Clash of Ignorance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahmoud Eid

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The clash of ignorance thesis presents a critique of the clash of civilizations theory. It challenges the assumptions that civilizations are monolithic entities that do not interact and that the Self and the Other are always opposed to each other. Despite some significantly different values and clashes between Western and Muslim civilizations, they overlap with each other in many ways and have historically demonstrated the capacity for fruitful engagement. The clash of ignorance thesis makes a significant contribution to the understanding of intercultural and international communication as well as to the study of inter-group relations in various other areas of scholarship. It does this by bringing forward for examination the key impediments to mutually beneficial interaction between groups. The thesis directly addresses the particular problem of ignorance that other epistemological approaches have not raised in a substantial manner. Whereas the critique of Orientalism deals with the hegemonic construction of knowledge, the clash of ignorance paradigm broadens the inquiry to include various actors whose respective distortions of knowledge symbiotically promote conflict with each other. It also augments the power-knowledge model to provide conceptual and analytical tools for understanding the exploitation of ignorance for the purposes of enhancing particular groups’ or individuals’ power. Whereas academics, policymakers, think tanks, and religious leaders have referred to the clash of ignorance concept, this essay contributes to its development as a theory that is able to provide a valid basis to explain the empirical evidence drawn from relevant cases.

Competitor Orientation: Effects of Objectives and Information on Managerial Decisions and Profitability

OpenAIRE

Armstrong, J. Scott; Collopy, Fred

1996-01-01

Managers are often advised, "beat your competitors," which sometimes contrasts with the advice, "do the best for your firm." This may lead managers to focus on comparative measures such as market share. Drawing on game theory, the authors hypothesize that managers are competitor-oriented under certain conditions, in particular, when they are provided with information about competitors' performance. Empirical studies lead to the additional hypothesis that a competitor orientation is detrimenta...

Strategic tradeoffs in competitor dynamics on adaptive networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Hébert-Dufresne, Laurent; Allard, Antoine; Noël, Pierre-André; Young, Jean-Gabriel; Libby, Eric

2017-08-08

Recent empirical work highlights the heterogeneity of social competitions such as political campaigns: proponents of some ideologies seek debate and conversation, others create echo chambers. While symmetric and static network structure is typically used as a substrate to study such competitor dynamics, network structure can instead be interpreted as a signature of the competitor strategies, yielding competition dynamics on adaptive networks. Here we demonstrate that tradeoffs between aggressiveness and defensiveness (i.e., targeting adversaries vs. targeting like-minded individuals) creates paradoxical behaviour such as non-transitive dynamics. And while there is an optimal strategy in a two competitor system, three competitor systems have no such solution; the introduction of extreme strategies can easily affect the outcome of a competition, even if the extreme strategies have no chance of winning. Not only are these results reminiscent of classic paradoxical results from evolutionary game theory, but the structure of social networks created by our model can be mapped to particular forms of payoff matrices. Consequently, social structure can act as a measurable metric for social games which in turn allows us to provide a game theoretical perspective on online political debates.

Ignore and Conquer.

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Conroy, Mary

1989-01-01

Discusses how teachers can deal with student misbehavior by ignoring negative behavior that is motivated by a desire for attention. Practical techniques are described for pinpointing attention seekers, enlisting classmates to deal with misbehaving students, ignoring misbehavior, and distinguishing behavior that responds to this technique from…

Probabilistic Reverse dOsimetry Estimating Exposure Distribution (PROcEED)

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PROcEED is a web-based application used to conduct probabilistic reverse dosimetry calculations.The tool is used for estimating a distribution of exposure concentrations likely to have produced biomarker concentrations measured in a population.

Evaluation of pro-c global for identification of defects in protein c/s anticoagulant pathway

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanif, T.B.; Anwar, J.; Idrees, M.

2011-01-01

Background: Detection of protein C and S deficiency forms a major investigation in the laboratory evaluation of thrombophilia screening. It has key role in the diagnosis of protein C and S deficiency. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of ProC Global as a screening test for identifying the defects of protein C and S anticoagulant pathways. Methods: Two Hundred patients with venous thromboembolism were studied at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from October 2004 to March 2006. ProC Global test (Dade Behring Diagnostics) was performed and was followed up by protein C and S assays. ProC Global is an activated partial thromboplastin time based assay in which Protac (snake venom from Aghistroden contortrix) is used for activation of the endogenous protein C of the plasma sample. The protein C activation time in the presence of the activator was set in relation to a parallel determination of PCAT/O with addition of a buffer instead of activator reagent. The ratio PCAT: PCAT/O was transformed in normalized ratio by relating them to a calibrator. Control plasma for normal range and ProC control plasma for pathological range (Dade Behring Diagnostics) were assayed in each run for quality control. Results: A total of 200 patients, 132 (66%) males and 68 (34%) females with age ranging from 1 to 68 years were studied. ProC Global was positive in 29/200 (14.5%) patients. ProC Global was found to be 86% sensitive, 94% specific and its overall efficiency turned out to be 94%. Conclusion: Pro-C Global can be used effectively as a screening test to detect abnormalities in protein C and S anticoagulant pathways. (author)

Self-reported injury history in Native American professional rodeo competitors.

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Crichlow, Renée; Williamson, Steve; Geurin, Mike; Heggem, Heather

2006-07-01

Evaluation of rodeo injury and the use of protective equipment. Cross-sectional survey. Indian National Finals Rodeo 2004 in San Jacinto, CA. One hundred sixty-nine native American, professional rodeo competitors. On-site survey completed before competition. A total of 180 native American competitors received the survey. Respondents reported the event of participation, prior injury histories (including number, type and disability), use of protective equipment, and access to health care. Main outcomes were determined before survey distribution and included self-reported injury rate, time away from rodeo secondary to injury, and protective equipment usage during competition. Total 94% response rate. There was a range of injury history-from 100% of bull riders to only 24% of tie-down ropers-reporting a history of injuries. Forty percent of competitors reported using protective equipment; of these, 32% reported wearing vests. Twenty-six percent of the competitors had a history of injury that prevented them from working an average of 3.2 months. As hypothesized, a greater injury rate resulted from rough stock events; older competitors are more likely to have had work time loss from injury; and vests are the most frequently used protective equipment in rodeo.

Competitor timing information affects nest site selection in a migratory bird

OpenAIRE

Samplonius, Jelmer Menno

2016-01-01

INTRODUCTION The costs of competition should lead to competitor avoidance. However, science has shown that animals may prefer settling near competitors to benefit from information about habitat quality. High quality habitat may translate to higher densities and reproductive success, but also to earlier reproductive timing. The former two have been studied as social cues, but competitor phenology has not. Climate change advances phenologies across trophic levels, so it is key to understand how...

Online Sources for Competitor Information.

Science.gov (United States)

Weiss, Arthur

Competitor information gathering is a key aspect of business planning. Information can be collected from either published or unpublished sources. Unpublished information will often be verified based on material from published sources. Published information is more likely to be factual and includes financial, stockmarket, press, market and…

Ignorability for categorical data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jaeger, Manfred

2005-01-01

We study the problem of ignorability in likelihood-based inference from incomplete categorical data. Two versions of the coarsened at random assumption (car) are distinguished, their compatibility with the parameter distinctness assumption is investigated and several conditions for ignorability...

Competitor's marketing : How banks acquire and react to knowledge about their competitor's marketing.

OpenAIRE

Puelma, Rodrigo; Persson, Annika

2008-01-01

Abstract   Introduction The way banks compete has changed dramatically during recent years, mostly because of international trends such as advances in information technology, globalisation and deregulations. This has made competition harsher meaning that survival and success requires knowledge about the competitors and understanding about the way they act and react. Within marketing there is a need to identify suitable strategies to acquire knowledge about competitor’s marketing and methods t...

Competitor timing information affects nest site selection in a migratory bird

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Samplonius, Jelmer Menno

2016-01-01

INTRODUCTION The costs of competition should lead to competitor avoidance. However, science has shown that animals may prefer settling near competitors to benefit from information about habitat quality. High quality habitat may translate to higher densities and reproductive success, but also to

The internal competitor: Buyer motives and external supplier marketing strategies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mols, Niels Peter; Sloth, Jacob Lerche; Thrane, Claus

Abstract Purpose of the paper and literature addressed: The purpose of this paper is to identify buyer motives for supporting internal competitors and to suggest relevant marketing strategy elements for external suppliers confronting these internal competitors. Research method: With basis...... in a literature review we identify different buyer motives for choosing to combine external suppliers with internal production, i.e., an internal competitor. For each buyer motive, possible marketing strategies are identified and briefly discussed. Research findings: The paper describes different buyer motives...... relevant buyer motives, the existence of different buyer motives suggests that these buyers should be targeted with different marketing strategies. For each buyer motive, possible marketing strategies are suggested and briefly discussed. Thus, for each buyer motive it is briefly discussed (1) how...

Using SAS PROC MCMC for Item Response Theory Models

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Ames, Allison J.; Samonte, Kelli

2015-01-01

Interest in using Bayesian methods for estimating item response theory models has grown at a remarkable rate in recent years. This attentiveness to Bayesian estimation has also inspired a growth in available software such as WinBUGS, R packages, BMIRT, MPLUS, and SAS PROC MCMC. This article intends to provide an accessible overview of Bayesian…

Bankruptcy effect on business competitors. : Empirical study of US companies

OpenAIRE

Nassimbwa, Justine; Tian, Yuchi

2013-01-01

Bankruptcy is a negative event that not only affects the company in question but all stakeholders of society. Our research will focus on one stakeholder group, business competitors. How are competitors affected by bankruptcy announcements? Past research has tried to answer this question in different ways. Some compared two industries with different characteristics while others worked with multiple industries. Past researchers suggested and tested three independent variables that they thought ...

pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves.

Science.gov (United States)

Robin, Xavier; Turck, Natacha; Hainard, Alexandre; Tiberti, Natalia; Lisacek, Frédérique; Sanchez, Jean-Charles; Müller, Markus

2011-03-17

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are useful tools to evaluate classifiers in biomedical and bioinformatics applications. However, conclusions are often reached through inconsistent use or insufficient statistical analysis. To support researchers in their ROC curves analysis we developed pROC, a package for R and S+ that contains a set of tools displaying, analyzing, smoothing and comparing ROC curves in a user-friendly, object-oriented and flexible interface. With data previously imported into the R or S+ environment, the pROC package builds ROC curves and includes functions for computing confidence intervals, statistical tests for comparing total or partial area under the curve or the operating points of different classifiers, and methods for smoothing ROC curves. Intermediary and final results are visualised in user-friendly interfaces. A case study based on published clinical and biomarker data shows how to perform a typical ROC analysis with pROC. pROC is a package for R and S+ specifically dedicated to ROC analysis. It proposes multiple statistical tests to compare ROC curves, and in particular partial areas under the curve, allowing proper ROC interpretation. pROC is available in two versions: in the R programming language or with a graphical user interface in the S+ statistical software. It is accessible at http://expasy.org/tools/pROC/ under the GNU General Public License. It is also distributed through the CRAN and CSAN public repositories, facilitating its installation.

Do competitors modulate rare plant response to precipitation change?

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Levine, J.M.; Kathryn, Mceachern A.; Cowan, C.

2010-01-01

Ecologists increasingly suspect that climate change will directly impact species physiology, demography, and phenology, but also indirectly affect these measures via changes to the surrounding community. Unfortunately, few studies examine both the direct and indirect pathways of impact. Doing so is important because altered competitive pressures can reduce or magnify the direct responses of a focal species to climate change. Here, we examine the effects of changing rainfall on three rare annual plant species in the presence and absence of competition on the California Channel Islands. We used rain-out shelters and hand watering to exclude and augment early, late, and season-long rainfall, spanning the wide range of precipitation change forecast for the region. In the absence of competition, droughts reduced the population growth rates of two of three focal annuals, while increased rainfall was only sometimes beneficial, As compared to the focal species, the dominant competitors were more sensitive to the precipitation treatments, benefiting from increased season-long precipitation and harmed by droughts. Importantly, the response of two of three competitors to the precipitation treatments tended to be positively correlated with those of the focal annuals. Although this leads to the expectation that increased competition will counter the direct benefits of favorable conditions, such indirect effects of precipitation change proved weak to nonexistent in our experiment. Competitors had little influence on the precipitation response of two focal species, due to their low sensitivity to competition and highly variable precipitation responses. Competition did affect how our third focal species responded to precipitation change, but this effect only approached significance, and whether it truly resulted from competitor response to precipitation change was unclear. Our work suggests that even when competitors respond to climate change, these responses may have little

The logic of strategic ignorance.

Science.gov (United States)

McGoey, Linsey

2012-09-01

Ignorance and knowledge are often thought of as opposite phenomena. Knowledge is seen as a source of power, and ignorance as a barrier to consolidating authority in political and corporate arenas. This article disputes this, exploring the ways that ignorance serves as a productive asset, helping individuals and institutions to command resources, deny liability in the aftermath of crises, and to assert expertise in the face of unpredictable outcomes. Through a focus on the Food and Drug Administration's licensing of Ketek, an antibiotic drug manufactured by Sanofi-Aventis and linked to liver failure, I suggest that in drug regulation, different actors, from physicians to regulators to manufacturers, often battle over who can attest to the least knowledge of the efficacy and safety of different drugs - a finding that raises new insights about the value of ignorance as an organizational resource. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2012.

Measuring the purpose of firms' customer and competitor-oriented activities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Hans Eibe

Traditional empirical market orientation research predominantly focuses on the presence of firms' market-oriented activities. This paper empirically explores a novel structure of four multi-indicator measures assessing the purpose of firms' customer and competitor-oriented activities. The operati......Traditional empirical market orientation research predominantly focuses on the presence of firms' market-oriented activities. This paper empirically explores a novel structure of four multi-indicator measures assessing the purpose of firms' customer and competitor-oriented activities...

From dissecting ignorance to solving algebraic problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayyub, Bilal M.

2004-01-01

Engineers and scientists are increasingly required to design, test, and validate new complex systems in simulation environments and/or with limited experimental results due to international and/or budgetary restrictions. Dealing with complex systems requires assessing knowledge and information by critically evaluating them in terms relevance, completeness, non-distortion, coherence, and other key measures. Using the concepts and definitions from evolutionary knowledge and epistemology, ignorance is examined and classified in the paper. Two ignorance states for a knowledge agent are identified: (1) non-reflective (or blind) state, i.e. the person does not know of self-ignorance, a case of ignorance of ignorance; and (2) reflective state, i.e. the person knows and recognizes self-ignorance. Ignorance can be viewed to have a hierarchal classification based on its sources and nature as provided in the paper. The paper also explores limits on knowledge construction, closed and open world assumptions, and fundamentals of evidential reasoning using belief revision and diagnostics within the framework of ignorance analysis for knowledge construction. The paper also examines an algebraic problem set as identified by Sandia National Laboratories to be a basic building block for uncertainty propagation in computational mechanics. Solution algorithms are provided for the problem set for various assumptions about the state of knowledge about its parameters

From dissecting ignorance to solving algebraic problems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayyub, Bilal M

2004-09-01

Engineers and scientists are increasingly required to design, test, and validate new complex systems in simulation environments and/or with limited experimental results due to international and/or budgetary restrictions. Dealing with complex systems requires assessing knowledge and information by critically evaluating them in terms relevance, completeness, non-distortion, coherence, and other key measures. Using the concepts and definitions from evolutionary knowledge and epistemology, ignorance is examined and classified in the paper. Two ignorance states for a knowledge agent are identified: (1) non-reflective (or blind) state, i.e. the person does not know of self-ignorance, a case of ignorance of ignorance; and (2) reflective state, i.e. the person knows and recognizes self-ignorance. Ignorance can be viewed to have a hierarchal classification based on its sources and nature as provided in the paper. The paper also explores limits on knowledge construction, closed and open world assumptions, and fundamentals of evidential reasoning using belief revision and diagnostics within the framework of ignorance analysis for knowledge construction. The paper also examines an algebraic problem set as identified by Sandia National Laboratories to be a basic building block for uncertainty propagation in computational mechanics. Solution algorithms are provided for the problem set for various assumptions about the state of knowledge about its parameters.

Is Ignorance of Climate Change Culpable?

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Robichaud, Philip

2017-10-01

Sometimes ignorance is an excuse. If an agent did not know and could not have known that her action would realize some bad outcome, then it is plausible to maintain that she is not to blame for realizing that outcome, even when the act that leads to this outcome is wrong. This general thought can be brought to bear in the context of climate change insofar as we think (a) that the actions of individual agents play some role in realizing climate harms and (b) that these actions are apt targets for being considered right or wrong. Are agents who are ignorant about climate change and the way their actions contribute to it excused because of their ignorance, or is their ignorance culpable? In this paper I examine these questions from the perspective of recent developments in the theories of responsibility for ignorant action and characterize their verdicts. After developing some objections to existing attempts to explore these questions, I characterize two influential theories of moral responsibility and discuss their implications for three different types of ignorance about climate change. I conclude with some recommendations for how we should react to the face of the theories' conflicting verdicts. The answer to the question posed in the title, then, is: "Well, it's complicated."

Ignorance, information and autonomy

OpenAIRE

Harris, J.; Keywood, K.

2001-01-01

People have a powerful interest in genetic privacy and its associated claim to ignorance, and some equally powerful desires to be shielded from disturbing information are often voiced. We argue, however, that there is no such thing as a right to remain in ignorance, where a right is understood as an entitlement that trumps competing claims. This does not of course mean that information must always be forced upon unwilling recipients, only that there is no prima facie entitlement to be protect...

The Power of Ignorance | Code | Philosophical Papers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Taking my point of entry from George Eliot's reference to 'the power of Ignorance', I analyse some manifestations of that power as she portrays it in the life of a young woman of affluence, in her novel Daniel Deronda. Comparing and contrasting this kind of ignorance with James Mill's avowed ignorance of local tradition and ...

Competitor localization and innovation activity of peripheral industrial systems in Poland

OpenAIRE

Arkadiusz Swiadek

2013-01-01

Spatial proximity to competitors is an important factor in the acceleration of technological change in industrial systems in most developed countries, but is it also in Poland? The main objective of the study was to identify and evaluation the impact of distance from the nearest competitor on the innovative activity of selected peripheral regional industrial systems in Poland. Surveys conducted in the years 2007-11, including a group of 1 860 industrial companies in the five diverse and locat...

On the Rationality of Pluralistic Ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerring, Jens Christian Krarup; Hansen, Jens Ulrik; Pedersen, Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding

2014-01-01

Pluralistic ignorance is a socio-psychological phenomenon that involves a systematic discrepancy between people’s private beliefs and public behavior in cer- tain social contexts. Recently, pluralistic ignorance has gained increased attention in formal and social epistemology. But to get clear...

Ignorance, information and autonomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, J; Keywood, K

2001-09-01

People have a powerful interest in genetic privacy and its associated claim to ignorance, and some equally powerful desires to be shielded from disturbing information are often voiced. We argue, however, that there is no such thing as a right to remain in ignorance, where a fight is understood as an entitlement that trumps competing claims. This does not of course mean that information must always be forced upon unwilling recipients, only that there is no prima facie entitlement to be protected from true or honest information about oneself. Any claims to be shielded from information about the self must compete on equal terms with claims based in the rights and interests of others. In balancing the weight and importance of rival considerations about giving or withholding information, if rights claims have any place, rights are more likely to be defensible on the side of honest communication of information rather than in defence of ignorance. The right to free speech and the right to decline to accept responsibility to take decisions for others imposed by those others seem to us more plausible candidates for fully fledged rights in this field than any purported right to ignorance. Finally, and most importantly, if the right to autonomy is invoked, a proper understanding of the distinction between claims to liberty and claims to autonomy show that the principle of autonomy, as it is understood in contemporary social ethics and English law, supports the giving rather than the withholding of information in most circumstances.

