência e a justiça: conflitos violentos familiares, Lei Maria da Penha e concepções jurídicas no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul = Family, violence and justice: violent conflicts in the familiar context, Maria da Penha law and juridical conceptions a the Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasconcellos, Fernanda Bestetti de

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo busca trazer dados acerca das modificações no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, relacionadas com os processos de democratização e transformações sociais nas relações familiares no contexto nacional, no sentido de apresentar algumas das limitações burocráticas do estado em categorizar e legitimar diferentes configurações familiares. Para tanto, são observadas decisões judiciais apresentadas em diferentes âmbitos do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (TJ/RS sobre conflitos de competências entre juizados criminais, de família e de infância e ju- ventude para a administração de conflitos violentos familiares enquadrados pela Lei Maria da Penha

Proofing the ban on ‘witness proofing': did the ICC get it right?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vasiliev, S.

2009-01-01

This paper focuses on the reasons for disaccord between the ICC and the more seasoned international criminal tribunals on the issue of allowing substantive preparation of witnesses for testifying in court. The rationales behind the opposing decisions and the ensuing debate on the legitimacy and

Kunarac, Kovac, and Vukovic case (Foca)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Brouwer, A.L.M.

2001-01-01

The annotation discusses the prosecution of sexual violence crimes against women before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the Kunarac, Kovac, and Vukovic case (Foca). It is specifically focussed on the definition of rape, the prosecution of rape as a crime

Sadhana | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The jurisdiction for all disputes concerning submitted articles, published material, subscription and sale will be at courts/tribunals situated in Bengaluru City only. International Subscriptions are processed by Springer (www.springer.com). The Americas (North, South, Central and the Caribbean): journals.NY@springer.com.

76 FR 38000 - Removal of Certain Sanctions Regulations Relating to the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-29

... introduce new measures to support the work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (``ICTY''), address the illegitimate control over FRY(S&M) political institutions and economic resources...) political processes or institutions or economic resources or enterprises. To implement the new measures...

Polish Democracy Under Threat? An Issue of Mere Politics or a Real Danger?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jankovic Sava

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Poland has recently experienced a constitutional crisis. The crisis involves the role of the Law and Justice Party (PiS in the election of judges and amendments to the Constitutional Tribunal Act which threatens the independence of the Tribunal. The situation is exacerbated by changes in the media, civil service, police, and prosecution laws introduced by the ruling party. This article analyses the changes, as well as the domestic and international reactions to the crisis, and considers whether the heavy criticism of the PiS is justified, or whether it results from, for instance, specific characteristics of the Polish political system and an unfavourable opinion in Europe about the Law and Justice party.

The right to appeal on criminal procedure under international acts and jurisprudence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MSc. Vilard Bytyqi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The right to appeal, respectively the right on complaint as per our legal vocabulary, constitutes the basic trunk of the second phase of court decisions in a certain procedure, in particular the criminal proceedings. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the main notions of appeal, but also in other aspects through the comparative description it aims to bring more clarity in differences and similarities that exist in between the appeal which is used in our criminal proceedings and the appeal which is used in the criminal proceedings that take place in the supranational courts. It is known that in courts which consist of international elements, the appeal is positioned in a more advanced level, due to the fact that there are grounds of suspicion used over every element that could be used in any national criminal proceedings. Overall, in any place of the world, the appeal has the goal to remedy court decisions brought by the court of first instance, while, in the procedural aspect it has more or less differences depending on the regulations of criminal procedures of that state.  Such difference due to the diversity of the legal systems today are also accepted as the universal legal value, since establishment of international tribunals provides the best practice in this field.

Remedies for moral damage before the European Court of Human Rights: Cyprus v. Turkey case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Đajić Sanja

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This article provides the overview of the Cyprus v. Turkey judgment, a recently decided case before the Grand Chamber of the European Court for Human Rights. This is the first inter-State case which ended with pecuniary judgment for moral damages. The article begins with the overview of factual and legal issues in the Cyprus v. Turkey case which is followed by contextualizing this judgment within the general legal framework regarding moral damages and remedies available. The second part provides the insight into the case law of the International Court of Justice, European Court for Human Rights and international investment arbitration in order to assess the status of moral damages under general international law. While all international courts and tribunals recognize moral damage as a cause of action, they seem to respond differently to the issue of remedies. International Court of Justice seems to favour declaratory over pecuniary judgments; European Court of Human Rights tend to award both non-pecuniary and pecuniary remedies for moral damages; international investment tribunals seem to favour pecuniary remedies for moral damages. A separate issue is whether international law permits or rather proscribes punitive damages. While the ILC finds that general international law does not allow for punitive damages there are different opinions, at least within the ECHR setting, that moral damages are inherently punitive for fault-based conduct of the responsible state.

Judicialização da saúde e a audiência pública convocada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em 2009: o que mudou de lá para cá?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dalila F. Gomes

Full Text Available Em 2009, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF convocou uma Audiência Pública para discutir a judicialização, quando foram ministradas 51 palestras. Utilizando o método descritivo-analítico, sistematizaram-se os argumentos, visando identificar potenciais medidas para contornar o problema e analisar o que foi feito até então. As políticas públicas possuem algumas falhas ao aplicar, no caso concreto, os princípios do SUS, e a judicialização deve ser vista como um instrumento excepcional, não como regra do sistema. As principais medidas adotadas foram o uso de evidência científica na tomada de decisão do Executivo e do Judiciário e a sustentabilidade do financiamento das aúde. Em ambos os casos, houve avanços significativos.

La opinión consultiva del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar: Aspectos relativos a la determinación del vínculo efectivo entre los Estados y las personas jurídicas a las que patrocinan para llevar a cabo actividades en la Zona

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Nicolás Guerrero Peniche

2012-12-01

Full Text Available No obstante la existencia de un instrumento convencional en la ma­teria, el derecho del mar en general, y lo relativo a la explotación de minerales en la Zona, se encuentra aún en una fase de puesta en práctica y de definición fina de los derechos y obligaciones de los Estados. Uno de los ejemplos que se ha hecho patente es lo relativo a las obligaciones de aquellos Estados que pa­trocinan a particulares a fin de llevar actividades de exploración y explotación de los recursos de la Zona. Esta cuestión fue remitida en 2010 por la Autoridad Internacional de Fondos Marinos al Tribunal Internacional de Derecho del Mar a fin de que este la dilucidara. La Opinión Consultiva que emitió el Tribunal presenta conclusiones de particular relevancia en materia de la de­terminación de un vínculo efectivo entre las personas jurídicas y los Estados que las patrocinan. Esta cuestión, que juega un papel determinante a fin de lograr una eficaz protección del medio marino en el marco del mecanismo de patrocinio para la exploración y explotación de los recursos en la Zona, conlleva importantes consecuencias para las actividades en áreas reservadas.

Introduction to Juries and Mixed Tribunals across the Globe: New Developments, Common Challenges and Future Directions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy S. Marder

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The introduction to the special issue describes the goals of the conference on Juries and Mixed Tribunals across the Globe, and identifies themes that emerged as jury scholars from all over the world examined different forms of lay participation in legal decision-making. The introduction focuses on common challenges that different systems of lay participation face, including the selection of impartial fact finders and the presentation of complex cases to lay citizens. The introduction and special issue articles also highlight new developments and innovative practices to address these challenges, including some tools, like decision trees, that remain highly controversial. The introduction closes by emphasizing the enduring political importance of citizen participation in law. La introducción a este número especial describe los objetivos de la conferencia sobre jurados y tribunales mixtos en el mundo, e identifica los temas que surgieron cuando académicos de todo el mundo especializados en jurados analizaron diferentes formas de participación de legos en la toma de decisiones jurídicas. La introducción se centra en los desafíos comunes a los que se enfrentan los diferentes sistemas de participación de legos, incluyendo la selección de jurados imparciales y la presentación de casos complejos a ciudadanos profanos en la materia. La introducción y el número especial también destacan nuevos desarrollos y prácticas innovadoras para afrontar estos retos, incluyendo algunas herramientas, como los árboles de decisiones, que todavía son muy controvertidas. La introducción finaliza, haciendo hincapié en la importancia política duradera de la participación ciudadana en el derecho. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2785708

Cross-Examining the Past : Transitional Justice, Mass Atrocity Trials and History in Africa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bouwknegt, Thijs Bastiaan

2017-01-01

As some of the first modern-day international (-ised) ad hoc tribunals and hybrid courts have fulfilled their mandates, this dissertation provides a first glance at what they have accomplished, appraises their inheritance and plunges into the vast archives they have produced along the way. Chipping

46 CFR 503.79 - Exceptions-information pertaining to meeting.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... commercial or financial information, obtained from a person and privileged or confidential; (e) Involved with... a subpena, the agency's participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the...

32 CFR 242a.4 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed, or information may be withheld.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... and commercial or financial information obtained from a person, privileged or confidential; (e... a subpoena, or USUHS participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the USUHS of a...

Globalização e poder de estado: circulação internacional de elites e hierarquias do campo jurídico brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiano Engelmann

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Prenant comme point de départ la problématique de la mondialisation des travaux d'experts concernant l'État, on examine les conditions d'internationalisation du champ juridique brésilien visant surtout le rapport entre le capital international mobilisé par les juristes et la hiérarchisation dans ce champ. Cette analyse part surtout de la comparaison des trajectoires universitaires, professionnelles et politiques de trois segments représentatifs de l'élite juridique: enseignants dans les cours de doctorat en droit, avocats associés aux plus importants cabinets juridiques et ministres du Supérieur Tribunal de Justice et du Supérieur Tribunal Fédéral. Les divers liens avec l'espace international peuvent être rapportés aux différentes positions dans le champ juridique brésilien et à leur relation avec l'espace politique et économique.

Specifics of the Court of Arbitration in sport as an international arbitration body

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Galantić Miloš B.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The Court of arbitration in sport represents an arbitral body whose task is to resolve the most significant disputes in the international community, within the autonomy of sport. With its adaptation to the contemporary system of sovereign states, by applying the classical principles of arbitration, with some degree of correction due to the specificity of sport, as well as the application of appropriate norms of international public law, achieved a situation that arbitration decisions of the Court are final. Despite its importance in the international community, domestic legal theory does not pay adequate attention to the above phenomenon. The task of this paper is to draw attention of the wider legal population to the existence of the Court of Arbitration in Sport, as well as pointing out the specifics of the Court of Arbitration in Sport to those skilled in classic commercial arbitration. Smaller or greater variations from the classical principles of commercial arbitration are conditioned by the specificity of social relations in sport. The focus of the analysis is placed primarily on issues of the legal fiction of arbitral tribunal seat, mandatory clause of acceptance of jurisdiction, the existence of the closed list of arbitrators and the lack of choice of arbitrators in the case of Ad hoc divisions, prohibition of addressing to the ordinary courts to establish a temporary measures and exclusive jurisdiction of CAS in a given matter, the publication of arbitral awards and 24-hour deadline for the application of the prescribed procedures and decision-making in the case of Ad hoc divisions.

49 CFR 804.5 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed or information may be withheld.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... withheld; (d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and... subpoena, or the NTSB's participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the NTSB of a...

10 CFR 1704.4 - Grounds on which meetings may be closed or information may be withheld.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or... subpoena, or the Board's participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the Board of a...

‘One of the Challenges that Can Plausibly Be Raised Against Them’?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holtermann, Jakob v. H.

2017-01-01

International criminal tribunals (ICTs) are epistemic engines in the sense that they find (or claim to find) factual truths about such past events that qualify as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The value of this kind of knowledge would seem to be beyond dispute. Yet, in general...

Female perpetrators - ordinary and extra-ordinary women

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Smeulers, A.L.

2015-01-01

Only a very small percentage of the perpetrators convicted by international criminal courts and tribunals are women. This raises the question as to whether women are less evil than men. Within literature it is generally assumed that the genocide in Rwanda was unprecedented in relation to the role

75 FR 36782 - Unblocking of Specially Designated National Pursuant to Executive Order 13219, as Amended

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-28

..., sponsoring, or supporting: (i) Extremist violence in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, southern... determined: (A) To be under open indictment by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia... committing, acts of violence that have the purpose or effect of threatening the peace in or diminishing the...

Assessing Consent through External Signs. Three Cases of Madness, Repulsion and Love before the Tribunal of the Roman Rota (1579-1619

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabelle Poutrin

2017-11-01

Full Text Available How can it be assumed that an individual is incapable of giving consent or does not give it freely? This article analyses three cases handled by the Tribunal of the Roman Rota between 1579 and 1619: the case of a nun from the monastery of Odivelas (Portugal suffering from mental disorders, and two demands for nullification of marriage based on the grounds of duress exerted by immediate family; the case of Doña Antonia Portocarrero y Cárdenas, of the diocese of Seville, married to Don Felipe de Guzman y Aragón; and the case of Manuel de Meneses and Branca de Baredo of the diocese of Coimbra. The testimonies on file relate the words and actions of the main parties involved, revealing affects and intentions. Auditors embarked on a complex operation to translate this information into the language of the law, in the light of legal experts’ theories on individual responsibility and the nature of violence or constraints that may alter freedom of consent. Yet this also encompassed social practices and representations in which individual behaviours exist. This study illustrates the contrast between judges’ know-how in assessing the absence of consent regarding marriage or religious profession and the fact that these notions were not taken into account regarding consent to baptism.

La descongestión en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa. Una visión desde el tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Augusto Torres-Calderón

2010-03-01

Full Text Available La jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo está muy congestionada. Para solucionar esta situación, son necesarias varias medidas: La disminución de los términos de caducidad de las acciones contenciosas ordinarias; la disminución del  periodo  probatorio  y  de las pruebas practicadas dentro del mismo; el aumento de los gastos del proceso que debe sufragar el demandante para que se le tramite el proceso, y la imposición de costas para la parte vencida en el pleito; la transferencia de asuntos que actualmente están asigna­ dos a la jurisdicción contenciosa,  a la  jurisdicción  ordinaria  civil; la eliminación de acciones constitucionales mal diseñadas por el legislador, que no han tenido una eficacia real; la redistribución de competencias en las secciones del Tribunal Administrativo de Cundinamarca, para disminuir la carga laboral de las Secciones congestionadas; extensión de la perención en contra de las entidades públicas demandantes, cuando éstas no cumplen con sus car­ gas procesales; eliminación de la aprobación de las conciliaciones prejudiciales por parte de los tribunales administrativos, para que estas sean  aprobadas  en  sede administrativa.

18 CFR 1301.46 - Criteria for closing meetings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld; (d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial... subpena, or its participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by an agency of a...

Karadžić on trial: two procedural problems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sluiter, G.

2008-01-01

With Radovan Karadžić on trial in The Hague, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) is offered another opportunity to demonstrate it is capable of delivering expeditious and fair justice in high profile and highly complex cases. It is submitted here that the ICTY can

The Contextual Embedding of Genocide: A Casuistic Analysis of the Interplay between Law and Facts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cupido, M.

2014-01-01

This article discusses the contextual embedding of genocide in the case law of the ad hoc tribunals and the International Criminal Court. In particular, it seeks to clarify to what extent the courts require that an individual génocidaire acted in the context of a collective act. The article shows

Constitutionalising the Right Legal Representation at CCMA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Recently, the issue of legal representation at internal disciplinary hearings and CCMA arbitrations has been a fervent topic of labour law discourse in South Africa. While the courts have consistently accepted the common law principle that there is no absolute right to legal representation at tribunals other than courts of law, ...

Harming asylum seekers’ chances through poor use of human rights treaties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen Meili

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Over the past decade, UK courts and administrative tribunals havebecome increasingly comfortable relying on international human rightstreaties in cases where non-citizens claim asylum or other means ofprotection from persecution. However, this trend does not mean thatthese treaties have always been deployed by refugee lawyers in wayswhich benefit their clients.

100 key research questions for the post-2015 development agenda

OpenAIRE

Oldekop, J. A.; Fontana, L. B.; Grugel, J.; Roughton, N.; Adu-Ampong, E. A.; Bird, G. K.; Dorgan, A.; Vera Espinoza, M. A.; Wallin, S.; Hammett, D.; Agbarakwe, E.; Agrawal, A.; Asylbekova, N.; Azkoul, C.; Bardsley, C.

2016-01-01

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) herald a new phase for international development. This article presents the results of a consultative exercise to collaboratively identify 100 research questions of critical importance for the post-2015 international development agenda. The final shortlist is grouped into nine thematic areas and was selected by 21 representatives of international and non-governmental organisations and consultancies, and 14 academics with diverse disciplinary expertise ...

[Criminology and victimology of rape in context with war-like conflicts using the example of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda].

Science.gov (United States)

Nittmann, Christian; Franke, Barbara; Augustin, Christa; Püschel, Klaus

2012-01-01

The topic of this article is sexual violence in context with war-like conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The fundamental categories of sexual violence in war-like conflicts are described. The authors discuss the types of sexual violence as defined in the report of the UN Commission of Experts on the war-like conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. Four criminal trials were evaluated: three held before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague/Netherlands and one before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha/Tansania. The defendants were found guilty of torture, crime against humanity and genocide. Potential procedures with respect to similar crimes in current or prospective conflicts are discussed. An alternative may be the assignment of medical personnel (for example of the German Federal Armed Forces). Finally, the post-war cooperation between the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf as well as the medical and government institutions in Rwanda is presented, which has been going on since 2005.

Upholding pregnant women's right to life.

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Rebecca J; Dickens, Bernard M

2012-04-01

Recent decisions of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the High Court of Delhi have shown how the pregnancy-related deaths of individual women have been bases on which these authoritative tribunals have held Brazil, Paraguay, and India respectively accountable for avoidable maternal mortality not only in these cases, but also among their populations more generally. The right to life is the most fundamental of women's human rights, recognized in international human rights treaties and national laws. Failure of governments to apply their resources adequately to address, respect, and protect this right violates the law of human rights. These cases show, however, that governments may fail to allocate adequate resources to women's survival of pregnancy. Tribunals can build on the failures in individual cases to set standards of performance to which governments will legally be held to achieve safe motherhood. Copyright © 2012 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Crimes against humanity: the role of international courts.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eder Milton Schneider

Full Text Available We study the role of international tribunals, like the International Criminal Court (ICC, as an effective way of reducing the number and/or gravity of crimes against humanity. The action of the ICC is directed against leaders that promote or tolerate these kinds of crimes, that is, political authorities, army commanders, civil leaders, etc. In order to simulate the action of the ICC we build a hierarchical society where the most important leaders have the highest connectivity and can spread their points of view, or their orders, through a chain of less but still highly connected deputy chiefs or opinion chieftains. In this way, if they practice misconduct, corruption, or any kind of discriminatory or criminal actions against individuals or groups, it would very difficult and improbable that they will be prosecuted by the courts of their own country. It is to alleviate this situation that the ICC was created. Its mission is to process and condemn crimes against humanity though a supranational organism that can act on criminal leaders in any country. In this study, the action of the ICC is simulated by removing the corrupt leader and replacing it by a "decent" one. However, as the action of the corrupt leader could have spread among the population by the time the ICC acts, we try to determine if a unique action of the ICC is sufficient or if further actions are required, depending on the degree of deterioration of the human rights in the hypothetical country. The results evidence the positive effect of the ICC action with a relatively low number of interventions. The effect of the ICC is also compared with the action of the local national judiciary system.

Crimes against humanity: the role of international courts.

Science.gov (United States)

Schneider, Eder Milton; Iglesias, José Roberto; Hallberg, Karen; Kuperman, Marcelo Néstor

2014-01-01

We study the role of international tribunals, like the International Criminal Court (ICC), as an effective way of reducing the number and/or gravity of crimes against humanity. The action of the ICC is directed against leaders that promote or tolerate these kinds of crimes, that is, political authorities, army commanders, civil leaders, etc. In order to simulate the action of the ICC we build a hierarchical society where the most important leaders have the highest connectivity and can spread their points of view, or their orders, through a chain of less but still highly connected deputy chiefs or opinion chieftains. In this way, if they practice misconduct, corruption, or any kind of discriminatory or criminal actions against individuals or groups, it would very difficult and improbable that they will be prosecuted by the courts of their own country. It is to alleviate this situation that the ICC was created. Its mission is to process and condemn crimes against humanity though a supranational organism that can act on criminal leaders in any country. In this study, the action of the ICC is simulated by removing the corrupt leader and replacing it by a "decent" one. However, as the action of the corrupt leader could have spread among the population by the time the ICC acts, we try to determine if a unique action of the ICC is sufficient or if further actions are required, depending on the degree of deterioration of the human rights in the hypothetical country. The results evidence the positive effect of the ICC action with a relatively low number of interventions. The effect of the ICC is also compared with the action of the local national judiciary system.

