Sobrecarga dos cuidadores de crianças ou adolescentes que sofrem transtorno mental no município de Maringá - Paraná

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Aparecida Buriola

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a sobrecarga do cuidador de criança ou adolescente com transtorno mental. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo, realizado com 82 cuidadores/familiares de crianças e adolescentes atendidos no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial infantil do município de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. A coleta foi de dezembro de 2012 a julho de 2013, utilizando-se a Escala de Sobrecarga dos Familiares de Pacientes Psiquiátricos e um questionário sócio-demográfico. Resultados: Identificou-se sobrecarga objetiva elevada quanto à assistência em atividades da vida cotidiana, como supervisão na tomada de medicamentos, e sobrecarga subjetiva alta decorrente do convívio com comportamentos problemáticos. Conclusão: Nesse contexto é imprescindível vincular a família nas ações de cuidado prestadas nos serviços de saúde, sendo necessário que os profissionais atuem potencializando pontos positivos da convivência da família com essas crianças e adolescentes, sanando dúvidas e sendo o suporte da família para as dificuldades que surgem no convívio.

Neural imaging to track mental states while using an intelligent tutoring system.

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, John R; Betts, Shawn; Ferris, Jennifer L; Fincham, Jon M

2010-04-13

Hemodynamic measures of brain activity can be used to interpret a student's mental state when they are interacting with an intelligent tutoring system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected while students worked with a tutoring system that taught an algebra isomorph. A cognitive model predicted the distribution of solution times from measures of problem complexity. Separately, a linear discriminant analysis used fMRI data to predict whether or not students were engaged in problem solving. A hidden Markov algorithm merged these two sources of information to predict the mental states of students during problem-solving episodes. The algorithm was trained on data from 1 day of interaction and tested with data from a later day. In terms of predicting what state a student was in during a 2-s period, the algorithm achieved 87% accuracy on the training data and 83% accuracy on the test data. The results illustrate the importance of integrating the bottom-up information from imaging data with the top-down information from a cognitive model.

Um estudo das edições de Ou isto ou aquilo, de Cecília Meireles A study of Cecília Meirelles' Ou isto ou aquilo editions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Sandra de Almeida Ferreira

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Localizar em sua materialidade a obra Ou isto ou aquilo, de Cecília Meireles, em suas edições - 1964; 1969; 1977; 1987; 1990; 2002 -; cotejá-las para compreender as formas pelas quais os textos são apresentados aos seus leitores, em diferentes tempos; e indagar como e por que essas formas são pensadas e concretizadas são desafios deste artigo. Esta pesquisa de cunho exploratório, à luz, principalmente, dos estudos da História Cultural, privilegia, no exame das diferentes edições, as partes externas que envolvem os poemas (o texto propriamente dito e suas ilustrações. Identifica e discute a produção de sentidos e valores ligados à educação do leitor, ao reconhecimento de uma escritora consagrada pela tradição literária, à singularidade da linguagem, à importância de uma prática prazerosa da leitura.This article brings the challenges of locating Cecília Meireles' book Ou isto ou aquilo (Either this or that in its materialness, with considerations on its 1964, 1969, 1977, 1987, 1990 and 2002 editions, as well as comparing these editions in order to understand the forms in which texts are presented to their readers at different times, and questioning how and why these forms are conceived and put into practice. In the light of studies on cultural history, in the analysis of the different editions, this exploratory research prioritizes the external parts that involve poems (the texts themselves and their illustrations. It provides identification and a discussion on the production of senses and values related to readers' education, the recognition of a writer who is consecrated by literary tradition, the uniqueness of the language used, and the importance of pleasant reading practice.

Refractive Errors Affect the Vividness of Visual Mental Images

Science.gov (United States)

Palermo, Liana; Nori, Raffaella; Piccardi, Laura; Zeri, Fabrizio; Babino, Antonio; Giusberti, Fiorella; Guariglia, Cecilia

2013-01-01

The hypothesis that visual perception and mental imagery are equivalent has never been explored in individuals with vision defects not preventing the visual perception of the world, such as refractive errors. Refractive error (i.e., myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism) is a condition where the refracting system of the eye fails to focus objects sharply on the retina. As a consequence refractive errors cause blurred vision. We subdivided 84 individuals according to their spherical equivalent refraction into Emmetropes (control individuals without refractive errors) and Ametropes (individuals with refractive errors). Participants performed a vividness task and completed a questionnaire that explored their cognitive style of thinking before their vision was checked by an ophthalmologist. Although results showed that Ametropes had less vivid mental images than Emmetropes this did not affect the development of their cognitive style of thinking; in fact, Ametropes were able to use both verbal and visual strategies to acquire and retrieve information. Present data are consistent with the hypothesis of equivalence between imagery and perception. PMID:23755186

Assessing environmental features related to mental health: a reliability study of visual streetscape images.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Yu-Tzu; Nash, Paul; Barnes, Linda E; Minett, Thais; Matthews, Fiona E; Jones, Andy; Brayne, Carol

2014-10-22

An association between depressive symptoms and features of built environment has been reported in the literature. A remaining research challenge is the development of methods to efficiently capture pertinent environmental features in relevant study settings. Visual streetscape images have been used to replace traditional physical audits and directly observe the built environment of communities. The aim of this work is to examine the inter-method reliability of the two audit methods for assessing community environments with a specific focus on physical features related to mental health. Forty-eight postcodes in urban and rural areas of Cambridgeshire, England were randomly selected from an alphabetical list of streets hosted on a UK property website. The assessment was conducted in July and August 2012 by both physical and visual image audits based on the items in Residential Environment Assessment Tool (REAT), an observational instrument targeting the micro-scale environmental features related to mental health in UK postcodes. The assessor used the images of Google Street View and virtually "walked through" the streets to conduct the property and street level assessments. Gwet's AC1 coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the concordance of two audits. The results of conducting the REAT by visual image audits generally correspond to direct observations. More variations were found in property level items regarding physical incivilities, with broad limits of agreement which importantly lead to most of the variation in the overall REAT score. Postcodes in urban areas had lower consistency between the two methods than rural areas. Google Street View has the potential to assess environmental features related to mental health with fair reliability and provide a less resource intense method of assessing community environments than physical audits.

Molecular imaging of mental disorders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, Hidehiko; Suhara, Tetsuya

2005-01-01

Positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have made it possible to measure changes in neurochemical components in living human brain. PET can be used to investigate various brain functions such as receptors, transporters, enzymes and various biochemical pathways; therefore, it could be a powerful tool for molecular imaging of mental disorders. Since the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been discussed with a functional alteration of dopaminergic transmission in the brain, we have focused the dopaminergic components for the research target of schizophrenia using PET. Using high affinity ligand [ 11 C]FLB 457, we found reduced D 2 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with schizophrenia, and a significant negative correlation was observed between D 2 receptor binding and the positive symptom score. Subregions of interest were defined on the thalamus using individual magnetic resonance images. D 2 receptor binding was also lower in the central medial and posterior subregions of the thalamus in patients with schizophrenia. Alterations in D 2 receptor function in the extrastriatal region may underlie the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. On the other hand D 1 receptor binding was found to be lower in the prefrontal cortex and a significant negative correlation was observed between D 1 receptor binding and the negative symptom score. Abnormality of D 1 receptor function would be at the bottom of the negative symptoms and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Regarding the effect of antipsychotics on dopamine D 2 receptor, occupancy and it's time-course have been measured in a living body using PET. This approach can provide in vivo pharmacological evidences of antipsychotics and establish the rational therapeutic strategy. PET is a powerful tool not only in the field of brain research but also drug discovery. (author)

La cohésion sociale : une solution ou un moteur de violence urbaine ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La cohésion sociale : une solution ou un moteur de violence urbaine ? 28 septembre 2016. Image. un policer qui gère une foule. Shaun Swingler. COLLECTION: HISTOIRE À SUCCÈS | VILLES SÛRES ET INCLUSIVES. La cohésion sociale peut jouer un rôle important dans l'établissement et le maintien de l'ordre dans les ...

New percepts via mental imagery?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fred Walter Mast

2012-10-01

Full Text Available We are able to extract detailed information from mental images that we were not explicitly aware of during encoding. For example, we can discover a new figure when we rotate a previously seen image in our mind. However, such discoveries are not really new but just new interpretations. In two recent publications, we have shown that mental imagery can lead to perceptual learning (Tartaglia et al., 2009, 2012. Observers imagined the central line of a bisection stimulus for thousands of trials. This training enabled observers to perceive bisection offsets that were invisible before training. Hence, it seems that perceptual learning via mental imagery leads to new percepts. We will argue, however, that these new percepts can occur only within known models. In this sense, perceptual learning via mental imagery exceeds new discoveries in mental images. Still, the effects of mental imagery on perceptual learning are limited. Only perception can lead to really new perceptual experience.

Behaviour of high O/U fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davies, J.H.; Hoshi, E.V.; Zimmerman, D.L.

2000-01-01

Full text: The effect of increased fuel oxygen potential on fuel behaviour has been studied by fabricating and irradiating urania fuel with an average O/U ratio of 2.05. The fuel was fabricated by re-sintering standard urania pellets in a controlled oxygen potential environment and irradiated in a segmented rod bundle in a U.S. BWR. Preirradiation ceramographic characterization of the pellets revealed the well-known Widmanstaetten precipitation of U-409 platelets in the UO 2 matrix. The high O/U fuel pellets were clad in Zircaloy-2 and irradiated to over 20 GWd/MT. Ramp tests were performed in a test reactor and detailed postirradiation examinations of both ramped and nonramped rods have been performed. The cladding inner surface condition, fission gas release and swelling behavior of high O/U fuel have been characterized and compared with standard UO 2 pellets. Although fuel microstructural features in ramp-tested high O/U fuel showed evidence of higher fuel temperatures and/or enhanced transport processes, fission gas release to the fuel rod free space was less than for similarly tested standard UO 2 fuel. However, fuel swelling and cladding strains were significantly greater. In spite of high cladding strains, PCI crack propagation was inhibited in the high O/U fuel I rods. Evidence is presented that the crystallographically oriented etch features often noted in peripheral regions of high burnup fuels are not an indication of higher oxides of uranium. (author)

Deficiência mental e malformações em criança com translocações cromossomicas 5/13 Mental retardation and malformation in a child with 5/13 chromosome translocation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valeriana Moura Ribeiro

1976-06-01

Full Text Available Os autores registram um caso raro de retardo mental e malformações físicas em paciente com anormalidades cromossômicas. A análise cromossômica do paciente revelou cariótipo aparentemente equilibrado. Entretanto, são consideradas as possibilidades de que nos eventos de quebra e rejunção dos cromossomos, tenha ocorrido perda de alguns genes para 5p e/ou 13q; mutação gênica ou, ainda, efeito de posições dos segmentos cromossômicos rearranjados.An unusual case of mental retardation and physical malformations with chromosome abnormalities in a 9 year old boy is reported. Chromosomal analy- sis showed either breakage and delation from some gens to 5p and/or 13q; genic mutation or, perhaps, efect of position in re-adjusted chromosomic segments.

Père ou pair? Décalages et ajustements co-énonciatifs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christiane Préneron

2010-12-01

Full Text Available

L’objet de notre analyse dialogique et co-énonciative concerne la forme prise par la relation entre un père et son fi ls au cours d’échanges verbaux. Dans cette dimension relationnelle, nous avons cherché plus particulièrement à éclairer le statut d’énonciateur que chacun octroie à lui-même et à l’autre. Les images qu’un père et un fi ls ont l’un de l’autre et les places qu’ils occupent dans le dialogue sont en partie déterminées par leur statut de père et d’enfant. Ces places ne confi gurent pas un mode relationnel homogène. Au contraire, cet extrait de corpus est frappant par la grande diversité d’attitudes adoptées par le père avec son enfant: tour à tour il lui donne des ordres, des permissions, le réconforte, joue avec lui, lui propose des défi s ou rivalise avec lui. Daniel peut entrer dans le jeu proposé par son père ou s’y opposer, se laisser guider ou refuser, mais aussi être à l’initiative par des demandes ou des jeux. C’est cette diversité que nous tentons de mettre au jour, sachant que certaines séquences se caractérisent plus particulièrement par des décalages entre les interlocuteurs, alors que d’autres conduisent à des ajustements. Si la diversité qui caractérise cet extrait ne saurait être étendue comme caractérisant toute interaction père/enfant, l’analyse qui en est faite peut servir de repère pour l’étude de nouvelles interactions parent/enfant.

Problemas de saúde mental e tabagismo em adolescentes do sul do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana M B Menezes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre problemas de saúde mental e uso de tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 4.325 adolescentes de 15 anos da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Tabagismo foi definido como fumar um ou mais cigarros nos últimos 30 dias. Saúde mental foi avaliada de acordo com o escore total do questionário Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire e escore maior ou igual a 20 pontos foi considerado como positivo. Os dados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para variância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi 6,0% e cerca de 30% dos adolescentes apresentaram algum tipo de problema de saúde mental. Na análise bruta, a razão de prevalências para tabagismo foi de 3,3 (IC95% 2,5; 4,2. Após ajuste (para sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe, grupo de amigos fumantes, trabalho no último ano, repetência escolar, atividade física de lazer e uso experimental de bebida alcoólica, diminuiu para 1,7 (IC95% 1,2; 2,3 entre aqueles com problemas de saúde mental. CONCLUSÕES: Problemas de saúde mental na adolescência podem ter relação com o consumo de tabaco.

Influences of multiple memory systems on auditory mental image acuity.

Science.gov (United States)

Navarro Cebrian, Ana; Janata, Petr

2010-05-01

The influence of different memory systems and associated attentional processes on the acuity of auditory images, formed for the purpose of making intonation judgments, was examined across three experiments using three different task types (cued-attention, imagery, and two-tone discrimination). In experiment 1 the influence of implicit long-term memory for musical scale structure was manipulated by varying the scale degree (leading tone versus tonic) of the probe note about which a judgment had to be made. In experiments 2 and 3 the ability of short-term absolute pitch knowledge to develop was manipulated by presenting blocks of trials in the same key or in seven different keys. The acuity of auditory images depended on all of these manipulations. Within individual listeners, thresholds in the two-tone discrimination and cued-attention conditions were closely related. In many listeners, cued-attention thresholds were similar to thresholds in the imagery condition, and depended on the amount of training individual listeners had in playing a musical instrument. The results indicate that mental images formed at a sensory/cognitive interface for the purpose of making perceptual decisions are highly malleable.

État de santé, limitations d’activité, restrictions professionnelles et degré d’invalidité chez les Canadiens atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur ou d'anxiété

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Loukine

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction : Cette étude fournit, au moyen d’un échantillon de ménages fondé sur la population, le premier aperçu, chez des Canadiens adultes atteints de troubles de l’humeur ou d'anxiété, de leur état de santé globale et de santé mentale perçu, de leurs limitations fonctionnelles, de leurs restrictions professionnelles et de leur degré d’invalidité, ainsi que des facteurs associés à une invalidité grave. Méthodologie : Nous avons utilisé les données de l’Enquête sur les personnes ayant une maladie chronique au Canada – Composante des troubles de l’humeur et d'anxiété. L’échantillon est composé de Canadiens âgés de 18 ans et plus, atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur ou d’anxiété autodéclaré et habitant l'une des 10 provinces (n = 3 361; taux de réponse 68,9 %. Nous avons mené des analyses de régression logistiques multidimensionnelles multinomiales et descriptives. Résultats : Parmi les Canadiens adultes atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur ou d’anxiété, plus d’un quart ont rapporté un état de santé globale (25,3 % et de santé mentale (26,1 % « passable ou médiocre », plus du tiers (36,4 % ont mentionné avoir une ou plusieurs limitations fonctionnelles, la moitié (50,3 % ont déclaré qu’une modification de leur emploi a été nécessaire pour continuer à travailler et plus du tiers (36,5 % souffrait d'une invalidité grave. Les personnes avec troubles de l’humeur et d'anxiété concomitants ont mentionné de moins bons résultats : 56,4 % avaient une ou plusieurs limitations fonctionnelles, 65,8 % ont mentionné qu’une modification de leur emploi a été nécessaire et 49,6 % souffraient d'une invalidité grave. Après ajustement pour les caractéristiques individuelles, les personnes atteintes d’un trouble de l’humeur ou d’anxiété qui étaient plus âgées, dont le revenu familial était situé dans le quintile du plus faible revenu ou du revenu faible �

Atheist horns and religious halos: Mental representations of atheists and theists.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown-Iannuzzi, Jazmin L; McKee, Stephanie; Gervais, Will M

2018-02-01

Theists often receive the benefit of being stereotyped as trustworthy and moral, whereas atheists are viewed as untrustworthy and immoral. The extreme divergence between the stereotypes of theists and atheists suggests that mental images of the two groups may also diverge. We investigated whether people have biased mental images of theists and atheists. The results suggest that mental images of theists are associated with more positive attributes than images of atheists (Study 1), and these mental images influence who is believed to behave morally and immorally (Study 2). Together the findings suggest that mental images may represent a subtle mechanism reinforcing group-based prejudices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Efeitos do posicionamento e quantidade de prática mental na aprendizagem do arremesso do dardo de salão Effects of position and amount of mental practice in dart saloon throwing learning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A prática mental parece contribuir no processo de aprendizagem motora, mas ainda não estão claros os efeitos do posicionamento e da quantidade de prática mental em relação à prática física, sendo este o objetivo do presente estudo. Setenta e dois universitários de ambos os sexos e novatos na tarefa foram distribuídos em seis grupos de prática combinada (física e mental para a aprendizagem do arremesso do dardo de salão. Na fase de aquisição, os sujeitos realizaram 50 tentativas de prática física e 18, 90 ou 180 tentativas de prática mental (conforme cada grupo antes ou após a prática física. Dez minutos após a fase de aquisição foram realizados os testes de retenção e transferência. Não foi observada diferença significante entre os grupos nos testes. Os resultados indicaram que a quantidade e o posicionamento da prática mental não influenciaram a aprendizagem do arremesso do dardo de salão.Mental practice seems to contribute to the motor learning process but it is still not clear the effects of position and amount of mental practice in relation to physical practice, which was the aim of this study. Seventy two undergraduate students of both sexes and novice in the task were assigned in six groups of combined practice (physical and mental for learning the dart saloon throwing. In acquisition phase, subjects performed 50 trials of physical practice and 18, 90 or 180 trials of mental practice (according to each experimental group before or after physical practice. Ten minutes after acquisition phase it was performed retention and transfer tests. The results showed that amount and the position of mental practice did not influence dart saloon throwing learning.

A study to detect factors influencing the formation of loyal customers’ mental image

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erfan Sobhaninia

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Understanding customers’ behavior normally helps planning better marketing strategies, which could lead to an increase in market share and profitability. Loyal customers are always considered as the most important assets for any firm. This paper presents a survey to detect factors influencing the formation of loyal customers’ mental image. The proposed study uses factor analysis to determine these factors by designing a questionnaire and distributing among some loyal customers who do banking business in Bank Melli Iran located in city of Tehran, Iran. The results indicate that there were eight important factors influencing customer loyalty including social status, business identity, brand strength, the contract role, organizational benefit, consumer rights, organizational image and supporting power.

Do the SRS-22 self-image and mental health domain scores reflect the degree of asymmetry of the back in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Science.gov (United States)

Cheshire, James; Gardner, Adrian; Berryman, Fiona; Pynsent, Paul

2017-01-01

Patient-reported outcomes are becoming increasingly recognised in the management of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Integrated Shape Imaging System 2 (ISIS2) surface topography is a validated tool to assess AIS. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate strong correlations between AIS and patient-reported outcomes highlighting the need for additional objective surface parameters to define the deformities associated with AIS. The aim of this study was to examine whether the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) outcome questionnaire reflects the degree of measurable external asymmetry of the back in AIS and thus is a measure of patient outcome for external appearance. A total of 102 pre-operative AIS patients were identified retrospectively. Objective parameters were measured using ISIS2 surface topography. The associations between these parameters and the self-image and mental health domains of the SRS-22 questionnaire were investigated using correlation coefficients. All correlations between the parameters of asymmetry and SRS-22 self-image score were of weak strength. Similarly, all correlations between the parameters of asymmetry and SRS-22 mental health score were of weak strength. The SRS-22 mental health and self-image domains correlate poorly with external measures of deformity. This demonstrates that the assessment of mental health and self-image by the SRS-22 has little to do with external torso shape. Whilst the SRS-22 assesses the patient as a whole, it provides little information about objective measures of deformity over which a surgeon has control.

The planetary nebula IPHASXJ211420.0+434136 (Ou5): insights into common-envelope dynamical and chemical evolution

OpenAIRE

Corradi, R. L. M.; Rodriguez-Gil, P.; Jones, D.; Garcia-Rojas, J.; Mampaso, A.; Garcia-Alvarez, D.; Pursimo, T.; Eenmäe, T.; Liimets, T.; Miszalski, B.

2014-01-01

While analysing the images of the IPHAS H$\\alpha$ survey, we noticed that the central star of the candidate planetary nebula IPHASXJ211420.0+434136 (also named Ou5) was clearly variable. This is generally considered as an indication of binarity. To confirm it, we performed a photometric monitoring of the central star, and obtained images and spectra of the nebula. The nebular spectrum confirms that IPHASXJ211420.0+434136 is a planetary nebula of moderately high excitation. It has a remarkable...

Mental Imagery Scale: a new measurement tool to assess structural features of mental representations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Ercole, Martina; Giannini, Anna Maria; Castelli, Paolo; Sbrilli, Antonella

2010-01-01

Mental imagery is a quasi-perceptual experience which resembles perceptual experience, but occurring without (appropriate) external stimuli. It is a form of mental representation and is often considered centrally involved in visuo-spatial reasoning and inventive and creative thought. Although imagery ability is assumed to be functionally independent of verbal systems, it is still considered to interact with verbal representations, enabling objects to be named and names to evoke images. In literature, most measurement tools for evaluating imagery capacity are self-report instruments focusing on differences in individuals. In the present work, we applied a Mental Imagery Scale (MIS) to mental images derived from verbal descriptions in order to assess the structural features of such mental representations. This is a key theme for those disciplines which need to turn objects and representations into words and vice versa, such as art or architectural didactics. To this aim, an MIS questionnaire was administered to 262 participants. The questionnaire, originally consisting of a 33-item 5-step Likert scale, was reduced to 28 items covering six areas: (1) Image Formation Speed, (2) Permanence/Stability, (3) Dimensions, (4) Level of Detail/Grain, (5) Distance and (6) Depth of Field or Perspective. Factor analysis confirmed our six-factor hypothesis underlying the 28 items

Síndrome SAPHO: entidade rara ou subdiagnosticada? SAPHO syndrome: rare or under-diagnosed?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jozephina Gonçalves Guerra

2005-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados clínicos, radiológicos e patológicos da síndrome SAPHO e sugerir que, apesar de ser considerada rara, esta síndrome deve estar sendo subdiagnosticada por clínicos e radiologistas, provavelmente em função do desconhecimento das suas características. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de seis casos confirmados desta síndrome, dando-se ênfase aos achados clínicos (idade, sexo e sintomas e de imagem (cintilografia óssea, radiografia convencional, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética. RESULTADOS: A manifestação clínica inicial de todos os pacientes foi dor na parede torácica ântero-superior há pelo menos quatro meses. Todos apresentavam achados de imagem de processo inflamatório e/ou osteíte e hiperostose nas articulações da parede torácica ântero-superior. As alterações cutâneas da síndrome, tipo pustulose palmoplantar, estiveram presentes em cinco dos seis pacientes. Em nenhum dos seis casos o diagnóstico foi sugerido na consulta clínica inicial ou na primeira interpretação das imagens feita por radiologistas não especialistas em sistema músculo-esquelético. CONCLUSÃO: Os nossos achados estão de acordo com os descritos na literatura, devendo ser considerado este diagnóstico em todo paciente que apresente quadro doloroso de parede torácica acompanhado de manifestações dermatológicas e/ou osteíte.OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, imaging and pathological findings of SAPHO syndrome and to point out that although considered rare this syndrome may be under-diagnosed by clinicians and radiologists, probably due to unfamiliarity with its features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of six cases diagnosed in the last six years, with emphasis on clinical findings (age, sex and symptoms and imaging findings (bone scintigraphy, conventional x-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging was conducted. RESULTS: The initial

Child Mental Health: MedlinePlus Health Topic

Science.gov (United States)

... events and children (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish Topic Image MedlinePlus Email Updates Get Child Mental Health ... in childhood Traumatic events and children Related Health Topics Bullying Child Behavior Disorders Mental Disorders Mental Health ...

TEOLOGIA E ANTROPOLOGIA: ALIANÇA OU CONFLITO?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ulpiano Várquez Moro

1991-01-01

Full Text Available A temática da relação entre Teologia e Antropologia (formulada em termos de relação entre dois sabores discursivos e autônomos ou duas ciências é, na teologia católica, um assunto relativamente recente. Como veremos a seguir, essa temática surgiu, ou ao menos explodiu, no início da década de sessenta... O que, a dizer verdade, é muito pouco tempo para consolidar um discurso como o discurso teológico cuja elaboração e amadurecimento são ritmados num compasso de séculos. É por isso que a sinceridade me obrigará a confessar desde o início desta aula dois receios ou duas cautelas em relação ao tema que aqui exporei, Observações preliminares, mas que, pela sua importância, fazem já parte do assunto na medida em que por ele estão determinadas.

Menopausa ou Menopausas?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belkis Trench

Full Text Available Na vida das mulheres existem marcos concretos e objetivos que sinalizam diferentes fases ou passagens de suas vidas, tais como a menarca, o rompimento do hímen, a última menstruação. São marcos visíveis no corpo físico e cada cultura os investe de sua rubrica. Na nossa cultura, historicamente, associam-se à menopausa inúmeras afecções (físicas e psíquicas. A partir do trabalho de Robert Wilson, publicado no livro Eternamente Feminina (1966, a menopausa adquire o estatuto de doença e a sua prevenção, tratamento e cura vinculam-se à terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH. Os diferentes discursos que circulam sobre a menopausa em nossa cultura não só contribuem para que tal associação seja mantida, como partem do pressuposto que as questões relacionadas à menopausa e envelhecimentos se apresentam igualitariamente às mulheres, independentemente de sua condição física, psíquica, social, econômica e cultural. O estudo tem como objetivo abordar alguns aspectos da construção da menopausa em nossa cultura e simultaneamente mostrar o quanto este evento deve ser percebido em seu caráter particular e relativo, e não como sendo da ordem do universal ou padronizado.

Facteurs associés au diagnostic tardif d'un trouble de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricky Cheung

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction : Cette étude examine les relations entre le délai écoulé avant l'établissement d'un diagnostic et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques, ainsi que les relations entre ce délai de diagnostic et l'état de santé physique et mental des adultes canadiens ayant déclaré avoir reçu un diagnostic de trouble de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété. Méthodologie : L'Enquête sur les personnes ayant une maladie chronique au Canada - Composante sur les troubles de l'humeur et d'anxiété de 2014 a été utilisée pour cette étude. L'échantillon de l'étude (n = 3 212 a été divisé en trois sous-groupes en fonction du délai de diagnostic : long (plus de 5 ans, modéré (1 à 5 ans et court (moins d'un an. Nous avons réalisé des analyses de régression logistique multivariées descriptives et multinomiales. Nous avons pondéré toutes les estimations afin que les données soient représentatives de la population canadienne adulte vivant en logement privé dans l'une des 10 provinces et ayant déclaré avoir reçu un diagnostic de troubles de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété. Résultats : La plupart (61,6 % des adultes canadiens ayant déclaré avoir reçu un diagnostic de trouble de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété ont dit avoir reçu leur diagnostic plus d'un an après l'apparition des symptômes (délai modéré : 30,0 %; délai long : 31,6 %. Après ajustement des caractéristiques individuelles, nous avons constaté qu'un délai modéré était significativement associé à la présence d'un faible nombre de comorbidités physiques ou d'aucune, qu'un délai long était significativement associé à un âge plus avancé, et qu'un délai long ou modéré étaient significativement associés à l'apparition de symptômes à un jeune âge. Finalement, un délai long était significativement associé à une santé mentale perçue comme « mauvaise » ou « passable » et à un nombre plus élevé de limitations d

Caractéristiques hydro chimiques des eaux de l'oued Seybouse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Elle est à dominance domestique dans la majorité des points analysés, d'origine agroalimentaire au niveau de l'Oued Seybouse (Bentabouche) traduisant ainsi une meilleure biodégradabilité et enfin d'origine industrielle au niveau de l'Oued Maiz. Les eaux de l'Oued Seybouse et ses affluents présentent une qualité ...

Efeitos da prática mental na aquisição de habilidades motoras em sujeitos novatos Efectos de la práctica mental en la adquisición de habilidades motoras en novatos Effects of mental practice in motor skills acquisition in novice subjects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Estudos de prática mental com sujeitos novatos apontam sua superioridade à ausência de prática. Entretanto, pré-teste ou familiarização usando prática física podem influenciar o efeito da prática mental. Este estudo investigou os efeitos da prática mental em novatos na tarefa praticada, assim como o posicionamento da prática física em relação à prática mental. Vinte e cinco universitários voluntários praticaram uma tarefa seriada de posicionamento e foram distribuídos em cinco grupos conforme o tipo de prática: física (GPF, mental (GPM, física-mental (GPFM, mental-física (GPMF, e grupo controle (GC que participou apenas dos testes. Uma Anova não paramétrica aplicada nos testes mostrou superioridade dos grupos com prática física (GPF, GPFM e GPMF sobre os grupos controle e prática mental. Ao considerar a pequena amostra utilizada, os resultados sugerem que a prática mental em sujeitos novatos depende da prática física para ser efetiva independente de seu posicionamento (antes ou após.Estudios de práctica mental con sujetos sin experiencia indican su superioridad en comparación a la ausencia de esa la práctica. Entre tanto, pre-test y familiarización usando práctica física pueden influenciar el efecto de la práctica mental. Este estudio investigó los efectos de la práctica mental en novatos en la tarea practicada, bien como el posicionamiento de la práctica física en relación a la práctica mental. Veinticinco universitarios voluntarios practicaron una tarea seriada de posicionamiento y fueron distribuidos en cinco grupos conforme el tipo de práctica: física (GPF, mental (GPM, física-mental (GPFM, grupo mental física (GPMF y grupo de control (GC que participó solamente de los testes. Una Anova no paramétrica aplicada en los testes mostró la superioridad de los grupos conforme el tipo de práctica física (GPF, GPFM y GPMF sobre los grupos de control y de práctica mental. Al considerar que la

Narratiwiteit en die Ou Testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

INLEIDING. Die literêre benadering tot die Ou-Testamentiese narratiewe word algemeen as 'n alternatiewe paradigma in die Bybelwetenskappe aanvaar. Oor die filosofiese uit- gangspunte wat hierdie nuwe paradigma ten grondslag lê, bestaan daar egter nog weinig eenstemmigheid. Heelwat probleme van filosofiese en ...

Mental foramen and lingual vascular canals of mandible on MDCT images: anatomical study and review of the literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Direk, Filiz; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Kivrak, Ali Sami; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan

2018-03-01

The mental foramen and lingual vascular canals are related to vessels and nerves in the mandibular body. The aim of the present study was to determine the number and location of these structures and to make measurements of them. The archived Multidetector Computed Tomography images of 100 adult (15- to 70-year-old) patients were evaluated retrospectively. The diameters of the mental foramens and their distances from the front, back, upper and lower reference points were measured. The distribution of mental foramens with respect to the teeth was also researched. The presence of lingual vascular canals, and the number of median and lateral canals was determined, and the length of the median lingual vascular canals measured. All measurement parameters were analyzed by gender, side and age group. Eleven patients demonstrated a total of 15 accessory mental foramen. Median lingual vascular canals were observed in 100% of cases, with lateral lingual vascular canals determined in 32%. Significant differences were observed in the results of different gender groups (P mental foramen was determined mostly in males, and unilaterally on the right side; also, the distances of mental foramen, except the distance from the back border of the mandible (P mental foramen, as well as the presence, position and size of lingual vascular canals can be clearly investigated by multidetector computed tomography. A preoperative knowledge of the positions of neurovascular and bone structures is very important for preventing complications that may occur during or after operations.

The Power of Iconic Memory: Iconoclasm as a Mental Marker

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Koenraad Jonckheere

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Iconoclasm has a particular effect in that it creates an image that is even more powerful than the image it has destroyed. While many physical images might have disappeared due to the iconoclasm, the mental image of all who witnessed this dramatic moment in history was indelible. This article argues that artists made conscious use of the emotional and cognitive power of such mental images to give their work meaning. De kracht van iconisch geheugen. Iconoclasme als een mentale markeringIconoclasme heeft het bijzondere effect dat het een beeld creëert dat nog sterker is dan het beeld dat het vernielt. De vele fysieke beelden mogen dan al verdwenen zijn door de Beeldenstorm, het mentale beeld werd een onuitwisbare herinnering aan een ingrijpend moment in de geschiedenis voor iedereen die er getuige van was. In dit artikel wordt beargumenteerd dat kunstenaars bewust gebruik maakten van de emotionele en cognitieve kracht van dit mentale beeld om hun werk betekenis te geven.

Normatividade, tecnicidade e/ou cientificidade da Biblioteconomia

OpenAIRE

Carvalho Silva, Jonathas Luiz

2013-01-01

Este trabalho apresenta como problema uma questão que pode ser discutida a partir da seguinte pergunta: como ocorre o processo de construção da normatividade, da tecnicidade e/ou da cientificidade da Biblioteconomia? Discute também a construção de uma normatividade, tecnicidade e/ou cientificidade da Biblioteconomia, contemplando perspectivas em relação à organização e ao tratamento da informação, fontes, recursos e serviços de informação, práticas profissionais e estudos centrados nos usuári...

op weg na 'n komprehensiewe geskiedenis van Ou-Israel

African Journals Online (AJOL)

wee religieuse redes. Hierdie groep mense (gewoonlik gelowige Chris- tene en Jdde) glo dat die volk Israel deur God uitverkies is en dat God dus in 'n besondere sin in Ou-Israel se geskiedenis gewerk het en hom daarin geopenbaar het. Deur Ou-Israel se geskiedenis te bestudeer kom mens meer van God se openbaring ...

Effects of cognitive training based on metamemory and mental images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thaís Bento Lima-Silva

Full Text Available Abstract There is scant research evidence regarding training effects among elderly with limited educational experience. Research indicating an association between metamemory and memory performance is based on samples of older adults with at least 12 years of education. Objectives: To test the efficacy of a cognitive training program based on the creation of mental images and changes in specific aspects of metamemory in individuals with 3 to 15 years of education (M=8.38, SD=4.24. Methods: 37 older adults participated in five training sessions (Training Group (TG and 32 control subjects completed only pre and post test assessments (Control Group (CG including the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB (naming and memorization of 10 pictures, animal category verbal fluency test, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT, the Story subtest from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT, the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q, and the Picture and Story domains from the Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (MSEQ. Results: The TG showed significant improvement between pre and post tests on the delayed recall of the 10 pictures and in self-efficacy for the memorization of stories. These same changes were not found in the CG . Conclusions: Five-session cognitive training may lead to significant improvements in episodic memory and memory self-efficacy, an aspect of metamemory, in individuals with an average of 8 years of education.

Media portrayal of mental illness and its treatments: what effect does it have on people with mental illness?

Science.gov (United States)

Stuart, Heather

2006-01-01

This article reviews dominant media portrayals of mental illness, the mentally ill and mental health interventions, and examines what social, emotional and treatment-related effects these may have. Studies consistently show that both entertainment and news media provide overwhelmingly dramatic and distorted images of mental illness that emphasise dangerousness, criminality and unpredictability. They also model negative reactions to the mentally ill, including fear, rejection, derision and ridicule. The consequences of negative media images for people who have a mental illness are profound. They impair self-esteem, help-seeking behaviours, medication adherence and overall recovery. Mental health advocates blame the media for promoting stigma and discrimination toward people with a mental illness. However, the media may also be an important ally in challenging public prejudices, initiating public debate, and projecting positive, human interest stories about people who live with mental illness. Media lobbying and press liaison should take on a central role for mental health professionals, not only as a way of speaking out for patients who may not be able to speak out for themselves, but as a means of improving public education and awareness. Also, given the consistency of research findings in this field, it may now be time to shift attention away from further cataloguing of media representations of mental illness to the more challenging prospect of how to use the media to improve the life chances and recovery possibilities for the one in four people living with mental disorders.

Hemispheric dominance during the mental rotation task in patients with schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jiu; Yang, Laiqi; Zhao, Jin; Li, Lanlan; Liu, Guangxiong; Ma, Wentao; Zhang, Yan; Wu, Xingqu; Deng, Zihe; Tuo, Ran

2012-04-01

Mental rotation is a spatial representation conversion capability using an imagined object and either object or self-rotation. This capability is impaired in schizophrenia. To provide a more detailed assessment of impaired cognitive functioning in schizophrenia by comparing the electrophysiological profiles of patients with schizophrenia and controls while completing a mental rotation task using both normally-oriented images and mirror images. This electroencephalographic study compared error rates, reaction times and the topographic map of event-related potentials in 32 participants with schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls during mental rotation tasks involving both normal images and mirror images. Among controls the mean error rate and the mean reaction time for normal images and mirror images were not significantly different but in the patient group the mean (sd) error rate was higher for mirror images than for normal images (42% [6%] vs. 32% [9%], t=2.64, p=0.031) and the mean reaction time was longer for mirror images than for normal images (587 [11] ms vs. 571 [18] ms, t=2.83, p=0.028). The amplitude of the P500 component at Pz (parietal area), Cz (central area), P3 (left parietal area) and P4 (right parietal area) were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group for both normal images and mirror images. In both groups the P500 for both the normal and mirror images was significantly higher in the right parietal area (P4) compared with left parietal area (P3). The mental rotation abilities of patients with schizophrenia for both normally-oriented images and mirror images are impaired. Patients with schizophrenia show a diminished left cerebral contribution to the mental rotation task, a more rapid response time, and a differential response to normal images versus mirror images not seen in healthy controls. Specific topographic characteristics of the EEG during mental rotation tasks are potential biomarkers for schizophrenia.

Dynamic analysis of mental sweating of eccrine sweat gland of human fingertip by time-sequential piled-up en face optical coherence tomography images.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohmi, Masato; Wada, Yuki

2016-08-01

In this paper, we demonstrate dynamic analysis of mental sweating for sound stimulus of a few tens of eccrine sweat glands by the time-sequential piled-up en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the frame spacing of 3.3 sec. In the experiment, the amount of excess sweat can be evaluated simultaneously for a few tens of sweat glands by piling up of all the en face OCT images. Non-uniformity was observed in mental sweating where the amount of sweat in response to sound stimulus is different for each sweat gland. Furthermore, the amount of sweat is significantly increased in proportion to the strength of the stimulus.

Particularities of family planning in women with mental disorders Particularidades de la planificación familiar de mujeres portadoras de trastorno mental Particularidades do planejamento familiar de mulheres portadoras de transtorno mental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiane Gomes Guedes

2009-10-01

particularidades en el planificación familiar de ese público. No hubo asociación estadística entre los diagnósticos médicos y el uso correcto o incorrecto de los métodos anticonceptivos. Las mujeres portadoras de trastorno mental presentan una demanda para la atención de la planificación familiar específica e integral.Objetivou-se identificar o perfil gineco-obstétrico de mulheres portadoras de transtorno mental, verificar a associação entre diagnóstico médico de transtorno mental e uso correto/incorreto dos métodos anticoncepcionais e verificar diagnósticos, frequência de internações e variedades de medicamentos consumidos. Participaram 255 mulheres atendidas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Os dados foram coletados por meio de revisão de prontuário e entrevista estruturada. A hereditariedade de alguns transtornos mentais, internação psiquiátrica como causa de interrupção da anticoncepção, uso de anticoncepcionais que independem do controle pessoal, interação medicamentosa entre psicotrópicos e anticoncepcionais orais, participação do parceiro e/ou de familiares na escolha reprodutiva e prática anticonceptiva constituíram particularidades no planejamento familiar desse público-alvo. Não houve associação estatística entre os diagnósticos médicos e uso correto ou incorreto dos métodos anticoncepcionais. Mulheres portadoras de transtorno mental possuem demanda para atendimento de planejamento familiar específico e integral.

Decoding websites: How to create a distinctive mental image for hotel services?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria de Lourdes Barbosa

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Information available in websites encompasses symbols and hints that help consumers to construct images of the enterprises by interpreting the attributes and benefits of the services and products being offered. A direct communication between company and consumer is thus established. To understand how this communication system works, this article makes use of semiotics as an approach to dealing with the data, and to make hypotheses on how effective the messages are. The propositions made relate to the strategies the enterprises may follow to overcome the intangibility problem – a common feature of services – and establish a brand identity for them. The qualitative research that supports this article focused on the website of the Accord Hotels Network in Brazil, an organization that works with several types of hotels. It was found that the problem of how to create in the consumer a mental image distinctive of a service with so many tangible and intangible features is a complex one which can only be solved with the recourse to diversified and well defined strategies.

The multivariate supOU stochastic volatility model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barndorff-Nielsen, Ole; Stelzer, Robert

Using positive semidefinite supOU (superposition of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type) processes to describe the volatility, we introduce a multivariate stochastic volatility model for financial data which is capable of modelling long range dependence effects. The finiteness of moments and the second order...... structure of the volatility, the log returns, as well as their "squares" are discussed in detail. Moreover, we give several examples in which long memory effects occur and study how the model as well as the simple Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type stochastic volatility model behave under linear transformations....... In particular, the models are shown to be preserved under invertible linear transformations. Finally, we discuss how (sup)OU stochastic volatility models can be combined with a factor modelling approach....

Neuropsychiatric dynamics: the study of mental illness using functional magnetic resonance imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Callicott, Joseph H.; Weinberger, Daniel R.

1999-01-01

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is poised to make significant contributions to the study of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Whatever neural pathology attends such illnesses has proven subtle at best. By identifying predictable, regionally specific deficits in brain function, fMRI can suggest brain regions for detailed cellular analyses, provide valuable in vivo data regarding effective connectivity, provide a means to model the effects of various drug challenge paradigms, and characterize intermediate phenotypes in the search for the genes underlying mental illness. Nonetheless, as promising as fMRI appears to be in terms of its relative safety, repeatability, ability to generate individual brain maps and widespread availability, it is still subject to a number of unresolved conceptual conundrums inherited from earlier neuroimaging work. For example, functional neuroimaging has not generated any pathognomic findings in mental illness, has not established a clear link between neurophysiology and observable behavior, and has not resolved the potential confounds of medication. In this article, we will review the relevant historical background preceding fMRI, address methodological considerations in fMRI, and summarize recent fMRI findings in psychiatry. Finally, fMRI is being used to simplify the complex genetics of neuropsychiatric illness by generating quantitative and qualitative brain phenotypes

Neuropsychiatric dynamics: the study of mental illness using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Callicott, Joseph H. E-mail: callicoj@intra.nimh.nih.gov; Weinberger, Daniel R

1999-05-01

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is poised to make significant contributions to the study of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Whatever neural pathology attends such illnesses has proven subtle at best. By identifying predictable, regionally specific deficits in brain function, fMRI can suggest brain regions for detailed cellular analyses, provide valuable in vivo data regarding effective connectivity, provide a means to model the effects of various drug challenge paradigms, and characterize intermediate phenotypes in the search for the genes underlying mental illness. Nonetheless, as promising as fMRI appears to be in terms of its relative safety, repeatability, ability to generate individual brain maps and widespread availability, it is still subject to a number of unresolved conceptual conundrums inherited from earlier neuroimaging work. For example, functional neuroimaging has not generated any pathognomic findings in mental illness, has not established a clear link between neurophysiology and observable behavior, and has not resolved the potential confounds of medication. In this article, we will review the relevant historical background preceding fMRI, address methodological considerations in fMRI, and summarize recent fMRI findings in psychiatry. Finally, fMRI is being used to simplify the complex genetics of neuropsychiatric illness by generating quantitative and qualitative brain phenotypes.

CRISTOLOGIA: DE CIMA OU DE BAIXO?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prof. Dr. J. Galot

1973-01-01

Full Text Available "Cristologia de cima", "cristologia de baixo": as duas visões cristológicas revelam um problema essencial de método. Deve-se, na elaboração da cristologia, proceder a partir de Deus ou a partir do homem?

In the Margins: The Impact of Sexualised Images on the Mental Health of Ageing Women.

Science.gov (United States)

Hine, Rochelle

2011-10-01

This paper describes key findings of a study exploring how a cohort of 16 rural Australian women aged over 60 years think, feel and respond to the prevalence of sexualised imagery in the media. The qualitative research framework was informed by Feminist Standpoint Theory. Participants in three focus groups responded to semi-structured questions and prompts, interspersed with viewing examples of sexualised images. Five strong thematic categories emerged: concern for the harmful impacts of sexualised images on the vulnerable, the media's portrayal of sexual content with a focus on physical appearance and youth, descriptions of the impact of viewing sexualised images, moderators of the impact of sexualised images on well-being, and marginalisation of women in the media. Findings from this research indicate that sexualised images in the media do have an impact on older women's self image and mental health in numerous ways and in a range of situations. Emotional impacts included sadness, anger, concern, envy, desensitisation, marginalisation, and discomfort that their appearance was being judged by others. A strong sense of self apart from appearance, feeling valued by family and community, ignoring or overlooking media content, and being aware that media images are not real and attainable helped buffer the link between sexualised images and well-being. Another important finding is that the impact is variable: women may experience different responses to similar sexualised content depending on a range of social, health and lifestyle factors affecting them at any given time.

Self-image and self-esteem in African-American preteen girls: implications for mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Doswell, W M; Millor, G K; Thompson, H; Braxter, B

1998-01-01

Current research suggests that pubertal development is occurring earlier in African-American preteen girls in response to familial contextual factors, which may make them vulnerable to low self-image and self-esteem dissatisfaction. This lowering in self-image and self-esteem may contribute to the early initiation of sexual behaviors, putting these girls at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. These potential risks place these girls in need of prepubertal health promotion, yet preadolescents are not frequently a focus of nursing care delivery except when summer camp and back-to-school physicals are performed. This article presents an in-depth overview of selected literature on self-esteem, discusses findings on self-image and self-esteem from a pilot study on pubertal influences on accelerated sexual behavior, and proposes health promotion strategies for pre- and peripubertal girls to promote positive mental health outcomes. More focused attention is needed on health promotion targeting the developmental transition health needs of prepubertal girls. Targeted health promotion activities may foster healthier pre- and peripubertal girls' perceptions of the meaning of their pubertal physical changes and stronger self-image and self-esteem. The goal of these health promotion activities should be to foster continuity of positive self-image and self-esteem among preteen girls, which is essential to prevent initiation of premature-for-age risk of problem behavior, such as early coitus.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Body Weight, Image and Self-Esteem Evaluation Questionnaire in patients with severe mental disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Halabi, Susana; Garcia-Portilla, Maria Paz; Saiz, Pilar Alejandra; Fonseca, Eduardo; Bobes-Bascaran, Maria Teresa; Galván, Gonzalo; Iglesias, Celso; Arrojo, Manuel; Benabarre, Antoni; Goikolea, José Manuel; Sanchez, Emilio; Sarramea, Fernando; Bobes, Julio

2012-11-01

Clinicians need brief and valid instruments to monitor the psychosocial impact of weight gain in persons with psychiatric disorders. We examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Body Weight, Image and Self-Esteem Evaluation (B-WISE) questionnaire in patients with severe mental disorders. The data come from a naturalistic, cross-sectional, validation study conducted at 6 centres in Spain. A total of 211 outpatients with severe mental disorders, 118 with schizophrenia and 93 with bipolar disorder, were evaluated using the B-WISE, the Visual Analogue Scale for Weight and Body Image, and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). The body mass index was also obtained. The principal component analysis confirms 3 components explaining 50.93% of the variance. The Cronbach α values for B-WISE scales ranged between .55 and .73. Significant Pearson correlations were found between B-WISE total score and CGI-S (r = -0.25; P Body Image (r = 0.47; P Body mass index categorization significantly influenced total B-WISE scores (F = 3.586, P < .050). The B-WISE score corresponding to the 5th and 10th percentiles was 22. We were able to demonstrate that the Spanish version of the B-WISE is a valid instrument for assessing psychosocial impact of weight gain in patients with severe mental disorders in daily clinical practice. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Problemas de saúde mental e tabagismo em adolescentes do sul do Brasil Problemas de salud mental y tabaquismo en adolescentes del sur de Brasil Mental health problems and smoking among adolescents from Southern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana M B Menezes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre problemas de saúde mental e uso de tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 4.325 adolescentes de 15 anos da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Tabagismo foi definido como fumar um ou mais cigarros nos últimos 30 dias. Saúde mental foi avaliada de acordo com o escore total do questionário Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire e escore maior ou igual a 20 pontos foi considerado como positivo. Os dados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para variância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi 6,0% e cerca de 30% dos adolescentes apresentaram algum tipo de problema de saúde mental. Na análise bruta, a razão de prevalências para tabagismo foi de 3,3 (IC95% 2,5; 4,2. Após ajuste (para sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe, grupo de amigos fumantes, trabalho no último ano, repetência escolar, atividade física de lazer e uso experimental de bebida alcoólica, diminuiu para 1,7 (IC95% 1,2; 2,3 entre aqueles com problemas de saúde mental. CONCLUSÕES: Problemas de saúde mental na adolescência podem ter relação com o consumo de tabaco.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre problemas de salud mental y uso de cigarro en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 4.325 adolescentes de 15 años de la cohorte de nacimientos de 1993 de la ciudad de Pelotas, Sur de Brasil. Tabaquismo fue definido como fumar uno o más cigarros en los últimos 30 días. Salud mental fue evaluada de acuerdo con el escore total del cuestionario Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire y escore mayor o igual a 20 puntos fue considerado como positivo. Los datos fueron analizados por regresión de Poisson, con ajuste robusto para varianza. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue 6,0% y cerca de 30% de los adolescentes presentaron algún tipo de problema de salud mental. En el análisis bruto, la tasa de prevalencias de problema de

The different origins of magnetic fields and activity in the Hertzsprung gap stars, OU Andromedae and 31 Comae

Science.gov (United States)

Borisova, A.; Aurière, M.; Petit, P.; Konstantinova-Antova, R.; Charbonnel, C.; Drake, N. A.

2016-06-01

Context. When crossing the Hertzsprung gap, intermediate-mass stars develop a convective envelope. Fast rotators on the main sequence, or Ap star descendants, are expected to become magnetic active subgiants during this evolutionary phase. Aims: We compare the surface magnetic fields and activity indicators of two active, fast rotating red giants with similar masses and spectral class but different rotation rates - OU And (Prot = 24.2 d) and 31 Com (Prot = 6.8 d) - to address the question of the origin of their magnetism and high activity. Methods: Observations were carried out with the Narval spectropolarimeter in 2008 and 2013. We used the least-squares deconvolution (LSD) technique to extract Stokes V and I profiles with high signal-to-noise ratio to detect Zeeman signatures of the magnetic field of the stars. We then provide Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI), activity indicators monitoring, and a precise estimation of stellar parameters. We use state-of-the-art stellar evolutionary models, including rotation, to infer the evolutionary status of our giants, as well as their initial rotation velocity on the main sequence, and we interpret our observational results in the light of the theoretical Rossby numbers. Results: The detected magnetic field of OU Andromedae (OU And) is a strong one. Its longitudinal component Bl reaches 40 G and presents an about sinusoidal variation with reversal of the polarity. The magnetic topology of OU And is dominated by large-scale elements and is mainly poloidal with an important dipole component, as well as a significant toroidal component. The detected magnetic field of 31 Comae (31 Com) is weaker, with a magnetic map showing a more complex field geometry, and poloidal and toroidal components of equal contributions. The evolutionary models show that the progenitors of OU And and 31 Com must have been rotating at velocities that correspond to 30 and 53%, respectively, of their critical rotation velocity on the zero age main sequence

Marketing and Community Mental Health Centers.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferniany, Isaac W.; Garove, William E.