Protecting Your Turf: First-mover Advantages as a Barrier to Competitor Innovation

OpenAIRE

Briggeman, Brian C.; Gunderson, Michael A.; Detre, Joshua D.

2006-01-01

Product innovation for a juice company and its associated first-mover advantages are analyzed. Stochastic simulation is used to model market size, price, competitive intensity, and the likelihood of competitor entry. Results of moving first allow the firm to capture market share, realize first-mover advantages in excess of $2 million, and deter competitor innovation. In addition, the proposed model is flexible enough to be applied in other industries.

Social cognitive correlates of young adult sport competitors' sunscreen use.

Science.gov (United States)

Berndt, Nadine C; O'Riordan, David L; Winkler, Elisabeth; McDermott, Liane; Spathonis, Kym; Owen, Neville

2011-02-01

Young adults participating in outdoor sports represent a high-risk group for excessive sun exposure. The purpose of this study was to identify modifiable social cognitive correlates of sunscreen use among young adult competitors. Participants aged 18 to 30 years who competed in soccer (n = 65), surf-lifesaving (n = 63), hockey (n = 61), and tennis (n = 48) completed a sun habits survey. Almost half (n = 113) of the participants used sunscreen inadequately and 30% (n = 70) reported not using sunscreen. In fully adjusted models, social cognitive attributes significantly (p competitors and as a result may be useful in informing behavior change interventions within the sporting context.

Learning to ignore: acquisition of sustained attentional suppression.

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, Matthew L; Ruppel, Justin; Pratt, Jay; De Rosa, Eve

2009-04-01

We examined whether the selection mechanisms committed to the suppression of ignored stimuli can be modified by experience to produce a sustained, rather than transient, change in behavior. Subjects repeatedly ignored the shape of stimuli, while attending to their color. On subsequent attention to shape, there was a robust and sustained decrement in performance that was selective to when shape was ignored across multiple-color-target contexts, relative to a single-color-target context. Thus, amount of time ignored was not sufficient to induce a sustained performance decrement. Moreover, in this group, individual differences in initial color target selection were associated with the subsequent performance decrement when attending to previously ignored stimuli. Accompanying this sustained decrement in performance was a transfer in the locus of suppression from an exemplar (e.g., a circle) to a feature (i.e., shape) level of representation. These data suggest that learning can influence attentional selection by sustained attentional suppression of ignored stimuli.

PRATICE CRAWL – MENTAL DISTABILITIES: ADULT CHOICE OF DRIVE TECHNOLOGY ADAPTED COMPETITORS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dominique Redon

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Of the two schools most stressed about the act of propelling the crawl, crawl in practice, which is the most efficient swimming, the two modes of propulsion favorites are "The outstretched arm" next to the called swimmer paddling and "The arm bent S-shaped" under the so-called swimmer impeller (N. Lanotte, S. Lem, 2012 The debate is not yet settled (Potdevin F; Pelayo P. 2006. Any swimmer has a strategy for managing its own resources considering the cost / benefit of each stroke technique report, with the aim of improving strength (Arellano, R. (1992, its movement and hence its performance (Joshua, 1992 in retarded placed in individual practice crawl competition, open to different technical conditions, what is the movement that is most often practiced, according to "the outstretched arm" or "folded S-shaped arm "under the swimmer? Methods: We record video (Pk Chollet - 2003, during two Regional championships in France adapted swim organized by the French Federation of Adapted Sport tests crawl in Division 1 Division 2 and Division 3 according to the latest regulations for implementation first time. We question the choice: "The outstretched arm" or "arm bent S-shaped" under the swimmer, by interviews (Y.Meynaud; Duclos D.1996 professional supervisors or volunteers before tests their competitors and we competitors are questioning after their trials. Results: It appears on the video that all competitors swim the "arms outstretched" The point of view of professional or volunteer supervisors: no of them are not asked for the choice of method of propulsion is best for their competitors as they say swimming techniques they teach in their club are the same as for all disabled or not competitors. The point of view of competitors: For competitors the method of propulsion "outstretched arm" seems to them the most effective. Method "arm S" Their demand coordination of movement more difficult to obtain in the context of mental disability

The virtues of ignorance.

Science.gov (United States)

Son, Lisa K; Kornell, Nate

2010-02-01

Although ignorance and uncertainty are usually unwelcome feelings, they have unintuitive advantages for both human and non-human animals, which we review here. We begin with the perils of too much information: expertise and knowledge can come with illusions (and delusions) of knowing. We then describe how withholding information can counteract these perils: providing people with less information enables them to judge more precisely what they know and do not know, which in turn enhances long-term memory. Data are presented from a new experiment that illustrates how knowing what we do not know can result in helpful choices and enhanced learning. We conclude by showing that ignorance can be a virtue, as long as it is recognized and rectified. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mesures de procédure spéciales et respect des droits de l'homme Rapport général

OpenAIRE

Vervaele, J.A.E.

2009-01-01

Le but du rapport général est de mener une analyse comparative des rapports nationaux en vue de présenter les processus de transformation des systèmes de justice pénale internes, en particulier du procès pénal, étant donné que des mesures procédurales spéciales sont introduites pour appréhender le terrorisme et la criminalité organisée, et de voir si cela a conduit les pays à se départir de leur propres règles fondamentales, procédures, principes et standards des droits de l’homme applicables...

Pro-C5, a marker of true type V collagen formation and fibrillation, correlates with portal hypertension in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Leeming, Diana J; Veidal, Sanne S; Karsdal, Morten A

2015-01-01

Pro-C5 reflects liver hemodynamics, liver function, disease stage and clinically significant portal hypertension (PH). A multimarker model in combination with clinical scores predicted HVPG and separated clinical relevant HVPG thresholds. Plasma Pro-C5 may be suitable for the noninvasive evaluation...

Photocaged Competitor Guests: A General Approach Toward Light-Activated Cargo Release From Cucurbiturils.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero, Miguel A; Basílio, Nuno; Moro, Artur J; Domingues, Mara; González-Delgado, José A; Arteaga, Jesús F; Pischel, Uwe

2017-09-21

A general approach toward the light-induced guest release from cucurbit[7]uril by means of a photoactivatable competitor was devised. An o-nitrobenzyl-caged competitor is photolyzed to generate a competitive guest that can displace cargo from the host macrocycle solely based on considerations of chemical equilibrium. With this method the release of terpene guests from inclusion complexes with cucurbit[7]uril was demonstrated. The binding of the herein investigated terpenes, all being lead fragrant components in essential oils, has been characterized for the first time. They feature binding constants of up to 10 8  L mol -1 and a high differential binding selectivity (spanning four orders of magnitude for the binding constants for the particular set of terpenes). By fine-tuning the photoactivatable competitor guest, selective and also sequential release of the terpenes was achieved. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Data processing and analysis with the autoPROC toolbox

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vonrhein, Clemens, E-mail: vonrhein@globalphasing.com; Flensburg, Claus; Keller, Peter; Sharff, Andrew; Smart, Oliver; Paciorek, Wlodek; Womack, Thomas; Bricogne, Gérard [Global Phasing Ltd, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX (United Kingdom)

2011-04-01

Typical topics and problems encountered during data processing of diffraction experiments are discussed and the tools provided in the autoPROC software are described. A typical diffraction experiment will generate many images and data sets from different crystals in a very short time. This creates a challenge for the high-throughput operation of modern synchrotron beamlines as well as for the subsequent data processing. Novice users in particular may feel overwhelmed by the tables, plots and numbers that the different data-processing programs and software packages present to them. Here, some of the more common problems that a user has to deal with when processing a set of images that will finally make up a processed data set are shown, concentrating on difficulties that may often show up during the first steps along the path of turning the experiment (i.e. data collection) into a model (i.e. interpreted electron density). Difficulties such as unexpected crystal forms, issues in crystal handling and suboptimal choices of data-collection strategies can often be dealt with, or at least diagnosed, by analysing specific data characteristics during processing. In the end, one wants to distinguish problems over which one has no immediate control once the experiment is finished from problems that can be remedied a posteriori. A new software package, autoPROC, is also presented that combines third-party processing programs with new tools and an automated workflow script that is intended to provide users with both guidance and insight into the offline processing of data affected by the difficulties mentioned above, with particular emphasis on the automated treatment of multi-sweep data sets collected on multi-axis goniostats.

Mesures de procédure spéciales et respect des droits de l'homme
Rapport général

OpenAIRE

John A.E. Vervaele

2009-01-01

Le but du rapport général est de mener une analyse comparative des rapports nationaux en vue de présenter les processus de transformation des systèmes de justice pénale internes, en particulier du procès pénal, étant donné que des mesures procédurales spéciales sont introduites pour appréhender le terrorisme et la criminalité organisée, et de voir si cela a conduit les pays à se départir de leur propres règles fondamentales, procédures, principes et standards des droits de l’homme applicables...

On strategic ignorance of environmental harm and social norms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thunström, Linda; van 't Veld, Klaas; Shogren, Jason

, and that they use ignorance as an excuse to engage in less pro-environmental behavior. It also predicts that the cost of ignorance increases if people can learn about the social norm from the information. We test the model predictions empirically with an experiment that involves an imaginary long- distance flight...... and an option to buy offsets for the flight’s carbon footprint. More than half (53 percent) of the subjects choose to ignore information on the carbon footprint alone before deciding their offset purchase, but ignorance significantly decreases (to 29 percent) when the information additionally reveals the social...

Allies and Competitors as Enscripted Audiences in Scientific Writing.

Science.gov (United States)

Perry, Susan

A set of much examined scientific papers which specifically portray a controversial topic and also manifest ally-peer and competitor-peer enscripted audiences are those written by James Watson and Francis Crick concerning their discovery of the structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA). The theoretical perspective of an ally-peer and…

DMPD: TLR ignores methylated RNA? [Dynamic Macrophage Pathway CSML Database

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 16111629 TLR ignores methylated RNA? Ishii KJ, Akira S. Immunity. 2005 Aug;23(2):11...1-3. (.png) (.svg) (.html) (.csml) Show TLR ignores methylated RNA? PubmedID 16111629 Title TLR ignores methylated

13 CFR 107.885 - Disposition of assets to Licensee's Associates or to competitors of Portfolio Concern.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Disposition of assets to Licensee's Associates or to competitors of Portfolio Concern. 107.885 Section 107.885 Business Credit and... to competitors of Portfolio Concern. Sale of assets to Associate. Except with SBA's prior written...

Knowledge, responsibility, decision making and ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Huniche, Lotte

2001-01-01

of and ignoring) seems to be commonly applicable to describing persons living at risk for Huntington´s Disease (HD). So what does everyday conduct of life look like from an "ignorance" perspective? And how can we discuss and argue about morality and ethics taking these seemingly diverse ways of living at risk...... into account? Posing this question, I hope to contribute to new reflections on possibilities and constraints in people´s lives with HD as well as in research and to open up new ways of discussing "right and wrong"....

Mesures de procédure spéciales et respect des droits de l'homme Rapport général

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vervaele, J.A.E.

2009-01-01

Le but du rapport général est de mener une analyse comparative des rapports nationaux en vue de présenter les processus de transformation des systèmes de justice pénale internes, en particulier du procès pénal, étant donné que des mesures procédurales spéciales sont introduites pour appréhender le

A Feedback Loop Model of Postmerger Performance: Customers and Competitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Bastien, David T.

1994-01-01

Offers a case study of a merger of two local theaters. Finds that organizational change causes customers to change vendors; the announcement of a merger fuels efforts by competitors to "steal" market share; and organizational change leads to more organizational change. (SR)

Gene expression of corals in response to macroalgal competitors.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tonya L Shearer

Full Text Available As corals decline and macroalgae proliferate on coral reefs, coral-macroalgal competition becomes more frequent and ecologically important. Whether corals are damaged by these interactions depends on susceptibility of the coral and traits of macroalgal competitors. Investigating changes in gene expression of corals and their intracellular symbiotic algae, Symbiodinium, in response to contact with different macroalgae provides insight into the biological processes and cellular pathways affected by competition with macroalgae. We evaluated the gene expression profiles of coral and Symbiodinium genes from two confamilial corals, Acropora millepora and Montipora digitata, after 6 h and 48 h of contact with four common macroalgae that differ in their allelopathic potency to corals. Contacts with macroalgae affected different biological pathways in the more susceptible (A. millepora versus the more resistant (M. digitata coral. Genes of coral hosts and of their associated Symbiodinium also responded in species-specific and time-specific ways to each macroalga. Changes in number and expression intensity of affected genes were greater after 6 h compared to 48 h of contact and were greater following contact with Chlorodesmis fastigiata and Amphiroa crassa than following contact with Galaxaura filamentosa or Turbinaria conoides. We documented a divergence in transcriptional responses between two confamilial corals and their associated Symbiodinium, as well as a diversity of dynamic responses within each coral species with respect to the species of macroalgal competitor and the duration of exposure to that competitor. These responses included early initiation of immune processes by Montipora, which is more resistant to damage after long-term macroalgal contact. Activation of the immune response by corals that better resist algal competition is consistent with the hypothesis that some macroalgal effects on corals may be mediated by microbial pathogens.

Novelties in Competition Regulation in Romania. Impact on Competitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cornelia LEFTER

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Upon the coming into force of the Law No. 149/2011, the recent changes in the Competition Law bring a significant decrease of the fines level, while encouraging competitors to support the maintenance of a healthy and transparent competition. However, some provisions require application guidelines, while others are tougher than the European law principles.

Plasma Pro-C3 (N-terminal type III collagen propeptide) predicts fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Mette J.; Veidal, Sanne S.; Karsdal, Morten A.

2015-01-01

-year. Patients were stratified according to Ishak stages 2-4. Internal cross-validation was performed by bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: Pro-C3 levels were significantly higher in CHC patients in Ishak stage 4 compared to stage 2 (P P ... (stage 4) from mild fibrosis (stage 2/3) (AUC = 0.72, P P = 0.007) levels was observed between the groups of -1, 0, +1 and +2 change in Ishak stage at 12 months. Pro-C3 was significantly increased in group +1 (P = 0.030) and +2 (P = 0...

The Neuromuscular Qualities of Higher- and Lower-Level Mixed-Martial-Arts Competitors.

Science.gov (United States)

James, Lachlan P; Beckman, Emma M; Kelly, Vincent G; Haff, G Gregory

2017-05-01

To determine whether the maximal strength, impulse, and power characteristics of competitive mixed-martial-arts (MMA) athletes differ according to competition level. Twenty-nine male semiprofessional and amateur MMA competitors were stratified into either higher-level (HL) or lower-level (LL) performers on the basis of competition grade and success. The 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) squat was used to assess lower-body dynamic strength, and a spectrum of impulse, power, force, and velocity variables were evaluated during an incremental-load jump squat. In addition, participants performed an isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and 1RM bench press to determine whole-body isometric force and upper-body dynamic strength capabilities, respectively. All force and power variables were expressed relative to body mass (BM). The HL competitors produced significantly superior values across a multitude of measures. These included 1RM squat strength (1.84 ± 0.23 vs 1.56 ± 0.24 kg BM; P = .003), in addition to performance in the incremental-load jump squat that revealed greater peak power (P = .005-.002), force (P = .002-.004), and velocity (P = .002-.03) at each load. Higher measures of impulse (P = .01-.04) were noted in a number of conditions. Average power (P = .002-.02) and velocity (P = .01-.04) at all loads in addition to a series of rate-dependent measures were also superior in the HL group (P = .005-.02). The HL competitors' 1RM bench-press values approached significantly greater levels (P = .056) than the LL group's, but IMTP performance did not differ between groups. Maximal lower-body neuromuscular capabilities are key attributes distinguishing HL from LL MMA competitors. This information can be used to inform evidenced-based training and performance-monitoring practices.

Effects of sexual reproduction of the inferior competitor Brachionus calyciflorus on its fitness against Brachionus angularis

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chen; Niu, Cuijuan

2015-03-01

Sexual reproduction adversely affects the population growth of cyclic parthenogenetic animals. The density-dependent sexual reproduction of a superior competitor could mediate the coexistence. However, the cost of sex may make the inferior competitor more vulnerable. To investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on the inferior competitor, we experimentally paired the competition of one Brachionus angularis clone against three Brachionus calyciflorus clones. One of the B. calyciflorus clones showed a low propensity for sexual reproduction, while the other two showed high propensities. The results show that all B. calyciflorus clones were excluded in the competition for resources at low food level. The increased food level promoted the competition persistence, but the clones did not show a clear pattern. Both the cumulative population density and resting egg production increased with the food level. The cumulative population density decreased with the mixis investment, while the resting egg production increased with the mixis investment. A trade-off between the population growth and sexual reproduction was observed in this research. The results indicate that although higher mixis investment resulted in a lower population density, it would not determinately accelerate the exclusion process of the inferior competitor. On the contrary, higher mixis investment promoted resting egg production before being excluded and thus promised a long-term benefit. In conclusion, our results suggest that mixis investment, to some extent, favored the excluded inferior competitor under fierce competition or some other adverse conditions.

Are invasive plants more competitive than native conspecifics? Patterns vary with competitors

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Yulong; Feng, Yulong; Valiente-Banuet, Alfonso; Li, Yangping; Liao, Zhiyong; Zhang, Jiaolin; Chen, Yajun

2015-10-01

Invasive plants are sometimes considered to be more competitive than their native conspecifics, according to the prediction that the invader reallocates resources from defense to growth due to liberation of natural enemies [‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ (EICA) hypothesis]. However, the differences in competitive ability may depend on the identity of competitors. In order to test the effects of competitors, Ageratina adenophora plants from both native and invasive ranges competed directly, and competed with native residents from both invasive (China) and native (Mexico) ranges respectively. Invasive A. adenophora plants were more competitive than their conspecifics from native populations when competing with natives from China (interspecific competition), but not when competing with natives from Mexico. Invasive A. adenophora plants also showed higher competitive ability when grown in high-density monoculture communities of plants from the same population (intrapopulation competition). In contrast, invasive A. adenophora plants showed lower competitive ability when competing with plants from native populations (intraspecific competition). Our results indicated that in the invasive range A. adenophora has evolved to effectively cope with co-occurring natives and high density environments, contributing to invasion success. Here, we showed the significant effects of competitors, which should be considered carefully when testing the EICA hypothesis.

Procédés de production d'aliments non conventionnels pour porcs à ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juil. 2013 ... CFA, va créer un manque à gagner de 12 à 13 millions de F CFA sur ... mise au point de tels procédés permettrait de créer de la valeur ajoutée ..... Comparaison participatoire de trois méthodes .... chevaux, poissons. Ouvrage ...

Influence of spatial competitor on the growth and regeneration of the marine sponge Cinachyrella cf. cavernosa (Porifera, demospongiae)

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Singh, A.; Thakur, N.L.

of the competitor species, Z. sansibaricus. The protein synthesis ability (RNA to DNA ratio), which is an index for physiological activity was adversely affected by sponge size and competitor abundance. Results suggest that in a space-limited region, the presence...

On strategic ignorance of environmental harm and social norms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thunström, Linda; van’t Veld, Klaas; Shogren, Jason. F.

2014-01-01

decreases (to 29 percent) when the information additionally reveals the share of air travelers who buy carbon offsets. We find evidence that some people use ignorance as an excuse to reduce pro-environmental behavior—ignorance significantly decreases the probability of buying carbon offsets.......Are people strategically ignorant of the negative externalities their activities cause the environment? Herein we examine if people avoid costless information on those externalities and use ignorance as an excuse to reduce pro-environmental behavior. We develop a theoretical framework in which...... people feel internal pressure (“guilt”) from causing harm to the environment (e.g., emitting carbon dioxide) as well as external pressure to conform to the social norm for pro-environmental behavior (e.g., offsetting carbon emissions). Our model predicts that people may benefit from avoiding information...