A decisão judicial no Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil e a aplicação da teoria dos princípios de Robert Alexy : a ponderação como estratégia de argumentação jurídica

OpenAIRE

Peixoto, Fabiano Hartmann

2015-01-01

A temática da justificação e da correção das decisões judiciais colocou um interesse ainda maior na compreensão das conexões entre decidir e argumentar. A partir da teoria da argumentação jurídica e da teoria dos direitos fundamentais de Robert Alexy desenvolveram-se a ponderação e o so pesamento, direcionados à contribuição aos que buscam uma forma de racionalidade das opções decisórias. O Supremo Tribunal Federal, em especial, é frequentemente associado à ponderação e a Alexy quando enfrent...

Whither the Pulmonary Ward Attending? Preserving Subspecialty Exposure in United States Internal Medicine Residency Training.

Science.gov (United States)

Santhosh, Lekshmi; Babik, Jennifer; Looney, Mark R; Hollander, Harry

2017-04-01

Twenty years ago, the term "hospitalist" was coined at the University of California-San Francisco (San Francisco, CA), heralding a new specialty focused on the care of inpatients. There are now more than 50,000 hospitalists practicing in the United States. At many academic medical centers, hospitalists are largely replacing subspecialists as attendings on the inpatient medicine wards. At University of California-San Francisco, this has been accompanied by declining percentages of residency graduates who enter subspecialty training in internal medicine. The decline in subspecialty medicine interest can be attributed to many factors, including differences in compensation, decreased subspecialist exposure, and a changing research funding landscape. Although there has not been systematic documentation of this trend in pulmonary and critical care medicine, we have noted previously pulmonary and critical care-bound trainees switching to hospital medicine instead. With our broad, multiorgan system perspective, pulmonary and critical care faculty should embrace teaching general medicine. Residency programs have instituted creative solutions to encourage more internal medicine residents to pursue careers in subspecialty medicine. Some solutions include creating rotations that promote more contact with subspecialists and physician-scientists, creating clinician-educator tracks within fellowship programs, and appointing subspecialists to internal medicine residency leadership positions. We need more rigorous research to track the trends and implications of the generalist-specialist balance of inpatient ward teams on resident career choices, and learn what interventions affect those choices.

Responsabilidad civil derivada de la inclusión indebida en un registro de morosos

OpenAIRE

Lagunas Reyes, Lucia

2014-01-01

El presente trabajo se aborda con motivo de la reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) núm. 176/2013, de 6 marzo. Avanzando en la línea marcada por sentencias precedentes, el Tribunal Supremo declara que “la inclusión de datos personales en un registro de morosos por una deuda dudosa vulnera el derecho al honor”. La citada sentencia del Tribunal Supremo asume como propia la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo ya consolidada, según la cual la inclusión incorrecta de datos en u...

Gestão pública estadual: percepção dos gestores sobre a qualidade dos controles internos = Public management state: perception of managers about quality of internal controls

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro de Souza Junior

2016-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das práticas de controle interno evidenciadas no Relatório de Gestão, pelas Superintendências dos Estados brasileiros, e verificar a simetria de percepção sobre tais práticas. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos quadros de autoavaliação constantes Do Relatório de Gestão, reportado anualmente ao Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU. A análise quantitativa adota estatística descritiva e a entropia informacional, a qual possibilitou inferir sobre a qualidade das práticas de controle interno e a convergência ou divergência de percepções dos gestores das 24 Unidades da Federação investigadas. Os resultados evidenciaram que há aspectos e conceitos de controles internos mais bem gerenciados e esclarecidos dentro das Unidades Jurisdicionadas, como é o caso do ambiente de controle e a informação e comunicação. Por outro lado, também existem aspectos que trazem discordância de opiniões entre os gestores e as deficiências apontadas, conforme os valores atribuídos na autoavaliação. Indicam que alguns aspectos de controle interno requerem maior atenção, em especial a avaliação de riscos, os procedimentos de controle e o monitoramento. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of internal control practices highlighted in the Management Report, the Superintendence of Brazilian states, and to verify that the similarity in the perception of such practices. Data were collected from the tables of self-assessment contained in the Management Report, reported annually to the Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU (Court of Audit. Quantitative analysis adopts descriptive statistics and informational entropy, which made it possible to infer the quality of internal control practices and the convergence or divergence of perceptions of managers of 24 units of the Federation investigated. The results showed that there are aspects and concepts of internal controls better managed and

Public-Private Partnerships and the Role of Universities in "Sustainable Development"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lehmann, Martin; Christensen, Per; Hansen, Jens Aage

2006-01-01

The notion of Public-Private Partnerships has on several occasions been heralded as one of the pivotal mechanisms for a move towards more sustainable societies. Through such partnerships it is suggested that major stakeholders (governments, NGOs, international organisations, and the private sector...

Genome-wide analysis of multi-ancestry cohorts identifies new loci influencing intraocular pressure and susceptibility to glaucoma

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hysi, Pirro G.; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Springelkamp, Henriet; Macgregor, Stuart; Bailey, Jessica N. Cooke; Wojciechowski, Robert; Vitart, Veronique; Nag, Abhishek; Hewitt, Alex W.; Hohn, Rene; Venturini, Cristina; Mirshahi, Alireza; Ramdas, Wishal D.; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Vithana, Eranga; Khor, Chiea-Chuen; Stefansson, Arni B.; Liao, Jiemin; Haines, Jonathan L.; Amin, Najaf; Wang, Ya Xing; Wild, Philipp S.; Ozel, Ayse B.; Li, Jun Z.; Fleck, Brian W.; Zeller, Tanja; Staffieri, Sandra E.; Teo, Yik-Ying; Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel; Luo, Xiaoyan; Allingham, R. Rand; Richards, Julia E.; Senft, Andrea; Karssen, Lennart C.; Zheng, Yingfeng; Bellenguez, Celine; Xu, Liang; Iglesias, Adriana I.; Wilson, James F.; Kang, Jae H.; van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M.; Jonsson, Vesteinn; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Despriet, Dominiek D. G.; Ennis, Sarah; Moroi, Sayoko E.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Jansonius, Nomdo M.; Yazar, Seyhan; Tai, E-Shyong

2014-01-01

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in developing glaucoma, and variability in IOP might herald glaucomatous development or progression. We report the results of a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 18 population cohorts from the International Glaucoma

EL TRIBUNAL DEL JURADO EN ESTADOS UNIDOS, FRANCIA Y ESPAÑA: TRES MODELOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE JUSTICIA. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA EDUCACIÓN DEL CIUDADANO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mercedes Novo Pérez

2002-07-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo, desde el marco integrador de la Psicología Jurídica, planteamos una revisión histórica de la institución del Tribunal del Jurado desde sus antecedentes remotos hasta la regulación actual reflejada en tres arquetipos: el modelo estadounidense, el modelo francés y el modelo español. Además destacamos algunos hallazgos de la Psicología Jurídica que arrojan luz sobre el funcionamiento de la institución. Asimismo, reflexionamos sobre la situación actual en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico valorando, desde una óptica de propuestas de mejora, algunos puntos débiles en su funcionamiento. En este sentido, apelamos al rol de la educación institucionalizada, como medio privilegiado de culturización del ciudadano y de formación en valores relacionados con la justicia. La escuela se nos antoja como un canal de transmisión de valores y de formación de actitudes.

Transboundary aquifers: the response of international law and legal voids in Central America; Acuiferos transfronterizos: respuestas desde el derecho internacional y vacios en Centroamerica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boeglin, N.

2012-11-01

Central America is one of the regions of the world that will suffer the impact of climate change much more than others. The adoption of clear rules on the use of transboundary aquifers and on the need to preserve these groundwater reservoirs from serious pollution by the various states in the region is absolutely essential. Despite the lack of any bilateral or regional frameworks to rule on this issue, many general regulations have been adopted within the international framework of the United Nations that are applicable to shared surface and groundwater resources as well as to transboundary aquifers. The case of the Las Crucitas project in Costa Rica, halted by domestic tribunals thanks to the decisive action of its civilian society, reflects a clear lack of technical information concerning aquifers in Costa Rica, and probably in many other states in the region, despite the very valuable efforts being undertaken by the OAS and UNESCO under the aegis of the ISARM project for the Latin American region.

Administrative Appeals and ADR in Danish Administrative Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Conradsen, Inger Marie; Gøtze, Michael

2014-01-01

Administrative Appeals, review, administrative tribunals, ombudsman, alternative dispute resolution......Administrative Appeals, review, administrative tribunals, ombudsman, alternative dispute resolution...

Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Issue of Maritime Delimitation in the Law of the Sea

OpenAIRE

Lakićević-Đuranović, Bojana

2017-01-01

This paper aims to show the significance of maritime delimitation in the Law of the Sea, as well as the contribution of international jurisprudence to the creation of the rules of maritime delimitation. The decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the awards of arbitration tribunals are especially significant in the part of the Law of the Sea dealing with maritime delimitation. Based on the analysis of the principle of equity and the method of equidistance, the jurisprudence ...

Iranian-Venezuelan Relations and Impacts on the United States

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-01

COMITEE FARC REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA FTA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FTAA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT AREA IAEA INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY...Latin America,” The Miami Herald, Mar . 14, 2012. 20 Jaime Daremblum, Iran and Latin America (Hudson Institute, 2011). 21 Countering Iran in the

The Texts of the Agency's Agreements with the United Nations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1963-01-01

The text of the Special Agreement extending the jurisdiction of the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency regarding the applications of officials of this organization alleging non-observance of the Regulations of the Pension Fund UN staff, comes into force October 18, 1963, is reproduced in this document for the information of all Members of the Agency [fr

The Texts of the Agency's Agreements with the United Nations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1963-01-01

The text of the Special Agreement extending the jurisdiction of the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency regarding the applications of officials of this organization alleging non-observance of the Regulations of the Pension Fund UN staff, comes into force October 18, 1963, is reproduced in this document for the information of all Members of the Agency

The Texts of the Agency's Agreements with the United Nations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1963-12-02

The text of the Special Agreement extending the jurisdiction of the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency regarding the applications of officials of this organization alleging non-observance of the Regulations of the Pension Fund UN staff, comes into force October 18, 1963, is reproduced in this document for the information of all Members of the Agency.

Arbitrating a fiction: Canadian federalism and the Nova Scotia/Newfoundland and Labrador boundary dispute

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baier, G. [University of British Columbia, Dept. of Political Science, Vancouver, BC(Canada); Groarke, P.

2003-09-30

The dispute between the provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, regarding ownership of natural resources to be found in the offshore area lying between the two provinces is discussed. Constitutionally, ownership of offshore natural resources belongs to the federal government. In this instance, the intention was to share control over development and revenues with the provinces through joint management accords, however, a dispute over offshore boundary arose, which eventually resulted in an arbitration tribunal. This paper analyzes the terms of reference for the tribunal and its findings, and concludes that the tribunal process was flawed. The authors cast doubts on the appropriateness of the tribunal's role, the method by which it reached its decision, and the legality of its findings. They conclude that the tribunal merely cloaks a political decision in legal garb since there are no genuine boundaries between the provinces, and the tribunal process simply apportioned federal resources between two provinces. The authors ultimately conclude that by resorting to the tribunal process the federal minister of natural resources was able to avoid political responsibility for making an unpopular decision by relying on a pseudo-judicial body for technical recommendations, and in so doing undermined the legitimacy of the Canadian federal system by obscuring the already murky lines of accountability of the federal and provincial governments. 57 end notes.

The Right to Appeal as a Fundamental Right under International Acts and Jurisprudence, with Special Emphasis on Criminal Procedure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vilard BYTYQI

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The right to appeal, respectively the right on complaint as per our legal vocabulary, constitutes the basic trunk of the second phase of court decisions in a certain procedure, in particular the criminal proceedings. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the main notions of appeal, but also in other aspects through the comparative description it aims to bring more clarity in differences and similarities that exist in between the appeal which is used in our criminal proceedings and the appeal which is used in the criminal proceedings that take place in the supranational courts. It is known that in courts which consist of international elements, the appeal is positioned in a more advanced level, due to the fact that there are grounds of suspicion used over every element that could be used in any national criminal proceedings. Overall, in any place of the world, the appeal has the goal to remedy court decisions brought by the court of first instance, while, in the procedural aspect it has more or less differences depending on the regulations of criminal procedures of that state. Such difference due to the diversity of the legal systems today are also accepted as the universal legal value, since establishment of international tribunals provides the best practice in this field.

Arms control is everyone`s business: The United States and the United Nations at the mid-point of the 1990`s

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lehman, R.F. II

1993-03-01

This presentation encourages current efforts in arms control, non- proliferation, and peacekeeping. Verification is heralded as a confidence building method to bring about more openness in international relations. It is purported that openness has already enhanced democratic forces around the world. The insistence on strict compliance with the decisions of the United Nations Security Council is a show of support for international law. It is recommended that international norms on human rights, non-proliferation, and non-aggression be strengthened.

The Place and Approach of Outdoor Learning within a Holistic Curricular Agenda: Development of Singaporean Outdoor Education Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Atencio, Matthew; Tan, Yuen Sze Michelle; Ho, Susanna; Ching, Chew Ting

2015-01-01

This paper details the potential contribution of outdoor education (OE) in Singaporean education given the recent raft of national curricular reforms aimed at fostering holistic and exploratory learning opportunities. In this context, we contend that increasing recognition of the value of OE, both internationally and locally, heralds specific…

New Zealand Perspectives on Early Childhood Education: Naku Te Rourou Nau Te Rourou Ka Ora Ai Te Iwi

Science.gov (United States)

Tesar, Marek

2016-01-01

This special issue focuses on histories, pedagogies, policies, philosophies and alternative perspectives in early childhood education. "Te Whariki" is heralded as the first bicultural curriculum not only in New Zealand, but in the world. Its importance is reflected in national and international research and early childhood discourses.…

FROM THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE TO “PURE AVARICE”: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND THE FRAMING OF CRIME IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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Richard A. Wilson

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The view advanced in this article is that over the past few decades, the efforts of Sub-Saharan Africa elites to promote human rights discourse and establish liberal institutions of the nation-state have constrained the space for justifiable law-breaking and enlarged the category of criminality. Taken together, national and international security are now pursued more through the idiom of crime and rule of law than through the political process. As a result, there is more crime than there used to be in sub-Saharan Africa.  It means that law-breaking and collective political opposition is more often construed as criminal behavior.  Not only have the classifications changed, but so have the ways of knowing about violence in Africa, and all the while, a legal prism for apprehending transgressions has gained greater prominence.  This paper illustrates this general argument by reference to South Africa during its transition from apartheid in the 1990s and to the international criminal tribunals presently prosecuting violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone. The argument works best for those post-conflict countries affected by liberal political and legal reforms and the interventions of international criminal law, and that now includes many sub-Saharan countries, but not all.  It does not apply to relatively peaceful and prosperous countries such as Tanzania or Botswana. It does not work for Zimbabwe, but may once a post-Mugabe transition is underway. Keywords: Human rights. Crime. Rule of law

Large cerebral perfusion defects observed in brain perfusion SPECT may herald psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases of transient global amnesia patients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

So, Young; Kim, Hahn Young; Roh, Hong Gee; Han, Seol Heui [Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2007-07-01

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a memory disorder characterized by an episode of antegrade amnesia and bewilderment which persists for several hours. We analyzed brain perfusion SPECT findings and clinical outcome of patients who suffered from TGA. From September 2005 to August 2007, 12 patients underwent Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT for neuroimaging of TGA. All patients also underwent MRI and MRA including DWI (MRI). Among them, 10 patients who could be chased more than 6 months were included in this study. Their average age was 60.74.0 yrs (M: F = 2: 8) and the average duration of amnesia was 4.42.2 hrs (1 hr {approx} 7 hrs). Duration from episode of amnesia to SPECT was 4.32.4 days (1{approx}9 days). Precipitating factors could be identified in 6 patients: emotional stress 3, hair dyeing 1, taking a nap 1 and angioplasty 1. SPECT and MRI was visually assessed, No cerebral perfusion defect was observed on SPECT in 3 patients and their clinical outcome was all good. Among 7 patients who had cerebral perfusion defects on SPECT, 3 patients had good clinical outcome, while others did not: one had hypercholesterolemia, another had depression, and 2 patients with cerebral perfusion defects at both temporoparetal cortex was later diagnosed as early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MRI was negative in 6 patients and 3 of them had excellent clinical outcome while other 3 were diagnosed as hypercholesterolemia, early AD and MCI. Among 4 patients with positive MRI, 3 showed good clinical outcome and their MRI showed lesions at medial temporal cortex and/or vertebral artery. One patient with microcalcification at left putamen was diagnosed to have depression. Large cerebral perfusion defects on SPECT may herald psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases of transient global amnesia patients which usually shows negative MRI.

Large cerebral perfusion defects observed in brain perfusion SPECT may herald psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases of transient global amnesia patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

So, Young; Kim, Hahn Young; Roh, Hong Gee; Han, Seol Heui

2007-01-01

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a memory disorder characterized by an episode of antegrade amnesia and bewilderment which persists for several hours. We analyzed brain perfusion SPECT findings and clinical outcome of patients who suffered from TGA. From September 2005 to August 2007, 12 patients underwent Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT for neuroimaging of TGA. All patients also underwent MRI and MRA including DWI (MRI). Among them, 10 patients who could be chased more than 6 months were included in this study. Their average age was 60.74.0 yrs (M: F = 2: 8) and the average duration of amnesia was 4.42.2 hrs (1 hr ∼ 7 hrs). Duration from episode of amnesia to SPECT was 4.32.4 days (1∼9 days). Precipitating factors could be identified in 6 patients: emotional stress 3, hair dyeing 1, taking a nap 1 and angioplasty 1. SPECT and MRI was visually assessed, No cerebral perfusion defect was observed on SPECT in 3 patients and their clinical outcome was all good. Among 7 patients who had cerebral perfusion defects on SPECT, 3 patients had good clinical outcome, while others did not: one had hypercholesterolemia, another had depression, and 2 patients with cerebral perfusion defects at both temporoparetal cortex was later diagnosed as early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MRI was negative in 6 patients and 3 of them had excellent clinical outcome while other 3 were diagnosed as hypercholesterolemia, early AD and MCI. Among 4 patients with positive MRI, 3 showed good clinical outcome and their MRI showed lesions at medial temporal cortex and/or vertebral artery. One patient with microcalcification at left putamen was diagnosed to have depression. Large cerebral perfusion defects on SPECT may herald psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases of transient global amnesia patients which usually shows negative MRI

Professionals' Perception of Quality Physical Education Learning in Selected Asian Cities

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Walter King Yan; Ahmed, Md. Dilsad; Keh, Nyit Chin; Khoo, Selina; Tan, Cheehian; Dehkordi, Mitra Rouhi; Gallardo, Mila; Lee, Kicheon; Yamaguchi, Yasuo; Wang, Jian; Liu, Min; Huang, Fan

2017-01-01

Numerous studies have been published heralding the benefits of physical education in school education. Sport and physical activities form the major content in learning and the arrangement serves as the major source of development in students. This paper identifies "quality" as an internationally concerned issue and within the concept,…

Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-11

Testimony of Miguel Diaz , Center for Strategic and International Studies, at a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on the “The State of...Posada Bid for Asylum,” Miami Herald, May 7, 2005. 143 Department of Homeland Security, Office of Public Affairs, Statement, May 17, 2005. 144 Alicia

Vancouver shopping mall liable for discrimination against Aboriginal and disabled people.