1983-01-01

Suggests that a marketing approach can be applied to community mental health centers. Marketing is a management orientation of providing services for, not to, patients in a systematic manner, which can help mental health centers improve services, strengthen community image, achieve financial independence and aid in staff recruitment. (Author)

Autogestion des troubles de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété par l'activité physique et l'exercice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Louise Pelletier

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction : L'activité physique et l'exercice constituent une stratégie d'autogestion importante pour les personnes vivant avec une maladie mentale. Cette étude visait à caractériser à la fois les personnes atteintes d'un trouble de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété qui faisaient de l'exercice ou de l'activité physique pour aider à gérer leur trouble et celles qui n'en faisaient pas, ainsi qu'à identifier les facteurs facilitant l'activité physique et l'exercice et ceux constituant un obstacle. Méthodologie : L'Enquête sur les personnes ayant une maladie chronique au Canada - Composante des troubles de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété de 2014 a été utilisée pour cette étude. Les répondants (n = 2 678 ont été classés en fonction de la fréquence à laquelle ils faisaient de l'exercice : (1 aucun exercice, (2 exercice une à trois fois par semaine et (3 exercice quatre fois ou plus par semaine. Nous avons procédé à des analyses descriptives et de régression logistique multinomiale. Nous avons pondéré toutes les estimations afin que les données soient représentatives de la population canadienne adulte vivant en logement privé dans l'une des 10 provinces et ayant déclaré avoir reçu un diagnostic de troubles de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété. Résultats : Sur l'ensemble des Canadiens affectés, 51,0 % ne faisaient aucun exercice pour aider à gérer leur trouble de l'humeur et/ou d'anxiété, 23,8 % en faisaient d'une à trois fois par semaine et 25,3 % en faisaient quatre fois ou plus par semaine. On a établi un lien entre, d'une part, un âge plus avancé, des niveaux de scolarité plus bas et une suffisance de revenu du ménage plus faible et, d'autre part, une fréquence plus importante de l'inactivité. Les individus vivant avec un trouble de l'humeur (avec ou sans anxiété et ceux avec des comorbidités physiques étaient moins susceptibles de faire régulièrement de l'exercice. Les recommandations d'un médecin ou d

Bioética e pesquisa em saúde mental Bioethics and research into mental health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marlene Braz

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo discute as pesquisas no campo da saúde mental, analisando questões éticas envolvidas e uso do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Para alcançar os objetivos, foram seguidos dois percursos principais: (1 breve histórico dos diferentes tratamentos e pesquisas com pacientes com transtornos mentais ou deficiência; (2 análise teórico-conceitual dos principais problemas relativos ao campo da saúde mental, quais sejam a noção de vulnerabilidade, competência e autonomia e o uso de grupos-controle com placebo. Duas perguntas principais move-ram a reflexão: se o paciente com transtornos mentais pode assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e se uso de placebo é aceitável. Concluiu-se pela existência de posições antagônicas e contraditórias, indicando que a pesquisa em saúde mental está minada por vieses de difícil solução. Não se pode, entretanto, deixar de lado, pelas dificuldades, as investigações éticas que contribuam para a cura dos transtornos mentais, devendo se atentar para as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo em razão da Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil, que tem mudado concepções arcaicas acerca do que seja doença mental e de como esse grupo deve ser compreendido e tratado.This article discusses research in the field of mental health, examining the ethical is sues involved and the use of Informed Consent. In order to achieve these objectives two main approaches were used: (1 a brief history of the different treatments and research with patients with mental illness or disability; (2 theoretical and conceptual analysis of the main problems concerning the mental health field, namely the notion of vulnerability, responsibility and autonomy and the use of placebo control groups. Two main questions prompted the reflection on whether the patient with a mental disorder can sign an Informed Consent, and whether the use of a placebo is acceptable. The existence of antagonistic and contradictory

Enlightened Travelers and Their Mental Maps

OpenAIRE

Nikolay Aretov

2015-01-01

Enlightened Travelers and Their Mental Maps The issue of mental mapping of Eastern Europe (Wolff), posed during the Enlightenment, and the similar problem of the image of the Balkans (Todorova), are both multifaceted. This paper deals with three aspects of these processes and seeks to analyse them through the prism of the Orientalism-Occidentalism opposition. The article opens with a very general description of the Oriental mental maps on the part of 19th-century Bulgarian revolutiona...

Afasia global sem hemiparesia: AVC ou transtorno conversivo?

OpenAIRE

Negreiros,Daniel Philippi de; Fregni,Felipe; Scalco,Andréia Zavaloni

2007-01-01

CONTEXTO: A realização de diagnóstico neurológico e psiquiátrico em ambiente de emergência hospitalar com freqüência é uma tarefa complexa e exige colaboração interdisciplinar. Um dos diagnósticos diferenciais de doenças neurológicas é o transtorno conversivo, cuja característica principal é a presença de sintomas afetando funções motoras ou sensoriais, que sugerem desordem clínica ou neurológica, porém sem doença orgânica subjacente que explique o quadro. RELATO DE CASO: Os autores relatam o...

Do modelo asilar-manicomial ao modelo de reabilitação psicossocial: haverá um lugar para o psicanalista em Saúde Mental?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy Greca de Oliveira Carneiro

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Da desrazão ao doente mental e ao portador de transtorno mental, embora se operem deslocamentos importantes nas Instituições de Saúde Mental, o sujeito permanece excluído. Discute-se a proposta de uma instituição que possa sustentar a lógica do não todo, do caso a caso, onde não se pode escrever o universal ou formar conjunto. Apresenta-se a psicanálise aplicada ao campo da saúde mental como uma clínica do sujeito, fundada não na diversidade, mas na singularidade de sua relação com seu desejo e seu gozo.

[Gao Jingyi. Han yu yu bei Ou yu yan : Han yu yu Wula'er yu yan ji Yin Ou yu yan tong yuan tan jiu] / Ago Künnap

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Künnap, Ago, 1941-

2010-01-01

Arvustus: Gao Jingyi. Han yu yu bei Ou yu yan : Han yu yu Wula'er yu yan ji Yin Ou yu yan tong yuan tan jiu = Chinese language and languages of northern Europe. Beijing : Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2008

Think Spatial: The Representation in Mental Rotation Is Nonvisual

Science.gov (United States)

Liesefeld, Heinrich R.; Zimmer, Hubert D.

2013-01-01

For mental rotation, introspection, theories, and interpretations of experimental results imply a certain type of mental representation, namely, visual mental images. Characteristics of the rotated representation can be examined by measuring the influence of stimulus characteristics on rotational speed. If the amount of a given type of information…

Eielson Air Force Base OU-1 baseline risk assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jarvis, M.T.; Jarvis, T.T.; Van Houten, N.C.; Lewis, R.E.

1993-09-01

This Baseline Risk Assessment report is the second volume in a set of three volumes for operable Unit 1 (OU-1). The companion documents contain the Remedial Investigation and the Feasibility Study. Operable Unit 1 (OU-1) is one of several groups of hazardous waste sites located at Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) near Fairbanks, Alaska. The operable units at Eielson are typically characterized by petroleum, oil, lubricant/solvent contamination, and by the presence of organics floating at the water table. In 1989 and 1990, firms under contract to the Air Force conducted field studies to gather information about the extent of chemical contamination in soil, groundwater, and soil air pore space (soil gas) at the site. This report documents the results of a baseline risk assessment, which uses the 1989 and 1991 site characterization database to quantify the potential human health risk associated with past Base industrial activities in the vicinity of OU-1. Background data collected in 1992 were also used in the preparation of this report

Análise da percepção de competência física de crianças com deficiência mental Examination of perceived physical competence of children with mental retardation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larissa Daniele Rubira Strioto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo descritivo foi analisar a percepção de competência física de crianças com deficiência mental (DM moderada em relação a diferentes idades e gêneros, bem como comparar a percepção de competência física dos praticantes e não-praticantes de atividades físicas ou esportivas. Foram sujeitos 76 crianças. Como instrumento foi utilizada a Pictorial Scale of Perceived Physical Competence for Children with Mental Retardation, um questionário com questões referentes à prática de atividades físicas e/ou desportivas fora do ambiente escolar e outro com questões referentes às atividades realizadas dentro do ambiente escolar. Os resultados sugerem que: crianças com deficiência mental moderada apresentam alta percepção de competência; não houve diferença significativa entre gêneros; crianças com idade de 12 anos apresentaram níveis de percepção de competência física menor do que a das crianças de 7, 8 e 9 anos (p= 0,01; crianças que praticam exercícios físicos ou esportes têm percepção de competência física menor do que os não-praticantes. Assim conclui-se: a prática de exercícios físicos/esportivos evidencia-se como elemento interveniente na elaboração dos critérios de julgamento da percepção de competência das crianças, auxiliando na construção de parâmetros avaliativos mais precisos e realistas.The objective of this descriptive study was to analyze the perceived physical competence of children with mild mental retardation in relation to different ages and genders as well as to compare the perceived physical competence of children that practice and children that don't practice physical or sports activities. The sample consisted of 76 children. The instruments used were the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Physical Competence for Children with Mental Retardation, a questionnaire assessing the practice of physical activities or sports out of school and another questionnaire assessing

Moudre ou faire bouillir ?

OpenAIRE

Rowlands, Mike; Fuller, Dorian Q.

2012-01-01

Moudre ou faire bouillir ? Nourrir les corps et les esprits dans des traditions culinaires et sacrificielles en Asie de l’Ouest, de l’Est et du Sud. Les techniques de préparation alimentaire révélées par l’archéologie pour les différentes régions d’Eurasie, incluant l’utilisation des céramiques, des meules et des plantes domestiques, mettent en évidence des situations contrastées. En Asie de l’Ouest, la mouture, la fabrication du pain et les soles de cuisson en aires ouvertes pour le rôtissag...

Mental imagery and the third dimension.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinker, S

1980-09-01

What sort of medium underlies imagery for three-dimensional scenes? In the present investigation, the time subjects took to scan between objects in a mental image was used to infer the sorts of geometric information that images preserve. Subjects studied an open box in which five objects were suspended, and learned to imagine this display with their eyes closed. In the first experiment, subjects scanned by tracking an imaginary point moving in a straight line between the imagined objects. Scanning times increased linearly with increasing distance between objects in three dimensions. Therefore metric 3-D information must be preserved in images, and images cannot simply be 2-D "snapshots." In a second experiment, subjects scanned across the image by "sighting" objects through an imaginary rifle sight. Here scanning times were found to increase linearly with the two-dimensional separations between objects as they appeared from the original viewing angle. Therefore metric 2-D distance information in the original perspective view must be preserved in images, and images cannot simply be 3-D "scale-models" that are assessed from any and all directions at once. In a third experiment, subjects mentally rotated the display 90 degrees and scanned between objects as they appeared in this new perspective view by tracking an imaginary rifle signt, as before. Scanning times increased linearly with the two-dimensional separations between objects as they would appear from the new relative viewing perspective. Therefore images can display metric 2-D distance information in a perspective view never actually experiences, so mental images cannot simply be "snapshot plus scale model" pairs. These results can be explained by a model in which the three-dimensional structure of objects is encoded in long-term memory in 3-D object-centered coordinate systems. When these objects are imagined, this information is then mapped onto a single 2-D "surface display" in which the perspective

O Trote e a Saúde Mental de Estudantes de Medicina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cristina Pereira Lima

Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução A prática do trote é um fenômeno que teve início na Idade Média e ainda persiste em muitas universidades pelo mundo. No Brasil, embora seja um problema amplamente reconhecido, tem sido insuficientemente estudado. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à ocorrência de trote numa faculdade de Medicina pública, localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Método Foi realizado um estudo transversal do qual participaram 477 estudantes de Medicina do primeiro ao sexto ano do curso. O questionário autopreenchido continha questões e instrumentos estruturados que permitiram avaliar: características sociodemográficas e da vida acadêmica, apoio social, sintomas depressivos, uso problemático de álcool (por meio do Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test – Audit, transtorno mental comum (por meio do Self Reporting Questionnaire – SRQ e se o participante sofreu trote que considerou abusivo ou se aplicou trote do qual se arrependeu posteriormente. Foi realizada análise bivariada e regressão logística para identificar fatores independentemente associados a cada um dos desfechos (ter sofrido trote que considerou abusivo ou ter aplicado trote do qual se arrependeu posteriormente. Resultados A taxa de resposta foi de 87,0%. Relataram ter sofrido trote abusivo 39,8% (IC95% 35,4% – 44,2% dos estudantes, enquanto afirmaram ter aplicado trote do qual se arrependeram 7,5% (IC95% 5,2% – 9,9% deles. Ter sofrido trote abusivo associou-se a: sexo masculino, não estar adaptado à cidade, apresentar menor escore na escala de apoio social e ter feito ou estar fazendo tratamento psiquiátrico e/ou psicológico após o ingresso na universidade. Ter aplicado trote, por sua vez, também se associou a sexo masculino, assim como a maior idade e maior pontuação no Audit. Conclusão Trote associou-se a sexo masculino e à procura por tratamento de saúde mental entre os que o receberam e a uso problem

The impact of ageing and gender on visual mental imagery processes: A study of performance on tasks from the Complete Visual Mental Imagery Battery (CVMIB).

Science.gov (United States)

Palermo, Liana; Piccardi, Laura; Nori, Raffaella; Giusberti, Fiorella; Guariglia, Cecilia

2016-09-01

In this study we aim to evaluate the impact of ageing and gender on different visual mental imagery processes. Two hundred and fifty-one participants (130 women and 121 men; age range = 18-77 years) were given an extensive neuropsychological battery including tasks probing the generation, maintenance, inspection, and transformation of visual mental images (Complete Visual Mental Imagery Battery, CVMIB). Our results show that all mental imagery processes with the exception of the maintenance are affected by ageing, suggesting that other deficits, such as working memory deficits, could account for this effect. However, the analysis of the transformation process, investigated in terms of mental rotation and mental folding skills, shows a steeper decline in mental rotation, suggesting that age could affect rigid transformations of objects and spare non-rigid transformations. Our study also adds to previous ones in showing gender differences favoring men across the lifespan in the transformation process, and, interestingly, it shows a steeper decline in men than in women in inspecting mental images, which could partially account for the mixed results about the effect of ageing on this specific process. We also discuss the possibility to introduce the CVMIB in clinical assessment in the context of theoretical models of mental imagery.

[Body image dissatisfaction as a mediator of the association between BMI, self-esteem and mental health in early adolescents: a multiple-group path analysis across gender].

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Mi Heui; Lee, Gyungjoo

2013-04-01

This study was done to examine not only the relationships between body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction (BID) and mental health, according to gender, but the mediating role of BID on mental health in relation to BMI and self-esteem among early adolescents. Data from 576 (296 boys and 280 girls) elementary school students in grades 5 to 6 were collected. A multiple-group path analysis was utilized to examine the relationships between BMI, self-esteem, BID and mental health by gender. In the path analysis for all students, poor mental health was related directly to BID, while it was indirectly related to BMI and self-esteem. In the multiple-group path analysis of both genders, BID was found to have a significant direct and indirect effect on mental health for girls alone. The findings suggested that BID should be examined early to prevent poor mental health in early adolescent girls. This study helps to elucidate the role of early adolescent BID on mental health and provides insight for further prevention and intervention programs in school and community mental health settings.

[Magnetic resonance compatibility research for coronary mental stents].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ying; Liu, Li; Wang, Shuo; Shang, Ruyao; Wang, Chunren

2015-01-01

The objective of this article is to research magnetic resonance compatibility for coronary mental stents, and to evaluate the magnetic resonance compatibility based on laboratory testing results. Coronary stents magnetic resonance compatibility test includes magnetically induced displacement force test, magnetically induced torque test, radio frequency induced heating and evaluation of MR image. By magnetic displacement force and torque values, temperature, and image distortion values to determine metal coronary stent demagnetization effect. The methods can be applied to test magnetic resonance compatibility for coronary mental stents and evaluate its demagnetization effect.

Restauration de Sapho ou Le Chant de Raoul Verlet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Courtiade

2012-06-01

Full Text Available L'étude de Sapho ou Le Chant, modèle de fonderie en plâtre élaboré par Raoul Verlet et conservé au Musée d'Angoulême depuis 1926, a permis d'aborder un sujet courant, celui des plâtres fracturés par l'expansion de la corrosion d'armatures internes causée par l'humidité. La principale intervention s'est axée sur le remontage des fragments nécessitant la conception d'une structure de remontage en acier inoxydable. Les interventions  structurelles ont été complétées par des collages simples ou renforcés des fragments de grandes dimensions.The study of Sapho ou Le Chant, a plaster cast foundry created by Raoul Verlet and preserved in the Angoulême Museum since 1926, has allowed to approach a common problematic, that one of split plaster cast by the expansion of steel reinforcements corrosion, caused by high humidity conservation conditions. The main intervention concerned the fragments reconstruction requiring the design and the execution of a stainless steel pedestal. The structural interventions was completed with simple and reinforced stickings of the larger fragments.

Effects of mental rotation on acalculia: differences in the direction of mental rotation account for the differing characteristics of acalculia induced by right and left hemispheric brain injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Asada, Tomohiko; Takayama, Yoshihiro; Oita, Jiro; Fukuyama, Hidenao

2014-04-01

We observed a 59-year-old right-handed man with an infarction in his right-middle cerebral artery that included the parietal lobe, who abnormally manipulated mental images in the horizontal direction, resulting in calculation disturbances. Three years later, the patient suffered an infarction in the left parietal lobe and displayed abnormalities during the creation of mental images; i.e., he rotated them in the vertical direction, which again resulted in calculation disturbances. These mental imagery disturbances might indicate that a common acalculia mechanism exists between the right and left hemispheres.

La photographie industrielle entre image documentaire et image publicitaire

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Régis Huguenin

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La chocolaterie Suchard à Neuchâtel (Suisse réalise des photographies de natures très diverses qu’elle diffuse dans des cercles plus ou moins restreints. En 1967, elle inaugure un entrepôt automatique, point d’orgue d’une restructuration quasi complète de la production et dont des clichés réalisés avant et pendant les journées « portes ouvertes » témoignent. En nous intéressant aux documents iconographiques relatant l’inauguration d’un bâtiment industriel chez Suchard, nous montrons comment l’image produit une réalité qu’elle n’incarne pas automatiquement. On montre ou on cache, on accentue ou on atténue en fonction des objectifs recherchés. C’est le cas aussi des légendes qui accompagnent les clichés, toutes axées sur la rationalisation mais n’évoquant jamais les conséquences sociales de la nouvelle stratégie productive. L’oscillation entre document et publicité est en prise directe avec le temps : celui du travail du photographe, celui de la sélection par l’entreprise, celui de la perception par les employés ou par le public, le temps du classement et de l’oubli avant celui de l’exhumation et de la réutilisation  des documents par l’entreprise pour une commémoration.

Participação nos Lucros ou Resultados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Felipe Ferreira

2007-03-01

Full Text Available A participação nos lucros ou resultados é uma forma de remuneração variável, pela qual não há incidência de encargos sociais, além de incentivar o aumento da produtividade, podendo assim ser utilizada pelas empresas como estratégia, para enfrentarem os desafios dinâmicos e competitivos em que atuam. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e tem como objetivo conceituar e explanar as formas pela quais são praticadas a participação nos lucros ou resultados em empresas do setor alimentício em Santa Catarina, que foram escolhidas por meio do critério de acessibilidade e disponibilidade. Dos dados coletados, pode-se verificar que as empresas: COC Alimentos, Moinho Catarinense e Pepsico do Brasil utilizam a participação nos resultados e a Perdigão utiliza a participação mista. A Moinho Catarinense distribui para todos os empregados um salário nominal, como a CDC Alimentos, exceto para os gerentes. A Perdigão beneficia todos os empregados, sendo que 60% da distribuição é pelo lucro líquido e 40% por indicadores de desempenho. A Pepsico do Brasil distribui aos empregados operacionais 50% de um salário nominal e para os empregados da administração central um salário nominal, atrelado ao cumprimento de metas, especificadas no programa de participação nos lucros ou resultados.

Surgical correction of pectus carinatum improves perceived body image, mental health and self-esteem.

Science.gov (United States)

Knudsen, Marie Veje; Grosen, Kasper; Pilegaard, Hans K; Laustsen, Sussie

2015-09-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of surgical correction of pectus carinatum on health-related quality of life and self-esteem. Between May 2012 and May 2013, a prospective observational single-center cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing surgical correction of pectus carinatum at our institution. Patients filled in questionnaires on health-related quality of life and self-esteem before and six months after surgery. Disease-specific health-related quality of life was improved by 33% (95% CI: 23; 44%) according to responses to the Nuss Questionnaire modified for Adults. The improvement for generic mental health-related quality of life was 7% (95% CI: 3; 12%) in responses to the Short Form-36 Questionnaire. The improvement in self-esteem was 9% (95% CI: 2; 17%) as assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A Single Step Questionnaire supported the improvements in health-related quality of life and self-esteem six months postsurgery. This study confirms positive effects of surgical correction of pectus carinatum on health-related quality of life and self-esteem. Patients were to a greater extent self-satisfied about chest appearance following surgery, indicating this to be a step in the right direction toward improved body image, mental health and self-esteem. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Racial Assumptions Color the Mental Representation of Social Class.

Science.gov (United States)

Lei, Ryan F; Bodenhausen, Galen V

2017-01-01

We investigated the racial content of perceivers' mental images of different socioeconomic categories. We selected participants who were either high or low in prejudice toward the poor. These participants saw 400 pairs of visually noisy face images. Depending on condition, participants chose the face that looked like a poor person, a middle income person, or a rich person. We averaged the faces selected to create composite images of each social class. A second group of participants rated the stereotypical Blackness of these images. They also rated the face images on a variety of psychological traits. Participants high in economic prejudice produced strongly class-differentiated mental images. They imagined the poor to be Blacker than middle income and wealthy people. They also imagined them to have less positive psychological characteristics. Participants low in economic prejudice also possessed images of the wealthy that were relatively White, but they represented poor and middle class people in a less racially differentiated way. We discuss implications for understanding the intersections of race and class in social perception.

POSIÇÃO DO CÓDIGO PENAL NOS CRIMES COMETIDOS POR ASSASSINOS EM SÉRIE, CONSIDERANDO, OU NÃO, SUA PSICOPATIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarah Carolina Amaral Souza

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, o assunto “serial killers” tem tomado conta de muitas séries de televisão, filmes e reportagens. Contudo, as informações sobre este tema apresentam equívocos e imperfeições. Este artigo visa, por um lado, caracterizar este grupo, diferenciando um psicopata de um psicótico. Por outro lado, discute sobre a aplicação de pena privativa de liberdade ou medida de segurança (Título V - art. 33 ao 42 e art. 96 ao 99, respectivamente, do Código Penal - Decreto-lei nº 2.848/1940, a partir do momento em que há conhecimento do estado de saúde mental do indivíduo acusado de ser um “serial killer”.

Múltipla autoria: crescimento ou bolha inflacionária?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenneth Rochel de Camargo Jr.

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o aumento do número de autores por artigo em revistas científicas brasileiras de saúde coletiva. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisados na base de dados LILACS artigos publicados em seis revistas de saúde coletiva e uma revista médica (para comparação, da coleção SciELO, com classificação Qualis, da Capes, igual ou superior a B-1, entre 1999 e 2010. Foram avaliadas a evolução da mediana de números de autores/artigo e a proporção de artigos com mais de quatro autores. Estimou-se a associação entre o triênio de publicação e a presença de quatro ou mais autores por artigo por meio de odds ratio de Mantel-Haenzel, ajustadas para o tipo de revista. RESULTADOS: Houve crescimento da mediana do número de autores e da proporção de artigos com mais de quatro autores para todas as revistas, principalmente no último triênio. As odds ratio para publicação de artigos com quatro autores ou mais, ajustadas para os tipo de revista, foram: segundo triênio: 1,3 (IC95% 1,1;1,4; terceiro triênio: 1,5 (IC95% 1,3;1,8; quarto triênio: 2,39 (IC95% 2,1;2,8. CONCLUSÕES: Periódicos científicos de saúde coletiva têm apresentado aumento no número de autores por artigo ao longo dos anos, independentemente da orientação editorial.

Tratamento da parada cardíaca experimental com adrenalina, vasopressina ou placebo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manoel Ângelo Gomes Palácio

2013-12-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Na ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP prolongada, o efeito dos vasoconstritores não foi plenamente esclarecido. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito pressórico da adrenalina e da vasopressina, e observar o retorno da circulação espontânea (RCE. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, cego e placebo-controlado. Após sete minutos em fibrilação ventricular, porcos receberam ciclos de dois minutos de RCP. Tentou-se a desfibrilação (4 J/kg uma vez aos 9 minutos e após cada ciclo, conforme o ritmo verificado, reiniciando-se a RCP imediatamente. Aos 9 minutos e depois de cada cinco minutos, aplicou-se adrenalina 0,02 mg/kg (n = 12 porcos, ou vasopressina 0,4 U/kg (n = 12, ou solução salina 0,9% 0,2 mL/kg (n = 8. A RCP continuou por 30 minutos ou até o RCE. RESULTADOS: A pressão de perfusão coronária aumentou para aproximadamente 20 mmHg nos três grupos. Com os vasoconstritores, a pressão alcançou 35 mmHg versus 15 mmHg com placebo (p < 0,001. Com vasopressina, manteve-se efeito de 15-20 mmHg após três doses versus zero com adrenalina ou placebo. Observou-se o RCE com frequência diferente (p = 0,031 entre adrenalina (10/12, vasopressina (6/12 e placebo (2/8. O tempo médio até o RCE não diferiu (16 minutos, nem o número de doses recebidas até então (uma ou duas. Entre os vasoconstritores não houve diferença significante, mas, frente ao placebo, apenas a adrenalina aumentou significantemente o RCE (p = 0,019. CONCLUSÃO: O efeito pressórico inicial dos vasoconstritores foi equivalente, e a vasopressina manteve um efeito tardio na ressuscitação prolongada. Apesar disso, comparando-se ao placebo, apenas a adrenalina aumentou significantemente a frequência do retorno da circulação espontânea.

Arte ou artefato? Agência e significado nas artes indígenas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Els Lagrou

2016-11-01

Um outro aspecto interessante, que sobressai nas duas contribuições, é a inter-relação entre a Antropologia da arte e Antropologia das coisas ou objetos. Pensar práticas e objetos artísticos sob a perspectiva antropológica significa desvendar relações sociais e intencionalidades neles condensados ou por eles transmitidos – ponto que, coincidentemente, está presente em outras seções desse número da Proa, inclusive na Galeria

Comparison of Potentiometric and Gravimetric Methods for Determination of O/U Ratio

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farida; Windaryati, L; Putro Kasino, P

1998-01-01

Comparison of determination O/U ratio by using potentiometric and gravimetric methods has been done. Those methods are simple, economical and having high precision and accuracy. Determination O/U ratio for UO 2 powder using potentiometric is carried out by adopting the davies-gray method. This technique is based on the redox reaction of uranium species such as U(IV) and U(VI). In gravimetric method,the UO 2 power as a sample is calcined at temperature of 900 C, and the weight of the sample is measured after calcination process. The t-student test show that there are no different result significantly between those methods. However, for low concentration in the sample the potentiometric method has a highed precision and accuracy compare to the gravimetric method. O/U ratio obtained is 2.00768 ± 0,00170 for potentiometric method 2.01089 ± 0,02395 for gravimetric method

Effects of microgravity on cognition: The case of mental imagery.

Science.gov (United States)

Grabherr, Luzia; Mast, Fred W

2010-01-01

Human cognitive performance is an important factor for the successful and safe outcome of commercial and non-commercial manned space missions. This article aims to provide a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of microgravity on the cognitive abilities of parabolic or space flight participants due to the absence of the gravito-inertial force. We will focus on mental imagery: one of the best studied cognitive functions. Mental imagery is closely connected to perception and motor behavior. It aids important processes such as perceptual anticipation, problem solving and motor simulation, all of which are critical for space travel. Thirteen studies were identified and classified into the following topics: spatial representations, mental image transformations and motor imagery. While research on spatial representation and mental image transformation continues to grow and specific differences in cognitive functioning between 1 g and 0 g have been observed, motor imagery has thus far received little attention.

Voltametric determination of O:U relation in uranium oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, F.M.S. de; Abrao, A.

1988-07-01

Uranium oxide samples are dissolved in hot concentrated H 3 PO 4 - H 2 SO 4 mixture and the solution diluted with 1M H 2 SO 4 . One aliquot of such solution (A) is used to record the first voltamogram which gives the U(VI) content. To a second aliquot HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 is added to oxidise uranium to the hexavalent state (B) and the second voltamogram is recorded from 0.0 to 0.4 V X SCE. The O:U ratio in the original sample is calculated by the expression: O/U = 2.000 + [U (VI) soln.A/% U(VI) soln. B]. The method provides an accurate means for determining O to U ratios in high-purity uranium dioxide, fuel pellets and a variety of oxides prepared for developmental work on ceramic fuel materials. (author) [pt

Imagining Change: An Integrative Approach toward Explaining the Motivational Role of Mental Imagery in Pro-environmental Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Boomsma, Christine; Pahl, Sabine; Andrade, Jackie

2016-01-01

Climate change and other long-term environmental issues are often perceived as abstract and difficult to imagine. The images a person associates with environmental change, i.e., a person’s environmental mental images, can be influenced by the visual information they come across in the public domain. This paper reviews the literature on this topic across social, environmental, and cognitive psychology, and the wider social sciences; thereby responding to a call for more critical investigations into people’s responses to visual information. By integrating the literature we come to a better understanding of the lack in vivid and concrete environmental mental imagery reported by the public, the link between environmental mental images and goals, and how affectively charged external images could help in making mental imagery less abstract. Preliminary research reports on the development of a new measure of environmental mental imagery and three tests of the relationship between environmental mental imagery, pro-environmental goals and behavior. Furthermore, the paper provides a program of research, drawing upon approaches from different disciplines, to set out the next steps needed to examine how and why we should encourage the public to imagine environmental change. PMID:27909415

L'image comme outil documentaire: exemple de SONATRACH ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dans cet article, on traite d'abord de l'évolution des techniques de l'image et de sa reproduction, de l'intérêt et de la nécessité d'utiliser l'image à travers un système documentaire, dans le domaine de la recherche et l'exploitation de ressources pétrolières. Ou délimite le champ de l'image scientifique et on définit les ...

Impact of a near-death experience and religious conversion on the mental health of a criminal: case report and literature review Impacto de uma experiência de quase-morte e conversão religiosa sobre a saúde mental de um criminoso: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camilla C. Braghetta

2013-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Near-death experiences have been defined as profound psychological events that may occur to a person while close to death or in a situation of extreme physical or emotional distress. These experiences seem to have an important effect on the patients’ mental health and may occur in several situations despite their cultural and religious beliefs. CASE DESCRIPTION: The present case report describes the positive impact of a near-death experience (Greyson scale > 7 followed by religious conversion on the mental health of a former prisoner. COMMENTS: Investigation of the role of near-death experiences by the scientific community could shed light on the coping mechanisms and moral/ethical transformations that take place in these individuals.OBJETIVO: As experiências de quase-morte são definidas como eventos psicológicos profundos, que podem ocorrer quando uma pessoa está em morte iminente ou em situação de intensa crise física ou emocional. Essas experiências parecem ter efeito importante sobre a saúde mental desses pacientes e ocorrem em diversas situações, a despeito de culturas e crenças religiosas. RELATO DE CASO: O presente relato de caso descreve a influência positiva de uma experiência de quase-morte (escala de Greyson > 7 seguida de conversão religiosa sobre a saúde mental de um ex-detento. COMENTÁRIO: A investigação do papel de experiências de quase-morte em âmbito científico poderia ajudar a elucidar os mecanismos de coping e transformações éticas e morais que ocorrem nesses indivíduos.

Neurophysiological Correlates of Various Mental Perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thilo eHinterberger

2014-08-01

Full Text Available A common view of consciousness is that our mind presents emotions, experiences and images in an internal mental (re-presentation space which in a state of wakefulness is triggered by the world outside. Consciousness can be defined as the observation of this inner mental space. We propose a new model, in which the state of the conscious observer is defined by the observer’s mental position and focus of attention. The mental position of the observer can either be within the mental self (intrapersonal space, in the mental outer world (extrapersonal space or in an empathic connection, i.e. within the intrapersonal space of another person (perspective taking. The focus of attention can be directed towards the self or towards the outside world. This mental space model can help us to understand the patterns of relationships and interactions with other persons as they occur in social life.To investigate the neurophysiological correlates and discriminability of the different mental states, we conducted an EEG experiment measuring the brain activity of 16 subjects via 64 electrodes while they engaged in different mental positions (intrapersonal, extrapersonal, perspective taking with different attentional foci (self, object. Compared to external mental locations, internal ones showed significantly increased alpha2 power, especially when the observer was focusing on an object. Alpha2 and beta2 were increased in the empathic condition compared to the extrapersonal perspective. Delta power was significantly higher when the attentional focus was directed towards an object in comparison to the participant’s own self. This exploratory study demonstrates highly significant differences between various mental locations and foci, suggesting that the proposed categories of mental location and intra- and interpersonal attentional foci are not only helpful theoretical concepts but are also physiologically relevant and therefore may relate to basic brain processing

Homens gays com deficiência congénita e/ou adquirida, física e/ou sensorial: duplo-fardo social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica José Abreu Sousa

Full Text Available O estudo apresentado, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, enquadra-se na linha de trabalhos que procuram contribuir, através da fenomenologia, para a compreensão da perspectiva única de homens gays com deficiência congénita e/ou adquirida, física e/ou sensorial, no que concerne às vivências inerentes à deficiência física, bem como à sua orientação sexual. Nesse sentido, recorrendo a uma entrevista semiestruturada, o presente estudo procurou, através da descrição detalhada das experiências pessoais de dois participantes, compreender os seus valores, as suas crenças, as suas representações, as suas atitudes e opiniões, assim como as suas referências normativas. Entre outras conclusões, ressaltamos que, para além de as experiências de dupla discriminação serem relatadas de forma central pelos participantes, verifica-se, de igual modo, a emergência de significados existenciais alternativos que lhes possibilitem alcançar as suas expectativas quanto à vivência da homossexualidade e da sexualidade.

Influence of mental abacus calculation practice on mental arithmetic in children: a fMRI study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long Jinfeng; Zhao Kunyuan; Wang Bin; Li Lixin; Shen Xiaojun

2009-01-01

Objective: To investigate the influence of mental abacus calculation practice on mental arithmetic in children with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Twelve children who had practiced mental abacus calculation for 3 years and 12 untrained children (The two groups were matched in terms of age, handedness and education) underwent fMRI during mental calculation tasks. The related behavior data were recorded at the same time. All data were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping 2. Results: The calculation accuracy was significantly higher [(95.00±7.16)% vs.(74.26±16.07)%. t=-4.084, P<0.01]; and the reaction time was significantly shorter [(597.91±124.05) ms vs. (770.07± 148.54) ms, t=3.082, P<0.01] in trained group than untrained group. The extent and magnitude of the activated areas were significantly increased in the untrained group compared with the trained group. The activated areas mainly localized in the frontal and parietal lobes in untrained group, while the brain activated areas were few and mainly localized in occipital and parietal lobes in the trained group. Conclusion: Mental abacus calculation can enhance the information processing m some brain areas, and improve the utilization efficiency of neural resources. (authors)

Essay of Modelling water resources management of the Oued Righ ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of the Oued Righ watershed (Algeria) using the WEAP decision support system ... shows a remarkable reduction in water demand and return flows to the river channel Righ. ... Key-words: WEAP, water table, Scenarios, model, ArcGIS ...

Potentialisation de l'efficacite insecticide des poudres de feuilles ou ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Potentialisation de l'efficacite insecticide des poudres de feuilles ou amandes de neemier Azadirachta indica A . Juss par formulation avec la cendre de tiges de mil contre Sitophilus zeamais motsch. Et Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera : Curc.

Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health - Vol 26, No 3 (2014)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Eating attitudes, body image satisfaction and self-esteem of South African ... The impact of a mental health teaching programme on rural and urban ... in assessing children's mental health in primary care: Finnish parents', ... Attachment, parenting styles and bullying during pubertal years · EMAIL ... OTHER RESOURCES.

Ville et prostitution : rivales ou riveraines ? City and Prostitution: Rivals or Neighbours?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catherine Deschamps

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Sous l’égide de l’Association des maires des grandes villes de France s’est tenue à Nantes, en juin 2003, la “Première rencontre française et internationale des professionnels de la ville” intitulée Les politiques urbaines face à la prosti­tution. Mobilisation des villes pour la répression de la traite aux fins d’exploi­tation sexuelle, la prévention et l’aide aux victimes. À partir des “actes” de cette rencontre, d’une enquête de terrain, d’une revue de la littérature et de la presse quotidienne française pour l’année 2003, cet article questionne la généa­logie contemporaine de l’association de la prostitution aux villes et les raisons qui, à tort ou à raison, motivent cette association. Parmi ces raisons, se cache une instrumentalisation des plus ambiguës de la “jeune prostituée étrangère”, associée à son corps défendant à l’image d’une traite mondiale, donc tenta­culaire. La rencontre nantaise est alors, à l’échelle de la ville, l’illustration, ou la répétition, de mécanismes plus généraux.Under the aegis of the Association of mayors of major French cities, the “First French and international meeting of city professionals” was held at Nantes, in June 2003, entitled Urban policies in dealing with prostitution. The mobilization of cities in the repression of slavery for purposes of sexual exploitation, prevention and aid to victims. Based on the “acts” of this meeting, a field survey, a review of the literature and the daily French press for the year 2003, this article questions the contemporary genealogy of the association of prostitution and cities, and the reasons which, rightly or wrongly, motivate that association. Among these reasons, is hidden a most ambiguous instrumentalization of the “young foreign prostitute”, associated despite herself with the image of a worldwide, and hence tentacular, slave trade. Thus the Nantes meeting is, on a city scale, the

Workshop ALOUD 'Onderzoek voor, door en met de OU'

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gijselaers, Jérôme; De Groot, Renate

2015-01-01

Vraagt u zich wel eens af wat de doorsnee kenmerken zijn van de OU-student? Hoeveel studenten daadwerkelijk starten met de studeren? Wie van deze groep succesvol zijn? En welke verschillen er zitten tussen de faculteiten? En wilt u meedenken over wat voor details we van studenten willen weten voor

Interhemispheric inhibition during mental actions of different complexity.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Gueugneau

Full Text Available Several investigations suggest that actual and mental actions trigger similar neural substrates. Yet, neurophysiological evidences on the nature of interhemispheric interactions during mental movements are still meagre. Here, we asked whether the content of mental images, investigated by task complexity, is finely represented in the inhibitory interactions between the two primary motor cortices (M1s. Subjects' left M1 was stimulated by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS while they were performing actual or mental movements of increasing complexity with their right hand and exerting a maximum isometric force with their left thumb and index. Thus, we simultaneously assessed the corticospinal excitability in the right opponent pollicis muscle (OP and the ipsilateral silent period (iSP in the left OP during actual and mental movements. Corticospinal excitability in right OP increased during actual and mental movements, but task complexity-dependent changes were only observed during actual movements. Interhemispheric motor inhibition in the left OP was similarly modulated by task complexity in both mental and actual movements. Precisely, the duration and the area of the iSP increased with task complexity in both movement conditions. Our findings suggest that mental and actual movements share similar inhibitory neural circuits between the two homologous primary motor cortex areas.

Partage de connaissances ou partage de documents ?

OpenAIRE

Kolmayer, Elisabeth; Peyrelong, Marie-France

1999-01-01

Les évolutions technologiques et les discours managériaux semblent conduire à une vision "enchantée" de la gestion et du partage des connaissances dans les entreprises. Cette gestion passe de manière "évidente" par l'outil électronique. Or s'interroger sur les supports de connaissance, c'est moins s'interroger sur le passage du papier à l'électronique, que sur l'élaboration de connaissances ou d'informations "collectives", et sur leurs possibilités d'appropriation. Nous nous appuyons pour cel...

Effects of gender, imagery ability, and sports practice on the performance of a mental rotation task.

Science.gov (United States)

Habacha, Hamdi; Molinaro, Corinne; Dosseville, Fabrice

2014-01-01

Mental rotation is one of the main spatial abilities necessary in the spatial transformation of mental images and the manipulation of spatial parameters. Researchers have shown that mental rotation abilities differ between populations depending on several variables. This study uses a mental rotation task to investigate effects of several factors on the spatial abilities of 277 volunteers. The results demonstrate that high and low imagers performed equally well on this tasks. Athletes outperformed nonathletes regardless of their discipline, and athletes with greater expertise outperformed those with less experience. The results replicate the previously reported finding that men exhibit better spatial abilities than women. However, with high amounts of practice, the women in the current study were able to perform as well as men.

Sidi Ali Ou Azza (L4): A New Moroccan Fall

Science.gov (United States)

Chennaoui Aoudjehane, H.; Agee, C. B.; Aaranson, A.; Bouragaa, A.

2016-08-01

Sidi Ali Ou Azza is the latest meteorite fall in Morocco, it occurred on 28 July 2015 very close (about 40 km) to Tissint martian shergottite fall that occurred on 18 July 2011. It's one of the small group of 23 L4 ordinary chondrite falls.

Measurement of natural radioactivity of the leaf Nefza (Oued belif)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fourati Sofiane

2009-01-01

Nefza region, specifically Oued Belif, has a unique geological diversity in Tunisia. That's why it was chosen to be a study of natural radioactivity. The results were encouraging and have allowed us to draw conclusions about the origin of the high natural radioactivity found in certain rocks.

Motion Controllers for Learners to Manipulate and Interact with 3D Objects for Mental Rotation Training

Science.gov (United States)

Yeh, Shih-Ching; Wang, Jin-Liang; Wang, Chin-Yeh; Lin, Po-Han; Chen, Gwo-Dong; Rizzo, Albert

2014-01-01

Mental rotation is an important spatial processing ability and an important element in intelligence tests. However, the majority of past attempts at training mental rotation have used paper-and-pencil tests or digital images. This study proposes an innovative mental rotation training approach using magnetic motion controllers to allow learners to…

Interconsulta psiquiátrica: fatores de encaminhamento para a terapia ocupacional em saúde mental / Consultation-liaison psychiatry: factors referral from occupational therapy in mental health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Solange Aparecida Tedesco

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: As intervenções em terapia ocupacional associadas com serviços de interconsulta psiquiátrica não são usuais, embora contribuam para a redução do estresse do paciente e facilitem a continuidade dos cuidados. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil demográfico, clínico e psiquiátrico dos pacientes assistidos por um interconsultor psiquiatra e encaminhados a um terapeuta ocupacional de saúde mental, e os respectivos motivos. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo eu comparou 139 pacientes avaliados em um serviço de interconsulta psiquiátrica que foram encaminhados para o atendimento de terapia ocupacional em saúde mental com os 561 pacientes do mesmo serviço de interconsulta que não foram encaminhados. Realizou-se um modelo de analise de regressão logística no qual a variável dependente foi o fator encaminhamento para a terapia ocupacional e as demais variáveis sóciodemográficas, clinicas, psiquiátricas e ocupacionais foram avaliadas como possíveis variáveis preditoras (método backward. Resultados: Os pacientes que se aposentaram por incapacidade, com maior número de consultas anteriormente ao encaminhamento, hospitalizados em unidades de diálise, hematologia, ginecologia e clínica cirúrgica eram mais propensos a serem encaminhados à terapia ocupacional. A redução da probabilidade de encaminhamento foi associada ao aumento da idade e à presença de sintomas de psicose, confusão mental ou agressividade. Conclusão: Os pacientes encaminhados por interconsultores psiquiatras, para a terapia ocupacional em saúde mental, integravam um subgrupo com características que contribuíam com a previsão de decisões de encaminhamento. Esses pacientes apresentaram dificuldades em lidar com a doença, maior vulnerabilidade pessoal e uma série de comportamentos e atitudes de preocupação e angústia em relação a sua doença ou hospitalização que os conduziria a situações de ruptura e estresse. �

SITUATION OF FLUORIDES RATE IN WATERS AND MAJOR CONSUMED FOOD IN WILAYA EL-OUED

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Zobeidi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The effects of mineral salts in the drinking water, beneficial or harmful depending on their concentration, are known for many years and thus the problem posed by fluoride ions in the waters of the region (Fluorosis Dental and skeletal. This study proposes, the estimated daily intake of fluoride from its water distribution and the main food consumed per capita in the region of El-Oued (dates, tea, couscous, lentils, carrots, potatoes, pumpkin ..., which has a significant content of fluoride in their composition. In addition to the arid climatic conditions, the air temperature is very high in summer, leads to a strong human perspiration. This preliminary result leads us to propose a standard fluoride-specific region of El-Oued. The results showed that the majority of water samples and analyzed the main foods of the region of El-Oued is charged fluoride ions and exceed the maximum dose recommended for adults from 0.05 to 0.07 mg / kg / day.

Measuring inhibitory control in children and adults: brain imaging and mental chronometry

Science.gov (United States)

Houdé, Olivier; Borst, Grégoire

2014-01-01

Jean Piaget underestimated the cognitive capabilities of infants, preschoolers, and elementary schoolchildren, and overestimated the capabilities of adolescents and even adults which are often biased by illogical intuitions and overlearned strategies (i.e., “fast thinking” in Daniel Kahneman’s words). The crucial question is now to understand why, despite rich precocious knowledge about physical and mathematical principles observed over the last three decades in infants and young children, older children, adolescents and even adults are nevertheless so often bad reasoners. We propose that inhibition of less sophisticated solutions (or heuristics) by the prefrontal cortex is a domain-general executive ability that supports children’s conceptual insights associated with more advanced Piagetian stages, such as number-conservation and class inclusion. Moreover, this executive ability remains critical throughout the whole life and even adults may sometimes need “prefrontal pedagogy” in order to learn inhibiting intuitive heuristics (or biases) in deductive reasoning tasks. Here we highlight some of the discoveries from our lab in the field of cognitive development relying on two methodologies used for measuring inhibitory control: brain imaging and mental chronometry (i.e., the negative priming paradigm). We also show that this new approach opens an avenue for re-examining persistent errors in standard classroom-learning tasks. PMID:24994993

Measuring inhibitory control in children and adults: brain imaging and mental chronometry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olivier eHoudé

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Jean Piaget underestimated the cognitive capabilities of infants, preschoolers, and elementary schoolchildren, and overestimated the capabilities of adolescents and even adults which are often biased by illogical intuitions and overlearned strategies (i.e., fast thinking in Daniel Kahneman’s words. The crucial question is now to understand why, despite rich precocious knowledge about physical and mathematical principles observed over the last three decades in infants and young children, older children, adolescents and even adults are nevertheless so often bad reasoners. We propose that inhibition of less sophisticated solutions (or heuristics by the prefrontal cortex is a domain-general executive ability that supports children’s conceptual insights associated with more advanced Piagetian stages, such as number conservation and class inclusion. Moreover, this executive ability remains critical throughout the whole life and even adults may sometimes need prefrontal pedagogy in order to learn inhibiting intuitive heuristics (or biases in deductive reasoning tasks. Here we highlight some of the discoveries from our lab in the field of cognitive development relying on two methodologies used for measuring inhibitory control: brain imaging and mental chronometry (i.e., the negative-priming paradigm. We also show that this new approach opens an avenue for re-examining persistent errors in standard classroom-learning tasks.

Measuring inhibitory control in children and adults: brain imaging and mental chronometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Houdé, Olivier; Borst, Grégoire

2014-01-01

Jean Piaget underestimated the cognitive capabilities of infants, preschoolers, and elementary schoolchildren, and overestimated the capabilities of adolescents and even adults which are often biased by illogical intuitions and overlearned strategies (i.e., "fast thinking" in Daniel Kahneman's words). The crucial question is now to understand why, despite rich precocious knowledge about physical and mathematical principles observed over the last three decades in infants and young children, older children, adolescents and even adults are nevertheless so often bad reasoners. We propose that inhibition of less sophisticated solutions (or heuristics) by the prefrontal cortex is a domain-general executive ability that supports children's conceptual insights associated with more advanced Piagetian stages, such as number-conservation and class inclusion. Moreover, this executive ability remains critical throughout the whole life and even adults may sometimes need "prefrontal pedagogy" in order to learn inhibiting intuitive heuristics (or biases) in deductive reasoning tasks. Here we highlight some of the discoveries from our lab in the field of cognitive development relying on two methodologies used for measuring inhibitory control: brain imaging and mental chronometry (i.e., the negative priming paradigm). We also show that this new approach opens an avenue for re-examining persistent errors in standard classroom-learning tasks.

Sexuality, vulnerability to HIV, and mental health: an ethnographic study of psychiatric institutions Sexualidade e vulnerabilidade ao HIV em saúde mental: um estudo de base etnográfica de instituições psiquiátricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana de Souza Pinto

2007-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents data from the ethnographic based formative phase of the Interdisciplinary Project on Sexuality, Mental Health, and AIDS (PRISSMA, sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH and carried out in two psychiatric institutions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Results from ethnographic observations, focus groups, and key informant interviews with different groups of mental health care providers and day hospital and outpatient mental health clients regarding conceptions of sexuality and HIV vulnerability are described. The results suggest a diversity of notions about sexuality by both groups and point out the high HIV sexual risk in this psychiatric population. This formative phase has served as the basis for the cultural adaptation and creation of a Brazilian intervention for HIV prevention in the severely mentally ill, the feasibility of which has been successfully evaluated in the pilot phase.Este artigo apresenta dados da fase formativa, de base etnográfica, do Projeto Interdisciplinar em Sexualidade, Saúde Mental e AIDS (PRISSMA patrocinado pelo National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH e desenvolvido em duas instituições psiquiátricas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. São descritos e discutidos os resultados obtidos nas observações etnográficas, grupos focais e entrevistas com informantes-chave realizados com diferentes grupos de profissionais de saúde mental e usuários de saúde mental do hospital-dia e/ou em tratamento ambulatorial, relativos às concepções de sexualidade e vulnerabilidade para o HIV. Os resultados sugerem uma diversidade de relatos e noções sobre o exercício da sexualidade por ambos os grupos e aponta para o alto risco sexual para o HIV nessa população psiquiátrica. Esta fase formativa embasou a adaptação cultural e a criação de uma intervenção brasileira para prevenção desse vírus em portadores de transtornos mentais graves cuja viabilidade foi avaliada

Various mental images about the geographical extension of Central, Southeast and Eastern Europe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tamás Hardi

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Balkans and Southeast Europe as macro- region space concepts are not regions designable by physical geography; the geographical content of these concepts is drawn and re-drawn by historical, cultural and geopolitical processes. Debates on the extension and content of the macro-regions featured intensify every now and then, especially in crisis periods - it is enough to think of the years before, during and after the world wars, the regime change, and these days. Our paper, with the brief summary of the preliminaries, highlights, from the perspective of our age, the geopolitically determined transformation and demonstrates the findings of our empirical research. During our research we made a questionnaire survey in which we recorded mental maps of the university students of Hungary and its seven neighbour countries, looking at where the respondents put their own countries and what image of the respective macro-regions lived in their minds. Our findings may be subject to debates but clearly show the convergent or divergent directions of the respective countries, at least as regards the judgement by the youth.

Hubungan Kesehatan Mental dengan Motivasi Belajar Siswa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Achmad Badaruddin

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In motivation in study, mental health plays an important role. If someone has healthy mental health, the students will also be able to highly motivation in study. In fact there are students who still sickmental health as students are difficult to be expressive freely, self acceptance, self esteem and safety feeling that affect the motivation in study of students in terms of the studying preparation, learning proccess and follow up the study. This study aims to reveal how the image of mental health, student’s motivation in study and how the relationship between mental health and student’s motivation in study. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach correlational. Research conducted on the students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Sintuk Toboh Gadang. The research findings revealed that 1 the emotional intelligence of students in middle category, 2 social interaction of students in middle category, 3 There is a significant and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and social interaction of students with the level of correlation is quite strong.

Les Ilenti ou maudire son prochain en turc

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Altan Gokalp

2009-05-01

Full Text Available La langue turque contemporaine dispopse d’un nombre important de formules d’invective et de malédiction qui relèvent d’un genre appelé ilenç ou ilenti, forme qui est connue depuis les premières inscriptions turques runiques de la Haute Asie. Bien que l’islam réprouve le fait de maudire son prochain, le genre issu d’une grande tradition turque ancienne est d’un usage commun chez les Turcs. Plus encore, la manière de maudire relève d’une tradition savante, d’un « Grand Parler » qui s’apparente aux genres littéraires les plus classiques comme l’épopée, le conte ou la poésie lyrique : la métrique, les rimes, l’usage des assonances obéissent aux mêmes règles que la grande tradition littéraire turque. En cela, le fait d’user de l’invective et de la malédiction est d’une certaine manière une prétention à la distinction et à la domination de l’autre. Les cibles de l’invective éclairent bien cette volonté de dominer et de détruire son ennemi (le corps, la famille, la maladie, une mort peu digne, etc..