The Influence of Market Context on Business Strategy, Competitor Imitation and Operational Effectiveness

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madalina Balau

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The importance of strategic positioning, along with operational effectiveness, has long been presented as key for the success of the company. There are few studies that highlighted the way in which the market context affects these efforts of the company. The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of the market context on competitor imitation and its further implications on strategy. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and major concepts were drawn from works of M. Porter, while the influence of market context was found in research papers. Putting together these different perspectives on the company and the strategic choices it must make, the results of our analysis suggest that choosing a differentiation strategy and not imitating the reference competitors is a daring initiative, that involves the risk of standing out from the crowd. The implication of this finding is that imitation of the competitor is an easier solution for the company and it has an important attraction, due to the short term influence on increasing sales, while deterring innovation. The value of this paper consists in exploring the contextual influence of well-established concepts for company’s management.

Assess your competitor collaboration to advance sustainability : an assessment tool

NARCIS (Netherlands)

DiVito, Lori; Garima, Sharma

2016-01-01

If your company is currently collaborating with competitors in order to advance sustainability, this tool will help you think about how to take that collaboration to the next level and achieve better results. If you’re still at the planning stages, this tool can help you reflect on where you would

Using the key success factor concept in competitor intelligence and benchmarking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bisp, Søren; Sørensen, Elin; Grunert, Klaus G.

1997-01-01

A key success factor is regarded as a skill or a resource that a business can invest in, which explains a major part of the observable differences in perceived value of the offer and/or relative costs of bringing that offer to the marketplace. Key success factors are potentially useful in structu......A key success factor is regarded as a skill or a resource that a business can invest in, which explains a major part of the observable differences in perceived value of the offer and/or relative costs of bringing that offer to the marketplace. Key success factors are potentially useful...... in structuring the generation of market intelligence in competitor analysis and benchmarking. To this end, a method was developed, based on a reverse laddering procedure, which elicits decision-makers' subjec causal maps. When aggregated, these maps can be used to derive competitor analysis systems. The paper...

Costs of coexistence along a gradient of competitor densities: an experiment with arvicoline rodents.

Science.gov (United States)

Eccard, Jana A; Ylönen, Hannu

2007-01-01

1. Costs of coexistence for species with indirect resource competition usually increase monotonically with competitor numbers. Very little is known though about the shape of the cost function for species with direct interference competition. 2. Here we report the results of an experiment with two vole species in artificial coexistence in large enclosures, where density of the dominant competitor species (Microtus agrestis) was manipulated. Experimental populations of the subordinate vole species (Clethrionomys glareolus) were composed of same aged individuals to study distribution of costs of coexistence with a dominant species within an age-cohort. 3. Survival and space use decreased gradually with increasing field vole numbers. Thus, responses to interference competition in our system appeared to be similar as expected from resource competition. The total number of breeders was stable. Reproductive characteristics such as the timing of breeding, and the litter size were not affected. In the single species enclosures a proportion of surviving individuals were not able to establish a breeding territory against stronger conspecifics. Under competition with heterospecifics such nonbreeders suffered high mortality, whereas the breeders survived. 4. Combined interference of dominant conspecifics and heterospecifics probably increased the frequency of aggressive interactions, social stress and mortality for the weaker individuals within a homogeneous age cohort of the subordinate competitor population. 5. Our results suggest, that in open systems where bank voles are outcompeted over the breeding season by faster reproducing field voles, animals able to establish a territory may be able to withstand competitor pressure, while nonbreeding bank vole individuals are forced to emigrate to suboptimal forest habitats.

Mesures de procédure spéciales et respect des droits de l'homme
Rapport général

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John A.E. Vervaele

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Le but du rapport général est de mener une analyse comparative des rapports nationaux en vue de présenter les processus de transformation des systèmes de justice pénale internes, en particulier du procès pénal, étant donné que des mesures procédurales spéciales sont introduites pour appréhender le terrorisme et la criminalité organisée, et de voir si cela a conduit les pays à se départir de leur propres règles fondamentales, procédures, principes et standards des droits de l’homme applicables. Partant de la prémisse qu’un système intégré de droit pénal a trois dimensions – la protection des individus (la dimension de bouclier, la mise à disposition d’instruments d’application de la loi (la dimension d’épée et les contrôles et équilibres c’est-à-dire la séparation des pouvoirs (la dimension constitutionnelle – le rapport fournit un aperçu d’ensemble des transformations corrélées, surtout dans la procédure d’enquête préliminaire, qui les ont affectées toutes les trois dans trois vagues de « guerre » (contre la drogue, le crime organisé et le terrorisme. Dans beaucoup de pays, les garanties procédurales et les principes qui protègent contre la violation du droit à un procès équitable sont considérés comme un fardeau du point de vue de l’efficacité de l’application de la loi à la criminalité grave. Ces réformes se sont traduites par une claire extension de l’état répressif et un estompement des distinctions classiques, et ne favorisent pas la primauté du droit. La focalisation sur la sécurité publique et les investigations contraignantes préventives sapent le système de justice pénale. Avec l’usage croissant du système de justice criminelle comme instrument de régulation du présent et/ou de l’avenir plutôt que de sanction d’un comportement passé, et un procès pénal dans lequel l’enquête préliminaire ne concerne pas la recherche de la v

China and Latin America: strategic partners or competitors?

OpenAIRE

Juan Manuel Gil Barragán; Andrés Aguilera Castillo

2017-01-01

This document has as main objective to discuss the dual role that China is playing in Latin America, on one hand, a strategic trade partner in Asia, source of foreign direct investment (FDI) and key ally in the international arena, on the other hand, China is a formidable competitor particularly in the manufacturing sector. To reach the main objective, we make a brief description of the international trade relation between China and Latin America for the last 15 years, also, a review of the i...

Ignorance-Based Instruction in Higher Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Stocking, S. Holly

1992-01-01

Describes how three groups of educators (in a medical school, a psychology department, and a journalism school) are helping instructors and students to recognize, manage, and use ignorance to promote learning. (SR)

Rating competitors before tournament starts: How it's affecting team progression in a soccer tournament

Science.gov (United States)

Yusof, Muhammad Mat; Sulaiman, Tajularipin; Khalid, Ruzelan; Hamid, Mohamad Shukri Abdul; Mansor, Rosnalini

2014-12-01

In professional sporting events, rating competitors before tournament start is a well-known approach to distinguish the favorite team and the weaker teams. Various methodologies are used to rate competitors. In this paper, we explore four ways to rate competitors; least squares rating, maximum likelihood strength ratio, standing points in large round robin simulation and previous league rank position. The tournament metric we used to evaluate different types of rating approach is tournament outcome characteristics measure. The tournament outcome characteristics measure is defined by the probability that a particular team in the top 100q pre-tournament rank percentile progress beyond round R, for all q and R. Based on simulation result, we found that different rating approach produces different effect to the team. Our simulation result shows that from eight teams participate in knockout standard seeding, Perak has highest probability to win for tournament that use the least squares rating approach, PKNS has highest probability to win using the maximum likelihood strength ratio and the large round robin simulation approach, while Perak has the highest probability to win a tournament using previous league season approach.

Parasites and competitors suppress bacterial pathogen synergistically due to evolutionary trade-offs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wang, Xiaofang; Wei, Zhong; Li, Mei; Wang, Xueqi; Shan, Anqi; Mei, Xinlan; Jousset, Alexandre; Shen, Qirong; Xu, Yangchun; Friman, Ville Petri

2017-01-01

Parasites and competitors are important for regulating pathogen densities and subsequent disease dynamics. It is, however, unclear to what extent this is driven by ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we used experimental evolution to study the eco-evolutionary feedbacks among Ralstonia

Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto granular activated carbon in the presence of competitor ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almohammadi, S.; Mirzaei, M.

2016-01-01

In this work, the removal of copper from an aqueous solution by granular activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of competitor ions was studied. A batch adsorption was carried out and different parameters such as p H, contact time, initial copper concentration and competitor ions concentration were changed to determine the optimum conditions for adsorption. The optimum p H required for maximum adsorption was found to be 4.5 for copper. Equilibrium was evaluated at 144 h at room temperature. The removal efficiency of Cu(II) was 71.12% at this time. The kinetics of copper adsorption on activated carbon followed the pseudo second-order model. The experimental equilibrium sorption data were tested using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) equations and the Langmuir model was found to be well fitted for copper adsorption onto GAC. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cu(II) was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm and found to be 7.03 mg/g. Subsequently, the removal of copper by granular activated carbon in the presence of Ag 1 + and Mn 2 + as competitor ions was investigated. The removal efficiency of Cu(II) ions without the presence of the competitor ions was 46% at 6 h, while the removal efficiency of Cu(II) ions in the presence of competitor ions, Ag 1 + and Mn 2 + , was 34.76% and 31.73%, respectevely.

Mid-adolescent neurocognitive development of ignoring and attending emotional stimuli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nora C. Vetter

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Appropriate reactions toward emotional stimuli depend on the distribution of prefrontal attentional resources. In mid-adolescence, prefrontal top-down control systems are less engaged, while subcortical bottom-up emotional systems are more engaged. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to follow the neural development of attentional distribution, i.e. attending versus ignoring emotional stimuli, in adolescence. 144 healthy adolescents were studied longitudinally at age 14 and 16 while performing a perceptual discrimination task. Participants viewed two pairs of stimuli – one emotional, one abstract – and reported on one pair whether the items were the same or different, while ignoring the other pair. Hence, two experimental conditions were created: “attending emotion/ignoring abstract” and “ignoring emotion/attending abstract”. Emotional valence varied between negative, positive, and neutral. Across conditions, reaction times and error rates decreased and activation in the anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus increased from age 14 to 16. In contrast, subcortical regions showed no developmental effect. Activation of the anterior insula increased across ages for attending positive and ignoring negative emotions. Results suggest an ongoing development of prefrontal top-down resources elicited by emotional attention from age 14 to 16 while activity of subcortical regions representing bottom-up processing remains stable.

Removal of copper (II from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto granular activated carbon in the presence of competitor ions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saeed Almohammadi

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In this work, the removal of copper from an aqueous solution by granular activated carbon (GAC in the presence of competitor ions was studied. A batch adsorption was carried out and different parameters such as pH, contact time, initial copper concentration and competitor ions concentration were changed to determine the optimum conditions for adsorption. The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 4.5 for copper. Equilibrium was evaluated at 144 h at room temperature. The removal efficiency of Cu(II was 71.12% at this time. The kinetics of copper adsorption on activated carbon followed the pseudo second-order model. The experimental equilibrium sorption data were tested using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R equations and the Langmuir model was found to be well fitted for copper adsorption onto GAC. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cu(II was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm and found to be 7.03 mg/g. Subsequently, the removal of copper by granular activated carbon in the presence of Ag1+ and Mn2+ as competitor ions was investigated. The removal efficiency of Cu(II ions without the presence of the competitor ions was 46% at 6 h, while the removal efficiency of Cu(II ions in the presence of competitor ions, Ag1+ and Mn2+ , was 34.76% and 31.73%, respectively.

Fault-ignorant quantum search

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vrana, Péter; Reeb, David; Reitzner, Daniel; Wolf, Michael M

2014-01-01

We investigate the problem of quantum searching on a noisy quantum computer. Taking a fault-ignorant approach, we analyze quantum algorithms that solve the task for various different noise strengths, which are possibly unknown beforehand. We prove lower bounds on the runtime of such algorithms and thereby find that the quadratic speedup is necessarily lost (in our noise models). However, for low but constant noise levels the algorithms we provide (based on Grover's algorithm) still outperform the best noiseless classical search algorithm. (paper)

Psychophysiological Tracking of a Female Physique Competitor through Competition Preparation.

Science.gov (United States)

Rohrig, Brandon J; Pettitt, Robert W; Pettitt, Cherie D; Kanzenbach, Todd L

2017-01-01

Natural physique competitions are based on subjective judgments of how a competitor appears on show day. Prior to competition, there is a prolonged dieting phase referred to as contest preparation. The primary goal is to reduce body fat levels while maintaining skeletal muscle mass. The study tracked the physiological and psychological changes for a 24 year old female preparing for a physique competition. The study was conducted to describe the physiological and psychological changes of a female physique competitor who engages in long-term contest preparation. Diet, body composition, blood work, energy expenditure, mood, and performance were evaluated through contest preparation. The participant lost 10.1kg throughout contest preparation in a strong weekly linear pattern (R 2 =0.97). Body fat was reduced from 30.45% to 15.85% while fat free mass was maintained. Mood for the participant remained stable until month five, when an observed variation occurred, with performance maintaining. Contest preparation was successful in reducing the body fat in the participant while having a minimum effect on both performance and fat free mass. For athletes looking to lose large amounts of body fat with minimal performance decrements a prolonged diet period with moderate exercise and food restriction can be an effective solution.

Repopulation dynamics of single haematopoietic stem cells in mouse transplantation experiments: Importance of stem cell composition in competitor cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Ema, Hideo; Uchinomiya, Kouki; Morita, Yohei; Suda, Toshio; Iwasa, Yoh

2016-04-07

The transplantation of blood tissues from bone marrow into a lethally irradiated animal is an experimental procedure that is used to study how the blood system is reconstituted by haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In a competitive repopulation experiment, a lethally irradiated mouse was transplanted with a single HSC as a test cell together with a number of bone marrow cells as competitor cells, and the fraction of the test cell progeny (percentage of chimerism) was traced over time. In this paper, we studied the stem cell kinetics in this experimental procedure. The balance between symmetric self-renewal and differentiation divisions in HSC determined the number of cells which HSC produce and the length of time for which HSC live after transplantation. The percentage of chimerism depended on the type of test cell (long-, intermediate-, or short-term HSC), as well as the type and number of HSC included in competitor cells. We next examined two alternative HSC differentiation models, one-step and multi-step differentiation models. Although these models differed in blood cell production, the percentage of chimerism appeared very similar. We also estimated the numbers of different types of HSC in competitor cells. Based on these results, we concluded that the experimental results inevitably include stochasticity with regard to the number and the type of HSC in competitor cells, and that, in order to detect different types of HSC, an appropriate number of competitor cells needs to be used in transplantation experiments. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The concept of ignorance in a risk assessment and risk management context

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aven, T.; Steen, R.

2010-01-01

There are many definitions of ignorance in the context of risk assessment and risk management. Most refer to situations in which there are lack of knowledge, poor basis for probability assignments and possible outcomes not (fully) known. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ignorance concept in this setting. Based on a set of risk and uncertainty features, we establish conceptual structures characterising the level of ignorance. These features include the definition of chances (relative frequency-interpreted probabilities) and the existence of scientific uncertainties. Based on these structures, we suggest a definition of ignorance linked to scientific uncertainties, i.e. the lack of understanding of how consequences of the activity are influenced by the underlying factors. In this way, ignorance can be viewed as a condition for applying the precautionary principle. The discussion is also linked to the use and boundaries of risk assessments in the case of large uncertainties, and the methods for classifying risk and uncertainty problems.

What Is Hospitality in the Academy? Epistemic Ignorance and the (Im)possible Gift

Science.gov (United States)

Kuokkanen, Rauna

2008-01-01

The academy is considered by many as the major Western institution of knowledge. This article, however, argues that the academy is characterized by prevalent "epistemic ignorance"--a concept informed by Spivak's discussion of "sanctioned ignorance." Epistemic ignorance refers to academic practices and discourses that enable the continued exclusion…

Experiences of Being Ignored by Peers during Late Adolescence: Linkages to Psychological Maladjustment

Science.gov (United States)

Bowker, Julie C.; Adams, Ryan E.; Fredstrom, Bridget K.; Gilman, Rich

2014-01-01

In this study on being ignored by peers, 934 twelfth-grade students reported on their experiences of being ignored, victimized, and socially withdrawn, and completed measures of friendship and psychological adjustment (depression, self-esteem, and global satisfaction). Peer nominations of being ignored, victimized, and accepted by peers were also…

Competitors' Cluster - A Phenomenon in the Field of Retail Locating

OpenAIRE

Wang, Libo (Michael); Zhu, Bo (Pritt)

2005-01-01

Cluster is a common phenomenon in developed countries. Horizontal clusters and vertical clusters are often seen in these countries. In the domestic retailing, a particular type of cluster—competitors’ cluster plays an important role in the past, nowadays and in the future. Though many researchers have investigated into clusters and talked a lot about the benefits firms could share by clustering together, few of them explained directly why the competitors of the same trade cluster together for...

Analyzing the positioning of political competitors on relevant policy conflict dimensions within the 2014 EU Europarliamentary elections

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Todor Arpad

2014-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper I analyze the positioning of Romanian political competitor for the European elections 2014 on most relevant dimensions of political conflict relevant to all European Union member countries. I analyze the political programs of the Romanian political parties realized within the euandi project. Even though not all dimensions are considered relevant in the context of political debate in Romania, the mapping provides a detailed picture of the current positioning of the main political competitors in the context of breaking USL and the creation of a new coalition government.

THE IMPACT OF SPATIAL PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS AND COMPETITORS ON INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN MEDIUM HIGH AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN POLAND

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piotr Dzikowski

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to determine the impact of spatial proximity to customers, suppliers and competitors on innovation activity in medium high and high technology manufacturing industries in Poland. It is assumed that innovation activity is facilitated by both local suppliers and customers whereas it is decreased by local competitors. The scope of the survey relates to innovation in medium high and high technology manufacturing industries in Poland. It concerns innovation at the firm level and takes into account the diffusion to the "new to the company." The study shows that both local and regional suppliers and customers decrease innovation activity whereas both national and foreign ones positively influence on it. For competitors the hypothesis proved to be right. Foreign suppliers, customers and competitors have the highest positive influence on innovation activity whereas local ones have the most negative impact.

DIMG92 : un simulateur de formation pour le procédé DIMERSOL Dimg92: a Training Simulator for the Dimersol Process

OpenAIRE

Nica A.; Capelle M.; Galtier F.

2006-01-01

DIMG92 est un simulateur de formation sur le procédé pétrochimique DIMERSOL (procédé IFP de dimérisation du propylène). En simulant le réacteur et ses équipements annexes, les opérateurs s'exercent à conduire l'unité et comprennent les effets des divers paramètres à prendre en compte. Le simulateur est composé de deux logiciels : - Un logiciel de modélisation, basé sur la représentation mathématique de connaissances physico-chimiques et physiques. Aucun empirisme n'est utilisé dans le modèle....

Mobile Apps: Improve Airports ́ Brand Image and Differentiate Among Competitors

OpenAIRE

Lázaro Florido-Benítez

2016-01-01

The image airports project via their applications (apps) affects -- directly or indirectly--passengers’ satisfaction. Today, airports are competing among each other to attract more airlines and passengers to improve commercial revenues. Airport apps (as mobile marketing tools) are offering a wide range of opportunities to both passengers and airports. Apps are the best solution if airports want to improve the passenger experience as well as differentiate themselves from their competitors. The...

Modelling non-ignorable missing data mechanisms with item response theory models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Holman, Rebecca; Glas, Cornelis A.W.

2005-01-01

A model-based procedure for assessing the extent to which missing data can be ignored and handling non-ignorable missing data is presented. The procedure is based on item response theory modelling. As an example, the approach is worked out in detail in conjunction with item response data modelled

Modelling non-ignorable missing-data mechanisms with item response theory models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Holman, Rebecca; Glas, Cees A. W.

2005-01-01

A model-based procedure for assessing the extent to which missing data can be ignored and handling non-ignorable missing data is presented. The procedure is based on item response theory modelling. As an example, the approach is worked out in detail in conjunction with item response data modelled

Regard d’ensemble sur la codification de la procédure civile

OpenAIRE

Carbonnier, Jean

2014-01-01

M. le Premier Président, merci. Merci M. le Procureur Général, c’est pour moi un très grand honneur. En m’appelant à cette place, vous saviez que la matière que j’avais longuement enseignée à l’université et qui inévitablement, en retour, m’avait imprégné et déformé, la sociologie juridique, me fixait d’emblée à une distance respectable et respectueuse de ce qui devait être le sujet de cette réunion de l’après-midi – savoir, dans une vue d’ensemble, la codification de la procédure civile – ; ...