Science.gov (United States)

Betteridge, Glenn

2005-12-01

In a decision released on 13 July 2005, the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal (the Tribunal) found that the owners of a mall and the security company contracted by the mall had engaged in both individual and systemic discrimination. Among other findings, the Tribunal determined that Henderson Development (Canada) Limited (Henderson) and Securiguard Services Limited (Securiguard) discriminated against mall patrons who were Aboriginal, or who were perceived to be living with a disability, including drug dependence and HIV/AIDS.

Rethinking Deterrence: The International Criminal Court in Sudan

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Pablo Castillo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El 1 de Abril del 2005, el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas remitió la situación de Darfur (Sudán al Tribunal Penal Internacional. Dos meses más tarde, el Fiscal aceptó la remisión y decidió iniciar una investigación. No se trata sólo del primer caso enviado a la Corte por las Naciones Unidas; se trata además de la primera instancia en la que el TPI se ve involucrado en un país cuyo gobierno se opone tajantemente a cooperar con el tribunal y rechaza su jurisdicción. ¿Cómo se desenvolverá esta recién creada institución en un entorno político tan complicado? ¿Probará este caso que el derecho penal internacional puede disuadir la comisión de atrocidades? ¿Puede el escrutinio de la comunidad internacional y la amenaza de acusaciones judiciales inhibir la conducta de del Presidente de Sudán, Omar al-Bashir? Este artículo sugiere que excesivo énfasis en la disuasión como elemento central, tan prevalente en la literatura que vincula el Derecho Internacional con la resolución de conflictos, tiene poco valor analitico y no ayuda a la causa de la justicia internacional. Críticos y escépticos, cada vez mas numerosos en el mundo anglosajón, pasan por alto la diferencia entre disuasión a corto plazo y prevención a largo plazo, ignoran la importancia de la credibilidad y la consistencia como funciones necesarias de la disuasión, y no tienen en cuenta la variedad de estrategias que los actores internacionales eligen para plantarle cara a la amenaza de acusaciones judiciales, así como las restricciones que limitan sus acciones y sus opciones de salida.

Critical examination of the quorum of code of conduct tribunal | Agbo ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 9, No 2 (2018) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

Avaliação do acervo de periódicos da Biblioteca Ministro Victor Nunes Leal, do Supremo Tribunal Federal: relato de experiência da atuação do Grupo de Trabalho “GT-Periódicos”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiana Oliveira Feitosa

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Relata a experiência da atuação de grupo de trabalho na avaliação da coleção de periódicos da Biblioteca Ministro Victor Nunes Leal do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Apresenta o histórico de crescimento do acervo e como surgiu a necessidade de avaliar a coleção de periódicos levando-se em conta custos, espaço físico e conservação, dentre outros tópicos. Ressalta a adoção de Política de desenvolvimento de coleções para nortear as decisões do Grupo. Conclui sobre a importância do trabalho em equipe, com destaque também para a necessidade de a avaliação de coleções ser um processo contínuo e programado.

Regulation of Dispute Resolution in Denmark: Mediation, Arbitration, Boards and Tribunals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Adrian, Lin

2013-01-01

Bidraget indeholder en oversigt over alternativ konfliktløsning af konflikter - primært civilretlige konflikter, men strafferetlige konflikter berøres også. Oversigten vedrører såvel regulering som praksis. Bidraget munder ud i en diskussion af behovet for en international model lov, indholdet i ...

Understanding the Authority of International Courts and Tribunals: On Delegation and Discursive Construction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Venzke, I.

2013-01-01

This article develops an understanding of authority as the ability to establish content-laden reference points that participants in legal discourse can hardly escape. Situating authority between coercion by force and persuasion through argument, it carves out recognition and constraint as

Understanding the authority of international courts and tribunals: on delegation and discursive construction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Venzke, I.

2013-01-01

This Article develops an understanding of authority as the ability to establish content-laden reference points that participants in legal discourse can hardly escape. Situating authority between coercion by force and persuasion through argument, it carves out recognition and constraint as

El propio veredicto : Farsa en un acto de 30 minutos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Andrade Rivera

1967-03-01

Full Text Available -l Hola ! Como ya se habrán dado cuenta, estamos en un tribunal. Pero no un tribunal cualquiera. Es un tribunal de guerra. Se va a juzgar a alguien. (Por el escenario. Parece que todo está bien. Es mi responsabilidad porque soy el Ujier. Además, ya lo ven, soy el narrador. Cosas del autor de la obra dizque para economizar actores. Pueden llamarme entonces, Ujier-narrador. Si alguno me necesita, llámeme: ¡Ujier narrador! y vendré enseguida.

Discursos proferidos na audiência pública da saúde no Supremo Tribunal Federal: uma análise à luz da teoria dos sistemas sociais

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Alethele Oliveira SANTOS

2013-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Os tribunais brasileiros estão sendo convocados para julgar sobre direitos prestacionais sociais e sobre a compreensão da obrigatoriedade do Estado de dar-lhes cumprimento por intermédio das políticas públicas. Com o direito social da saúde não é diferente. A esse fenômeno convencionou-se chamar de judicialização das políticas públicas de saúde. Em vista do número excessivo de decisões nas políticas setoriais da saúde, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF, convocou, entre abril e maio de 2009, a Audiência Pública da Saúde. O STF vem adotando esse novo instituto jurídico, como metodologia de oitiva da sociedade para angariar subsídios para suas decisões em temas considerados de repercussão geral e de relevante interesse público. Este artigo apresenta resultado de pesquisa em que se analisaram 33 discursos proferidos na Audiência Pública da Saúde tomando-se como unidade de pesquisa a categoria sobre a importância jurídica e política da audiência e os argumentos fortes e não fortes encontrados nos discursos analisados. ABSTRACT Brazilian courts are being called on to judge fundamental social rights and the understanding of the State’s obligation to fulfill these rights through public policies. With the social right of health is not different. This phenomenon is usually called of judicialization of public health policies. Considering the excessive number of decisions in the health sectoral policies, the Supreme Court (STF, convened a Public Hearing on Health between April and May 2009. The Supreme Court has adopted this new legal institute, as the methodology to hear the society to raise subsidies for their decisions on issues considered of general repercussion and relevant public interest. This paper presents results of a research, which analyzed 33 speeches given at the Public Hearing on Health taking as a research unit the category about the legal and political importance of the Hearing and the strong or weak

Emblems of justice in the contemporary Moldavian heraldry

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Silviu Andrieş-Tabac

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The independence of the Republic of Moldova has determined a new prestige of the judicial power in our country. In the field of symbols, this change was manifested in the gradual abandonment of the totalitarian, in effect, Soviet corporate emblems and the spontaneous adoption of new corporate emblems, universal in essence, traditional and easily recognizable. In the first stage, several judicial institutions developed their own para-heraldic emblems based on the image of goddess Themis, which have different artistic solutions and quality. At the next stage, with the foundation of the National Committee of Heraldry under the President of the Republic of Moldova in 1995, state institutions, including those related to the justice system, gradually opted for developing new corporate heraldic and vexillological symbols in accordance with universal and national scientific standards, up to their official registration in the General Armorial of the Republic of Moldova. The new heraldic emblems feature balance scales, a symbol with a very rich tradition in the Romanian principalities. There are a number of other emblems of justice, e.g. a sword, a gladium, fasces lictoriae, a magistrate’s hat. The process of developing of coats of arms and flags of the bodies of justice continues to this day. The author reviews new corporate emblems and flags of some institutions of the Republic of Moldova, such as the Constitutional Court, the Prosecutor’s Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Forensic Science Center under the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the criminal investigation services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

A atuação do Tribunal de Contas da União na concretização do direito à saúde

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Deane D’Abadia Morais

2015-03-01

Full Text Available O Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU é o órgão constitucional a quem cabe exercer, em auxílio ao Congresso Nacional, a fiscalização contábil, financeira, orçamentária, operacional e patrimonial da União e das entidades da administração direita e indireta, sob os aspectos da legalidade, legitimidade e economicidade. A Constituição Federal de 1998, além de elencar o direito à saúde como um dos direitos fundamentais, ampliou as atribuições e competências do TCU, o que contribuiu para a fiscalização da efetivação deste direito por este órgão de controle. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a atuação fiscalizatória do TCU na área da saúde por meio da análise dos processos de fiscalização autuados durante os anos de 2011 a 2013. Constatou-se que os processos do tipo monitoramento foram os mais representativos (47,6%, seguidos dos de auditoria (31,9%. Quanto às temáticas tratadas nesses processos, a Atenção de Média e Alta Complexidade Ambulatorial e Hospitalar foi o objeto mais abordado pelas fiscalizações (32% e a de Investimentos na Rede de Serviços de Saúde, a segunda (12%. Há uma diversidade na atuação do TCU, o que reforça o seu papel na concretização do direito à saúde.

The Pact of Bogota: Cases and Practice

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María Teresa Infante Caffi

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ under the Pact of Bogota (1948 is part of a system of norms attributing competenceto the referenced tribunal along with other means of settlement. The system sets out principles and general exceptions applicable to all the means of peaceful settlement embodied in the Pact. This study will topic relates to the theory of dispute settlement and treaty interpretation hemispheric politics and diplomacy.

Er Den internasjonale straffedomstolen afrikafiendtlig? Konfliktselektivitet og internasjonale straffedomstoler

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Sofie A. E. Høgestøl

2016-06-01

Full Text Available After 13 years of selecting situations, the International Criminal Court (ICC has thus far only investigated conflicts in Africa. This has led to accusations of the Court having an African bias when selecting which conflicts to prosecute. Some African leaders have even accused the court of simply being a tool of western imperialism. This article attempts to determine the veracity of the Africa-bias allegations by examining the ICC’s current practice of selecting situations, as well as by placing the debate within the broader context of international criminal tribunals and conflict selectivity.

Sull’efficacia giuridica delle risoluzioni dell’Organo di soluzione delle controversie dell’OMC nel diritto comunitario ed il mancato riconoscimento di responsabilità extracontrattuale della Comunità Europea

OpenAIRE

Di Comite, Valeria

2008-01-01

Las modalidades de coordinación entre el derecho OMC y el derecho comunitario han sido objeto de numerosas pronuncias del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidades Europeas desde la época del GATT de 1947. El Tribunal ya en 1972 puso de manifiesto que aunque el GATT vinculara la Comunidad Europea, sus disposiciones no podían ser invocadas por parte de los particulares delante de los jueces internos. Las importantes modificaciones producidas con la creación de la OMC no han llevado el Tribunal a ...

A ponderação de direitos fundamentais como critério para o controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas: decisionismo (leia-se ativismo judicial ou juízo fundamentado? uma análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal

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Mônia Clarissa Leal

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Em tempos de neoconstitucionalismo, em que os ordenamentos jurídico-constitucionais são marcados por um caráter principiológico, os Tribunais Constitucionais ganham destaque, sendo, contudo, objeto de críticas, pautadas, sobretudo, na ausência de critérios objetivos para a ponderação e na extensão dada à atuação do magistrado, que abriria caminho para o assim chamado “ativismo judicial”. Neste contexto é que se pretende analisar a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro, a fim de verificar-se até que ponto suas decisões observam os elementos da ponderação, constituindo-se em juízos fundamentados, ou se caracterizam como simples “decisionismo”, que poderia ser classificado como uma espécie de ativismo judicial.

Un criterio propuesto para distinguir las competencias de control de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en el caso de las normas sometidas a referéndum en Costa Rica

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Alejandro Robles Leal

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El proceso referendario de 2007, previo a la aprobación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Centroamérica, significó una gran fiesta cívica para nuestro país, fue la primera vez que, a nivel nacional, el pueblo fue llamado a decidir sobre una propuesta normativa. Sin embargo, entrañó también enormes dudas respecto de las competencias para controlar la constitucionalidad de las normas sometidas a referéndum, y hasta que punto ese control podría acarrear una invasión en el ámbito de competencias por parte de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia al Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, o viceversa. En este breve trabajo se pretende esbozar un posible criterio para distinguir las competencias de control de ambos órganos, en aras de evitar una invasión, por parte de cualquiera de los dos órganos, en la esfera competencial del otro.

Criação de mapa de fontes de informação e conhecimento do processo judicial: o caso do Serviço de Documentação do Tribunal do Trabalho da 4ª Região

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Adriana Godoy da Silveira Sarmento

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O propósito desta pesquisa foi mapear as fontes de informação e conhecimento necessárias aos juízes do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região para tomada de decisões nos processos judiciais, como instrumento gerencial a ser utlizado pelo Serviço de Documentação (SDOC no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva de cunho qualitativo, fazendo-se uso do procedimento “estudo de caso”. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que o mapa de fontes de informação e conhecimento é um instrumento que permite conhecer as reais necessidades da clientela do SDOC do TRT4 e adequado para dar suporte aos processos de seleção, organização e criação de produtos e serviços.

Estudio comparativo de las decisiones de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo español y los resultados de estudios empíricos sobre las implicaciones psicológicas en menores en situación de guarda y custodia compartida

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Marta Marín

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se toma como referencia la modificación de la Ley 15/2005 en el Código Civil español, donde se introduce el concepto de guarda y custodia compartida por primera vez en España. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer si existe una relación entre los resultados de las investigaciones con base empírica y las decisiones judiciales acerca de los efectos que producen en menores la guarda y custodia compartidas. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de las investigaciones relativas a las consecuencias de la custodia compartida, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Posteriormente, se han comparado los resultados de las investigaciones con las decisiones de los magistrados, obtenidas tras realizar un análisis de la jurisprudencia de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo desde el año 2005 hasta el año 2015.

O recurso extraordinário e a emenda constitucional nº 45/2004: uma abordagem teleológica da nova configuração constitucional e processual civil

OpenAIRE

Costa, Hélio Rubens Batista Ribeiro

2008-01-01

Tal como desenvolveremos a presente dissertação, focaremos o estudo do próprio papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal, como órgão de cúpula do Judiciário brasileiro e sua vocação moderna de se tornar um Tribunal Constitucional. Para alcançar o desiderato pretendido, desenvolver-se-á um estudo a respeito do Supremo Tribunal Federal que abordará dados históricos e, conforme previsão da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, a competência, a organização, a estrutura e a ...

HERALD, a programme enumerating the radiation doses to the population following the release of radioactive gases and aerosols into the atmosphere after a nuclear reactor accident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Veverka, O.

1986-01-01

Program HERALD computes radiation doses to the population following an accident of a fission nuclear reactor, the destruction of the primary coolant circuit (LOCA), etc. The program was written with the intention to obtain a tool which would enable the user to follow numerically a radioactive cloud, its physical behaviour and its consequences up to extremely long distances of several thousands kilometres. Therefore the usual model of Gaussian distribution was avoided and the considerably simpler ''box model'' was chosen. This can be replaced by the ''semi-box model''. The fallout velocity of gases and particles is calculated using a simple model including the dependence on the Pasquillian stability class and on the local surface roughness. So is the scavenging coefficient for gases and particles, removed by either rainfalls, or snowfall or fogs. It is possible to employ corresponding empirical data. The program utilizes an ample data library holding nuclear data for approximately 500 fission products in 121 decay chains of at most 10 members, the corresponding dose factors for external gamma and beta irradiation from the cloud and the surface and from the inhaled and ingested radionuclides (ICRP-30). This library is now being extended to approximately 1,200 nuclides (products of activation, fission products and fuels including transuranium elements) for the purposes of normal operation and of heavy accidents. The program is written in standard language FORTRAN IV and is run on computer M 4030-1. (author) 5 figs., 34 tabs., 26 refs

Lernen von Nürnberg

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Christoph Safferling

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The significance of the trial against the major Nazi war criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT at Nuremberg can be shown in four different ways: (1 impunity for heads of state and other members of the military or political elite of a state does not apply to a set of core international crimes. (2 There exist a number of crimes which are universally accepted as international crimes, which are aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The crime of genocide was added to the list of these Nuremberg-crimes by the so-called genocide convention of 1948. (3 The attribution of guilt follows a set of general principles of criminal law as e. g. the mens rea-principle. In general »superior order« cannot operate as an excuse; similarly a military or political commander can be held responsible for the conduct of his subordinate. A rather difficult and contested issue is the attribution of guilt by means of »conspiracy« as was foreseen in the Charter of the IMT. Modern international criminal law follows a similar concept, which is called »joint criminal enterprise«, as is found in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The crucial issue in attributing guilt thereby lies in the »common plan«, whereas the actual conduct is of minor relevance. (4 Finally, the Nuremberg proceedings have shown that in principle a criminal trial must be fair and must adhere to the presumption of innocence. However, it is difficult to prove whether a criminal trial can add to reconciliation and to preventing future crimes. Although it is fair to say that Nuremberg was the beginning of a prosperous time for Europe, criminal prosecution is not always an adequate way to help societies in transition.

Green Economy through the Rosia Montana Case - Best Solution in the Context of Schemes Offshore Routed by the International Corporations

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Nicolae Moroianu

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The object of researching paper, prepared by the student Nicolae Moroianu, under by Anişoara POPA, doc. conf. at University of Galati Lower Danube in analysis of the controversial case ” Roşia Montană - gold exploitation”. The utility of estimating needs for a structured analysis of the Roşia Montană case it is actually in Romanian society. Acording with the last 15 years, many conflicting tensions occurred between citizens, corporate officials, journalists, civil society actors and Presidential, Government and Parliament representatives. In this period, all stakeholders have provided often conflicting information and opinions on the benefits and risks in exploitation of gold and silver minerals from the Apuseni Mountains, by a Canadian majority-owned company. In 2016, mine opponents enjoyed a major victory when the village of Rosia Montana and surrounding Transylvania region were nominated to become a UNESCO World Heritage site, a designation protesters hope will secure international support and protection to the area. Still, the company continues to build the mine. Gabriel Resources is now threatening to sue the Romanian government under investment agreements for rejecting the mine. If they make good on this threat, the country could be embroiled in a World Bank tribunal trial for months.

'Niet-pluis'-gevoel tuchtrechtelijk gewogen

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stolper, Erik; Legemaate, Johan; Dinant, Geert Jan

2010-01-01

The sense that 'something does not fit it', which is a form of gut feelings, is frequently mentioned in judgements made by medical disciplinary tribunals as reported in the Dutch medical journal Medisch Contact. Since judgements made by these tribunals are regarded as setting the standard for good

Nous horitzons. La impugnació de la Sentència: vies, òrgans i procediments - Nuevos horizontes. La impugnación de la Sentencia: vías, órganos y procedimientos

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Argelia Queralt

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La impugnació de la Sentència: possibilitats d’accés al Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans (469-472Antoni Bayona RocamoraLa impugnación de la Sentencia: posibilidades de acceso al Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (475-478Antoni Bayona Rocamora

48 CFR 6.302-3 - Industrial mobilization; engineering, developmental, or research capability; or expert services.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature; or (iii) Contract for supplies or..., administrative tribunal, or agency, whether or not the expert is expected to testify. Examples of such services... litigation before any court, administrative tribunal, or agency, or (B) Participating in any part of an...

O tribunal televisivo

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Muniz Sodré

2004-12-01

Full Text Available This text discusses some aspects of the contemporary crisis of the subject of rights and the way Brazilian television changes it into grotesque shows as well as the transformation of the emotional environment in squares and popular fairs into media shows. It also discusses how broadcast TV produces a particular serniosis out of material and psychological problems pertaining to urban lower classes.

Striking the Balance between Custom and Justice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schack, Marc; Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, Astrid

2016-01-01

Certain customary norms complicate the work of international criminal courts and tribunals (icts). The principle of legality prescribes that no one can be convicted for 'new' or ill-defined crimes, and the rules on personal immunity bar icts from prosecuting high-level defendants. In cases...... involving these issues, icts face the dilemma of weighing fundamental 'rule of law' principles against their core objective: to hold leaders accountable for international crimes. Various icts have resorted to what some commentators euphemistically call 'creative' application of customary international law...... but critics label as 'poor legal reasoning'. By examining examples of such rulings, with particular focus on a recent string of decisions by the International Criminal Court (icc) regarding head of state immunity, this article attempts to identify and assess a modus operandi of icts confronted...