La double nature de l’image d’auteur The double nature of the author’s image

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruth Amossy

2009-10-01

Full Text Available L’image d’auteur se décline selon deux modalités principales : l’image de soi que projette l’auteur dans le discours littéraire, ou ethos auctorial ; et l’image de l’auteur produite aux alentours de l’œuvre dans les discours éditoriaux, critiques et autres, ou représentation de l’auteur construite par une tierce personne. Ce travail, situé au carrefour de l’analyse du discours, de la rhétorique et de la narratologie, se propose d’éclairer ce double régime d’images en suggérant d’en explorer plus systématiquement les interrelations. En un premier temps de la recherche, il s’attache à préciser la notion d’image d’auteur pour inviter à une investigation plus approfondie de sa fabrique discursive dans les commentaires éditoriaux, médiatiques, critiques, … Il étudie ensuite la notion d’ethos auctorial en en exposant la construction et les fonctions dans le discours littéraire. Enfin, il esquisse l’analyse d’un fragment de Les bienveillantes de Littell pour éclairer l’articulation complexe des images intra- et extratextuelles de l’auteur.When dealing with the author’s image, one has to distinguish between the image of self built by the author in her text, or “authorial ethos”; and the image of the author as produced outside the literary work in the discourses of the editor, the critics, etc., or representation of the author constructed by another person. At the crossroad of Discourse Analysis, Rhetoric and Narratology, this paper endeavors to illuminate these two categories of images, calling for a further exploration of their intrinsic interrelation. It first describes the notion of author’s image, inviting to an in-depth analysis of its various manifestations; it illuminates the notion of authorial ethos, showing how it is constructed and what functions it fulfils in literary discourse. It then proceeds to a short analysis of a text borrowed from Littell’s novel, The Kindly

Advancing Destination Image

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kock, Florian; Josiassen, Alexander; Assaf, A. George

2016-01-01

Knowledge of the mental representations that individuals hold about tourist destinations are important to understand their intentions. These mental destination representations have often been investigated by applying the concept of destination image. This study argues that the extant literature...... is often rather atheoretical and lacks operational rigor. These are major shortcomings which undoubtedly hinder the development of academic and managerial insights. In response, this study draws on contemporary psychology to develop the destination content model, comprising three informational components...... held in individuals‘ minds about destinations. The present study further outlines preferable methods and measures for each component, thus aiding researchers to investigate mental destination representations...

Original article The effect of three-dimensional imaging of well-known objects on time and accuracy of mental rotation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piotr Francuz

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Background The purpose of this study was to verify hypotheses concerning the effect of three-dimensional imaging and the canonicity of objects presented in the original position on the reaction time (RT and the accuracy (A of mental rotation task (MRT execution. The classical paradigm of MRT, developed by Shepard and Metzler (1971, was used in the experiment. Participants and procedure One hundred fifty-eight undergraduate students (88 female and 70 male, aged 18-30 years, participated in the experiment. All participants had normal vision or corrected vision, and reported no stereo blindness. The sequential version of the MRT was used in the experiment. Participants answered whether the object observed in the second position was only rotated or both rotated and mirror-reversed, in comparison to its original position. The answer (accuracy and its latency (RT were recorded. Results As predicted by the mental rotation model, both the “U”-shaped A-MRT distribution and the inverted “U”-shaped RT-MRT distribution were found, due to the angular disparity. For the RT-MRT, this effect was more pronounced when the objects were displayed stereoscopically than in a plane, and when the objects were presented in the original position from the canonical orientation rather than an unusual point of view. On the other hand, in the case of the A-MRT, an effect of the orientation of objects presented in the original position on strengthening the relationship between accuracy and angular disparity was found. Conclusions The results indicated that the interactions between the presentation of the objects in the mental rotation task (stereoscopically vs. in a plane and the orientation of the object in its original position (canonically vs. unusual are more complicated than would appear from predictions of classical theories of mental rotation. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the theories of recognition and categorization.

La ciudad de Valencia como espacio percibido por los estudiantes universitarios. Aportaciones desde el análisis propuesto por la geografía de la percepción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morales Yago, Francisco José

2015-06-01

des images ou des représentations mentales que les gens font les endroits où nous vivons ou savent grâce à des sources d’information monde. Les images mentales sont déterminées par les moyens que nous utilisons pour se déplacer, les endroits que nous fréquentons et des sentiments de rejet ou d’identification avec l’objet espace de tous les jours. Pour atteindre cet perçu résultats de l’enquête de connaissances et le développement de cartes mentales menées chez les étudiants vivant à Valence sera présenté. De leur feront progresser le savoir, il effectué par les différents acteurs impliqués dans les propositions d’amélioration de la planification de l’espace qui contribuent à la croissance harmonieuse et durable, les carences de correction palpables qui peuvent affecter la qualité de vie des citoyens.

Severe physical punishment and mental health problems in an economically disadvantaged population of children and adolescents Punição física grave e problemas de saúde mental em população de crianças e adolescentes economicamente desfavorecida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Altenfelder Santos Bordin

2006-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of severe physical punishment of children/adolescents in a low-income community, and to examine child mental health problems as a potential correlate. METHOD: This study is a Brazilian cross-sectional pilot study of the World Studies of Abuse in Family Environments. A probabilistic sample of clusters including all eligible households (women aged 15-49 years, son/daughter OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de punição física grave de crianças/adolescentes em comunidade de baixa renda e examinar problemas de saúde mental nas crianças/adolescentes como um potencial fator associado. MÉTODO: Este trabalho é um estudo piloto brasileiro de corte transversal do World Studies of Abuse in Family Environments. Foi avaliada uma amostra probabilística de conglomerados, incluindo todos os domicílios elegíveis (mulheres de 15-49 anos, filho/filha < 18 anos. Uma dupla mãe-filho foi aleatoriamente selecionada por domicílio (n = 89; perda amostral = 11%. O desfecho clínico (punição física grave de crianças/adolescentes por mãe/pai foi definido como sacudir/chacoalhar (se < 2 anos, chutar, esganar, sufocar, queimar, espancar ou ameaçar com arma. Três grupos de potenciais fatores associados foram examinados: criança/adolescente (idade, sexo, problemas de saúde física/mental; Mãe (escolaridade, desemprego, problemas de saúde física/mental, punição severa na infância, violência conjugal; Pai (desemprego, embriaguez. Violência conjugal grave foi definida como chute, soco, espancamento ou uso/ameaça de uso de arma. Os seguintes questionários padronizados foram aplicados por entrevistadores treinados: World Studies of Abuse in Family Environments Core Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist, Self-Report Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: Prevalência do desfecho clínico foi de 10,1%. Modelos finais de regressão logística identificaram dois fatores associados: experiência materna de punição severa na inf

Conceptualization, Cognitive Process between Image and Word

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurel Ion Clinciu

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The study explores the process of constituting and organizing the system of concepts. After a comparative analysis of image and concept, conceptualization is reconsidered through raising for discussion the relations of concept with image in general and with self-image mirrored in body schema in particular. Taking into consideration the notion of mental space, there is developed an articulated perspective on conceptualization which has the images of mental space at one pole and the categories of language and operations of thinking at the other pole. There are explored the explicative possibilities of the notion of Tversky’s diagrammatic space as an element which is necessary to understand the genesis of graphic behaviour and to define a new construct, graphic intelligence.

Mental contrasting of a dieting wish improves self-reported health behaviour

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johannessen, Kim Berg; Oettingen, Gabriele; Mayer, Doris

2012-01-01

, they were directed to mentally contrast or indulge in thoughts and images about the named dieting wish. A control condition was given no directions. Two weeks after the experiment, dieters retrospectively rated their behaviour change: in the mental contrasting condition they reported having eaten relatively...... fewer calories overall, fewer high-calorie food and more low-calorie food compared to those in the indulging and control conditions, and they also reported having been more physically active. This transfer effect from one health domain to another suggests a more generalised effect of mental contrasting......Mentally contrasting a desired future with present reality standing in its way promotes commitment to feasible goals, whereas mentally indulging in a desired future does not. Dieting students (N¼134) reported their most important dieting wish that they deemed attainable within a 2-week period. Then...

Improvement of Mental Imagery after Prism Exposure in Neglect: A Case Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilles Rode

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Previous work has shown that various symptoms of unilateral neglect, including the pathological shift of the subjective midline to the right, may be improved by a short adaptation period to a prismatic shift of the visual field to the right. We report here the improvement of imagined neglect after prism exposure in a patient with a left unilateral neglect. Despite a strong neglect observed for mental images as well as for conventional tests, the mental evocation of left-sided information from an internal image of the map of France map was fully recovered following prism adaptation to the right. This improvement could not be explained by the alteration of visuomotor responses induced by the prism adaptation. Prism adaptation may therefore act not only on sensory-motor levels but also on a higher cognitive level of mental space representation and/or exploration.

"I can see clearly now": The effect of cue imageability on mental time travel

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Katrine Willemoes; Berntsen, Dorthe

2014-01-01

Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to mentally project oneself backward or forward in time, in order to remember an event from one’s personal past or to imagine a possible event in one’s personal future. Recent work has suggested that, although past and future MTT may rely on shared...

Repercussões otorrinolaringológicas do abuso de cocaína e/ou crack em dependentes de drogas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nassif Filho A.C.N.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available A prevalência de pacientes viciados em cocaína e/ou crack parece estar aumentando; portanto, o médico deve estar preparado para diagnosticar o uso de drogas. OBJETIVOS. Determinar se existem sinais típicos de uso de cocaína e/ou crack no trato respiratório superior ou na orofaringe em exame otorrinolaringológico comum. Orientar o médico no diagnóstico dos pacientes viciados nessas drogas. MÉTODOS. Foram estudados 18 pacientes viciados em cocaína e/ou crack, que estavam internados em clínica psiquiátrica, através de anamnese e exame otorrinolaringológico simples (rinoscopia anterior e orofaringoscopia. RESULTADOS. Foi impossível estabelecer uma correlação entre o tempo de uso, quantidade e freqüência no uso das drogas quanto aos sintomas e exame otorrinolaringológico. CONCLUSÃO. Devido à inespecíficidade no exame otorrinolaringológico do paciente viciado em cocaína e/ou crack, é necessário que o médico suspeite do abuso de drogas na história clínica; caso contrário, poderá não realizar este importante diagnóstico.

Mestre ou aprendiz: faces de um narrador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Antonio Ribas Hauck

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Narrar é, segundo Benjamim, uma forma de intercambiar experiências, e se direcionarmos nosso olhar para o sujeito dessa narrativa, o teremos em duas funções: ora como narrador mestre, ora como narrador aprendiz. Contar estórias é um instrumento útil para evitar o esquecimento e para provocar uma abertura de espaço para a criação. O presente artigo apresenta uma das inúmeras possíveis leituras sobre as estratégias utilizadas por Mia Couto, em Terra sonâmbula, na criação de sujeitos que narram, que contam estórias. Uma busca por esses narradores em trânsito, narradores flutuantes ou nômades. Sujeitos em constante ir e vir, transitando e destransitando entre mundos aparentemente paradoxais, mas que se encontram separados por uma tênue linha, que, a qualquer momento, pode fazer com que mestre e aprendiz troquem de campo e função, ou até mesmo exerçam ambas. Os dois aprendem estórias novas e contam estórias antigas em um ir-evir espaço-temporal. O comportamento desses narradores é marcado por viagens e mutações ininterruptas. Constituinte de uma literatura atravessada por elementos insólitos, em um trabalho minucioso com a linguagem e em constante diálogo com a tradição moçambicana, esse comportamento tornase referencial para a compreensão da história política e cultural do país.Palavras-chave: Narrador; Benjamin; Hibridismo; Oratura; Identidade.

Idioms and mental imagery: the metaphorical motivation for idiomatic meaning.

Science.gov (United States)

Gibbs, R W; O'Brien, J E

1990-07-01

We conducted three experiments to investigate the mental images associated with idiomatic phrases in English. Our hypothesis was that people should have strong conventional images for many idioms and that the regularity in people's knowledge of their images for idioms is due to the conceptual metaphors motivating the figurative meanings of idioms. In the first study, subjects were asked to form and describe their mental images for different idiomatic expressions. Subjects were then asked a series of detailed questions about their images regarding the causes and effects of different events within their images. We found high consistency in subjects' images of idioms with similar figurative meanings despite differences in their surface forms (e.g., spill the beans and let the cat out of the bag). Subjects' responses to detailed questions about their images also showed a high degree of similarity in their answers. Further examination of subjects' imagery protocols supports the idea that the conventional images and knowledge associated with idioms are constrained by the conceptual metaphors (e.g., the MIND IS A CONTAINER and IDEAS ARE ENTITIES) which motivate the figurative meanings of idioms. The results of two control studies showed that the conventional images associated with idioms are not solely based on their figurative meanings (Experiment 2) and that the images associated with literal phrases (e.g., spill the peas) were quite varied and unlikely to be constrained by conceptual metaphor (Experiment 3). These findings support the view that idioms are not "dead" metaphors with their meanings being arbitrarily determined. Rather, the meanings of many idioms are motivated by speakers' tacit knowledge of the conceptual metaphors underlying the meanings of these figurative phrases.

Violência na teoria psicanalítica: ruptura ou modalidade de laço social?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tania Coelho dos Santos

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Haverá uma teoria psicanalítica da violência? Basta associar aviolência à pulsão de morte para explicar o crescimento destefenômeno no laço social contemporâneo? Se nos baseamos na teorialacaniana dos discursos, a violência é um sintoma ou é a rupturado laço social? O crescimento desse fenômeno deve ser analisadoa partir dos efeitos do objeto “a” em posição de ideal de nossacivilização ou como o efeito da abolição do Real como impossívelque o discurso do capitalismo promove? Essas hipóteses sãoexcludentes ou devemos articular uma à outra? Nossa reflexãoressalta os efeitos subjetivos da disjunção entre os elementos emjogo na estrutura dos discursos, verdadeira causa de fenômenoscontemporâneos como a violência.

osteomyelite atypique ou centrale de la base du crane d'origine ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

à une infection des sinus paranasaux, à un traumatisme crâ- nien ou à une ... Les complications graves comme l'ostéomyélite devraient se produire plus .... crâniens. CONCLUSION. L'ostéomyélite d'origine sinusienne est une pathologie rare.

Introduction au traitement mathématique des images méthodes déterministes

CERN Document Server

Bergounioux, Maïtine

2015-01-01

Ce cours est une introduction au traitement d'image mathématique déterministe. Les principales problématiques en traitement et analyse d’image y sont présentées: débruitage/filtrage/restauration, segmentation, rehaussement/défloutage, ainsi qu’un aperçu de quelques techniques d’acquisition. Les méthodes mathématiques utilisées ont essentiellement déterministes : transformation de Fourier, ondelettes, équations aux dérivées partielles, morphologie mathématique et méthodes variationnelles. Quelques applications y sont brièvement présentées pour illustrer le propos : la stéganographie, la compression et l’inpainting (ou désocclusion). Le livre comprend également un rappel des principales notions mathématiques utilisées (il se veut auto-suffisant) et la bibliographie abondante doit permettre au lecteur d’approfondir les techniques qui l’intéressent. Cet ouvrage s’adresse à des étudiants de MASTER, élèves-ingénieurs ou chercheurs désireux de comprendre ou d’approfond...

Understanding mental distress in film and media: a new agenda?

Science.gov (United States)

Harper, Stephen

2008-07-01

This paper surveys some recent developments in media criticism and recent developments in film and media representations of mental distress. Focusing on a representations drawn from various forms of media, the paper argues that media and film images of mental distress are in many cases 'positive' and sympathetic, although they can also contain sexist, racist and other problematic elements that are not commonly identified by anti-stigma campaigners. It also suggests that while still valid in many ways, existing anti-stigma criticism tends to focus on a rather undifferentiated notion of 'violence to others' as the sole criterion against which media images are judged. Finally, the paper proposes that critics and campaigners pay closer attention to how the particular form or genre of any media text influences its treatment of psychological distress.

Proudhon, science ou métaphysique du travail

OpenAIRE

Lecerf , Eric

2008-01-01

La philosophie de Proudhon, même si elle trouve son concept essentiel dans la justice, est intégralement une philosophie du travail, non pas que le travail en constitue l'objet unique, mais car c'est en lui que les tensions du réel sont concrètement identifiables. C'est dans sa critique que l'agir humain se donne comme émancipation et/ou aliénation, autrement dit que la dialectique acquiert toute sa justification. La philosophie du travail de Proudhon donnera lieu à deux lectures opposées : c...

Perspectivas atuais sobre a sobrecarga do cuidador em saúde mental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucilene Cardoso

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre sobrecarga de cuidadores em saúde mental. Os trabalhos foram selecionados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS, utilizando-se as palavras-chaves: sobrecarga do cuidador (caregiver burden. Os principais critérios para este estudo foram: artigos completos, publicados entre 2000 e 2010, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol; indexados nas bases da BVS, que investigam a sobrecarga do cuidador em saúde mental, tendo cuidadores como assunto principal. Para análise foi considerado: o título, ano de publicação, objetivos, abordagem metodológica, instrumentos e principais resultados. A análise de 114 artigos na íntegra apontou como objetivos predominantes a sobrecarga entre os cuidadores informais e a validação de escalas psicométricas, destacando-se a Escala de Zarit. Alguns estudos apresentaram associação entre altos níveis de sobrecarga, ocorrência de sentimentos de culpa e sintomas depressivos. Em contrapartida indicaram intervenções psico-educacionais como positivas. Trata-se de uma temática com crescente interesse cientifico e necessidade de aprofundamento relacionado ao cuidador formal.

A false dichotomy? Mental illness and lone-actor terrorism.

Science.gov (United States)

Corner, Emily; Gill, Paul

2015-02-01

We test whether significant differences in mental illness exist in a matched sample of lone- and group-based terrorists. We then test whether there are distinct behavioral differences between lone-actor terrorists with and without mental illness. We then stratify our sample across a range of diagnoses and again test whether significant differences exist. We conduct a series of bivariate, multivariate, and multinomial statistical tests using a unique dataset of 119 lone-actor terrorists and a matched sample of group-based terrorists. The odds of a lone-actor terrorist having a mental illness is 13.49 times higher than the odds of a group actor having a mental illness. Lone actors who were mentally ill were 18.07 times more likely to have a spouse or partner who was involved in a wider movement than those without a history of mental illness. Those with a mental illness were more likely to have a proximate upcoming life change, more likely to have been a recent victim of prejudice, and experienced proximate and chronic stress. The results identify behaviors and traits that security agencies can utilize to monitor and prevent lone-actor terrorism events. The correlated behaviors provide an image of how risk can crystalize within the individual offender and that our understanding of lone-actor terrorism should be multivariate in nature.

Neuroimaging in Mental Health Care: Voices in Translation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emily L. Borgelt

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Images of brain function, popularly called neuroimages, have become a mainstay of contemporary communication about neuroscience and mental health. Paralleling media coverage of neuroimaging research and the high visibility of clinics selling scans is pressure from sponsors to move basic research about brain function along the translational pathway. Indeed, neuroimaging benefit mental health care with early or tailored intervention, opportunities for education and planning, and access to resources afforded by objectification of disorder. However, risks of premature technology transfer, such as misinterpretation, misrepresentation, and increased stigmatization, could compromise patient care.Stakeholder views on neuroimaging for mental health care are a largely untapped resource of information and guidance for translational efforts. We argue that the insights of key stakeholders – researchers, healthcare providers, patients, and families - have an essential role to play upstream in professional, critical, and ethical discourse about neuroimaging in mental health. Here we integrate previously orthogonal lines of inquiry involving stakeholder research to describe the translational landscape as well as challenges on its horizon.

Determination of the O/U ratio in uranium dioxide pellets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuvik, V.; Krtil, J.; Moravec, A.

1982-01-01

The potentiometric titration method for the determination of the O/U ratio in pellets is verified. The sample is dissolved in purified conc. phosphoric acid at increased pressure and temperature under argon atmosphere. U(VI) content is determined by bipotentiometric titration with ferrous ions. An automated recording of titration curves is performed. The precision and the accuracy of analysis are estimated. (author)

Adoecimento mental em professores brasileiros: revisão sistemática da literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liciane Diehl

2016-10-01

Full Text Available A saúde do professor é um tema que adquire crescente relevância científica, pois tal profissão é considerada como uma das mais estressantes. A presente revisão sistemática da literatura analisou produções científicas nacionais publicadas entre 2010 e 2015, com vista a identificar principais sintomas e/ou adoecimentos psíquicos entre professores brasileiros. Recorreu-se às bases LILACS, SciELO, Index Psicologia, Educ@ e PePSIC. Os critérios de elegibilidade e análise seguiram as diretrizes do PRISMA. Dos 97 artigos encontrados, 15 foram analisados, os quais indicaram interesse multidisciplinar pela temática, predominância de estudos descritivos e correlacionais e recorrência de investigações em escolas públicas e de Ensino Fundamental. O principal adoecimento mental investigado é a síndrome de burnout e os sintomas prevalentes foram o estresse e a ansiedade. Espera-se que esses resultados direcionem novas pesquisas e estimulem o planejamento de intervenções eficazes voltadas para a saúde mental de professores.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Mental Foramen Variations: A Preliminary Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheikhi, Mahnaz; Karbasi Kheir, Mitra; Hekmatian, Ehsan

2015-01-01

Background. Mental foramen is important in surgical operations of premolars because it transfers the mental nerves and vessels. This study evaluated the variations of mental foramen by cone-beam computed tomography among a selected Iranian population. Materials and Methods. A total number of 180 cone-beam computed tomography projections were analyzed in terms of shape, size, direction, and horizontal and vertical positions of mental foramen in the right and left sides. Results. The most common shape was oval, opening direction was posterior-superior, horizontal position was in line with second premolar, and vertical position was apical to the adjacent dental root. The mean of foremen diameter was 3.59 mm. Conclusion. In addition to the most common types of mental foramen, other variations exist, too. Hence, it reflects the significance of preoperative radiographic examinations, especially 3-dimensional images to prevent nerve damage

Effets des extraits ou de la poudre de Spirulina platensis et Jatropha ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juin 2015 ... générale, les extraits ou la poudre de Spirulina platensis ont eu des ... Mots clés: Biostimulant, croissance, Spirulina platensis, Jatropha curcas, Solanum lycopersicum .... Le test de ..... in antioxidant metabolites, enzymes, and.

Generalisation, decision making, and embodiment effects in mental rotation: A neurorobotic architecture tested with a humanoid robot.

Science.gov (United States)

Seepanomwan, Kristsana; Caligiore, Daniele; Cangelosi, Angelo; Baldassarre, Gianluca

2015-12-01

Mental rotation, a classic experimental paradigm of cognitive psychology, tests the capacity of humans to mentally rotate a seen object to decide if it matches a target object. In recent years, mental rotation has been investigated with brain imaging techniques to identify the brain areas involved. Mental rotation has also been investigated through the development of neural-network models, used to identify the specific mechanisms that underlie its process, and with neurorobotics models to investigate its embodied nature. Current models, however, have limited capacities to relate to neuro-scientific evidence, to generalise mental rotation to new objects, to suitably represent decision making mechanisms, and to allow the study of the effects of overt gestures on mental rotation. The work presented in this study overcomes these limitations by proposing a novel neurorobotic model that has a macro-architecture constrained by knowledge held on brain, encompasses a rather general mental rotation mechanism, and incorporates a biologically plausible decision making mechanism. The model was tested using the humanoid robot iCub in tasks requiring the robot to mentally rotate 2D geometrical images appearing on a computer screen. The results show that the robot gained an enhanced capacity to generalise mental rotation to new objects and to express the possible effects of overt movements of the wrist on mental rotation. The model also represents a further step in the identification of the embodied neural mechanisms that may underlie mental rotation in humans and might also give hints to enhance robots' planning capabilities. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Medidas judiciais atinentes à atenção em saúde mental de adolescentes em conflito com a lei

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Henrique Soares

Full Text Available Com base em uma pesquisa documental realizada na Vara da Infância e Juventude de São Paulo, que continha decisões judiciais determinando o encaminhamento de crianças e adolescentes usuários de substâncias psicoativas para tratamento no campo da saúde mental, este estudo objetivou analisar a orientação das decisões judiciais em relação ao modelo assistencial adotado nos casos concretos: o modelo psiquiátrico clássico ou o modelo de assistência proposto pela reforma psiquiátrica. Os resultados revelaram que, “a priori”, não há uma orientação assistencial definida, havendo a necessidade da análise do caso concreto, especialmente em relação a duas condições essenciais para a determinação do paradigma assistencial no campo da saúde mental adotado nas decisões judiciais: avaliação da esfera territorial dos pacientes e o conhecimento do específico serviço de saúde mental indicado para o tratamento.

Mental map and spatial thinking

Science.gov (United States)

Vanzella Castellar, Sonia Maria; Cristiane Strina Juliasz, Paula

2018-05-01

The spatial thinking is a central concept in our researches at the Faculty of Education of University of São Paulo (FE-USP). The cartography is fundamental to this kind of thinking, because it contributes to the development of the representation of space. The spatial representations are the drawings - mental maps - maps, chart, aerial photos, satellite images, graphics and diagrams. To think spatially - including the contents and concepts geographical and their representations - also corresponds to reason, defined by the skills the individual develops to understand the structure, function of a space, and describe your organization and relation to other spaces. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of mental maps in the development of concepts of city and landscape - structuring concepts for school geography. The purpose is to analyze how students in Geography and Pedagogy - future teachers - and young children in Early Childhood Education think, feel, and appropriate these concepts. The analys is indicates the importance of developing mental map in activities with pedagogy and geography graduate student to know that students at school can be producers of maps. Cartography is a language and allows the student to develop the spatial and temporal relationships and notions such as orientation, distance and location, learning the concepts of geographical science. Mental maps present the basic features of the location such as the conditions - the features verified in one place - and the connections that is to understand how this place connects to other places.

Le SIPAZ, ou journalisme pour la paix en Colombie | CRDI - Centre ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

15 juil. 2011 ... À la suite de ces attaques contre le milieu social et culturel du pays, un groupe ... le SIPAZ — Sistema de Comunicación para la Paz (ou Système de ... ont établi des directives pour la gestion des nouvelles dans un guide de ...

Visualizations and Mental Models - The Educational Implications of GEOWALL

Science.gov (United States)

Rapp, D.; Kendeou, P.

2003-12-01

Work in the earth sciences has outlined many of the faulty beliefs that students possess concerning particular geological systems and processes. Evidence from educational and cognitive psychology has demonstrated that students often have difficulty overcoming their na‹ve beliefs about science. Prior knowledge is often remarkably resistant to change, particularly when students' existing mental models for geological principles may be faulty or inaccurate. Figuring out how to help students revise their mental models to include appropriate information is a major challenge. Up until this point, research has tended to focus on whether 2-dimensional computer visualizations are useful tools for helping students develop scientifically correct models. Research suggests that when students are given the opportunity to use dynamic computer-based visualizations, they are more likely to recall the learned information, and are more likely to transfer that knowledge to novel settings. Unfortunately, 2-dimensional visualization systems are often inadequate representations of the material that educators would like students to learn. For example, a 2-dimensional image of the Earth's surface does not adequately convey particular features that are critical for visualizing the geological environment. This may limit the models that students can construct following these visualizations. GEOWALL is a stereo projection system that has attempted to address this issue. It can display multidimensional static geologic images and dynamic geologic animations in a 3-dimensional format. Our current research examines whether multidimensional visualization systems such as GEOWALL may facilitate learning by helping students to develop more complex mental models. This talk will address some of the cognitive issues that influence the construction of mental models, and the difficulty of updating existing mental models. We will also discuss our current work that seeks to examine whether GEOWALL is an

Les Parcs Industriels Fournisseurs ou le choix de la proximité géographique

OpenAIRE

Sonia Adam-Ledunois; Jérôme Guédon; Sophie Renault

2008-01-01

International audience; La proximité géographique est régulièrement présentée comme le remède à de nombreux maux, la solution à des relations distendues voire rompues, et cela tant sur un plan social qu'économique. Nombre de décisions ou démarches, civiles, politiques ou stratégiques, placent ainsi la proximité au cœur des dispositifs envisagés (emplois de proximité, police de proximité, fête des voisins, pôle de compétitivité, systèmes de production localisés, districts industriels, etc.). L...

Mental health and housing.

Science.gov (United States)

Kari-Koskinen, O; Karvonen, P

1976-01-01

With the present trend away from the designing of individual buildings and towards the systematic planning of whole residential communities, it should be possible to take mental health requirements into account at the planning stage. At present, sociologists are all too seldom consulted on matters of residential planning. When discussing the relationship between housing and mental health one cannot restrict oneself only to the external aspects of the house, but rather one must also consider the opportunities available for the members of the family to satisfy their own needs, both within the home and in its immediate surroundings. Factors which may affect residential requirements include geographical location, type and standard of dwelling and time and continuity of occupation. A move between two districts or groups representing different housing norms and values may lead to withdrawal symptoms in the individual. This may arise equally well from the remoteness of the country districts as from the conflicting pressures brought on by the abundance of contacts available in the large towns. Town life tends to heighten susceptibility to neuroses and personality conflicts. The character of a residential area may affect the mental health of its occupants. Faris & Dunham (4), in studying the incidence of various types of mental illness with an urban population, observed that schizophrenia was most common among people who were in some way isolated from social involvement. The striving for spaciousness in residential areas and the creation of a "summer city" or "garden city" image or a "family-centred way of life" may lead to unexpected problems and have a variety of social consequences. Mental health difficulties have been noted, for example, among housewives in "dormitory" towns or suburbs (11). The institutions required by a community may be grouped into four categories, representing the basic needs of its members. These are (1) economic institutions, (2) social and

Saberes e práticas do agente comunitário de saúde no universo do transtorno mental Knowledge and practices of the community health agent in the universe of mental disorder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Maria Mont'Alverne de Barros

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Esta investigação, de natureza qualitativa, objetivou conhecer os saberes e práticas do agente comunitário de saúde no universo do transtorno mental. Foram entrevistados catorze agentes que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Sobral, Ceará. Inferimos que a construção dos conceitos acerca do transtorno mental é um processo influenciado por fatores subjetivos e socioculturais e vinculado à vivência de experiências concretas. Os agentes comunitários de saúde utilizam diferentes parâmetros para conceituar uma pessoa com transtornos mentais, como padrões de normalidade ou anormalidade do comportamento e capacidade de realizar julgamentos de fato. O isolamento social emergiu como importante fator, tendo sido relatado, pelos diferentes sujeitos da pesquisa, como causa, conseqüência e como o próprio transtorno mental. O medo, como conseqüência da estranheza causada pelo comportamento das pessoas com transtornos mentais, foi identificado como um importante entrave à atuação dos agentes comunitários de saúde. As estratégias adotadas por estes profissionais, pautadas fundamentalmente no diálogo, revelam a preocupação com a inserção social e com a necessidade de envolvimento das famílias no cuidado das pessoas com transtornos mentais.This qualitative investigation aimed at collecting information about the knowledge and practices of the community health agents related to the universe of mental disorders. Fourteen agents working in the Family Health Program in Sobral, Ceará were interviewed. We deduced that the concepts of mental disorder are constructed in a process influenced by subjective and socio-cultural aspects and in connection with concrete experiences. The community health agents judge mentally disturbed persons on the basis of different criteria such as normal or abnormal behavior standards and the capacity to make judgments. Social isolation emerged as an important factor, considered by the different

Spatially distributed effects of mental exhaustion on resting-state FMRI networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Esposito, Fabrizio; Otto, Tobias; Zijlstra, Fred R H; Goebel, Rainer

2014-01-01

Brain activity during rest is spatially coherent over functional connectivity networks called resting-state networks. In resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, independent component analysis yields spatially distributed network representations reflecting distinct mental processes, such as intrinsic (default) or extrinsic (executive) attention, and sensory inhibition or excitation. These aspects can be related to different treatments or subjective experiences. Among these, exhaustion is a common psychological state induced by prolonged mental performance. Using repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions and spatial independent component analysis, we explored the effect of several hours of sustained cognitive performances on the resting human brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on the same healthy volunteers in two days, with and without, and before, during and after, an intensive psychological treatment (skill training and sustained practice with a flight simulator). After each scan, subjects rated their level of exhaustion and performed an N-back task to evaluate eventual decrease in cognitive performance. Spatial maps of selected resting-state network components were statistically evaluated across time points to detect possible changes induced by the sustained mental performance. The intensive treatment had a significant effect on exhaustion and effort ratings, but no effects on N-back performances. Significant changes in the most exhausted state were observed in the early visual processing and the anterior default mode networks (enhancement) and in the fronto-parietal executive networks (suppression), suggesting that mental exhaustion is associated with a more idling brain state and that internal attention processes are facilitated to the detriment of more extrinsic processes. The described application may inspire future indicators of the level of fatigue in the neural attention system.

Accessory mental foramen: A rare anatomical variation detected by cone-beam computed tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres, Marianna Guanaes Gomes; De Faro Valverde, Ludmila; Vidal, Manuela Torres Andion; Crusoe-Rebello, Ieda Margarida [Dept. of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador (Brazil)

2015-03-15

The mental foramen is a bilateral opening in the vestibular portion of the mandible through which nerve endings, such as the mental nerve, emerge. In general, the mental foramen is located between the lower premolars. This region is a common area for the placement of dental implants. It is very important to identify anatomical variations in presurgical imaging exams since damage to neurovascular bundles may have a direct influence on treatment success. In the hemimandible, the mental foramen normally appears as a single structure, but there are some rare reports on the presence and number of anatomical variations; these variations may include accessory foramina. The present report describes the presence of accessory mental foramina in the right mandible, as detected by cone-beam computed tomography before dental implant placement.

GENETIC DETERMINATIONS OF MENTALITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. V. Osadcha

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose. The article is devoted to clarifying the role of physicality and psycho-physical characteristics of a person as a preconditions of the mentality forming. It is conducted a retrospective analysis of discourse on the mentality, the history of the concept, its temporal characteristics and collective conditioning. The concept of mentality has been widely studied in various fields of socio-humanities such as: history, psychology, and even marginal context of scientific discourses, including the esoteric. This study attempted to analyse the mentality phenomenon through the prism of the concept of experience. Methodology. The concept of experience was acquired by essential justification through the representatives of the phenomenological approach - the late Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Bernhard Valdenfels. On the other hand the concept of mentality as a form of collective unconscious experience was entered to the scientific vocabulary by the representatives of the French historical science - M. Bloch, L. Febvre, J. Le Goff and others. At the intersection of these two methods, historical and phenomenological, the genetic method has been established – as a history of coverage and experience of internalization. Thanks to the application of genetic method the transition of phenomenon into the concept was examined. Novelty. The problem of change dynamics of mental phenomenon, in particular psycho-physical nature of a person, which has been only mentioned in F. Braudel works but has not received the adequate theoretical coverage, is analysed. To explain the practices of physicality and causality of this factor the action component of the cultural the overview of developments of such authors as V. Rozin (2005, M. Epstein (2005, N. Brunov (2003, A. Soares, M. Farhangmehr, A. Shoham (2007, D. Vaskul, F. Vannini Hospital (2012 was committed. Conclusions. The transition to paradoxical behaviour that is oriented on sign, and not on signalling

Learning Mathematics in a Visuospatial Format: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Mental Abacus Instruction

Science.gov (United States)

Barner, David; Alvarez, George; Sullivan, Jessica; Brooks, Neon; Srinivasan, Mahesh; Frank, Michael C.

2016-01-01

Mental abacus (MA) is a technique of performing fast, accurate arithmetic using a mental image of an abacus; experts exhibit astonishing calculation abilities. Over 3 years, 204 elementary school students (age range at outset: 5-7 years old) participated in a randomized, controlled trial to test whether MA expertise (a) can be acquired in standard…

Celulares pagos por empregadores: “benefício” ou “malefício”?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lúcia Cipriano

Full Text Available Ao longo do século XX, os espaços e horários destinados ao trabalho eram isolados daqueles destinados à vida pessoal, familiar ou ao lazer. Na contemporaneidade, no entanto, tornou-se comum atender telefonemas de trabalho nos mais variados locais fora do horário de expediente e até mesmo nas férias. Uma das razões para esse novo tipo de comportamento é a concessão, pelos empregadores, de celulares com contas pagas aos seus funcionários. A presente pesquisa procurou investigar quais são as reações desses funcionários. Para tanto, foram conduzidas entrevistas de perguntas abertas com ocupantes de cargos de níveis gerenciais em empresas particulares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi possível constatar uma ambivalência generalizada entre os entrevistados. Por um lado, eles consideram tal prática um “benefício”, porque também podem usar o celular da empresa para assuntos pessoais, o que representa uma boa economia. Por outro lado, no entanto, se ressentem da invasão, não remunerada ou previamente acordada, de seu tempo livre. Alguns chegam mesmo a se referir a essa concessão como um “malefício”, ou, ainda mais radicalmente, como uma nova forma de escravidão.

Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Deterministic Collective Excitations in an Atomic Ensemble

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jun; Zhou, Ming-Ti; Jing, Bo; Wang, Xu-Jie; Yang, Sheng-Jun; Jiang, Xiao; Mølmer, Klaus; Bao, Xiao-Hui; Pan, Jian-Wei

2016-10-01

We demonstrate deterministic generation of two distinct collective excitations in one atomic ensemble, and we realize the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between them. Using Rydberg blockade we create single collective excitations in two different Zeeman levels, and we use stimulated Raman transitions to perform a beam-splitter operation between the excited atomic modes. By converting the atomic excitations into photons, the two-excitation interference is measured by photon coincidence detection with a visibility of 0.89(6). The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference witnesses an entangled NOON state of the collective atomic excitations, and we demonstrate its two times enhanced sensitivity to a magnetic field compared with a single excitation. Our work implements a minimal instance of boson sampling and paves the way for further multimode and multiexcitation studies with collective excitations of atomic ensembles.

Culture and mental health of women in South-East Asia

Science.gov (United States)

NIAZ, UNAIZA; HASSAN, SEHAR

2006-01-01

This article reviews the impact of cultural factors on mental health of South Asian women. Marked gender discrimination in South Asia has led to second class status of women in society. Their mobility, work, self-esteem and self-image, in fact their worth and identity, seem to depend upon the male members of a patriarchal society. Women's lack of empowerment and both financial and emotional dependence have restricted their self-expression and choices in life. This, along with family, social and work pressures, has a definite impact on women's mental health. PMID:16946955

A oitava face do poeta: o amor natural - erotismo tardio ou alquimia do amor?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria de Santa-Cruz

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Amor natural e filosofia natural. Lembrança de algumas das faces conhecidas do Poeta. A face velada: O Amor natural e hipertextualidade ostentada ou apenas simbolizada – epígrafes e símbolos reiterados de substâncias arcanas em permanente transmutação (paródia ou homenagem à Alquimia?. Salomão, Platão, Ovídio, Camões e Blake. Metamorfoses e ritualização e mistérios da palavra e dos corpos amantes. Signos-símbolos medievais, renascentistas e neológicos. Onde e como o amor? Locus terrenus vs ilha dos amores. O fogo, o Sol, o Rei, o homem; a água, a Lua, a Rainha, a mulher. A Rosa. Fauna e flora: natureza animal do Sol (masc. e natureza vegetal da Lua (fem.. Caos e cosmologia. Gênese da obra e origem divina do amor. Conjunctio e androginia da filha (ou obra do poeta-filósofo. O ciclo do amor que leva à morte, purificação e júbilo e, de novo, à fermentação, fixação... e renascimento.

Ensaio de linguagem ou linguagem de ensaio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Duarte

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Este texto é um ensaio de linguagem, ou seja, um ensaio sobre a linguagem. Mas é, também, a investigação da linguagem do ensaio, isto é, do tipo de escrita que entra em jogo na forma de prosa que chamamos de ensaios. Para tanto, ele mobiliza autores como Heidegger e, principalmente, Walter Benjamin, Lukács e Adorno. Todos eles, porém, entram em cena no intuito de ajudar num estudo sobre a importância da linguagem no enfrentamento da situação contemporânea do pensamento, cuja problematização filosófica fica evidente a partir das dificuldades, por exemplo, de escrever uma tese acadêmica tradicional.

Renouvellement ou crise de l’imaginaire capitaliste?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolfe, Harald

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Cette contribution met en question l’imaginaire capitaliste : son noyau chez Castoriadis – maîtrise (pseudo- rationnelle, organisation bureaucratique – et ses métamorphoses contemporaines. On a parlé d’un "nouvel esprit du capitalisme" (Boltanski/Chiapello: organisation en réseau, des projets, autonomie relative du travail. Ces mutations de l’idéologie managériale et le développement correspondant de l’institution de l’organisation et du travail signifient-ils un véritable renouvellement de l’imaginaire capitaliste? Ou bien ces changements, avec leurs contradictions et leurs limites, sont-ils, au contraire, l’indice d’une crise profonde de la capacité d’innovation et de mobilisation des significations imaginaires sociales centrales du capitalisme?

Generation of oculomotor images during tasks requiring visual recognition of polygons.

Science.gov (United States)

Olivier, G; de Mendoza, J L

2001-06-01

This paper concerns the contribution of mentally simulated ocular exploration to generation of a visual mental image. In Exp. 1, repeated exploration of the outlines of an irregular decagon allowed an incidental learning of the shape. Analyses showed subjects memorized their ocular movements rather than the polygon. In Exp. 2, exploration of a reversible figure such as a Necker cube varied in opposite directions. Then, both perspective possibilities are presented. The perspective the subjects recognized depended on the way they explored the ambiguous figure. In both experiments, during recognition the subjects recalled a visual mental image of the polygon they compared with the different polygons proposed for recognition. To interpret the data, hypotheses concerning common processes underlying both motor intention of ocular movements and generation of a visual image are suggested.

Healing The Operational Environment: Encouraging Mental Health Help-Seeking Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

2016-02-10

environment, also referred to as work place environment. When combined with the existing commander’s mental health “ toolkit ” these changes will...self-image when asking for help and the military’s cultural image of the “warrior ethos,” concerns over impact to career , command climate, and the...confidentiality and career impacts are a significant concern for service members as well. Confidentiality and career impacts are concerns for Airmen who may

Mental imagery in emotion and emotional disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Holmes, Emily A; Mathews, Andrew

2010-04-01

Mental imagery has been considered relevant to psychopathology due to its supposed special relationship with emotion, although evidence for this assumption has been conspicuously lacking. The present review is divided into four main sections: (1) First, we review evidence that imagery can evoke emotion in at least three ways: a direct influence on emotional systems in the brain that are responsive to sensory signals; overlap between processes involved in mental imagery and perception which can lead to responding "as if" to real emotion-arousing events; and the capacity of images to make contact with memories for emotional episodes in the past. (2) Second, we describe new evidence confirming that imagery does indeed evoke greater emotional responses than verbal representation, although the extent of emotional response depends on the image perspective adopted. (3) Third, a heuristic model is presented that contrasts the generation of language-based representations with imagery and offers an account of their differing effects on emotion, beliefs and behavior. (4) Finally, based on the foregoing review, we discuss the role of imagery in maintaining emotional disorders, and its uses in psychological treatment. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

CNS changes in Usher's syndrome with mental disorder: CT, MRI and PET findings.

Science.gov (United States)

Koizumi, J; Ofuku, K; Sakuma, K; Shiraishi, H; Iio, M; Nawano, S

1988-01-01

CNS changes in a case of Usher's syndrome associated with schizophrenia-like mental disorder were observed by CT, MRI and PET. The neuro-radiological findings of the case demonstrate the degenerative and metabolic alterations in various regions of cortex, white matter and subcortical areas in the brain. Mental disorder of the case is almost indistinguishable from that of schizophrenia, but the psychotic feature is regarded as an atypical or mixed organic brain syndrome according to the classification in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). Images PMID:3264568

Mental Health and Mental Disorder Recommendation Programs.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruchiwit, Manyat

2017-12-01

The characteristic differences among the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries in terms of trade and investment, society and cultural values, medical information and technology, and the living and working environment have become major health problems in terms of mental disorders. The purpose of this article is to identify the gaps in those aspects, to propose mental health and mental disorder recommendation programs, and to recommend policies for policy makers and research investors. A comparative analysis and literature review of existing policy, including overviews of previous research were used to generate a synthesis of the existing knowledge of the mental health and mental disorder recommendation programs. The review results recommend mental health and mental disorder programs for policy makers, research investors, and stakeholders in order to strengthen the directions for implementing these programs in the future. The healthcare provision in each country will not be limited only to its citizens; the healthcare markets and target groups are likely to expand to the neighboring countries in the context of changes in domestic and international factors, which have both positive and negative impacts according to the political, economic, and social situations of the influencing countries.

Medical imaging was boosted by the discovery of artificial radioactivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demarthon, F.; Dupuy-Maury, F.; Donnars, O.

2002-01-01

This article draws the history of medical imaging since the discovery of artificial radioactivity in 1934. The author reviews the PET (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) technologies and presents the recent progress in neuro-sciences that have been made possible by using these 2 technologies. Brain imaging has allowed to show: - the impact of emotions on logical mental processes and on mental performances, - the management of memory in the brain of talented quick reckoners, - the degeneration of neurons, and - the link between autism and the presence of structural and functional anomalies in the brain. (A.C.)

Assessing mental imagery in clinical psychology: A review of imagery measures and a guiding framework

Science.gov (United States)

Pearson, David G.; Deeprose, Catherine; Wallace-Hadrill, Sophie M.A.; Heyes, Stephanie Burnett; Holmes, Emily A.

2013-01-01

Mental imagery is an under-explored field in clinical psychology research but presents a topic of potential interest and relevance across many clinical disorders, including social phobia, schizophrenia, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. There is currently a lack of a guiding framework from which clinicians may select the domains or associated measures most likely to be of appropriate use in mental imagery research. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach and present a review of studies across experimental psychology and clinical psychology in order to highlight the key domains and measures most likely to be of relevance. This includes a consideration of methods for experimentally assessing the generation, maintenance, inspection and transformation of mental images; as well as subjective measures of characteristics such as image vividness and clarity. We present a guiding framework in which we propose that cognitive, subjective and clinical aspects of imagery should be explored in future research. The guiding framework aims to assist researchers in the selection of measures for assessing those aspects of mental imagery that are of most relevance to clinical psychology. We propose that a greater understanding of the role of mental imagery in clinical disorders will help drive forward advances in both theory and treatment. PMID:23123567

Corrélats du bien-être chez les Canadiens présentant des troubles de l’humeur ou d'anxiété

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Orpana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction : Notre objectif visait à étudier les variables liées au bien-être, mesurées par une autoévaluation de la santé mentale (AESM très positive et une satisfaction élevée à l’égard de la vie (SV chez des adultes canadiens (âgés de 18 ans et plus présentant un trouble de l’humeur ou d'anxiété. Méthodologie : Nous avons utilisé des données nationales représentatives tirées de l’Enquête sur les personnes ayant une maladie chronique au Canada – Composante des troubles de l’humeur et d’anxiété (EPMCC-TAH de 2014 afin de décrire l’association entre bien-être et comportements d’autogestion (activité physique, sommeil et méditation ainsi que stress, adaptation et soutien social perçus. Nous avons eu recours à une régression logistique multivariée pour modéliser la relation entre ces facteurs et les mesures du bien-être. Résultats : Environ une personne sur trois atteinte d’un trouble de l’humeur ou d’anxiété a fait état d'une AESM positive. Les modèles de régression logistique ont révélé que plusieurs caractéristiques, comme un âge plus avancé, une autoévaluation de la santé générale positive, des limitations fonctionnelles moins nombreuses ainsi que la perception d’un moindre stress à l’égard de la vie, de meilleures capacités d’adaptation et d’un plus grand soutien social, étaient associées à des niveaux de bien-être plus élevés. Les comportements d’autogestion (entamer une activité physique, méditer, adopter de saines habitudes de sommeil et atteindre un certain nombre d’heures de sommeil chaque nuit n’étaient pas significativement associés à des mesures du bien-être dans notre modèle multivarié. Conclusion : Les adultes canadiens souffrant de troubles de l’humeur ou d'anxiété qui ont déclaré percevoir un niveau de stress plus faible, un plus grand soutien social et une meilleure capacité d’adaptation étaient plus susceptibles de

School Mental Health Resources and Adolescent Mental Health Service Use

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Jennifer Greif; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Alegría, Margarita; Costello, E. Jane; Gruber, Michael J.; Hoagwood, Kimberly; Leaf, Philip J.; Olin, Serene; Sampson, Nancy A,; Kessler, Ronald C.

2014-01-01

Objective Although schools are identified as critical for detecting youth mental disorders, little is known about whether the number of mental health providers and types of resources they offer influence student mental health service use. Such information could inform the development and allocation of appropriate school-based resources to increase service use. This paper examines associations of school resources with past-year mental health service use among students with 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders. Method Data come from the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a national survey of adolescent mental health that included 4,445 adolescent-parent pairs in 227 schools in which principals and mental health coordinators completed surveys about school resources-policies for addressing student emotional problems. Adolescents and parents completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and reported mental health service use across multiple sectors. Multilevel multivariate regression was used to examine associations of school mental health resources and individual-level service use. Results Roughly half (45.3%) of adolescents with a 12-month DSM-IV disorder received past-year mental health services. Substantial variation existed in school resources. Increased school engagement in early identification was significantly associated with mental health service use for adolescents with mild/moderate mental and behavior disorders. The ratio of students-to-mental health providers was not associated with overall service use, but was associated with sector of service use. Conclusions School mental health resources, particularly those related to early identification, may facilitate mental health service use and influence sector of service use for youths with DSM disorders. PMID:23622851

Photometabolism of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds by Rhodopseudomonas palustris OU 11

Science.gov (United States)

Sasikala, C.; Ramana, C. V.; Rao, P. Raghuveer

1994-01-01

Rhodopseudomonas palustris OU 11 (ATCC 51186; DSM 7375) isolated from a pond of chemical industry effluent could anaerobically photometabolize heterocyclic aromatic compounds belonging to the pyridine and pyrazine groups only after a period of adaptation on pyrazinoic acid of 5 to 6 weeks. Growth on heterocyclic compounds was light dependent. The effects of various concentrations of heterocyclic compounds on growth suggest that higher concentrations of these compounds inhibit growth and are toxic. PMID:16349307

Imagens no calor da hora ou a Fênix renascida da imagem documental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kati Caetano

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Apesar da freqüente discussão, tanto nos meios acadêmicos quanto nos midiáticos, envolvendo a crise da imagem documental, na esteira da propalada crise da cultura documental como um todo, não há como negar a proliferação de imagens e o incremento de uma produção assumida com esse propósito no universo das relações comunicacionais, seja ele impresso ou digital. Se, no domínio da arte, a ação hegemônica contemporânea consiste na desestabilização figurativa das imagens, do lado das mídias de produção massiva, afirma-se a sua estabilização como condição fundante do ato de documentar. Este trabalho não visa abordar as várias concepções de documental, porque parte do pressuposto de que esse aspecto se apresenta como resultado de estratégias figurativo-enunciativas de “fazer crer”, responsáveis por múltiplos regimes de sentido. De suas escolhas e agenciamentos decorrem modalidades interacionais amparadas na mediatez ou imediatez dos processos compreensivos, num sistema de valores condicionantes do ato comunicativo que coloca em evidência as funções prática, cognitiva, afetiva ou fiduciária (calcada em regimes de crença das mediações simbólicas. A questão mais geral que norteia o presente texto é indagar como as diferentes mídias, do fotográfico ao virtual, operam com essas imagens e que tipos de implicações comunicacionais promovem.

Observation of influences of mental health promotion and mental intervention on mental health status of professionals

OpenAIRE

Jiang, Shu-Qiang; Zhang, Jian-Ling

2015-01-01

Objective: To observe the influences of mental health promotion and mental intervention on mental health status of professionals. Method: 2878 professionals for physical examination were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 1443 professionals and 1435 professionals, respectively. Then, the difference of mental health status before and after mental intervention between two groups was compared. Results: In treatment group, the proportion of people with heal...

Maternidade e trabalho: direito ou dever?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena Almeida Gill

2013-07-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo pretende investigar a relação maternidade e trabalho entre 1940 e 1949 em Pelotas, levando em conta que a função maternal, na maior parte das vezes, se apresenta à mulher como algo inerente à sua condição humana. Como fonte para esta pesquisa, se lançou mão dos processos da Justiça do Trabalho da Comarca de Pelotas, acervo este salvaguardado pelo Núcleo de Documentação Histórica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. No intuito de contribuir para uma história das mulheres, foi realizado um levantamento quantitativo, no qual foram escolhidos para investigação somente os dissídios femininos. Sendo assim, se torna relevante analisar como era tratado o trabalho formal e as questões que envolvem a maternidade, entendida como gestação e cuidado com os filhos.

Desempenho de bezerros da raça holandesa com desaleitamento aos 28 ou 56 dias de idade, com ou sem aditivo à base de oligossacarídeo de manana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandi Décio

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Vinte e quatro bezerros da raça Holandesa foram utilizados num experimento com delineamento completamente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (desaleitamento aos 28 ou 56 dias, com ou sem a adição de oligossacarídio de manana à dieta, e seis repetições por tratamento. Não houve interação entre os fatores período de aleitamento e uso ou não de aditivo. O desaleitamento aos 28 dias, em comparação com 56 dias, resultou, aos 56 dias de idade, em menor peso final, menor ganho médio diário de peso, maior consumo de concentrado, menor consumo total de matéria seca e pior conversão alimentar. Não houve diferenças em relação às medidas corporais iniciais e finais de altura de cernelha, perímetro torácico e abdominal, embora o desaleitamento aos 28 dias tenha diminuído o ganho médio diário de perímetro torácico. Em um levantamento dos custos de alimentação, medicamentos e mão-de-obra veterinária, os animais desaleitados aos 28 dias apresentaram menor custo total individual e menor custo por kg de ganho de peso. O emprego do aditivo não afetou as dimensões corporais, porém resultou em maior ganho de peso, final e diário, e melhor conversão alimentar, reduzindo o custo médio por kg de ganho de peso.