Contrôle et éléments de maîtrise de la contamination par la levure brettanomyces au cours du procédé de vinification en rouge

OpenAIRE

Barbin, Pascal

2006-01-01

Les levures du genre Dekkera/Brettanomyces sont reconnues comme les agents de contamination des vins rouges responsables des défauts phénolés et animaux. Une procédure complète de dépistage et d'isolement a été développée en associant plusieurs critères discriminants. Elle a permis de confirmer la présence du contaminant tout au long du procédé, de la matière première (raisins sur pieds), au produit fini (vin en bouteilles). Des études de terrain, en amont du procédé de vinification ont mis e...

Competitor presence reduces internal attentional focus and improves 16.1km cycling time trial performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Emily L; Jones, Hollie S; Andy Sparks, S; Marchant, David C; Midgley, Adrian W; Mc Naughton, Lars R

2015-07-01

Whilst the presence of a competitor has been found to improve performance, the mechanisms influencing the change in selected work rates during direct competition have been suggested but not specifically assessed. The aim was to investigate the physiological and psychological influences of a visual avatar competitor during a 16.1-km cycling time trial performance, using trained, competitive cyclists. Randomised cross-over design. Fifteen male cyclists completed four 16.1km cycling time trials on a cycle ergometer, performing two with a visual display of themselves as a simulated avatar (FAM and SELF), one with no visual display (DO), and one with themselves and an opponent as simulated avatars (COMP). Participants were informed the competitive avatar was a similar ability cyclist but it was actually a representation of their fastest previous performance. Increased performance times were evident during COMP (27.8±2.0min) compared to SELF (28.7±1.9min) and DO (28.4±2.3min). Greater power output, speed and heart rate were apparent during COMP trial than SELF (pperformance. Competitive cyclists performed significantly faster during a 16.1-km competitive trial than when performing maximally, without a competitor. The improvement in performance was elicited due to a greater external distraction, deterring perceived exertion. Copyright © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Endurance capabilities of triathlon competitors with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Science.gov (United States)

Boehncke, S; Poettgen, K; Maser-Gluth, C; Reusch, J; Boehncke, W-H; Badenhoop, K

2009-04-01

Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) aims to prevent complications by strictly optimizing blood glucose levels. Although physical exercise is an important part of metabolic control, endurance sports are considered hazardous for patients with type 1 diabetes because of the extreme physiological stress they represent. To further elucidate the metabolic challenge this form of exercise presented we investigated the performance of triathlon competitors with type 1 diabetes. Ten patients (32-61 years) with type 1 diabetes (disease duration 2-35 years) were followed for three years, during which each year they participated in one triathlon long-distance competitions (2.4 miles swimming, 26.2 miles running and 112 miles cycling; Ironman Germany 2005-2007). Glucose, cortisol, aldosterone, renin, thyroid hormones, testosterone, growth hormone and catecholamines were measured in blood and saliva. Five non-diabetic competitors served as controls. The performance equalled those of age-matched healthy athletes. Several participants experienced hyperglycemia early in the bike leg, whereas all of them developed low blood glucose levels during the marathon leg. Basal insulin supply was reduced up to 50 % on race day. Hormone levels in athletes with type 1 DM and healthy controls were similar. Patients with type 1 DM can successfully sustain extreme endurance challenges. Physiological alterations of the metabolic state complicated by type 1 DM can readily be compensated by adapting intensified insulin therapy and nutritional modifications. Thus 1 DM should not be regarded a contraindication to participating in high endurance sports.

Should general psychiatry ignore somatization and hypochondriasis?

Science.gov (United States)

Creed, Francis

2006-10-01

This paper examines the tendency for general psychiatry to ignore somatization and hypochondriasis. These disorders are rarely included in national surveys of mental health and are not usually regarded as a concern of general psychiatrists; yet primary care doctors and other physicians often feel let down by psychiatry's failure to offer help in this area of medical practice. Many psychiatrists are unaware of the suffering, impaired function and high costs that can result from these disorders, because these occur mainly within primary care and secondary medical services. Difficulties in diagnosis and a tendency to regard them as purely secondary phenomena of depression, anxiety and related disorders mean that general psychiatry may continue to ignore somatization and hypochondriasis. If general psychiatry embraced these disorders more fully, however, it might lead to better prevention and treatment of depression as well as helping to prevent the severe disability that may arise in association with these disorders.

Colleagues and Competitors: How Internal Social Comparisons Shape Organizational Search and Adaptation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baumann, Oliver; Eggers, JP; Stieglitz, Nils

2018-01-01

Intra-organizational comparisons—managers and units benchmarking their performance against each other—can turn colleagues into competitors. To better understand when organizations should allow or even encourage internal social comparisons, we study their implications for organizational adaptation....... We highlight empirical implications and discuss theoretical links to work on intra-organizational competition, social comparisons and aspiration-driven search, diversification and performance, and the adaptation of multi-business firms....

Procédé et dispositif de lombrifiltration pour l'assainissement des eaux usées

OpenAIRE

DUCLOS, Lucie; FILLIT, Fabien; SOTO, Patricio; BRUNEAU, Denis

2013-01-01

L'objet de l'invention est un dispositif de lombrifiltration pour l'assainissement des eaux usées, dans une habitation individuelle comprenant un lombrifiltre (18) ainsi que des moyens (16) de prétraitement par réduction des dimensions des particules solides des effluents eaux usées, des moyens (20) de post-traitement et une sortie (22) des eaux claires. L'invention couvre également le procédé associé.

Equipping Canadian Workers: Business Investment Loses a Step against Competitors Abroad

OpenAIRE

Benjaming Dachis; William B.P. Robson

2013-01-01

After several years of relatively robust performance, Canada is lagging its peers in business investment growth, according to a new report by the C.D. Howe institute. In “Equipping Canadian Workers: Business Investment Loses a Step against Competitors Abroad,” authors Benjamin Dachis and William B.P. Robson find 2013 growth in new private-sector plant and equipment spending per worker in Canada seems likely to lag investment abroad, with strength in the more natural-resource-oriented province...

Sun exposure and sun protection behaviours among young adult sport competitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Lawler, Sheleigh; Spathonis, Kym; Eakin, Elizabeth; Gallois, Cindy; Leslie, Eva; Owen, Neville

2007-06-01

To explore the relationship between sun protection and physical activity in young adults (18-30 years) involved in four organised sports. Participants (n=237) in field hockey, soccer, tennis and surf sports completed a self-administered survey on demographic and sun-protective behaviours while playing sport. Differences in sun-protective behaviour were explored by sport and by gender. Sunburn during the previous sporting season was high (69%). There were differences between sports for sunburn, sunscreen use and reapplication of sunscreen. Lifesaving had the highest rates compared with the other three sports. Hats and sunglasses worn by participants varied significantly by sports. A greater proportion of soccer and hockey players indicated they were not allowed to wear a hat or sunglasses during competition. For all sports, competition was played mainly in the open with no shade provision for competitors while they were playing. There were some gender differences within each of the sports. Female soccer and tennis players were more likely to wear sunscreen compared with males. Female hockey players were more likely to wear a hat compared with males. Our findings highlight that there is still room for improvement in sun-protective behaviours among young adult sport competitors. There is a need for a systematic approach to sun protection in the sporting environments of young adults. Health promotion efforts to increase physical activity need to be paired with sun protection messages.

Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors in the wine-making branch

OpenAIRE

Radka Šperková; Helena Hejmalová

2012-01-01

The analysis of the rivalry among existing competitors in the wine-making branch is the aim of this paper. On the whole, the rivalry among existing companies in the wine-making branch may be described as intensive. When evaluating the level of intensity of rivalry among existing businesses in the branch, it is necessary to take into consideration their size and market share. Among first ten most significant companies on the market (84% market share) there is intensive competing. Individual co...

The competitor-introduced Ggamma recruitment system, a new approach for screening affinity-enhanced proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Fukuda, Nobuo; Ishii, Jun; Tanaka, Tsutomu; Kondo, Akihiko

2010-04-01

We have developed a new approach based on the Ggamma recruitment system to screen affinity-enhanced proteins by expressing a binding competitor. The previously established Ggamma recruitment system is a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system that utilizes G-protein signaling, and is based on the fact that membrane localization of the G-protein gamma subunit (Ggamma) is essential for signal transduction in yeast. In the original Y2H system, an engineered Ggamma that lacks membrane localization upon deletion of the lipid modification site (Ggamma(cyto)) is produced, and a candidate protein with an artificial lipidation site and its counterpart fused with Ggamma(cyto) are expressed. As protein-protein interactions bring Ggamma(cyto) towards the plasma membrane, G-protein signaling can be activated, and the interaction is detected by various cellular responses as the readout. In the current study, we expressed a third cytosolic protein that competes with the candidate protein to specifically isolate affinity-enhanced mutants from a mutation library of the candidate protein. Enhancing the affinity of the protein candidate guides the counterpart-Ggamma(cyto) fusion protein towards the plasma membrane and activates signaling. Using mutants of the Z domain derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A as candidate proteins or competitors, and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the counterpart, we demonstrate that affinity-enhanced proteins can be effectively screened from a library containing a 10 000-fold excess of non-enhanced proteins. This new approach, called the competitor-introduced Ggamma recruitment system, will be useful for efficient discovery of rare valuable candidates hidden among excess ordinary ones.

Diagnòstics d'infermeria vinculats al procés migratori: visió dels inmigrants

OpenAIRE

Rifà i Ros, Maria Rosa

2012-01-01

L’objectiu general d’aquesta investigació pretén identificar els diagnòstics d’infermeria NANDA predominants en la població immigrant, vinculats al procés migratori i està emmarcada en el Model de Competència Cultural de Purnell i en el model Outcome Present State Test (OPT) de raonament clínic de Pesut i Herman. Tenint en compte els objectius d’aquesta recerca, aquesta s’aborda des del paradigma qualitatiu i seguint les propostes de la investigació fenomenològica que busca descobrir els s...

Inattentional blindness for ignored words: comparison of explicit and implicit memory tasks.

Science.gov (United States)

Butler, Beverly C; Klein, Raymond

2009-09-01

Inattentional blindness is described as the failure to perceive a supra-threshold stimulus when attention is directed away from that stimulus. Based on performance on an explicit recognition memory test and concurrent functional imaging data Rees, Russell, Frith, and Driver [Rees, G., Russell, C., Frith, C. D., & Driver, J. (1999). Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words. Science, 286, 2504-2507] reported inattentional blindness for word stimuli that were fixated but ignored. The present study examined both explicit and implicit memory for fixated but ignored words using a selective-attention task in which overlapping picture/word stimuli were presented at fixation. No explicit awareness of the unattended words was apparent on a recognition memory test. Analysis of an implicit memory task, however, indicated that unattended words were perceived at a perceptual level. Thus, the selective-attention task did not result in perfect filtering as suggested by Rees et al. While there was no evidence of conscious perception, subjects were not blind to the implicit perceptual properties of fixated but ignored words.

Technical-tactical differences among university level taekwondo competitors by gender and weight division

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Menescardi

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical-tactical behavior of the competitors competing in the 2011 University Taekwondo Championship of Spain.Method: The sample consisted of 30 men and 31 women participating in 45 championship finals and semifinals combats. The variables analyzed were: the score, total number of actions, the type of tactical action, the height, the type of technic and kicking leg.Results/Conclusions: The Mann Whitney U test showed significant differences between men and women in total actions, circular techniques and warnings. The results also showed significant gender differences in circular actions in the flyweight and heavyweight categories, in the linear actions in bantamweight and total score in the lightweight category. Significant differences in total actions, attacking actions, actions to the trunk, performed techniques with right leg and circular techniques were also found in the middleweight division. The technical-tactical behavior of taekwondo competitors was found to differ between gender or gender and weight divisions. Women were found to perform more circular actions to the trunk with the right leg and total actions than men, who received more warnings than women. 

China and Latin America: strategic partners or competitors?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Manuel Gil Barragán

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This document has as main objective to discuss the dual role that China is playing in Latin America, on one hand, a strategic trade partner in Asia, source of foreign direct investment (FDI and key ally in the international arena, on the other hand, China is a formidable competitor particularly in the manufacturing sector. To reach the main objective, we make a brief description of the international trade relation between China and Latin America for the last 15 years, also, a review of the investment flows in different economic sectors, and lastly, a description of the political and diplomatic relation between Latin America and China. From this, it can be inferred that the bilateral relation is prominently framed by the trade of commodities from Latin America to China and the Chinese investment in the sourcing of natural resources.

The Mathematical Miseducation of America's Youth: Ignoring Research and Scientific Study in Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Battista, Michael T.

1999-01-01

Because traditional instruction ignores students' personal construction of mathematical meaning, mathematical thought development is not properly nurtured. Several issues must be addressed, including adults' ignorance of math- and student-learning processes, identification of math-education research specialists, the myth of coverage, testing…

Bottom of the heap: having heavier competitors accelerates early-life telomere loss in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Nettle

Full Text Available Early-life adversity is associated with poorer health and survival in adulthood in humans and other animals. One pathway by which early-life environmental stressors could affect the adult phenotype is via effects on telomere dynamics. Several studies have shown that early-life adversity is associated with relatively short telomeres, but these are often cross-sectional and usually correlational in design. Here, we present a novel experimental system for studying the relationship between early-life adversity and telomere dynamics using a wild bird, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris. We used cross-fostering to experimentally assign sibling chicks to either small or large broods for twelve days of the growth period. We measured telomere length in red blood cells using quantitative PCR near the beginning of the experimental manipulation (4 days old, at the end of the experimental manipulation (15 days old, and once the birds were independent (55 days old. Being in a larger brood slowed growth and retarded wing development and the timing of fledging. We found no evidence that overall brood size affected telomere dynamics. However, the greater the number of competitors above the focal bird in the within-brood size hierarchy, the greater was the telomere loss during the period of the experimental manipulation. The number of competitors below the focal in the hierarchy had no effect. The effect of heavier competitors was still evident when we controlled for the weight of the focal bird at the end of the manipulation, suggesting it was not due to retarded growth per se. Moreover, the impact of early competition on telomeres was still evident at independence, suggesting persistence beyond early life. Our study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that social stress, in this case induced by the presence of a greater number of dominant competitors, accelerates the rate of telomere loss.

Will China’s Rise Remain Peaceful? (Military Threat or Economic Competitor)

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

factories not only to meet its own logistics needs but also to produce weapons for sale abroad and consumer goods for domestic sales, profits from which...trepidation as a powerful new economic competitor.34 21 Indeed, the watershed event for China’s outbound M&A strategy was the unsuccessful US$18.5bn bid...Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, Shangri-La Hotel , Singapore, Saturday, June 4, 2005, U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant

7 CFR 4290.885 - Disposition of assets to RBIC's Associates or to competitors of Portfolio Concerns.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... competitors of Portfolio Concerns. 4290.885 Section 4290.885 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Limitations...

Trapline foraging by bumble bees: VII. Adjustments for foraging success following competitor removal

OpenAIRE

Kazuharu Ohashi; Alison Leslie; James D. Thomson

2013-01-01

Animals collecting food from renewable resource patches scattered in space often establish small foraging areas to which they return faithfully. Such area fidelity offers foraging advantages through selection of profitable patches, route minimization, and regular circuit visits to these patches (“trapline foraging”). Resource distribution under field conditions may often vary in time, however, especially when competitors suddenly vanish and a number of patches become available for their neigh...

COMPETITIVENESS OF CANADIAN AGRI-FOOD EXPORTS AGAINST COMPETITORS IN ASIA: 1980-97

OpenAIRE

Chen, Kevin Z.; Duan, Yufeng

2001-01-01

Asia is the second largest market for the Canadian agri-food exports after the United States market. The competition in Asia has become more intensive in recent years as the agri-food sector in developed nations such as Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States has increasingly relied on exports for growth because of their own slow-growing domestic food consumption. How did the performance of Canadian agri-food exports to Asia measure up to the performances of its main competitors? Thi...

Multiple Choice: How Public School Leaders in New Orleans' Saturated Market View Private School Competitors

Science.gov (United States)

Jabbar, Huriya; Li, Dongmei M.

2016-01-01

School choice policies, such as charter schools and vouchers, are in part designed to induce competition between schools. While several studies have examined the impact of private school competition on public schools, few studies have explored school leaders' perceptions of private school competitors. This study examines the extent to which public…

Remedies by competitors for false advertising.

Science.gov (United States)

Hirsch, B D; Wilcox, D P

1990-05-01

Patients who are victimized as a consequence of false medical advertising are not the only ones who can sue for damages. Under section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, effective November 17, 1989, anyone "who believes that he or she is or is likely to be damaged" by deceptive advertising may bring a civil action for damages (1). Competing physicians may sue other physicians who falsely advertise that they possess unique skills and achieve better results than other physicians because they employ exclusive methods of treatment or claim that certain surgical procedures they perform in the office are absolutely safe and without risk or who advertise false professional credentials to lure patients. Voluntary informed consent excludes the use of deceit. Misrepresentation through advertising deprives a patient of the right to exercise an informed consent (2). A patient who relies on a doctor's false advertising in agreeing to a procedure that causes the patient injury may sue for malpractice even if the procedure was performed without negligence. False medical advertising also exposes the advertiser to litigation by competitors for unfair competition. This article is concerned with the remedy that may be available for instituting private litigation against physicians and other health care providers who engage in untruthful advertising.

THE IMPACT OF SPATIAL PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS AND COMPETITORS ON INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN MEDIUM HIGH AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN POLAND

OpenAIRE

Piotr Dzikowski

2016-01-01

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of spatial proximity to customers, suppliers and competitors on innovation activity in medium high and high technology manufacturing industries in Poland. It is assumed that innovation activity is facilitated by both local suppliers and customers whereas it is decreased by local competitors. The scope of the survey relates to innovation in medium high and high technology manufacturing industries in Poland. It concerns innovation at the firm lev...

Investigating Deviance Distraction and the Impact of the Modality of the To-Be-Ignored Stimuli.

Science.gov (United States)

Marsja, Erik; Neely, Gregory; Ljungberg, Jessica K

2018-03-01

It has been suggested that deviance distraction is caused by unexpected sensory events in the to-be-ignored stimuli violating the cognitive system's predictions of incoming stimuli. The majority of research has used methods where the to-be-ignored expected (standards) and the unexpected (deviants) stimuli are presented within the same modality. Less is known about the behavioral impact of deviance distraction when the to-be-ignored stimuli are presented in different modalities (e.g., standard and deviants presented in different modalities). In three experiments using cross-modal oddball tasks with mixed-modality to-be-ignored stimuli, we examined the distractive role of unexpected auditory deviants presented in a continuous stream of expected standard vibrations. The results showed that deviance distraction seems to be dependent upon the to-be-ignored stimuli being presented within the same modality, and that the simplest omission of something expected; in this case, a standard vibration may be enough to capture attention and distract performance.

Is There Such a Thing as 'White Ignorance' in British Education?