AGRESI ISRAEL TERHADAP PALESTINA PERSPEKTIF HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

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Aryuni Yuliantiningsih

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Israel’s agrresion to Palestina has international reactions because of enormous victims caused by that action, whom mostly were civilians. According humanitarian law, Israel’s agression to Palestina had breached humanitarian law principles, there are : humanity principle, limitation principle and distinction principle. Israel has done war crimes so international society asked how Israel can be justiced ? There are three mechanism to enforce humanitarian law. First, the contracting parties of Jeneva Convention State to enact any legislation neccessary to provide effective penal sanction for person committing or ordering to be comitted any of the grave breaches , second by ad hoc tribunal and third by International Criminal Court, but it is rather difficult to prosecute Israel because Israel don’t ratificate Roma Statuta 1998.

An Old Problem with New Directions: Maori Language Revitalisation and the Policy Ideas of Youth

Science.gov (United States)

Albury, Nathan John

2016-01-01

Legislative changes are afoot in New Zealand that are formalising an ideological shift in policy that decreasingly positions the Maori language a matter of interethnic national identity but increasingly as one for Maori self-determination. The Waitangi Tribunal (WAI262, Waitangi Tribunal, 2011) established that, from here on, Maori language policy…

No longer in suspense: Clarifying the human rights jurisdiction of the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Unfortunately, the same judgment resulted in the suspension of the SADC Tribunal in 2010 because it had purportedly acted beyond its mandate when it adjudicated over a case concerning a human rights dispute. This article investigates whether the SADC Tribunal had jurisdiction to deal with cases involving allegations of ...

Comparing Non-Medical Sex Selection and Saviour Sibling Selection in the Case of JS and LS v Patient Review Panel: Beyond the Welfare of the Child?

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Malcolm K; Taylor-Sands, Michelle

2018-03-01

The national ethical guidelines relevant to assisted reproductive technology (ART) have recently been reviewed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). The review process paid particular attention to the issue of non-medical sex selection, although ultimately, the updated ethical guidelines maintain the pre-consultation position of a prohibition on non-medical sex selection. Whilst this recent review process provided a public forum for debate and discussion of this ethically contentious issue, the Victorian case of JS and LS v Patient Review Panel (Health and Privacy) [2011] VCAT 856 provides a rare instance where the prohibition on non-medical sex selection has been explored by a court or tribunal in Australia. This paper analyses the reasoning in that decision, focusing specifically on how the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal applied the statutory framework relevant to ART and its comparison to other uses of embryo selection technologies. The Tribunal relied heavily upon the welfare-of-the-child principle under the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008 (Vic). The Tribunal also compared non-medical sex selection with saviour sibling selection (that is, where a child is purposely conceived as a matched tissue donor for an existing child of the family). Our analysis leads us to conclude that the Tribunal's reasoning fails to adequately justify the denial of the applicants' request to utilize ART services to select the sex of their prospective child.

PENGADILAN HIBRIDA (HYBRID COURT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL

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Arie Siswanto

2016-10-01

Since the end of World War II, the international community witnessed the increasingly serious efforts to deal with the international crimes. Besides the domestic criminal courts and purely international tribunals, the forum that is also recently used to handle international crimes is the hybrid courts that have been established in several places such as in Cambodia, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste. Hybrid courts are established from different political backgrounds, but as a legal institution, its establishment was necessarily based on legal instruments. This paper identifies that there are three patterns in the formation of hybrid court, which are: the establishment of a hybrid court based on an agreement between the UN and the relevant state, the establishment of a hybrid court by the UN or international administration and the establishment of a hybrid court by a country which later gains greater international support.

El régimen disciplinario de la Guardia Civil y su compatibilidad con el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos: a propósito de la Sentencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en el caso Dacosta Silva v. España

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Nicolás Pérez Sola

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La resolución por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (en adelante TEDH del Caso Dacosta Silva con la condena al Reino de España ha puesto en evidencia la posible inadecuación de un sector de nuestro ordenamiento a las exigencias del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos (en adelante CEDH. En efecto, la Sentencia recaída en el Caso Dacosta Silva(en adelante STEDH nos sitúa ante la compatibilidad del ordenamiento disciplinario de la Guardia Civil con las exigencias derivadas del CEDH sobre el control judicial de la privación de la libertad, así como con el alcance efectivo de las reservas formuladas por el Estado español a los artículos 5 y 6 del CEDH. Al objeto de concretar el ámbito en el que se sitúa ante la jurisdicción nacional el Caso Dacosta Silva hemos de precisar que viene referido a la procedencia de la presentación de una solicitud de habeas corpus ante la jurisdicción castrense por la imposición de sanción privativa de libertad a un miembro de la Guardia Civil por sus superiores. Se hace necesario por tanto concretar el alcance de la STEDH en orden a determinar la legalidad de las sanciones disciplinarias que llevan aparejada la privación de libertad en el ámbito de la Guardia Civil. Para ello habrá que realizar el análisis de la especial incidencia del procedimiento de habeas corpus en el régimen disciplinario de la Guardia Civil, a tenor de las reiteradas ocasiones en las que miembros de la Benemérita han impetrado la intervención del juez ante la imposición por sus superiores de sanciones disciplinarias que han conllevado la privación de libertad. Con anterioridad al Caso Dacosta Silva ya había sido objeto de cuestionamiento ante la jurisdicción ordinaria y ante el propio Tribunal Constitucional el régimen disciplinario de la Guardia Civil con especial referencia a la calificación del arresto domiciliario, no como una mera restricción de libertad, sino como una auténtica privación de la misma. Por

Uma breve análise crítica da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na ADI nº 4.029/2012

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José Eduardo Sabo Paes

2015-11-01

Full Text Available A supremacia e a rigidez constitucional pressupõem observância irrestrita das normas infraconstitucionais para com a Constituição de um Estado. O controle de constitucionalidade possui o condão de analisar a compatibilização entre a Constituição e as normas infraconstitucionais, sendo o texto constitucional um verdadeiro paradigma de validade e eficácia das leis. No Brasil, atualmente, a teoria de que a norma inconstitucional é nula de pleno direito, vem sendo mitigada, inclusive por força de lei, admitindo-se, a modulação temporal dos efeitos que assim a declaram, aproximando-a, assim, da teoria da anulabilidade do ato normativo inconstitucional. Em determinadas situações, a inconstitucionalidade da norma, apesar de ser reconhecida, não é declarada formalmente pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que assim o faz em razão da segurança jurídica. Nesses casos, tendo em vista a densidade axiológica dos valores constitucionais que permitem a mitigação da teoria da nulidade do ato normativo inconstitucional, a decisão que assim é exarada deve possuir argumentação jurídica suficiente a ponto de não causar contradição interna na ordem normativo-constitucional. Na ADI nº 4.029 de 2012, a Suprema Corte brasileira, apesar de reconhecer que a Lei nº 11.516/2007 era inconstitucional, a manteve no ordenamento jurídico, sob pena de que a declaração formal de sua inconstitucionalidade trouxesse um panorama de insegurança jurídica em razão de outras normas que se encontravam na mesma situação e mantém plena eficácia. Assim, o presente artigo busca de analisar, de forma crítica, a argumentação e a racionalidade do voto do ministro relator que manteve uma norma, anteriormente reconhecida inconstitucional, no ordenamento jurídico.

Intergovernmental organisation activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-01-01

This section of the Bulletin presents a summary of the recent Intergovernmental organisation activities, sorted by organisation: - European Atomic Energy Community: Adopted legally binding instruments; Non-legally binding instruments; International relations. - International Atomic Energy Agency: Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS); 58. regular session of the IAEA General Conference; IAEA Treaty Event; Side event on 'The Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC) - in the Context of the Global Nuclear Liability Regime'; Legislative assistance activities; Nuclear Law Institute. - OECD Nuclear Energy Agency: Steering Committee approves decommissioning exclusion; European Nuclear Energy Tribunal (ENET) Judges approved; High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR); Joint Declaration; The Characteristics of an Effective Nuclear Regulator

Serbia’s EU integration process: The momentum of 2008

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Ristić Irena

2009-01-01

Full Text Available After four years of ambivalence, the relationship between the European Union and Serbia is again gaining a new opportunity to flourish. The new Serbian government is formed by parties which are strongly committed to Serbia’s EU integration and hence ready to carry out reforms and fully cooperate with the International Crime Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. This paper presents the current relationship between Brussels and Belgrade and its main obstacles. It emphasizes both internal and external problems of this relationship and their interdependency. In this regard the author argues that only by a mutual commitment of both Serbia and the EU lasting peace will be achieved in the Western Balkans and the region stabilized.

Truth and reconciliation: Yes, please! No, thank you!

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Kesić Vesna

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The case of former Yugoslavia and its successors is specific and a bit different from the other post-conflict societies. First, retributive model of justice is carried out, or it should be carried out, before the International Criminal Tribunal in the Hague. The question is how to start the process of searching for the truth and reconciliation inside and between societies, groups and individuals in newly established countries. There is no such a model in the world, like these in South Africa and some countries in Latin America, which can be applied here, because in this case we are talking about five states, from which at least three were in the war. Also, the character of these conflicts covers the diapason from international conflicts to internal aggression and civil war.

Responsibility of Serbia for genocide: Application of the Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide

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Tejić Mirjana

2007-01-01

Full Text Available On February 26th 2007, International Court of Justice claimed Serbia responsible for failing to prevent genocide and punish perpetrators underlining its' responsibility to cooperate with International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia. Although it was confirmed genocide has been committed in Srebrenica 1995, Serbia is not obliged to pay financial reparations. Judgment makes distinction between individual and three-fold state responsibility for genocide, based on Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and other sources of international law. There are evident disagreements among judges on jurisdiction, interpretation rules, even on meritum of the case. Many questions still remain open especially what precedent effects will have on establishment of state's dolus specialis and how it will influence the reconciliation process in the region.

ANONIMATO DEL PROGENITOR Y DERECHO A LA IDENTIDAD DEL HIJO: DECISIONES JUDICIALES ENCONTRADAS SOBRE RESERVA DE IDENTIDAD EN LOS CASOS DE MADRE SOLTERA Y DONANTE DE ESPERMA Anonymity of genetic parents and the children's right to know own biological identity: Opossed judicial decisions about the secrecy of identity in the cases of single mother and sperm donors

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Ramón Duran Rivacoba

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo discute las soluciones que han dado en España el Tribunal Supremo y el Tribunal Constitucional a casos en los que se ven enfrentados la facultad de mantener el anonimato del progenitor y el derecho del hijo a conocer su identidad biológica. Se confronta la decisión del Tribunal Supremo de declarar inconstitucionales las normas legales que permiten a la madre no matrimonial resguardar su anonimato, con la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional, emitida pocos meses antes, que declara constitucionalmente legítimo el anomimato del donante de esperma en el contexto de la aplicación de una técnica de reproducción humana asistida. Se argumenta en contra de ambas soluciones, sobre la base de que en la primera el anonimato materno cumple una función dirigida no directamente a proteger a la madre, sino a proteger al niño frente a un posible aborto o infanticidio por lo que el derecho a la identidad debe ser moderado. Para ilustrar la conveniencia y viabilidad de este razonamiento se hace un amplio análisis del caso "Odiévre" por el que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos concluyó que el sistema francés de reserva de la identidad de la madre no era contrario al Convenio Europeo. En cambio, se critica la solución del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el donante de esperma por sobredimensionar el derecho a la intimidad del progenitor en desmedro del interés del hijo. La puesta en contraste de estas soluciones permite constatar que la madre, que contaba con medidas de apoyo en concretas situaciones que pudieran poner en riesgo la vida del hijo, las pierde; mientras el padre que, a partir de la reforma del año 1981 que impuso la libertad de investigación de la paternidad, había perdido sus antiguos privilegios, se ve beneficiado de la misma dispensa que ahora se niega para la madre.The present paper discuss the solutions that Spain's Constitutional Tribunal and Spain's Supreme Court have issued in filiation cases, in which the

Conditional preparation of states containing a definite number of photons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Sullivan, Malcolm N.; Chan, Kam Wai Clifford; Boyd, Robert W.; Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan

2008-01-01

A technique for conditionally creating single-mode or multimode photon-number states is analyzed using Bayesian theory. We consider the heralded N-photon states created from the photons produced by an unseeded optical parametric amplifier when the heralding detector is the time-multiplexed photon-number-resolving detector recently demonstrated by Fitch et al. [Phys. Rev. A 68, 043814 (2003)] and simultaneously by Achilles et al. [Opt. Lett. 28, 2387 (2003)]. We find that even with significant loss in the heralding detector, fields with sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions can be created. We also show that heralded multimode fields created using this technique are more robust against detector loss than are single-mode fields

Mobile autopsy teams in the investigation of war crimes in Kosovo 1999

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sprogøe-Jakobsen, S; Eriksson, A; Hougen, H P

2001-01-01

On request of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the Danish-Swedish forensic teams worked in Kosovo during the summer and the fall of 1999. The teams worked mainly as "mobile teams" at sites with few graves. Only two larger sites were examined. Most of the bodie....... A total of 308 bodies, mainly males, were examined. The age varied greatly with a mean age of 47 years. The most common cause of death was gun shot wounds and the most common manner of death was homicide....

Moving from information and collaboration to action: report from the 3rd International Dog Health Workshop, Paris in April 2017.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neill, Dan G; Keijser, Sylvia F A; Hedhammar, Åke; Kisko, Caroline; Leroy, Gregoire; Llewellyn-Zaidi, Aimée; Malm, Sofia; Olson, Patricia N; Packer, Rowena M A; Rousselot, Jean Francois; Seath, Ian J; Stull, Jason W; Bonnett, Brenda N

2017-01-01

Breed-related health problems in dogs have received increased focus over the last decade. Responsibility for causing and/or solving these problems has been variously directed towards dog breeders and kennel clubs, the veterinary profession, welfare scientists, owners, regulators, insurance companies and the media. In reality, all these stakeholders are likely to share some responsibility and optimal progress on resolving these challenges requires all key stakeholders to work together. The International Partnership for Dogs (IPFD), together with an alternating host organization, holds biennial meetings called the International Dog Health Workshops (IDHW). The Société Centrale Canine (French Kennel Club) hosted the 3rd IDHW, in Paris, in April, 2017. These meetings bring together a wide range of stakeholders in dog health, science and welfare to improve international sharing of information and resources, to provide a forum for ongoing collaboration, and to identify specific needs and actions to improve health, well-being and welfare in dogs. The workshop included 140 participants from 23 countries and was structured around six important issues facing those who work to improve dog health. These included individualized breed-specific strategies for health and breeding, extreme conformations, education and communication in relation to antimicrobial resistance, behavior and welfare, genetic testing and population-based evidence. A number of exciting actions were agreed during the meeting. These included setting up working groups to create tools to help breed clubs accelerate the implementation of breed-health strategies, review aspects of extreme conformation and share useful information on behavior. The meeting also heralded the development of an online resource of relevant information describing quality measures for DNA testing. A demand for more and better data and evidence was a recurring message stressed across all themes. The meeting confirmed the benefits from

Quand la justice pénale internationale s’empare de la réconciliation nationale When international criminal justice captures « national reconciliation »

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Liwerant

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Si aujourd’hui les Tribunaux pénaux internationaux pour l’ex-Yougoslavie et pour le Rwanda affirment qu’ils ont pour objectif de favoriser la restauration de la paix, cette mission puise pourtant ses racines dans une réglementation des comportements dans la guerre. Cette généalogie révèle un changement de mission du droit pénal international qui, associant progressivement justice et paix, a conduit récemment à y adjoindre la « réconciliation nationale ». Sans être définie, la « réconciliation nationale » va s’introduire dans le vocable des juges internationaux. Ainsi, lors de la détermination de la peine, les juges vont considérer que les efforts de l’accusé en faveur de la réconciliation nationale est un élément susceptible de réduire la peine au titre des circonstances atténuantes. A partir d’une analyse de l’ensemble des décisions des deux Tribunaux pénaux internationaux, cet article analyse sens et enjeux de l’appropriation de la « réconciliation nationale » par la justice pénale internationale saisie par des impératifs collectifs.Although the international criminal courts for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda claim that their goal is to contribute to the restoration and the maintenance of peace, their mission originates in the laws of war. This genealogy reveals a shift in international criminal law’s missions. Combining « justice » and « peace », the international judges have added the notion of « national reconciliation » to their vocabulary without defining it. Thus to give a « fair sentence » judges are willing to consider the defendant’s efforts in favor of national reconciliation among the elements that they take into account as mitigating factors. Analyzing the judgments of the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and for the Rwanda, this article explores what is at stake when international criminal justice is faced with social

New revelations concerning the assassination of Rafiq Hariri, thus the process still meaningful

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Seeberg, Peter

2015-01-01

The article describes the background for the establishment of the Special Tri-bunal for Lebanon (STL) and the role it has played since February 2005, where the assassination of Rafiq Hariri took place. The article follows the work of the tribunal, and concludes that the fact that the terror attack...... of the political and institutional structures, which still play a significant role in Lebanon....

Human Resources Department: report on the settlement of disputes and discipline

CERN Multimedia

HR Department

2016-01-01

The 2015 Annual Report from the Human Resources Department concerning the settlement of disputes and discipline under Chapter VI of the Staff Rules and Regulations.   Introduction The 2015 Annual Report under Chapter VI (“Settlement of Disputes and Discipline”) of the Staff Rules and Regulations serves to report: cases of submission of requests for review; internal appeals; complaints before the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT); and cases in which disciplinary action was taken. Requests for Review and Internal Appeals Under Article S VI 1.01 of the Staff Rules, members of the personnel may challenge an administrative decision by the Director-General where it adversely affects the conditions of employment or association that derive from their contract or from the Staff Rules and Regulations. If permitted by the Staff Rules and Regulations, a decision may be challenged internally within the Organization: through a review procedure; or ...

Bullying: an analysis of proceeddings by the regional labor court of Espírito Santo Asedio moral: un análisis de las sentencias del tribunal regional del trabajo del Estado de Espírito Santo Assédio moral: uma análise dos acórdãos do tribunal regional do trabalho do Espírito Santo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marilene Olivier

2011-03-01

Full Text Available This study surveyed and analyzed legal cases of moral harassment in the state of Espírito Santo. For this purpose, all cases brought to trial in the Regional Labor Court of ES were analyzed for content of judgments. It was possible, therefore, to describe characteristics of lawsuits as well as to group variables according to their nature. For this purpose, we documented content analysis for a better understanding of the facts and incidence of absolute and relative values. As such, a characterization was obtained for all cases from the entire state of Espírito Santo and variables involved were identified, such as jurisdiction of the proceedings, duration of each case, appraisal of lawsuit merits, levels of court decisions, type of company where harassment had occurred, method of aggression, gender of both aggressor and victim, and meaning of bullying. It was also noted that many doubts exist about legal procedures for those who consider themselves victims of bullying in organizationsEste estudio tuvo por objetivo central inventariar y describir las características de los procesos de asedio moral en el Estado de Espírito Santo. Para eso fueron analizados todos los procesos tramitados en juzgado en el Tribunal Regional del Trabajo en ES. Los contenidos de las sentencias fueron el objeto de análisis. A partir de ellos fue posible describir las características de los procesos, como también agrupar las variables de acuerdo con su naturaleza. Para tal intento, se utilizó el análisis del contenido, registrándose, para mejor comprensión de los hechos, las incidencias en valores absolutos y relativos. Al final, fue posible obtener una caracterización de los procesos en todo el Estado de Espírito Santo e identificar las variables que los componen, tales como: las jurisdicciones en las cuales los procesos tramitaron; la duración de cada proceso; el juzgamiento de la procedencia del pleito; los niveles de decisión judicial; el tipo de empresa

Trends in practical applications of heterogeneous multi-agent systems : the PAAMS collection

CERN Document Server

Rodríguez, Juan; Mathieu, Philippe; Campbell, Andrew; Ortega, Alfonso; Adam, Emmanuel; Navarro, Elena; Ahrndt, Sebastian; Moreno, María; Julián, Vicente

2014-01-01

PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange their experience in the development of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. This volume presents the papers that have been accepted for the 2014 special sessions: Agents Behaviours and Artificial Markets (ABAM), Agents and Mobile Devices (AM), Bio-Inspired and Multi-Agents Systems: Applications to Languages (BioMAS), Multi-Agent Systems and Ambient Intelligence (MASMAI), Self-Explaining Agents (SEA), Web Mining and Recommender systems (WebMiRes) and Intelligent Educational Systems (SSIES).