Potenciais interações entre fármacos e produtos à base de valeriana ou alho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo F. Alexandre

Full Text Available Atualmente, as potenciais interações entre fármacos e plantas medicinais e/ou medicamentos fitoterápicos são objetos de inúmeros estudos. Tais estudos são motivados pelo fato de que a fitoterapia é amplamente utilizada em associação com diversos fármacos. Nesta revisão, as informações sobre as principais interações entre produtos elaborados com valeriana ou alho foram localizadas, avaliadas e sistematizadas. Verificou-se que tais plantas podem alterar os perfis farmacocinéticos e/ou farmacodinâmicos de diversos fármacos, podendo provocar conseqüências graves aos pacientes. A valeriana pode aumentar os efeitos adversos dos benzodiazepínicos, reduzir a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos metabolizados pelo sistema P450-CYP3A4 e provocar hemorragias graves quando utilizada juntamente com anticoagulantes orais e antiplaquetários. O alho pode aumentar a biodisponibilidade dos relaxantes musculares, potencializar os efeitos terapêuticos e adversos dos hipoglicemiantes, provocar hemorragias quando administrado juntamente com anticoagulantes orais e antiplaquetários e reduzir a biodisponibilidade dos anti-retrovirais inibidores de protease. Porém, tais potenciais interações não são consensos na literatura, visto que há limitações metodológicas e diferenças significativas entre os estudos localizados. Mesmo assim, o uso de produtos à base de valeriana ou alho, associado com determinados fármacos, deve ser adequadamente monitorado por um profissional da área da saúde.

Investigating Adolescent Stress and Body Image

Science.gov (United States)

Murray, Kristen M.; Byrne, Don G.; Rieger, Elizabeth

2011-01-01

Adolescent stress is clearly implicated in the development of mental health problems. However, its role in dysfunctional body image, which rises markedly in adolescence, has not been investigated. The present study examined the link between stress and body image, as well as self-esteem and depressive symptoms, in 533 high school students in grades…

Familias con deficiencia mental educable: riesgo y salud familiar Familias com deficiências mentais educáveis: riscos e saúde familiar Families with educable mental deficiencies: Risks and family health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria S Urbano Franco

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El conocimiento de la familia es esencial para su cuidado, máxime si algunos de sus miembros requieren de protección permanente porque sufren Deficiencia Mental Educable (DME. Objetivo: Determinar el Riesgo Familiar Total (RFT y el Grado de Salud Familiar (GSF de las familias con uno o más miembros con DME, de un Centro Educativo Distrital de Bogotá, 2007-2009. Esta investigación se apoya en las teorías de Riesgo Familiar Total de Amaya y Organización Sistémica de Friedemann. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, con n = 129 familias evaluadas con los instrumentos: "Riesgo Familiar Total: RFT: 6-69" y "Grado de Salud Familiar ISF: GEN-25" de Amaya. Resultados: Se encontraron 77% de familias nucleares (nucleares o nucleares modificadas en proporciones parecidas, con 66 % de sus miembros dependientes por edad o DME. El RFT calificó a las familias amenazadas en un 22% de la muestra y riesgo alto de 2%. El ISF: GEN-25 mostró que el 21% fueron clasificadas como familias organizadas, 34% como poco organizadas y 28% como poco satisfechas, aunque 43% mostraban que eran altamente organizadas, solo 27% estaban satisfechas. Conclusión: Por los riesgos descritos, la baja organización o la poca satisfacción, las familias requieren apoyo inmediato para mitigar los riesgos y asesoría de Enfermería en Salud Mental para mejorar la organización y satisfacción. Paralelamente, todas las familias, por su particularidad asociada con la presencia de DME, requieren de cuidado permanente y asesoría para cubrir las demandas de protección contra amenaza de crisis.Oconhecimento da família é essencial para seu cuidado, principalmente quando algum dos membros dela requer proteção permanente por causa de uma Deficiência Mental Educável (DME. Objetivo: Determinar o Risco Familiar Total (RTF e o Grau de Saúde Familiar (GSF das famílias que têm dois ou mais membros com DME, de um Centro Educacional Distrital de Bogotá, 2007-2009. Esta

The mental health of Korean immigrants in São Paulo, Brazil Saúde mental dos imigrantes coreanos em São Paulo, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sam Kang

2009-04-01

: transtornos de ansiedade, 13% (transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, 9,6%; transtornos do humor, 8,6%; transtornos somatoformes, 7,4%; transtornos dissociativos, 4,9%; transtornos psicóticos, 4,3%; transtornos alimentares, 0,6%; transtornos decorrentes de substâncias (álcool, tabaco ou drogas, 23,1%. A freqüência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos na vida, excluindo-se os decorrentes de álcool e tabaco, foi de 26,2%. Os imigrantes coreanos apresentam mais transtornos psiquiátricos do que a população coreana na Coréia, especialmente transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, e uma taxa semelhante à encontrada na população brasileira. As autoridades de saúde mental devem promover uma integração mais saudável por meio de programas culturalmente sensíveis aos imigrantes coreanos.

Mental Imagery, Text Illustrations, and Children's Story Comprehension and Recall.

Science.gov (United States)

Gambrell, Linda B.; Jawitz, Paula Brooks

1993-01-01

Investigates the effects of instructions to induce mental imagery and attend to text illustrations on fourth graders' reading comprehension and recall of narrative text. Finds that images and illustrations independently enhanced reading performance and that, in combination, these two strategies resulted in impressive increases in children's…

Representation of Mental Health on the Screen – an Obstacle for Deinstitutialisation

OpenAIRE

Petra Kovačec; Nika Merc

2012-01-01

The article deals with the presentation of mental health in the mass media. Taking into consideration that the image of the world is also created by mass media, among which the television is still prevalent despite the popularity of the internet, we decided to show how the media present people with mental health problems and how it interprets the process called deinstitutionalisation. The focus was on ten films in individual historical periods and set several minor theses. These refer to t...

Mental Health staff views on improving burnout and mental toughness

OpenAIRE

Posner, Zoe; Janssen, Jessica; Roddam, Hazel

2017-01-01

Purpose- Burnout in mental health staff is acknowledged as a major problem. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of mental health staff views on improving burnout and mental toughness in mental health staff.\\ud Design/methodology/approach-Ten participants from two mental health rehabilitation units across the North West of England took part in a Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Participants consisted of mental health workers from varied roles in order to\\ud capture views from a...

Osteomyelite atypique ou centrale de la base du crane d'origine ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction : L'ostéomyélitede la base du crâne esttypiquement secondaire à une otite externe nécrosante chez des patients âgés, diabétiques. Elle atteint l'os temporal et est habituellement due au pseudomonasaeruginosa. Dans sa forme atypique, l'ostéomyélite atteint les os sphénoïdal ou occipital sans otite externe ...

Image of Enemy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Galster, Kjeld

2004-01-01

ABSRTACT Galster, Kjeld Hald. MA (War Studies). Royal Military College of Canada. May 2004. Image of Enemy: A Naturalistic or an Expressionistic Picture. Supervisor: Dr. Michael Roi. Societies at war rely on perceptions and preconceptions of their enemies. In many ways, the perceptions are shaped......, et peut-être des guerres. D’être capable de prédire les décisions et les actions de l’ennemi, ainsi éliminant complètement l’incertitude, il faut pénétrer à l’intérieur du cerveau adverse. Cela n’arrivera toutefois pas dans un avenir rapproché – ou peut-être jamais du tout....

Significance of mental health legislation for successful primary care for mental health and community mental health services: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Ayano, Getinet

2018-03-29

 Mental health legislation (MHL) is required to ensure a regulatory framework for mental health services and other providers of treatment and care, and to ensure that the public and people with a mental illness are afforded protection from the often-devastating consequences of mental illness.  To provide an overview of evidence on the significance of MHL for successful primary care for mental health and community mental health servicesMethod: A qualitative review of the literature on the significance of MHL for successful primary care for mental health and community mental health services was conducted.  In many countries, especially in those who have no MHL, people do not have access to basic mental health care and treatment they require. One of the major aims of MHL is that all people with mental disorders should be provided with treatment based on the integration of mental health care services into the primary healthcare (PHC). In addition, MHL plays a crucial role in community integration of persons with mental disorders, the provision of care of high quality, the improvement of access to care at community level. Community-based mental health care further improves access to mental healthcare within the city, to have better health and mental health outcomes, and better quality of life, increase acceptability, reduce associated social stigma and human rights abuse, prevent chronicity and physical health comorbidity will likely to be detected early and managed.  Mental health legislation plays a crucial role in community integration of persons with mental disorders, integration of mental health at primary health care, the provision of care of high quality and the improvement of access to care at community level. It is vital and essential to have MHL for every country.

Quantification of the effect of in-situ generated uranium metal on the experimentally determined O/U ratio of a sintered uranium dioxide fuel pellet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Narasimha Murty, B.; Bharati Misra, U.; Yadav, R.B.; Srivastava, R.K.

2005-01-01

This paper describes quantitatively the effect of in-situ generated uranium metal (that could be formed due to the conducive manufacturing conditions) in a sintered uranium dioxide fuel pellet on the experimentally determined O/U ratio using analytical methods involving dissolution of the pellet material. To quantify the effect of in-situ generated uranium metal in the fuel pellet, a mathematical expression is derived for the actual O/U ratio in terms of the O/U ratio as determined by an experiment involving dissolution of the material and the quantity of uranium metal present in the uranium dioxide pellet. The utility of this derived mathematical expression is demonstrated by tabulating the calculated actual O/U ratios for varying amounts of uranium metal (from 5 to 95% in 5% intervals) and different O/U ratio values (from 2.001 to 2.015 in 0.001 intervals). This paper brings out the necessity of care to be exercised while interpreting the experimentally determined O/U ratio and emphasizes the fact that it is always safer to produce the nuclear fuel with oxygen to uranium ratios well below the specified maximum limit of 2.015. (author)

Perceptual-cognitive changes during motor learning: The influence of mental and physical practice on mental representation, gaze behavior, and performance of a complex action

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cornelia eFrank

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Despite the wealth of research on differences between experts and novices with respect to their perceptual-cognitive background (e.g., mental representations, gaze behavior, little is known about the change of these perceptual-cognitive components over the course of motor learning. In the present study, changes in one’s mental representation, quiet eye behavior, and outcome performance were examined over the course of skill acquisition as it related to physical and mental practice. Novices (N = 45 were assigned to one of three conditions: physical practice, physical practice plus mental practice, and no practice. Participants in the practice groups trained on a golf putting task over the course of three days, either by repeatedly executing the putt, or by both executing and imaging the putt. Findings revealed improvements in putting performance across both practice conditions. Regarding the perceptual-cognitive changes, participants practicing mentally and physically revealed longer quiet eye durations as well as more elaborate representation structures in comparison to the control group, while this was not the case for participants who underwent physical practice only. Thus, in the present study, combined mental and physical practice led to both formation of mental representations in long-term memory and longer quiet eye durations. Interestingly, the length of the quiet eye directly related to the degree of elaborateness of the underlying mental representation, supporting the notion that the quiet eye reflects cognitive processing. This study is the first to show that the quiet eye becomes longer in novices practicing a motor action. Moreover, the findings of the present study suggest that perceptual and cognitive adaptations co-occur over the course of motor learning.

'Flash-forwards' and suicidal ideation: A prospective investigation of mental imagery, entrapment and defeat in a cohort from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Ng, Roger M K; Di Simplicio, Martina; McManus, Freda; Kennerley, Helen; Holmes, Emily A

2016-12-30

'Flash-forwards' - mental images of suicide - have been reported in selected Caucasian samples. Perceptions of defeat and entrapment are considered to be associated with suicidal ideation. We aimed to investigate (1) the presence of suicidal flash-forwards in people with recent suicidal ideation versus those without such ideation in an Asian sample, and (2) associations between suicidal flash-forwards, and perceptions of entrapment accounting for suicidal ideation. Eighty two suicidal and 80 non-suicidal participants from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey completed questionnaires including suicidal ideation, presence of suicidal flash-forward images, defeat and entrapment, at baseline and seven weeks later. Suicidal 'flash-forwards' were present only in suicidal cases. People with recent suicidal ideation and suicidal flash-forwards had more severe suicidal ideation than those without flash-forwards. Compared to those without suicidal ideation, people with recent suicidal ideation reported higher entrapment and defeat levels. Resolution of suicidal ideation over time was associated with fewer suicidal flash-forwards and reduced entrapment perceptions. At baseline and seven weeks, suicidal ideation was predicted by an interaction between suicidal flash-forwards presence and perceptions of entrapment. Mental imagery of suicide appears to be associated with suicidal ideation, and may represent a novel target in suicidal risk assessment and prevention. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Systèmes d'information sanitaire ou santé sexuelle et reproductive ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

23 mai 2017 ... Systèmes d'information sanitaire ou santé sexuelle et reproductive des adolescents en Afrique de l'Ouest. Appel. Propositions. Programme(s) ... Sujet(s). Systèmes de santé, ADOLESCENTS, SANTÉ REPRODUCTIVE, DROITS EN MATIERE DE PROCREATION. Durée. 36 à 48 mois. Financée par. CRDI ...

Long-term effects of conservative treatment of Milwaukee brace on body image and mental health of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Misterska, Ewa; Głowacki, Jakub; Głowacki, Maciej; Okręt, Adam

2018-01-01

We aimed to provide a complex assessment of adult females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after a minimum of 23 years after completed Milwaukee brace treatment. In the present study, a comparison between healthy female and AIS patients' perception of trunk disfigurement, self-image, mental health, pain level and everyday activity was made. Thirty AIS patients with a mean of 27.77 yrs (SD 3.30) after the treatment were included in the study. The control group consisted of 42 females, matching the age profile of the patient group. Study participants from both groups were examined using the same protocol, except for the radiological evaluation. Patients and healthy controls completed the Polish versions of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) and Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ). Patients additionally filled the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity (BSSQ-Deformity) and Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace (BSSQ-Brace). The study group's SAQ results differ significantly in regard to the total score and all individual domains, indicating better functioning among healthy controls. Except for the General domain (p = 0.002), among the remaining subscales the study group's results differed significantly at p<0.001. Considering SRS-22 results, it was revealed that the patient group scored higher, signaling better functioning with reference to pain level (p = 0.016), function/activity (p<0.001) and the total score (p<0.001). The findings add to the complexity of long-term effect evaluations of AIS, particularly amongst females treated with a Milwaukee brace. Long-term results were not conclusive in terms of nonverbal assessment of body image and emotional tension regarding the experiences of brace-wearing. Future patients can be reassured that scoliosis treated conservatively does not negatively affect everyday activity, pain level, childbearing and mental health. Subjects who declared to have psychological problems due to scoliosis had a

Long-term effects of conservative treatment of Milwaukee brace on body image and mental health of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ewa Misterska

Full Text Available We aimed to provide a complex assessment of adult females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS after a minimum of 23 years after completed Milwaukee brace treatment. In the present study, a comparison between healthy female and AIS patients' perception of trunk disfigurement, self-image, mental health, pain level and everyday activity was made. Thirty AIS patients with a mean of 27.77 yrs (SD 3.30 after the treatment were included in the study. The control group consisted of 42 females, matching the age profile of the patient group. Study participants from both groups were examined using the same protocol, except for the radiological evaluation. Patients and healthy controls completed the Polish versions of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22 and Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ. Patients additionally filled the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity (BSSQ-Deformity and Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace (BSSQ-Brace. The study group's SAQ results differ significantly in regard to the total score and all individual domains, indicating better functioning among healthy controls. Except for the General domain (p = 0.002, among the remaining subscales the study group's results differed significantly at p<0.001. Considering SRS-22 results, it was revealed that the patient group scored higher, signaling better functioning with reference to pain level (p = 0.016, function/activity (p<0.001 and the total score (p<0.001. The findings add to the complexity of long-term effect evaluations of AIS, particularly amongst females treated with a Milwaukee brace. Long-term results were not conclusive in terms of nonverbal assessment of body image and emotional tension regarding the experiences of brace-wearing. Future patients can be reassured that scoliosis treated conservatively does not negatively affect everyday activity, pain level, childbearing and mental health. Subjects who declared to have psychological problems due to scoliosis

[Dangerous states and mental health disorders: perceptions and reality].

Science.gov (United States)

Tassone-Monchicourt, C; Daumerie, N; Caria, A; Benradia, I; Roelandt, J-L

2010-01-01

Image of Madness was always strongly linked with the notion of "dangerousness", provoking fear and social exclusion, despite the evolution of psychiatric practices and organisation, and the emphasis on user's rights respect. Mediatization and politicization of this issue through news item combining crime and mental illness, reinforce and spread out this perception. This paper presents a review of the litterature on social perceptions associating "dangerousness", "Insanity" and "mental illness", available data about the link between "dangerous states" and "psychiatric disorders", as well as the notion of "dangerousness" and the assessment of "dangerous state" of people suffering or not from psychiatric disorders. MAPPING OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS: The French Survey "Mental Health in General Population: Images and Realities (MHGP)" was carried out between 1999 and 2003, on a representative sample of 36.000 individuals over 18 years old. It aims at describing the social representations of the population about "insanity/insane" and "mental illness/mentally ill". The results show that about 75% of the people interviewed link "insanity" or "mental illness" with "criminal or violent acts". Young people and those with a high level of education more frequently categorize violent and dangerous behaviours in the field of Mental illness rather than in that of madness. CORRELATION BETWEEN DANGEROUS STATE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: in the scientific literature, all experts reject the hypothesis of a direct link between violence and mental disorder. Besides, 2 tendencies appear in their conclusions: on one hand, some studies establish a significative link between violence and severe mental illness, compared with the general population. On the other hand, results show that 87 to 97% of des aggressors are not mentally ills. Therefore, the absence of scientific consensus feeds the confusion and reinforce the link of causality between psychiatric disorders and violence. OFFICIAL

Cinematic Orientalism: Bab el Oued City & The Time that Remains

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Volkan Yücel

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on orientalism as a cinematic paradigm in Islamic imagination. We compare two movies, “Bab el Oued City” (1994 and “The Time That Remains” (2009 that present different cases with regard to orientalism, fundamentalism and gender. We identify basic characters, their agency and roles in the whole setting. Our main argument about the movies, though originating from different contexts and historicity, is that they present somewhat conflicting cases with regard to issues we named above.

The association between parental images and satisfaction in intimate relationships in a Northern Finland sample.

Science.gov (United States)

Kiviniemi, Annukka Auni Inkeri; Wasz-Höckert, Ole; Seitamo, Leila Kaarina; Joskitt, Leena Orvokki; Heikkinen, Hanna Pauliina; Moilanen, Irma Kaarina; Ebeling, Hanna Elina

2011-04-01

Experiences in one's family of origin, especially the relationship to one's parents, supposedly form the basis of relationships in adulthood. The connection between traumatic childhood events and later life has been studied intensively, whereas average childhood growth experiences have been given less attention. The aim of this study was to find out the association between images of the mother and father and the psychosocial well-being of young adults from the perspective of satisfaction in intimate relationships. Cross-sectional study. The research is a part of the Oulu University Hospital Mother-Child Follow-up Study 1971-1972. The follow-up data were collected from the young adults (n=337) in 2000 by way of mailed questionnaires, which included 17 questions about the participants' images of their parents and 18 questions about their intimate relationship satisfaction. In this study we used attachment theory as a theoretical frame of reference. Mental images of dominating parents were associated with quarrelsome intimate relationships, and the image of a dominating father, with repressive/submissive and less balanced relationships. Mental images of diligent and sociable parents were associated with a loving and balanced relationship, and the image of supportive parents, with a balanced relationship. Parental diligence was associated with a less quarrelsome relationship. The young adults' mental images of their parents were associated with their intimate relationship satisfaction. Positive mental images of the father, in particular, seemed to protect young adults from a quarrelsome and repressive/submissive intimate relationship.

Fatores influenciadores na decisão de produzir ou comprar: um estudo no sistema agroindustrial da cana

OpenAIRE

Consoli, Marcelo Henrique

2007-01-01

Dentre inúmeras maneiras possíveis para as empresas organizarem suas atividades e definirem suas fontes de obtenção de recursos, destaca-se duas formas polares, são elas: produzir internamente ou comprar no mercado. Dessa maneira, a opção por uma dessas formas ou até mesmo a opção por uma forma híbrida, define o grau de integração vertical adotada pela empresa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo levantar e classificar quais são os principais fatores considerados pelos gestores ...

Association between Social Anxiety and Visual Mental Imagery of Neutral Scenes: The Moderating Role of Effortful Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jun Moriya

2018-01-01

Full Text Available According to cognitive theories, verbal processing attenuates emotional processing, whereas visual imagery enhances emotional processing and contributes to the maintenance of social anxiety. Individuals with social anxiety report negative mental images in social situations. However, the general ability of visual mental imagery of neutral scenes in individuals with social anxiety is still unclear. The present study investigated the general ability of non-emotional mental imagery (vividness, preferences for imagery vs. verbal processing, and object or spatial imagery and the moderating role of effortful control in attenuating social anxiety. The participants (N = 231 completed five questionnaires. The results showed that social anxiety was not necessarily associated with all aspects of mental imagery. As suggested by theories, social anxiety was not associated with a preference for verbal processing. However, social anxiety was positively correlated with the visual imagery scale, especially the object imagery scale, which concerns the ability to construct pictorial images of individual objects. Further, it was negatively correlated with the spatial imagery scale, which concerns the ability to process information about spatial relations between objects. Although object imagery and spatial imagery positively and negatively predicted the degree of social anxiety, respectively, these effects were attenuated when socially anxious individuals had high effortful control. Specifically, in individuals with high effortful control, both object and spatial imagery were not associated with social anxiety. Socially anxious individuals might prefer to construct pictorial images of individual objects in natural scenes through object imagery. However, even in individuals who exhibit these features of mental imagery, effortful control could inhibit the increase in social anxiety.

Association between Social Anxiety and Visual Mental Imagery of Neutral Scenes: The Moderating Role of Effortful Control.

Science.gov (United States)

Moriya, Jun

2017-01-01

According to cognitive theories, verbal processing attenuates emotional processing, whereas visual imagery enhances emotional processing and contributes to the maintenance of social anxiety. Individuals with social anxiety report negative mental images in social situations. However, the general ability of visual mental imagery of neutral scenes in individuals with social anxiety is still unclear. The present study investigated the general ability of non-emotional mental imagery (vividness, preferences for imagery vs. verbal processing, and object or spatial imagery) and the moderating role of effortful control in attenuating social anxiety. The participants ( N = 231) completed five questionnaires. The results showed that social anxiety was not necessarily associated with all aspects of mental imagery. As suggested by theories, social anxiety was not associated with a preference for verbal processing. However, social anxiety was positively correlated with the visual imagery scale, especially the object imagery scale, which concerns the ability to construct pictorial images of individual objects. Further, it was negatively correlated with the spatial imagery scale, which concerns the ability to process information about spatial relations between objects. Although object imagery and spatial imagery positively and negatively predicted the degree of social anxiety, respectively, these effects were attenuated when socially anxious individuals had high effortful control. Specifically, in individuals with high effortful control, both object and spatial imagery were not associated with social anxiety. Socially anxious individuals might prefer to construct pictorial images of individual objects in natural scenes through object imagery. However, even in individuals who exhibit these features of mental imagery, effortful control could inhibit the increase in social anxiety.

Bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health in young people.

Science.gov (United States)

Landstedt, Evelina; Persson, Susanne

2014-06-01

To investigate the factors associated with exposure to in-real-life (IRL) bullying, cyberbullying, and both IRL and cyberbullying and to explore the relationship between these types of bullying and mental health among 13-16-year-old Swedish boys and girls. Data was derived from a cross-sectional web-based study of 13-16-year-old students in northern Sweden (n=1214, response rate 81.9%). The combination of IRL- and cyberbullying was the most common type of bullying. A non-supportive school environment and poor body image were related to exposure to bullying for both genders but the relationship was more distinct in girls. All types of bullying were associated with depressive symptoms in both boys and girls and all forms of bullying increased the likelihood of psychosomatic problems in girls. Cyberbullying can be seen as an extension of IRL bullying. A combination of IRL- and cyberbullying seems to be particularly negative for mental health. Interventions should focus on improved school environment and body image as well as anti-violence programmes. Gender aspects of bullying need to be acknowledged. © 2014 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.

Contradictions In Mental Health: Stigma, Mental Health Literacy And Disclosure (Or Not Of A Mental Disorder Diagnosis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

manuel torres cubeiro

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Mental illnesses affect 25% of any given population. The literacy of human population about mental health doesn’t not much the scientific knowledge available about Mental disorders (MDs. Developed countries invest in mental health less than their 9% of their GDPs. There is a contradiction, or discrepancy, between the incidence of MD in human population and how human societies react about them. This discrepancy has long been evident in the literature of medical sociology. In this article we analyze three medical sociology related concepts that have been coined to understand this contradiction: first, mental health literacy; second, stigma of mental ailments; and finally, the disclosure (or not of the diagnosis of a mental illness. With this article we try to solve short use of these concepts in medical sociology in Spanish.

Decoding subjective mental states from fMRI activity patterns

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tamaki, Masako; Kamitani, Yukiyasu

2011-01-01

In recent years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoding has emerged as a powerful tool to read out detailed stimulus features from multi-voxel brain activity patterns. Moreover, the method has been extended to perform a primitive form of 'mind-reading,' by applying a decoder 'objectively' trained using stimulus features to more 'subjective' conditions. In this paper, we first introduce basic procedures for fMRI decoding based on machine learning techniques. Second, we discuss the source of information used for decoding, in particular, the possibility of extracting information from subvoxel neural structures. We next introduce two experimental designs for decoding subjective mental states: the 'objective-to-subjective design' and the 'subjective-to-subjective design.' Then, we illustrate recent studies on the decoding of a variety of mental states, such as, attention, awareness, decision making, memory, and mental imagery. Finally, we discuss the challenges and new directions of fMRI decoding. (author)

Determination of hemispheric dominance with mental rotation using functional transcranial Doppler sonography and FMRI.

Science.gov (United States)

Hattemer, Katja; Plate, Annika; Heverhagen, Johannes T; Haag, Anja; Keil, Boris; Klein, Karl Martin; Hermsen, Anke; Oertel, Wolfgang H; Hamer, Hajo M; Rosenow, Felix; Knake, Susanne

2011-01-01

the aim of this study was to investigate specific activation patterns and potential gender differences during mental rotation and to investigate whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) lateralize hemispheric dominance concordantly. regional brain activation and hemispheric dominance during mental rotation (cube perspective test) were investigated in 10 female and 10 male healthy subjects using fMRI and fTCD. significant activation was found in the superior parietal lobe, at the parieto-occipital border, in the middle and superior frontal gyrus bilaterally, and the right inferior frontal gyrus using fMRI. Men showed a stronger lateralization to the right hemisphere during fMRI and a tendency toward stronger right-hemispheric activation during fTCD. Furthermore, more activation in frontal and parieto-occipital regions of the right hemisphere was observed using fMRI. Hemispheric dominance for mental rotation determined by the 2 methods correlated well (P= .008), but did not show concordant results in every single subject. the neural basis of mental rotation depends on a widespread bilateral network. Hemispheric dominance for mental rotation determined by fMRI and fTCD, though correlating well, is not always concordant. Hemispheric lateralization of complex cortical functions such as spatial rotation therefore should be investigated using multimodal imaging approaches, especially if used clinically as a tool for the presurgical evaluation of patients undergoing neurosurgery. Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Neuroimaging.

Representation of Mental Health on the Screen – an Obstacle for Deinstitutialisation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petra Kovačec

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the presentation of mental health in the mass media. Taking into consideration that the image of the world is also created by mass media, among which the television is still prevalent despite the popularity of the internet, we decided to show how the media present people with mental health problems and how it interprets the process called deinstitutionalisation. The focus was on ten films in individual historical periods and set several minor theses. These refer to the connection of mental health with the film genre, to the handling of users according to the gender, to the medical or social way of dealing with such a topic to the terms used and also to the means of expression, connected to mental health. It is a fact that awareness of the influence of mass media on the audience is insufficient. The mass media help shape the world and create differences and also use films to create a wrong impression about mental health, which is too quickly internalised by the viewers.

Rebelle De Fatou Keita Ou le Combat Feminin Contre la Patriarchie ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le combat féministe est un sujet d'actualité dans une Afrique toujours gouvernée par des systèmes phallocentriques qui emprisonnent la femme ou l'enterrent dans la misère. L'écriture, parmi d'autres moyens, est une arme par excellence utilisée dans le combat contre le système patriarcal. L'écrivaine féministe s'en sert ...

Concepts of mental health and care according to mentally-ill patients and their relatives Concepciones sobre enfermedad mental y atención según enfermos mentales y sus familiares Concepções sobre doença mental e assistência segundo doentes mentais e seus familiares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Lucia Mendiondo Osinaga

2005-06-01

características sociodemográficas e clínicas de doentes mentais e seus familiares; 2 analisar suas concepções sobre doença mental e assistência psiquiátrica. Aplicou-se a Escala de Medida de Opinião (EMO. Foram realizadas análises quantitativas e qualitativas dos dados. Os 104 sujeitos constituem-se em 35 portadores e 69 familiares (n=104. As provas estatísticas foram o teste de Mann-Whitney, comparando duas populações independentes (Portadores x Familiares, e o Teste de Wilcoxon, comparando duas populações relacionadas (Conceito e Assistência. Houve homogeneidade na distribuição dos escores dos sujeitos tanto para Conceito como para Assistência. Portanto, não houve questões que se sobressaíssem ou que se concentrassem em nenhum dos dois grupos. O perfil dos sujeitos retrata a transição da assistência manicomial para experiências inovadoras, embora haja a concentração dos tratamentos medicamentosos e a dependência da instituição psiquiátrica.

Examining Teacher Mental Models for the Implementation of a STEM-Focused Curriculum Paradigm in Engineering and Technology Education

Science.gov (United States)

Kerr, Janel M.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of mental models in Idaho's Engineering and Technology Education teachers' in decision making when faced with major curriculum changes. Senge (1990) defined mental models as, "deeply ingrained assumptions, generalizations, or even pictures or images that influence how we understand the world…

Teacher Candidate Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy

Science.gov (United States)

Dods, Jennifer

2016-01-01

Providing teacher candidates with a strong foundation in mental health literacy during their teacher education program is crucial in ensuring novice teachers are prepared to support the mental health needs of their students. In addition to responding to students, teacher candidates are typically at an age when mental health disorders are common…

SITUATION OF FLUORIDES RATE IN WATERS AND MAJOR CONSUMED FOOD IN WILAYA EL-OUED

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Zobeidi

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The effects of mineral salts in the drinking water, beneficial or harmful depending on their concentration, are known for many years and thus the problem posed                     by fluoride ions in the waters of the region (Fluorosis Dental and skeletal. This                  study proposes, the estimated daily intake of fluoride from its water distribution and           the main food consumed per capita in the region of El-Oued (dates, tea,                          couscous, lentils, carrots, potatoes, pumpkin ..., which has a significant content of fluoride in their composition. In addition to the arid climatic conditions, the air temperature is very high in summer, leads to a strong human perspiration. This preliminary result leads us to propose a standard fluoride-specific region of El-Oued. The results showed that the majority of water samples and analyzed the main foods of the region of El-Oued is charged fluoride ions and exceed the maximum dose recommended for adults from 0.05 to 0.07 mg / kg / day.

Action en santé mentale au travail et syndicalisme québécois : l'expérience de représentants syndicaux

OpenAIRE

Deslauriers, Jean-Simon

2016-01-01

Dans certains milieux syndicaux québécois, des initiatives porteuses destinées à prévenir les problèmes de santé mentale au travail ont vu le jour. Des représentants syndicaux pionniers ont mis en place des structures d’entraide opérantes, obtenu des jurisprudences importantes et développé des approches innovantes pour corriger ou bonifier l’organisation du travail, et ce depuis plus de trois décennies. Alors que la montée de l’idéologie néolibérale et les principes d’organisation du travail ...

Brain imaging and schizophrenia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinot, J.L.; Dao-Castellana, M.H.

1991-01-01

Brain structures and brain function have been investigated by the new brain imaging techniques for more than ten years. In Psychiatry, these techniques could afford a new understanding of mental diseases. In schizophrenic patients, CAT scanner and RMI pointed out statistically significant ventricular enlargments which are presently considered as evidence for abnormalities in brain maturation. Functional imaging techniques reported metabolic dysfunctions in the cortical associative areas which are probably linked to the cognitive features of schizophrenics [fr

Ambientes inclusivo e exclusivo no processo ensino-aprendizagem de pessoas com deficiência mental em aulas de educação física

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ianik Lemishka

2010-10-01

Full Text Available É questão de interesse no cenário educacional mundial avançar no dilema estabelecido acerca das implicações da organização de ambientes inclusivo (que propõem o atendimento simultâneo de alunos com e sem deficiência e exclusivo(composto apenas por alunos com algum tipo de deficiência no desenvolvimento de processos ensino-aprendizagem. Desse modo, o presente estudo objetivou analisar o processo ensino-aprendizagem, em aulas de Educação Física, de movimentos básicos do Tae-Kwon-Do em ambientes exclusivo e inclusivo de atendimento a alunos que apresentam deficiência mental. Participaram da pesquisa descritiva seis alunos de uma escola especial com deficiência mental e 26 alunos de uma escola regular. Ao longo do primeiro semestre letivo de 2007, os alunos com deficiência mental foram submetidos a aulas alternadas em ambiente exclusivo e inclusivo. Os resultados encontrados indicam não haver diferença na resposta motora dos alunos da escola especial, quer no ambiente exclusivo quer no ambiente inclusivo. Mais do que discutir se o atendimento educacional de alunos com deficiência mental deve ocorrer em ambiente inclusivo ou exclusivo, importa aprimorar a organização do ambiente de aprendizagem para que eles realmente aprendam. Palavras-chave: Inclusão Escolar. Educação Física. Deficiência Mental.

Mental Illness

Science.gov (United States)

... the same time. For example, you may have depression and a substance use disorder. Complications Mental illness is a leading cause of disability. Untreated mental illness can cause severe emotional, behavioral and physical health problems. Complications sometimes linked to mental illness include: ...

O CONHECIMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL: PRODUTO OU PROCESSO?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia de Sá Freire

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetiva compreender como uma empresa pode mapear e identificar com mais precisão e agilidade o conhecimento visto que este é construido na mente humano, bem como gerenciá-lo de maneira a diminuir os riscos da sua transferência e integração entre pessoas, entre sistemas ou entre pessoas e sistemas. Para tal, foi elaborado o estado da arte sobre o termo “conhecimento”, entendendo seus processos com base em uma pesquisa qualitativa mediante revisão sistemática da literatura que levou a um amplo levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Os resultados alcançados por esta pesquisa apresentam a origem e evolução dos significados do termo, descreve o seu processo de construção na mente humana; a epistemologia disciplinar; alcança o posicionamento do conhecimento enquanto ativo organizacional e, finalmente entende o novo conceito conhecimento como um dos elementos intangíveis do capital intelectual, descortinando o caminho para atender ao objetivo deste estudo.

A saúde mental infantil na Saúde Pública brasileira: situação atual e desafios Child mental health and Public Health in Brazil: current situation and challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cristina Ventura Couto

2008-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a situação atual de desenvolvimento da política pública brasileira de saúde mental infantil e juvenil, com foco nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-juvenil e na rede intersetorial potencial de atenção à saúde mental infantil e juvenil que engloba outras políticas relacionadas à criança e ao adolescente em âmbito nacional. MÉTODO: Análise de publicações e dados oficiais do governo brasileiro sobre a implantação e/ou distribuição de serviços públicos nacionais relacionados à criança e ao adolescente. RESULTADOS: A política brasileira de saúde mental infantil e juvenil tem como ação central a implementação de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil para atendimento dos casos de transtornos mentais que envolvem prejuízos funcionais severos e persistentes. Existe uma rede intersetorial potencial de cuidado que pode se efetivar com a articulação das ações específicas de saúde mental infantil e juvenil nos setores da saúde geral/atenção básica, educação, assistência social e justiça/direitos. Esta articulação será de grande importância para o atendimento de problemas mais freqüentes, que envolvem prejuízos mais pontuais. DISCUSSÃO: No Brasil, o incremento do sistema de cuidados depende da expansão da rede de serviços de saúde mental infantil e juvenil, dos mais aos menos especializados, e de sua articulação efetiva com outros setores públicos dedicados ao cuidado da infância e adolescência.OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze current developments in the Brazilian child and adolescent mental health public policy, focusing on the Centers for Psychosocial Care for Children and Adolescents and in a potential child and adolescent mental health care system, derived from other child and adolescent public policies in the national context. METHOD: Examination of publications and official data produced by the Brazilian government about the implementation

Vulnérabilité des familles dirigées par une mère adolescente ou jeune adulte faisant l'objet d'une enquête menée par un service de protection de l'enfance au Canada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Hovdestad

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction : Les familles avec une jeune mère sont associées à un risque accru de mauvais traitements envers les enfants et de problèmes sociaux et de santé. Méthodologie : Une analyse du chi carré effectuée sur des données combinées des services de protection de l'enfance issues de l'Étude canadienne sur l'incidence des signalements de cas de violence et de négligence envers les enfants (ECI-2003 et ECI-2008 a permis de comparer 284 mères adolescentes (18 ans et moins et 800 jeunes mères (19 à 21 ans et leurs familles à 5 752 familles avec une mère de 22 ans ou plus. Résultats : Vingt-six pour cent des jeunes mères avaient 18 ans ou moins. La plupart recevaient de l'aide sociale comme principale source de revenu (68 % des familles avec une mère adolescente et 57 % des familles avec une mère jeune adulte contre 36 % des familles avec une mère de 22 ans ou plus. Les mères adolescentes et les mères jeunes adultes étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir été placées dans leur enfance que les mères de 22 ans ou plus (31 % et 23 % contre 10 % et présentaient plus fréquemment des facteurs de risque tels que l'alcoolisme (25 % et 23 % contre 18 % ou un manque de soutien social (46 % et 41 % contre 37 %. Les pourvoyeurs secondaires de soins dans les familles avec de jeunes mères étaient aussi associés à un plus grand nombre de facteurs de risque. Les familles de mères adolescentes ou jeunes adultes couraient un risque plus élevé de décision de placement de l'enfant pendant l'enquête (29 % et 27 % contre 17 %. Les mères couraient toutes le même risque d'être victimes de violence familiale et de présenter des problèmes de santé mentale. Conclusion : Dans cet échantillon de familles à risque élevé, les risques étaient plus importants pour les familles avec de jeunes mères que pour les familles auxquelles on les avait comparées. Le jeune âge de la mère pourrait être un bon critère pour repérer les

IMAGENS NO CALOR DA HORA OU A FÊNIX RENASCIDA DA IMAGEM DOCUMENTAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kati Caetano

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Apesar da freqüente discussão, tanto nos meios acadêmicos quanto nos midiáticos, envolvendo a crise da imagem documental, na esteira da propalada crise da cultura documental como um todo, não há como negar a proliferação de imagens e o incremento de uma produção assumida com esse propósito no universo das relações comunicacionais, seja ele impresso ou digital. Se, no domínio da arte, a ação hegemônica contemporânea consiste na desestabilização figurativa das imagens, do lado das mídias de produção massiva, afirma-se a sua estabilização como condiçãofundante do ato de documentar. Este trabalho não visa abordar as várias concepções de documental, porque parte do pressuposto de que esse aspecto se apresenta como resultado de estratégias figurativo-enunciativas de “fazer crer”, responsáveis por múltiplos regimes de sentido. De suas escolhas e agenciamentos decorrem modalidades interacionais amparadas na mediatez ou imediatez dos processos compreensivos, num sistema de valores condicionantes do ato comunicativo que coloca em evidência as funções prática, cognitiva, afetiva ou fiduciária (calcada em regimes de crençadas mediações simbólicas. A questão mais geral que norteia opresente texto é indagar como as diferentes mídias, do fotográfico ao virtual, operam com essas imagens e que tipos de implicações comunicacionais promovem.

Heuristics and Cognitive Error in Medical Imaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Itri, Jason N; Patel, Sohil H

2018-05-01

The field of cognitive science has provided important insights into mental processes underlying the interpretation of imaging examinations. Despite these insights, diagnostic error remains a major obstacle in the goal to improve quality in radiology. In this article, we describe several types of cognitive bias that lead to diagnostic errors in imaging and discuss approaches to mitigate cognitive biases and diagnostic error. Radiologists rely on heuristic principles to reduce complex tasks of assessing probabilities and predicting values into simpler judgmental operations. These mental shortcuts allow rapid problem solving based on assumptions and past experiences. Heuristics used in the interpretation of imaging studies are generally helpful but can sometimes result in cognitive biases that lead to significant errors. An understanding of the causes of cognitive biases can lead to the development of educational content and systematic improvements that mitigate errors and improve the quality of care provided by radiologists.

Group differences in mental health: a role for culture in neuropsychiatry

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Crafa, Daina; Nagel, Saskia Kathi; Nagel, Saskia K.

2014-01-01

There is a need to diversify mental health research that uses brain imaging. Currently, this research almost exclusively includes participants from the 'Western' world, a majority of whom are Caucasian (Henrich et al, 2010a; 2010b). In light of studies from cultural neuroscience, which use brain

Desensitizing Addiction: Using Eye Movements to Reduce the Intensity of Substance-Related Mental Imagery and Craving.

Science.gov (United States)

Littel, Marianne; van den Hout, Marcel A; Engelhard, Iris M

2016-01-01

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. During this treatment, patients recall traumatic memories while making horizontal eye movements (EM). Studies have shown that EM not only desensitize negative memories but also positive memories and imagined events. Substance use behavior and craving are maintained by maladaptive memory associations and visual imagery. Preliminary findings have indicated that these mental images can be desensitized by EMDR techniques. We conducted two proof-of-principle studies to investigate whether EM can reduce the sensory richness of substance-related mental representations and accompanying craving levels. We investigated the effects of EM on (1) vividness of food-related mental imagery and food craving in dieting and non-dieting students and (2) vividness of recent smoking-related memories and cigarette craving in daily smokers. In both experiments, participants recalled the images while making EM or keeping eyes stationary. Image vividness and emotionality, image-specific craving and general craving were measured before and after the intervention. As a behavioral outcome measure, participants in study 1 were offered a snack choice at the end of the experiment. Results of both experiments showed that image vividness and craving increased in the control condition but remained stable or decreased after the EM intervention. EM additionally reduced image emotionality (experiment 2) and affected behavior (experiment 1): participants in the EM condition were more inclined to choose healthy over unhealthy snack options. In conclusion, these data suggest that EM can be used to reduce intensity of substance-related imagery and craving. Although long-term effects are yet to be demonstrated, the current studies suggest that EM might be a useful technique in addiction treatment.

Pre-Service Teachers' Concept Images on Fractal Dimension

Science.gov (United States)

Karakus, Fatih

2016-01-01

The analysis of pre-service teachers' concept images can provide information about their mental schema of fractal dimension. There is limited research on students' understanding of fractal and fractal dimension. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the pre-service teachers' understandings of fractal dimension based on concept image. The…

CONTINUIDADE E/OU RUPTURA: A REFORMA GERENCIAL DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA NA ERA LULA

OpenAIRE

Giorgio Forgiarini

2013-01-01

Pretende-se com o presente trabalho tratar sobre o padrão de racionalidade incorporado à Administração Pública brasileira pela reforma gerencial, iniciada pelo Presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso e, principalmente, sobre a sua continuidade ou não durante os mandatos de seu opositor e sucessor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2005 e 2006-2009). Para a elaboração do trabalho, traçou-se, num primeiro momento, a partir do método da revisão bibliográfica, um escorço histórico acerca dos diferente...

Do biogenetic causal beliefs reduce mental illness stigma in people with mental illness and in mental health professionals? A systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Larkings, Josephine S; Brown, Patricia M

2018-06-01

Viewing mental illness as an 'illness like any other' and promoting biogenetic causes have been explored as a stigma-reduction strategy. The relationship between causal beliefs and mental illness stigma has been researched extensively in the general public, but has gained less attention in more clinically-relevant populations (i.e. people with mental illness and mental health professionals). A systematic review examining whether endorsing biogenetic causes decreases mental illness stigma in people with mental illness and mental health professionals was undertaken using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Multiple databases were searched, and studies that explored the relationship between biogenetic causal beliefs and mental illness stigma in people with mental illness or mental health professionals were considered. Studies were included if they focussed on depression, schizophrenia, or mental illness in general, were in English, and had adult participants. The search identified 11 journal articles reporting on 15 studies, which were included in this review. Of these, only two provided evidence that endorsing biogenetic causes was associated with less mental illness stigma in people with mental illness or mental health professionals. The majority of studies in the present review (n = 10) found that biogenetic causal beliefs were associated with increased stigma or negative attitudes towards mental illness. The present review highlights the lack of research exploring the impacts of endorsing biogenetic causes in people with mental illness and mental health professionals. Clinical implications associated with these results are discussed, and suggestions are made for further research that examines the relationship between causal beliefs and treatment variables. © 2017 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

Buen Vivir Andino: Resistência e/ou alternativa ao modelo hegemônico de desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klaus Pereira da Silva

Full Text Available Resumo Este ensaio teórico problematiza a ética do Buen Vivir como forma de resistência e/ou alternativa ao modelo hegemônico de desenvolvimento que tem sido disseminado e implementado por organizações internacionais e corporações. Após a declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os direitos indígenas, em 2007 (MAMANI, 2010, o Buen Vivir alcançou status oficial nas Constituições do Equador e da Bolívia. O Buen Vivir é uma visão de mundo distinta da ordem internacional liberal institucionalizada no pós-II Guerra Mundial; fundamenta-se nas noções de cosmovisão relacional e pluriverso (ESCOBAR, 2011, multiverso (MAMANI, 2010 ou ecosofia andina (ESTERMANN, 2013, enunciados no Sul e subalternizados por mais de cinco séculos de colonialidade. Com base nestas noções, o ensaio enfatiza a importância de repensar, segundo uma abordagem decolonial, o papel desempenhado pelos Estados e organizações governamentais internacionais no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento local. A análise crítica da literatura sugere a existência de múltiplas visões acerca do desenvolvimento que devem ser debatidas no âmbito de estudos organizacionais.

Latino Mental Health

Science.gov (United States)

... How Do Mental Health Conditions Affect the Latino Community? Common mental health disorders among Latinos are generalized anxiety disorder , major ... quality care. Lack of Information and Misunderstanding about Mental Health Overall, the Latino community does not talk about mental health issues. There ...

Spontaneous mentalizing during an interactive real world task: an fMRI study.

Science.gov (United States)

Spiers, Hugo J; Maguire, Eleanor A

2006-01-01

There are moments in everyday life when we need to consider the thoughts and intentions of other individuals in order to act in a socially appropriate manner. Most of this mentalizing occurs spontaneously as we go about our business in the complexity of the real world. As such, studying the neural basis of spontaneous mentalizing has been virtually impossible. Here we devised a means to achieve this by employing a unique combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a detailed and interactive virtual reality simulation of a bustling familiar city, and a retrospective verbal report protocol. We were able to provide insights into the content of spontaneous mentalizing events and identify the brain regions that underlie them. We found increased activity in a number of regions, namely the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, the medial prefrontal cortex and the right temporal pole associated with spontaneous mentalizing. Furthermore, we observed the right posterior superior temporal sulcus to be consistently active during several different subtypes of mentalizing events. By contrast, medial prefrontal cortex seemed to be particularly involved in thinking about agents that were visible in the environment. Our findings show that it is possible to investigate the neural basis of mentalizing in a manner closer to its true context, the real world, opening up intriguing possibilities for making comparisons with those who have mentalizing problems.

RPPN, ECO TURISMO, POPULAÇÕES TRADICIONAIS E/OU RESIDENTES: DILEMAS DE UMA POLÍTICA DE ÁREAS PARTICULARES PROTEGIDAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isis Maria Cunha Lustosa

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo versa sobre a (UC Unidade de Conservação– (RPPN Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural e oEcoturismo como elementos de discussão – se há porparte da legislação de áreas protegidas particulares ocompromisso do reconhecimento das populações tradicionaise/ou residentes, bem como da efetiva participaçãodestas na conservação da natureza em RPPN tomando-se como base artigos do Decreto nº 1922/05.06.1996e da Lei nº 9.985/18.07.2000 do (SNUC Sistema Nacionalde Unidades de Conservação, o qual, insere a RPPNcomo área protegida oficial de propriedade particular reconhecidapelo (IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro de RecursosNaturais Renováveis, em âmbito federal, ou por órgãosestaduais do meio ambiente. Essa área é reconhecidatotal ou parcial por decisão do proprietário, permanecena sua posse e domínio com gravame de perpetuidade.O IBAMA considera que a RPPN proteja os recursosambientais pela relevância da sua biodiversidade, peloaspecto paisagístico ou por características ambientaisque justifiquem sua recuperação, concebendo-a atividadesque julgam não interferir negativamente na biodiversidade– a educação ambiental, os projetos científicose o turismo ecológico. Ou: a RPPN é mais um espaçoemergente em prol da turistificação de área protegidacriada na ideologia do ecoturismo?

‘Choses Virtuelles. Les Objects Matériels Perdus Ou Trouvés Dans Les Études De Transfert Culturel’

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Broomans, Pieternella; Andringa, Kim; Harry, Frédérique; Mareuge, Agathe; Terrisse, Bénédicte

2015-01-01

Petra Broomans s’attache à deux figures de médiateurs culturels, Constant Jacob Hansen et Philippine Wijsman, pour mettre en lumière le rôle joué par la perte ou la découverte de matériel – concret ou virtuel – dans les études de transfert culturel. L’attention portée au matériel permet de les

Os nexos entre concepção do processo saúde/doença mental e as tecnologias de cuidados Los nexos entre la concepción del proceso salud/enfermedad mental y las tecnologías de cuidado Connections between health/mental illness process comprehension and care technologies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luisa Aranha e Silva

2003-12-01

Full Text Available A história da humanidade vem inscrevendo convenções sobre doença e tratamento, numa dialética mediada pelas condições materiais e objetivas onde práticas em saúde podem ser identificadas. No campo da saúde mental, podem ser identificados conceitos de adoecimento psíquico e as terapêuticas operadas nos diferentes períodos de desenvolvimento político e econômico e da organização da sociedade humana, dos primórdios à idade contemporânea. Este artigo propõe uma aproximação dos nexos entre a compreensão do processo saúde-doença mental e as formas de tratar, referidos aos dados contextos históricos onde se inscreveram ou se inscrevem, além de buscar o sentido das práticas e sua significação social atual.La historia de la humanidad inscribiendo convenciones sobre enfermedad y tratamiento, en una dialéctica mediada por las condiciones materiales y objetivas donde prácticas en salud pueden identificarse. En el campo de la salud mental pueden ser identificados conceptos de padecimientos psíquicos y terapéuticos, operados en los diferentes períodos de desarrollo político y económico en la organización de la sociedad humana, desde los primeros tiempos hasta la época contemporánea. Este artículo propone una aproximación de los nexos entre la comprensión del proceso salud-enfermedad mental y las formas de tratarlo, referidos a los contextos históricos dados donde se inscribieron o se inscriben, y buscar el sentido de las prácticas y su actual significado social.The history of humanity has registered conventions about illness and treatment, in a dialectics that is mediated by material and objective conditions, where health practices can be identified. In the field of mental health, conceptions of psychic sickening and therapeutics can be identified in different periods of political and economic development and in the organization of human society, since the origin of times to the contemporary period. This article

Transformation of children's mental health services: the role of school mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Stephan, Sharon Hoover; Weist, Mark; Kataoka, Sheryl; Adelsheim, Steven; Mills, Carrie

2007-10-01

The New Freedom Commission has called for a transformation in the delivery of mental health services in this country. The commission's report and recommendations have highlighted the role of school mental health services in transforming mental health care for children and adolescents. This article examines the intersection of school mental health programs and the commission's recommendations in order to highlight the role of school mental health in the transformation of the child and adolescent mental health system. Schools are uniquely positioned to play a central role in improving access to child mental health services and in supporting mental health and wellness as well as academic functioning of youths. The New Freedom Commission report articulated several goals related to school mental health: reducing stigma, preventing suicide, improving screening and treating co-occurring disorders, and expanding school mental health programs. The authors suggest strategies for change, including demonstrating relevance to schools, developing consensus among stakeholders, enhancing community mental health-school connections, building quality assessment and improvement, and considering the organizational context of schools.