Science.gov (United States)

Bain, Zara

2018-01-01

I argue that political philosopher Charles W. Mills' twin concepts of 'the epistemology of ignorance' and 'white ignorance' are useful tools for thinking through racial injustice in the British education system. While anti-racist work in British education has a long history, racism persists in British primary, secondary and tertiary education. For…

Non-ignorable missingness item response theory models for choice effects in examinee-selected items.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chen-Wei; Wang, Wen-Chung

2017-11-01

Examinee-selected item (ESI) design, in which examinees are required to respond to a fixed number of items in a given set, always yields incomplete data (i.e., when only the selected items are answered, data are missing for the others) that are likely non-ignorable in likelihood inference. Standard item response theory (IRT) models become infeasible when ESI data are missing not at random (MNAR). To solve this problem, the authors propose a two-dimensional IRT model that posits one unidimensional IRT model for observed data and another for nominal selection patterns. The two latent variables are assumed to follow a bivariate normal distribution. In this study, the mirt freeware package was adopted to estimate parameters. The authors conduct an experiment to demonstrate that ESI data are often non-ignorable and to determine how to apply the new model to the data collected. Two follow-up simulation studies are conducted to assess the parameter recovery of the new model and the consequences for parameter estimation of ignoring MNAR data. The results of the two simulation studies indicate good parameter recovery of the new model and poor parameter recovery when non-ignorable missing data were mistakenly treated as ignorable. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.

Can Strategic Ignorance Explain the Evolution of Love?

Science.gov (United States)

Bear, Adam; Rand, David G

2018-04-24

People's devotion to, and love for, their romantic partners poses an evolutionary puzzle: Why is it better to stop your search for other partners once you enter a serious relationship when you could continue to search for somebody better? A recent formal model based on "strategic ignorance" suggests that such behavior can be adaptive and favored by natural selection, so long as you can signal your unwillingness to "look" for other potential mates to your current partner. Here, we re-examine this conclusion with a more detailed model designed to capture specific features of romantic relationships. We find, surprisingly, that devotion does not typically evolve in our model: Selection favors agents who choose to "look" while in relationships and who allow their partners to do the same. Non-looking is only expected to evolve if there is an extremely large cost associated with being left by your partner. Our results therefore raise questions about the role of strategic ignorance in explaining the evolution of love. Copyright © 2018 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

The end of ignorance multiplying our human potential

CERN Document Server

Mighton, John

2008-01-01

A revolutionary call for a new understanding of how people learn. The End of Ignorance conceives of a world in which no child is left behind – a world based on the assumption that each child has the potential to be successful in every subject. John Mighton argues that by recognizing the barriers that we have experienced in our own educational development, by identifying the moment that we became disenchanted with a certain subject and forever closed ourselves off to it, we will be able to eliminate these same barriers from standing in the way of our children. A passionate examination of our present education system, The End of Ignorance shows how we all can work together to reinvent the way that we are taught. John Mighton, the author of The Myth of Ability, is the founder of JUMP Math, a system of learning based on the fostering of emergent intelligence. The program has proved so successful an entire class of Grade 3 students, including so-called slow learners, scored over 90% on a Grade 6 math test. A ...

Should general psychiatry ignore somatization and hypochondriasis?

OpenAIRE

CREED, FRANCIS

2006-01-01

This paper examines the tendency for general psychiatry to ignore somatization and hypochondriasis. These disorders are rarely included in national surveys of mental health and are not usually regarded as a concern of general psychiatrists; yet primary care doctors and other physicians often feel let down by psychiatry's failure to offer help in this area of medical practice. Many psychiatrists are unaware of the suffering, impaired function and high costs that can result fr...

The Influence of Market Context on Business Strategy, Competitor Imitation and Operational Effectiveness

OpenAIRE

Madalina Balau

2015-01-01

The importance of strategic positioning, along with operational effectiveness, has long been presented as key for the success of the company. There are few studies that highlighted the way in which the market context affects these efforts of the company. The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of the market context on competitor imitation and its further implications on strategy. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and major concepts were drawn from works...

Are Competitors' Free Trade Agreements Putting U.S. Agricultural Exporters at a Disadvantage?

OpenAIRE

Wainio, John; Dyck, John H.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Vollrath, Thomas L.

2011-01-01

The growing number of free trade agreements among U.S. competitors has prompted questions about whether U.S. agricultural exporters may lose a share of the global market. ERS research shows that the recently created ASEAN-China and ASEANAustralia/ New Zealand free trade agreements are likely to have modest adverse impacts on U.S. agricultural exports. The Mercosur-Colombia free trade agreement has reduced U.S. agricultural exports to Colombia; U.S. grain sellers face increasingly stiff compet...

Negative and positive interactions among plants: effects of competitors and litter on seedling emergence and growth of forest and grassland species.

Science.gov (United States)

Loydi, A; Donath, T W; Otte, A; Eckstein, R L

2015-05-01

Living plant neighbours, but also their dead aboveground remains (i.e. litter), may individually exert negative or positive effects on plant recruitment. Although living plants and litter co-occur in most ecosystems, few studies have addressed their combined effects, and conclusions are ambivalent. Therefore, we examined the response in terms of seedling emergence and growth of herbaceous grassland and forest species to different litter types and amounts and the presence of competitors. We conducted a pot experiment testing the effects of litter type (grass, oak), litter amount (low, medium, high) and interspecific competition (presence or absence of four Festuca arundinacea individuals) on seedling emergence and biomass of four congeneric pairs of hemicryptophytes from two habitat types (woodland, grassland). Interactions between litter and competition were weak. Litter presence increased competitor biomass. It also had positive effects on seedling emergence at low litter amounts and negative effects at high litter amounts, while competition had no effect on seedling emergence. Seedling biomass was negatively affected by the presence of competitors, and this effect was stronger in combination with high amounts of litter. Litter affected seedling emergence while competition determined the biomass of the emerged individuals, both affecting early stages of seedling recruitment. High litter accumulation also reduced seedling biomass, but this effect seemed to be additive to competitor effects. This suggests that live and dead plant mass can affect species recruitment in natural systems, but the mechanisms by which they operate and their timing differ. © 2014 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

Pengaruh Competitor Accounting Sebagai Strategic Management Accounting Techniques Terhadap Competitive Advantage Dan Organization Performance

OpenAIRE

Alan, Hartanto

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to know the affect of Competitor Accounting as a Strategic Management Accounting Techniques toward Competitive Advantage and Organization Performance on manufacturing companies in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. In this study primary data was used by using questionnaire distributed to manufacturing companies in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. This study used path modeling analysis technique with PLS tools. From the examination showed that there were positive and significant affect...

Procédé de l'étude de la rupture des fibres à partir d'un essai en ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le travail consiste à solliciter en traction des mèches de fibres de verre, en utilisant l'émission acoustique pour suivre en temps réel l'endommagement du matériau. En effet, les ... Deux types d'essais doivent être réalisés, ceci afin de pouvoir comparer les méthodes et les résultats avec ceux déjà obtenus. La procédure ...

Professional orientation and pluralistic ignorance among jail correctional officers.

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Carrie L; Lane, Jodi

2014-06-01

Research about the attitudes and beliefs of correctional officers has historically been conducted in prison facilities while ignoring jail settings. This study contributes to our understanding of correctional officers by examining the perceptions of those who work in jails, specifically measuring professional orientations about counseling roles, punitiveness, corruption of authority by inmates, and social distance from inmates. The study also examines whether officers are accurate in estimating these same perceptions of their peers, a line of inquiry that has been relatively ignored. Findings indicate that the sample was concerned about various aspects of their job and the management of inmates. Specifically, officers were uncertain about adopting counseling roles, were somewhat punitive, and were concerned both with maintaining social distance from inmates and with an inmate's ability to corrupt their authority. Officers also misperceived the professional orientation of their fellow officers and assumed their peer group to be less progressive than they actually were.

'More is less'. The tax effects of ignoring flow externalities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sandal, Leif K.; Steinshamn, Stein Ivar; Grafton, R. Quentin

2003-01-01

Using a model of non-linear, non-monotone decay of the stock pollutant, and starting from the same initial conditions, the paper shows that an optimal tax that corrects for both stock and flow externalities may result in a lower tax, fewer cumulative emissions (less decay in emissions) and higher output at the steady state than a corrective tax that ignores the flow externality. This 'more is less' result emphasizes that setting a corrective tax that ignores the flow externality, or imposing a corrective tax at too low a level where there exists only a stock externality, may affect both transitory and steady-state output, tax payments and cumulative emissions. The result has important policy implications for decision makers setting optimal corrective taxes and targeted emission limits whenever stock externalities exist

Rapid PCR-mediated synthesis of competitor molecules for accurate quantification of beta(2) GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Vela, J; Vitorica, J; Ruano, D

2001-12-01

We describe a fast and easy method for the synthesis of competitor molecules based on non-specific conditions of PCR. RT-competitive PCR is a sensitive technique that allows quantification of very low quantities of mRNA molecules in small tissue samples. This technique is based on the competition established between the native and standard templates for nucleotides, primers or other factors during PCR. Thus, the most critical parameter is the use of good internal standards to generate a standard curve from which the amount of native sequences can be properly estimated. At the present time different types of internal standards and methods for their synthesis have been described. Normally, most of these methods are time-consuming and require the use of different sets of primers, different rounds of PCR or specific modifications, such as site-directed mutagenesis, that need subsequent analysis of the PCR products. Using our method, we obtained in a single round of PCR and with the same primer pair, competitor molecules that were successfully used in RT-competitive PCR experiments. The principal advantage of this method is high versatility and economy. Theoretically it is possible to synthesize a specific competitor molecule for each primer pair used. Finally, using this method we have been able to quantify the increase in the expression of the beta(2) GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNA that occurs during rat hippocampus development.

Solving the competitive facility location problem considering the reactions of competitor with a hybrid algorithm including Tabu Search and exact method

Science.gov (United States)

Bagherinejad, Jafar; Niknam, Azar

2018-03-01

In this paper, a leader-follower competitive facility location problem considering the reactions of the competitors is studied. A model for locating new facilities and determining levels of quality for the facilities of the leader firm is proposed. Moreover, changes in the location and quality of existing facilities in a competitive market where a competitor offers the same goods or services are taken into account. The competitor could react by opening new facilities, closing existing ones, and adjusting the quality levels of its existing facilities. The market share, captured by each facility, depends on its distance to customer and its quality that is calculated based on the probabilistic Huff's model. Each firm aims to maximize its profit subject to constraints on quality levels and budget of setting up new facilities. This problem is formulated as a bi-level mixed integer non-linear model. The model is solved using a combination of Tabu Search with an exact method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with an upper bound that is achieved by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Computational results show that our algorithm finds near the upper bound solutions in a reasonable time.

Persistence of Memory for Ignored Lists of Digits: Areas of Developmental Constancy and Change.

Science.gov (United States)

Cowan, Nelson; Nugent, Lara D.; Elliott, Emily M.; Saults, J. Scott

2000-01-01

Examined persistence of sensory memory by studying developmental differences in recall of attended and ignored lists of digits for second-graders, fifth-graders, and adults. Found developmental increase in the persistence of memory only for the final item in an ignored list, which is the item for which sensory memory is thought to be the most…

CUSTOMER CARE - A TOTALLY IGNORED MANAGEMENT TOOL ON THE ROMANIAN SERVICES MARKET

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roxana SÂRBU

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Quality and customer satisfaction are important subjects receiving increasing attention worldwide. An organization's ability to remain in business depends entirely on its ability to win and retain customers. The nature and number of competitors and their ability to offer similar products/services at similar prices has led to increasing emphasis being placed on customer care. Customer care is about people pleasing people and it involves specific actions that keep customers satisfied and coming back for more.

Willful Ignorance and the Death Knell of Critical Thought

Science.gov (United States)

Rubin, Daniel Ian

2018-01-01

Independent, critical thought has never been more important in the United States. In the Age of Trump, political officials spout falsehoods called "alternative facts" as if they were on equal footing with researchable, scientific data. At the same time, an unquestioning populace engages in acts of "willful ignorance" on a daily…

Traffic forecasts ignoring induced demand

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Næss, Petter; Nicolaisen, Morten Skou; Strand, Arvid

2012-01-01

the model calculations included only a part of the induced traffic, the difference in cost-benefit results compared to the model excluding all induced traffic was substantial. The results show lower travel time savings, more adverse environmental impacts and a considerably lower benefitcost ratio when...... induced traffic is partly accounted for than when it is ignored. By exaggerating the economic benefits of road capacity increase and underestimating its negative effects, omission of induced traffic can result in over-allocation of public money on road construction and correspondingly less focus on other...... performance of a proposed road project in Copenhagen with and without short-term induced traffic included in the transport model. The available transport model was not able to include long-term induced traffic resulting from changes in land use and in the level of service of public transport. Even though...

The Impact of Alternative Market Orientation Strategies on Firm Performance: Customer versus Competitor Orientation

OpenAIRE

Micheels, Eric T.; Gow, Hamish R.

2010-01-01

Research studies have differed over the importance of the relative emphasis of a customer versus competitor orientation in the development of a market orientation (Slater and Narver, 1994; Tajeddini, 2010). In this study, we assess whether the emphasis of one component over another of a market orientation is an important determinant of firm performance within the Illinois beef industry, specifically the cow-calf sector. Using a series of OLS regressions, we examine the importance of a market ...

Egoism, ignorance and choice : on society's lethal infection

OpenAIRE

Camilleri, Jonathan

2015-01-01

The ability to choose and our innate selfish, or rather, self-preservative urges are a recipe for disaster. Combining this with man's ignorance by definition and especially his general refusal to accept it, inevitably leads to Man's demise as a species. It is our false notion of freedom which contributes directly to our collective death, and therefore, man's trying to escape death is, in the largest of ways, counterproductive.

The importance of ignoring: Alpha oscillations protect selectivity

OpenAIRE

Payne, Lisa; Sekuler, Robert

2014-01-01

Selective attention is often thought to entail an enhancement of some task-relevant stimulus or attribute. We discuss the perspective that ignoring irrelevant, distracting information plays a complementary role in information processing. Cortical oscillations within the alpha (8–14 Hz) frequency band have emerged as a marker of sensory suppression. This suppression is linked to selective attention for visual, auditory, somatic, and verbal stimuli. Inhibiting processing of irrelevant input mak...

Tunnel Vision: New England Higher Education Ignores Demographic Peril

Science.gov (United States)

Hodgkinson, Harold L.

2004-01-01

This author states that American higher education ignores about 90 percent of the environment in which it operates. Colleges change admissions requirements without even informing high schools in their service areas. Community college graduates are denied access to four-year programs because of policy changes made only after it was too late for the…

Ignoring correlation in uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in life cycle assessment: what is the risk?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Groen, E.A., E-mail: Evelyne.Groen@gmail.com [Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen 6700 AH (Netherlands); Heijungs, R. [Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam 1081 HV (Netherlands); Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden 2333 CC (Netherlands)

2017-01-15

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established tool to quantify the environmental impact of a product. A good assessment of uncertainty is important for making well-informed decisions in comparative LCA, as well as for correctly prioritising data collection efforts. Under- or overestimation of output uncertainty (e.g. output variance) will lead to incorrect decisions in such matters. The presence of correlations between input parameters during uncertainty propagation, can increase or decrease the the output variance. However, most LCA studies that include uncertainty analysis, ignore correlations between input parameters during uncertainty propagation, which may lead to incorrect conclusions. Two approaches to include correlations between input parameters during uncertainty propagation and global sensitivity analysis were studied: an analytical approach and a sampling approach. The use of both approaches is illustrated for an artificial case study of electricity production. Results demonstrate that both approaches yield approximately the same output variance and sensitivity indices for this specific case study. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the analytical approach can be used to quantify the risk of ignoring correlations between input parameters during uncertainty propagation in LCA. We demonstrate that: (1) we can predict if including correlations among input parameters in uncertainty propagation will increase or decrease output variance; (2) we can quantify the risk of ignoring correlations on the output variance and the global sensitivity indices. Moreover, this procedure requires only little data. - Highlights: • Ignoring correlation leads to under- or overestimation of the output variance. • We demonstrated that the risk of ignoring correlation can be quantified. • The procedure proposed is generally applicable in life cycle assessment. • In some cases, ignoring correlation has a minimal effect on decision-making tools.

Competitor analogs for defined T cell antigens: peptides incorporating a putative binding motif and polyproline or polyglycine spacers.

Science.gov (United States)

Maryanski, J L; Verdini, A S; Weber, P C; Salemme, F R; Corradin, G

1990-01-12

We describe a new approach for modeling antigenic peptides recognized by T cells. Peptide A24 170-182 can compete with other antigenic peptides that are recognized by H-2kd-restricted cytolytic T cells, presumably by binding to the Kd molecule. By comparing substituted A24 peptides as competitors in a functional competition assay, the A24 residues Tyr-171, Thr-178, and Leu-179 were identified as possible contact residues for Kd. A highly active competitor peptide analog was synthesized in which Tyr was separated from the Thr-Leu pair by a pentaproline spacer. The choice of proline allowed the prediction of a probable conformation for the analog when bound to the Kd molecule. The simplest conformation of the A24 peptide that allows the same spacing and orientation of the motif as in the analog would be a nearly extended polypeptide chain incorporating a single 3(10) helical turn or similar structural kink.

A PROFILE OF OLYMPIC TAEKWONDO COMPETITORS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohsen Kazemi

2006-07-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to identify the profile of the Olympic champions and the other competitors who were involved in the Games. The information on each of the athletes was obtained from the "Official Site of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, www.olympics.com/eng/sports/TK" and included weight category, weight, height, age, points obtained, warnings, deduction point, defensive/offensive kicks and punches. One hundred and two athletes competed (54 males and 48 females in the Games. The mean average age and BMI (Body Mass Index of 16 male winners was 24.4 ± 3.3 years and 21.9 ± 2.4 respectively compared to 25.2 ± 4.3 years and 22.8 ± 3.3 for the 38 male non-winners. The mean average age and BMI of the 16 female winners was 23.1 ± 3.9 years and 20.8 ± 2.3 respectively compared to 24.9 ± 4.7 years and 21.3 ± 2.7 for the 32 female non-winners. For all four types of athletes, offensive kicks accounted for at least 52% of the techniques to score a point. Ninety-eight percent of all techniques used to score were kicks. Although not statistically significant, winners overall tended to be younger in age and taller with slightly lower BMI than their weight category average. Taking into account the literature cited in this article, future studies should be designed to examine the relationship between performance and functional variables such as muscle power, muscle endurance, reaction time and aerobic capacity.

Are exotic herbivores better competitors? A meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Radville, Laura; Gonda-King, Liahna; Gómez, Sara; Kaplan, Ian; Preisser, Evan L

2014-01-01

Competition plays an important role in structuring the community dynamics of phytophagous insects. As the number and impact of biological invasions increase, it has become increasingly important to determine whether competitive differences exist between native and exotic insects. We conducted a meta-analysis to test the hypothesis that native/ exotic status affects the outcome of herbivore competition. Specifically, we used data from 160 published studies to assess plant-mediated competition in phytophagous insects. For each pair of competing herbivores, we determined the native range and coevolutionary history of each herbivore and host plant. Plant-mediated competition occurred frequently, but neither native nor exotic insects were consistently better competitors. Spatial separation reduced competition in native insects but showed little effect on exotics. Temporal separation negatively impacted native insects but did not affect competition in exotics. Insects that coevolved with their host plant were more affected by interspecific competition than herbivores that lacked a coevolutionary history. Insects that have not coevolved with their host plant may be at a competitive advantage if they overcome plant defenses. As native/exotic status does not consistently predict outcomes of competitive interactions, plant-insect coevolutionary history should be considered in studies of competition.

Ignorance Is Bliss, But for Whom? The Persistent Effect of Good Will on Cooperation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mike Farjam

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Who benefits from the ignorance of others? We address this question from the point of view of a policy maker who can induce some ignorance into a system of agents competing for resources. Evolutionary game theory shows that when unconditional cooperators or ignorant agents compete with defectors in two-strategy settings, unconditional cooperators get exploited and are rendered extinct. In contrast, conditional cooperators, by utilizing some kind of reciprocity, are able to survive and sustain cooperation when competing with defectors. We study how cooperation thrives in a three-strategy setting where there are unconditional cooperators, conditional cooperators and defectors. By means of simulation on various kinds of graphs, we show that conditional cooperators benefit from the existence of unconditional cooperators in the majority of cases. However, in worlds that make cooperation hard to evolve, defectors benefit.

Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database

Science.gov (United States)

Fabrizio, Mary C.; Nelson, Scott N.

1995-01-01

Reliable estimates of abundance and survival, gained through mark-recapture studies, are necessary to better understand how to manage and restore lake trout populations in the Great Lakes. Working with a 24-year data set from a mark-recapture study conducted in Lake Superior, we attempted to disclose information on tag shedding by examining recaptures of double-tagged fish. The data set consisted of 64,288 observations on fish which had been marked with one or more tags; a subset of these fish had been marked with two tags at initial capture. Although DATA and PROC statements could be used to obtain some of the information we sought, these statements could not be used to extract a complete set of results from the double-tagging experiments. We therefore used SQL processing to create three tables representing the same information but in a fully normalized relational structure. In addition, we created indices to efficiently examine complex relationships among the individual capture records. This approach allowed us to obtain all the information necessary to estimate tag retention through subsequent modeling. We believe that our success with SQL was due in large part to its ability to simultaneosly scan the same table more than once and to permit consideration of other tables in sub-queries.

Crimes commited by indigeno us people in ignorance of the law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Fernando Chimbo Villacorte

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This analysis focuses specifically When the Indian commits crimes in ignorance of the law, not only because it ignores absolutely the unlawfulness of their conduct but when he believes he is acting in strict accordance with their beliefs and ancestral customs which –in squabble some cases– with positive law. Likewise the impossibility of imposing a penalty –when the offense is committed outside the community– or indigenous purification –when it marks an act that disturbs social peace within the indigenous– community is committed but mainly focuses on the impossibility to impose a security measure when it has committed a crime outside their community, because doing so is as unimpeachable and returns to his community, generating a discriminating treatment that prevents the culturally different self-determination.

The Marley hypothesis: denial of racism reflects ignorance of history.

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, Jessica C; Adams, Glenn; Salter, Phia S

2013-02-01

This study used a signal detection paradigm to explore the Marley hypothesis--that group differences in perception of racism reflect dominant-group denial of and ignorance about the extent of past racism. White American students from a midwestern university and Black American students from two historically Black universities completed surveys about their historical knowledge and perception of racism. Relative to Black participants, White participants perceived less racism in both isolated incidents and systemic manifestations of racism. They also performed worse on a measure of historical knowledge (i.e., they did not discriminate historical fact from fiction), and this group difference in historical knowledge mediated the differences in perception of racism. Racial identity relevance moderated group differences in perception of systemic manifestations of racism (but not isolated incidents), such that group differences were stronger among participants who scored higher on a measure of racial identity relevance. The results help illuminate the importance of epistemologies of ignorance: cultural-psychological tools that afford denial of and inaction about injustice.

Exploitation of commercial remote sensing images: reality ignored?

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Paul C.

1999-12-01

The remote sensing market is on the verge of being awash in commercial high-resolution images. Market estimates are based on the growing numbers of planned commercial remote sensing electro-optical, radar, and hyperspectral satellites and aircraft. EarthWatch, Space Imaging, SPOT, and RDL among others are all working towards launch and service of one to five meter panchromatic or radar-imaging satellites. Additionally, new advances in digital air surveillance and reconnaissance systems, both manned and unmanned, are also expected to expand the geospatial customer base. Regardless of platform, image type, or location, each system promises images with some combination of increased resolution, greater spectral coverage, reduced turn-around time (request-to- delivery), and/or reduced image cost. For the most part, however, market estimates for these new sources focus on the raw digital images (from collection to the ground station) while ignoring the requirements for a processing and exploitation infrastructure comprised of exploitation tools, exploitation training, library systems, and image management systems. From this it would appear the commercial imaging community has failed to learn the hard lessons of national government experience choosing instead to ignore reality and replicate the bias of collection over processing and exploitation. While this trend may be not impact the small quantity users that exist today it will certainly adversely affect the mid- to large-sized users of the future.

Clash of kingdoms or why Drosophila larvae positively respond to fungal competitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rohlfs Marko

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Competition with filamentous fungi has been demonstrated to be an important cause of mortality for the vast group of insects that depend on ephemeral resources (e.g. fruit, dung, carrion. Recent data suggest that the well-known aggregation of Drosophila larvae across decaying fruit yields a competitive advantage over mould, by which the larvae achieve a higher survival probability in larger groups compared with smaller ones. Feeding and locomotor behaviour of larger larval groups is assumed to cause disruption of fungal hyphae, leading to suppression of fungal growth, which in turn improves the chances of larval survival to the adult stage. Given the relationship between larval density, mould suppression and larval survival, the present study has tested whether fungal-infected food patches elicit communal foraging behaviour on mould-infected sites by which larvae might hamper mould growth more efficiently. Results Based on laboratory experiments in which Drosophila larvae were offered the choice between fungal-infected and uninfected food patches, larvae significantly aggregated on patches containing young fungal colonies. Grouping behaviour was also visible when larvae were offered only fungal-infected or only uninfected patches; however, larval aggregation was less strong under these conditions than in a heterogeneous environment (infected and uninfected patches. Conclusion Because filamentous fungi can be deadly competitors for insect larvae on ephemeral resources, social attraction of Drosophila larvae to fungal-infected sites leading to suppression of mould growth may reflect an adaptive behavioural response that increases insect larval fitness and can thus be discussed as an anti-competitor behaviour. These observations support the hypothesis that adverse environmental conditions operate in favour of social behaviour. In a search for the underlying mechanisms of communal behaviour in Drosophila, this study highlights

Three-Capital Approach to the Study of Young People who Excel in Vocational Occupations: A Case of WorldSkills Competitors and Entrepreneurship

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maia Chankseliani

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the entrepreneurial inclinations of young people who achieved excellence in vocational occupations. We propose a three-capital approach to the study of entrepreneurship. Relying on the existing theories and original qualitative and quantitative data analyses, findings from interviews with 30 entrepreneurial and 10 non-entrepreneurial WorldSkills competitors show that psychological capital, social capital and human capital can be combined to explore how young people who excel in vocational occupations develop entrepreneurial mindsets. We show that training for and participation in the largest vocational skills event globally - WorldSkills competition - develops selected aspects of three capitals. However, we also discover that the entrepreneurial motivation precedes competitors' involvement with WorldSkills.

Competitive and Cooperative Degree in Supply Chain: Supplier Selection between Competitors and Third-Party Suppliers

OpenAIRE

Xie, Bo; Wang, Xianjia; Zhou, Chuan

2014-01-01

Part 5: Modelling and Simulation; International audience; This work explores the firm’s supplier selection question that the competitor firm and the third-party supplier can supply the substitutable component. We consider a supply chain with two competing original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and two third-party suppliers. The two OEMs produce the competing products which are comprised by two main components. Each OEM only can produce one component in-house and each third-party supplier onl...

On uncertainty in information and ignorance in knowledge

Science.gov (United States)

Ayyub, Bilal M.

2010-05-01

This paper provides an overview of working definitions of knowledge, ignorance, information and uncertainty and summarises formalised philosophical and mathematical framework for their analyses. It provides a comparative examination of the generalised information theory and the generalised theory of uncertainty. It summarises foundational bases for assessing the reliability of knowledge constructed as a collective set of justified true beliefs. It discusses system complexity for ancestor simulation potentials. It offers value-driven communication means of knowledge and contrarian knowledge using memes and memetics.

Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Menstrual Cycle Changes during Competition Preparation and Recovery in a Drug-Free Figure Competitor: A Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Halliday, Tanya M.; Loenneke, Jeremy P.; Davy, Brenda M.

2016-01-01

Physique competitions are events in which competitors are judged on muscular appearance and symmetry. The purpose of this retrospective case study was to describe changes in dietary intake, body mass/composition, and the menstrual cycle during the 20-week competition preparation (PREP) and 20-week post competition recovery (REC) periods of a drug-free amateur female figure competitor (age = 26–27, BMI = 19.5 kg/m2). Dietary intake (via weighed food records) and body mass were assessed daily and averaged weekly. Body composition was estimated via Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 7-site skinfold measurements. Energy intake, body mass and composition, and energy availability decreased during the 20-week PREP period (changes of ~298 kcals, 5.1 kg, 6.5% body fat, and 5.4 kcal/kg fat free mass, respectively) and returned to baseline values by end of the 20-week REC period. Menstrual cycle irregularity was reported within the first month of PREP and the last menstruation was reported at week 11 of PREP. Given the potentially adverse health outcomes associated with caloric restriction, future, prospective cohort studies on the physiological response to PREP and REC are warranted in drug-free, female physique competitors. PMID:27879627

Critical silvics of selected crop and competitor species in northwestern Ontario

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buse, L.J.

1992-12-31

This guide contains information on 25 plant species which may compete with conifer crop species and on six commercially important conifer species. The guide summarizes information on the autoecology of each species in the context of the Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification. In addition, it evaluates each of the potential competitors with respect to their competitive effects and mechanisms, their response to disturbance and silvicultural treatments (including their adaptation to forest canopy removal, cutting, mechanical site preparation, fire, and herbicides), and their potential value for wildlife. The guide similarly evaluates the six conifer species with respect to their response to competition and ability to respond to release. Summary tables enable quick comparison between species. This guide will assist forest resource managers in developing site-specific vegetation management strategies.

Maggots in the Brain: Sequelae of Ignored Scalp Wound.

Science.gov (United States)

Aggarwal, Ashish; Maskara, Prasant

2018-01-01

A 26-year-old male had suffered a burn injury to his scalp in childhood and ignored it. He presented with a complaint of something crawling on his head. Inspection of his scalp revealed multiple maggots on the brain surface with erosion of overlying bone and scalp. He was successfully managed by surgical debridement and regular dressing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ignoring alarming news brings indifference: Learning about the world and the self.

Science.gov (United States)

Paluck, Elizabeth Levy; Shafir, Eldar; Wu, Sherry Jueyu

2017-10-01

The broadcast of media reports about moral crises such as famine can subtly depress rather than activate moral concern. Whereas much research has examined the effects of media reports that people attend to, social psychological analysis suggests that what goes unattended can also have an impact. We test the idea that when vivid news accounts of human suffering are broadcast in the background but ignored, people infer from their choice to ignore these accounts that they care less about the issue, compared to those who pay attention and even to those who were not exposed. Consistent with research on self-perception and attribution, three experiments demonstrate that participants who were nudged to distract themselves in front of a television news program about famine in Niger (Study 1), or to skip an online promotional video for the Niger famine program (Study 2), or who chose to ignore the famine in Niger television program in more naturalistic settings (Study 3) all assigned lower importance to poverty and to hunger reduction compared to participants who watched with no distraction or opportunity to skip the program, or to those who did not watch at all. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Le procédé du collage dans l’oeuvre de Max Ernst

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Maria Valle Arbex

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Considerado um dos inventores da colagem, no sentido moderno da palavra, Max Ernst desenvolve a técnica estendendo sua prática e transformando-a em conceito. Nossa reflexão aborda este “recurso” sob ângulo de sua relação com a noção de imagem surrealista, a partir de exemplos de trabalhos executados em 1919-1920, onde as imagens vêm acompanhadas de legendas, formando o que chamamos de poema-duplo.Considéré l’un des créateurs du collage dans le sens moderne du mot, Max Ernst développe cete technique en élargissant sa pratique et en la transformant en concept. Notre réflexion porte sur ce “procédé”, sous l’angle de ses rapports avec la notion d’image poétique surréaliste, à partir d’exemples de travaux réalisés en 1919-1920, où des légendes accompagnent les images formant une sorte poème-double.

The Ignorant Facilitator: Education, Politics and Theatre in Co-Communities

Science.gov (United States)

Lev-Aladgem, Shulamith

2015-01-01

This article discusses the book "The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation" by the French philosopher, Jacques Rancière. Its intention is to study the potential contribution of this text to the discourse of applied theatre (theatre in co-communities) in general, and the role of the facilitator in particular. It…

Roles of dark energy perturbations in dynamical dark energy models: can we ignore them?

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Chan-Gyung; Hwang, Jai-chan; Lee, Jae-heon; Noh, Hyerim

2009-10-09

We show the importance of properly including the perturbations of the dark energy component in the dynamical dark energy models based on a scalar field and modified gravity theories in order to meet with present and future observational precisions. Based on a simple scaling scalar field dark energy model, we show that observationally distinguishable substantial differences appear by ignoring the dark energy perturbation. By ignoring it the perturbed system of equations becomes inconsistent and deviations in (gauge-invariant) power spectra depend on the gauge choice.

Injury profile of mixed martial arts competitors.

Science.gov (United States)

McClain, Rance; Wassermen, Jason; Mayfield, Carlene; Berry, Andrew C; Grenier, Greg; Suminski, Richard R

2014-11-01

To provide an updated comprehensive profile of mixed martial arts (MMAs) injuries. Correlational and multivariate analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data to examine injuries sustained during 711 MMA bouts. One physician diagnosed any injuries occurring during the bouts. Various sports venues in Kansas and Missouri holding MMA competitions. Male and female and amateur and professional MMA competitors contributing to 1422 fight participations (fight participations = 711 bouts × 2 fighters/bout). State, level (amateur or professional), gender, number of rounds, and bout outcome (knockout/technical knockout [KO/TKO] vs other outcomes [eg, decision]). Injuries/fight participations, injury sustained (yes vs no), and fighter referred to emergency room (ER; yes vs no). The overall injury rate was 8.5% of fight participations (121 injuries/1422 fight participations) or 5.6% of rounds (121/2178 rounds). Injury rates were similar between men and women, but a greater percentage of the injuries caused an altered mental state in men. The risk of being injured was significantly greater for bouts held in Kansas, at the professional level, lasting more rounds, and ending in a KO/TKO. Fighters also were more likely to be referred to the ER if they participated in longer bouts ending in a KO/TKO. The observed injury rate was lower than previously reported suggesting recent regulatory changes have made MMA a safer sport. Increased clinical awareness and additional research should be extended to head-related injuries in MMAs especially those associated with KOs/TKOs.

How Should The US Adapt Its Military Doctrine To Be Able TO Fight A Peer Competitor

Science.gov (United States)

2016-02-15

the American Way of War (New York: Colombia University Press, 2008), 195. 8. Quoted in Colonel Gian Gentile, Wrong Turn: America’s Deadly Embrace of...the American Way of War . New York: Colombia University Press, 2008. Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W. W. Norton...AIR WAR COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY HOW SHOULD THE US ADAPT ITS MILITARY DOCTRINE TO BE ABLE TO FIGHT A PEER COMPETITOR? by Paul Kendall

Mobile Apps: Improve Airports ́ Brand Image and Differentiate Among Competitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lázaro Florido-Benítez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The image airports project via their applications (apps affects -- directly or indirectly--passengers’ satisfaction. Today, airports are competing among each other to attract more airlines and passengers to improve commercial revenues. Airport apps (as mobile marketing tools are offering a wide range of opportunities to both passengers and airports. Apps are the best solution if airports want to improve the passenger experience as well as differentiate themselves from their competitors. The results from this investigation reveal that an airport’s image-perception has either a positive or negative effect on customer satisfaction. Our structural equation model confirms that the projection of the airport image on an app improves passengers’ sense of security-control, along with cross selling. This paper provides a glimpse to how commercial activities in airports will function with interactive media.

Innovació en educació. De la idea a l’acció. Procés participatiu cap a l'INNED 2

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Artur Parcerisa-Aran

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Per al progrés de l’educació, la innovació és indispensable. Aquest concepte, que es relaciona però no s’ha de confondre amb el de canvi, no tothom l’entén igual, i això fa que sigui necessari definir quines són les característiques que ha de tenir un procés perquè es pugui considerar una innovació educativa. A partir de la preocupació per ajudar a fer que les innovacions no es quedin només en idees sinó que esdevinguin realitats a les aules i en altres espais educatius, es va engegar un procés de trobades amb professorat i altres educadors i educadores per treballar sobre la innovació educativa de cara a l’organització del II Simposi d’Innovació Educativa (INNED 2. Un dels eixos que va suscitar més interès va ser el de la innovació metodològica. En la part final de l’article es recullen una sèrie de consideracions sobre alguns àmbits que cal considerar en aquesta innovació: la implicació de l’alumnat, l’organització de l’espai i el temps, l’avaluació per aprendre i l’atenció a la diversitat.

The effects of systemic crises when investors can be crisis ignorant

NARCIS (Netherlands)

H.J.W.G. Kole (Erik); C.G. Koedijk (Kees); M.J.C.M. Verbeek (Marno)

2004-01-01

textabstractSystemic crises can largely affect asset allocations due to the rapid deterioration of the risk-return trade-off. We investigate the effects of systemic crises, interpreted as global simultaneous shocks to financial markets, by introducing an investor adopting a crisis ignorant or crisis

Fungal Competitors Affect Production of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides in Bacillus subtilis Strain B9-5.

Science.gov (United States)

DeFilippi, Stefanie; Groulx, Emma; Megalla, Merna; Mohamed, Rowida; Avis, Tyler J

2018-04-01

Bacillus subtilis has shown success in antagonizing plant pathogens where strains of the bacterium produce antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) in response to microbial competitors in their ecological niche. To gain insight into the inhibitory role of these CLPs, B. subtilis strain B9-5 was co-cultured with three pathogenic fungi. Inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination was assessed and CLPs produced by B. subtilis B9-5 were quantified over the entire period of microbial interaction. B. subtilis B9-5 significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium sambucinum and Verticillium dahliae, but not Rhizopus stolonifer. LC-MS analysis revealed that B. subtilis differentially produced fengycin and surfactin homologs depending on the competitor. CLP quantification suggested that the presence of Verticillium dahliae, a fungus highly sensitive to the compounds, caused an increase followed by a decrease in CLP production by the bacterium. In co-cultures with Fusarium sambucinum, a moderately sensitive fungus, CLP production increased more gradually, possibly because of its slower rate of spore germination. With co-cultures of the tolerant fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, B. subtilis produced high amounts of CLPs (per bacterial cell) for the duration of the interaction. Variations in CLP production could be explained, in part, by the pathogens' overall sensitivities to the bacterial lipopeptides and/or the relative growth rates between the plant pathogen and B. subtilis. CLP production varied substantially temporally depending on the targeted fungus, which provides valuable insight concerning the effectiveness of B. subtilis B9-5 protecting its ecological niche against the ingress of these pathogens.

Procés d’implantació de les HoloLens als boxes de reparació de SEAT, S.A.

OpenAIRE

Cano Almazán, Raquel

2017-01-01

Aquest treball de final de grau consisteix en la implantació d’una aplicació pertanyent a la Realitat Augmentada a la operativa de les auditories de manguetes del departament de Gestió de Qualitat de Motors i Triebsatz de l’empresa SEAT, S.A. L’aplicació que es vol aconseguir consisteix en un suport per l’auditor per realitzar correctament l’auditoria i per agilitzar el seu procés optimitzant els seus passos. El hardware que s’ha utilitzat per a poder dur a terme la aplicació en qüestió...

Forgotten and Ignored: Special Education in First Nations Schools in Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Phillips, Ron

2010-01-01

Usually reviews of special education in Canada describe the special education programs, services, policies, and legislation that are provided by the provinces and territories. The reviews consistently ignore the special education programs, services, policies, and legislation that are provided by federal government of Canada. The federal government…

Geographies of knowing, geographies of ignorance: jumping scale in Southeast Asia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Schendel, W.