Punishing Genocide: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Sentencing Laws and Practices at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR, Rwandan Domestic Courts, and Gacaca Courts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barbora Hola

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article compares sentencing of those convicted of participation in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. With over one million people facing trial, Rwanda constitutes the world’s most comprehensive case of criminal accountability after genocide and presents an important case study of punishing genocide. Criminal courts at three different levels— international, domestic, and local—sought justice in the aftermath of the violence. In order to compare punishment at each level, we analyze an unprecedented database of sentences given by the ICTR, the Rwandan domestic courts, and Rwanda’s Gacaca courts. The analysis demonstrates that sentencing varied across the three levels—ranging from limited time in prison to death sentences. We likewise find that sentencing at the domestic courts appears to have been comparatively more serious than sentencing at the ICTR and at the Gacaca courts, which calls into question consistency of sentences across levels of justice and should be explored in future research.

Overcoming Obstacles to Peace: Local Factors in Nation-Building

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Cambodia Abbreviations xliii SRSG Special Representative of the Secretary-General TSE Tribunal Supremo Electoral (Supreme Electoral Court) UDT União...Building expansionism (see Figure 3.1).10 Early Khmer empires ruled over what are today large portions of Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos . But, over the...electoral code enacted in 1993 and the creation of a Supreme Electoral Court (Tribunal Supremo Electoral, or TSE ). Substantial irregularities were

La sentencia Schrems del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea: un paso firme en la defensa del derecho a la privacidad en el contexto de la vigilancia masiva transnacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Isabel Puerto

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Las filtraciones de Edward Snowden demostraron al mundo la existencia de programas de vigilancia masiva implementados por Estados Unidos y otros aliados. Tales programas, supuestamente, estaban dirigidos a la recopilación de información para la prevención y represión del terrorismo, pero en la práctica implicaron violaciones inaceptables al derecho fundamental a la privacidad no solo de ciudadanos estadounidenses, sino de otras nacionalidades. Diversos actores de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones internacionales han reaccionado mediante la elaboración de informes que manifiestan una elevada preocupación por el fenómeno de la vigilancia transnacional de masas y que pretenden ensalzar el discurso de los derechos humanos como límite contra las injerencias en la privacidad. En este contexto, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea pronunció en el año 2015 la sentencia Schrems que invalidó una decisión de la Comisión Europea sobre el Acuerdo de Puerto Seguro que regulaba la transferencia de datos personales desde la Unión Europea a Estados Unidos. Este trabajo analiza críticamente dicha sentencia, porque ofrece interesantes aportaciones para la protección de los derechos a la privacidad y la protección de los datos personales, habiéndose convertido en un leading case de referencia obligada para la resolución de casos similares.

76 FR 20553 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-13

... 170480 (10-05-2793P). 30, 2010, The Saas, Mayor, Village of Northwest Herald. Huntley, 10987 Main Street... 170480 (10-05-2799P). 23, 2010, The Saas, Mayor, Village of Northwest Herald. Huntley, 10987 Main Street...

O Supremo Individual: mecanismos de atuação direta dos Ministros sobre o processo político / The Supreme Individuals: how Brazilian Supreme Court Justices can directly influence the political process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Werneck Arguelhes

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Estudos e críticas à participação do Supremo Tribunal Federal na vida política nacional costumam assumir, ainda que implicitamente, que a decisão do tribunal a ser analisada ou criticada é obtida após um processo decisório interno colegiado. Mesmo que esse processo seja imperfeito, ele é visto como condição necessária para que os inputs individuais dos Ministros possam produzir efeitos relevantes sobre o mundo fora do tribunal. Neste trabalho, mostramos que os Ministros do STF podem agir individualmente, sem passar pelo colegiado, de modo a produzir efeitos sobre o comportamento de atores externos ao tribunal. Mapeamos conceitualmente esse tipo de poder individual, a partir de um marco teórico da análise institucional, para então identificar alguns exemplos na prática decisória do tribunal: a antecipação de posições na imprensa, o uso de pedidos de vista de longa duração e o uso de decisões monocráticas para avançar posições jurisprudenciais. Com base nesses três exemplos, apontamos e discutimos algumas implicações da existência desses poderes individuais para estudos sobre judicialização da política e comportamento judicial. Em especial, destacamos os problemas normativos que surgem quando se reconhece a possibilidade de que uma ação judicial internamente minoritária (isto é, uma ação que não expressa a preferência da maioria dos Ministros produza resultados externamente contramajoritários. Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Poderes Individuais; Comportamento Judicial; Processo Decisório; Análise Institucional.                                                 Abstract: Existing studies on the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court tend to assume, even if implicitly, that decisions they analyze are the outcome of an internal, collective decision-making process. Even when this process is criticized as problematic in itself, it is seen as a necessary condition for the

A Note on the M/V "Louisa" Case

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tanaka, Yoshifumi

2014-01-01

In the M/V “Louisa” case of 28 May 2013, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea held that it had no jurisdiction, even though it had established prima facie jurisdiction at the provisional measures stage. The M/V “Louisa” case thus gives rise to questions regarding the relationship...... between prima facie jurisdiction and jurisdiction on the merits. Moreover, the M/V “Louisa” Judgment also sheds some light on the applicability of the doctrine of abuse of rights provided in Article 300 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea....

Las preferencias ideológicas y políticas judiciales: un modelo actitudinal sobre el voto en el tribunal constitucional de ecuador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiago BASABE SERRANO

2008-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El estudio del comportamiento, dinámicas e interacciones de los jueces es un campo de la Ciencia Política que, a pesar de su fertilidad, ha sido analizado residualmente en América Latina. Frente a ello, este trabajo propone un modelo formal sobre el comportamiento de los vocales del Tribunal Constitucional de Ecuador (TC a través del que se argumenta que las preferencias políticas de los jueces influyen en la dirección que asumen sus votos. Analizado en un amplio período de actividades del TC (1999-2003, y recurriendo a una base de datos de 441 observaciones, el modelo de regresión lineal produce resultados que verifican empíricamente la hipótesis propuesta. Recurriendo a una metodología múltiple, en la que destaca la construcción de un indicador independiente para medir la ubicación ideológica de los jueces, el trabajo concluye sugiriendo criterios a partir de los que se abona el terreno para la posterior exploración, no sólo del voto judicial sino también de las lógicas que conducen los procesos de toma de decisiones en cortes y tribunales de justicia.ABSTRACT: The study of the behavior, dynamic and interactions of the judges, is a field of the Political Science that, in spite of its fertility, has been analyzed residually in Latin America. As opposed to it, this work proposes an formal model of the behavior of the judges of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador (TC in which is argued that the political preferences of the judges influence in the direction who assume their votes. Tested in an ample period of activities of the  TC (1999-2003, and resorting to a data base of 441 observations, the model of linear regression produces results that verify the propose explanatory hypothesis empirically. Resorting to a multiple methodology, in which it emphasizes the construction of an independent indicator to measure the ideological location of the judges, the work also concludes suggesting criteria from whom the land for

Genotypic characterization by multi locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis international Bordetella pertussis vaccine strains

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Fatah Moghadam

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Background: In 1930's first whole cell pertussis vaccines became available to the public heralding a dramatic success in overcoming the global burden of the disease. To date only a handful of B. pertussis strains have been used by international/local pertussis vaccine manufacturers. Inevitable well-documented genetic changes in the world population of this pathogen have prompted serious questions on suitability of traditional vaccine strains protect human against currently circulating wild isolates of Bordetella pertussis. Objective: Analyzing the genetic diversity within the most frequently-used vaccine strains of B. pertussis in the world Methods: A recently developed multi locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA genotyping system along with a bioinforamtic piece of analysis was conducted on 11 strain / substrains of B137, B203 (10536, C393, Cs, E476, Tohama I, J445 (134, B202 and J446 (509 plus 2 sub-strains of 134 and 509 that are used at Razi institute for preparation of pertussis vaccine. In this study have used 6 individual loci of VNTR1, VNTR3a, VNTR3b, VNTR4, VNTR5 and VNTR6. Findings: Six distinct genotypes were recognized among the examined strains by comparing our data with the Dutch MLVA databank. These were all new and not reported before in the database. Conclusion: This observation reiterates on necessity for detection of predominant native strains to include in vaccine preparations suitable for different countries.

The Spanish Constitutional Rights Court and its interpretation of the Term 'Feminism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandra Germán Doldán

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The Constitutional Tribunal, the highest judicial court involved in the interpretation of the Spanish Constitution, has issued numerous judgments of high technical value in order to advance gender equality. Its decisions had widely developed, as a guarantee, the prohibition of gender discrimination included in Article 14 of the Spanish Constitution. However, these decisions had not always employed theoretically accurate concepts or adequately refined conceptual models This article is a critical examination of the body of case law produced by the Constitutional Tribunal regarding the definition and interpretation of the terms feminism and feminist. The purpose is to determine whether the content given by the Tribunal to these terms matches the theoretical construct derived from the consolidated sociology of gender research or if, contrariwise, it reproduces the ideas and concepts of the patriarchal society that provides the context where these decisions were produced

Annual Report 2014 from the Human Resources Department

CERN Multimedia

HR Department

2015-01-01

The 2014 Annual Report from the Human Resources department concerning the settlement of disputes and discipline under Chapter VI of the Staff Rules and Regulations.   1) Introduction The 2014 Annual Report, under Chapter VI (“Settlement of Disputes and Discipline”) of the Staff Rules and Regulations, serves to report: • cases of submission of requests for review, • internal appeals, • complaints before the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT); and • cases in which disciplinary action was taken.   2) Requests for Review and Internal Appeals Under Article S VI 1.01 of the Staff Rules, members of the personnel may challenge an administrative decision by the Director-General where it adversely affects the conditions of employment or association that derive from their contract or from the Staff Rules and Regulations. If permitted by the Staff Rules and Regulations, a decision may be chall...

IPSN activity report 1999; Rapport d'activite de l'IPSN 1999

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

The ''Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire'' (IPSN), carries out researches and expert studies needed to manage nuclear risks and their consequences on people and environment. These activities cover the installation safety, the radioactive matter transport, the public health and environmental control, the nuclear matters safety and control and the crisis situation management. The IPSN have got also a mission of public information and participates to international actions in the domain of scientific researches or expert's report. This annual report presents the highlights of the year 1999, information on staff, budgets and geographical situation. Then technical and scientific papers gathers the activities of the year covered by the IPSN: the ''Free Tribune'', installations and radioactive wastes safety, crisis and nuclear matter management, public health and environment control, international cooperation. (A.L.B.)

Activity report 1998; Rapport d'activite 1998

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

The ''Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire'' (IPSN), carries out researches and expert studies needed to manage nuclear risks and their consequences on people and environment. These activities cover the installation safety, the radioactive matter transport, the public health and environmental control, the nuclear matters safety and control and the crisis situation management. The IPSN have got also a mission of public information and participates to international actions in the domain of scientific researches or expert's report. This annual report presents the highlights of the year 1998, information on staff, budgets and geographical situation. Then technical and scientific papers gathers the activities of the year covered by the IPSN: the ''Free Tribune'', installations and radioactive wastes safety, crisis and nuclear matter management, public health and environment control, international cooperation. (A.L.B.)

Activity report 1998

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

The ''Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire'' (IPSN), carries out researches and expert studies needed to manage nuclear risks and their consequences on people and environment. These activities cover the installation safety, the radioactive matter transport, the public health and environmental control, the nuclear matters safety and control and the crisis situation management. The IPSN have got also a mission of public information and participates to international actions in the domain of scientific researches or expert's report. This annual report presents the highlights of the year 1998, information on staff, budgets and geographical situation. Then technical and scientific papers gathers the activities of the year covered by the IPSN: the ''Free Tribune'', installations and radioactive wastes safety, crisis and nuclear matter management, public health and environment control, international cooperation. (A.L.B.)

IPSN activity report 1999

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

The ''Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire'' (IPSN), carries out researches and expert studies needed to manage nuclear risks and their consequences on people and environment. These activities cover the installation safety, the radioactive matter transport, the public health and environmental control, the nuclear matters safety and control and the crisis situation management. The IPSN have got also a mission of public information and participates to international actions in the domain of scientific researches or expert's report. This annual report presents the highlights of the year 1999, information on staff, budgets and geographical situation. Then technical and scientific papers gathers the activities of the year covered by the IPSN: the ''Free Tribune'', installations and radioactive wastes safety, crisis and nuclear matter management, public health and environment control, international cooperation. (A.L.B.)

Global cultural governance by Investment Arbitral Tribunals : the making of a Lex Administrativa Culturalis

OpenAIRE

Vadi, Valentina

2015-01-01

The protection of cultural heritage is a fundamental public interest, closely connected to fundamental human rights and deemed to be among the best guarantees of international peace and security. Economic globalization has spurred a more intense dialogue and interaction among nations, potentially promoting cultural diversity. However, this phenomenon may also jeopardize cultural heritage. Foreign direct investments in the extraction of natural resources have the ultimate capacity to change cu...

32 CFR 507.10 - Incorporation of designs or likenesses of approved designs in commercial articles.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... DECORATIONS, MEDALS, BADGES, INSIGNIA, COMMERCIAL USE OF HERALDIC DESIGNS AND HERALDIC QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM... organizational insignia may be incorporated in articles manufactured for sale provided that permission has been... the coat of arms, crest, seal and organizational emblems. Such permission will be in writing...

32 CFR 507.6 - Authority to manufacture.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Authority to manufacture. 507.6 Section 507.6... PUBLIC RELATIONS MANUFACTURE AND SALE OF DECORATIONS, MEDALS, BADGES, INSIGNIA, COMMERCIAL USE OF HERALDIC DESIGNS AND HERALDIC QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM Manufacture and Sale of Decorations, Medals, Badges...

32 CFR 507.9 - Articles not authorized for manufacture or sale.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Articles not authorized for manufacture or sale... CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS MANUFACTURE AND SALE OF DECORATIONS, MEDALS, BADGES, INSIGNIA, COMMERCIAL USE OF HERALDIC DESIGNS AND HERALDIC QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM Manufacture and Sale of Decorations...

32 CFR 507.8 - Articles authorized for manufacture and sale.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Articles authorized for manufacture and sale. 507... CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS MANUFACTURE AND SALE OF DECORATIONS, MEDALS, BADGES, INSIGNIA, COMMERCIAL USE OF HERALDIC DESIGNS AND HERALDIC QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM Manufacture and Sale of Decorations...

L’opinion dissidente de Pal et le révisionnisme historique dans le Japon d’après-guerre The dissentient judgment of Pal and historical revisionism in Postwar Japan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Takeshi Nakajima

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Dans son opinion dissidente au procès de Tôkyô (le Tribunal militaire international pour l’Extrême-Orient, le juge indien Radhabinhod Pal avait contesté le bien-fondé des notions de « crime contre la paix » et de « crimes contre l’humanité » élaborées par la Charte du tribunal qui furent utilisées pour condamner les hauts responsables japonais comme « criminels de guerre de classe A ». Considérant que ces notions relèvent d’une législation ex post facto, il estima qu’il eût été préférable de s’en tenir à la notion existante de « crimes de guerre ». Faute de quoi, au lieu de servir la justice, le procès de Tokyo cautionna selon lui l’idée qu’il suffirait de sortir vainqueur d’un conflit armé pour pouvoir imposer la loi de manière arbitraire. Au Japon, cette opinion se vit peu à peu durcie, puis détournée de sa visée initiale, par un courant de plus en plus outrageusement révisionniste. Cet article réexamine les points essentiels de l’argumentation de Pal avant d’analyser la façon dont les révisionnistes japonais s’en sont emparée.In his dissenting judgment in the Tokyo trial (the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the Indian judge Radhabinhod Pal had challenged the validity of the concepts of "crime against peace" and "crime against humanity" developed by the Charter of the court and which were used to condemn the Japanese officials as "war criminals category A". Whereas these concepts are subject to ex post facto legislation, he felt it was better to stick to the existing concept of "war crimes". Failing that, instead of justice, the trial of Tokyo according to endorse the idea that it was enough to win an armed conflict to impose the law in an arbitrary manner. In Japan, this opinion is gradually tightened, then diverted from its original purpose, by a stream of more and more outrageously revisionist. This article reviews the essential points of the argument of

Alterações orçamentárias e créditos adicionais especiais: o entendimento do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquim Antônio Murta Oliveira Pereira

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro consagra, em matéria de orçamento público, o princípio da precedência, pelo qual as peças orçamentárias devem ser elaboradas antes da sua aplicação. Portanto, a execução da despesa pública é precedida do planejamento. Porém, durante sua execução o orçamento deve ser adaptado para as situações que escapam a possibilidade de previsão quando da sua elaboração. Para isso, a Constituição prevê diversos mecanismos que permitem a adequação do orçamento à realidade. Alguns desses mecanismos visam adequar o orçamento às decisões administrativas, tal como uma reforma administrativa em que órgãos são extintos e/ou criados, enquanto outros devem ser utilizados para realizar correções no orçamento diante de falhas na previsão de receitas e fixação de despesas. Dentre esses instrumentos, destacam-se os créditos adicionais e, em se tratando de despesa não prevista originariamente no orçamento, o instrumento adequado é o crédito adicional especial. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a utilização de cada um desses mecanismos de alteração do orçamento público e, com base na legislação vigente e em conceituações doutrinárias, foram verificados quais são os requisitos e a finalidade de cada um, a fim de que se possa saber qual instrumento utilizar, de acordo com a situação apresentada. Foram feitas considerações, tendo em vista o posicionamento do Tribunal de Contas de Estado de Minas Gerais acerca dos créditos especiais, tendo por base quais são os requisitos legais para a correta discriminação da despesa no orçamento, a fim de que se conclua pela existência ou não de uma nova despesa.

La atribución al Estado del comportamiento de los particulares en el ámbito de la responsabilidad internacional.

OpenAIRE

Ballesteros Moya, Vanessa

2013-01-01

El interés de la presente investigación se deriva, como se pone de manifiesto en todo una serie de pronunciamientos de los órganos judiciales internacionales ¿Corte Internacional de Justicia, Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos o Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Antigua Yugoslavia¿ en estos últimos veinte años, de la compleja realidad contemporánea donde múltiples actores, en ocasiones motivados por su propio interés pero en otras actuando como s...