Stigma and Mental Illness: Investigating Attitudes of Mental Health and Non-Mental-Health Professionals and Trainees

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Allison L.; Cashwell, Craig S.

2010-01-01

The authors explored attitudes toward adults with mental illness. Results suggest that mental health trainees and professionals had less stigmatizing attitudes than did non-mental-health trainees and professionals. Professionals receiving supervision had higher mean scores on the Benevolence subscale than did professionals who were not receiving…

Pacientes com desordem de consciência: respostas vitais, faciais e musculares frente música ou mensagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Claudia Giesbrecht Puggina

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: comparar sinais vitais, expressão facial e sinais eletroneurográfi cos basais com medidas durante os estímulos música, mensagem ou “silêncio” em pacientes em coma, estado vegetativo ou sedado e relacionar a pontuação da Escala de Resultado de Glasgow com a intervenção realizada. Método: ensaio Clínico Controlado Transversal Unicego para o pesquisador. A alocação foi aleatória nos três grupos (experimental música, experimental mensagem ou controle. Foram realizadas duas avaliações (sessões com intervalo de 40 minutos no mesmo dia. Resultados: a maioria dos 76 pacientes eram homens, entre 18 e 36 anos e internados por trauma. Encontraram-se alterações estatisticamente signifi cantes nas variáveis temperatura, expressão facial, eletroneurografi a e Escala de Resultado de Glasgow; alterações mais frequentes na sessão 2, nos pacientes em coma e estado vegetativo, no músculo frontal e no grupo experimental. Conclusões: a expressão facial e a eletroneurografi a parecem ser variáveis mais confi áveis do que os sinais vitais para mensurar consciência.

Pacientes com desordem de consciência: respostas vitais, faciais e musculares frente música ou mensagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Claudia Giesbrecht Puggina

Full Text Available Objetivos: comparar sinais vitais, expressão facial e sinais eletroneurográfi cos basais com medidas durante os estímulos música, mensagem ou “silêncio” em pacientes em coma, estado vegetativo ou sedado e relacionar a pontuação da Escala de Resultado de Glasgow com a intervenção realizada. Método: ensaio Clínico Controlado Transversal Unicego para o pesquisador. A alocação foi aleatória nos três grupos (experimental música, experimental mensagem ou controle. Foram realizadas duas avaliações (sessões com intervalo de 40 minutos no mesmo dia. Resultados: a maioria dos 76 pacientes eram homens, entre 18 e 36 anos e internados por trauma. Encontraram-se alterações estatisticamente signifi cantes nas variáveis temperatura, expressão facial, eletroneurografi a e Escala de Resultado de Glasgow; alterações mais frequentes na sessão 2, nos pacientes em coma e estado vegetativo, no músculo frontal e no grupo experimental. Conclusões: a expressão facial e a eletroneurografi a parecem ser variáveis mais confi áveis do que os sinais vitais para mensurar consciência.

Les oasis de l'Oued Noun : dégradation du milieu naturel et perspectives de développement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

EL MAHJOUB CHMOURK

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The oases of Oued Noun: degradation of the natural environment and perspectives of development. An oasis is considered as a vital space and a fundamental natural resource in the Oued Noun area. Irrigation water scarcity, desertification, terminal illnesses of different civilizations, space division and tininess of farms are all natural and economic constraints providing the oasis area from growing and developing. Officials have to be aware of those constraints and they need to urgently recommend solutions in the process of updating the local territory and in its potentialities valorisation.

X-ray diving in the center of Sh2-129: looking for the driving source of Ou4

Science.gov (United States)

Grosso, Nicolas

2012-10-01

The outflow phenomenon is associated both with the early and the last phase of the stellar evolution. Recently, a unique bipolar outflow with an angular size of 1.2 degrees was discovered in the blister HII region Sh2-129. Ou4, nicknamed "The Giant Squid", is to our knowledge the bipolar outflow with the largest angular size ever found. We propose joint XMM-Newton/EPIC (35 ks) and Chandra/HRC-I (16 ks) observations to look for the driving source of Ou4 and to clarify the nature of this object.

The impact of physical and mental tasks on pilot mental workoad

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, S. L.; Sheridan, T. B.

1986-01-01

Seven instrument-rated pilots with a wide range of backgrounds and experience levels flew four different scenarios on a fixed-base simulator. The Baseline scenario was the simplest of the four and had few mental and physical tasks. An activity scenario had many physical but few mental tasks. The Planning scenario had few physical and many mental taks. A Combined scenario had high mental and physical task loads. The magnitude of each pilot's altitude and airspeed deviations was measured, subjective workload ratings were recorded, and the degree of pilot compliance with assigned memory/planning tasks was noted. Mental and physical performance was a strong function of the manual activity level, but not influenced by the mental task load. High manual task loads resulted in a large percentage of mental errors even under low mental task loads. Although all the pilots gave similar subjective ratings when the manual task load was high, subjective ratings showed greater individual differences with high mental task loads. Altitude or airspeed deviations and subjective ratings were most correlated when the total task load was very high. Although airspeed deviations, altitude deviations, and subjective workload ratings were similar for both low experience and high experience pilots, at very high total task loads, mental performance was much lower for the low experience pilots.

Em busca de lugares perdidos: assistência ao doente mental revelada através de histórias de vida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dorisdaia Carvalho de Humerez

1997-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho em questão tem por objetivo conhecer a história de vida de doentes mentais; resgatar suas expectativas, projetos e possibilidades dentro ou fora da instituição psiquiátrica e refletir com base na experiência dos sujeitos, sobre a assistência ao doente mental. Os discursos revelaram a qualidade da vivência nos lugares antes, durante e depois do enlouquecer, sendo que, no depois, os relatos, passam a ter outro significado, mesmo quando o lugar, materialmente, é o mesmo de antes do adoecer. Os sujeitos conseguem sobreviver olhando para o passado, que na maior parte foi também de dificuldades, porém tinham o essencial: desempenhavam papéis aceitos socialmente, compartilhavam no grupo social e antecipavam-se no porvir. Os sujeitos deste estudo expõem o uso de astúcia e esperteza para driblar a ordem a que estão submetidos. Reivindicam o resgate do identitário, do relacional, querem compartilhar, de alguma forma, da vida com os outros e participar das gestões sobre seu destino. Explicitaram também que a vivência do não-lugar não é apenas no hospital psiquiátrico, mas a cultura manicomial que habita as famílias, os ambulatórios, os hospitais-dia, as universidades, as enfermarias psiquiátricas dos hospitais gerais. Desconstruir o manicômio, portanto, será rever a cultura, ou o manicômio mental. Não se trata de um processo apenas no interior da psiquiatria, mas atravessa diferentes dimensões: da política, das leis, da organização social, das instituições disciplinares, enfim, do imaginário coletivo.

What Is Mental Health?

Science.gov (United States)

... Myths and Facts Recovery Is Possible What Is Mental Health? Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social ... mental health problems and where to find help . Mental Health and Wellness Positive mental health allows people to: ...

Gender differences in brain activation on a mental rotation task.

Science.gov (United States)

Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret; Fine, Jodene Goldenring; Bledsoe, Jesse; Zhu, David C

2012-10-01

Few neuroimaging studies have explored gender differences on mental rotation tasks. Most studies have utilized samples with both genders, samples mainly consisting of men, or samples with six or fewer females. Graduate students in science fields or liberal arts programs (20 males, 20 females) completed a mental rotation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). When a pair of cube figures was shown, the participant made a keypad response based on whether the pair is the same/similar or different. Regardless of gender, the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the left precuneus were activated when a subject tried to solve the mental rotation task. Increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus, the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex/cuneus region, and the left middle occipital gyrus was found for men as compared to women. Better accuracy and shorter response times were correlated with an increased activation in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus. No significant brain activity differences related to mental rotation were found between academic majors. These findings suggest that networks involved in visual attention appear to be more strongly activated in the mental rotation tasks in men as compared to women. It also suggests that men use a more automatic process when analyzing complex visual reasoning tasks while women use a more top-down process.

Investigating the role played by social support in the association between religiosity and mental health in low income older adults: results from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH Investigando o papel do suporte social na associação entre religiosidade e saúde mental em idosos de baixa renda: resultados do São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Augusto Macêdo Corrêa

2011-06-01

ólica; 41,2% frequentam uma ou mais vezes alguma atividade religiosa semanalmente. A presença de transtorno mental comum não foi associada com filiação religiosa ou considerar-se religioso. A prevalência de transtorno mental comum para os que frequentam serviço religioso foi aproximadamente a metade (OR entre 0,43 e 0,55, p < 0,001 daqueles que nunca frequentam. Maior frequência a serviços religiosos também se associou a maiores níveis de suporte social. A associação entre maior frequência e menos transtorno mental comum não sofreu alterações relevantes após inclusão das variáveis de suporte social. CONCLUSÃO: A amostra apresentou altos níveis de religiosidade, forte associação entre freqüência religiosa e menor prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns, que não foi explicada pelo suporte social.

Investigating the role played by social support in the association between religiosity and mental health in low income older adults: results from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH Investigando o papel do suporte social na associação entre religiosidade e saúde mental em idosos de baixa renda: resultados do São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Augusto Macêdo Corrêa

2010-01-01

ólica; 41,2% frequentam uma ou mais vezes alguma atividade religiosa semanalmente. A presença de transtorno mental comum não foi associada com filiação religiosa ou considerar-se religioso. A prevalência de transtorno mental comum para os que frequentam serviço religioso foi aproximadamente a metade (OR entre 0,43 e 0,55, p < 0,001 daqueles que nunca frequentam. Maior frequência a serviços religiosos também se associou a maiores níveis de suporte social. A associação entre maior frequência e menos transtorno mental comum não sofreu alterações relevantes após inclusão das variáveis de suporte social. CONCLUSÃO: A amostra apresentou altos níveis de religiosidade, forte associação entre freqüência religiosa e menor prevalência de TMCs, que não foi explicada pelo suporte social.

Lidar com a doença mental - a pluralidade de sistemas de cuidados e de itinerários terapêuticos: análise comparativa de dois estudos efectuados junto de duas populações residentes em Portugal Dealing with mental illness - the plurality of care systems and of therapeutic itineraries: a comparative analysis of two studies carried out in Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Alves

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Vários estudos apontam para a pluralidade dos sistemas de cuidados para lidar com a doença e neles integram o sistema profissional, popular e alternativo (inclui o complementar e o tradicional. Qual a sua configuração particular em cada sistema cultural é a questão norteadora das duas pesquisas efectuadas. O objectivo deste artigo é o de perceber como se lida com a doença mental, analisando os itinerários terapêuticos que se constroem entre sistemas de cuidados plurais, caracterizando em particular o recurso à medicina tradicional. A análise dos dois estudos (um efectuado na região Norte, outro em Lisboa permitiu-nos interpretar essas práticas e problematizar os factores socioculturais que determinam e explicam as configurações encontradas. Ambas as pesquisas se enquadram numa metodologia qualitativa. Centrámos a pesquisa na análise dos discursos que obtivemos através de entrevistas semidiretivas, descrevendo-os, interpretando-os e comparando-os. Os resultados apontam para uma pluralidade de itinerários terapêuticos, que se tecem em torno de discursos públicos e privados, onde os sistemas explicativos do recurso à medicina ou às práticas tradicionais encontram sentidos, também eles plurais. As pessoas podem recorrer a estes sistemas de formas diversas, usando um só ou combinando mais do que um, de modo simultâneo ou sequencial, conforme o contexto e as necessidades sentidas face à doença ou ao sofrimento mental. É no espaço de impotência e "incompetência" da medicina "sábia" que se desenvolvem outros sistemas terapêuticos, que é necessário conhecer, pelos resultados que alcançam e pelo seu poder heurístico de explicação da sociedade e da cultura.Several studies point to the plurality of care systems to deal with illness. They can be organized into professional, popular and alternative systems (the latter includes the complementary and the traditional ones. What the particular setup is in each cultural

Desempenho de frangos de corte e digestibilidade de rações com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa Leite

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade de rações formuladas com sorgo (Sorghum bicolor, ou milheto (Pennisetum glaucum e adição de um complexo enzimático comercial composto de amilase, carboidrases, proteases e fitase, e o desempenho de frangos de corte. Para avaliação de desempenho, foram alojados 1.800 pintos de corte machos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x2, com quatro tratamentos (rações com sorgo ou milheto com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático e cinco repetições com 60 aves por unidade experimental. Nos ensaios de metabolismo realizados dos 10 aos 14 e dos 24 aos 28 dias, foram distribuídos 420 pintos machos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (rações com milheto ou sorgo com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas com o teste F para contrastes ortogonais. Nas rações elaboradas com sorgo, a adição do complexo enzimático proporcionou melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade da gordura e do nitrogênio. A adição de complexo enzimático em rações formuladas com sorgo melhora a conversão alimentar somente na fase inicial de criação dos frangos, enquanto a adição de complexo enzimático não melhora o desempenho de frango nas rações elaboradas com milheto.

Desensitizing addiction: using eye movements to reduce the intensity of substance-related mental imagery and craving

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marianne eLittel

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. During this treatment, patients recall a traumatic memory while making horizontal eye movements (EM. Studies have shown that EM not only desensitize negative memories, but also positive memories and imagined events. Substance use behavior and craving are maintained by maladaptive memory associations and visual imagery. Preliminary findings have indicated that these mental images can be desensitized by EMDR techniques. We conducted two proof-of-principle studies to investigate whether EM can reduce the sensory richness of substance-related mental representations and accompanying craving levels. We investigated the effects of EM on 1 vividness of food-related mental imagery and food craving in dieting and non-dieting students, and 2 vividness of recent smoking-related memories and cigarette craving in daily smokers. In both experiments, participants recalled the images while making EM or keeping eyes stationary. Image vividness and emotionality, image-specific craving and general craving were measured before and after the intervention. As a behavioral outcome measure, participants in study 1 were offered a snack choice at the end of the experiment.Results of both experiments showed that image vividness and craving increased in the control condition, but remained stable or decreased after the EM intervention. EM additionally reduced image emotionality (exp 2, and affected behavior (exp 1: participants in the EM condition were more inclined to choose healthy over unhealthy snack options. In conclusion, the data suggest that EM can be used to reduce intensity of substance related imagery and craving. Although long-term effects are yet to be demonstrated, the current studies suggest that EM might be a useful technique in addiction treatment.

Adolescentes em sofrimento psíquico e a política de saúde mental infanto-juvenil Adolescentes en sufrimiento psíquico y la política de salud mental infanto-juvenil Adolescents in psychological distress and mental health policy for children and youth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danielle Christine Moura dos Santos

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo é uma revisão de literatura dos artigos publicados a respeito da saúde mental de adolescentes no Brasil, entre janeiro de 2005 e abril de 2010. Os unitermos utilizados nos sites LILACS e SciELO foram: saúde mental, adolescentes, cuidado e produção do cuidado. Foram analisados 35 artigos, empregando-se a técnica de análise do conteúdo. Os estudos mostrarem ser indispensável reconhecer que o adolescente em sofrimento psíquico é um sujeito e que vive em um contexto subjetivo. Desta forma, as propostas de transformação não terão o alcance necessário às necessidades e demandas desses indivíduos sem uma articulação efetiva entre os diversos setores, trabalhadores de saúde, usuários e família. Neste debate, ainda são poucas as publicações que abordam as novas experiências, o redimensionamento do ato clínico, a clínica ampliada ou a produção do cuidado na atenção à saúde mental destes sujeitos.El presente estudio es una revisión de la literatura de los artículos publicados respecto a la salud mental de adolescentes en Brasil, entre enero del 2005 y abril del 2010. Las palabras clave utilizadas en los sites LILACS y SciELO fueron: salud mental, adolescentes, cuidado y producción del cuidado. Fueron analizados 35 artículos, empleándose la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los estudios mostraron que es indispensable reconocer que el adolescente en sufrimiento psíquico es un sujeto y que vive en un contexto subjetivo. De esta forma, las propuestas de transformación no tendrán el alcance necesario a las necesidades y demandas de estos individuos sin una articulación efectiva entre los diversos sectores, trabajadores de salud, usuarios y familia. En este debate, aun son pocas las publicaciones que abordan las nuevas experiencias, el redimensionamiento del acto clínico, la clínica ampliada o la producción del cuidado en la atención a la salud mental de estos sujetos.This study is a literature

The (un)usefulness of interactive exploration in building 3D- mental representations.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, F.; van den Broek, Egon

The generation of mental representations from visual images is crucial in 3-D object recognition. In two experiments, thirty-six participants were divided into a low, middle, and high visuospatial ability (VSA) group, which was determined by Vandenberg and Kuse's MRT-A test (1978 Perception and

Cercar ou não o Parque Farroupilha? Uma análise envolvendo uso e segurança

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Arq. Antônio Tarcísio da Luz Reis

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a necessidade de cercar ou não um parque urbano, o Parque Farroupilha. Assim, são analisadas as relações entre os atuais usos, os níveis de segurança no seu interior, adjacências e proximidades e a ideia de cercar ou não o Parque. Para tal, são consideradas uma proposta de cercamento hipotético do Parque e as percepções e atividades realizadas pelos frequentadores, moradores de áreas próximas e comerciantes do entorno e do interior do Parque. A metodologia inclui a realização de levantamentos de arquivo, mapas comportamentais nos limites do Parque, identifcação dos percursos realizados pelos três grupos, entrevistas e questionários aplicados a estes grupos. Os dados obtidos por meio dos questionários foram analisados através de testes estatísticos não paramétricos, tais como tabulações cruzadas (Phi e Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados revelam que uma quantidade signifcativa de atividades realizadas pelos usuários, baseadas no movimento continuado e/ou intermitente, seria impedida e/ou alterada pela existência de cerca nas bordas do Parque. Ainda, verifca-se que dentre os locais percebidos como mais inseguros estão aqueles que apresentam baixo movimento e baixa supervisão visual, que não seriam incrementados, mas sim reduzidos por um cercamento do Parque Farroupilha.

Sports psychiatry: mental health and mental disorders in athletes and exercise treatment of mental disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Ströhle, Andreas

2018-03-21

Sports psychiatry has developed for the past 3 decades as an emerging field within psychiatry and sports medicine. An International society has been established in 1994 and also national interest groups were implemented, mostly within the national organizations for psychiatry, some also containing the topic of exercise treatment of mental disorders. Where are we now 30 years later? We systematically but also selectively review the medical literature on exercise, sport, psychiatry, mental health and mental disorders and related topics. The number of publications in the field has increased exponentially. Most topics keep remaining on the agenda, e.g., head trauma and concussion, drug abuse and doping, performance enhancement, overtraining, ADHD or eating disorders. Supported by the growing literature, evidence-based recommendations have become available now in many clinical areas. A relatively new phenomenon is muscle dysmorphia, observed in weightlifters, bodybuilders but also in college students and gym users. Further, sports therapy of mental disorders has been studied by more and more high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials. Mostly as a complementary treatment, however, for some disorders already with a 1a evidence level, e.g., depression, dementia or MCI but also post-traumatic stress disorder. Being grown up and accepted nowadays, sports psychiatry still represents a fast-developing field. The reverse side of the coin, sport therapy of mental disorders has received a scientific basis now. Who else than sports psychiatry could advance sport therapy of mental disorders? We need this enthusiasm for sports and psychiatry for our patients with mental disorders and it is time now for a broadening of the scope. Optimized psychiatric prevention and treatment of athletes and ideal sport-related support for individuals with mental disorders should be our main purpose and goal.

MENTAL HEALTH: ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

OpenAIRE

Muzdalifah M. Rahman

2015-01-01

The purpose of this paper was to explain the concept of mental health perspective Contemporary Psychology, describes the mental health of an Islamic perspective and describes how mental health recovery. The theory used is the concept of mental health perspective Contemporary Psychology, and the concept of mental health perspective Islamic Psychology Writing is writing method using qualitative research methods. Mental health is avoiding an Islamic perspective of all symptoms, complaints and...

Education does not equally influence all the Mini Mental State Examination subscales and items: inferences from a Brazilian community sample A educação não influencia igualmente todas subescalas e itens do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental: inferências de uma amostra comunitária brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jerson Laks

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Mini-Mental State Examination cutoffs have been presented for schooling levels to screen cognitive impairment. However, items may behave differently with regards to education. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of education on MMSE subscales and items. METHOD: Community-dwelling participants aged 65 years or more (n = 990, females = 637, age = 74.1 years, range 65-108 were stratified as illiterate (n = 373, 1-8 (n = 540, 9-12 (n = 63, and more than 12 years of schooling (n = 14 and were screened with MMSE and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire. To make the Mini-Mental State Examination items comparable, each item was transformed into z scores. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the effect of schooling on MMSE subs and items controlling for age, sex, and activities of daily life. RESULTS: Temporal and space orientation, attention/calculation, repetition, reading, writing, and drawing scores improved as education increased, but not memory registration, three step command, and naming. Reading and writing displayed the largest coefficients, whereas education exerted no influence on naming and three step command tasks. CONCLUSION: Education does not exert an important effect on naming, three step command, memory registration, and delayed recall. As memory is a key factor for diagnosing dementia, these items could be considered despite education.OBJETIVO: Vários pontos de corte foram propostos para o Mini Exame do Estado Mental para rastrear cognição. Entretanto, os itens podem se comportar diferentemente dependendo da educação. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o impacto da educação nas subescalas e itens do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. MÉTODO: Participantes com idade de 65 anos ou mais e residentes na comunidade (n = 990, feminino = 637, idade = 74,1 anos, 65-108 foram estratificados como analfabetos (n = 373, 1-8 (n = 540, 9-12 (n = 63, e mais de 12 anos de escolaridade (n = 14 e foram

Microbiota intestinal e desempenho de frangos alimentados com rações elaboradas com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P.R.S.C. Leite

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a suplementação enzimática em rações contendo milheto ou sorgo sobre a microbiota intestinal e o desempenho de frangos. Foram alojados 420 pintos - ensaio de microbiota - e 1.200 pintos - ensaio de desempenho -, submetidos aos tratamentos com sorgo ou milheto suplementados ou não com complexo enzimático. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com sete repetições de 15 aves cada, para o ensaio de microbiota, e em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e 60 aves por parcela para desempenho. Foram realizadas pesquisas de bactérias Gram-negativas e contagem do número total de microrganismos aeróbios do intestino delgado. A suplementação enzimática não afetou a microbiota intestinal de frangos aos 14 e 28 dias de idade. Houve efeito da suplementação enzimática nas dietas com sorgo para conversão alimentar na fase pré-inicial. Nas dietas com milheto, a suplementação melhorou o ganho de peso no período de um a 35 dias de idade. No período total de criação, de um a 42 dias, não foi observado efeito da suplementação para milheto ou sorgo. Conclui-se que a utilização da suplementação de enzimas em rações com sorgo ou milheto pode melhorar os resultados de desempenho, dependendo da fase de crescimento de frangos de corte.

Parietal and early visual cortices encode working memory content across mental transformations.

Science.gov (United States)

Christophel, Thomas B; Cichy, Radoslaw M; Hebart, Martin N; Haynes, John-Dylan

2015-02-01

Active and flexible manipulations of memory contents "in the mind's eye" are believed to occur in a dedicated neural workspace, frequently referred to as visual working memory. Such a neural workspace should have two important properties: The ability to store sensory information across delay periods and the ability to flexibly transform sensory information. Here we used a combination of functional MRI and multivariate decoding to indentify such neural representations. Subjects were required to memorize a complex artificial pattern for an extended delay, then rotate the mental image as instructed by a cue and memorize this transformed pattern. We found that patterns of brain activity already in early visual areas and posterior parietal cortex encode not only the initially remembered image, but also the transformed contents after mental rotation. Our results thus suggest that the flexible and general neural workspace supporting visual working memory can be realized within posterior brain regions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

L'ingénierie lexicale ou la description d'un objet entre l'invention et ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

rbr

ches et publications sur la chanson ou qui influencent son statut dans les champs ... observant les trois phases du cycle de vie terminologique (sa naissance, sa vie ... L'étape ultime de changement .... Matériaux pour une glottopolitique.

Racial Differences in Mental Health Recovery among Veterans with Serious Mental Illness.

Science.gov (United States)

Ali, Mana K; Hack, Samantha M; Brown, Clayton H; Medoff, Deborah; Fang, Lijuan; Klingaman, Elizabeth A; Park, Stephanie G; Dixon, Lisa B; Kreyenbuhl, Julie A

2018-04-01

Black consumers with serious mental illness (SMI) face significant challenges in obtaining quality mental health care and are at risk for experiencing significant disparities in mental health care outcomes, including recovery from mental illness. Patient-provider interactions may partly contribute to this disparity. The purpose of the current study was to understand the effects of race, psychosis, and therapeutic alliance on mental health recovery orientation among Veterans with SMI. Participants were Veterans who had an SMI being treated at two Veteran Affairs outpatient mental health clinics by a psychiatrist or nurse practitioner. Participants completed the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-24), Mental Health Recovery Measure, and patient-report Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship (STAR-P) which includes three subscales: positive collaboration, positive clinician input, and non-supportive clinician input. Regression analyses were used to determine interactive effects of race, psychosis severity, and therapeutic alliance variables. The sample was 226 Veterans (50% black, 50% white). Black participants were slightly older (p mental health recovery (p mental health recovery orientation for black participants. Conversely, for white participants, positive collaboration had little effect on the negative relationship between psychosis severity and mental health recovery orientation. Increased levels of psychosis may inhibit patients' perceptions of their ability to recover from SMI. However, for black participants, positive collaboration with mental health providers may moderate the effects of psychotic symptomatology.

Mental Illness Statistics

Science.gov (United States)

... News & Events About Us Home > Health Information Share Statistics Research shows that mental illnesses are common in ... of mental illnesses, such as suicide and disability. Statistics Top ı cs Mental Illness Any Anxiety Disorder ...

The Effect of Preoperative Type 2 Diabetes and Physical Fitness on Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wimmelmann, Cathrine L.; Lund, Michael T.; Hansen, Merethe

2016-01-01

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of type 2 diabetes and lack of physical activity for mental health and health-related quality of life after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Method: Forty severely obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass were included in the GASMITO study...... to physical fitness, mental distress, health-related quality of life, and weight-related body image (). The interaction between follow-up time and type 2 diabetes at baseline significantly predicted six of the thirteen psychological subscales () and, across the follow-ups, physical fitness level made modest...... contributions to variations in mental symptoms and HRQOL but not weight-related body image. Conclusion: The results suggest that baseline difference in mental symptoms and physical HRQOL between diabetic and nondiabetic patients declines across follow-ups and resolves around the time of surgery....

“Minha doença é invisível!”: revisitando o estigma de ser doente mental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virginia Moreira

2008-12-01

Full Text Available In this article, we describe part of the results of the first year of a longitudinal project about the lived experience of stigma among those with mental illness in Northeast Brazil. Using the critical phenomenological method, 30 interviews with patients in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil were analyzed. The results show the presence not only of stigma but of self-stigma in the lived experience of mental illness. In addition to stigma and self-stigma, behaviors of shame, isolation and keeping the illness in secret are developed because of the pejorative image of mental illness, in the traditional comprehension of stigma as being associated to madness. Besides this comprehension, the lived experience of stigma, as well as of self-stigma appears also qualitatively related to the “invisible” character of mental illness.   Keywords: stigma; mental illness; phenomenology.

Narrated truths: the image of psychiatry in the media.

Science.gov (United States)

Nesseler, Thomas

2011-11-01

In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in media attention on the subject of mental illness, which mass media frequently portray as a new phenomenon affecting large sections of the population. Reports about people suffering from mental disorders and on psychiatric or psychotherapeutic clinics, however, are often characterised by their emphasis on stereotypes and one-sided invariably negative attributes both in the choice of wording and the images used. This paper is an attempt to elucidate this apparent contradiction from both a narrative and a socio-historical perspective. In view of the development of modern moving image formats and storytelling techniques, it seeks to identify possible ways of harnessing the media to present a more considered and differentiated picture of psychiatric disorders and mental illnesses. Professionally moderated discussion forums based on social media techniques are to serve just as well as stories that take account of the narrative universals such as reward, success and human relations.

Atividade física e estado de saúde mental de idosos Physical activity and mental health status among elderly people

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tânia R Bertoldo Benedetti

2008-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre nível de atividade física e o estado de saúde mental de pessoas idosas. MÉTODOS: Inquérito de base populacional com amostragem probabilística, incluindo 875 idosos da cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, em 2002. Foram aplicados os questionários: Internacional de Atividades Físicas e Brazil Old Age Schedule. Os problemas de saúde mental avaliados foram depressão e demência, além da prática de atividade física total (lazer, ocupação, deslocamentos e serviços domésticos. Após análises descritivas e bivariadas, realizou-se análise ajustada por meio de regressão logística, com ajuste para os fatores de atividade física total, atividade de lazer, escores de depressão e demência. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa e inversa de demência e depressão com atividade física total e atividade física no lazer. A odds ratio ajustada para demência entre os sujeitos sedentários para atividade física total comparada à dos ativos foi de 2,74 (IC 95%: 1,85; 4,08, enquanto o respectivo valor para depressão foi de 2,38 (IC 95%: 1,70; 3,33. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados reforçam a importância de estilo de vida ativo para prevenção de problemas de saúde mental de idosos. Infere-se que a atividade física tem conseguido reduzir e/ou atrasar os riscos de demência, embora não se possa afirmar que a atividade física evita a demência.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between physical activity level and mental health status among elderly people. METHODS: This was a population-based survey with a probabilistic sample of 875 elderly people from a city of Southern Brazil, in 2002. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Brazil Old Age Schedule questionnaire were applied. The mental health problems evaluated were depressions and dementia. Total physical activity (leisure-time, occupation, transportation and housework. After descriptive and

Visibility of the mandibular canal and the mental foramen in panoramic radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, Seon Jin; Choi, Eui Hwan; Kim, Jae Duk

2001-01-01

To determine the head position that the superior border of the mandibular canal as well as mental foramen can be more clearly visualized in panoramic radiography. Ten dry mandibles were radiography bilaterally using PM 2002 CC panoramic machine. A 20 mm thick aluminium filter was added to the slit collimator to obtain radiographs with acceptable density. The specimens were tilted by 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 degrees downward with and without radiopaque markers. Radiopaque markers were inserted into the mandibular canals and the mental canals of each side of the specimens to serve as reference image when assessing the radiographs. The obtained results were analyzed statistically. Mandibular canals were significantly more clearly visible in the radiographs with 4 and 6 degree downward position on both sides (P<0.05). Mental foramen were significantly more clearly visible in the was not significant difference between right and left sides. Panoramic radiographs with 4 to 6 degree downward tilting could be valuable in locating the mandibular canal as well as the mental foramen

Undergraduate mental health nursing education in Australia: More than Mental Health First Aid.

Science.gov (United States)

Happell, Brenda; Wilson, Rhonda; McNamara, Paul

2015-01-01

Mental Health First Aid training is designed to equip people with the skills to help others who may be developing mental health problems or experiencing mental health crises. This training has consistently been shown to increase: (1) the recognition of mental health problems; (2) the extent to which course trainees' beliefs about treatment align with those of mental health professionals; (3) their intentions to help others; and (4) their confidence in their abilities to assist others. This paper presents a discussion of the potential role of Mental Health First Aid training in undergraduate mental health nursing education. Three databases (CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO) were searched to identify literature on Mental Health First Aid. Although Mental Health First Aid training has strong benefits, this first responder level of education is insufficient for nurses, from whom people expect to receive professional care. It is recommended that: (1) Mental Health First Aid training be made a prerequisite of preregistration nurse education, (2) registered nurses make a larger contribution to addressing the mental health needs of Australians requiring care, and (3) current registered nurses take responsibility for ensuring that they can provided basic mental health care, including undertaking training to rectify gaps in their knowledge.

Comorbid mental disorders among adults in the mental health surveillance survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Forman-Hoffman, Valerie L; Batts, Kathryn R; Hedden, Sarra L; Spagnola, Kathy; Bose, Jonaki

2018-03-09

To examine the prevalence and correlates of mental disorder comorbidity in the adult U.S. household population. Data are from a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized, civilian adults aged 18 years or older (n = 5653) who participated in the 2008-2012 Mental Health Surveillance Study. Mental disorders, including substance use disorders, were assessed by clinical interviewers using a semistructured diagnostic instrument. Analyses examined co-occurrence of mental disorders and associations with sociodemographic, functional impairment, and treatment correlates. Approximately one-third of adults (31.1%, or more than 15 million) with a past-year mental disorder had a co-occurring mental disorder. Correlates of comorbidity in adjusted models included being of young age, being of non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, having low family income, and living in a large metropolitan area. Adults with comorbid mental disorders had lower mean levels of functioning and were more likely to report past-year treatment than adults with a single disorder; they also had higher estimates of past-year perceived unmet need for care (21.7% vs. 11.6%, P mental disorder have a co-occurring mental disorder. Elucidating factors associated with co-occurrence may lend clues to shared etiologies, help improve prevention efforts, facilitate early identification, and improve treatment regimens. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abordagem clínica a canais radiculares calcificados e/ou atresiados

OpenAIRE

Veloso, Ana Catarina Rodrigues

2017-01-01

A Endodontia, ramo da Medicina Dentária, tem o objetivo de tratar patologias pulpares, permitindo assim, que as estruturas dentárias sejam mantidas em função na cavidade oral. O sucesso do tratamento depende de uma correta conformação, desinfeção e obturação canalar. Estes procedimentos podem estar comprometidos quando no canal existem calcificações, ou estes se encontram atresiados, impedindo o livre acesso apical. Localizar e manipular canais calcificados é um desafio pois a ...

Pax Americana ou o império da insegurança? Pax Americana or the empire of insecurity?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew Hurrell

2005-12-01

Full Text Available No artigo pretende-se mostrar a posição dos Estados Unidos em um diferente contexto conceitual e histórico, como tentativa de escapar-se do imediatismo da discussão atual do país como um poder imperial ou hegemônico, trazidos pelos debates atuais. Revela-se assim, problemas de definições dos conceitos de imperialismo e hegemonia, assim como da dominação formal/infomal distorcendo a real imagem e posição da América do Norte no campo internacional nos dias atuais.The article intends to show the position of the United States in a different conceptual and historical context, as attempt to run away itself of the immediacy of the current debate of the state as one to be able imperial or hegemonic, brought for the current discussion. It discloses thus, problems of definitions of the concepts of imperialism and hegemony, as well as of the formal and informal domination, distorting the real image and position of North America in the international field in the current days.

Concepções de normalidade e saúde mental entre infratores presos de uma unidade prisional da cidade do Salvador Conceptions of normality and mental health among prisoners in a correctional institution in the city of Salvador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Thereza Ávila Dantas Coelho

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Apesar de recentemente no Brasil alguns estudos terem se dedicado à investigação dos conceitos de normalidade e saúde mental, inexistem ainda pesquisas que tratem desta questão entre infratores presos. Este trabalho pretendeu, justamente, investigar tal tema nessa parcela da população. Para tanto, utilizou o referencial metodológico de coleta e análise de dados da teoria dos sistemas de signos, significados e práticas. Verificamos que, na perspectiva dos entrevistados, a normalidade e a saúde mental estão associadas aos comportamentos apontados pela literatura científica como normais e saudáveis, o inverso ocorrendo em relação aos conceitos de anormalidade e doença mental. Um aspecto relevante deste estudo é a forma pela qual a violência criminal foi abordada pelos detentos. Ao mesmo tempo em que eles consideraram tal tipo de violência como característico de uma anormalidade ou doença, não se consideraram nem anormais nem violentos por terem cometido um delito. Esse aspecto parece apontar para a existência de duas diferentes visões: uma que reproduz o primeiro tipo de associação, e outra que admite a co-existência de um momento de violência criminal com o estado de normalidade e saúde mental.Although in Brazil some recent studies analyzed the concepts of normality and mental health, there are still no investigations dealing with this question among prisoners. Thus, this work aims specifically at investigating this subject in this segment of the population. The methodology used in this study was collection of data and practical analysis according to the theory of systems of signs, meanings and practices. We verified that the interviewees associated normality and mental health with the behaviors considered normal and sane in the scientific literature. The inverse occurred in relation to the concepts of abnormality and insanity. A relevant aspect of this study was the prisoner's approach to criminal violence. At the

Measuring child exposure to violence and mental health reactions in epidemiological studies: challenges and current issues Criança, violência e saúde: desafios e questões atuais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiane Seixas Duarte

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This paper examines challenges and current issues involved in measuring exposure to different types of violence which are associated mental health problems in children and adolescents. Standardized measures suitable for epidemiological studies, selected based on their relevance in the current literature, are briefly described and commented. The assessment of child's exposure to violence may focus on a specific event (e.g., kidnapping, a specific context (e.g., war or even of a certain type of exposure (e.g., intrafamilial physical violence. The assessment of child mental health after exposure to violence has traditionally focused on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD - most frequently measured through non-diagnostic scales. However, other mental health reactions may be present and screening as well as diagnostic instruments which may be used to assess these reactions are also described. Two issues of emerging importance - the assessment of impairment and of traumatic grief in children - are also presented. Availability of culturally appropriate instruments is a crucial step towards proper identification of child mental health problems after exposure to violence.Este artigo examina os desafios e perspectivas atuais envolvidos na mensuração da exposição a diferentes tipos de violência e problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes. Instrumentos padronizados apropriados para estudos epidemiológicos, selecionados com base em sua relevância na literatura, são brevemente descritos e comentados. A avaliação de exposição à violência em crianças pode dizer respeito a um evento específico (como sequestro ou um contexto específico (como guerra ou mesmo um determinado tipo de exposição (como violência física intrafamiliar. A avaliação da saúde mental infantil após a exposição à violência tradicionalmente concentrou-se na avaliação do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT - freqüentemente avaliado atrav

School Mental Health Resources and Adolescent Mental Health Service Use

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Jennifer Greif; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Alegria, Margarita; Costello, E. Jane; Gruber, Michael J.; Hoagwood, Kimberly; Leaf, Philip J.; Olin, Serene; Sampson, Nancy A.; Kessler, Ronald C.

2013-01-01

Objective: Although schools are identified as critical for detecting youth mental disorders, little is known about whether the number of mental health providers and types of resources that they offer influence student mental health service use. Such information could inform the development and allocation of appropriate school-based resources to…

Promotion of mental health in children of parents with a mental disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Verrocchio, Maria Cristina; Ambrosini, Alessandra; Fulcheri, Mario

2013-01-01

Mental disorders are associated with many difficulties in the activities of daily living, work, relationships and family, and they determine high social and economic costs that represent an important public health problem. The literature has shown that children of parents with mental disorders grow up in environments that are potentially harmful to their mental health and are at risk of neglect and maltreatment. Interventions to prevent mental disorders and psychological symptoms of children of parents with mental disorders are effective but supporting these families is a complex task which requires both cooperation between departments and an interdisciplinary knowledge. A greater knowledge of the responses provided to assist families with dependent children and a mentally ill parent, could stimulate reflections on critical issues and government actions aimed at promoting and protecting the mental health of children.

A Review on Anatomical Variations of Mental Foramen (Number, Location, Shape, Symmetry, Direction and Size

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F Ezoddini-Ardakani

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Mental foramen is located on the anterior aspect of the mandible that permits the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels to exit. The anatomical variations of mental foramen are of considerable importance in local anesthesia, treatment of the fractures in the parasymphysis area, orthognatic surgeries, implant placement, etc. Regarding the importance of mental foramen in dentistry (from local anesthesia to invasive surgical procedures, this study intends to review the anatomical variations of mental foramen in this study. Absence of mental foramen is rare. On the other hand, prevalence of accessory mental foramen has been estimated lower than 15% in the most studies. The position of mental foramen is normally between first and second premolar teeth or under second premolar tooth in different ethnic groups and bilateral symmetry exists in regard with location in most cases. In most studies, the ratio of distance from mental foramen to symphysis to distance from symphysis to posterior border of ramus has been reported about 1/3.5 to 1/3. Mental foramen is oval or circular in shape and its most common direction is usually posterosuperior. Its size in different studies has been estimated about 2 to 5 millimeters and asymmetry in size is possible on both sides of mandible. Due to variations of mental foramen between various ethnic groups and even different individuals in the same ethnic group, using advanced imaging techniques such as CBCT is recommended in order to gain detailed knowledge of anatomy and morphology of mental foramen before applying invasive surgeries.

Mental Health Professionals' Attitudes Toward Offenders With Mental Illness (Insanity Acquittees) in Ghana.

Science.gov (United States)

Adjorlolo, Samuel; Abdul-Nasiru, Inusah; Chan, Heng Choon Oliver; Bambi, Laryea Efua

2018-02-01

Mental health professionals' attitudes toward offenders with mental illness have significant implications for the quality of care and treatment rendered, making it imperative for these professionals to be aware of their attitudes. Yet, this topical issue has received little research attention. Consequently, the present study investigates attitudes toward offenders with mental illness (insanity acquittees) in a sample of 113 registered mental health nurses in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey and self-report methodology, the participants respond to measures of attitudes toward offenders with mental illness, attitudes toward mental illness, conviction proneness, and criminal blameworthiness. The results show that mental health nurses who reportedly practiced for a longer duration (6 years and above) were more likely to be unsympathetic, while the male nurses who were aged 30 years and above were more likely to hold offenders with mental illness strictly liable for their offenses. Importantly, the nurses' scores in conviction proneness and criminal blameworthiness significantly predict negative attitudes toward the offenders even after controlling for their attitudes toward mental illness. Yet, when the nurses' conviction proneness and criminal blameworthiness were held constant, their attitudes toward mental illness failed to predict attitudes toward the offenders. This initial finding implies that the nurses' views regarding criminal blameworthiness and conviction may be more influential in understanding their attitudes toward offenders with mental illness relative to their attitudes toward mental illness.

Electrophysiological difference between mental state decoding and mental state reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Bihua; Li, Yiyuan; Li, Fuhong; Li, Hong

2012-06-29

Previous studies have explored the neural mechanism of Theory of Mind (ToM), but the neural correlates of its two components, mental state decoding and mental state reasoning, remain unclear. In the present study, participants were presented with various photographs, showing an actor looking at 1 of 2 objects, either with a happy or an unhappy expression. They were asked to either decode the emotion of the actor (mental state decoding task), predict which object would be chosen by the actor (mental state reasoning task), or judge at which object the actor was gazing (physical task), while scalp potentials were recorded. Results showed that (1) the reasoning task elicited an earlier N2 peak than the decoding task did over the prefrontal scalp sites; and (2) during the late positive component (240-440 ms), the reasoning task elicited a more positive deflection than the other two tasks did at the prefrontal scalp sites. In addition, neither the decoding task nor the reasoning task has no left/right hemisphere difference. These findings imply that mental state reasoning differs from mental state decoding early (210 ms) after stimulus onset, and that the prefrontal lobe is the neural basis of mental state reasoning. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The role of rotational hand movements and general motor ability in children’s mental rotation performance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petra eJansen

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Mental rotation of visual images of body parts and abstract shapes can be influenced by simultaneous motor activity. Children in particular seem to have a strong coupling between motor and cognitive processes. We investigated the influence of a rotational hand movement performed by rotating a knob on mental rotation performance in primary school-age children (N= 83; Age range: 7.0-8.3 and 9.0-10.11 years. In addition, we assessed the role of motor ability in this relationship. Boys in the 7-8-year-old group were faster when mentally and manually rotating in the same direction than in the opposite direction. For girls and older children this effect was not found. A positive relationship was found between motor ability and accuracy on the mental rotation task: stronger motor ability related to improved mental rotation performance. In both age groups, children with more advanced motor abilities were more likely to adopt motor processes to solve mental rotation tasks if the mental rotation task was primed by a motor task. Our evidence supports the idea that an overlap between motor and visual cognitive processes in children is influenced by motor ability.

La motivation des expressions idiomatiques de la mort en français, espagnol et anglais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Negro Alousque

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE Les expressions idiomatiques, marquées par le figement et l’idiomaticité, ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches dans les dernières années (González Rey, 2002; Palma, 2007; García-Page, 2008. Le présent article porte sur la motivation des expressions idiomatiques de la mort dans une perspective cognitive (Lakoff et Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 2006 et comparative. Nous analysons les deux types de motivation (iconique et culturelle qui fournissent une base à ces expressions en français, espagnol et anglais. La motivation iconique repose sur un mécanisme cognitif (métaphore, métonymie ou image mentale, alors que la motivation culturelle se fonde sur un élément appartenant au domaine de la religion, la mythologie, l’histoire ou la littérature. Ces locutions reflètent une vision de la mort en tant qu’évènement, ‘mourir’, ou en tant qu’état, ‘être mort’. Leur sens figuré semble s’enraciner dans notre expérience physique et/ou culturelle, ce qui pourrait expliquer pourquoi on retrouve des expressions identiques dans les trois langues étudiées

Possible Mechanisms Explaining the Association Between Physical Activity and Mental Health. Findings From the 2001 Dutch Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Monshouwer, K.; ten Have, M.; van Poppel, M.N.M.; Kemper, H.C.G.; Vollebergh, W.A.M.

2013-01-01

More physical activity is associated with fewer mental health problems among adolescents, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The aim of this article is to investigate whether the association between physical activity and mental health is mediated by body-weight perception (self-image) or

Promotion of mental health in children of parents with a mental disorder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cristina Verrocchio

Full Text Available Mental disorders are associated with many difficulties in the activities of daily living, work, relationships and family, and they determine high social and economic costs that represent an important public health problem. The literature has shown that children of parents with mental disorders grow up in environments that are potentially harmful to their mental health and are at risk of neglect and maltreatment. Interventions to prevent mental disorders and psychological symptoms of children of parents with mental disorders are effective but supporting these families is a complex task which requires both cooperation between departments and an interdisciplinary knowledge. A greater knowledge of the responses provided to assist families with dependent children and a mentally ill parent, could stimulate reflections on critical issues and government actions aimed at promoting and protecting the mental health of children.

[Representations of mental illness in the Greek Press: 2001 vs 2011].

Science.gov (United States)

Economou, M; Louki, E; Charitsi, M; Alexiou, T; Patelakis, A; Christakaki, A; Papadimitriou, G N

2015-01-01

The media seem to have played a prominent role in shaping the contemporary social image of people with mental illness, by perpetuating the stigma attached to it. Worldwide, a vast amount of research findings converge to the stigmatizing representation of people with mental illness by the media, with reference to the dominant stereotype of violence. The present study aims to explore the representations of mental illness in the Greek Press using a quantitative and qualitative approach. Potential changes in the media portrayal of mental illness during the last decade are also being examined: findings are compared to those of a previous research that took place in 2001, following the same methodology. The sample consisted of press articles referring to mental illness, that were indexed daily from the Greek newspapers during the period July-November 2011. The items were categorized into thematic categories and further analyzed taking in account the use of stigmatizing vocabulary, the reproduction of common myths concerning mental illness, the overall valence of each article (stigmatizing, neutral or anti-stigmatizing) towards people with mental illness, as well as the contextual implications conveyed in the use of psychiatric terms as a metaphor. The largest thematic category that emerged from the sample was that referring to the repercussions of the economic crisis to mental health, followed by the category of articles where psychiatric terms are used as a metaphor. The comparisons made between 2001 and 2011 revealed an improved representation of mental illness in terms of stigma, especially regarding schizophrenia. The public expression of stigma has decreased, with fewer stigmatizing articles and notably more neutral in valence articles. The findings of this study suggest a decline of the media propensity for emotionally charged descriptions and a shift towards objective journalism regarding mental illness. This is most likely to be attributed to the anti

Cerebral perfusion imaging in HIV positive patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kundley, Kshama; Chowdhury, D.; Lele, V.R.; Lele, R.D.

1998-01-01

Full text: Twelve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients were studied by SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging 1 hour post injection of 15 mCi of 99m Tc-ECD under ideal conditions with a triple head gamma camera (Prism 3000 X P LEUHR), fanbeam collimators followed by Folstein Mini Mental Status Examination (FMMSE) and AIDS dementia complex (ADC) staging on the same day. All 12 patients were male, in the age range of 23-45 y (mean 31 y). The infected status was diagnosed by ELISA (10 patients) or Western blot (5 patients). The interval between diagnosis and imaging ranged from 1 month - 35 months (mean 15.3 months). Two patients were alcoholic and 2 were smokers. None of them had CNS disorder clinically. ADC staging and FMMSE could be performed in 4 patients. Two patients were normal (stage 0) and 2 were subclinical (stage 0.5) on ADC staging. FMMSE revealed normal or near normal status (mean score 35; maximum score 36). Cerebral perfusion images were interpreted simultaneously by 3 observers blind towards history and examination using semi-quantitative and quantitative methods by consensus. It revealed multiple areas of hypoperfusion, viz. temporal (11 patients (91 %), parietal 10 patients (83%), frontal 9 patients (75%, pre and post central gyrus 7 patients (58%), occipital 6 patients (50%) cingulate gyrus and cerebellum 5 patients (41%) and thalamic in 2 patients (16%). Hyper perfusion in caudate nuclei was noted in 10 patients (83%). The study reveals presence of multiple perfusion abnormalities on cerebral perfusion imaging in HIV positive patients who have normal/near normal mental status suggesting precedence of perfusion abnormality over clinically apparent mental deficit

Undergraduate Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Mental Illness and Mental Health Nursing

Science.gov (United States)

Konzelman, Lois

2017-01-01

Historically, nurses have lacked recognition for the work they do, especially in the area of mental health. There is a shortage of qualified mental health nurses to meet the demand for services. Many rural areas in the United States have few or no mental health services to offer communities. Encouraging positive attitudes toward mental health…

Effets De La Cuisson Ou De L\\'extrusion Du Niebe ( Vigna ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Quatre rations R0, R1, R2 et R3 contenant respectivement 0% de niébé, 15% de niébé cru, cuit ou extrudé ont été utilisées. Il ressort que la ration R2 a été la plus consommée comparée à toutes les autres. Le gain de poids et l'indice de consommation enregistrés dans le lot R2 n'ont pas été différents (P>0,05) de ceux du ...

AUTOBIOGRAFIA: GÊNERO LITERÁRIO OU FORMA DE RECEPÇÃO

OpenAIRE

Adriano Carlos Moura

2014-01-01

Este artigo propõe, com a leitura dos livros Bar doce lar do jornalista americano J.R. Moehringer e Os cus de Judas do romancista português António Lobo Antunes, refletir sobre de que maneira a autobiografia pode ser considerada um gênero literário ou não. A realização dessa tarefa faz-se a partir de um estudo comparativo entre uma escrita autobiográfica e um romance, utilizando conceitos da obra O pacto autobiográfico do pesquisa...

Mental Byomdannelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Tina Vestermann; Boye, Anne Mette; Borchmann, Inger Haarup

Formålet med publikationen er at præsentere metoden "Mental byomdannelse". Metoden viser, hvordan man via midlertidig brug af grunde kan undersøge et steds potentialer, tage et område i brug tidligt i en byomdannelsesproces og derved bidrage til at opbygge en ny identitet for området. Mental...... byomdannelse går ud på at skabe bevidsthed om et byudviklingsområde overfor byens borgere, kommende beboere og fremtidige brugere af området allerede mens den fysiske omdannelse er i gang. I publikationen præsenteres en værktøjskasse, som giver redskaber og ideer til, hvordan man kan sætte en mental...... byomdannelsesproces i gang i byens rum. Publikationen udgør en afrapportering fra et støttet forsøgsprojekt hvor metoden ”Mental byomdannelse” er udviklet ved at afprøve ideerne om mental byomdannelse i to cases i Ålborg Kommune, hhv. i Østre Havn og Nibe by. Formålet med at anvende metoden i de to cases har været...

Relação entre saúde mental e trabalho: a concepção de sindicalistas e possíveis formas de enfrentamento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Pereira da Silva

Full Text Available Resumo Objetivo: apresentar as concepções de sindicalistas a respeito da relação entre trabalho e adoecimento mental, bem como algumas de suas ações, que possam indicar rumos para abordagens do movimento sindical que favoreçam o enfrentamento do adoecimento mental relacionado ao trabalho. Método: foram realizadas entrevistas reflexivas em profundidade com cinco representantes sindicais de diferentes categorias profissionais, do estado de São Paulo, que possuem um histórico de comprometimento com a saúde dos trabalhadores. Resultados: a concepção predominante entre os sindicalistas entrevistados é de que as causas dos adoecimentos do trabalhador são de caráter multifatorial. Assim, esses líderes sindicais reconhecem a organização do trabalho, os processos produtivos, as relações trabalhistas e as condições físicas do ambiente de trabalho como alguns dos fatores que podem gerar sofrimentos ou adoecimentos psíquicos nos trabalhadores. Discussão: os participantes indicam, como possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecimento mental provocado pelo trabalho, a união dos trabalhadores e dos sindicatos, o restabelecimento de laços de solidariedade, maior investimento do Estado e conscientização de toda a sociedade a respeito da relação entre a saúde mental e o trabalho.