2002-01-01

'Area studies' use a geographical metaphor to visualise and naturalise particular social spaces as well as a particular scale of analysis. They produce specific geographies of knowing but also create geographies of ignorance. Taking Southeast Asia as an example, in this paper I explore how areas are

Monitoring VET Systems of Major EU Competitor Countries - The Cases of China, India, Russia and Korea

OpenAIRE

Ruth, Klaus

2009-01-01

The study on VET systems of major EU competitor countries is based on the objective of the (revised) Lisbon agenda to become the most competitive region of the world based on a knowledge driven production and social cohesion. Building on experts opinion and literature research this study aims at monitoring VET policies in China, India, Russia and Korea. The study analyses five themes which are assumed to be of outstanding importance for understanding the current performance and the developing...

Early humans' egalitarian politics: runaway synergistic competition under an adapted veil of ignorance.

Science.gov (United States)

Harvey, Marc

2014-09-01

This paper proposes a model of human uniqueness based on an unusual distinction between two contrasted kinds of political competition and political status: (1) antagonistic competition, in quest of dominance (antagonistic status), a zero-sum, self-limiting game whose stake--who takes what, when, how--summarizes a classical definition of politics (Lasswell 1936), and (2) synergistic competition, in quest of merit (synergistic status), a positive-sum, self-reinforcing game whose stake becomes "who brings what to a team's common good." In this view, Rawls's (1971) famous virtual "veil of ignorance" mainly conceals politics' antagonistic stakes so as to devise the principles of a just, egalitarian society, yet without providing any means to enforce these ideals (Sen 2009). Instead, this paper proposes that human uniqueness flourished under a real "adapted veil of ignorance" concealing the steady inflation of synergistic politics which resulted from early humans' sturdy egalitarianism. This proposition divides into four parts: (1) early humans first stumbled on a purely cultural means to enforce a unique kind of within-team antagonistic equality--dyadic balanced deterrence thanks to handheld weapons (Chapais 2008); (2) this cultural innovation is thus closely tied to humans' darkest side, but it also launched the cumulative evolution of humans' brightest qualities--egalitarian team synergy and solidarity, together with the associated synergistic intelligence, culture, and communications; (3) runaway synergistic competition for differential merit among antagonistically equal obligate teammates is the single politically selective mechanism behind the cumulative evolution of all these brighter qualities, but numerous factors to be clarified here conceal this mighty evolutionary driver; (4) this veil of ignorance persists today, which explains why humans' unique prosocial capacities are still not clearly understood by science. The purpose of this paper is to start lifting

Lessons in Equality: From Ignorant Schoolmaster to Chinese Aesthetics

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Ernest Ženko

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The postponement of equality is not only a recurring topic in Jacques Rancière’s writings, but also the most defining feature of modern Chinese aesthetics. Particularly in the period after 1980’s, when the country opened its doors to Western ideas, Chinese aesthetics extensively played a subordinate role in an imbalanced knowledge transfer, in which structural inequality was only reinforced. Aesthetics in China plays an important role and is expected not only to interpret literature and art, but also to help building a harmonious society within globalized world. This is the reason why some commentators – Wang Jianjiang being one of them – point out that it is of utmost importance to eliminate this imbalance and develop proper Chinese aesthetics. Since the key issue in this development is the problem of inequality, an approach developed by Jacques Rancière, “the philosopher of equality”, is proposed. Even though Rancière wrote extensively about literature, art and aesthetics, in order to confront the problem of Chinese aesthetics, it seems that a different approach, found in his repertoire, could prove to be more fruitful. In 1987, he published a book titled The Ignorant Schoolmaster, which contributed to his ongoing philosophical emancipatory project, and focused on inequality and its conditions in the realm of education. The Ignorant Schoolmaster, nonetheless, stretches far beyond the walls of classroom or even educational system, and brings to the fore political implications that cluster around the fundamental core of Rancière's political philosophy: the definition of politics as the verification of the presupposition of the equality of intelligence. Equality cannot be postponed as a goal to be only attained in the future and, therefore, has to be considered as a premise of egalitarian politics that needs to operate as a presupposition.   Article received: May 21, 2017; Article accepted: May 28, 2017; Published online

Regionalizing indicators for marine ecosystems: Bering Sea–Aleutian Island seabirds, climate, and competitors

Science.gov (United States)

Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann; Piatt, John F.; García-Reyes, Marisol; Zador, Stephani; Williams, Jeffrey C.; Romano, Marc; Renner, Heather

2017-01-01

Seabirds are thought to be reliable, real-time indicators of forage fish availability and the climatic and biotic factors affecting pelagic food webs in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that temporal trends and interannual variability in seabird indicators reflect simultaneously occurring bottom-up (climatic) and competitor (pink salmon) forcing of food webs. To test this hypothesis, we derived multivariate seabird indicators for the Bering Sea–Aleutian Island (BSAI) ecosystem and related them to physical and biological conditions known to affect pelagic food webs in the ecosystem. We examined covariance in the breeding biology of congeneric pelagic gulls (kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and R. brevirostris) andauks (murres Uria aalge and U. lomvia), all of whichare abundant and well-studiedinthe BSAI. At the large ecosystem scale, kittiwake and murre breeding success and phenology (hatch dates) covaried among congeners, so data could be combined using multivariate techniques, but patterns of responsedifferedsubstantially betweenthe genera.Whiledata fromall sites (n = 5)inthe ecosystemcould be combined, the south eastern Bering Sea shelf colonies (St. George, St. Paul, and Cape Peirce) provided the strongest loadings on indicators, and hence had the strongest influence on modes of variability. The kittiwake breeding success mode of variability, dominated by biennial variation, was significantly related to both climatic factors and potential competitor interactions. The murre indicator mode was interannual and only weakly related to the climatic factors measured. The kittiwake phenology indicator mode of variability showed multi-year periods (“stanzas”) of late or early breeding, while the murre phenology indicator showed a trend towards earlier timing. Ocean climate relationships with the kittiwake breeding success indicator suggestthat early-season (winter–spring) environmental conditions and the abundance of pink salmon affect the

Encadrement des produits et des procédés : réglementation et normalisation du commerce international

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Morin Odile

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Produits et procédés sont encadrés à la fois par des réglementations et, à un autre niveau, par des normes du commerce international. Cette présentation traite des textes réglementaires au niveau communautaire et national. On rappellera que l’entrée en vigueur d’un règlement européen est suivie d’une transposition dans le droit de chaque pays membre et que la réglementation nationale s’applique en l’absence de dispositions communautaires. En matière de commerce international, seront évoquées les actions de normalisation du Conseil Oléicole International (COI pour les huiles d’olive et de grignons d’olive et celles du Codex Alimentarius pour les huiles et graisses comestibles. L’ensemble des dispositions réglementaires constitue un cadre englobant les productions de l’amont vers l’aval, à la fois sur un plan vertical (oléagineux, huiles et corps gras, huiles d’olive, margarines, procédés de raffinage et transversalement (composés organiques volatils, OGM, solvants d’extraction, additifs, contaminants…. Le cas de l’huile d’olive est particulier en ce qu’il bénéficie d’un encadrement au niveau international (normes commerciales COI et Codex Alimentarius, européen et national (réglementation. Le Codex Alimentarius, quant à lui, établit des normes à caractère vertical (huiles végétales, graisses animales, huiles d’olive, matières grasses tartinables… et horizontal (additifs, résidus de pesticides…. L’essentiel de cet encadrement est résumé dans les tableaux qui illustrent cette contribution.

Landscape-level movement patterns by lions in western Serengeti: comparing the influence of inter-specific competitors, habitat attributes and prey availability.

Science.gov (United States)

Kittle, Andrew M; Bukombe, John K; Sinclair, Anthony R E; Mduma, Simon A R; Fryxell, John M

2016-01-01

Where apex predators move on the landscape influences ecosystem structure and function and is therefore key to effective landscape-level management and species-specific conservation. However the factors underlying predator distribution patterns within functional ecosystems are poorly understood. Predator movement should be sensitive to the spatial patterns of inter-specific competitors, spatial variation in prey density, and landscape attributes that increase individual prey vulnerability. We investigated the relative role of these fundamental factors on seasonal resource utilization by a globally endangered apex carnivore, the African lion (Panthera leo) in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park. Lion space use was represented by novel landscape-level, modified utilization distributions (termed "localized density distributions") created from telemetry relocations of individual lions from multiple neighbouring prides. Spatial patterns of inter-specific competitors were similarly determined from telemetry re-locations of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), this system's primary competitor for lions; prey distribution was derived from 18 months of detailed census data; and remote sensing data was used to represent relevant habitat attributes. Lion space use was consistently influenced by landscape attributes that increase individual prey vulnerability to predation. Wet season activity, when available prey were scarce, was concentrated near embankments, which provide ambush opportunities, and dry season activity, when available prey were abundant, near remaining water sources where prey occurrence is predictable. Lion space use patterns were positively associated with areas of high prey biomass, but only in the prey abundant dry season. Finally, at the broad scale of this analysis, lion and hyena space use was positively correlated in the comparatively prey-rich dry season and unrelated in the wet season, suggesting lion movement was unconstrained by the spatial patterns

Resolving task rule incongruence during task switching by competitor rule suppression.

Science.gov (United States)

Meiran, Nachshon; Hsieh, Shulan; Dimov, Eduard

2010-07-01

Task switching requires maintaining readiness to execute any task of a given set of tasks. However, when tasks switch, the readiness to execute the now-irrelevant task generates interference, as seen in the task rule incongruence effect. Overcoming such interference requires fine-tuned inhibition that impairs task readiness only minimally. In an experiment involving 2 object classification tasks and 2 location classification tasks, the authors show that irrelevant task rules that generate response conflicts are inhibited. This competitor rule suppression (CRS) is seen in response slowing in subsequent trials, when the competing rules become relevant. CRS is shown to operate on specific rules without affecting similar rules. CRS and backward inhibition, which is another inhibitory phenomenon, produced additive effects on reaction time, suggesting their mutual independence. Implications for current formal theories of task switching as well as for conflict monitoring theories are discussed. (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved

Injury and illness sustained by human competitors in the 2010 iditarod sled dog race.

Science.gov (United States)

Gallea, James W; Higgins, George L; Germann, Carl A; Strout, Tania D

2014-07-01

Alaska's 1049-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is the world's longest sled dog race and the flagship event in the sport of sled dog racing. Race conditions are typically harsh. Physicians are not officially enlisted to care for human competitors. Instead, medical needs are met through an informal system of volunteers, local health care providers, and a fleet of bush planes. The goals of this study were to identify the types of human injury and illness experienced and the methods by which these conditions are treated. Competitors in the 2010 Iditarod were surveyed at the halfway point and at the finish of the race. Survey elements included specific types and frequencies of injuries and illnesses, and the sources and types of treatments. Seventy-one teams entered the race, 62 participated in the halfway point survey, and 55 completed the finish line survey. Ninety-nine injuries were reported by 42 (68%) of the survey respondents. Frostbite was the most common injury, occurring in 20 (31%) of the respondents. Musculoskeletal pain was also commonly reported. Two mushers sustained closed head injuries, with 1 requiring evacuation. Twenty-three mushers (37%) reported an acute nontraumatic condition, most frequently an upper respiratory infection (9 respondents). In most instances, medical conditions were self-managed. Race veterinarians and support staff, as well as local village clinicians, administered the majority of care, typically wound care or oral antibiotic administration. Most injuries and illnesses sustained by mushers in the Iditarod are minor and self-treatable. Life-threatening conditions are rare, and the need for an organized medical care system seems low. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessing Niche Separation among Coexisting Limnohabitans Strains through Interactions with a Competitor, Viruses, and a Bacterivore ▿

OpenAIRE

Šimek, Karel; Kasalický, Vojtěch; Horňák, Karel; Hahn, Martin W.; Weinbauer, Markus G.

2009-01-01

We investigated potential niche separation in two closely related (99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) syntopic bacterial strains affiliated with the R-BT065 cluster, which represents a subgroup of the genus Limnohabitans. The two strains, designated B4 and D5, were isolated concurrently from a freshwater reservoir. Differences between the strains were examined through monitoring interactions with a bacterial competitor, Flectobacillus sp. (FL), and virus- and predator-induced mortality....

Mathematical Practice as Sculpture of Utopia: Models, Ignorance, and the Emancipated Spectator

Science.gov (United States)

Appelbaum, Peter

2012-01-01

This article uses Ranciere's notion of the ignorant schoolmaster and McElheny's differentiation of artist's models from those of the architect and scientist to propose the reconceptualization of mathematics education as the support of emancipated spectators and sculptors of utopia.

Issues ignored in laboratory quality surveillance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zeng Jing; Li Xingyuan; Zhang Tingsheng

2008-01-01

According to the work requirement of the related laboratory quality surveillance in ISO17025, this paper analyzed and discussed the issued ignored in the laboratory quality surveillance. In order to solve the present problem, it is required to understand the work responsibility in the quality surveillance correctly, to establish the effective working routine in the quality surveillance, and to conduct, the quality surveillance work. The object in the quality surveillance shall be 'the operator' who engaged in the examination/calibration directly in the laboratory, especially the personnel in training (who is engaged in the examination/calibration). The quality supervisors shall be fully authorized, so that they can correctly understand the work responsibility in quality surveillance, and are with the rights for 'full supervision'. The laboratory also shall arrange necessary training to the quality supervisor, so that they can obtain sufficient guide in time and are with required qualification or occupation prerequisites. (authors)

Mes chers collègues, les moines, ou le partage de l’ignorance

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Laurence Caillet

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Mes chers collègues, les moines, ou le partage de l’ignorance. Aucun statut ne m’a autant étonnée que celui de collègue qui me fut conféré par les moines du Grand monastère de l’Est, à Nara. Après avoir testé mes connaissances en matière de rituel, ces moines fort savants manifestèrent en effet, avec ostentation, leur ignorance. Pointant pour moi des détails liturgiques qu’ils tenaient pour incompréhensibles, ils prirent un plaisir évident à bavarder histoire et théologie, comme si je pouvais apporter quoi que ce soit. Cette mise en scène du caractère incompréhensible du rituel soulignait le caractère ineffable de cérémonies jadis accomplies au ciel par des entités supérieures. Je fournissais prétexte à décrire la vanité de l’érudition face à l’accomplissement des mystères et aussi l’importance de cette érudition pour renouer avec un sens originel irrémédiablement inconnaissable.My dear colleagues the monks, or the sharing of ignorance. No status has ever surprised me as much as that of “colleague” conferred on me by the monks of the Great Eastern Monastery of Nara. After testing my knowledge of ritual, these very learned monks made great show of their ignorance. Drawing my attention to liturgical details that they held to be incomprehensible, they took obvious pleasure in chatting about history and theology, as if I were capable of making the slightest contribution. This staging of the impenetrable nature of the ritual highlighted the ineffable character of the ceremonies performed in heaven long ago by superior beings. I provided a convenient pretext for describing the vanity of erudition in the face of the accomplishment of the mysteries, and also the importance of this erudition for renewing an original, irreparably unknowable meaning.

Termination of nanoscale zero-valent iron reactivity by addition of bromate as a reducing reactivity competitor

Science.gov (United States)

Mines, Paul D.; Kaarsholm, Kamilla M. S.; Droumpali, Ariadni; Andersen, Henrik R.; Lee, Wontae; Hwang, Yuhoon

2017-09-01

Remediation of contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is widely becoming a leading environmentally friendly solution throughout the globe. Since a wide range of various nZVI-containing materials have been developed for effective remediation, it is necessary to determine an appropriate way to terminate the reactivity of any nZVI-containing material for a practical experimental procedure. In this study, bimetallic Ni/Fe-NPs were prepared to enhance overall reduction kinetics owing to the catalytic reactivity of nickel on the surface of nZVI. We have tested several chemical strategies in order to terminate nZVI reactivity without altering the concentration of volatile compounds in the solution. The strategies include surface passivation in alkaline conditions by addition of carbonate, and consumption of nZVI by a reaction competitor. Four halogenated chemicals, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, atrazine, and 4-chlorophenol, were selected and tested as model groundwater contaminants. Addition of carbonate to passivate the nZVI surface was not effective for trichloroethylene. Nitrate and then bromate were applied to competitively consume nZVI by their faster reduction kinetics. Bromate proved to be more effective than nitrate, subsequently terminating nZVI reactivity for all four of the tested halogenated compounds. Furthermore, the suggested termination method using bromate was successfully applied to obtain trichloroethylene reduction kinetics. Herein, we report the simple and effective method to terminate the reactivity of nZVI by addition of a reducing reactivity competitor.

Methods for acquiring data on terrain geomorphology, course geometry and kinematics of competitors' runs in alpine skiing: a historical review.

Science.gov (United States)

Erdmann, Włodzimierz S; Giovanis, Vassilis; Aschenbrenner, Piotr; Kiriakis, Vaios; Suchanowski, Andrzej

2017-01-01

This paper aims at the description and comparison of methods of topographic analysis of racing courses at all disciplines of alpine skiing sports for the purposes of obtaining: terrain geomorphology (snowless and with snow), course geometry, and competitors' runs. The review presents specific methods and instruments according to the order of their historical appearance as follows: (1) azimuth method with the use of a compass, tape and goniometer instruments; (2) optical method with geodetic theodolite, laser and photocells; (3) triangulation method with the aid of a tape and goniometer; (4) image method with the use of video cameras; (5) differential global positioning system and carrier phase global positioning system methods. Described methods were used at homologation procedure, at training sessions, during competitions of local level and during International Ski Federation World Championships or World Cups. Some methods were used together. In order to provide detailed data on course setting and skiers' running it is recommended to analyse course geometry and kinematics data of competitors' running for all important competitions.

Simulació d'un procés industrial de cristallització de clorur de sodi (NaCl i aplicacions

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Josefina Renedo Omaechevarría

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La cristal·lització a partir de dissolucions és important industrialment  donada la gran varietat de substàncies que es comercialitzen  cristal·litzades. Per millorar el procés  d’ensenyament-aprenentatge d’aquesta “Operació Bàsica”, en aquest treball, realitzat com a Treball de Fi de Carrera de la titulació  d’ Enginyeria Química, s’ha  desenvolupat un programa de simulació d’una cristal·lització industrial de NaCl.  L’objectiu ha sigut manejar  eines de càlcul  per simular  i optimitzar una cristal·lització, la qual cosa permet conèixer més profundament el procés de la cristal·lització i la utilització de les eines de càlcul, és a dir, utilitzar simultàniament els coneixements adquirits en les assignatures de Operacions amb Sòlid  i la de Simulació i Optimització de Processos. L’objectiu últim de l’ús d’aquest programa de simulació és que els estudiants de l’assignatura optativa Operacions  amb Sòlids del Grau en Enginyeria Química puguin fer servir aquest recurs a l’aula. Amb el programa utilitzat, en llenguatge Fortran, obtenim, d’una manera ràpida i eficaç, la velocitat de creixement dels cristalls G i la velocitat de nucleació B. Un cop calculats els valors de G i B, es pot programar una cristal·lització per obtenir  la distribució de tamany de cristall (DTC desitjat. Per últim s´han determinat els valors dels paràmetres cinètiques de B0.

Design, Implementation, and Improvement of a Methodology for Strategic Planning for Small and Medium Companies, Based on the Imaginary Construction of Concurrent Competitors

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Nelson Santos Machado

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This article shows the results of five (5 research studies carried out in the western extreme of Santa Catarina, financed with the resources of the Fund to Support Research at the Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina – Unoesc or by participating companies. Such research had as its central objective the construction, application, and improvement of a strategic planning methodology adjusted to small and medium enterprises, for which conventional methods have proved to have complex, expensive, and questionable results. Having as reference Fahey (2003, we inserted the construction of an imaginary competitor-like tool of analysis of external and internal environments, as well as the establishment of strategies and actions for the company itself, in a time horizon, which acquires features of a fictitious competitor. The methodological procedures are qualitative, the design is the case study, with the adoption of action research in collecting and interpreting data, and research subjects were employees. The surveys were conducted between 2004 and 2010 in firms of service, commercial, and industrial sectors. As result, this methodology demonstrated applicability and feasibility, being able to be adopted by other companies of similar size and characteristics of those tested empirically. The main advantages are the creative process that involves the construction of an imaginary competitor, the participatory nature and of the use of action research, as well as the attachment that focuses on quality choices based on the experiences of the participants, rather than in statistical series, although they are used.