La ley 1592 y la protección de los derechos de las víctimas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milton Armando Gómez Cardozo

2012-09-01

Full Text Available As the Colombian transitional justice process, regulated by Act 975, has not given the expected results, it has postponed the fulfillment of justice expectations of the armed conflict victims. The Act 1592 was sanctioned with the aim to speed up processes before Justice and Peace tribunals in order to accomplish State obligations. Despite the reform, in section 23, it establishes that Justice and Peace Judge Magistrates are banned to estimate the value of victims’ harm and damages, hence, blatantly infringing the Constitution and international treaties undersigned by the Colombian State. The present paper puts forward a discussion regarding the unconstitutional nature of the abovementioned rule

JURISDICCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL Y DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES: ASPECTOS A DESTACAR EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA DISCUSIÓN ESPAÑOLA Fundamental rights and constitucional jurisdition: Some features to hightlight in the spanish context discussion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Villacorta Mancebo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Los Derechos Fundamentales constituyen el sistema de valores en orden a la pervivencia de la comunidad. Ahora bien, la evolución más significativa de la teoría de los Derechos Fundamentales procede del reconocimiento, junto a la garantía individual concreta, de la dimensión jurídico-objetiva iusfundamental. El nuevo planteamiento ha resultado esencial para el reforzamiento de los Derechos Fundamentales, a cuyo respecto surge para el Estado Social no sólo una prohibición de exceso sino también una prohibición de omisión. El Tribunal Constitucional español reconoce desde la Sentencia 25/1981 (en adelante: STC el doble carácter de los Derechos Fundamentales, esto es, su consideración en cuanto derechos públicos subjetivos y atendiendo a su naturaleza de elementos esenciales de un ordenamiento objetivo de la comunidad. Debido a su eficacia normativa inmediata y al carácter esencial aludido, su vigencia y garantía afecta de modo esencial a la legitimidad del Estado; ello explica que buena parte de los mismos reciban protección jurisdiccional privilegiada por parte del Tribunal Constitucional. Era poco probable la rápida imposición de los Derechos Fundamentales en España sin la garantía de un Tribunal Constitucional comprometido ante la nueva Constitución.Fundamental Rights consist of a system of values in order to guarantee the survival of the community. However, the most significant evolution of the Fundamental Rights theory begins with the acknowledgement, together with the concrete individual guarantee, of a legal-objective dimension. This new approach has been essential for reinforcing Fundamental rights, in which respect for the social state there appears to be not only the prohibition of excess as well as that of omission. The Spanish Constitutional Tribunal acknowledges under the 25/1981 sentence the double character of Fundamental Rights, that is, its consideration as far as subjective public rights, and as essential

Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ndelu Lindiwe

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Globalization has been accompanied by the rapid spread of infectious diseases, and further strain on working conditions for health workers globally. Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. This led to developing information and communication technology (ICT tools. The research conducted also showed the need for better workplace inspections, so a workplace audit tool was also developed to supplement worker questionnaires and the ICT. When invited to join Ecuadorean colleagues to promote occupational health and infection control, these tools were collectively adapted and improved, including face-to-face as well as on-line problem-based learning scenarios. The South African government then invited the team to work with local colleagues to improve occupational health and infection control, resulting in an improved web-based health information system to track incidents, exposures, and occupational injury and diseases. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This tool was originally developed in collaboration with the countries from the Caribbean region and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO. Research from these experiences led to strengthened focus on building capacity of health and safety committees, and new modules are thus being created, informed by that work. The products developed have been widely heralded as innovative and interactive, leading to their inclusion into “toolkits” used internationally. The tools used in Canada were substantially improved from the collaborative adaptation process for South and Central America and South Africa. This international

Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact.

Science.gov (United States)

Yassi, Annalee; Bryce, Elizabeth A; Breilh, Jaime; Lavoie, Marie-Claude; Ndelu, Lindiwe; Lockhart, Karen; Spiegel, Jerry

2011-11-08

Globalization has been accompanied by the rapid spread of infectious diseases, and further strain on working conditions for health workers globally. Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. This led to developing information and communication technology (ICT) tools. The research conducted also showed the need for better workplace inspections, so a workplace audit tool was also developed to supplement worker questionnaires and the ICT. When invited to join Ecuadorean colleagues to promote occupational health and infection control, these tools were collectively adapted and improved, including face-to-face as well as on-line problem-based learning scenarios. The South African government then invited the team to work with local colleagues to improve occupational health and infection control, resulting in an improved web-based health information system to track incidents, exposures, and occupational injury and diseases. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This tool was originally developed in collaboration with the countries from the Caribbean region and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Research from these experiences led to strengthened focus on building capacity of health and safety committees, and new modules are thus being created, informed by that work.The products developed have been widely heralded as innovative and interactive, leading to their inclusion into "toolkits" used internationally. The tools used in Canada were substantially improved from the collaborative adaptation process for South and Central America and South Africa. This international collaboration between occupational

UN legal advisers meet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1969-01-01

Legal Advisers from twelve international organizations belonging to the United Nations Organization's family met at the Agency's Headquarters in Vienna on 19 and 20 May to discuss legal problems of common administrative interest. The meeting was held on the initiative of the Agency while the UN Conference on the Law of Treaties was taking place in Vienna during April and May. With Mr. Constantin A. Stavropoulos, Under-Secretary, Legal Counsel of the United Nations, as chairman, this was the second meeting of Legal Advisers since 1954. The following organizations were represented: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, World Health Organization. Topics discussed included the recruitment of legal staff and possible exchange of staff between organizations; competence and procedure of internal appeals committees, experience with cases before the Administrative Tribunals and evaluation of their judgments; experience with Staff Credit Unions; privileges and immunities of international organizations; headquarters and host government agreements; and patent policies of international organizations. Consultations will continue through correspondence and further meetings. (author)

Activity report 1998; Rapport d'activite 1998

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

The ''Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire'' (IPSN), carries out researches and expert studies needed to manage nuclear risks and their consequences on people and environment. These activities cover the installation safety, the radioactive matter transport, the public health and environmental control, the nuclear matters safety and control and the crisis situation management. The IPSN have got also a mission of public information and participates to international actions in the domain of scientific researches or expert's report. This annual report presents the highlights of the year 1998, information on staff, budgets and geographical situation. Then technical and scientific papers gathers the activities of the year covered by the IPSN: the ''Free Tribune'', installations and radioactive wastes safety, crisis and nuclear matter management, public health and environment control, international cooperation. (A.L.B.)

IPSN activity report 1999; Rapport d'activite de l'IPSN 1999

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

The ''Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire'' (IPSN), carries out researches and expert studies needed to manage nuclear risks and their consequences on people and environment. These activities cover the installation safety, the radioactive matter transport, the public health and environmental control, the nuclear matters safety and control and the crisis situation management. The IPSN have got also a mission of public information and participates to international actions in the domain of scientific researches or expert's report. This annual report presents the highlights of the year 1999, information on staff, budgets and geographical situation. Then technical and scientific papers gathers the activities of the year covered by the IPSN: the ''Free Tribune'', installations and radioactive wastes safety, crisis and nuclear matter management, public health and environment control, international cooperation. (A.L.B.)

La obligación de investigar las desapariciones forzadas y su aplicación a los crímenes del franquismo en España

OpenAIRE

Galella, Patricio

2014-01-01

La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de España en el caso por prevaricato contra el juez Garzón por pretender investigar los crímenes del franquismo ha cerrado la vía judicial como medio para canalizar las reclamaciones de los familiares de víctimas del franquismo. En su lugar, el Tribunal sostuvo que otros mecanismos eran los apropiados. La práctica indica, sin embargo, que los juzgados competentes han archivado sistemáticamente las causas y la Ley de Memoria Histórica es insuficiente, colocand...

La legitimación del ciudadano en el proceso constitucional

OpenAIRE

Alfaro González, Luis Fernando

1999-01-01

La tesis afronta una cuestión básica: el acceso del ciudadano al Tribunal Constitucional, bien sea en demanda de tutela para sus derechos fundamentales mediante el recurso de amparo, bien sea acudiendo a los otros cauces procesales que la Constitución y la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional han previsto. Se trata por añadidura el caso costarricense muy interesante en este mismo aspecto. Además la tesis hace un esbozo de las causas de inadmisión de los procesos constitucionales que regul...

Notificaciones Electrónicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Luisa Tosi Zás

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Las Notificaciones Electrónicas desde la perspectiva informático–jurídicaExpositora: María Luisa Tosi ZásAlgunas reflexiones sobre el nuevo sistema de notificaciones electrónicasExpositora: Raquel LandeiraSistema de Comunicaciones ElectrónicasExpositora: Rosario García PelufoSituación del Tribunal de lo Contencioso AdministrativoExpositor: Eduardo LombardiSituación del Tribunal de lo Contencioso AdministrativoExpositora: Susana GianarelliEl sistema de clave pública y clave privadaExpositor: Andrés Saravia

Análisis sobre la ponderación de la prueba en el sistema electoral chileno

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Carlos Manuel Rosales García

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones chileno tiene la facultad constitucional de erigirse como jurado para la valoración de las pruebas, esto significa poder apreciar la prueba de manera libre, para posteriormente, sentenciar con arreglo a derecho. Este artículo estudiará las principales características del juicio por jurado, con base en la doctrina y experiencia del derecho estadounidense, observando tanto su adopción y adaptación por el Tribunal Electoral, así como sus pros y contras en el sistema electoral chileno

Heralded entanglement of two remote atoms

Science.gov (United States)

Krug, Michael; Hofmann, Julian; Ortegel, Norbert; Gerard, Lea; Redeker, Kai; Henkel, Florian; Rosenfeld, Wenjamin; Weber, Markus; Weinfurter, Harald

2012-06-01

Entanglement between atomic quantum memories at remote locations will be a key resource for future applications in quantum communication. One possibility to generate such entanglement over large distances is entanglement swapping starting from two quantum memories each entangled with a photon. The photons can be transported to a Bell-state measurement where after the atomic quantum memories are projected onto an entangled state. We have set up two independently operated single atom experiments separated by 20 m. Via a spontaneous decay process each quantum memory, in our case a single Rb-87 atom, emits a single photon whose polarization is entangled with the atomic spin. The photons one emitted from each atom are collected into single-mode optical fibers guided to a non-polarizing 50-50 beam-splitter and detected by avalanche photodetectors. Bunching of indistinguishable photons allows to perform a Bell-state measurement on the photons. Conditioned on the registration of particular two-photon coincidences the spin states of both atoms are measured. The observed correlations clearly prove the entanglement of the two atoms. This is a first step towards creating a basic node of a quantum network as well as a key prerequisite for a future loophole-free test of Bell's inequality.

Sistema Integrado de Contabilidade (SIC como Ferramenta de Controle Externo sob a Ótica dos Servidores do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Ceará (TCE

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Giovana de Albuquerque Andrade

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A Constituição determina que a fiscalização contábil, financeira, orçamentária, operacional e patrimonial da União e das entidades da administração direta e indireta será exercida pelo Congresso Nacional, mediante controle externo, e pelo sistema de controle interno de cada Poder. No âmbito do Estado do Ceará, o Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Ceará (TCE é o órgão de controle externo responsável por essa fiscalização, utilizando o Sistema Integrado de Contabilidade (SIC como ferramenta auxiliar na fiscalização dos jurisdicionados. Deste modo, objetivou-se no presente trabalho verificar a contribuição do SIC no contexto das atividades de controle externo exercidas pelos servidores do TCE. Para tanto, foi realizada inicialmente uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do controle externo, das competências do TCE e acerca do SIC. Em seguida, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de questionários junto aos servidores para a coleta dos dados sobre o sistema. Ressalte-se que o universo da pesquisa foi o total de servidores que executam atividades de controle, sendo adotado como critério na amostra intencional, a utilização do SIC no desenvolvimento dessas atividades. Após a coleta, esses dados foram trabalhados e estudados, sendo demonstrados os resultados obtidos com o auxílio de tabelas, quadros e gráficos. Ao término, foi possível delinear o perfil dos servidores que utilizam o SIC, bem como identificar a percepção destes quanto aos benefícios e limitações desse sistema. Constatou-se, portanto, que o SIC contribui positivamente para as atividades de controle externo mais relevantes do TCE, contudo, é preciso aperfeiçoá-lo em alguns pontos, bem como é necessário que os servidores aprofundem o seu conhecimento no SIC por meio de treinamentos, visando utilizá-lo de maneira mais eficiente.

Measurement-induced amplification of optical cat-like states

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laghaout, Amine; Neergaard-Nielsen, Jonas Schou; Rigas, J.

2013-01-01

with pairs of small cats and then to interfere them on a balanced beam splitter. The projective measurement of one of the outputs is used to herald a larger cat resulting from the constructive interference of the initial states. The scheme proposed here uses the projection |x = 0〉〈x = 0| as the heralding...

Rahvusvaheline Jugoslaavia Tribunal / Evelin Lehis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lehis, Evelin

1996-01-01

ÜRO Julgeolekunõukogu resolutsiooniga 1993. a. loodud Rahvusvahelisest Jugoslaavia Tribunalist asukohaga Haagis: struktuurist ja kompetentsist. Kuritegudest, mis on sooritatud siseriikliku sõjalise konflikti käigus

"... en Juvel - paa en Tribune"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lehrmann, Ulrik

2012-01-01

Undersøgelse af Herman Bangs mangesidede virke som henholdsvis oplæser på turné i provinsen, forfatter af romanen Mikaël og journalist på avisen København i året 1904......Undersøgelse af Herman Bangs mangesidede virke som henholdsvis oplæser på turné i provinsen, forfatter af romanen Mikaël og journalist på avisen København i året 1904...

VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO E TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: o que é gênero segundo o discurso dos desembargadores e desembargadoras e qual seu reflexo na aplicação da Lei Maria da Penha

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Ramos da Silva

2018-04-01

Full Text Available A Lei Maria da Penha foi criada para tutelar os direitos das mulheres em situação de violência e, para a sua aplicação, é necessário que estejam presentes alguns requisitos, tendo em vista que nem toda violência que ocorre é baseada no gênero. Contudo, na hora da aplicação da lei e verificação da presença desses requisitos, por vezes ocorrem equívocos quanto ao que é efetivamente violência de gênero, o que ocasiona o declínio de competência em casos que deveriam ser abarcados pela Lei Maria da Penha e julgados pelos Juizados de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher. Através de uma análise dos acórdãos proferidos pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (TJRS, verificou-se que isso ocorre, dentre outros motivos, por causa da incipiência do conceito de gênero no Judiciário, o que acaba prejudicando o processamento de casos objeto dessa lei. Este artigo, portanto, buscou entender qual é o conceito de gênero utilizado pelo TJRS e, a partir disso, trazer o conceito de gênero vindo das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, verificando se havia consonância entre ambos.

Computational Complexity of Bosons in Linear Networks

Science.gov (United States)

2017-03-01

is between one and two orders-of-magnitude more efficient than current heralded multiphoton sources based on spontaneous parametric downconversion...expected to perform tasks intractable for a classical computer, yet requiring minimal non-classical resources as compared to full- scale quantum computers...implementations to date employed sources based on inefficient processes—spontaneous parametric downconversion—that only simulate heralded single

¡La competencia electoral de la Sala Constitucional de Costa Rica!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernal Arias Ramírez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Ensayo que en tres partes analiza el deslinde de competencias entre la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. La primera desarrolla cuáles son las competencias dadas por la Constitución y por la ley a la Sala Constitucional frente al Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. En segundo lugar, analiza, si la jurisdicción constitucional violentó con su voto de mayoría el Derecho de la Constitución al emitir la sentencia que anula la resolución del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, que autorizaba la recolección de firmas para convocar un referéndum sobre el proyecto de ley denominado “Ley de unión civil entre personas del mismo sexo”. Posteriormente, en una tercera parte, aborda un asunto reciente como es lo relativo a la acción de inconstitucionalidad de la ex diputada Mauren Ballestero Vargas contra el artículo 262 del Código Electoral.

Características de los casos juzgados en el Tribunal de Ética Médica de Santander, Colombia, desde la promulgación de la Ley 100 de 1993

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Arnulfo Rodríguez Cornejo

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Introducción y objetivos: Desde la promulgación de la Ley 100, de 1993, los usuarios del nuevo Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud aumentaron el conocimiento de sus derechos, por ende exigen mejor calidad y cumplimiento en estos servicios por parte de los profesionales de la medicina. El objetivo es identificar las características de los casos demandados ante el Tribunal Ética Médica Santander (TEMS. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal aleatorizado con una muestra de 120 casos. La información fue captada y revisada por un miembro del TEMS, la cual se transcribió sin elementos de identificación de los implicados. Las variables estudiadas incluyen la descripción del demandante, del demandado y la resolución del proceso. Resultados: Se revisaron 136 casos radicados en el TEMS desde 1994 hasta 2009. El 56.6% de los afectados fueron mujeres, y el 47.1% de las demandas fueron remitidas al TEMS por un ente judicial. El 83.1% de los demandados fueron hombres, con una media de 42.12 años, de ellos el 37.5% no tenía especialidad. El tiempo entre la ocurrencia de los hechos y la radicación en el TEMS fue de 244 días en promedio; entre la radicación y el pronunciamiento fue de 761 días en promedio. El 89.5% fue acusado por infringir los artículos de la relación médico-paciente. En el pronunciamiento el 72.7% de los casos fueron absueltos por falta de méritos y 16.2% recibió condena. Conclusiones: Es relevante que se analice la relación médico-paciente y se fortalezcan las acciones de concientización sobre la integridad profesional. Así mismo, es importante revisar las características del procesamiento de los casos.

Protección jurídica de las invenciones tecnológicas en el marco de la Unión Europea: Sentencia del 6 de julio de 2010 del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea

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Luisa Fernanda Herrera Sierra

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Ante los nuevos desarrollos de la ingeniería genética y en el marco de una economía globalizada, donde lo que sacrifica una parte la gana la otra, el derecho asume un papel de decantación y de armonización de intereses superpuestos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis concreto de la sentencia del 6 de julio de 2010, proferida por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, mediante la cual se estableció el alcance espacial y temporal del Artículo 9 de la Directiva 98/44/ce del Parlamento Europeo. De conformidad con esta norma, la protección conferida por la patente de una secuencia de ADN, integrada a otros productos derivados, se encuentra supeditada al ejercicio de la función para la cual se patentó. Una decisión en este sentido tiene una gran influencia en el impulso de la innovación, al permitir la configuración de nuevos escenarios generados a partir de la aparición de diferentes usos de las secuencias protegidas. Los derechos de los innovadores de conocimiento, tales como Monsanto, deben estar rodeados de un marco jurídico claro respecto al alcance de la protección conferida a sus derechos; de lo contrario, la comercialización, el desarrollo y la innovación de nuevos productos estarían exageradamente limitados.

As agências reguladoras independentes e o Tribunal de Contas da União: conflito de jurisdições? The independent regulatory agencies and the Federal Court of Accounts: a jurisdictional conflict?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Granha Magalhães Gomes

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a emergência, no Brasil, de agências reguladoras independentes (ARIs e suas especificidades quanto ao desenho institucional; analisa ainda a evolução recente da atuação do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU no contexto da nova gestão pública. No desenho das ARIs têm destaque os mecanismos que lhes conferem independência política, dada a natureza de suas atribuições e competências. Por outro lado, o TCU vem ampliando seu campo de atuação, passando a avaliar não mais apenas os aspectos formais da legalidade de procedimentos, mas também o desempenho e resultados alcançados por órgãos e entidades públicas. O TCU passa a atuar no acompanhamento e avaliação do desempenho das agências. O artigo analisa a interface entre independência e controle, discutindo possíveis conflitos institucionais entre as agências reguladoras e o TCU.This article analyzes the emergence of the independent regulatory agencies (IRAs in Brazil and their specificities as to their institutional design. It also discusses the recent developments in the Federal Court of Accounts' actions within the new public management context. IRAs were designed with emphasis on the features that give them political independence, considering the nature of their attributions and capabilities. On the other hand, the Federal Court of Accounts (FCA has broadened its area of activities, assessing not only the formal aspects of the legality of procedures, but also the performance and the results of organisms and public institutions. The FCA is tracking and assessing the agencies' performance. The article analyzes the interface between independence and control, discussing possible institutional conflicts between regulatory agencies and the FCA.

The content of arbitration agreement: Facultative elements as an instrument for exercising contractual freedom

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Janićijević Dejan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The content of an arbitration agreement is of great practical importance, given the effect its provisions may have on the rights and interests of the parties in the arbitration proceedings. Beside the mandatory elements, an arbitration agreement may include numerous facultative provisions, where parties express their contractual freedom, limited only by the imperative law and institutional arbitration rules. Even in cases when contractual provisions are contrary to the imperative law, in many states, the policy of maintaining arbitration agreement would result in ignoring the problematic provisions. The list of facultative elements of an arbitration agreement is practically limitless; among other elements, it may include: time limitations on the validity of an arbitration agreement; determinations referring to the composition of the arbitration tribunal; detailed rules pertaining to the procedure, decision-making processes and content of the arbitration award as well as its annulment; provisions on the choice of law; the right of third parties to intervene; joinder, consolidation and the authority of arbitration tribunal to decide as amiable compositeur or ex aequo et bono. The development of international commerce as well as arbitration legislature and practice, featuring transactions of ever-increasing complexity, have brought about the need to establish dispute resolution mechanisms modulated according to their specific characteristics. The customary practice of concluding arbitration agreements in the form of standardized and simple clauses is being challenged by the growing complexity of international trade. Therefore, not only should a modern arbitration agreement clearly demonstrate the parties' intent to submit a dispute to arbitration but it should also conform the arbitration procedure (as much as possible] to the content of the parties' relationship and the dispute that has emerged or may arise thereof.