[Patients with unusual requests for extractions 2. Mental incompetency and psycho-pathologic causes].

Science.gov (United States)

Broers, D L M; Brands, W G; de Jongh, A; Willems, D L

2010-11-01

If there is no indication for tooth removal purely based on dental criteria, but the patient requests for removal due to fear of dental treatment, or because of a mental disorder such as posttraumatic stress disorder, a somatoform pain disorder or a disorder of body image perception, then the question is whether the patient is mentally competent to make this decision. In case of a tooth removal request on psychopathologic basis, a dentist has to refuse to carry out such treatment, but he should make an effort to help or guide the patient in some other way.

Activation on occipital lobe in children with abacus mental calculation training: an fMRI study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen Xiaojun; Long Jinfeng; Zhao Kunyuan; Li Lixin; Sun Jining; Wang Bin

2011-01-01

Objective: By exploring the activation on occipital lobe in children with and without abacus mental calculation training when they engaged in different calculation tasks with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to identify the possible mechanism of occipital lobe in abacus mental calculation. Methods: fMRI was performed in children trained with and without (sixteen in each group) abacus mental calculation when they engaged in addition, subtraction. multiplication, division, and number-object control judging tasks. The data processing and statistical analysis were performed on SPM 2.0 (statistical parametric mapping 2.0) and the related-brain functional areas were identified. The activation on occipital lobe was observed carefully. The difference in activated areas of occipital lobe was statistically significant between two groups engaged in different tasks of calculations (P<0.01). Result: Bilateral occipital lobe, especially in the cuneus and lingual gyrus, were activated in children trained with abacus mental calculation. The main activated area was lingual gyrus in children without abacus mental calculation. Conclusion: The occipital lobe participates visuospatial processing in the abacus mental calculations. The neuromechanism maybe account for the specific activation in occipital lobe. (authors)

La disparition des loups ou essai d’écologie historique

OpenAIRE

Fabre, Éric; Alleau, Julien

2017-01-01

Si les loups ont disparu du territoire métropolitain, plus ou moins tôt dans les XVIIIe et XIXe siècles selon les régions, c’est parce qu’on les a activement chassés. Certes, l’affirmation est triviale, mais elle mérite qu’on s’y penche à nouveau en changeant le regard classiquement porté sur le phénomène de disparition de la grande faune. N’affirmer que le rôle actif de l’homme, c’est oublier que l’on observe un objet biologique : c’est nier la dimension écologique du problème. Inversement, ...

Cross-Border Visualities and the Canadian Image

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Will Straw

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines a number of images (photographs, film extracts, paintings which stage particular relationships between Canada and the United States. A recurrent feature of Canadian images is the co-presence within them of elements which are recognizably from both Canada and the United States. Analyzing several images marked by this co-presence, the article explores the various ways in which the proximity of Canadian and non-Canadian elements may be seen to express broader cultural or social-political relationships between two national entities. Cet article examine plusieurs images (photographies, extraits de films, tableaux qui présentent des relations bien définies entre le Canada et les États-Unis. Une particularité récurrente dans les images canadiennes est la coprésence à l'intérieur d'elles d'éléments provenant manifestement des États-Unis ainsi que du Canada. En analysant plusieurs images marquées de cette coprésence, l'article explore les manières variées dont la proximité d'éléments canadiens et non-canadiens peut exprimer des relations plus vastes sur le plan culturel ou socio-politique entre deux nations.

Deux ou trois choses que nous savons d’eux : publics de cinéma Two or Three Things We Know About Them: A Few Reflections About Movie Audience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christophe Trebuil

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Quiconque a poussé les portes d’une salle obscure a une idée de ce que font des individus lorsqu’ils vont au cinéma : les atermoiements dans le choix du film, l’attente avant l’achat de la place, l’entrée dans la salle, le placement vis-à-vis de l’écran, l’attention ou la désinvolture face aux images, l’entracte (selon les pays et les périodes et la sortie. Au cours de ces actions, l’établissement cinématographique devient un espace de sociabilité comparable à d’autres (café, restaurant, gar...

Perceptions and attitudes of students of mass communication toward mental illness in Nigerian Tertiary Institution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lateef Olutoyin Oluwole

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The power of the modern mass media is not limited to its ability to communicate information and entertain but derives primarily from its ability to define situations, thereby enabling it to construct social reality. Stigma is related to negative stereotyping and prejudicial attitudes that in turn lead to discriminatory practices. Aims: The study sought to know the perceptions of and attitudes of mass communication students towards mental illness and the mentally ill. Settings and Design: The study population comprised of final year Diploma students of Mass Communication of a foremost tertiary institution in Nigeria. Methods and Material: The World Psychiatric Association questionnaire measuring attitudes towards Schizophrenia was modified and administered to the students. Results: Study also showed only one-fifth of all respondents had contact with either an advert or a promotion about mental illness. About three-quarter (74.1% of those who had come in contact with information on mental illness had done so through audiovisuals including television and radio. More than half of the students ranked environmental factors foremost among causes of mental illness. Majority of the students (85.9% would definitely not marry someone with mental illness. Conclusions: The enormous potential and influence the media has on mental health issues would require that mental health professionals provide great input into the enlightenment program for these young and mental health-naïve potential image makers.

Inhibition: Mental Control Process or Mental Resource?

Science.gov (United States)

Im-Bolter, Nancie; Johnson, Janice; Ling, Daphne; Pascual-Leone, Juan

2015-01-01

The current study tested 2 models of inhibition in 45 children with language impairment and 45 children with normally developing language; children were aged 7 to 12 years. Of interest was whether a model of inhibition as a mental-control process (i.e., executive function) or as a mental resource would more accurately reflect the relations among…

Síndrome de burnout ou estafa profissional e os transtornos psiquiátricos Burnout syndrome and psychiatric disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Telma Ramos Trigo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A síndrome de burnout é conseqüente a prolongados níveis de estresse no trabalho e compreende exaustão emocional, distanciamento das relações pessoais e diminuição do sentimento de realização pessoal. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da síndrome no Brasil e em outros países, considerando sua prevalência, possíveis fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento, sua associação com outros transtornos psiquiátricos e conseqüências para o indivíduo e a organização em que trabalha. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando-se a base de dados da MedLine, Scielo, American Psychiatry Association, Evidence-Based Mental Health, American College of Physicians, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Guideline Clearinghouse e da Organização Mundial da Saúde no período compreendido entre 1985 e 2006. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da síndrome de burnout ainda é incerta, mas dados sugerem que acomete um número significativo de indivíduos, variando de aproximadamente 4% a 85,7%, conforme a população estudada. Pode apresentar comorbidade com alguns transtornos psiquiátricos, como a depressão. Os efeitos do burnout podem prejudicar o profissional em três níveis: individual (físico, mental, profissional e social, profissional (atendimento negligente e lento ao cliente, contato impessoal com colegas de trabalho e/ou pacientes/clientes e organizacional (conflito com os membros da equipe, rotatividade, absenteísmo, diminuição da qualidade dos serviços. Mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas para que mudanças positivas nas organizações de trabalho sejam baseadas em evidências científicas.BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is consequent of prolonged levels of stress in the work’s environment. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this article are to obtain information about the syndrome’s prevalence in Brazil and in other countries, the risk factors

Baixo peso ao nascer e obesidade: associação causal ou casual?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adolfo Monteiro Ribeiro

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoObjetivo:Apresentar as bases conceituais que explicam como eventos na vida intrauterina podem influenciar o desenvolvimento corporal e enfatizar a interrelação entre baixo peso ao nascer e risco de obesidade ao longo da vida.Fontes de dados:Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Libraty Online (SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus e PubMed foram as bases de dados. “Catch-up growth”, “lifecourse health”, “disease”, “child”, “development”, “early life”, “perinatal programming”, “epigenetics”, “breastfeeding”, “small baby syndrome”, “phenotype”, “micronutrients”, “maternal nutrition”, “obesity” e “adolescence” foram descritores isolados ou associados para localizar revisões, estudos epidemiológicos, de intervenção ou experimentais publicados entre 1934 e 2014, com textos integrais, em português e inglês. Excluíram-se duplicidades, editoriais, resenhas e abordagens de doença diferente da obesidade.Síntese dos dados:Nos 47 artigos selecionados dentre 538 elegíveis, identificaram-se as hipóteses do fenótipo poupador, dos mecanismos epigenéticos e da plasticidade do desenvolvimento como fundamentais para explicar mecanismos envolvidos na saúde e nas doenças durante a vida. Elas admitem a possibilidade de eventos cardiometabólicos e obesidade terem origem em deficiência intraútero de nutrientes que, associados a suprimento alimentar excessivo às necessidades metabólicas nas fases precoces da vida, provoca alterações endócrinas. Todavia pode haver reprogramação fenotípica que supere ambiente restritivo intrauterino para nascidos com baixo peso a partir de oferta nutricional adequada. Assim, o catch-up growth indicaria recuperação da restrição intrauterina e se associaria a benefícios em curto prazo ou prejuízos no adulto.Conclusões:Na dependência de adequação nutricional nos primeiros anos de vida, a plasticidade do desenvolvimento pode levar à reprogramação fenot

Pistola Finca Pinos: ferramenta ou arma de fogo?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Grazinoli Garrido

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo pretende analisar a possibilidade de uso da ferramenta denominada “pistola finca pinos”, utilizada na construção civil, como arma de fogo na execução de crimes contra a vida. Serão examinados os tipos, as características e o mecanismo de funcionamento da pistola finca pinos e munição associada, em comparação às características da arma de fogo, com o objetivo de avaliar sua possível aplicação na prática de crime. Serão verificadas as normas regulamentadoras da venda e manuseio dessa ferramenta, assim como a análise de alguns casos de mortes decorrentes do uso da pistola finca pinos e a diagnose diferencial conferida a cada caso: homicídio, suicídio ou acidente.

Mental disorder and victimisation in prison: Examining the role of mental health treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Daquin, Jane C; Daigle, Leah E

2018-04-01

There is evidence that people with mental disorders are at increased risk of victimisation in prison. It is unclear whether this risk of victimisation varies across types of disorders or symptoms and what role mental health treatment has on victimisation risk in this context. To examine the relationship between specific mental disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and victimisation in prison and the effect of treatment for the disorders on victimisation risk. Using a nationally-representative sample of prisoners, path analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between mental disorder and victimisation. The analyses also examined whether receiving mental health treatment in prison affected any such relationship. Victimisation risk varied with the type of mental disorder or symptoms. Depression, personality disorder, hopelessness, paranoia, and hallucinations were associated with increased victimisation risk. Psychotic illnesses were otherwise negatively associated with victimisation. Receiving mental health treatment in prison was associated with greater risk of victimisation there. Receiving treatment appeared to mediate the relationship between mental disorders, symptoms, and victimisation. The findings suggest that not all inmates with mental disorders are at an increased risk of victimisation. Further, mental health treatment in prison also appears to be a risk factor of victimisation. More research is needed to further elucidate the relationship between mental disorders, treatment, and victimisation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mental Disorders

Science.gov (United States)

Mental disorders include a wide range of problems, including Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, ... disorders, including schizophrenia There are many causes of mental disorders. Your genes and family history may play ...

Mental kontroll under prestasjoner

OpenAIRE

Egeland, Helge

2010-01-01

Mental control in a performance setting was examined based on the theory of ironic processes (Wegner, 1994). The theory of ironic processes argues that attempted mental control can result in intentional or ironic effects. According to the theory, the outcome of mental control is mediated by (a) mental load, (b) concentration and suppression strategies, and (c) learning. These hypotheses were examined by reviewing research related to mental control in a performance setting. This...

Mental Health Mobile Apps: From Infusion to Diffusion in the Mental Health Social System.

Science.gov (United States)

East, Marlene Lynette; Havard, Byron C

2015-01-01

The roles of mental health educators and professionals in the diffusion of mental health mobile apps are addressed in this viewpoint article. Mental health mobile apps are emerging technologies that fit under the broad heading of mobile health (mHealth). mHealth, encompassed within electronic health (eHealth), reflects the use of mobile devices for the practice of public health. Well-designed mental health mobile apps that present content in interactive, engaging, and stimulating ways can promote cognitive learning, personal growth, and mental health enhancement. As key influencers in the mental health social system, counselor educators and professional associations may either help or hinder diffusion of beneficial mHealth technologies. As mental health mobile apps move towards ubiquity, research will continue to be conducted. The studies published thus far, combined with the potential of mental health mobile apps for learning and personal growth, offer enough evidence to compel mental health professionals to infuse these technologies into education and practice. Counselor educators and professional associations must use their influential leadership roles to train students and practitioners in how to research, evaluate, and integrate mental health mobile apps into practice. The objectives of this article are to (1) increase awareness of mHealth and mental health mobile apps, (2) demonstrate the potential for continued growth in mental health mobile apps based on technology use and acceptance theory, mHealth organizational initiatives, and evidence about how humans learn, (3) discuss evidence-based benefits of mental health mobile apps, (4) examine the current state of mHealth diffusion in the mental health profession, and (5) offer solutions for impelling innovation diffusion by infusing mental health mobile apps into education, training, and clinical settings. This discussion has implications for counselor educators, mental health practitioners, associations

On the potential role of glutamate transport in mental fatigue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hansson Elisabeth

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Mental fatigue, with decreased concentration capacity, is common in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, often appearing prior to other major mental or physical neurological symptoms. Mental fatigue also makes rehabilitation more difficult after a stroke, brain trauma, meningitis or encephalitis. As increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are reported in these disorders, we wanted to explore whether or not proinflammatory cytokines could induce mental fatigue, and if so, by what mechanisms. It is well known that proinflammatory cytokines are increased in major depression, "sickness behavior" and sleep deprivation, which are all disorders associated with mental fatigue. Furthermore, an influence by specific proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-1, on learning and memory capacities has been observed in several experimental systems. As glutamate signaling is crucial for information intake and processing within the brain, and due to the pivotal role for glutamate in brain metabolism, dynamic alterations in glutamate transmission could be of pathophysiological importance in mental fatigue. Based on this literature and observations from our own laboratory and others on the role of astroglial cells in the fine-tuning of glutamate neurotransmission we present the hypothesis that the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be involved in the pathophysiology of mental fatigue through their ability to attenuate the astroglial clearance of extracellular glutamate, their disintegration of the blood brain barrier, and effects on astroglial metabolism and metabolic supply for the neurons, thereby attenuating glutamate transmission. To test whether our hypothesis is valid or not, brain imaging techniques should be applied with the ability to register, over time and with increasing cognitive loading, the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and potassium (K+ in humans suffering from

Body image in the person with a stoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, A

1991-01-01

Body image is the mental picture one has of one's physical being that develops from birth and continues throughout life and is related to different factors affecting its formation and dynamics. A crisis such as the creation of a stoma leads to an alteration in body image and an awareness of the meaning of the change in appearance and function of an individual. The individual's behavior is examined in several domains: physical, mental, emotional, social, sexual, and economical. When one domain is disturbed the others will be influenced. A person's rehabilitation after ostomy surgery is a continuous process of adaptation and is directed toward returning to a normal way of life. Many factors affect this adaptation to an alteration in body image and are relevant to the patient and family. These factors include, but are not limited to, the disease process, treatment(s), and medical and nursing care in the hospital and community. Knowledge about actual and potential problems associated with an alteration in body image enables the nurse to assess the meaning of the alteration in body image for the individual patient and family, provide counseling before and after the surgery, and intervene so that the individual will be able to adapt to an alteration in body image and return to one's previous activities of daily living and lifestyle.

Titrating decision processes in the mental rotation task.

Science.gov (United States)

Provost, Alexander; Heathcote, Andrew

2015-10-01

Shepard and Metzler's (1971) seminal mental-rotation task-which requires participants to decide if 1 object is a rotated version of another or its mirror image-has played a central role in the study of spatial cognition. We provide the first quantitative model of behavior in this task that is comprehensive in the sense of simultaneously providing an account of both error rates and the full distribution of response times. We used Brown and Heathcote's (2008) model of choice processing to separate out the contributions of mental rotation and decision stages. This model-based titration process was applied to data from a paradigm where converging evidence supported performance being based on rotation rather than other strategies. Stimuli were similar to Shepard and Metzler's block figures except a long major axis made rotation angle well defined for mirror stimuli, enabling comprehensive modeling of both mirror and normal responses. Results supported a mental rotation stage based on Larsen's (2014) model, where rotation takes a variable amount of time with a mean and variance that increase linearly with rotation angle. Differences in response threshold differences were largely responsible for mirror responses being slowed, and for errors increasing with rotation angle for some participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Cyber-Imageability

OpenAIRE

Simone Ferracina

2011-01-01

Experiencing an environment triggers a two-way exchange between the environment and its observer, a process that bridges materiality and immateriality by creating what Kevin Lynch calls an “environmental image”. Such an image consists in a “generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual” and it is critical in contributing to the subject’s ability to engage his/her environment, from orientation and way-finding to social interaction and emotional mooring...

Steppic environments at the end of the upper pleistocene in southern Tunisia (Oued el Akarit)

Science.gov (United States)

Brun, Annik; Guerin, Claude; Levy, Alain; Riser, Jean; Rognon, Pierre

The cross section of the Oued el Akarit, 25 km North of Gabès, is of considerable importance for the paleoenvironmental reconstitution of South Tunisia at the end of the Upper Pleistocene. Grey or black silts and clays and greenish gray sands which overlap them, contain many paleontological remains: rodents, birds and Rhinoceros bones, Gasteropods, Foraminifera, Ostracoda and pollen. All these sedimentological, faunistic or botanical indications allow to consider that this area, between approximatively 35,000 and 22,000 yr. B.P., belonged to the steppe domaine. But this steppe was probably more dense and more diversified than the present-day steppe which receives 170 mm of rain (annual average). This conclusion is in good agreement with the other paleoenvironmental data from the Chott Djerid, the Matmata plateau or the Gulf of Gabès cores, areas situated at about 100 km to the West, the South or the East of the Oued el Akarit.

Improved hydrogen production by uptake hydrogenase deficient mutant strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kars, Goekhan; Guenduez, Ufuk; Yuecel, Meral [Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara (Turkey); Rakhely, Gabor; Kovacs, Kornel L. [Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged (Hungary); Eroglu, Inci [Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara (Turkey)

2008-06-15

Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001 is a purple non-sulfur bacterium producing hydrogen under photoheterotrophic conditions. Hydrogen is produced by Mo-nitrogenase enzyme and substantial amount of H{sub 2} is reoxidized by a membrane-bound uptake hydrogenase in the wild type strain. To improve the hydrogen producing capacity of the cells, a suicide vector containing a gentamicin cassette in the hupSL genes was introduced into R. sphaeroiodes O.U.001 and the uptake hydrogenase genes were destroyed by site directed mutagenesis. The correct integration of the construct was confirmed by uptake hydrogenase activity measurement, PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. The wild type and the mutant cells showed similar growth patterns but the total volume of hydrogen gas evolved by the mutant was 20% higher than that of the wild type strain. This result demonstrated that the hydrogen produced by the nitrogenase was not consumed by uptake hydrogenase leading to higher hydrogen production. (author)

How does maternal oxytocin influence children's mental health problem and maternal mental health problem?

Science.gov (United States)

Tse, Wai S; Siu, Angela F Y; Wong, Tracy K Y

2017-12-01

This study aims to explore the interrelationship among maternal oxytocin (OT) responsiveness, maternal mental health, maternal parenting behavior, and mental health of children under a free-play interaction. 61 mother-child dyads were recruited for the study. Maternal mental health problem and parenting self-efficacy were measured using self-reported questionnaires. The mental health problems of children were also evaluated using a mother-reported questionnaire. Furthermore, salivary OT was collected before and after a standardized 10min free-play interaction. Parenting behaviors, including eye gaze and touch, were measured during the free-play interaction. Maternal OT responsiveness was significantly associated with less maternal mental health problem, touch frequency, and mental health problem of children but not with parenting self-efficacy. In the multivariate linear regression analysis that considers maternal OT responsiveness and maternal and children's mental health problems, maternal OT responsiveness was not associated with the mental health problems of children. This result suggested that maternal mental health problem played a mediational role between maternal OT responsiveness and the mental health problem of children. Results supported the assertion that maternal OT responsiveness contributed to the increased risk of maternal mental health problems and, subsequently, the risk of mental health problems of their children. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Resenha de: Le "Peso Politico de Todo el Mundo" d'Anthony Sherley ou Un

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eurípedes Simões de Paula

1963-09-01

Full Text Available FLORES (Xavier A.. — Le "Peso Politico de Todo el Mundo" d'An-thony Sherley ou Un Aventurier au Service de I'Espagne. École Pratique des Hautes Études. VIe section. Centre de Recherches Historiques. Paris. S.E.V.P.E.N. Collection "Bi-bliothèque générale". 1963.

Mental Health

Science.gov (United States)

Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel and act as ... stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from ...

Promoting Mental Health and Preventing Mental Illness in General Practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Steve; Jenkins, Rachel; Burch, Tony; Calamos Nasir, Laura; Fisher, Brian; Giotaki, Gina; Gnani, Shamini; Hertel, Lise; Marks, Marina; Mathers, Nigel; Millington-Sanders, Catherine; Morris, David; Ruprah-Shah, Baljeet; Stange, Kurt; Thomas, Paul; White, Robert; Wright, Fiona

2016-01-01

This paper calls for the routine integration of mental health promotion and prevention into UK General Practice in order to reduce the burden of mental and physical disorders and the ensuing pressure on General Practice. The proposals & the resulting document (https://ethicscharity.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/rcgp_keymsg_150925_v5.pdf) arise from an expert 'Think Tank' convened by the London Journal of Primary Care, Educational Trust for Health Improvement through Cognitive Strategies (ETHICS Foundation) and the Royal College of General Practitioners. It makes 12 recommendations for General Practice: (1) Mental health promotion and prevention are too important to wait. (2) Work with your community to map risk factors, resources and assets. (3) Good health care, medicine and best practice are biopsychosocial rather than purely physical. (4) Integrate mental health promotion and prevention into your daily work. (5) Boost resilience in your community through approaches such as community development. (6) Identify people at increased risk of mental disorder for support and screening. (7) Support early intervention for people of all ages with signs of illness. (8) Maintain your biopsychosocial skills. (9) Ensure good communication, interdisciplinary team working and inter-sectoral working with other staff, teams and agencies. (10) Lead by example, taking action to promote the resilience of the general practice workforce. (11) Ensure mental health is appropriately included in the strategic agenda for your 'cluster' of General Practices, at the Clinical Commissioning Groups, and the Health and Wellbeing Board. (12) Be aware of national mental health strategies and localise them, including action to destigmatise mental illness within the context of community development.

HABILIDADES SOCIAIS EM ALUNOS COM RETARDO MENTAL: ANÁLISE DE NECESSIDADES E CONDIÇÕES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Vera Lúcia Barbosa

2012-04-01

Full Text Available O conceito funcional de retardo mental destaca a necessidade de desenvolvimento das condutas adaptativas dessa clientela, principalmente habilidades de relacionamento. Este estudo buscou caracterizar o repertório interpessoal de 18 alunos de duas classes de uma Instituição para deficientes mentais e as diferenças entre essas duas classes em termos de condições existentes para desenvolvê-lo, considerando: objetivos e expectativas do professor, procedimentos, materiais, conteúdos e contexto físico da classe. Os dados, obtidos por observação direta, documentos da escola e inventários respondidos pelas duas professoras foram objeto de análise qualitativa e quantitativa e mostraram que: a as condições educativas eram, ou poderiam ser, favoráveis à promoção de habilidades sociais, porém pouco exploradas pelas professoras; b os procedimentos das professoras eram as condições mais visíveis e críticas mas geralmente restritivas das habilidades sociais dos alunos; c a qualidade das interações professora-alunos parecia variar de acordo com habilidades sociais educativas das professoras; d os colegas ofereciam condições importantes para a promoção dessas habilidades. Discute-se questões práticas e de pesquisa nessa área. Palavras-chave: ensino especial, retardo mental, habilidades sociais

Mentalization, insightfulness, and therapeutic action. The importance of mental organization.

Science.gov (United States)

Sugarman, Alan

2006-08-01

Continuing debates over the relative importance of the role of interpretation leading to insight versus the relationship with the analyst as contributing to structural change are based on traditional definitions of insight as gaining knowledge of unconscious content. This definition inevitably privileges verbal interpretation as self-knowledge becomes equated with understanding the contents of the mind. It is suggested that a way out of this debate is to redefine insight as a process, one that is called insightfulness. This term builds on concepts such as mentalization, or theory of mind, and suggests that patients present with difficulties being able to fully mentalize. Awareness of repudiated content will usually accompany the attainment of insightfulness. But the point of insightfulness is to regain access to inhibited or repudiated mentalization, not to specific content, per se. Emphasizing the process of insightfulness integrates the importance of the relationship with the analyst with the facilitation of insightfulness. A variety of interventions help patients gain the capacity to reflect upon and become aware of the intricate workings of their minds, of which verbal interpretation is only one. For example, often it seems less important to focus on a particular conflict than to show interest in our patients' minds. Furthermore, analysands develop insightfulness by becoming interested in and observing our minds in action. Because the mind originates in bodily experience, mental functioning will always fluctuate between action modes of experiencing and expressing and verbal, symbolic modes. The analyst's role becomes making the patient aware of regressions to action modes, understanding the reasons for doing so, and subordinating this tendency to the verbal, symbolic mode. All mental functions work better and facilitate greater self-regulation when they work in abstract, symbolic ways. Psychopathology can be understood as failing to develop or losing the

The effect of pleasant olfactory mental imagery on the incidence and extent of atelectasis in patients after open heart surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Rezaei-Nodehi, Masoud; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Bagheri-Nesami, Masoumeh; Ghafari, Rahman; Yazdani-Charati, Jamshid; Darbeheshti, Manizheh

2018-02-01

Atelectasis is the most common pulmonary complication after open heart surgery. This study was intended to examine the effects of pleasant olfactory mental imagery on postoperative atelectasis in patients undergoing open heart surgery. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. The sample consisted of 80 patients who were randomly assigned to either practice olfactory mental imagery (test group) or receive routine care (control group). A card with the image of roses was given to patients and they were asked to look at the image, visualize the scent of roses in the mind, and then sniff as much as possible, hold their breath for 2s and eventually exhale slowly through the nose. This procedure was consecutively repeated five times. After a fifteen-minute break, patients proceeded to practice olfactory mental imagery with other fruit images (banana, apple, and lemon). The test group executed the olfactory mental imagery for two hours in the morning and two hours in the afternoon on postoperative days 1 and 2. The control group received the routine ICU care. A questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics and clinical parameters. Chest radiographs were used to diagnose atelectasis, which were evaluated by the hospital radiologist. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding sociodemographic, medical and surgical information. The incidence of atelectasis in the test group (40%, n=16) was significantly lower than in the control group (67.5%, n=27) on postoperative day 2 (p=0.02). Our findings suggest that olfactory mental imagery can improve respiratory function and reduce the risk of atelectasis in patients with cardiac surgery. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nostalgic image of a child: from romanticism to Victorianism

OpenAIRE

Krupenina M.I.

2018-01-01

In the article the author has researched the traditions of examining the child’s image and its functions as well as considered the features of artistic reception of the child’s image and childhood. The researcher has pointed out the child’s image as a nostalgic phenomenon under conditions of changes, typical for English mentality in the XVIII-XIXth centuries. The study of the child’s image makes it possible to understand its main role and function in adult thinking as a memorative object, as ...

The Impact of Mental Health Reform on Mental Illness Stigmas in Israel.

Science.gov (United States)

Ben Natan, Merav; Drori, Tal; Hochman, Ohad

2017-12-01

This study examined public perception of stigmas relating to mental illness six months after a reform, which integrated mental health care into primary care in Israel. The results reveal that the public feels uncomfortable seeking referral to mental health services through the public health system, with Arab Israelis and men expressing lower levels of comfort than did Jewish Israelis. The current reform has not solved the issue of public stigma regarding mental health care. The study suggests that the current reforms must be accompanied over time with appropriate public education regarding mental illness. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT images

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, Toshiaki; Kattoh, Keiichi; Kawakami, Genichiroh; Igami, Isao; Mariya, Yasushi; Nakamura, Yasuhiko; Saitoh, Yohko; Tamura, Koreroku; Shinozaki, Tatsuyo

1986-09-01

Computed tomography (CT) has the ability to provide sensitive visualization of organs and lesions. Owing to the nature of CT to be transaxial images, a structure which is greater than a certain size appears as several serial CT images. Consequently each observer must reconstruct those images into a three-dimensional (3-D) form mentally. It has been supposed to be of great use if such a 3-D form can be described as a definite figure. A new computer program has been developed which can produce 3-D figures from the profiles of organs and lesions on CT images using spline curves. The figures obtained through this method are regarded to have practical applications.

Deployment, Mental Health Problems, Suicidality, and Use of Mental Health Services Among Military Personnel.

Science.gov (United States)

Chu, Carol; Stanley, Ian H; Hom, Melanie A; Lim, Ingrid C; Joiner, Thomas E

2016-01-01

Following deployment, soldiers may struggle to cope with the after-effects of combat service and experience increased suicidality. Therefore, connection to mental health services is vital. Research regarding the relationship between deployment, suicidality, and mental health connections has been equivocal, with some studies finding a link between deployment history and mental health outcomes, and others not. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of military deployment on mental health and service utilization outcomes using a longitudinal design. Deployment history, mental health visits, symptoms of suicidality, and various mental health outcomes were assessed in a sample of 1,566 Army recruiters at study entry and 18-months follow-up. Deployment history was positively associated with mental health visits, number of major depressive episodes, and acquired capability for suicide at baseline; however, no significant relationship between deployment, mental health visits, and any other suicide or mental health-related outcomes emerged at baseline or follow-up. Findings suggest a disconnection from mental health services among military personnel. Implications for treatment and suicide prevention efforts among military personnel are discussed.

Effects of visual arts instruction on the mental health of adults with mental retardation and mental illness.

Science.gov (United States)

Malley, Sharon M; Dattilo, John; Gast, David

2002-08-01

Single-subject multiple probe designs were employed in two studies with 5 young adults who had a dual diagnosis of mental retardation and mental illness. Our aim was to determine effects of instruction designed to teach visual arts activity skills and promote personal expressiveness on acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of these skills and behaviors associated with these persons' mental health. In Study 1, a 5-second constant time delay procedure was used to teach three chosen art activities. In Study 2, an instructional package was used to promote personally expressive behaviors. After learning the skills in Study 1, participants in Study 2 displayed improvement in occurrence of behaviors associated with mental illness and increases in personally expressive behaviors.

Mentalizing animals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kasperbauer, Tyler Joshua

2017-01-01

Ethicists have tended to treat the psychology of attributing mental states to animals as an entirely separate issue from the moral importance of animals’ mental states. In this paper I bring these two issues together. I argue for two theses, one descriptive and one normative. The descriptive thesis...... holds that ordinary human agents use what are generally called phenomenal mental states (e.g., pain and other emotions) to assign moral considerability to animals. I examine recent empirical research on the attribution of phenomenal states and agential states (e.g., memory and intelligence) to argue...... that phenomenal mental states are the primary factor, psychologically, for judging an animal to be morally considerable. I further argue that, given the role of phenomenal states in assigning moral considerability, certain theories in animal ethics will meet significant psychological resistance. The normative...

Quality of life of people with mental health problems: a synthesis of qualitative research.

Science.gov (United States)

Connell, Janice; Brazier, John; O'Cathain, Alicia; Lloyd-Jones, Myfanwy; Paisley, Suzy

2012-11-22

To identify the domains of quality of life important to people with mental health problems. A systematic review of qualitative research undertaken with people with mental health problems using a framework synthesis. We identified six domains: well-being and ill-being; control, autonomy and choice; self-perception; belonging; activity; and hope and hopelessness. Firstly, symptoms or 'ill-being' were an intrinsic aspect of quality of life for people with severe mental health problems. Additionally, a good quality of life was characterised by the feeling of being in control (particularly of distressing symptoms), autonomy and choice; a positive self-image; a sense of belonging; engagement in meaningful and enjoyable activities; and feelings of hope and optimism. Conversely, a poor quality life, often experienced by those with severe mental health difficulties, was characterized by feelings of distress; lack of control, choice and autonomy; low self-esteem and confidence; a sense of not being part of society; diminished activity; and a sense of hopelessness and demoralization. Generic measures fail to address the complexity of quality of life measurement and the broad range of domains important to people with mental health problems.

Quality of life of people with mental health problems: a synthesis of qualitative research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Connell Janice

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Purpose To identify the domains of quality of life important to people with mental health problems. Method A systematic review of qualitative research undertaken with people with mental health problems using a framework synthesis. Results We identified six domains: well-being and ill-being; control, autonomy and choice; self-perception; belonging; activity; and hope and hopelessness. Firstly, symptoms or ‘ill-being’ were an intrinsic aspect of quality of life for people with severe mental health problems. Additionally, a good quality of life was characterised by the feeling of being in control (particularly of distressing symptoms, autonomy and choice; a positive self-image; a sense of belonging; engagement in meaningful and enjoyable activities; and feelings of hope and optimism. Conversely, a poor quality life, often experienced by those with severe mental health difficulties, was characterized by feelings of distress; lack of control, choice and autonomy; low self-esteem and confidence; a sense of not being part of society; diminished activity; and a sense of hopelessness and demoralization. Conclusions Generic measures fail to address the complexity of quality of life measurement and the broad range of domains important to people with mental health problems.

Implementation of Enhanced Attenuation at the DOE Mound Site OU-1 Landfill: Accelerating Progress and Reducing Costs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hooten, Gwendolyn [U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management; Cato, Rebecca [Navarro Research and Engineering; Looney, Brian [Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC

2016-03-06

At the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Legacy Management, Mound, Ohio, Site, chlorinated organic contaminants (cVOCs) originating from the former solid-waste landfill have impacted groundwater in Operable Unit 1 (OU-1). The baseline groundwater remedy was groundwater pump and treat (P&T). Since the source materials have been removed from the landfill, the Mound core team, which consists of DOE, US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Ohio EPA, and other stakeholders, is assessing the feasibility of switching from the active P&T remedy to a passive attenuation-based remedy. Toward this end, an enhanced attenuation (EA) strategy based on the creation of structured geochemical zones was developed. This EA strategy addresses the residual areas of elevated cVOCs in soil and groundwater while minimizing the rebound of groundwater concentrations above regulatory targets (e.g., maximum contaminant levels [MCLs]) and avoiding plume expansion while the P&T system is turned off. The EA strategy has improved confidence and reduced risk on the OU-1 groundwater transition path to monitored natural attenuation (MNA). To better evaluate the EA strategy, DOE is conducting a field demonstration to evaluate the use of edible oils to enhance the natural attenuation processes. The field demonstration is designed to determine whether structured geochemical zones can be established that expedite the attenuation of cVOCs in the OU-1 groundwater. The EA approach at OU-1 was designed based on “structured geochemical zones” and relies on groundwater flow through a succession of anaerobic and aerobic zones. The anaerobic zones stimulate relatively rapid degradation of the original solvent source compounds (e.g., cVOCs such as tetrachloroethene [PCE] and trichloroethene [TCE]). The surrounding aerobic areas encourage relatively rapid degradation of daughter products (such as dichloroethene [DCE] and vinyl chloride [VC]) as well as enhanced cometabolism of TCE resulting from

Brain networks underlying mental imagery of auditory and visual information.

Science.gov (United States)

Zvyagintsev, Mikhail; Clemens, Benjamin; Chechko, Natalya; Mathiak, Krystyna A; Sack, Alexander T; Mathiak, Klaus

2013-05-01

Mental imagery is a complex cognitive process that resembles the experience of perceiving an object when this object is not physically present to the senses. It has been shown that, depending on the sensory nature of the object, mental imagery also involves correspondent sensory neural mechanisms. However, it remains unclear which areas of the brain subserve supramodal imagery processes that are independent of the object modality, and which brain areas are involved in modality-specific imagery processes. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to reveal supramodal and modality-specific networks of mental imagery for auditory and visual information. A common supramodal brain network independent of imagery modality, two separate modality-specific networks for imagery of auditory and visual information, and a common deactivation network were identified. The supramodal network included brain areas related to attention, memory retrieval, motor preparation and semantic processing, as well as areas considered to be part of the default-mode network and multisensory integration areas. The modality-specific networks comprised brain areas involved in processing of respective modality-specific sensory information. Interestingly, we found that imagery of auditory information led to a relative deactivation within the modality-specific areas for visual imagery, and vice versa. In addition, mental imagery of both auditory and visual information widely suppressed the activity of primary sensory and motor areas, for example deactivation network. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms that are involved in generation of mental imagery. © 2013 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Public and Private Responsibility for Mental Health: Mental Health's Fourth Revolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Dokecki, Paul R.

Three revolutions in the history of mental health were identified by Nicholas Hobbs: the humane revolution, the scientific and therapeutic revolution, and the public health revolution. The shift of responsibilities for mental health and substance abuse services from the public to the private sector may constitute a fourth mental health revolution.…

Individual factors and perceived community characteristics in relation to mental health and mental well-being.

Science.gov (United States)

McAneney, Helen; Tully, Mark A; Hunter, Ruth F; Kouvonen, Anne; Veal, Philip; Stevenson, Michael; Kee, Frank

2015-12-12

It has been argued that though correlated with mental health, mental well-being is a distinct entity. Despite the wealth of literature on mental health, less is known about mental well-being. Mental health is something experienced by individuals, whereas mental well-being can be assessed at the population level. Accordingly it is important to differentiate the individual and population level factors (environmental and social) that could be associated with mental health and well-being, and as people living in deprived areas have a higher prevalence of poor mental health, these relationships should be compared across different levels of neighbourhood deprivation. A cross-sectional representative random sample of 1,209 adults from 62 Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Belfast, Northern Ireland (Feb 2010 - Jan 2011) were recruited in the PARC Study. Interview-administered questionnaires recorded data on socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, individual social capital, self-rated health, mental health (SF-8) and mental well-being (WEMWBS). Multi-variable linear regression analyses, with inclusion of clustering by SOAs, were used to explore the associations between individual and perceived community characteristics and mental health and mental well-being, and to investigate how these associations differed by the level of neighbourhood deprivation. Thirty-eight and 30 % of variability in the measures of mental well-being and mental health, respectively, could be explained by individual factors and the perceived community characteristics. In the total sample and stratified by neighbourhood deprivation, age, marital status and self-rated health were associated with both mental health and well-being, with the 'social connections' and local area satisfaction elements of social capital also emerging as explanatory variables. An increase of +1 in EQ-5D-3 L was associated with +1SD of the population mean in both mental health and well-being. Similarly, a

The apport of functional cerebral imaging in the psychiatric pathology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maktouf, Ch.; Kotzki, P.O.; Humbert, Th.

1992-01-01

Recent advances in medical brain imaging using structural and functional brain imaging techniques have contributed to the investigation of the living human brain. These new techniques hold great promise for the evaluation and understanding mental disorders. We report the position emission tomography (PET) and the more widely available single emission photon (SPECT) studies, as functional brain imaging, to assess regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow in psychiatric illness. (author)

MENTAL HEALTH: ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muzdalifah M. Rahman

2015-02-01

of mental health, especially mental health needs to be developed with an Islamic perspective various studies and research, especially the development of mental health recovery means Islamic perspective.

Weighing the options : Compulsory treatment, mental capacity and decision making in anorexia nervosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Elzakkers, I.F.F.M.

2017-01-01

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness impacting on all life domains and one of the leading causes of burden of disease in young females. Lifetime prevalence is 1 to 4 % in Europe indicating that AN is not uncommon. Central features are an intense fear of weight gain, body image

Significance of mental health legislation for successful primary care for mental health and community mental health services: A review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Getinet Ayano

2018-03-01

Conclusion: Mental health legislation plays a crucial role in community integration of persons with mental disorders, integration of mental health at primary health care, the provision of care of high quality and the improvement of access to care at community level. It is vital and essential to have MHL for every country.

La crise de l'eau : faut-il accroître l'approvisionnement ou améliorer ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

-Mellal à Marrakech, aller chercher l'eau est un travail d'enfant. Sur les plaines rocheuses où des chèvres maigrichonnes broutent une herbe peu abondante, garçonnets et fillettes qui n'ont parfois que trois ou quatre ans ...

Padrão fundamental de movimento : uma analise universal ou contextual?

OpenAIRE

Inara Marques

1995-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se houve modificação ou alteração nos níveis de desenvolvimento em relação ao objetivo da tarefa. Para este fim, os padrões fundamentais de movimento arremessar e chutar foram executados em duas situações diferentes: ao alvo e à distância e analisados em 50 crianças de 7 anos de idade. Estas crianças foram selecionadas na Escola Municipal de 10grau "Violeta Dória Lins", localizada no bairro Vila Rica, no município de Campinas (SP) e as tarefa...

The relationship between stressors and mental health among Japanese middle-aged women in urban areas.

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Junko; Takeda, Fumi; Kishi, Kaori; Monma, Takafumi

2017-04-27

In middle age, some people may become mentally or emotionally unstable. Additionally, in Japan, mood disorders, such as depressive symptoms, occur mostly among middle-aged women (i.e., aged 40-49 years). However, few studies have examined stressors related to mental health. In the present study, we developed a stressor scale for middle-aged women and examined stressors correlated with middle-aged women's mental health. In January 2015, an anonymous, self-administered survey was mailed to 1,000 randomly selected women aged 45 through 64 years living in Tokyo, Japan. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 329 women (32.9 percent). Factor analysis identified the following stressor categories: "relationship with my husband," "uneasiness about old age," "health concerns," "work-life balance," and "relationship with my friends." "Uneasiness about old age" and "health concerns" were correlated negatively with participants' mental health. Improving middle-aged women's health requires interventions that relieve stressors resulting from age-related problems and promote a positive image of old age.

Racismo ou injúria racial? Como o Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais se posiciona diante dos conflitos raciais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Franco Lima e Silva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma análise dos acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais sobre os processos que tenham, como ponto central, práticas identificadas como racismo, discriminação ou preconceito de raça ou de cor. Com isso, buscamos responder às seguintes questões: que tipos de conflitos envolvendo raça ou cor são julgados, em segunda instância, pelo Tribunal; que atos, palavras e expressões estão presentes nesses casos; e quais são os argumentos utilizados e as estratégias discursivas empregadas pelos réus, pelos autores e pelos juízes na administração do conflito. Nossos resultados indicam que o sistema jurídico mineiro tende a descontextualizar expressões historicamente racistas, negando que a origem do conflito seja o preconceito racial, o que mantém a desigualdade característica de nossa sociedade.

Cyber-Imageability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simone Ferracina

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Experiencing an environment triggers a two-way exchange between the environment and its observer, a process that bridges materiality and immateriality by creating what Kevin Lynch calls an “environmental image”. Such an image consists in a “generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual” and it is critical in contributing to the subject’s ability to engage his/her environment, from orientation and way-finding to social interaction and emotional mooring.

Mental Labels and Tattoos

Science.gov (United States)

Hyatt, I. Ralph

1977-01-01

Discusses the ease with which mental labels become imprinted in our system, six basic axioms for maintaining negative mental tattoos, and psychological processes for eliminating mental tattoos and labels. (RK)

Do vazio mental ao vazio corporal: um olhar psicanalítico sobre as comunidades virtuais pró-anorexia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melina Vianna Fava

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Ambientes virtuais “pró-anorexia”, ou seja, voltados à promoção e perpetuação do transtorno em questão, têm se proliferado na internet pelo mundo todo. O presente artigo tem como objetivo empreender uma leitura psicanalítica de comunidades virtuais desta natureza. Trata-se de um estudo documental, no qual se privilegiou a abordagem qualitativa e o enfoque naturalístico. As descrições de dez comunidades virtuais “pró-anorexia” brasileiras foram submetidas a análises descritivas e exploratórias. Tais análises evidenciam que a negação da natureza psicopatológica do transtorno e a recusa da própria feminilidade fomentam a conduta anoréxica. Observou-se também uma tendência à personificação da anorexia nervosa, o que pode ser indicador de uma importante fragilidade narcísica. Dessa forma, consideramos oportuno alinhar a anorexia nervosa ao conceito nosográfico de vazio mental, condição patológica potencializada pela sociedade atual. Portanto, entendemos que, na anorexia nervosa, os ditames repressores da cultura promovem uma espécie de transposição do vazio mental ao vazio corporal.

Percepção da saúde mental em policiais militares da força tática e de rua The perception of mental health in military police officers of the tactical force and street officers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katya Luciane de Oliveira

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A vida laboral do policial militar está permeada por situações que envolvem estresse extremo. Esse fato pode gerar possíveis quadros de desequilíbrio emocional. Assim, explorar a percepção de policiais militares da força tática e de rua acerca dos aspectos que permeiam sua saúde mental foi o objetivo deste estudo. Participaram 24 policiais militares de dois Batalhões da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo. Para aqueles que consentiram na participação, foi aplicado individualmente uma escala com 30 questões, abordando assuntos relativos ao tema. Os resultados evidenciaram que os participantes (91,7%, sempre ou às vezes, percebiam-se estressados; uma parte (41,7% relatou já ter agido impulsivamente em alguma ocorrência; 88,3%, sempre ou às vezes, se sentiam emocionalmente cansados após o dia de trabalho; 62,5% afirmaram que às vezes percebiam-se agressivos no trabalho; 20,8% já pensaram em suicídio e 8,3% nunca se sentiam realizados com a profissão. Sugere-se a necessidade de novos estudos.In his work, the military police officer is constantly exposed to situations involving extreme stress. It can result in a state of emotional imbalance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the perception of the military police officers, both the tactical force and the street officers, regarding the aspects that affect their mental health. The participants were 24 military police officers, from two battalions of the Military Police of the state of São Paulo. Those who consented to participate had to answer, individually, 30 questions addressing issues related to the topic. The results showed that the participants (91.7% sometimes, or always, feel stressed; some of them (41.7% reported that they sometimes act on impulse; 88.3% sometimes, or always, feel emotionally exhausted after a day of work; 62.5% said they had been aggressive at work; 20.8% had already considered suicide; and 8.3% were not satisfied with their jobs. In

Involuntary detention and treatment of the mentally ill: China's 2012 Mental Health Law.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Chunyan

2014-01-01

The long-awaited Mental Health Law of China was passed on 26 October 2012 and took effect on 1 May 2013. Being the first national legislation on mental health, it establishes a basic legal framework to regulate mental health practice and recognizes the fundamental rights of persons with mental disorders. This article focuses on the system of involuntary detention and treatment of the mentally ill under the new law, which is expected to prevent the so-called "Being misidentified as mentally disordered" cases in China. A systematic examination of the new system demonstrates that the Mental Health Law of China implicitly holds two problematic assumptions and does not provide adequate protection of the fundamental rights of the involuntary patients. Administrative enactments and further national legislative efforts are needed to remedy these flaws in the new law. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pakistan mental health country profile.

Science.gov (United States)

Karim, Salman; Saeed, Khalid; Rana, Mowaddat Hussain; Mubbashar, Malik Hussain; Jenkins, Rachel

2004-01-01

The Republic of Pakistan is a South East Asian country with a population of over 140.7 million. Its population is fast growing and the majority (70%) live in rural areas with a feudal or tribal value system. The economy is dependent on agriculture and 35% of the population live below the poverty line. Islam is the main religion and 'mental illnesses' are stigmatized and widely perceived to have supernatural causes. The traditional healers along with psychiatric services are the main mental health service providers. The number of trained mental health professionals is small as compared to the population demands and specialist services are virtually non-existent. Lack of data on prevalence of various mental illnesses and monitory constraints are the major hurdles in the development of mental health services. A number of innovative programmes to develop indigenous models of care like the 'Community Mental Health Programme' and 'Schools Mental Health Programme' have been developed. These programmes have been found effective in reducing stigma and increase awareness of mental illness amongst the adults and children living in rural areas. Efforts by the government and mental health professionals have led to the implementation of a 'National Mental Health Policy' and 'Mental Health Act' in 2001. These aim at integrating mental health services with the existing health services, improving mental health care delivery and safeguarding the rights of mentally ill people. A favourable political will and the help of international institutions like the World Health Organization are required to achieve these aims.

‘Flash-forwards’ and suicidal ideation: A prospective investigation of mental imagery, entrapment and defeat in a cohort from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey

OpenAIRE

Ng, Roger M.K.; Di Simplicio, Martina; McManus, Freda; Kennerley, Helen; Holmes, Emily A.

2016-01-01

‘Flash-forwards’ - mental images of suicide - have been reported in selected Caucasian samples. Perceptions of defeat and entrapment are considered to be associated with suicidal ideation. We aimed to investigate (1) the presence of suicidalflash-forwards in people with recent suicidal ideation versus those without such ideation in an Asian sample, and (2) associations between suicidal flash-forwards, and perceptions of entrapment accounting for suicidal ideation. Eighty two suicidal a...

The Effect of Using Bizarre Images as Mnemonics to Enhance Vocabulary Learning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hassan Saleh Mahdi

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Mnemonic is a technique that helps someone remember better. The combination of images with mnemonics can make it more powerful and effective to help language learners remember better and for a longer time. Acquiring L2 vocabulary can be enhanced by using images. In the previous studies, mnemonics were used traditionally, that is, learners were asked to create a mental image to remember a word or any new item. Several studies were conducted to explore the use of mental images as mnemonics for vocabulary learning. However, no study has examined the integration of images as a mnemonic tool for vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effect of images as mnemonics on vocabulary acquisition. The study examined the effect of images as a mnemonic tool for vocabulary acquisition in three conditions (i.e. normal images, bizarre images and traditional way of learning vocabulary. Sixty Arab learners of English as a foreign language enrolled in the English Department at Hodeidah University participated in this study and were randomly assigned into three groups. This study used an experimental method in which pre-, post- and delayed post-tests were administered to these groups. The results indicated that mnemonics with the help of images are useful tools to help learners remember many words. Keywords: Bizarre images, Multimedia, Mnemonics, Vocabulary learning, Vocabulary retention.

Saúde mental versus doença mental

OpenAIRE

Sá, Luís

2010-01-01

Neste artigo são sintetizadas um conjunto de leituras realizadas para a moderação da mesa “Saúde Mental versus Doença Mental”. Pretendemos contribuir para a reflexão sobre a dificuldade de consensos para a definição objectiva de saúde e doença mental.

La prise en charge des troubles de santé mentale par les omnipraticiens du Québec

Science.gov (United States)

Fleury, Marie-Josée; Farand, Lambert; Aubé, Denise; Imboua, Armelle

2012-01-01

Résumé Objectif Cette recherche vise à documenter la prise en charge des troubles mentaux (TM) par les omnipraticiens. Type d’étude Il s’agit d’une étude mixte intégrant un questionnaire auto-administré et des entrevues qualitatives. La banque de données administratives des actes médicaux de la Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec a aussi été analysée. Contexte La province de Québec. Participants Un total de 1415 omnipraticiens de différents lieux de pratiques ont été sollicités pour le questionnaire; 970 ont été rejoints. Un sous-groupe de 60 omnipraticiens a été rejoint pour les entrevues. Principaux paramètres à l'étude La prévalence annuelle des consultations reliées à des TM courants (TMC) ou graves (TMG), les pratiques cliniques, les pratiques de collaboration, les facteurs facilitant ou entravant la prise en charge des TM, ainsi que les recommandations pour l’amélioration du système de soins. Résultats Le taux de réponse a été de 41% (n = 398 omnipraticiens) pour le questionnaire et de 63% (n = 60) pour les entrevues. Environ 25 % des visites chez les omnipraticiens sont associées à des TM. Presque tous les omnipraticiens prennent en charge des TMC et se sentent compétents pour le faire, à l’inverse de la situation retrouvée pour les TMG. Près de 20 % des TMC sont référés (principalement à des intervenants psychosociaux), alors que près de 75 % des TMG sont référés (surtout en psychiatrie et à l’urgence). Plus de 50 % des omnipraticiens affirment n’entretenir aucun contact avec l’une ou l’autre des ressources de santé mentale. Plusieurs facteurs influencent la prise en charge des TM: les profils des patients (complexité des TM, troubles concomitants); les caractéristiques des omnipraticiens (réseau informel, formation); la culture professionnelle (travail en silo, mécanismes cliniques formalisés); le milieu institutionnel (multidisciplinarité, salariat); l’organisation des

Charles et ses images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne-Marie Baron

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Charles Bovary est probablement le personnage qui a été le plus transformé par les cinéastes qui ont adapté le roman de Flaubert. Si les premiers adaptateurs l’ont traité en victime, peu à peu, le cinéma a commencé à souligner la dimension néfaste sous-jacente du personnage et à lui faire porter une large part de responsabilité dans la descente aux enfers d’Emma. Depuis Pierre Renoir, touchant et authentique, jusqu’à Gregg Edelman, le mari de Little children qui fantasme sur les photos d’une pin-up virtuelle, en passant par les images plus ou moins pathétiques ou ridicules de Van Heflin, Aribert Wäscher, Alberto Bello, Jean-François Balmer, Farooq Shaikh ou Luis-Miguel Cintra, Charles, plus que tout autre personnage du roman, a subi une incroyable métamorphose en s’ancrant dans la civilisation de chacun des pays et de chacune des décennies successives qui l’ont porté à l’écran.From the 1930s to the present, Charles Bovary is probably the most altered character in the adaptations of Flaubert’s novel. The first directors made a victim of him, but gradually, the cinema began to emphasize his deleterious dimension and attributed to him a large part of the responsibility for Emma’s grief. From Pierre Renoir, touching and authentic, to Gregg Edelman, who fantasizes on a pornographic website in Todd Field’s Little Children, the more or less pathetic or ridiculous portrayals given by Van Heflin, Aribert Wäscher,Alberto Bello, Jean-François Balmer, Farooq Shaikh or Luis-Miguel Cintra, show that more than any other character in the novel, Charles has been submitted to a serious metamorphosis by being interpreted on screen according to each country’s civilization and the successive decades of filming.

Medical imaging was boosted by the discovery of artificial radioactivity; L'imagerie medicale revelee par la radioactivite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demarthon, F; Dupuy-Maury, F; Donnars, O

2002-08-01

This article draws the history of medical imaging since the discovery of artificial radioactivity in 1934. The author reviews the PET (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) technologies and presents the recent progress in neuro-sciences that have been made possible by using these 2 technologies. Brain imaging has allowed to show: - the impact of emotions on logical mental processes and on mental performances, - the management of memory in the brain of talented quick reckoners, - the degeneration of neurons, and - the link between autism and the presence of structural and functional anomalies in the brain. (A.C.)

The importance of spatial ability and mental models in learning anatomy

Science.gov (United States)

Chatterjee, Allison K.

, problem solving strategies, and study methods. Students with different levels of spatial ability visualize and think about anatomy in qualitatively different ways, which is reflected by the features of their mental models. Low spatial ability students thought about and used two-dimensional images from the textbook. They possessed basic two-dimensional models of anatomical structures; they placed emphasis on diagrams and drawings in their studies; and they re-read anatomical problems many times before answering. High spatial ability students thought fully in three-dimensional and imagined rotation and movement of the structures; they made use of many types of images and text as they studied and solved problems. They possessed elaborate three-dimensional models of anatomical structures which they were able to manipulate to solve problems; and they integrated diagrams, drawings, and written text in their studies. Middle spatial ability students were a mix between both low and high spatial ability students. They imagined two-dimensional images popping out of the flat paper to become more three-dimensional, but still relied on drawings and diagrams. Additionally, high spatial ability students used a higher proportion of anatomical terminology than low spatial ability or middle spatial ability students. This provides additional support to the premise that high spatial students' mental models are a complex mixture of imagistic representations and propositional representations that incorporate correct anatomical terminology. Low spatial ability students focused on the function of structures and ways to group information primarily for the purpose of recall. This supports the theory that low spatial students' mental models will be characterized by more on imagistic representations that are general in nature. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Disaster mental health

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henderson, Silja; Berliner, Peter; Elsass, Peter

2015-01-01

In this chapter we focus on disaster mental health, particularly theoretical and research-based implications for intervention. The field of disaster mental health research is vast and impossible to cover in a single chapter, but we will visit central research, concepts, and understandings within...... disaster mental health and intervention, and refer to further literature where meaningful. We conclude the chapter with recommendations for further research....

Consumer attitudes towards evidence based mental health services among American mental health consumers.

Science.gov (United States)

Teh, Lisa B; Hayashi, Kentaro; Latner, Janet; Mueller, Charles W

2016-10-01

The Consumer Attitudes towards Evidence Based Services (CAEBS) scale is a 29-item questionnaire designed to assess public views on the role of science in helping to guide mental health treatment. The aim of the current study was to assess the Factor structure the CAEBS in an online sample of adults seeking information about mental health services. The CAEBS was administered to a nationwide sample of participants from websites offering classified advertisements for mental health related study participation (n = 312). An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) suggested four factors based on 26 of the items: Beliefs Regarding Therapists' Practices, Attitudes about Mental Health Policy, Negative Personal-Level Attitudes toward EBPs, and Negative Societal-Level Attitudes towards EBPs. In order to increase consumer empowerment within the mental health-care system and develop policies supporting EBP usage, mental health professionals need to increase communication with the public to address these concerns and leverage positive attitudes. © 2016 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

Salud Mental y desarrollo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María José Sarmiento Suárez

2017-09-01

Full Text Available La relación entre salud mental y desarrollo es tan estrecha como ignorada. Aunque ambas buscan potenciar las capacidades de los individuos para lograr un bienestar individual que redunde en la comunidad, la salud mental ha sido sistemáticamente excluida de los planes de desarrollo. Los problemas de salud mental afectan a millones de personas en el mundo quienes, al no recibir un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno, pueden desarrollar un trastorno. Se calcula que una de cada cuatro personas desarrolla algún tipo de enfermedad mental a lo largo de su vida. En tanto se cree que no es posible recuperarse de estas enfermedades, los recursos no están dirigidos a intervenir sobre ellas. Siendo absolutamente transversal a todos los aspectos de nuestras vidas, y por tanto un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo sostenible, el gasto global en salud mental es de menos de dos dólares por persona por día. Situación que no sólo impacta directamente sobre las tres dimensiones del Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH - salud, educación y estándares de vida - sino que perpetúa la condición de desigualdad estructural en que viven las personas con trastornos mentales. Mientras los problemas de salud mental afectan la esperanza de vida, los años de instrucción esperados y el Ingreso Nacional Bruto per cápita, siendo a su vez causa y consecuencia de la pobreza, las personas con trastornos mentales deben enfrentar numerosas barreras para el acceso a la educación, a las oportunidades de empleo y otras fuentes de generación de ingresos, debido a la estigmatización, discriminación y marginación que históricamente han vivido. Por tanto, si queremos que todos sean partícipes de las oportunidades de desarrollo, es necesario un cambio estructural donde desaparezca el estigma frente a los trastornos mentales, que permita posicionar la salud mental como eje de los planes de desarrollo y aumentar la inversión en la promoción de la salud mental y la prevención e

Modelo de auxílio à identificação de trabalho escravo ou degradante utilizando lógica fuzzy

OpenAIRE

Silva Filho, Benedito de Lima

2006-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção Esta dissertação apresenta um modelo de auxílio de decisão na identificação de trabalho escravo ou degradante utilizando lógica fuzzy. O mesmo aumenta a transparência nas identificações das condições de trabalho escravo ou degradante, capacitando os agentes do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego e os profissionais que atuam na área para uma melhor compreensã...

Mental illness and mental health: The two continua model across the lifespan

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Westerhof, Gerben Johan; Keyes, Cory L.M.

2010-01-01

Mental health has long been defined as the absence of psychopathologies, such as depression and anxiety. The absence of mental illness, however, is a minimal outcome from a psychological perspective on lifespan development. This article therefore focuses on mental illness as well as on three core

Malaysian mental health law.

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Nusrat N; Yahya, Badi'ah; Abu Bakar, Abd Kadir; Ho, Roger C

2015-05-01

The Malaysian Mental Health Act 2001 did not come into effect until the Mental Health Regulations 2010 came into force. The Act provides a framework for the delivery of comprehensive care, treatment, control, protection and rehabilitation of those with mental disorders. The Act governs the establishment of private and government psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric nursing homes and community mental health centres. This paper outlines the provisions of the Act and the Regulations.

Romantic relationships and mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Braithwaite, Scott; Holt-Lunstad, Julianne

2017-02-01

This paper reviews the research on relationships and mental health. Individuals who are more mentally healthy are more likely to select into relationships, but relationships are also demonstrably associated with mental health. The type of relationship matters - evidence suggests that more established, committed relationships, such as marriage, are associated with greater benefits than less committed unions such as cohabitation. The association between relationships and mental health is clearly bidirectional, however, stronger effects are observed when mental health is the outcome and relationships are the predictor, suggesting that the causal arrow flows more strongly from relationships to mental health than vice versa. Moreover, improving relationships improves mental health, but improving mental health does not reliably improve relationships. Our review of research corroborates the view that relationships are a keystone component of human functioning that have the potential to influence a broad array of mental health outcomes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Informação e representações sociais: um estudo com familiares de portadores de sofrimento mentalInformation and social representations: a study with familiar of mental suffering carriers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manoela Martins de Medeiros

2007-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo pretende contribuir para uma nova perspectiva de estudos empíricos em Ciência da Informação, na vertente de pesquisas denominadas informação social ou antropologia da informação, através da utilização da teoria e do fenômeno das representações sociais. O modelo de transferência da informação adotado foi o denominado diagramático, proposto por Teixeira (1997, que se baseia numa lógica relacional. O grupo de pesquisa foi formado por familiares de portadores de sofrimento mental referenciados na Clínica Psicossocial (CLIPS, localizada no município de Ipatinga/MG. Para a análise do processo de recepção da informação, foram utilizados os conceitos de objetivação e ancoragem da teoria das representações sociais. A pesquisa empírica revelou que a experiência de cuidar e acompanhar o tratamento de um portador de sofrimento mental é o principal elemento formador das representações sociais do louco, da loucura e do tratamento da loucura. A abordagem do tratamento psicossocial proposta no processo de reforma psiquiátrica encontra acolhida na medida em que consegue se ancorar na experiência, no cotidiano vivido pelos familiares de portadores de sofrimento mental. Nesse sentido, o emprego da teoria das representações sociais possibilitou um novo modo de enxergar o aspecto cognitivo dos processos de informação e conhecimento que pode abrir novas perspectivas para os estudos de usuários em Ciência da Informação.The present article intends to contribute for a new perspective of empiric studies in Information Science, in the information denominated researches social information or anthropology slope, through the theory utilization and of the phenomenon of the socialrepresentations. The transfer model of the adopted information was the denominated diagramático, propose for Teixeira (1997, that we base in a logic relacional. The research group was formed by family of bearers of mental suffering

Acne e dieta: verdade ou mito? Acne and diet: truth or myth?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adilson Costa

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos 50 anos, foram publicados inúmeros estudos com a finalidade de comprovar se a dieta está relacionada à etiologia da acne. Embora existam estudos antigos, que são bem difundidos entre os dermatologistas e negam a associação entre acne e dieta, seu delineamento científico é pobre. Recentemente, novos artigos demonstraram evidências contrárias às publicações anteriores. Sendo assim, os autores realizaram esta revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de averiguar se a dieta influencia direta ou indiretamente um ou mais dos quatro pilares etiopatogênicos fundamentais da acne: (1 hiperproliferação dos queratinócitos basais, (2 aumento da produção sebácea, (3 colonização pelo Propionibacterium acnes e (4 inflamação.Numerous studies were published over the last 50 years to investigate whether diet is associated with the etiology of acne. Although older studies well known by dermatologists that refute the association between acne and diet exist, their scientific foundation is weak. New articles have recently brought to light evidence contrary to previous findings. Therefore, we would like to investigate whether diet, directly or indirectly, influences one or more of the four fundamental etiopathogenic pillars of acne: (1 hyperproliferation of basal keratinocytes, (2 increase of sebaceous production, (3 colonization by Propionibacterium acnes, and (4 inflammation.

Common Mental Health Issues

Science.gov (United States)

Stock, Susan R.; Levine, Heidi

2016-01-01

This chapter provides an overview of common student mental health issues and approaches for student affairs practitioners who are working with students with mental illness, and ways to support the overall mental health of students on campus.

[Mental Health: Concepts, Measures, Determinants].

Science.gov (United States)

Doré, Isabelle; Caron, Jean

Objectives This article aims to situate the concept of mental health in a historical perspective. This article presents the most commonly used measurement tools in Canada and elsewhere in the world to assess specific and multiple dimensions of mental health; when available, psychometric properties are discussed. Finally, research findings on quality of life and mental health determinants are presented.Methods A literature review of concepts, measurement and determinants of mental health is presented in this paper. The selection of measurement scales presented is based on the findings of the research reports conducted by the second author, an expert on mental health measures, for Health Canada and Statistics Canada.Results Mental health is more than the absence of mental illness; rather it is a state of complete well-being, which refers to our ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges we face. Accordingly, mental health and mental illness are not extremes of the same continuum, but distinct yet correlated concepts. The traditional conceptualization suggesting that mental health represents simply the absence of mental illness has been replaced, in the last few decades, by a more holistic characterization, which directly concerns public health. The components of mental health include emotional well-being/quality of life (QOL) and psychological and social well-being. Mental health influences the personal and social functioning of individuals, justifying the importance of intervening upstream to promote mental health. Specific scales are relevant for obtaining a detailed measure of one aspect of well-being in particular (emotional/quality of life, psychological or social well-being); however, to account for the global mental health status, measurement tools that integrate all three forms of well-being (emotional, psychological and social) should be privileged. A diversity of determinants at the individual, social and neighbourhood levels influence quality of

Mental Health and African Americans

Science.gov (United States)

... Minority Population Profiles > Black/African American > Mental Health Mental Health and African Americans Poverty level affects mental health ... compared to 120% of non-Hispanic whites. 1 MENTAL HEALTH STATUS Serious psychological distress among adults 18 years ...

Using Pupil Diameter Changes for Measuring Mental Workload under Mental Processing

Science.gov (United States)

Batmaz, Ihsan; Ozturk, Mustafa

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the mental workload by using a practical way which based on measuring pupil diameter changes that occurs under mental processing. To determine the mental effort required for each task, the video record of subjects` eyes are taken while they are performed different tasks and pupils were measured from the records. A group of university student, one female 9 males participated to the experiment. Additionally, NASA-TLX questionnaire is applied for the related mental tasks. For verification of results obtained from both indices, the correlation coefficient is calculated task base. The results show that there is weak and negative correlation between the indices on task base except 3rd task. By investigating pupil diameter measurements data too, it is founded that pupil dilates under mental workload during performing related tasks. For all tasks, pupil diameters of response periods increased according to reference baseline period.

Perceived barriers on mental health services by the family of patients with mental illness

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rr Dian Tristiana

2018-01-01

Conclusion: Families whose members suffered from mental illness still experienced barriers in relation to mental health services even with universal health coverage. Improved mental health services are related to the health insurance coverage, affordability, availability of mental health services and stigma reduction in the health professionals and wide community.

Children in Rural Internet Café ——Ethnographic Investigation on the Internet Usage and Social Interaction of Left-behind Children in Ou Town Hubei Province

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheng-Yun Guan

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The paper that takes Ou Town in Hubei Province as a case, studies the influence on the socialization of left-behind children after the intrusion of the Internet café industry into rural areas by ethnographic investigation. This study figures out a large number of migrant workers crowding into urban areas left nothing but the hollowing-out in rural regions. Unfortunately, the Internet café industry makes use of this chance to scramble for the children’s market. Mentally immature left-behind children find it hard to resist the temptation because of lack of self-control, so that they waste massive amount of time and energy in the virtue world. Despite they have experienced the "pleasure", and relieved from loneliness and boredom, their interaction activities have also been involved in the online game industry chain. This does not only exert impacts on the communication among people, but also on the construction of social capital in their social interaction, which leads to the disadvantaged accumulation of social capital. The group affected by the network, inadvertently learns at school and drops out one after another, ending up in their flow-life work from one city to another.

Gender differences in development of mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: an eight-year follow-up study.

Science.gov (United States)

Gestsdottir, Sunna; Arnarsson, Arsaell; Magnusson, Kristjan; Arngrimsson, Sigurbjorn Arni; Sveinsson, Thorarinn; Johannsson, Erlingur

2015-05-01

The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is marked by many changes. Mental well-being plays an important role in how individuals deal with these changes and how they develop their lifestyle. The goal of this study was to examine gender differences in the long-term development of self-esteem and other mental well-being variables from the age of 15 to the age of 23. A baseline measurement was performed in a nationwide sample of 385 Icelandic adolescents aged 15, and a follow-up measurement was conducted eight years later, when participants had reached the age of 23. Standardized questionnaires were used to measure self-reports of self-esteem, life satisfaction, body image, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints. Women improved their self-esteem significantly more than men from the age of 15 to 23 (p=0.004). Women were more satisfied with their life than men at the age of 23 (p=0.009). Men had a better body image, less anxiety, less depression and fewer somatic complaints than women, independent of age. Across gender, anxiety declined and somatic complaints became fewer (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gender differences in mental well-being factors, favouring men, found in adolescents, are not as long-lasting as previously thought. Women improve their mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood while men's mental well-being does not change. © 2015 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.

Mental Pain and Suicide

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Verrocchio, Maria Cristina; Carrozzino, Danilo; Marchetti, Daniela

2016-01-01

ideation than depression. Conclusion: Mental pain is a core clinical factor for understanding suicide, both in the context of mood disorders and independently from depression. Health care professionals need to be aware of the higher suicidal risk in patients reporting mental pain. In this regard......Background: Mental pain, defined as a subjective experience characterized by perception of strong negative feelings and changes in the self and its function, is no less real than other types of grief. Mental pain has been considered to be a distinct entity from depression. We have performed...... a systematic review analyzing the relationship between mental pain and suicide by providing a qualitative data synthesis of the studies. Methods: We have conducted, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search for the literature in PubMed, Web Of Science, and Scopus. Search terms were "mental pain...

Interwoven histories: Mental health nurses with experience of mental illness, qualitative findings from a mixed methods study.

Science.gov (United States)

Oates, Jennifer; Drey, Nicholas; Jones, Julia

2018-02-15

The effects of mental health nurses' own experience of mental illness or being a carer have rarely been researched beyond the workplace setting. This study aimed to explore how the experience of mental illness affects mental health nurses' lives outside of and inside work. A sample of 26 mental health nurses with personal experience of mental illness took part in semistructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically using a six-phase approach. The analysis revealed the broad context of nurses' experiences of mental illness according to three interwoven themes: mental illness as part of family life; experience of accessing services; and life interwoven with mental illness. Participants typically described personal and familial experience of mental illness across their life course, with multiple causes and consequences. The findings suggest that nurses' lives outside of work should be taken into account when considering the impact of their personal experience of mental illness. Similarly being a nurse influences how mental illness is experienced. Treatment of nurses with mental illness should account for their nursing expertise whilst recognizing that the context for nurses' mental illness could be much broader than the effect of workplace stress. © 2018 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

FORAMEN MENTONIANO ACCESORIO: PRESENTACION DE UN CASO Y REVISION DE LA BIBLIOGRAFIA. Accessory mental foramen: A case report and literature review.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Elías Fernández

2016-11-01

aspect of mandible. According to its classification, an AMF is known as double mental foramen, additional mental foramen, multiple mental foramen, supplementary mandibular buccal foramen. The accessory mental foramen is a radiological finding or is detected during surgical procedures. Its prevalence ranges from 1.4 to 10% when it is unilateral and ranges from 0,47% to 1,2% when it is bilateral. Accessory mental foramen is an important and rare anatomical variation associated with a neurovascular bundle. Its prevalence is low. The diagnosis by conventional radiological methods or three-dimensional radiographic imaging techniques is effective to avoid complications in dental procedures. An accessory mental foramen case of a male patient referred to the Department of Radiology at the National University of Córdoba School of Dentistry is reported. The computed tomography is the most accurate imaging modality for the identification of an accessory foramen through multiplanar reformatted images and three dimensional images. When the existence of AMF is identified before dental procedures, appropriate actions should be taken to avoid damages of the neurovascular bundle and eventual complications such as hemorrhage and paresthesia principally in procedures like dental implant insertion or periapical surgery.

Harmonie du soir ou à la recherche de la … perfection formelle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Corina-Amelia Georgescu

2008-11-01

Full Text Available A lire et à relire cette poésie, nous nous sommes toujours posé une question : se veut-elle être une manière d’exprimer la douleur pour un amour à jamais perdu, étant destinée uniquement au lecteur, ou bien pourrait-elle être interprétée comme un essai du poète de persuader l’être aimé du fait que le souvenir si religieusement gardé aux tréfonds du cœur pourrait être le germe d’un amour renouvelé ?

Outcomes of Nordic mental health systems: life expectancy of patients with mental disorders

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wahlbeck, Kristian; Westman, Jeanette; Nordentoft, Merete

2011-01-01

People with mental disorders evince excess mortality due to natural and unnatural deaths. The relative life expectancy of people with mental disorders is a proxy measure of effectiveness of social policy and health service provision.......People with mental disorders evince excess mortality due to natural and unnatural deaths. The relative life expectancy of people with mental disorders is a proxy measure of effectiveness of social policy and health service provision....

Early Adolescents' and Their Parents' Mental Imagery in Relation to Perceived Reading Competence

Science.gov (United States)

Mol, Suzanne E.; Jolles, Jelle; Van Batenburg-Eddes, Tamara; Bult, Maureen K.

2016-01-01

This cross-sectional survey study examined the relation between mental imagery (i.e., seeing images of a story "in the mind's eye") and perceived self-competence in reading. The study was conducted with a group of seventh-grade to ninth-grade students in the prevocational educational track of secondary schools in the Netherlands and…

Parent-reported Mental Health Problems and Mental Health Services Use in South Australian School-aged Children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jing Wu

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Background:Monitoring and reporting childhood mental health problems and mental health services utilization over time provide important information to identify mental health related issues and to guide early intervention. This paper aims to describe the recent prevalence of parent-reported mental health problems among South Australian (SA children; to identify mental health problems associated characteristics; and to describe mental health services utilization and its related characteristics among this population. Methods:Parent-reported mental health problems were assessed against the first item of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. School-aged children were randomly sampled monthly and data were collected using a surveillance system between 2005 and 2015. Associations between mental health problems and various factors were analysed using univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression modelling. Results:Prevalence of parent-reported mental health problems among children was 9.1% and 9.3% for children aged 5 to 11 years and children aged 12 to 15 years, respectively. No change in prevalence was observed during the past decade. Mental health problems were associated with male sex, long-term illness or pain, negative school experiences, not living with biological parents, and living in a rental dwelling. Less than half (48.7% of the children with mental health problems received professional help. An increasing trend was found in mental health services utilisation among children aged 5 to 15 years. Utilization of mental health services was associated with male sex, older age, long-term illness or pain, and feeling unhappy at school. Conclusion:This study reports the prevalence of parent-reported mental and mental health services utilisation among SA school-aged children. Identified characteristics associated with mental health problems and mental health services utilisation provide useful information for the planning of

Methods of X-ray CT image reconstruction from few projections; Methodes de reconstruction d'images a partir d'un faible nombre de projections en tomographie par rayons X

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, H.

2011-10-24

systeme de la tomographie par rayons X (CT), on cherche a reconstruire une image de haute qualite avec un faible nombre de projections. Les algorithmes classiques ne sont pas adaptes a cette situation: la reconstruction est perturbee par artefacts donc instable. Une nouvelle approche basee sur la theorie recente du 'Compressed Sensing' (CS) fait l'hypothese que l'image inconnue est 'parcimonieuse' ou 'compressible', et formule la reconstruction en un probleme d'optimisation (minimisation de la norme TV/l1) afin de promouvoir la parcimonie. Pour appliquer CS en CT avec le pixel (ou le voxel en 3D) comme la base de representation, il necessite une transformation de parcimonie, de plus il faut la combiner avec le 'projecteur du rayon X' qui applique sur une image pixelisee. Dans cette these, on a adapte une base radiale de famille Gaussienne nommee 'blob' a la reconstruction en CT par CS. Le blob a une meilleure localisation spatiofrequentielle que le pixel, et des operations comme la transformee en rayons X, peuvent etre evaluee analytiquement et elles sont facilement parallelisables (sur le plate-forme GPU). Compare au blob classique du Kaisser-Bessel, la nouvelle base a une structure multi-echelle: une image est la somme des translations et des dilatations d'un chapeau Mexicain radial. Les images medicales typiques sont compressibles sous cette base, ce qui entraine que le systeme de la representation parcimonieuse intervenu dans les algorithmes ordinaires de CS n'y est plus necessaire. Des simulations numeriques en 2D ont montre que, compare a l'approche equivalente basee sur la base de pixel ou d'ondelette, les algorithmes du TV et du l1 existantes sont plus efficaces et les reconstructions ont de meilleures qualites visuelles. Cette nouvelle approche a ete egalement validee sur des donnees experimentales bi-dimensionelles, ou on a observe que le nombre de projection peut etre reduit

NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Exploiting Mental Imagery with Computers in Mathematics Education

CERN Document Server

Mason, John

1995-01-01

The advent of fast and sophisticated computer graphics has brought dynamic and interactive images under the control of professional mathematicians and mathematics teachers. This volume in the NATO Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology takes a comprehensive and critical look at how the computer can support the use of visual images in mathematical problem solving. The contributions are written by researchers and teachers from a variety of disciplines including computer science, mathematics, mathematics education, psychology, and design. Some focus on the use of external visual images and others on the development of individual mental imagery. The book is the first collected volume in a research area that is developing rapidly, and the authors pose some challenging new questions.

The production of Φ in 200 GeV/nucleon S-U and O-U interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baldisseri, A.

1989-11-01

Preliminary results on the low mass resonances region (ρ, ω and Φ) from NA38 experiment are presented. The ratio Φ/ω is studied (for high ρ T dimuons) in correlation with the transverse neutral energy E T of the collision. This ratio increases with increasing E T , for both S-U and O-U interactions

Peruvian Mental Health Reform: A Framework for Scaling-up Mental Health Services

Science.gov (United States)

Toyama, Mauricio; Castillo, Humberto; Galea, Jerome T.; Brandt, Lena R.; Mendoza, María; Herrera, Vanessa; Mitrani, Martha; Cutipé, Yuri; Cavero, Victoria; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; Miranda, J. Jaime

2017-01-01

Background: Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide; specifically in Peru, MNS affect 1 in 5 persons. However, the great majority of people suffering from these disorders do not access care, thereby making necessary the improvement of existing conditions including a major rearranging of current health system structures beyond care delivery strategies. This paper reviews and examines recent developments in mental health policies in Peru, presenting an overview of the initiatives currently being introduced and the main implementation challenges they face. Methods: Key documents issued by Peruvian governmental entities regarding mental health were reviewed to identify and describe the path that led to the beginning of the reform; how the ongoing reform is taking place; and, the plan and scope for scale-up. Results: Since 2004, mental health has gained importance in policies and regulations, resulting in the promotion of a mental health reform within the national healthcare system. These efforts crystallized in 2012 with the passing of Law 29889 which introduced several changes to the delivery of mental healthcare, including a restructuring of mental health service delivery to occur at the primary and secondary care levels and the introduction of supporting services to aid in patient recovery and reintegration into society. In addition, a performance-based budget was approved to guarantee the implementation of these changes. Some of the main challenges faced by this reform are related to the diversity of the implementation settings, eg, isolated rural areas, and the limitations of the existing specialized mental health institutes to substantially grow in parallel to the scaling-up efforts in order to be able to provide training and clinical support to every region of Peru. Conclusion: Although the true success of the mental healthcare reform will be determined in the coming years, thus far, Peru has achieved a

Peruvian Mental Health Reform: A Framework for Scaling-up Mental Health Services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Toyama

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS use disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide; specifically in Peru, MNS affect 1 in 5 persons. However, the great majority of people suffering from these disorders do not access care, thereby making necessary the improvement of existing conditions including a major rearranging of current health system structures beyond care delivery strategies. This paper reviews and examines recent developments in mental health policies in Peru, presenting an overview of the initiatives currently being introduced and the main implementation challenges they face. Methods Key documents issued by Peruvian governmental entities regarding mental health were reviewed to identify and describe the path that led to the beginning of the reform; how the ongoing reform is taking place; and, the plan and scope for scale-up. Results Since 2004, mental health has gained importance in policies and regulations, resulting in the promotion of a mental health reform within the national healthcare system. These efforts crystallized in 2012 with the passing of Law 29889 which introduced several changes to the delivery of mental healthcare, including a restructuring of mental health service delivery to occur at the primary and secondary care levels and the introduction of supporting services to aid in patient recovery and reintegration into society. In addition, a performance-based budget was approved to guarantee the implementation of these changes. Some of the main challenges faced by this reform are related to the diversity of the implementation settings, eg, isolated rural areas, and the limitations of the existing specialized mental health institutes to substantially grow in parallel to the scaling-up efforts in order to be able to provide training and clinical support to every region of Peru. Conclusion Although the true success of the mental healthcare reform will be determined in the coming years, thus far, Peru

Nutrition and Mental Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Stein, Zena; And Others

1972-01-01

Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944-45 had no detectable effects on the adult mental performance of surviving male offspring; birth weight was not related to mental performance; and the association of social class with mental performance was strong. (AL)

A deficiência mental na concepção da liga brasileira de higiene mental Mental disability in the conception of brazilian league of mental hygiene

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milena Luckesi de Souza

2008-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é investigar a concepção e as propostas de atendimento escolar destinado aos deficientes mentais segundo o ideário higienista e eugenista difundido pela Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental (LBHM. Para tanto, utilizamos como fonte primária de estudo os Arquivos Brasileiros de Higiene Mental (ABHM, periódico publicado entre 1925 e 1947. Verificamos que a LBHM expressa diferentes opiniões quanto à concepção e às medidas de intervenção propostas para os deficientes mentais. De um lado, propõe a higienização da população, a ser alcançada com a formação de hábitos sadios através da educação escolar e especificamente da educação higiênica, com a possível adaptação do deficiente ao meio social. De outro, defende uma posição eugênica radical, que apregoa a purificação da raça, a esterilização e exclusão dos ditos degenerados (leprosos, loucos, idiotas, epilépticos, cancerosos, nefrolíticos, tuberculosos, prostitutas, vagabundos e deficientes mentais.The aim of this study is to investigate the conception and proposals of schooling for individuals with mental disability according to the hygienic and eugenic ideology divulged by the Brazilian League for Mental Hygiene (Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental, LBHM. To this end, we used as a primary source the Brazilian Archives of Mental Hygiene (Arquivos Brasileiros de Higiene Mental, ABHM, a newspaper published from 1925 to 1947. We concluded that there were various opinions in the LBHM about the conception and proposed intervention methods for individuals with mental disability. On one side, there were proposals of population cleansing to be achieved through healthy habits taught in schools, mainly hygienic education, with possible adaptation of the disabled individual to society. On the other hand, there was an extreme eugenic proposal that emphasized race purification, sterilization and exclusion of so-called degenerate individuals (lepers

Medical imaging was boosted by the discovery of artificial radioactivity; L'imagerie medicale revelee par la radioactivite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demarthon, F.; Dupuy-Maury, F.; Donnars, O

2002-08-01

This article draws the history of medical imaging since the discovery of artificial radioactivity in 1934. The author reviews the PET (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) technologies and presents the recent progress in neuro-sciences that have been made possible by using these 2 technologies. Brain imaging has allowed to show: - the impact of emotions on logical mental processes and on mental performances, - the management of memory in the brain of talented quick reckoners, - the degeneration of neurons, and - the link between autism and the presence of structural and functional anomalies in the brain. (A.C.)

Tolerance of negative emotion moderates the amplification of mental contamination following an evoking task: A randomized experimental study.

Science.gov (United States)

Fergus, Thomas A

2018-06-01

Contamination is a near universal feeling, with mental contamination representing a contamination feeling in the absence of direct physical contact with a source. Extant research indicates that tolerance of negative emotion is important for understanding emotional reactions to images, thoughts, and memories, all of which are common sources of mental contamination. Extending research linking distress tolerance to mental contamination, this study examined if individual differences in the tolerance of negative emotion moderates the amplification of mental contamination following an evoking task. Unselected participants completed a self-report measure of tolerance of negative emotion during an online session. They later attended an in-person session and were randomized to an experimental scenario group: betrayal (n = 49) or control (n = 49). Participants imagined themselves in a scenario, with the betrayal scenario designed to evoke mental contamination. Mental contamination was assessed by self-report before and after the scenario. The betrayal, but not control, scenario caused an increase in mental contamination. Tolerance for negative emotion moderated the effect of group on mental contamination. Group differences in mental contamination evidenced at low, but not high, distress tolerance. A novel experimental manipulation and an unselected sample were used. Future research could assess tolerance of negative emotion using a behavioral task. These results indicate that tolerance of negative emotion may be important for understanding when individuals experience mental contamination. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mental health care use in adolescents with and without mental disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Jörg, Frederike; Visser, Ellen; Ormel, Johan; Reijneveld, Sijmen A; Hartman, Catharina A; Oldehinkel, Albertine J

2016-05-01

The aim of the study was to estimate the proportion of adolescents with and without a psychiatric diagnosis receiving specialist mental health care and investigate their problem levels as well as utilization of other types of mental health care to detect possible over- and undertreatment. Care utilization data were linked to psychiatric diagnostic data of 2230 adolescents participating in the TRAILS cohort study, who were assessed biannually starting at age 11. Psychiatric diagnoses were established at the fourth wave by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Self-, parent- and teacher-reported emotional and behavioral problems and self-reported mental health care use were assessed at all four waves. Of all diagnosed adolescents, 35.3 % received specialist mental health care. This rate increased to 54.5 % when three or more disorders were diagnosed. Almost a third (28.5 %) of specialist care users had no psychiatric diagnosis; teachers gave them relatively high ratings on attention and impulsivity subscales. Diagnosed adolescents without specialist mental health care also reported low rates of other care use. We found no indication of overtreatment. Half of the adolescents with three or more disorders do not receive specialist mental health care nor any other type of care, which might indicate unmet needs.

Brand discrimination: an implicit measure of the strength of mental brand representations.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, Mike; Leclercq, Thomas

2015-01-01

While mental associations between a brand and its marketing elements are an important part of brand equity, previous research has yet to provide a sound methodology to measure the strength of these links. The following studies present the development and validation of an implicit measure to assess the strength of mental representations of brand elements in the mind of the consumer. The measure described in this paper, which we call the Brand Discrimination task, requires participants to identify whether images of brand elements (e.g. color, logo, packaging) belong to a target brand or not. Signal detection theory (SDT) is used to calculate a Brand Discrimination index which gives a measure of overall recognition accuracy for a brand's elements in the context of its competitors. A series of five studies shows that the Brand Discrimination task can discriminate between strong and weak brands, increases when mental representations of brands are experimentally strengthened, is relatively stable across time, and can predict brand choice, independently and while controlling for other explicit and implicit brand evaluation measures. Together, these studies provide unique evidence for the importance of mental brand representations in marketing and consumer behavior, along with a research methodology to measure this important consumer-based brand attribute.

Brand discrimination: an implicit measure of the strength of mental brand representations.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mike Friedman

Full Text Available While mental associations between a brand and its marketing elements are an important part of brand equity, previous research has yet to provide a sound methodology to measure the strength of these links. The following studies present the development and validation of an implicit measure to assess the strength of mental representations of brand elements in the mind of the consumer. The measure described in this paper, which we call the Brand Discrimination task, requires participants to identify whether images of brand elements (e.g. color, logo, packaging belong to a target brand or not. Signal detection theory (SDT is used to calculate a Brand Discrimination index which gives a measure of overall recognition accuracy for a brand's elements in the context of its competitors. A series of five studies shows that the Brand Discrimination task can discriminate between strong and weak brands, increases when mental representations of brands are experimentally strengthened, is relatively stable across time, and can predict brand choice, independently and while controlling for other explicit and implicit brand evaluation measures. Together, these studies provide unique evidence for the importance of mental brand representations in marketing and consumer behavior, along with a research methodology to measure this important consumer-based brand attribute.

Brand Discrimination: An Implicit Measure of the Strength of Mental Brand Representations

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, Mike; Leclercq, Thomas

2015-01-01

While mental associations between a brand and its marketing elements are an important part of brand equity, previous research has yet to provide a sound methodology to measure the strength of these links. The following studies present the development and validation of an implicit measure to assess the strength of mental representations of brand elements in the mind of the consumer. The measure described in this paper, which we call the Brand Discrimination task, requires participants to identify whether images of brand elements (e.g. color, logo, packaging) belong to a target brand or not. Signal detection theory (SDT) is used to calculate a Brand Discrimination index which gives a measure of overall recognition accuracy for a brand’s elements in the context of its competitors. A series of five studies shows that the Brand Discrimination task can discriminate between strong and weak brands, increases when mental representations of brands are experimentally strengthened, is relatively stable across time, and can predict brand choice, independently and while controlling for other explicit and implicit brand evaluation measures. Together, these studies provide unique evidence for the importance of mental brand representations in marketing and consumer behavior, along with a research methodology to measure this important consumer-based brand attribute. PMID:25803845

ALBA, organisation interaméricaine ou vénézuélienne ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Jacques Kourliandsky

2011-01-01

Full Text Available L’«Alliance Bolivarienne des peuples de notre Amérique», ou ALBA, est de toutes les organisations interaméricaines celle dont l’identité est la plus originale. S’affirmant anti-impérialiste elle donne en effet à l’idéologie une place centrale qui commande la coopération entre ses membres. Mais l’ALBA au quotidien diffère-t-elle d’autres organisations d’intégration ? Le lien entre les différents pays qui la composent n’est-il pas au-delà de l’hommage unanime rendu à Bolivar bien davantage celui de pouvoir bénéficier du pétrole vénézuélien à un prix préférentiel ? L’ALBA, comme d’autres institutions latino-américaines, ne répond-elle pas à l’ambition d’un État, en l’occurrence ici le Venezuela, plus qu’à celle de construire un projet collectif pérenne? Ce lien entre le pétrole de son initiateur vénézuélien et l’ALBA, est une garantie pour le présent. Mais l’ALBA survivrait-elle à une alternance politique au Venezuela, ou à une chute des prix du baril affectant le nerf de l’organisation ?

Mental Health, Racism, and Sexism.

Science.gov (United States)

Willie, Charles V., Ed.; And Others

This volume, successor to the 1973 volume "Racism and Mental Health," presents a range of perspectives on mental health, prejudice, and discrimination. Contributors are of multiracial, multiethnic, and gender-diverse backgrounds. They use their existential experiences to analyze pressing mental health and mental illness issues. Contributions…

Images in medicine

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ebutamanya

12 mai 2015 ... Le torticolis est une contracture d'un ou de plusieurs muscle(s) du cou. Il se manifeste par un tableau plus ou moins douloureux associant inclinaison de la tête du côté atteint, translation et rotation du côté sain. Les étiologies sont nombreuses. Leur gravité est variable, incluant des pathologies musculaires, ...

49 Évolution de la pollution des eaux de l'Oued El Mellah (Djelfa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AKA BOKO

La steppe Algérienne couvre une superficie de 20 millions d'hectares, en plus du manque des ressources en eaux que connaît ce domaine, vient s'ajouter le phénomène de pollution. La croissance démographique et urbaine importante de la ville de Djelfa accroît les quantités de rejets d'eaux usées dans l'oued El Mellah.

Scanning of speechless comics changes spatial biases in mental model construction.

Science.gov (United States)

Román, Antonio; Flumini, Andrea; Santiago, Julio

2018-08-05

The mental representation of both time and number shows lateral spatial biases, which can be affected by habitual reading and writing direction. However, this effect is in place before children begin to read. One potential early cause is the experiences of looking at picture books together with a carer, as those images also follow the directionality of the script. What is the underlying mechanism for this effect? In the present study, we test the possibility that such experiences induce spatial biases in mental model construction, a mechanism which is a good candidate to induce the biases observed with numbers and times. We presented a speechless comic in either standard (left-to-right) or mirror-reversed (right-to-left) form to adult Spanish participants. We then asked them to draw the scene depicted by sentences like 'the square is between the cross and the circle'. The position of the lateral objects in these drawings reveals the spatial biases at work when building mental models in working memory. Under conditions of highly consistent directionality, the mirror comic changed pre-existing lateral biases. Processes of mental model construction in working memory stand as a potential mechanism for the generation of spatial biases for time and number.This article is part of the theme issue 'Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain'. © 2018 The Author(s).

El Centro Sainsbury de Salud Mental: Los Servicios Forenses de Salud Mental en Inglaterra y el País de Gales The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health: Forensic Mental Health Services in England and Wales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Rutherford

2008-06-01

Full Text Available El Centro Sainsbury de Salud Mental (Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health es una organización benéfica fundada en 1985 por la Fundación Caritativa Gatsby (Gatsby Charitable Foundation. El SCMH trabaja para mejorar la calidad de vida de personas con problemas de salud mental influyendo sobre las políticas y prácticas en salud mental y servicios relacionados. El trabajo para mejorar la calidad de atención de salud mental en los centros penitenciarios es un eje central en la labor de SCMH. Este artículo describe algunos aspectos epidemiológicos con respeto a la salud mental de reclusos en Inglaterra y el País de Gales y los servicios y prestaciones forenses disponibles para el manejo de este tipo de paciente en el entorno penitenciario.The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (SCMH is a charity founded in 1985 by Gatsby Charitable Foundation. The SCMH works to improve the quality of life for people with mental health problems by influencing policy and practice in mental health and related services. Working to improve the quality of mental health care for people in prison is one of SCMH main work theme. This paper describes some epidemiological aspects of mental health situation of prisoners in England and Wales and the available forensic facilities to manage this kind of patients in prison.

Acute mental health care according to recent mental health ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: This is the third of three reports on the follow-up review of mental health care at Helen Joseph Hospital (HJH). The study reviewed existing South African standards for mental health care facilities. Architectural principles and implications for the use of space were deducted from recent legislation. Objectives were to ...

Somali Refugees' Perceptions of Mental Illness.

Science.gov (United States)

Bettmann, Joanna E; Penney, Deb; Clarkson Freeman, Pamela; Lecy, Natalie

2015-01-01

Nearly 13% of the U.S. population is comprised of foreign-born individuals, with Somalis constituting one of the largest resettled groups. Research suggests that, among Somali refugees, rates of mental illness are high. Yet research shows Somalis underutilize mental health services. Understanding their perceptions of mental illness and its cures may help practitioners to design more effective treatments for this population. Thus, this pilot study investigated Somali refugees' perceptions of mental illness and its treatments. Using purposive sampling, this qualitative study interviewed 20 Somali refugees using a semi-structured interview guide. Qualitative analysis yielded participants' perceptions of mental illness through their descriptions of physical symptoms accompanying mental illness, the stigma of mental illness, causes of mental illness, medical and non-medical treatments for mental illness, spirit possession causing mental illness, and the Qur'an as treatment for mental illness. Such information may help practitioners in the United States approach Somali clients in the most culturally coherent manner.

Soil-fluid-structure interaction applied to the Oued Taht dam (taking into account the membrane effect.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nasreddine Krenich

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work is to analyze the dynamic behavior (modal behavior of the "Oued Taht" arch dam located at MASCARA, taking into consideration the effect of soil-fluid-structure interaction. The finite element code "Ansys" was chosen for the dynamic modeling of the dam that is the subject of this study. Three hypotheses were used for soil-structure interaction modeling; model with embedded base which corresponds to the case where the phenomenon of interactions soil-structure is neglected, model with ground of foundation without mass which consists in taking into account the kinematic component of interaction soil structure and neglecting the inertial component and the model with foundation soil with mass where the two components of soil-structure interaction are taken into account. For the fluid, the model of added masses (equivalent to the westergaard approach using the SURF element available in the Ansys code library was used. A comparison between the different models of the "Oued Taht" dam was made; it has been found that the taking into account of the soil-fluid-structure interaction phenomenon modifies the period of the system and that the modeling of the dam with and without fluid gives a very important difference of the periods. The results obtained were compared with those of the "Brezina" dam, which is a gravity dam located in BAYADH. The work has shown that the periods of the "Oued Taht" dam with soil-fluid-structure interaction modeling are very out of phase with the periods without fluid modeling (taking into account only the soilstructure interaction phenomenon. which is not the case for the Brezina dam where the periods for the two models are getting closer. The periods between the two models mentioned before are close to the dam of Brézina because the latter is a dam which participates much more by its own weight than by its vault (thickness of the vault varies between 36.3 m at the base and 5m in crest which is the

The Stigma of Mental Illness

Science.gov (United States)

Overton, Stacy L.; Medina, Sondra L.

2008-01-01

Stigma surrounding major mental illness creates many barriers. People who experience mental illness face discrimination and prejudice when renting homes, applying for jobs, and accessing mental health services. The authors review the current literature regarding stigma and mental illness. They define stigma and review theories that explain its…

Art promoting mental health literacy and a positive attitude towards people with experience of mental illness.

Science.gov (United States)

Koh, Eugen; Shrimpton, Bradley

2014-03-01

Exhibitions of art by people with experience of mental illness are increasingly being staged to improve awareness of mental health issues in the general community and to counter the stigma of mental illness. However, few exhibitions have incorporated research to ascertain their actual effectiveness. This paper reports the results of a study that considered the responses of 10,000 people after they viewed exhibitions of art produced by people with experience of mental illness. These works were selected from the Cunningham Dax Collection, one of the world's most extensive collection of artworks by people with experience of mental illness and/or psychological trauma. More than 90% of respondents agreed with three propositions that the exhibitions helped them: (1) gain a better understanding of mental illness; (2) gain a more sympathetic understanding of the suffering of people with mental illness; and (3) appreciate the ability and creativity of people with mental illness. The results suggest that exhibitions can successfully promote mental health literacy and contribute to positive attitudes towards people with experience of mental illness. This paper explores these findings and raises questions about how the presentation of artworks in an exhibition influences their effectiveness in mental health promotion.

Attitudes toward Mental Illness: The Construction of the Libertarian Mental Health Ideology Scale.

Science.gov (United States)

Nevid, Jeffrey S.; Morrison, James

1980-01-01

The study was an attempt to construct an attitude scale to measure the radical psychosocial or libertarian position about "mental illness" and mental health practices. The factor analysis defined four scale factors: mental illness mythology, antimedical model, social deviance control, and anti-coercive treatment. (Author)

Global mental health and the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Weine, Stevan Merill; Langenecker, Scott; Arenliu, Aliriza

2018-05-01

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project presents innovative ways of investigating mental illness based on behavioral and neurobiological measures of dimensional processes. Although cultural psychiatrists have critiqued RDoC's implications and limitations for its under-developed focus on context and experience, RDoC presents opportunities for synergies with global mental health. It can capture aspects of clinical or sub-clinical behavior which are less dependent upon Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) and perhaps better elucidate the role of culture in disease expression and resilience. Aim/Results: This article uses the example of migration to describe several starting points for new research: (1) providing components for building an investigable conceptual framework to understand individual's mental health, resilience and adjustment to migration challenges or social adversities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and (2) identifying measurable factors which determine resilience or vulnerability, to guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention, treatment and recovery strategies for mental health in LMICs. In such ways, RDoC frameworks could help put the new cutting edge neurobiological dimensional scientific advances in a position to contribute to addressing mental health problems amid social adversities in LMICs. However, this would require a much-expanded commitment by both RDoC and global mental health researchers to address contextual and experiential dimensions.

Kubrick com Foucault ou O Desvio do Panoptismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Capeller

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O panoptismo - um conceito fundamental para a compreensão da formação e do funcionamento das sociedades disciplinares ocidentais a partir dos séculos XVII-XVIII - apareceu em meados dos anos 70 nas análises empreendidas por Michel Foucault, em Vigiar e Punir, de um dispositivo carcerário setecentista então pouco estudado - o panopticum de Jeremy Bentham. Este artigo procede a uma releitura da teoria foucaultiana do panoptismo em que a crítica do dispositivo panóptico é retomada a partir do filme A Laranja Mecânica de Stanley Kubrick, enfatizando metodologicamente a relevância da ficção-científica, como um gênero,  na elaboração teórica das passagens e processos de transição que podemos observar entre as já conhecidas e estudadas formas disciplinares de sociedade e uma possível, ou suposta, sociedade porvir do controle. 

Prospective associations between adolescent mental health problems and positive mental wellbeing in early old age.

Science.gov (United States)

Nishida, Atsushi; Richards, Marcus; Stafford, Mai

2016-01-01

Mental health problems in adolescence are predictive of future mental distress and psychopathology; however, few studies investigated adolescent mental health problems in relation to future mental wellbeing and none with follow-up to older age. To test prospective associations between adolescent mental health problems and mental wellbeing and life satisfaction in early old age. A total of 1561 men and women were drawn from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). Teachers had previously completed rating scales to assess emotional adjustment and behaviours, which allowed us to extract factors of mental health problems measuring self-organisation, behavioural problems, and emotional problems during adolescence. Between the ages of 60-64 years, mental wellbeing was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and life satisfaction was self-reported using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). After controlling for gender, social class of origin, childhood cognitive ability, and educational attainment, adolescent emotional problems were independently inversely associated with mental wellbeing and with life satisfaction. Symptoms of anxiety/depression at 60-64 years explained the association with life satisfaction but not with mental wellbeing. Associations between adolescent self-organisation and conduct problems and mental wellbeing and life satisfaction were of negligible magnitude, but higher childhood cognitive ability significantly predicted poor life satisfaction in early old age. Adolescent self-organisation and conduct problems may not be predictive of future mental wellbeing and life satisfaction. Adolescent emotional problems may be inversely associated with future wellbeing, and may be associated with lower levels of future life satisfaction through symptoms of anxiety/depression in early old age. Initiatives to prevent and treat emotional problems in adolescence may

Role of the police in linking individuals experiencing mental health crises with mental health services

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background The police are considered frontline professionals in managing individuals experiencing mental health crises. This study examines the extent to which these individuals are disconnected from mental health services, and whether the police response has an influence on re-establishing contact. Methods Police records were searched for calls regarding individuals with acute mental health needs and police handling of these calls. Mental healthcare contact data were retrieved from a Psychiatric Case Register. Results The police were called upon for mental health crisis situations 492 times within the study year, involving 336 individuals (i.e. 1.7 per 1000 inhabitants per year). Half of these individuals (N=162) were disengaged from mental health services, lacking regular care contact in the year prior to the crisis (apart from contact for crisis intervention). In the month following the crisis, 21% of those who were previously disengaged from services had regular care contact, and this was more frequent (49%) if the police had contacted the mental health services during the crisis. The influence of police referral to the services was still present the following year. However, for the majority (58%) of disengaged individuals police did not contact the mental health services at the time of crisis. Conclusions The police deal with a substantial number of individuals experiencing a mental health crisis, half of whom are out of contact with mental health services, and police play an important role in linking these individuals to services. Training police officers to recognise and handle mental health crises, and implementing practical models of cooperation between the police and mental health services in dealing with such crises may further improve police referral of individuals disengaged from mental health services. PMID:23072687

Poverty, social stress & mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuruvilla, A; Jacob, K S

2007-10-01

While there is increasing evidence of an association between poor mental health and the experience of poverty and deprivation, the relationship is complex. We discuss the epidemiological data on mental illness among the different socio-economic groups, look at the cause -effect debate on poverty and mental illness and the nature of mental distress and disorders related to poverty. Issues related to individual versus area-based poverty, relative poverty and the impact of poverty on woman's and child mental health are presented. This review also addresses factors associated with poverty and the difficulties in the measurement of mental health and illness and levels/impact of poverty.

Rural Mental Health Ecology: A Framework for Engaging with Mental Health Social Capital in Rural Communities.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Rhonda L; Wilson, G Glenn; Usher, Kim

2015-09-01

The mental health of people in rural communities is influenced by the robustness of the mental health ecosystem within each community. Theoretical approaches such as social ecology and social capital are useful when applied to the practical context of promoting environmental conditions which maximise mental health helping capital to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerably as a buffer for mental illness. This paper explores the ecological conditions that affect the mental health and illness of people in rural communities. It proposes a new mental health social ecology framework that makes full use of the locally available unique social capital that is sufficiently flexible to facilitate mental health helping capital best suited to mental health service delivery for rural people in an Australian context.

[Homicide and major mental disorder: what are the social, clinical, and forensic differences between murderers with a major mental disorder and murderers without any mental disorder?].