Regimén Jurídico de la Prescripción en el Código Penal español

OpenAIRE

Pastor Alcoy, Francisco José

2015-01-01

La presente tesis tiene como objeto el régimen jurídico de la prescripción en el código penal español para lo cual presenta la evolución legislativa de la misma en el ordenamiento jurídico desde el CP de 1822 hasta la LO 1/2015. Importantes cambios en la prescripción supuso el Código Penal de 1995 a los que se unieron nuevas interpretaciones jurisprudenciales y un diálogo entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo y la doctrina científica que ha germinado en importantes cambio...

The arbitration clause of the American International Petroleum Negotiators - AIPN; A clausula compromissoria do modelo AIPN 2002 (American International Petroleum Negotiators) para 'joint operating agreement' a luz da legislacao brasileira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caroli, Carla [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

After the Brazilian Petroleum Act (Lei n. 9.478/97) was enacted and the monopoly over the conduct of E and P activities in Brazil was made flexible, in addition to PETROBRAS, other national and foreign companies could participate in such activities. This participation of different players is increasing, specially by the formation o joint ventures constituted in order to the parties to jointly explore and produce hydrocarbons. Under these new circumstances and considering that it is important to develop efficient contractual rules to discipline the E and P operations, the 2002 AIPN Model Form for Joint Operating Agreement has been often used in Brazil. However, the effectiveness of the arbitration clause provided therein must be analyzed under the applicable law to the contract. Besides, since the operations are to be conducted in Brazil, sometimes the Brazilian Law will apply or decisions rendered by an arbitral tribunal may have to be executed in Brazil. Therefore, this paper intends to analyze how the arbitration clause provided by the 2002 AIPN Model Form may be adapted to fit the Brazilian Law. (author)

OS NOVOS CONTORNOS CONFERIDOS À APOSENTADORIA ESPECIAL PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL: O JULGAMENTO DO ARE N. 664.335 SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO / NEW LIGHT ASSIGNED BY SUPREME COURT TO SPECIAL RETIREMENT: THE CASE ARE N. 664.335

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Oksandro Osdival Gonçalves

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo examinar os efeitos da decisão proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no benefício previdenciário denominado aposentadoria especial. Para tanto, fez-se uso da hermenêutica histórica, haja vista a sua capacidade de reconstruir elementos motivadores de uma teoria. Com isso, puderam ser observadas as mudanças ocorridas nessa prestação até chegar à forma com que é concedida hoje. Atualmente, o segurado deve comprovar, mediante formulário denominado perfil profissiográfico previdenciário, a efetiva exposição a agentes nocivos por 15, 20 ou 25 anos. Ocorre que a autarquia previdenciária condiciona a redução no tempo de contribuição a um aumento no custeio, sob pena de ofensa ao equilíbrio econômico. Com essas premissas em mente, a matéria chegou à Suprema Corte brasileira e duas teses foram criadas. Nessa toada, o artigo buscou examinar de forma pormenorizada quais foram as proposições e como estas podem conferir novos rumos à matéria utilizando o ferramental da análise econômica do direito. Palavras-chave: Aposentadoria especial. Empresas. Tributação. Análise econômica do direito.

Establishing Post-Conflict Justice Through U.S. Occupation: Military Tribunals as a Means of Transitional Justice

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

modest and specific ambitions of the London Agreement at the time of its signing. Legal philosopher Hans Kelsen , for example, claims that this... Kelsen , “Will the Judgment in the Nuremberg Trial Constitute a Precedent in International Law?” in Perspectives on the Nuremberg Trial, ed. Guenael...through ex post facto legislation. Kelsen argues that the exclusion of domestic accountability supports the notion that “nobody will be tried by a

Corporations and the Uses of Law: International Investment Arbitration as a “Multilateral Legal Order

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Peter Muchlinski

2011-05-01

Full Text Available This paper seeks to examine the claim, made by certain legal scholars, that international investment law, though based mainly on Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs is in fact a multilateral order that introduces principles of an emergent “global administrative law” into the regulation of state conduct in relation to foreign investors and their investments. Such scholars argue that this order develops through the decisions of investor-State arbitral tribunals which are creating a harmonised understanding of the meaning of BIT provisions and an institutional system of adjudication that furthers the development of global administrative principles. Through a critical examination of this approach the paper argues that this field is not a multilateral order but an unstructured process of privatised legal entrepreneurship which seeks to further a professional interest in developing an extensive, investor friendly, regime of BITs. Furthermore, that process fails as a means of providing effective or legitimate legal review of administrative action.  The argument is made both on a theoretical level and by a review of a specific issue in international investment law, namely, the development of  wider types of claims and the rise of so-called “treaty shopping” by means of corporate group structuring.  In particular the multi-jurisdictional location of various affiliates in a multinational enterprise creates a network of potential claimants in investor state disputes, giving rise to the risk of multiple claims, while the possibility of setting up affiliates in various jurisdictions creates opportunities for “treaty shopping”. “Treaty shopping” involves the enterprise locating an affiliate in a jurisdiction that has signed an investment protection treaty with the host country, allowing various affiliates and/or the parent in a group enterprise to benefit from treaty protection even though they possess the nationality of a state that has no

Counterclaim in investment arbitration as an instrument for protection of the environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Đundić Petar

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The paper considers the possibility for respondent states in investment arbitration to use the counterclaim as an instrument for establishing responsibility of the investor for infringement of the environment. The analysis is directed towards the two most significant obstacles in this regard. The first is the issue of whether the investor has, by commencing arbitration against the host state, consented to the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal for issues raised in the counterclaim. The practice of those tribunals shows that the problem is particularly complex with regard to the interpretation of the close connection requirement for admissibility of the counterclaim, i. e. the requirement that there is a connection between the dispute in question and claims raised by the respondent state. Furthermore, apart from the problem of jurisdiction and admissibility of the counterclaim, the respondent state is faced with the potential lack of its normative basis. This is the issue of whether the legal rules applied by the tribunal to the merits of the dispute contain an obligation owed by the investor and whether the infringement of that obligation would constitute a basis for submission of a counterclaim.

ARCO and Sun agree to settle Iranian claims

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that ARCO and Sun Co. Inc. have agreed to separate settlements totaling almost $261 million that resolve their claims over oil field assets expropriated by Iran in 1978--80. The agreements are subject to approval by the Iran-U.S. claims tribunal at The Hague. The tribunal was set up in 1981 to resolve foreign claims to assets nationalized by the government of Ayatollah Khomeini following the fall of the Shah of Iran as a result of the 1978-79 Iranian revolution. The settlements are seen as the latest steps Iran has taken to normalize relations with the U.S., notably through petroleum related deals

La Inquisición en Écija

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Palacios Alcalde

1988-01-01

Full Text Available El Tribunal de la Inquisición fue creado por los Papas en la Edad Media y actuó en el conjunto de la Cristiandad con una excepción: el Reino de Castilla. En éste no se introdujo hasta el año 1478, cuando, a petición de los Reyes Católicos, lo estableció el Papa Sixto IV. En 1482 se erigió un Tribunal inquisitorial en la ciudad de Córdoba, al que se señaló, como ámbito de jurisdicción, un amplio territorio en el que estaba incluido el arcedianato de Écija.

Interactive Information Organization: Techniques and Evaluation

Science.gov (United States)

2001-05-01

current, tour, disneyland 10 Star Tours Heralds New Type Of Show at Theme Parks; Collaborating With Lucas salamon, film, genre, picture, vietnam... disneyland 10 Star Tours Heralds New Type Of Show at Theme Parks; Collaborating With Lucas 13 Creating Fantasies: Disney’s ’Imagineers’ Build Space...inter-document similarity – to organize the search results in two very different ways. 5 tech, attract, group, park, current, tour, disneyland 10 Star

Indigenous Storytelling and Participatory Action Research

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Storytelling, in its various forms, has often been described as a practice with great emancipatory potential. In turn, Indigenous knowledge shows great promise in guiding a participatory action research (PAR) methodology. Yet these two approaches are rarely discussed in relation to one another, nor, has much been written in terms of how these two approaches may work synergistically toward a decolonizing research approach. In this article, I report on a community-driven knowledge translation activity, the Peoples’ International Health Tribunal, as an exemplar of how narrative and PAR approaches, guided by local Indigenous knowledge, have great potential to build methodologically and ethically robust research processes. Implications for building globally relevant research alliances and scholarship are further discussed, particularly in relation to working with Indigenous communities. PMID:28462305

Crisis in Honduras: The Search for Answers to the Removal of President Manuel Zelaya

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-01

gravity for Zelaya’s growing leftist rhetoric and ideology.185 She “had embraced Marxism and Central America’s revolutionary movements in her...349 Ruhl, “Honduras Unravels,” 102. 350 Frances Robles, “Top Honduran Military Lawyer: We Broke the Law,” The Miami Herald, July 3, 2009, News...in Latin America.” Comparative Politics 42, no. 4 (2010). Robles, Frances . “Top Honduran Military Lawyer: We Broke the Law.” The Miami Herald

Prosecuting the Leaders: Promises, Politics and Practicalities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert Cryer

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Given recent developments in relation to the prosecution of international crimes,  it might be thought that one of the last bastions of sovereignty has been breached, and international criminal law has not only entrenched itself in international law. Indeed further to this, it has assumed a supranational position that stands entirely above States, promising justice for all and as a trump card over depredations committed in the name of State sovereignty. After all, Charles Taylor from Liberia is standing trial before the Special Court for Sierra Leone, Slobodan Milošević only escaped judgment by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former

Propofol Infusion Syndrome Heralded by ECG Changes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mijzen, Elsbeth J.; Jacobs, Bram; Aslan, Adnan; Rodgers, Michael G. G.

2012-01-01

Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is well known, often associated with, lethal complication of sedation with propofol. PRIS seems to be associated with young age, traumatic brain injury (TBI), higher cumulative doses of propofol, and the concomitant use of catecholamines. Known manifestations of

Neutrinos herald possible new physics in Japan

CERN Multimedia

2011-01-01

There’s an embarrassment of choice for my message this week. Firstly, it was great to see a press release from the Japanese T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) experiment on 15 June, signalling not only potentially great physics, but also that the Japanese physics community is getting back on its feet after the earthquake and tsunami. Back home, the LHC is running beautifully...    Crossing the inverse femtobarn threshold so early into this years run is wonderful achievement, and augurs well for the summer conferences. We’ve now reached the stage where a single LHC fill is delivering as much data as the entire 2010 run. And finally, when Council met this week, I was pleased to announce that CERN has received formal confirmation from all five applicants for membership, opening the way to CERN welcoming new members soon. A busy two weeks, then, but what I’d like to focus on is the new result from Japan.   Simply stated, the T2K result shows the first indication of...

Heralded Magnetism in Non-Hermitian Atomic Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tony E. Lee

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Quantum phase transitions are usually studied in terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians. However, cold-atom experiments are intrinsically non-Hermitian because of spontaneous decay. Here, we show that non-Hermitian systems exhibit quantum phase transitions that are beyond the paradigm of Hermitian physics. We consider the non-Hermitian XY model, which can be implemented using three-level atoms with spontaneous decay. We exactly solve the model in one dimension and show that there is a quantum phase transition from short-range order to quasi-long-range order despite the absence of a continuous symmetry in the Hamiltonian. The ordered phase has a frustrated spin pattern. The critical exponent ν can be 1 or 1/2. Our results can be seen experimentally with trapped ions, cavity QED, and atoms in optical lattices.

Internal Audit Service | Internal Audit Service

Science.gov (United States)

their internal auditing function in the areas of professional excellence, quality of service and Students and teachers Media Internal Audit Service Navbar Toggle Home About the Staff Risk Assessment and Planning Internal Audit Process Search for Search Home The mission of the Fermilab Internal Audit Service

Título V de la Constitución de Cádiz : poder judicial, origen del Tribunal Supremo, y unidad de códigos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro J. Tenorio Sánchez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo estudia el Título V de la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812, regulador del Poder Judicial, de algunos derechos fundamentales y del principio de unidad de códigos. Tiene una introducción sobre la doctrina de la división del poder en LOCKE y MONTESQUIEU. El Poder Judicial en la Constitución de Cádiz tuvo gran importancia porque fue el que enfrentó a las Cortes con los antiguos Consejos de la Administración borbónica. El trabajo comienza analizando la plasmación en la Constitución del principio de división de poderes. La recepción de este principio se hace bajo la influencia de MONTESQUIEU y de la Constitución francesa de 1791. No obstante, en el Discurso Preliminar con el que los constituyentes explicaban la Constitución, presentan a ésta como una recuperación de antiguas leyes de la Monarquía Hispánica. Por lo que se refiere a las características del Poder judicial, la Constitución sienta las bases y las paredes maestras del mismo. En particular, aunque no reconocen explícitamente la independencia judicial, la garantiza a lo largo de varios de sus preceptos. En la estructura judicial se sitúa en la base a los Alcaldes, y en el vértice, al Tribunal Supremo. Es de destacar que no se recoge la figura del jurado. Por lo que se refiere al Tribunal Supremo, hay que señalar que no es la institución típica de un Estado de Derecho liberal. No lo llegará a ser hasta 1838, cuando se regule el recurso de nulidad, convirtiéndolo en una especie de recurso de casación. El Título V contiene, por otra parte, una serie variada de garantías de la libertad personal, procesales, de la propiedad, del domicilio, y humaniza el tratamiento penitenciario. Una característica del mismo que hay que destacar es que recoge la propia posibilidad de que esos derechos y garantías sean suspendidos. La Constitución recoge en el Título V, art. 258, el principio de unidad de códigos. Toda la Constitución está inspirada por la

Le comte qui était comtesse : un cas de gynandrie au tribunal de Vienne (1890 The Count who was a Countess: a Case of Gynandry in the Court of Vienna (1890

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Pognant

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Il s’agit d’une des premières expertises auprès des tribunaux de la Cour impériale conduite par Krafft-Ebing alors qu’il venait d’être nommé professeur de psychiatrie à Vienne. Il eut à mener cette expertise dans une affaire de mœurs à propos d’une jeune comtesse hongroise qui, selon lui, souffrait de gynandrie, ce qui l’aurait conduite à convoler en noces illégitimes avec une jeune fille en escroquant au passage son « beau-père ». Il sera notamment intéressant de voir comment Krafft-Ebing a orienté son expertise pour la faire coïncider avec la théorie qu’il avait élaborée à propos des psychopathies sexuelles (et notamment les degrés de l’homosexualité et comment il obtint l’acquittement de la jeune femme qui, d’ailleurs, passa le reste de sa vie dans la peau (et le pantalon d’un homme en se faisant appeler M. le Comte…This article is about one of the first expert testimonies presented to the tribunals of the imperial Court, conducted by Krafft-Ebing when he had just been named professor of psychiatry at Vienna. He was called in on a case involving a young Hungarian countess – in his view, suffering from gynandrism – charged with illegitimate marriage to a young woman and knowingly misrepresenting herself to her “father-in-law” in the process.  Of particular interest is the way Krafft-Ebing oriented his testimony, aligning it with the theory he had previously elaborated regarding sexual psychopathies (notably degrees of homosexuality. Of interest, too, is his role in the acquittal of the countess, who spent the rest of her life as a man (in body and dress, identifying himself as Monsieur le Comte…

Juan de Rueda Alcántara y la construcción de las cárceles secretas de la Inquisición en Granada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Méndez Rodríguez

2007-12-01

Full Text Available En 1687, Juan de Rueda Alcántara presentó a petición del inquisidor Fernando de Villamarín, el proyecto para realizar la construcción de unas nuevas cárceles secretas para el Tribunal de la Inquisición en Granada. Este trabajo analiza el plano y los alzados inéditos de este edificio a partir de una copiosa documentación, así como el proceso constructivo que se inició y los problemas derivados de la construcción, que enfrentó en una agria polémica al tribunal granadino con el Consejo de la Inquisición.

Diferença de Classe no SUS é inconstitucional!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alethele de Oliveira Santos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A discussão sobre a ‘diferença de classe’ decorre do Recurso Extraordinário (RE 581488 interposto pelo Conselho Regional de Medicina do Rio Grande do Sul (Cremers em face da decisão do Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ªRegião (TRF –4ª, em favor do município de Canela (RS (1 junto ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF, com repercussão geral  reconhecida sob o número 579. Trata-se da possibilidade de que paciente do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS pague valor financeiro por hotelaria diferenciada, ou ainda, médico de sua preferência.

International Trade. International Business

OpenAIRE

Мохнюк, А. М.; Mokhniuk, A. M.

2015-01-01

Work programme of the study course “International Trade. International Business” was prepared in accordance with educational and vocational training program for bachelors of training direction 6.030601 “Management”.

Microresonators for Nonlinear Quantum Optics

Science.gov (United States)

Vernon, Zachary

In this thesis I study in detail the quantum dynamics of several nonlinear optical processes in microresonator systems. A Heisenberg-picture input-output formalism is developed from first principles that includes the effects of scattering losses and independent quality factors and coupling ratios for different resonances. The task of calculating the device output is then reduced to solving a set of driven, damped, ordinary differential equations for the resonator mode operators alone. This theoretical framework is used to study photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing in the weakly pumped regime, on which the effects of scattering losses are appraised. A more strongly driven regime is studied for continuous wave pumps, demonstrating when self- and cross-phase modulation and multi-photon pair generation become important, and their effects on the spectral and power scaling properties of the system are examined; A detuning strategy is presented that compensates for some of these effects. The results of the weak-pump regime are applied to study microresonator-based heralded single photon sources. The impact of scattering losses is studied, revealing that typical systems suffer from low heralding efficiency due to these losses. A technique to improve heralding efficiency is presented through over-coupling the resonator-channel system, and a resultant trade-off between heralding rate and heralding efficiency is uncovered. Limitations to the spectral purity of the heralded single photon output for conventional microresonator systems are also analysed, and a more sophisticated coupling scheme presented to overcome the upper bound for spectral purity of 93% that exists in typical systems, permitting the generation of single photons with spectral purity arbitrarily close to 100% without spectral filtering or sophisticated phase-matching techniques. The theory of quantum frequency conversion in microresonators using four-wave mixing is then developed in detail

The OCRWM Enterprise. A publication of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-05-01

This serial contains the following articles related to radioactive waste management: Cross-drift excavation heralds new phase in site characterization; International conference to feature in-depth tour of Yucca Mountain; OCRWM releases revised draft RFP for waste acceptance and transportation; Busted Butte tests important to viability assessment and licensing process; Regional transportation committees meet to address national issues; OCRWM Home Page is tops and getting better; OCRWM addresses public comments in repository EIS process; Researchers turn up the heat on Yucca Mountain rock; El Nino helps scientists study water movement at Yucca Mountain; Smaller tunnel boring machine begins big excavation job at Yucca Mountain; and Transportation group works to ensure coordination

Panorama 2010: Short-term trends in the gas industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lecarpentier, A.

2010-01-01

After a period of strong expansion that lasted for most of 2008, the gas industry was hard hit by the impact of the economic recession. Although the competitiveness of the gas price was often an advantage in 2009, the natural gas market saw a net decline in consumption that led to a historic decrease in world production and international trade. In addition, the subsequent collapse of market prices gave LNG a competitive edge in the Atlantic Basin, where surplus gas continued to accumulate, heralding a long 'gas bubble' period that the industry will have to adjust to permit harmonious, long-term development of the gas markets. (author)

(Re) framing the nation : the Afro -Cuban challenge to Black and Latino struggles for American identity

OpenAIRE

Gosin, Monika

2009-01-01

This dissertation interrogates the complexity of late 20th and early 21st century racial projects, focusing on conflict and convergence among African Americans, Cuban exiles, and Afro-Cubans in the United States. A textual analysis of the African American Miami Times and the Spanish language El Herald/El Nuevo Herald during the 1980 Mariel exodus and 1994 Balsero crisis, reveals the concerns of Miami African Americans and Cubans related to issues of race, immigration, and national belonging. ...