Science.gov (United States)

Richard-Devantoy, S; Chocard, A-S; Bourdel, M-C; Gohier, B; Duflot, J-P; Lhuillier, J-P; Garré, J-B

2009-09-01

To establish the social, clinical, and forensic differences between murderers suffering from a major mental disorder and murderers without any psychiatric disorder and, in particular, to compare their respective records of psychiatric symptoms and their respective relationship with their victims. We studied 210 forensic examinations of murderers, the offences related to the murders, and the social and clinical information collected from psychiatric court reports on persons convicted of homicide. Firstly, we identified the socio-demographic, clinical and criminological profiles of 210 murderers from which were distinguished murderers with major mental disorder. Then, we compared the profiles of murderers suffering from a major mental disorder with those of murderers without any mental disease. In other words, we compared 37 persons affected with major mental disorder (schizophrenia, paranoiac delusional disorder, and affective disorder) with 73 persons without any mental disorder. We deliberately excluded subjects with personality disorder or abuse of/dependency on drugs, mental retardation or dementia. With the exception of certain variables, murderers with major mental disorder have the same characteristics as others murderers: young man, living alone, with psychiatric and offence records and substance abuse. Murderers with major mental disorder are older (37.8 versus 31.7 years old) than perpretators without any mental disorder, and the former have a psychiatric record more often than the latter (81 versus 32.9%). In addition, contrary to the latter, the former show clinical symptoms of a psychopathological process. Depression, delusional and suicidal ideas are frequent among murderers with a major mental disorder, whereas the persons without mental disorder quarrel or have a row with their victim just before their crime. The victim was known to the perpetrator significantly more often in the major mental disorder group than in the no mental disorder group (94

Program for suicidal prevention, mental disorder treatment, and mental health development for resident doctors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Jiménez López

2017-01-01

Full Text Available High demand of care and the academic burden of courses of specialization in medicine affect the mental health of medical residents with events ranging from simple emotional discomfort to development of affective disorders in susceptible individuals. The suicide of physicians has produced programs for their attention in some countries. We present the first mental health clinic for residents of a high specialty hospital in Mexico, focused on the prevention of suicide and depression, treatment of mental disorders and mental health promotion. Unlike the reports of other countries, we get participation of more than 95%, we provide appropriate treatment and follow-up to residents with mental disorder, and there has not been a consummate suicide. We assume that the use of different strategies (scrutiny, adapting models of prevention of suicide as a peer and gatekeeper training, informative sessions of mental health promotion and stigma, interventions targeted at individuals and groups with conflicts has been useful against barriers that do not allow doctors to identify the risk of suicide warning signs, seek help for mental disorder, and seek to improve their mental health.

A study of the mandibular canal in digital panoramic radiographic images of a selected Korean population

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jae Duk; Kim, Jin Soo

2007-01-01

To determine the more valuable information to detect the mandibular canal and the mental foramen in panoramic radiographs of a selected Korean population for the implant. This study analysed 288 panoramic radiographic images of patients taken at the Dental hospital of Chosun University retrospectively. Indirect digital panoramic X-ray machine (ProlineXC, PLANMECA, Finland) with processing by using Directview CR950 (Kodak, U.S.A.) and Direct digital panoramic X-ray machine (Promax, PLANMECA, Finland) were used for all exposures. All images were converted into Dicom format. The common position of the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (68.1%). The mental foramen was lower symmetrical in 81.8% of cases. The mandibular canal was not identified at anterior portion and discontinued with the mental foramen in 27.8% of all cases, in 42.4% identified with lower border line continued with the mental foramen, in 14.6% with both upper and lower border lines, and in 15.3% unilaterally identified with lower border line. Clinicians can estimate the upper border line of the mandibular canal from the confirmation of the mental foramen and the lower border line of the mandibular canal symmetrically on the panoramic radiography taken in adjusted midsaggital plane of patient's head

Community mental health nurses’ experience of decentralised and integrated psychiatric-mental health care services in the Southern mental health region of Botswana (part 1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.K. Maphorisa

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Since the inception of the decentralisation and integration of psychiatric mental health care services into the general health care delivery system in Botswana, there has never been a study to investigate what community mental health nurses are experiencing due to the policy. Many of these nurses have been leaving the scantily staffed mental health care services in increasing numbers to join other sectors of health or elsewhere since the beginning of the implementation of the policy. During the research study, phenomenological in-depth interviews were conducted with three groups of 12 community mental health nurses altogether. An open central question was posed to each group followed by probing questions to explore and describe these nurses’ experience of the decentralisation and integration of psychiatric-mental health care services. After the data was analysed, related literature was incorporated and guidelines for advanced psychiatric nurses were formulated and described to assist these nurses to cope with the decentralisation and integration of psychiatric-mental health care services. The guidelines were set up for the management of the community mental health nurses who are experiencing obstacles in the quest for mental health which also interfere with their capabilities as mental health care providers.

Development of Mental Health Indicators in Korea

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Hyeree; Ahn, Dong Hyun; Song, Jinhee; Hwang, Tae Yeon

2012-01-01

Objective Promoting mental health and preventing mental health problems are important tasks for international organizations and nations. Such goals entail the establishment of active information networks and effective systems and indicators to assess the mental health of populations. This being said, there is a need in Korea develop ways to measure the state of mental health in Korea. Methods This paper reviews the mental health indicator development policies and practices of seven organizations, countries, and regions: WHO, OECD, EU, United States, Australia, UK, and Scotland. Using Delphi method, we conducted two surveys of mental health indicators for experts in the field of mental health. The survey questionnaire included 5 domains: mental health status, mental health factor, mental health system, mental health service, and quality of mental health services. We considered 124 potential mental health indicators out of more than 600 from indicators of international organizations and foreign countries. Results We obtained the top 30 mental health indicators from the surveys. Among them, 10 indicators belong to the mental health system. The most important five mental health indicators are suicide rate, rate of increase in mental disorder treatment, burden caused by mental disorders, adequacy of identifying problems of mental health projects and deriving solutions, and annual prevalence of mental disorders. Conclusion Our study provides information about the process for indicator development and the use of survey results to measure the mental health status of the Korean population. The aim of mental health indicator development is to improve the mental health system by better grasping the current situation. We suggest these mental health indicators can monitor progress in efforts to implement reform policies, provide community services, and involve users, families and other stakeholders in mental health promotion, prevention, care and rehabilitation. PMID:23251193

Consultations for mental problems in general practices with and without mental health nurses.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Magnée, T.; Beurs, D. de; Verhaak, P.

2016-01-01

Background & Aim: It seems cost-effective to provide mental health care to patient with mild mental problems in general practices instead of in specialized care, but general practitioners (GPs) often lack time or expertise. Since 2008, Dutch GPs have been collaborating with nurses with mental health

42 CFR 431.620 - Agreement with State mental health authority or mental institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Agreement with State mental health authority or mental institutions. 431.620 Section 431.620 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Relations With Other Agencies § 431.620 Agreement with State mental health...

La Rencontre à la Porte dorée. Image, texte et contexte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Réjane Gay-Canton

2012-04-01

Full Text Available À travers l’analyse d’une série de manuscrits allemands illustrés entre le dernier quart du xive siècle et la seconde moitié du xve siècle, l’essai montre que seules de rares images de la Rencontre d’Anne et Joachim à la Porte dorée renvoient à l’Immaculée Conception. Lors de son intégration à la Weltchronik de Heinrich von München et à la Historienbibel, le Marienleben de Bruder Philipp conserve sa position maculiste. Mais dans le second texte, l’image de la Rencontre à la Porte dorée prend une signification différente par l’ajout ou la suppression d’un titulus mentionnant le baiser fécondant. Après avoir observé les résonnances de ces changements sur l’image et souligné l’indépendance de cette dernière face au texte narratif comme à la doctrine théologique, l’essai revient sur l’origine de l’idée du baiser fécondant. Il indique qu’elle n’est ni directement issue des premiers textes littéraires de la conception de Marie que sont les récits apocryphes chrétiens, ni des développements théologiques, mais bien d’un amalgame entre ces deux supports et l’image de la Rencontre à la Porte dorée. L’idée du baiser fécondant reste le propre des illitterati qui trouvèrent en elle un moyen de contourner la théorie augustienne de la transmission du péché originel en attribuant à la future mère de Dieu une conception exempte de toute concupiscence charnelle. Lue sous ce prisme, l’image devient le lieu de projection de l’image mentale. Elle est alors chargée d’un sens nouveau et vient dialoguer avec le texte qu’elle n’illustre plus, mais dont elle offre une lecture parallèle. Au final, seule sa mise en contexte permet de déterminer, au cas par cas, si l’image de la Rencontre renvoie au baiser fécondant et ainsi à l’Immaculée Conception.By analysing a series of illustrated German manuscripts between the last quarter of the xivth century and the second half of the

Therapeutical Intervention, Relaxation, Mental Images, and Spirituality (RIME for Spiritual Pain in Terminal Patients. A Training Program

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Catarina de Araújo Elias

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Therapeutic intervention involving the technique of Relaxation, Mental Images, and Spirituality (RIME can foster the redefinition of spiritual pain in terminal patients. A training course was developed to instruct health care professionals in its use, and the results were followed up by evaluating reactions of professionals to its use in intervention with patients. Six subjects (a nurse, a doctor, three psychologists, and an alternative therapist, all skilled in palliative care, were invited to take part in the experience. They worked with 11 terminal patients in public hospitals of the cities of Campinas, Piracicaba, and São Paulo, located in Brazil. The theoretical basis for the study involves action research and phenomenology, and the results were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis of the experience of the professionals revealed 5 categories and 15 subcategories. The analysis of the nature of spiritual pain revealed 6 categories and 11 subcategories. The administration of RIME revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001, i.e., patients reported a greater level of well-being at the end than at the beginning of sessions, which suggests that RIME led to the redefinition of spiritual pain for these terminal patients. The training program proposed has shown itself to be effective in preparing health care professionals for the use of RIME intervention.

India mental health country profile.

Science.gov (United States)

Khandelwal, Sudhir K; Jhingan, Harsh P; Ramesh, S; Gupta, Rajesh K; Srivastava, Vinay K

2004-01-01

India, the second most populated country of the world with a population of 1.027 billion, is a country of contrasts. It is characterized as one of the world's largest industrial nations, yet most of the negative characteristics of poor and developing countries define India too. The population is predominantly rural, and 36% of people still live below poverty line. There is a continuous migration of rural people into urban slums creating major health and economic problems. India is one of the pioneer countries in health services planning with a focus on primary health care. Improvement in the health status of the population has been one of the major thrust areas for social development programmes in the country. However, only a small percentage of the total annual budget is spent on health. Mental health is part of the general health services, and carries no separate budget. The National Mental Health Programme serves practically as the mental health policy. Recently, there was an eight-fold increase in budget allocation for the National Mental Health Programme for the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007). India is a multicultural traditional society where people visit religious and traditional healers for general and mental health related problems. However, wherever modern health services are available, people do come forward. India has a number of public policy and judicial enactments, which may impact on mental health. These have tried to address the issues of stigma attached to the mental illnesses and the rights of mentally ill people in society. A large number of epidemiological surveys done in India on mental disorders have demonstrated the prevalence of mental morbidity in rural and urban areas of the country; these rates are comparable to global rates. Although India is well placed as far as trained manpower in general health services is concerned, the mental health trained personnel are quite limited, and these are mostly based in urban areas. Considering this

Chronic Pain and Mental Health Disorders: Shared Neural Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Hooten, W Michael

2016-07-01

Chronic pain and mental health disorders are common in the general population, and epidemiological studies suggest that a bidirectional relationship exists between these 2 conditions. The observations from functional imaging studies suggest that this bidirectional relationship is due in part to shared neural mechanisms. In addition to depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, individuals with chronic pain are at risk of other mental health problems including suicide and cigarette smoking and many have sustained sexual violence. Within the broader biopsychosocial model of pain, the fear-avoidance model explains how behavioral factors affect the temporal course of chronic pain and provides the framework for an array of efficacious behavioral interventions including cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance-based therapies, and multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation. Concomitant pain and mental health disorders often complicate pharmacological management, but several drug classes, including serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticonvulsants, have efficacy for both conditions and should be considered first-line treatment agents. Copyright © 2016 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Plantio direto de alface americana sobre plantas de cobertura dessecadas ou roçadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréia Cristina Silva Hirata

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o plantio direto de alface americana no verão sobre plantas de cobertura dessecadas ou roçadas em cultivos sucessivos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Álvares Machado, São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. O fator da parcela principal foram dois manejos das plantas de cobertura (dessecadas com herbicida ou roçadas e as subparcelas, seis espécies de plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan cv. IAPAR 43, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Mucuna pruriens, Pennisetum glaucum e vegetação natural, além da testemunha sem plantas de cobertura. O manejo roçado apresentou desempenho inferior no primeiro cultivo da alface, todavia não diferiu do manejo químico no segundo cultivo. A cobertura do solo com mucuna apresentou maior produtividade da alface no primeiro cultivo devido ao excesso de palha das demais coberturas, o qual prejudicou o estabelecimento da alface. No segundo cultivo não houve diferenças entre as coberturas. A roçagem de plantas de cobertura é uma opção viável para plantio direto de alface sem herbicidas.

Eficacia da limpeza ou desinfecao do meato urinario antes da cateterizacao urinaria: revisao sistematica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madalena Cunha

2013-12-01

Full Text Available As infeções do trato urinário associadas à cateterização são muito frequentes no contexto comunitário e hospitalar. Existem atualmente várias recomendações para sua prevenção, contudo, quando abordado o soluto a utilizar no meato urinário previamente à algaliação continuam a persistir dúvidas. Assim, este estudo procurou determinar a eficácia da limpeza do meato urinário com água ou soro fisiológico comparativamente à sua assepsia por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise. Para isso foram seguidos os princípios propostos pelo Cochrane Handbook , a análise crítica realizada por dois investigadores e a análise estatística com recurso ao programa STATA 11.1. Podemos concluir que a limpeza ou desinfeção do meato urinário previamente à cateterização vesical não é estatisticamente significativa (OR=1,07, IC 95%=0,68-1,68, p=0,779, existindo alguma evidência de que a utilização de água/soro fisiológico reduz as taxas de ITU.

"We Are Not Really Marketing Mental Health": Mental Health Advocacy in Zimbabwe.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reuben Hendler

Full Text Available Few people with mental disorders in low and middle-income countries (LMICs receive treatment, in part because mental disorders are highly stigmatized and do not enjoy priority and resources commensurate with their burden on society. Advocacy has been proposed as a means of building political will and community support for mental health and reducing stigma, but few studies have explored the practice and promise of advocacy in LMICs.We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with leaders in health and mental health in Zimbabwe to explore key stakeholder perceptions on the challenges and opportunities of the country's mental health system. We coded the transcripts using the constant comparative method, informed by principles of grounded theory. Few interview questions directly concerned advocacy, yet in our analysis, advocacy emerged as a prominent, cross-cutting theme across participants and interview questions.Two thirds of the respondents discussed advocacy, often in depth, returning to the concept throughout the interview and emphasizing their belief in advocacy's importance. Participants described six distinct components of advocacy: the advocates, to whom they advocate ("targets", what they advocate for ("asks", how advocates reach their targets ("access", how they make their asks ("arguments", and the results of their advocacy ("outcomes".Despite their perception that mental health is widely misunderstood and under-appreciated in Zimbabwe, respondents expressed optimism that strategically speaking out can reduce stigma and increase access to care. Key issues included navigating hierarchies, empowering service users to advocate, and integrating mental health with other health initiatives. Understanding stakeholder perceptions sets the stage for targeted development of mental health advocacy in Zimbabwe and other LMICs.

"We Are Not Really Marketing Mental Health": Mental Health Advocacy in Zimbabwe.

Science.gov (United States)

Hendler, Reuben; Kidia, Khameer; Machando, Debra; Crooks, Megan; Mangezi, Walter; Abas, Melanie; Katz, Craig; Thornicroft, Graham; Semrau, Maya; Jack, Helen

2016-01-01

Few people with mental disorders in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) receive treatment, in part because mental disorders are highly stigmatized and do not enjoy priority and resources commensurate with their burden on society. Advocacy has been proposed as a means of building political will and community support for mental health and reducing stigma, but few studies have explored the practice and promise of advocacy in LMICs. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with leaders in health and mental health in Zimbabwe to explore key stakeholder perceptions on the challenges and opportunities of the country's mental health system. We coded the transcripts using the constant comparative method, informed by principles of grounded theory. Few interview questions directly concerned advocacy, yet in our analysis, advocacy emerged as a prominent, cross-cutting theme across participants and interview questions. Two thirds of the respondents discussed advocacy, often in depth, returning to the concept throughout the interview and emphasizing their belief in advocacy's importance. Participants described six distinct components of advocacy: the advocates, to whom they advocate ("targets"), what they advocate for ("asks"), how advocates reach their targets ("access"), how they make their asks ("arguments"), and the results of their advocacy ("outcomes"). Despite their perception that mental health is widely misunderstood and under-appreciated in Zimbabwe, respondents expressed optimism that strategically speaking out can reduce stigma and increase access to care. Key issues included navigating hierarchies, empowering service users to advocate, and integrating mental health with other health initiatives. Understanding stakeholder perceptions sets the stage for targeted development of mental health advocacy in Zimbabwe and other LMICs.

Visual Images as a Motivational Bridge to Pro-Environmental Behaviour: A Cognitive Approach

OpenAIRE

Boomsma, Christine

2013-01-01

Communicating climate change and other long-term environmental issues to the wider public is a challenging process involving many barriers to action. Visualisations have the ability to overcome these barriers. Furthermore, the benefits of visual images over verbal information have been supported. However, there is a lack of research on how visual images can motivate behaviour. Based on Elaborated Intrusion theory, it is proposed that visual images can be internalised as mental images which ca...

[Improving Mental Health Literacy and Mental Illness Stigma in the Population of Hamburg].

Science.gov (United States)

Lambert, Martin; Härter, Martin; Arnold, Detlef; Dirmaier, Jörg; Tlach, Lisa; Liebherz, Sarah; Sänger, Sylvia; Karow, Anne; Brandes, Andreas; Sielaff, Gyöngyver; Bock, Thomas

2015-07-01

Evidence shows that poor mental health literacy and stigmatization have negative consequences on mental health. However, studies on interventions to improve both are often heterogenic in methodology and results. The psychenet-campaign in Hamburg was developed and implemented in collaboration with patients and relatives and comprised multidimensional interventions focusing on education and contact to patients. The main goals were the improvement of mental health literacy and destigmatization and the long-term implementation within Hamburg's mental health care system. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Abordagem da equipe de enfermagem ao usuário na emergência em saúde mental em um pronto atendimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Érika Hissae Kondo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Pesquisa qualitativa exploratória desenvolvida em 2008, num Centro Municipal de Urgências Médicas/Curitiba. Objetivos: conhecer a concepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre emergências em saúde mental e analisar como se desenvolve a abordagem da equipe de enfermagem ao usuário com transtorno mental em situação de emergência. Participaram 6 enfermeiros e 7 técnicos em enfermagem que atuam na emergência e internamento. Os dados foram obtidos mediante entrevista semi-estruturada e organizados em categorias temáticas. Para os participantes, emergências psiquiátricas são situações que apresentam risco de vida para a pessoa ou a terceiros. Como características de emergência citaram: comportamento agressivo e agitado, tentativa de suicídio e abuso de substâncias. A primeira impressão do comportamento do paciente e a tentativa de diálogo determinam quais condutas os profissionais adotam. Reconhecem dificuldade e despreparo na abordagem ao paciente. Conclui-se que há necessidade de educação permanente sobre novos serviços e adaptações dos existentes para o atendimento nessa área.

Theory of Scanning and Imaging of Radioisotope Distributions; Theorie de la Scintigraphoe a Balayage ou Fixe; Teoriya skennirovaniya i izobrazhenie raspredeleniya radioizotopov; Teoria de la Exploracion y de la Obtencion de Imagenes de Distribuciones Radioisotopicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cassen, B. [Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

1964-10-15

In a published paper, the author has presented a simplified basic theory of the quantitative performance characteristics of radioisotope imaging and scanning systems. A ''figure of merit'' is derived, depending partly on the instrument characteristics and partly on the methodology utilized. The factors involved in the figure of merit are: the count-rate sensitivity of the detector per unit solid angle, subtended from a resolution element, the solid angle subtended from a resolution element, the number of resolution elements viewed simultaneously, the number of resolution elements in the total field scanned or imaged, the dose concentration, the total time taken to produce an image or scan and the background count-rate. In the present presentation the basic theory is further refined and discussed to take into account factors such as ''depth-of-focus'' resolution, variable speed or variable dwell scanning, possibilities of variable or automatically variable resolution, relative resolvability of ''cold'' and ''hot'' nodules, field size and use of special radioisotopes and types of detectors. Also, a discussion is presented on the handling and processing of data arising from scanning and imaging techniques. The relative merits of background eliminators and contrast enhancement procedures such as photoscanning and colour scanning are analysed. The advantages and possible disadvantages of tape recording original data and the repeated playback through contrast and background processing circuits is discussed. Some experimentally determined figure-of-merit data are presented on a widely used commercialscanner and on some new developments, especially a new high quantum utilization scanner, which is briefly described in the above-mentioned article and has since undergone further development, improvement and testing. (author) [French] Dans une publication, l'auteur a expose une theorie fondamentale simplifiee des caracteristiques quantitatives de rendement des divers systemes

States Pass Diverse Slate of Mental Health Legislation in 2013. Mental Health: 2013 Legislative Session

Science.gov (United States)

Thomsen, Jennifer

2014-01-01

Recent violence in schools and on college campuses has brought into sharp focus the need to address mental health issues in educational settings. Getting students with mental health problems the help they need, without stigmatizing mental illness, may help prevent future tragedies. Children with mental health problems face a host of challenges,…

Deinstitutionalization: Its Impact on Community Mental Health Centers and the Seriously Mentally Ill

Science.gov (United States)

Kliewer, Stephen P.; McNally Melissa; Trippany, Robyn L.

2009-01-01

Deinstitutionalization has had a significant impact on the mental health system, including the client, the agency, and the counselor. For clients with serious mental illness, learning to live in a community setting poses challenges that are often difficult to overcome. Community mental health agencies must respond to these specific needs, thus…

Prevalence of mental illness within families in a regional child-focussed mental health service.

Science.gov (United States)

Naughton, Michael F A; Maybery, Darryl J; Goodyear, Melinda

2018-04-01

Nearly 50% of all mental illnesses begin in childhood before the age of 14 years, and over 20% of parents have a mental illness. Few studies have examined the co-occurrence of mental illnesses in parents and children. In the present study, we examined the extent of mental illness within families of 152 clients attending an Australian regional child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). A cross-sectional study design was employed involving a case record review and clinician-completed questionnaire of the children and youth attending a CAMHS. It was found that 79% of these children were living with a parent with mental illness. The predominant diagnosis of both child and parent was an anxiety or mood disorder, and many families had co-occurring risk factors of domestic violence and limited social supports. The findings in this Australian cohort are similar to those of other international research. While novel in nature, the present study has highlighted the extent of both mental illness and scarce supports for both children and parents in the same family. The findings indicate the need for a coordinated multiservice delivery of appropriate and consistent family-focussed interventions, responding to both mental illness and social supports for children and parents. Further research should examine specific components of family need and support, as seen through the eyes of the child and their parent. © 2017 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

Maurice Couturier. Nabokov ou la cruauté du désir.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

René Alladaye

2006-04-01

Full Text Available La lecture peut avoir partie liée avec la transgression. Maurice Couturier en apporte la preuve dans son dernier ouvrage, Nabokov ou la cruauté du désir, en enfreignant l’un des plus célèbres interdits nabokoviens, celui de la lecture psychanalytique de son œuvre. On se souvient des préfaces des romans où l’auteur ne se fait jamais faute de décourager la moindre velléité freudienne et d’une réponse des plus tranchantes administrée dans le cadre d’un entretien : « Laissons les crédules et les ...

Miopatia miotubular ou centronuclear: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roscicler Pereira de Sousa

1977-09-01

Full Text Available É relatado um caso de miopatia miotubular ou centronuclear em paciente de 13 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, com história de hipotonia e ptose palpebral congênitas. Estudos clínicos, eletromiográficos e anátomopatológicos (inclusive microscopia eletrônica evidenciaram achados comparáveis aos encontrados na revisão bibliográfica. São também discutidos os diagnósticos diferenciais e os achados de microscopia eletrônica.

Evaluating The Impact Of Novice Students Sketches On Their Mental Imagery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Helmi

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Reinterpretation is one of the activities that occur in visualization the role of reinterpretation is restructuring half form idea and it can be performed with applying sketch as a useful tool and creation development evaluation communication and sharing of ideas can be facilitated by sketching. Reinterpretation basically is the outcome of the lateral thinking process. Investigating of the reinterpretation of some designers indicate that externalizing a design may not be the solitary approach of designing visually and for expert architects sketching is not a crucial action in the early stages of conceptual designing. Moreover experts could progress in design by thinking only. However novice students have problem in reinterpreting patterns in their mental image whether tools such as sketch could help in the better performance of the reinterpretation process. This paper raises a fundamental question that if the sketch of novice students can support their mental imagery in order to answer this question this paper uses documentary method to investigate the previous studies in this field. Finally in accordance to the weakness of novices sketches this study concluded that their sketches could not support their mental imagery.

Implicit self-other discrimination affects the interplay between multisensory affordances of mental representations of faces.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeugin, David; Arfa, Norhan; Notter, Michael; Murray, Micah M; Ionta, Silvio

2017-08-30

Face recognition is an apparently straightforward but, in fact, complex ability, encompassing the activation of at least visual and somatosensory representations. Understanding how identity shapes the interplay between these face-related affordances could clarify the mechanisms of self-other discrimination. To this aim, we exploited the so-called "face inversion effect" (FIE), a specific bias in the mental rotation of face images (of other people): with respect to inanimate objects, face images require longer time to be mentally rotated from the upside-down. Via the FIE, which suggests the activation of somatosensory mechanisms, we assessed identity-related changes in the interplay between visual and somatosensory affordances between self- and other-face representations. Methodologically, to avoid the potential interference of the somatosensory feedback associated with musculoskeletal movements, we introduced the tracking of gaze direction to record participants' response. Response times from twenty healthy participants showed the larger FIE for self- than other-faces, suggesting that the impact of somatosensory affordances on mental representation of faces varies according to identity. The present study lays the foundations of a quantifiable method to implicitly assess self-other discrimination, with possible translational benefits for early diagnosis of face processing disturbances (e.g. prosopagnosia), and for neurophysiological studies on self-other discrimination in ethological settings. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physiotherapy for people with mental health problems in Sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Vancampfort, Davy; Stubbs, Brendon; Probst, Michel; Mugisha, James

2018-01-01

There is a need for psychosocial interventions to address the escalating mental health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Physiotherapists could have a central role in reducing the burden and facilitating recovery within the multidisciplinary care of people with mental health problems. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the role of physiotherapists within the current mental health policies of SSA countries and to explore the current research evidence for physiotherapy to improve functional outcomes in people with mental health problems in SSA. The Mental Health Atlas and MiNDbank of the World Health Organization were screened for the role of physiotherapy in mental health plans. Next, we systematically searched PubMed from inception until August 1st, 2017 for relevant studies on physiotherapy interventions in people with mental health problems in SSA. The following search strategy was used: "physiotherapy" OR "physical therapy" OR "rehabilitation" AND "mental" OR "depression" OR "psychosis" OR "schizophrenia" OR "bipolar" AND the name of the country. The current systematic review shows that in 22 screened plans only 2 made reference to the importance of considering physiotherapy within the multidisciplinary treatment. The current evidence (N studies = 3; n participants = 94) shows that aerobic exercise might reduce depression and improve psychological quality of life, self-esteem, body image and emotional stress in people with HIV having mental health problems. In people with depression moderate to high but not light intensity aerobic exercise results in significantly less depressive symptoms ( N  = 1, n  = 30). Finally, there is evidence for reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms (avoidance and arousal), anxiety and depression following body awareness related exercises (N = 1, n  = 26). Our review demonstrated that physiotherapy is still largely neglected in the mental health care systems of SSA. This is probably due to

[Work-related stress and mental health - can work lead to mental disorders?

Science.gov (United States)

Ptáček, Radek; Vňuková, Martina; Raboch, Jiří

2017-01-01

In the past two decades, special attention was paid to mental health issues. The available literature suggests, for example, the relationship between the workload and mental discomfort and the occurrence of myocardial infarction. This article focuses mainly on the issue of work-related stress and its impact on mental health. In this context, it must be acknowledged that possible psychological problems due to work are not only employees problem. These difficulties can significantly affect performance - and thus they should be the concern of the employer, but also of customers, clients and patients who come into contact with the worker who might develop some mental problems, due to the nature of his work and working conditions. This article provides an overview of the various factors affecting the mental health of employees. These are, for example, work demands, working hours and workplace relations. In conclusion, it brings results of Czech study examining job stress among working population.

PENGENALAN SEJAK DINI PENDERITA MENTAL DISORDER

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mubasyaroh Mubasyaroh

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Mental disorder merupakan bentuk gangguan dan kekacauan fungsi mental yang disebabkan oleh kegagalan mereaksinya mekanisme adaptasi dari fungsi-fungsi kejiwaan/ terhadap stimuli eksternal dan ketegangan-ketegangan sehingga muncul gangguan pada struktur kejiwaan. Gangguan  mental Merupakan totalitas kesatuan dari ekspresi mental yang patologis terhadap stimuli sosial,   yang  dikombinasikan dengan  factor-faktor sekunder lainnya. Seperti halnya rasa pusing, sesak nafas, demam panas dan  nyeri-nyeri pada  lambung  sebagai pertanda  permulaan dari penyakit jasmani, maka mental disorder itu mempunyai pertanda awal antara lain: cemas, ketakutan, pahit hati, dengki, apatis, cemburu,  iri, marah secara eksplosif, asosial, ketegangan kronis, dan lain sebagainya. Maka kesehatan mental yang baik itu, berarti mempunyai perasaan positif tentang diri sendiri, mampu menyelesaikan masalah dan tekanan hidup sehari-hari, dan bisa membentuk dan menjaga hubungan baik dengan orang lain. Selama ini kita sudah memahami pentingnya menjaga kesehatan fisik. Tapi menjaga kesehatan mental juga sama pentingnya dengan kesehatan fisik. Kenyataannya, kesehatan mental yang buruk akan mengakibatkan kesehatan fisik yang buruk pula. kata  kunci:  Mental  Disorder,  Gangguan Jiwa,   Kekalutan Mental. THE    INTRODUCTION    OF     THE    EARLY PATIENTS WITH MENTAL  DISORDER.  Mental   disorder  is  a  form of disruption and chaos mental  function that is caused  by the failure of mereaksinya adaptation  mechanism  of psychological  functions/ against external stimuli and tensions so that appears on the structure of the disorders psychological disorders. Mental disturbances is the totality of the unity of mental expression pathological culture toward social stimuli, combined with the factor of other secondary factor. Like a sense of dizziness, breathing difficulties, hot Fever and pain in the pain in the stomach as a sign of the beginning of

Retraso mental y calidad de vida Mental retardation and quality of life

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Israel López

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con todos los niños de 0 a 14 años diagnosticados con algún grado de retraso mental, en el municipio Playa, en el año 2001. Encontramos un total de 244 retrasados mentales pertenecientes a ese grupo de edad, para el 21,2 %. Los antecedentes perinatales se presentaron como causa de retraso mental en un 29,5 %. Dentro de las enfermedades más frecuentemente asociadas al embarazo encontramos las infecciones, la desnutrición y/o anemia. Los eventos del período neonatal relacionados con el retraso mental, como son, el parto pretérmino, el instrumentado y la cesárea, mostraron indicadores por encima de los aceptados por el programa materno infantil. De igual manera se comportaron el bajo peso, el apgar bajo y los signos de hipoxia. Existen antecedentes de enfermedades graves e ingresos hospitalarios en el 34,4 % de los casos por diferentes causas, entre las que se destacan las infecciones.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all the children aged 0-14 that were diagnosed some degree of mental retardation in Playa municipality, in 2001. We found a total of 244 mentally retarded in that age group, accounting for 21.2 %. The perinatal history was presented as a cause of mental retardation in 29.5 %. Infections, malnutrition and/or anemia were among the diseases most frequently associated with pregnancy. The events of the neonatal period related to mental retardation, such as preterm delivery, instrumented delivery and cesarean section, showed indicators above the accepted by the maternal and children's program. Low birth weight, low apgar score and hypoxia signs behaved in the same way. In 34.4 % of the cases there was history of severe diseases and admissions due to different causes, among which infections stood out.

Salud mental y adicciones

OpenAIRE

Boccalari, Paola

2013-01-01

La recientemente reglamentada Ley Nacional de Salud Mental 26.657 plantea amplias reformas en el ámbito de la salud pública. Este escrito se detendrá en uno de los puntos de la ley referido al lugar de las adicciones en las políticas de salud mental. Reflexionará sobre las conexiones entre la salud mental y adicciones. Si bien desde la nueva ley las adicciones forman parte de las políticas de salud mental, la “Y” conectora entre ambas, a la vez que unifica ambos campos, también hace pensar en...

Acute mental health care and South African mental health legislation

African Journals Online (AJOL)

information on mental health care outcome, to do a cost analysis and to establish a quality assurance cycle that may facilitate a cost ... clinical record reviews of mental health service delivery, training ... (d) describe the demographic and clinical profile of HIV positive ..... accommodate the differentiated but integrated care of.

[Poverty and Mental Disorders in the Colombian Population: National Mental Health Survey 2015].

Science.gov (United States)

Quitian, Hoover; Ruiz-Gaviria, Rafael E; Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos; Rondón, Martin

2016-12-01

Poverty has been associated in some studies with poorer outcomes in mental problems and disorders. A circular relationship has been considered in which poverty fosters the appearance of mental illness and this facilitates greater poverty. There are no studies in Colombia on this subject. To describe the association between mental problems and disorders and poverty according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in Colombia. Using the 2015 National Mental Health Survey, adjusted with the expansion factors for the population. The prevalences of mental problems and disorders obtained through semi-structured interviews employing the instruments SRQ-20, AUDIT C and A, modified PCL, familiar APGAR and CIDI CAPI. The poverty status was determined by the MPI. A total of 13,200 households were interviewed, of which 13.5% were classified as in a poverty condition, 6.3% of the adolescents of poor households reported a life-time prevalence of any mental disorder, and 4.6% in the last 12 months. On the other hand, the prevalences for the same age group not in a poverty condition were 7.2% and 3.3%, respectively. For adults in poverty, the prevalence of life-time mental disorders were 9.2%, with 4.3% in the last year, while those not considered poor showed prevalences of 9.1% and 3.9% for the same time periods. For the population of Colombia, there is a relationship between not being able to access the basic basket of goods and the presence of mental diseases, although there does not seems to be an association between an increase in poverty and the deterioration of mental health. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

BIOÉTICA, SALUD MENTAL Y GÉNERO BIOÉTICA, SAÚDE MENTAL E GÊNERO BIOETHICS, MENTAL HEALTH CARE AND GENDER

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Bravo de Rueda Ortega

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo enfoca el desarrollo de tres importantes conceptos, propios de nuestra era, cuya definición y alcance inicial han cambiado en los últimos años: bioética, salud mental y género. Analiza su interrelación, utilizando datos del estudio epidemiológico hecho en Lima, Perú, por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental en "mujeres unidas"Este artigo enfoca o desenvolvimento de três importantes conceitos, próprios de nosso tempo, cuja definição e alcance inicial mudaram nos últimos anos: bioética, saúde mental e gênero. Analisa sua inter-relação, utilizando dados do estudo epidemiológico feito em Lima, Perú, pelo Instituto Ncional de Saúde MentalThis paper focuses on the development of three main concepts, representing our time, whose definition and initial impact has changed in the last years: bioethics, mental health care and gender. It analyzes their interrelationship using data from the epidemiological research carried out in Lima, Peru, by the National Institute of Mental Health Care of Woman in "united women"

Optique moderne et post-moderne dans la composition d'images transculturelles dans trois films de Woody Allen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadia Fuchs

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Avec le personnage récurrent juif new-yorkais névrosé plus ou moins autobiographique, les films de Woody Allen ont créé, volontairement ou pas, leur propre mythologie et un genre à part entière composé de codes que le spectateur décrypte instantanément. Pourtant, Woody Allen est surtout un cinéaste post-moderne, analysant et déconstruisant les simulacres de son époque. Il est ainsi un passeur d'images retraçant l'histoire des arts modernes des XXe et XXIe siècles et de leurs stratégies énonciatives et réceptives.With the recurrent persona of the neurotic and more or less autobiographical Jewish New Yorker, Woody Allen's films have created, willingly or not, their own mythology and a specific genre made up of codes readily accessible to the spectator. However, Woody Allen is more than anything else a postmodern filmmaker who analyses and deconstructs the simulacra of his time. He is thus a conveyor of images which retrace the history of modern art of the XXth and XXIth centuries, and of their strategies of enunciation and reception.

Let's go outside: using photography to explore values and culture in mental health nursing.

Science.gov (United States)

Aranda, K; de Goeas, S; Davies, S; Radcliffe, M; Christoforou, A

2015-06-01

Creative and imaginative approaches to mental healthcare education are known to help students explore emotions, empathy and others' experiences, as well as address ambivalence and ambiguity. Very few studies in mental health nursing education specifically utilise photography as a participatory pedagogic tool, with even fewer utilising photography to explore understandings of culture, values and diversity. Photography makes visible complex, collaborative forms of learning and previously unidentified, unarticulated ideas about culture and values. Photography as a critical pedagogic method helps develop critical, politicized understandings of culture and values. Increasing culturally diverse populations means complex and conflicting values have become a common feature in mental health nursing. In education the need to critically examine such topics necessitates creative and engaging pedagogy, and visual methods are readily acknowledged as such. Yet while many studies advocate and demonstrate the value of art-based methods in student learning, very few studies in mental health nursing specifically utilize photography as a participatory pedagogic tool, and fewer still use photography to explore understandings of culture, values and diversity. In this paper, we discuss a qualitative study where mental health nursing students used photography to create images in order to explore their own and often dominant culture and attendant values. Findings suggest that photography makes visible situated, relational and collaborative learning, and surfaces previously unidentified, unarticulated ideas about culture and values. These practices mimic important processes central to mental health nursing practice and contemporaneous understandings of diverse cultures. We argue that photography provides an important resource with which to unearth subjugated knowledge, promote critical understandings of culture and values, and thereby help address inequalities in mental health care. © 2015

Ethnic differences in mental illness and mental health service use among Black fathers.

Science.gov (United States)

Doyle, Otima; Joe, Sean; Caldwell, Cleopatra H

2012-05-01

We have presented nationally representative data on the prevalence and correlates of mental illness and mental health service use among African American and Caribbean Black (US-born and foreign-born) fathers in the United States. We have reported national estimates of lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of mental illness, correlates, and service use among African American (n = 1254) and Caribbean Black (n = 633) fathers using data from the National Survey of American Life, a national household survey of Black Americans. We used bivariate cross-tabulations and Cox proportional hazards regression approaches and adjusted for the National Survey of American Life's complex sample design. The prevalence of mental illness, sociodemographic correlates, and service use among Black fathers varied by ethnicity and nativity. US-born Caribbean Black fathers had alarmingly high rates of most disorders, including depression, anxiety, and substance disorders. Mental health service use was particularly low for African American and foreign-born Caribbean Black fathers. These results demonstrate the need for more research on the causes and consequences of mental illness and the help-seeking behavior of ethnically diverse Black fathers.

Mental disorder comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, Kate M; McGee, Magnus A; Oakley Browne, Mark A; Wells, J Elisabeth

2006-10-01

To show the extent and patterning of 12 month mental disorder comorbidity in the New Zealand population, and its association with case severity, suicidality and health service utilization. A nationwide face-to-face household survey was carried out in October 2003 to December 2004 with 12,992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. The measurement of mental disorder was with the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Comorbidity was analysed with hierarchy, consistent with a clinical approach to disorder count. Comorbidity occurred among 37% of 12 month cases. Anxiety and mood disorders were most frequently comorbid. Strong bivariate associations occurred between alcohol and drug use disorders and, to a lesser extent, between substance use disorders and some anxiety and mood disorders. Comorbidity was associated with case severity, with suicidal behaviour (especially suicide attempts) and with health sector use (especially mental health service use). The widespread nature of mental disorder comorbidity has implications for the configuration of mental health services and for clinical practice.

Why mental disorders are just mental dysfunctions (and nothing more): some Darwinian arguments.

Science.gov (United States)

De Block, Andreas

2008-09-01

Mental disorders are often thought to be harmful dysfunctions. Jerome Wakefield has argued that such dysfunctions should be understood as failures of naturally selected functions. This suggests, implicitly, that evolutionary biology and other Darwinian disciplines hold important information for anyone working on answering the philosophical question, 'what is a mental disorder?'. In this article, the author argues that Darwinian theory is not only relevant to the understanding of the disrupted functions, but it also sheds light on the disruption itself, as well as on the harm that attends the disruption. The arguments advanced here are partially based on the view that a core feature of Darwinism is that it stresses the environmental relativity of functions and dysfunctions. These arguments show a very close empirical connection between social judgments (values) and dysfunctions (psychopathology), which is of interest for psychiatric theory. Philosophically, they lead to the conclusion that the concept of mental disorder is identical to the concept of mental dysfunction. Consequently, it is both misleading and redundant to conceptualize mental disorders as 'harmful dysfunctions', and not simply as 'mental dysfunctions'.

Children's Mental Health

Science.gov (United States)

... Español (Spanish) Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Mental health in childhood means reaching developmental and emotional milestones, ... is doing to improve access to care. Children’s Mental Health: What's New Article: U.S. Children with Diagnosed Anxiety ...

The lived experience of art making as a companion to the mental health recovery process.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Lith, Theresa; Fenner, Patricia; Schofield, Margot

2011-01-01

Art making is a common activity provided for consumers in mental health psychosocial rehabilitation services, yet there is little evidence available which examines its role in the recovery process. The current study inquires into mental health consumers' lived experiences of art making within psychosocial rehabilitation services and their views on how art making supports mental health recovery. This research used qualitative in-depth interviews to explore the role of art making in the mental health recovery journey. The sample comprised 18 consumer participants who attended art-based programs in two psychosocial services in Victoria, Australia. The 60-90 min interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. A total of 11 major themes were identified and organised into three areas: qualities conducive to the art making context, how the art making process benefits mental health recovery, and how the image or art product benefits mental health recovery. The 11 themes are described and illustrated from participant interviews. Consumers described art making as a transformative activity which enabled them to take greater control of their lives, resulting in feeling stronger, more confident, and more capable of driving their journey of recovery. The art product also served valuable roles in supporting their recovery. Art making is a highly valued activity by consumers, who suggest that innovative and strengths-based methods, such as art making, can facilitate recovery and self-expression. A key challenge for the field is to determine how such methods can be better integrated into mental health service delivery.

The promotion of mental health and the prevention of mental health problems in child and adolescent

OpenAIRE

sunmi cho; yunmi shin

2013-01-01

Improving mental health and reducing the burden of mental illness are complementary strategies which, along with the treatment and rehabilitation of people with mental disorders, significantly improve population health and well-being. A Institute of Medicine report describes a range of interventions for mental disorders that included treatment and maintenance, reserving the term “prevention” for efforts that occur before onset of a diagnosable disorder. Mental health problems affect 10&am...

Induction of food craving experience: the role of mental imagery, dietary restraint, mood and coping strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Jáuregui-Lobera, I; Bolaños-Ríos, P; Valero, E; Ruiz Prieto, I

2012-01-01

Food craving consists of a strong motivational state whereby a person is driven to seek and ingest a specifically desired food. To explore the influence of mental imagery on the food craving experience as well as to analyse the role of different psychological variables. Participants consisted of 65 normal weight undergraduate students. An experimental induction of food craving was analysed considering the actual previous craving and the induced one as a state food craving. Measures of trait food craving, imaging ability, dietary restraint, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies were considered. Sweet foods in general and chocolate in particular were the most craved foods. During the induction thoughts and images were the most highly rated triggers, and all the different sensory modalities were involved. Anxiety, depression, and negative coping strategies influenced the results with regards to the food craving. This study confirms the role of mental imagery, the correlation between state and trait food craving, and the influence of different psychological variables on the food craving.

Mental health beliefs and barriers to accessing mental health services in youth aging out of foster care.

Science.gov (United States)

Sakai, Christina; Mackie, Thomas I; Shetgiri, Rashmi; Franzen, Sara; Partap, Anu; Flores, Glenn; Leslie, Laurel K

2014-01-01

To examine the perspectives of youth on factors that influence mental health service use after aging out of foster care. Focus groups were conducted with youth with a history of mental health needs and previous service use who had aged out of foster care. Questions were informed by the Health Belief Model and addressed 4 domains: youth perceptions of the "threat of mental health problems," treatment benefits versus barriers to accessing mental health services, self-efficacy, and "cues to action." Data were analyzed using a modified grounded-theory approach. Youth (N = 28) reported ongoing mental health problems affecting their functioning; however, they articulated variable levels of reliance on formal mental health treatment versus their own ability to resolve these problems without treatment. Past mental health service experiences influenced whether youth viewed treatment options as beneficial. Youth identified limited self-efficacy and insufficient psychosocial supports "cueing action" during their transition out of foster care. Barriers to accessing mental health services included difficulties obtaining health insurance, finding a mental health provider, scheduling appointments, and transportation. Youths' perceptions of their mental health needs, self-efficacy, psychosocial supports during transition, and access barriers influence mental health service use after aging out of foster care. Results suggest that strategies are needed to 1) help youth and clinicians negotiate shared understanding of mental health treatment needs and options, 2) incorporate mental health into transition planning, and 3) address insurance and other systemic barriers to accessing mental health services after aging out of foster care. Copyright © 2014 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Desgaste físico e mental de auxiliares de enfermagem: uma análise sob o enfoque gerencial Desgaste físico y mental de auxiliares de enfermería: un análisis bajo el enfoque gerencial Mental and physical stress of auxiliary nurses: analysis of management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moema Miranda de Siqueira

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Buscando melhor compreender o trabalho em organizações de saúde. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em hospitais gerais contemplando alguns grupos ocupacionais. Supõe-se que a atividade de lidar com dor, sofrimento e morte interfere na organização, gestão, condições de trabalho e que de maneira geral, expõe os trabalhadores dessas organizações a um desgaste físico e mental intenso. Percebeu-se, no entanto, que tanto as organizações quanto os próprios grupos ocupacionais têm ainda pouca consciência sobre estes problemas, desenvolvendo poucas formas de regulação ou atenuação dos conflitos daí decorrentes. O artigo apresenta uma análise específica sobre o grupo de auxiliares de enfermagem e sugere, a título de conclusivo, algumas medidas que podem melhorar essa situação.Buscando comprender mejor el trabajo en organizaciones de salud, fue realizada una investigación en hospitales generales contemplando algunos grupos ocupacionales. Se supone que una actividad ligada a dolor, sufrimiento y muerte interfiere en la organización, gestión, condiciones de trabajo y que de manera general, expone a los trabajadores de esas organizaciones a un desgaste físico y mental intenso. Se notó también, que tanto las organizaciones como los propios grupos ocupacionales aún tienen escasa conciencia sobre estos problemas, desenvolviendo pocas formas de regulación o atenuación de los conflictos decorrentes. El artículo presenta un análisis específico sobre el grupo de auxiliares de enfermería y sugiere, a título de conclusión medidas que pueden mejorar esa situación.Seeking a better understanding of job stress, auxiliary nurses were evaluated in General Hospitals Belo Horizonte. The emotional stress which accompanies auxiliary nurses caring for the sick and easing physical and mental suffering affects their own mental state and physical health. Elements that cause suffering and diseases can be attenuated or intensified depending on

Prediction of Mental Health Based on Mental Toughness by the Mediation of Personality Dimensions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Ali Naji

2018-02-01

Conclusion: Some features of mental toughness regardless of the effect of the character can cause mental health that According to the findings, emotional control and self-confidence are more important. It is suggested that these items be taught to improve mental health.

Mental Health Mobile Apps: From Infusion to Diffusion in the Mental Health Social System

OpenAIRE

East, Marlene Lynette; Havard, Byron C

2015-01-01

The roles of mental health educators and professionals in the diffusion of mental health mobile apps are addressed in this viewpoint article. Mental health mobile apps are emerging technologies that fit under the broad heading of mobile health (mHealth). mHealth, encompassed within electronic health (eHealth), reflects the use of mobile devices for the practice of public health. Well-designed mental health mobile apps that present content in interactive, engaging, and stimulating ways can pro...

Information in mental health: qualitative study of mental health service users

OpenAIRE

Powell, John; Clarke, Aileen

2006-01-01

Background  Despite the widespread proliferation of consumer health information provision, little is known about information needs or information‐seeking behaviour in mental health. A qualitative study was therefore undertaken to explore these issues for mental health service users.

Comunidades científicas: condições ou estratégias de mudança

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lovisolo Hugo

1997-01-01

Full Text Available São focalizados, comparativamente, os desenvolvimentos das comunidades científicas argentina e brasileira. O autor parte do paradoxo entre as condições (econômicas, culturais e educacionais que deveriam ter favorecido o resultado, o desenvolvimento das comunidades científicas argentinas, quando se comparam com as vigentes no Brasil ao longo do século. Rejeitando, a partir do paradoxo entre condições e desenvolvimento efetivo, uma leitura externalista, o autor defende a importância metodológica de estudar as estratégias a favor do reconhecimento e da legitimação do papel do cientista. Distingue dois tipos ideais de estratégia: a cientificista ou intervencionista e a academicista ou da renúncia. Após caracterizar os tipos ideais, interpreta, com base em material histórico, seus desenvolvimentos em ambos os países. No caso argentino, teria dominado uma estratégia intervencionista que confronta a universidade e a intelectualidade com os poderes dominantes, em especial, o do Estado, além de enfrentamentos significativos entre os defensores de cada estratégia. No Brasil, a estratégia academicista teria sido dominante, conciliando as diferenças e estabelecendo um padrão de colaboração entre comunidade científica e o Estado. As diferenças entre os dois desenvolvimentos são, portanto, vistas como diferenças entre as possibilidades de confronto ou interpenetração das duas estratégias entre si e em suas relações, principalmente, com o Estado. Sugere-se que para entender o desenvolvimento específico das estratégias em nível nacional, faz-se necessário formular algumas hipóteses sobre o modo de integração das estratégias científicas com as tradições políticas e de definição de identidades em cada país.

Smartphone Applications for Mental Health

Science.gov (United States)

Vona, Pamela L.; Santostefano, Antonella M.; Ciaravino, Samantha; Miller, Elizabeth; Stein, Bradley D.

2016-01-01

Abstract Many adolescents and adults do not seek treatment for mental health symptoms. Smartphone applications (apps) may assist individuals with mental health concerns in alleviating symptoms or increasing understanding. This study seeks to characterize apps readily available to smartphone users seeking mental health information and/or support. Ten key terms were searched in the Apple iTunes and Google Play stores: mental health, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar, trauma, trauma in schools, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), child trauma, and bullying. A content analysis of the first 20 application descriptions retrieved per category was conducted. Out of 300 nonduplicate applications, 208 (70%) were relevant to search topic, mental health or stress. The most common purported purpose for the apps was symptom relief (41%; n = 85) and general mental health education (18%; n = 37). The most frequently mentioned approaches to improving mental health were those that may benefit only milder symptoms such as relaxation (21%; n = 43). Most app descriptions did not include information to substantiate stated effectiveness of the application (59%; n = 123) and had no mention of privacy or security (89%; n = 185). Due to uncertainty of the helpfulness of readily available mental health applications, clinicians working with mental health patients should inquire about and provide guidance on application use, and patients should have access to ways to assess the potential utility of these applications. Strategic policy and research developments are likely needed to equip patients with applications for mental health, which are patient centered and evidence based. PMID:27428034

Electrophysiological potentials reveal cortical mechanisms for mental imagery, mental simulation, and grounded (embodied cognition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haline E. Schendan

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Grounded cognition theory proposes that cognition, including meaning, is grounded in sensorimotor processing. The mechanism for grounding cognition is mental simulation, which is a type of mental imagery that re-enacts modal processing. To reveal top-down, cortical mechanisms for mental simulation of shape, event-related potentials were recorded to face and object pictures preceded by mental imagery of a picture. Mental imagery of the identical face or object (congruous condition facilitated not only categorical perception (VPP/N170 but also later visual knowledge (N3[00] complex and linguistic knowledge (N400 for faces more than objects, and strategic semantic analysis (late positive complex between 200 and 700 ms. The later effects resembled semantic congruity effects with pictures. Mental imagery also facilitated category decisions, as a P3(00 peaked earlier for congruous than incongruous (other category pictures, resembling the case when identical pictures repeat immediately. Thus mental imagery mimics semantic congruity and immediate repetition priming processes with pictures. Perception control results showed the opposite for faces and were in the same direction for objects: Perceptual repetition adapts (and so impairs processing of perceived faces from categorical perception onwards, but primes processing of objects during categorical perception, visual knowledge processes, and strategic semantic analysis. For both imagery and perception, differences between faces and objects support domain-specificity and indicate that cognition is grounded in modal processing. Altogether, this direct neural evidence reveals that top-down processes of mental imagery sustain an imagistic representation that mimics perception well enough to prime subsequent perception and cognition. This also suggests that automatic mental simulation of the visual shape of faces and objects operates between 200 and 400 ms, and strategic mental simulation operates between

Policy for better mental health

OpenAIRE

Richard Layard

2014-01-01

Treating mental illness should be a top national priority, especially as proven psychological therapies effectively cost nothing. Richard Layard explains how CEP research has led to a new deal for mental health - but much remains to be done. Mental illness has much greater economic costs than physical illness - but evidence-based ways of treating mental health problems have no net cost to the Exchequer.

PERCEPCIÓN DEL MUNDO: MAPAS MENTALES Y PROBLEMAS SOCIOAMBIENTALES