JPRS Report, Arms Control

Science.gov (United States)

1989-05-09

drop his ANZUS bombshell by his visit to Strawberry Fields in New York with Yoko Ono, the widow of Beatle John Lennon. The Opposition regarded Mr...Murphy; THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD 27 Apr] 11 Lange Said To Risk Leadership [S. Collins; NEW ZEALAND HERALD 27 Apr] 12 Bush Administration Called...30-31 [Article by Hsiao Li: "Outlook for Talks on Conven- tional Forces in Europe"] [Text]Special dispatch from Vienna The talks on Conven- tional

Threats to bioethical principles in medical practice in Brazil: new medical ethics code period.

Science.gov (United States)

Gracindo, G C L; da Silva Gallo, J H; Nunes, R

2018-03-15

We aimed to outline the profile of medical professionals in Brazil who have violated the deontological norms set forth in the ethics code of the profession, and whose cases were judged by the higher tribunal for medical ethics between 2010 and 2016. This survey was conducted using a database formed from professional ethics cases extracted from the plenary of the medical ethics tribunal of the Federal Council of Medicine. These were disciplinary ethics cases that were judged at appeal level between 2010 and 2016. Most of these professionals were male (88.5%) and their mean age was 59.9 years (SD=11.62) on the date of judgment of their appeals, ranging from 28 to 95 years. Most of them were based in the southeastern region of Brazil (50.89%). Articles 1 and 18 of the medical ethics code were the rules most frequently violated. The sentence given most often was the cancellation of their professional license (37.6%) and the acts most often sentenced involved malpractice, imprudence, and negligence (18.49%). It is acknowledged that concern for the principles of bioethics was present in the appeal decisions made by the plenary of the medical ethics tribunal of the Federal Council of Medicine.

Threats to bioethical principles in medical practice in Brazil: new medical ethics code period

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G.C.L. Gracindo

2018-03-01

Full Text Available We aimed to outline the profile of medical professionals in Brazil who have violated the deontological norms set forth in the ethics code of the profession, and whose cases were judged by the higher tribunal for medical ethics between 2010 and 2016. This survey was conducted using a database formed from professional ethics cases extracted from the plenary of the medical ethics tribunal of the Federal Council of Medicine. These were disciplinary ethics cases that were judged at appeal level between 2010 and 2016. Most of these professionals were male (88.5% and their mean age was 59.9 years (SD=11.62 on the date of judgment of their appeals, ranging from 28 to 95 years. Most of them were based in the southeastern region of Brazil (50.89%. Articles 1 and 18 of the medical ethics code were the rules most frequently violated. The sentence given most often was the cancellation of their professional license (37.6% and the acts most often sentenced involved malpractice, imprudence, and negligence (18.49%. It is acknowledged that concern for the principles of bioethics was present in the appeal decisions made by the plenary of the medical ethics tribunal of the Federal Council of Medicine.

Intergovernmental organisation activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2015-01-01

This section treats of the following Intergovernmental organisation activities: 1 - European Atomic Energy Community: Non-legally binding instruments - Communication from the European Commission 'Towards an Integrated Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan: Accelerating the European Energy System Transformation'; 2014 Annual Report of the Euratom Supply Agency; Report of June 2015 from the Euratom Supply Agency to the European Commission on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes; 2 - International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS); 59. regular session of the IAEA General Conference (Resolutions of the Conference, Measures to Strengthen International Cooperation in Nuclear, Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety (GC(59)/RES/9): conventions, regulatory frameworks and supporting non-legally-binding instruments for safety, Nuclear liability, National infrastructures, Nuclear installation safety, Safe management of radioactive sources, Nuclear and radiological incident and emergency preparedness and response); Nuclear Security (GC(59)/RES/10); IAEA Treaty Event; Legislative assistance activities; Nuclear Law Institute; 3 - OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA): European Nuclear Energy Tribunal (ENET) Inaugural Session for the 9. mandate; New signatories to the extension of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Framework Agreement; Joint Declaration on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes; International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC); 15. session of the International School of Nuclear Law (ISNL); 2016 session of the International Nuclear Law Essentials (INLE)

32 CFR 845.1 - Purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... EXPENSES IN FOREIGN TRIBUNALS § 845.1 Purpose. This part establishes criteria and assigns responsibility... the Armed Forces, civilian personnel and dependents. Payment of fines is not authorized hereunder. ...

Single-temporal-mode photon generation beyond the low-power regime

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McKinstrie, C. J.; Christensen, Jesper Bjerge; Rottwitt, Karsten

2017-01-01

Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a strongly-birefringent fiber generates signal and idler photons that are associated with only one pair of temporal modes, for a wide range of pump powers. Nonlinear phase modulation degrades the heralded-signal purity only slightly.......Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a strongly-birefringent fiber generates signal and idler photons that are associated with only one pair of temporal modes, for a wide range of pump powers. Nonlinear phase modulation degrades the heralded-signal purity only slightly....

Nuclear fuel cycle: international market, international constraints and international cooperation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, R.

1977-01-01

Some of the constraints on the nuclear fuel cycle are ones arising from economic and financial reasons, those caused by uranium resources and their distribution, those arising from technical reasons, issues of public acceptance, and those quite independent of normal industrial considerations, but caused by elements of international politics. The nuclear fuel cycle and the international market, matters of nuclear non-proliferation, and international cooperation are discussed

Kosovo peaminister sai Haagi tribunalilt sõjaroimasüüdistuse / Kaivo Kopli

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kopli, Kaivo

2005-01-01

Kosovo peaminister Ramush Haradinaj astus ametist tagasi, kuna Haagi tribunal esitas talle ametliku süüdistuse sõjakuritegudes 1998.-1999. aasta kodusõjas. Lisa: Kosovo Vabastusarmeest parteijuhiks ja peaministriks

22 CFR Appendix A to Part 194 - Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission Rules of Procedure (As Amended April 1, 2002)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... preliminary question. However, the arbitral tribunal may proceed with the arbitration and rule on such a plea... shall determine the admissibility, relevance, materiality and weight of the evidence offered. Interim...

Constitutional Provisions And Administrative Disciplinary Powers ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Constitutional Provisions And Administrative Disciplinary Powers: The Medical ... and Dental Practitioners Act. This process of administrative adjudication is ... the rights guaranteed to the professionals when they appear before the Tribunal.

International Criminalization of International Terrorizm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Grigoryevich Volevodz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Analysis and studying of the terrorism in all its facets is a complex entangled problem with less clear legal regulation that it might seem at first glance, especially after its transformation from local phenomenon into a world threat. Hitherto terrorism and actions connected to it have been criminalized by the majority of states. There are in modern criminal law whole systems of rules on criminal liability for terrorism which differs considerably from country to country. Terrorism has been criminalized in numerous international regional and universal antiterrorist legal instruments. The author notes that differences in definitions that are enshrined in them hinders international cooperation in criminal matters with respect to terrorist cases. Difficulties reside in the necessity to meet the dual criminality requirement and in the political offense exception. These difficulties can only be overcome through elaboration of a universally recognized definition of the notion of international terrorism and making it legally binding via its inclusion into a universal convention. The issue of definition of international terrorism is an important part of an efficient mutual assistance among states in fight against this crime. In this article the author accounts of actual ways of tackling by the international community of the issue of criminalization of international terrorism and of factors influencing them.

Le Japon et la Cour pénale internationale : enjeux politiques et mémoriels Japan and the International Criminal Court: memory and political issues

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eric Seizelet

2010-07-01

Full Text Available En juillet 2007, le Japon a officiellement adhéré au Statut de Rome de 1998 établissant la Cour pénale internationale (CP1. En rejoignant la CPI, le cabinet Abe Shinzô a confirmé la détermination sans faille du gouvernement japonais à soutenir la mise en place d’un tribunal criminel permanent, à collaborer à la poursuite des individus suspectés de génocides, de crimes de guerre, de crimes contre l’humanité et de crimes d’agression, et à renforcer ainsi le droit humanitaire international. Mais, en dépit de cet engagement ancien, le gouvernement avait remis à plus tard son adhésion effective, invoquant des raisons budgétaires et la nécessité de mettre le droit interne en accord avec les dispositions du Statut de Rome. Le but de cet article est de démontrer que ce retard fut également imputable à deux autres raisons : la crainte qu’une adhésion précoce ne vienne renforcer les actions en réparation intentées par les « femmes de réconfort » et les victimes de travail forcé durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et l’attitude des États-Unis qui se sont opposés avec force à la création de la CPI. Il souligne également la situation inconfortable du gouvernement japonais : en tant que membre de la CPI, il aura à connaître d’affaires d’esclavage sexuel et de travail forcé à l’égard desquelles la communauté internationale lui reproche une mémoire défaillante ou sélective. En définitive, même si la participation japonaise à la CPI est de nature à conforter la légitimité de la Cour dans son caractère universel, l’attitude ambiguë des autorités japonaises ne peut qu’affaiblir l’impact de l’adhésion au Statut de Rome sur d’autres grandes puissances asiatiques telles que la Chine, l’Inde, l’Indonésie et le Pakistan soucieuses de protéger leur souveraineté contre toute ingérence de la Cour.On July 2007, Japan officially adhered to the 1998 Rome Statute setting up the

Misplaced hope: misleading health service practitioner representations and consumer protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Freckelton, Ian

2012-09-01

A series of court and tribunal decisions in the course of 2012 in Australia has highlighted the vulnerability of seriously ill patients to overtures and advertising by charismatic health practitioners offering panaceas of unproven efficacy. Drawing upon the findings of the Victorian Court of Appeal in relation to Noel Campbell, the Deputy State Coroner of Western Australia in relation to Helfried Sartori, and the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal in relation to Reza Ghaffurian, it is argued that there is a strong public interest in the capacity for effective early intervention by government in relation to unscrupulous and unethical conduct by health practitioners, whether they are registered or unregistered. For Australia a constructive reform would be nationally consistent legislation to regulate unregistered health practitioners.

Régimen organizativo de los partidos políticos en Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Román Jacobo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Siguiendo la estructura del Código Electoral, el artículo agrupa los temas relativos al régimen organizativo de los partidos políticos en cinco secciones: disposiciones generales, registro de partidos, inscripción, órganos, fusiones y coaliciones. Dentro de las disposiciones generales analiza el derecho de formar partidos políticos, su naturaleza jurídica, estatutos y los derechos y deberes de los militantes. En la materia de inscripción, tres son los temas tratados: constitución, inscripción y renovación de estructuras. Expone, además, la estructura de la organización partidaria (asambleas, comités ejecutivos, fiscales, Tribunal de Ética y Tribunal Electoral.

O assassinato de um homossexual diante de um tribunal da Capital da República em meados do século XX The murder of a homosexual treated at a court in the Capital of de Republic of Brazil in the mid-twentieth century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rivail Carvalho Rolim

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar como o assassinato de um homossexual foi tratado em um tribunal da Capital da República em meados do século XX. Os autos criminais podem revelar aspectos significativos sobre a aplicação do direito nas instâncias judiciais. Ressaltamos como a cultura jurídico-penal no país continuou reproduzindo os mesmos padrões socioculturais das culturas jurídico-penais ocidentais; em última instância, condenando o prazer ou pelo menos determinadas formas de senti-lo. Da mesma forma, inferimos que, por intermédio da legalidade processual, se reprimiu determinado comportamento sexual, já que a legalidade formal não preceituava a homossexualidade como crime.The aim of this paper is to analyze how the murder of a homosexual was treated at a court in the capital of the Republic of Brazil in mid-twentieth century. Although intrinsically individualizing, criminal records reveal significant aspects on the application of the law in judicial court instances. The juridical and penal culture of the period reproduced continually the same social and cultural standards of Western juridical and penal culture in spite of the contemporary accumulation of knowledge. In other words, pleasure was condemned or, at least, certain forms of feeling pleasure, especially those which directly impaired procreation. Results show that through juridical legality certain types of sexual behavior were repressed, since the law itself did not consider homosexuality a crime.

75 FR 18088 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-09

... 0491P). November 17, 2009; Nolan, Mayor, City of Press-Enterprise. Corona, 400 South Vincentia Avenue..., City of Casper Star-Tribune. Casper, 200 North David Street, Casper, WY 82601. Natrona Unincorporated...

Human Rights Law for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific: The Need for a Disability Rights Tribunal

Science.gov (United States)

Perlin, Michael L.

2013-01-01

Human rights are arguably the most significant political force shaping the life experience of people with disability. The "United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" sets the standard at an international level, creating both positive and negative rights, and calls upon member states of the United Nations (UN)…

Repairing the past for a better future: The role of reparations in ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2011-02-01

Feb 1, 2011 ... ... tribunals around the globe, grieving accounts of violent injustice. ... Reparations can be personal, directed at individuals in respect of individual wrongs; ... connections between knowledge and policy, learning and action.

Boletín DTCENS de actualidad jurídico laboral nº 2

OpenAIRE

Gimeno Díaz de Atauri, Pablo; Nieto Rojas, Patricia; Aragón Gómez, María Cristina; Mercader Uguina, Jesús Rafael; Moreno Solana, Amanda; Muñoz Ruiz, Ana Belén; Pérez del Prado, Daniel

2010-01-01

Este boletín recopila normativa y jurisprudencia comunitaria en materia social, normativa jurídico-laboral estatal publicada en el BOE, así como las principales sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional. No publicado

South African Crime Quarterly 59

African Journals Online (AJOL)

make informed decisions. This section ... the minister the power to decide on parole in cases of life imprisonment ..... Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration, see ... 61 R. v. Northumberland Compensation Appeal Tribunal, ex.

Color engineering in the age of digital convergence

Science.gov (United States)

MacDonald, Lindsay W.

1998-09-01

Digital color imaging has developed over the past twenty years from specialized scientific applications into the mainstream of computing. In addition to the phenomenal growth of computer processing power and storage capacity, great advances have been made in the capabilities and cost-effectiveness of color imaging peripherals. The majority of imaging applications, including the graphic arts, video and film have made the transition from analogue to digital production methods. Digital convergence of computing, communications and television now heralds new possibilities for multimedia publishing and mobile lifestyles. Color engineering, the application of color science to the design of imaging products, is an emerging discipline that poses exciting challenges to the international color imaging community for training, research and standards.

The Development of Customary International Law by International Organizations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Odermatt, Jed

2017-01-01

In his Fourth Report on the Identification of Customary International Law (2016), Special Rapporteur Michael Wood confirmed that ‘[i]n certain cases, the practice of international organizations also contributes to the expression, or creation, of rules of customary international law.......’ That the practice of international organizations can be relevant when identifying customary international law is relatively uncontroversial. The practice of states within international organizations such as the UN General Assembly, for example, may contribute to the development of custom. Yet, there is little...... discussion about whether and how the practice of international organizations as such may contribute to the development of customary international law. This contribution discusses the organization that is the most capable of contributing to the development of customary international law in its own right...

The international law commission and international environmental law

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramcharan, B.G.

1975-01-01

If the oceans are destroyed through pollution there will be nothing left to manage. Protection against pollution is thus a fundamental aspect of ocean management. What legal principles are available for the protection of the oceans. This paper brings together the relevant practice of the foremost international body responsible for the codification and development of international law: the International Law Commission. It describes the work of the Commission concerning: 1) pollution of the high seas; 2) pollution of international watercourses; and 3) international responsibility for environmental hazards. It concludes by expressing the hope that the Commission will further study, codify and develop international environmental law

Internationalism and Globalization as Contexts for International Education

Science.gov (United States)

Cambridge, James; Thompson, Jeff

2004-01-01

A problem with the construction of an inclusive definition of international education is that the word 'international' has a variety of connotations. It is proposed that the term 'international education' is ambiguous because it appears to refer to contrasting usages in educational studies. International education is frequently discussed in the…

From Public International to International Public Law: Translating World Public Opinion into International Public Authority

NARCIS (Netherlands)

von Bogdandy, A.; Goldmann, M.; Venzke, I.

This article argues that increasing demands in world public opinion for legitimate and effective international institutions require a paradigm shift in public international law. There is a part of public international law that should be better understood as international public law because it

Je rozhodčí soud pro sport v Lausanne ideálním vzorem sportovní arbitráže?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hamerník, Pavel

2014-01-01

Roč. 4, 3 - 4 (2014), s. 43-49 ISSN 1338-5569 Institutional support: RVO:68378122 Keywords : Court of Arbitration for Sport * Swiss federal tribunal * arbitration Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences www.magisterofficiorum.sk

14 CFR 375.26 - Waiver of sovereign immunity.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... that are engaged in proprietary of commercial activities waive any defense of sovereign immunity from suit in any action or proceeding instituted against any of them in any court or other tribunal in the...

The application of protection standards for foreign investments. A view from an argentine case perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian G. Sommer

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The guidelines of the Washington Covenant in the 90s, involved the political and economic transformation of the Latin American states due to the liberalization of the economy, government reform, deregulation and privatization. Following these guidelines, the term “foreign investment” became an imperative for economic growth and development, so that the states to achieve such purposes resorted to bilateral solutions, modifying national legislation and signing Bilateral Investment Treaties (bit. The incorporation of a series of protection standards as fair treatment, expropriation clauses, most favored nation, as a condition for the participation of foreign investors in the public services of the states, are a clear example of this new reality. The system for the promotion and protection of foreign investment has been becoming a new “subsystem” international law, with its own rules and its own enforcement mechanism for dispute resolution through international arbitration tribunals, although in some where collision States constitutional standards.

The Law and Practice of Criminal Asset Forfeiture in South African Criminal Procedure: A Constitutional Dilemma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinesh Basdeo

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The deprivation of the proceeds of crime has been a feature of criminal law for many years. The original rationale for the confiscation of criminal assets at international level was the fight against organised crime, a feature of society described by the European Court of Human Rights as a "scourge" so that the draconian powers which are a feature of confiscation regimes around the world have been approved in circumstances which otherwise might have caused governments considerable difficulties before the international human rights tribunals. The primary objective of this article is to determine if the asset forfeiture measures employed in the South African criminal justice system are in need of any reform and/or augmentation in accordance with the "spirit, purport and object" of the South African Constitution. This article attempts to answer three questions. Firstly, why is criminal asset forfeiture important to law enforcement? Secondly, in which circumstances can property be forfeited and what types of property are subject to forfeiture? Thirdly, how is forfeiture accomplished, and what are its constitutional ramifications?

La construcción jurisprudencial europea de la teoría de los principios generales de la contratación pública y su plasmación posterior en la legislación de la Unión Europea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antonio Moreno Molina

2017-12-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo se analiza la importancia de los principios generales del derecho en el desarrollo del derecho administrativo europeo, y la especial relevancia que la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea tiene sobre los principios generales de la contratación pública. A través de su jurisprudencia, el juez europeo ha declarado que la obligación de respeto de los principios de objetividad, imparcialidad y no discriminación en la adjudicación de los contratos públicos se extiende a todos estos contratos. De esta manera, el papel del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ha sido decisivo para la evolución de la legislación europea sobre contratos públicos.

Regulation of health practitioners by trade practices and fair trading legislation.

Science.gov (United States)

Freckelton, Ian

2009-02-01

In a variety of situations, particularly those characterised by commerciality, corporate structures and unregistered practitioners, there are major limitations to traditional regulation by health boards and councils, as well as hearings by external tribunals. Part of the difficulty lies with the ability of external bodies to award compensation to complainants/notifiers proved to have suffered adverse consequences from proven unprofessional conduct. This column advances suggestions for reform of the powers of external tribunals to redress this deficit. It also reviews the benefits of an associated form of regulation by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and offices of fair trading to enable consumer protection. It reviews recent decisions in the Federal Court of Australia and the Supreme Court of Victoria in such matters as well as recommendations in 2008 by the Victorian Health Services Commissioner.