Ignoring Memory Hints: The Stubborn Influence of Environmental Cues on Recognition Memory

Science.gov (United States)

Selmeczy, Diana; Dobbins, Ian G.

2017-01-01

Recognition judgments can benefit from the use of environmental cues that signal the general likelihood of encountering familiar versus unfamiliar stimuli. While incorporating such cues is often adaptive, there are circumstances (e.g., eyewitness testimony) in which observers should fully ignore environmental cues in order to preserve memory…

Un procédé de validation des métamodèles par les métadonnées

OpenAIRE

Plantec , Alain; Ribaud , Vincent

2005-01-01

International audience; La norme STEP a pour objet de standardiser des modèles de données par métier. Ce standard a développé un procédé de validation de la conformité des modèles dans lequel l'instanciation est un composant essentiel : un modèle est valide si un ensemble d'instances conformes au modèle est jugé sémantiquement correct par un expert du domaine. Appliqué à la métamodélisation, cette approche permet de construire et de valider les métamodèles par ranements successifs. Cette méth...

Illiteracy, Ignorance, and Willingness to Quit Smoking among Villagers in India

Science.gov (United States)

Gorty, Prasad V. S. N. R.; Allam, Apparao

1992-01-01

During the field work to control oral cancer, difficulty in communication was encountered with illiterates. A study to define the role of illiteracy, ignorance and willingness to quit smoking among the villagers was undertaken in a rural area surrounding Doddipatla Village, A.P., India. Out of a total population of 3,550, 272 (7.7%) persons, mostly in the age range of 21–50 years, attended a cancer detection camp. There were 173 (63.6%) females and 99 (36.4%) males, among whom 66 (M53 + F13) were smokers; 36.4% of males and 63% of females were illiterate. Among the illiterates, it was observed that smoking rate was high (56%) and 47.7% were ignorant of health effects of smoking. The attitude of illiterate smokers was encouraging, as 83.6% were willing to quit smoking. Further research is necessary to design health education material for 413.5 million illiterates living in India (1991 Indian Census). A community health worker, trained in the use of mass media coupled with a person‐to‐person approach, may help the smoker to quit smoking. PMID:1506267

Cross-modal selective attention: on the difficulty of ignoring sounds at the locus of visual attention.

Science.gov (United States)

Spence, C; Ranson, J; Driver, J

2000-02-01

In three experiments, we investigated whether the ease with which distracting sounds can be ignored depends on their distance from fixation and from attended visual events. In the first experiment, participants shadowed an auditory stream of words presented behind their heads, while simultaneously fixating visual lip-read information consistent with the relevant auditory stream, or meaningless "chewing" lip movements. An irrelevant auditory stream of words, which participants had to ignore, was presented either from the same side as the fixated visual stream or from the opposite side. Selective shadowing was less accurate in the former condition, implying that distracting sounds are harder to ignore when fixated. Furthermore, the impairment when fixating toward distractor sounds was greater when speaking lips were fixated than when chewing lips were fixated, suggesting that people find it particularly difficult to ignore sounds at locations that are actively attended for visual lipreading rather than merely passively fixated. Experiments 2 and 3 tested whether these results are specific to cross-modal links in speech perception by replacing the visual lip movements with a rapidly changing stream of meaningless visual shapes. The auditory task was again shadowing, but the active visual task was now monitoring for a specific visual shape at one location. A decrement in shadowing was again observed when participants passively fixated toward the irrelevant auditory stream. This decrement was larger when participants performed a difficult active visual task there versus fixating, but not for a less demanding visual task versus fixation. The implications for cross-modal links in spatial attention are discussed.

Monitoring VET Systems of Major EU Competitor Countries - The Cases of Australia, Canada, U.S.A. and Japan

OpenAIRE

Ruth, Klaus

2009-01-01

The study on VET systems of major EU competitor countries is based on the objective of the (revised) Lisbon agenda to become the most competitive region of the world based on a knowledge driven production and social cohesion. Building on experts opinion and literature research this study aims at monitoring VET policies in Australia, Canada, the U.S. and Japan. The study analyses five themes which are assumed to be of outstanding importance for understanding the current performance and the dev...

Hydrological Modeling of Watersheds Using the Only Corresponding Competitor Method: The Case of M'Zab Basin, South East Algeria

OpenAIRE

Oulad Naoui Noureddine; Cherif ELAmine; Djehiche Abdelkader

2017-01-01

Water resources management includes several disciplines; the modeling of rainfall-runoff relationship is the most important discipline to prevent natural risks. There are several models to study rainfall-runoff relationship in watersheds. However, the majority of these models are not applicable in all basins of the world. In this study, a new stochastic method called The Only Corresponding Competitor method (OCC) was used for the hydrological modeling of M’ZAB Watershed (South East of Alge...

Development and empirical validation of symmetric component measures of multidimensional constructs: customer and competitor orientation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sørensen, Hans Eibe; Slater, Stanley F

2008-08-01

Atheoretical measure purification may lead to construct deficient measures. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretically driven procedure for the development and empirical validation of symmetric component measures of multidimensional constructs. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a formalized three-step procedure for achieving a posteriori content validity. Then the procedure is applied to development and empirical validation of two symmetrical component measures of market orientation, customer orientation and competitor orientation. Analysis suggests that average variance extracted is particularly critical to reliability in the respecification of multi-indicator measures. In relation to this, the results also identify possible deficiencies in using Cronbach alpha for establishing reliable and valid measures.

The trust game behind the veil of ignorance: A note on gender differences

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vyrastekova, J.; Onderstal, S.

2008-01-01

We analyze gender differences in the trust game in a "behind the veil of ignorance" design. This method yields strategies that are consistent with actions observed in the classical trust game experiments. We observe that, on average, men and women do not differ in "trust", and that women are

Ignoring the Obvious: Combined Arms and Fire and Maneuver Tactics Prior to World War I

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bruno, Thomas

2002-01-01

The armies that entered WWI ignored many pre-war lessons though WWI armies later developed revolutionary tactical-level advances, scholars claim that this tactical evolution followed an earlier period...

On the perpetuation of ignorance: system dependence, system justification, and the motivated avoidance of sociopolitical information.

Science.gov (United States)

Shepherd, Steven; Kay, Aaron C

2012-02-01

How do people cope when they feel uninformed or unable to understand important social issues, such as the environment, energy concerns, or the economy? Do they seek out information, or do they simply ignore the threatening issue at hand? One would intuitively expect that a lack of knowledge would motivate an increased, unbiased search for information, thereby facilitating participation and engagement in these issues-especially when they are consequential, pressing, and self-relevant. However, there appears to be a discrepancy between the importance/self-relevance of social issues and people's willingness to engage with and learn about them. Leveraging the literature on system justification theory (Jost & Banaji, 1994), the authors hypothesized that, rather than motivating an increased search for information, a lack of knowledge about a specific sociopolitical issue will (a) foster feelings of dependence on the government, which will (b) increase system justification and government trust, which will (c) increase desires to avoid learning about the relevant issue when information is negative or when information valence is unknown. In other words, the authors suggest that ignorance-as a function of the system justifying tendencies it may activate-may, ironically, breed more ignorance. In the contexts of energy, environmental, and economic issues, the authors present 5 studies that (a) provide evidence for this specific psychological chain (i.e., ignorance about an issue → dependence → government trust → avoidance of information about that issue); (b) shed light on the role of threat and motivation in driving the second and third links in this chain; and (c) illustrate the unfortunate consequences of this process for individual action in those contexts that may need it most.

Happy and Unhappy Competitors: What Makes the Difference?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márta Fülöp

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Interpersonal competition is present in all arenas of our life, i.e. within the family, in school, among peers, in the workplace, and in the sports ground. Competition can be an immensely joyful, exciting, and motivating experience that contributes to goal attainment, self-evaluation, development and improvement of the individual, the competing parties, the group and the society. However, it can also be an anxiety provoking, stressful, and exhausting negative experience that leads to interpersonal conflicts and has destructive consequences individually, to the group and ultimately to the society. Competition can be a friendly process in which the competitive parties mutually motivate and improve each other, but can also be a desperate fight full of aggression among the competitors who consider each other enemy. The result of competition can be winning or losing. Winning typically evokes positive emotions like happiness, satisfaction, and pride, but sometimes negative emotions emerge like guilt or embarrassment. Losing, as a potential result of competition, may result in sadness, disappointment, frustration, anger, shame, but can have positive consequences like learning about the self, realizing strengths and weaknesses and increased motivation for the future. There is not "one" competitive process. Competition can take qualitatively different forms and patterns that are determined by individual, situational and cultural factors. The paper will examine the factors that can be decisive in this respect: i.e., the characteristics of the competitive situation and the characteristics of the competing person. These situational and personality requirements will be further examined from a cultural perspective, taking examples from East-Asia (Japan, from North America (Canada and from Europe (Hungary.

The Trust Game Behind the Veil of Ignorance : A Note on Gender Differences

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vyrastekova, J.; Onderstal, A.M.

2005-01-01

We analyse gender differences in the trust game in a "behind the veil of ignorance" design.This method yields strategies that are consistent with actions observed in the classical trust game experiments.We observe that, on averge, men and women do not differ in "trust", and that women are slightly

Geographies of knowing, geographies of ignorance: jumping scale in Southeast Asia

OpenAIRE

van Schendel, W.

2002-01-01

'Area studies' use a geographical metaphor to visualise and naturalise particular social spaces as well as a particular scale of analysis. They produce specific geographies of knowing but also create geographies of ignorance. Taking Southeast Asia as an example, in this paper I explore how areas are imagined and how area knowledge is structured to construct area 'heartlands' as well as area `borderlands'. This is illustrated by considering a large region of Asia (here named Zomiatf) that did ...

Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors in the wine-making branch

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Radka Šperková

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The analysis of the rivalry among existing competitors in the wine-making branch is the aim of this paper. On the whole, the rivalry among existing companies in the wine-making branch may be described as intensive. When evaluating the level of intensity of rivalry among existing businesses in the branch, it is necessary to take into consideration their size and market share. Among first ten most significant companies on the market (84% market share there is intensive competing. Individual companies use all their tangible and intangible means in order to extend their share and attract new clients. The aim of this competing is to strengthen the clients’ trust in given brands, and it is about efforts to obtain the best positions possible for negotiations of wine distribution, mainly to chain stores, which requires favorable price quotes. The other group of subjects operating in this branch is formed mainly by small producers (16% market share. Given their small size, they are unable to effectively use the economy of scale, they do not make too big profit, and so they do not have enough finances for intensive competing.

The importance of ignoring: Alpha oscillations protect selectivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Payne, Lisa; Sekuler, Robert

2014-06-01

Selective attention is often thought to entail an enhancement of some task-relevant stimulus or attribute. We discuss the perspective that ignoring irrelevant, distracting information plays a complementary role in information processing. Cortical oscillations within the alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency band have emerged as a marker of sensory suppression. This suppression is linked to selective attention for visual, auditory, somatic, and verbal stimuli. Inhibiting processing of irrelevant input makes responses more accurate and timely. It also helps protect material held in short-term memory against disruption. Furthermore, this selective process keeps irrelevant information from distorting the fidelity of memories. Memory is only as good as the perceptual representations on which it is based, and on whose maintenance it depends. Modulation of alpha oscillations can be exploited as an active, purposeful mechanism to help people pay attention and remember the things that matter.

Growth Modeling with Non-Ignorable Dropout: Alternative Analyses of the STAR*D Antidepressant Trial

Science.gov (United States)

Muthén, Bengt; Asparouhov, Tihomir; Hunter, Aimee; Leuchter, Andrew

2011-01-01

This paper uses a general latent variable framework to study a series of models for non-ignorable missingness due to dropout. Non-ignorable missing data modeling acknowledges that missingness may depend on not only covariates and observed outcomes at previous time points as with the standard missing at random (MAR) assumption, but also on latent variables such as values that would have been observed (missing outcomes), developmental trends (growth factors), and qualitatively different types of development (latent trajectory classes). These alternative predictors of missing data can be explored in a general latent variable framework using the Mplus program. A flexible new model uses an extended pattern-mixture approach where missingness is a function of latent dropout classes in combination with growth mixture modeling using latent trajectory classes. A new selection model allows not only an influence of the outcomes on missingness, but allows this influence to vary across latent trajectory classes. Recommendations are given for choosing models. The missing data models are applied to longitudinal data from STAR*D, the largest antidepressant clinical trial in the U.S. to date. Despite the importance of this trial, STAR*D growth model analyses using non-ignorable missing data techniques have not been explored until now. The STAR*D data are shown to feature distinct trajectory classes, including a low class corresponding to substantial improvement in depression, a minority class with a U-shaped curve corresponding to transient improvement, and a high class corresponding to no improvement. The analyses provide a new way to assess drug efficiency in the presence of dropout. PMID:21381817

Aprenentatge cooperatiu interdisciplinari i rúbriques per a la millora del procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa

2016-06-01

Full Text Available L'adaptació dels títols a l'Espai Europeu d'Educació Superior (EEES suposa l'ocasió de millorar l'educació integral dels alumnes, orientant les accions docents cap al desenvolupament de competències. L'adquisició de competències exigeix la incorporació de metodologies docents actives que permetin la generació enfront de la mera transmissió de coneixements. Així mateix, nombrosos estudis adverteixen de l'escassa transferència existent en els coneixements tractats en les assignatures quan es consideren de manera individual. El treball interdisciplinari constitueix una valuosa eina perquè els estudiants facin connexions, plantegin i trobin respostes a situacions problemàtiques i ajustin el seu aprenentatge a un coneixement integral. Pel que s'ha vist la necessitat de desenvolupar, en el currículum formatiu de l'alumne, aproximacions interdisciplinàries.Tenint en compte aquests aspectes, s'ha realitzat una experiència d'innovació docent universitària de caràcter interdisciplinari en la qual s'integren els continguts i competències de diverses assignatures per abordar el procés de solució de problemes econòmics. S'ha treballat la interdisciplinaritat amb tècniques d'aprenentatge cooperatiu. La interacció d’aquests aspectes és la raó por la quual hem denominat a l'experiència “Aprenentatge Cooperatiu Interdisciplinari” (ACI. L'avaluació de l'aprenentatge es realitza de forma individual, (mitjançant heteroevaluació i coevaluació, i grupal, (mitjançant rúbriques i coevaluació.Els resultats mostren diversos aspectes: 1 La metodologia ACI no solament permet formar en continguts sinó també en competències. 2 La interconnexió entre assignatures ha permès que els alumnes ajuste n els seus aprenentatges cap a un coneixement més integral. 3 La unió de les diferents innovacions docents ha repercutit positivament en la motivació de l'alumnat. 4 S'han assolit resultats d'aprenentatge positius en l'alumnat, majors

The Capital Costs Conundrum: Why Are Capital Costs Ignored and What Are the Consequences?

Science.gov (United States)

Winston, Gordon C.

1993-01-01

Colleges and universities historically have ignored the capital costs associated with institutional administration in their estimates of overall and per-student costs. This neglect leads to distortion of data, misunderstandings, and uninformed decision making. The real costs should be recognized in institutional accounting. (MSE)

Monitoring your friends, not your foes: strategic ignorance and the delegation of real authority

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dominguez-Martinez, S.; Sloof, R.; von Siemens, F.

2010-01-01

In this laboratory experiment we study the use of strategic ignorance to delegate real authority within a firm. A worker can gather information on investment projects, while a manager makes the implementation decision. The manager can monitor the worker. This allows her to better exploit the

Choosing Fighting Competitors Among Men: Testosterone, Personality, and Motivations.

Science.gov (United States)

Borráz-León, Javier I; Cerda-Molina, Ana Lilia; Rantala, Markus J; Mayagoitia-Novales, Lilian

2018-01-01

Higher testosterone levels have been positively related to a variety of social behaviors and personality traits associated with intrasexual competition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of testosterone levels and personality traits such as aggressiveness, competitiveness, and self-esteem on the task of choosing a fighting competitor (a rival) with or without a motivation to fight. In Study 1, a group of 119 men participated in a task for choosing a rival through pictures of men with high-dominant masculinity versus low-dominant masculinity. Participants completed three personality questionnaires and donated two saliva samples (pre-test and post-test sample) to quantify their testosterone levels. We found that the probability of choosing high-dominant masculine men as rivals increased with higher aggressiveness scores. In Study 2, the task of choosing rivals was accompanied by motivations to fight (pictures of women with high or low waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). In this context, we observed that the probability of choosing dominant masculine men as rivals depended on the WHR of the women. Overall, average levels of post-test testosterone, aggressiveness, and high self-esteem increased the probability to fight for women with low WHR independently of the dominance masculinity of the rivals. Our results indicate that human decisions, in the context of intrasexual competition and mate choice, are regulated by physiological and psychological mechanisms allowing men to increase their biological fitness. We discuss our results in the light of the plasticity of human behavior according to biological and environmental forces.

The Graduate Pedagogical Process in the Comprehensive General Medicine Specialization: towards a Practice based on the Cultural-historical Approach to Human Development

OpenAIRE

Ana Teresa Fernández Vidal; José Aurelio Díaz Quiñones; Silvia Enrique Vilaplana

2016-01-01

Cuban educators conceive programs and processes using the cultural-historical approach to human development, since this is the theory that, thanks to its founder Lev Semiónovich Vygotsky, could overcome the approaches that fragmented the analysis and understanding of the human development. Such currents of thought hyperbolized the different conditioning factors of this development and ignored the dialectical relationship between them in terms of personality formation and development, its proc...

Big data-driven business how to use big data to win customers, beat competitors, and boost profits

CERN Document Server

Glass, Russell

2014-01-01

Get the expert perspective and practical advice on big data The Big Data-Driven Business: How to Use Big Data to Win Customers, Beat Competitors, and Boost Profits makes the case that big data is for real, and more than just big hype. The book uses real-life examples-from Nate Silver to Copernicus, and Apple to Blackberry-to demonstrate how the winners of the future will use big data to seek the truth. Written by a marketing journalist and the CEO of a multi-million-dollar B2B marketing platform that reaches more than 90% of the U.S. business population, this book is a comprehens

Performance Analysis of Compositional and Modified Black-Oil Models For a Gas Lift Process Analyse des performances de modèles black-oil pour le procédé d’extraction par injection de gaz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahmudi M.

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Artificial gas lift is frequently used to boost production rate of mature oil fields. An integrated mathematical model was developed in order to track the spatial and temporal changes in various components of the continuous gas lift process. The computational demand for solving the comprehensive gas lift model highly depends on the thermodynamic treatment of the hydrocarbon fluids involved. A full compositional treatment using an equation of state provides the most accurate results but at a high computational cost. The results of this article showed that the computational cost can be halved without sacrificing accuracy by using reduced parameter stability and flash calculation procedures. It was also demonstrated that a Modified Black-Oil treatment of the fluids can provide reasonable accuracy at a much-reduced computational cost. The Modified Black-Oil treatment provides a valuable tool when the model has to be solved many hundreds of times to find the optimal combination of the gas lift parameters. Les procédés artificiels d’extraction par injection de gaz sont utilisés pour améliorer le taux de récupération des champs pétroliers matures. Un modèle mathématique intégré a été développé pour détecter de faibles changements temporels et spatiaux dans plusieurs composants des procédés continus d’extraction par injection de gaz. La solution numérique utilisée pour résoudre le modèle du procédé d’extraction dépend fortement du comportement thermodynamique des hydrocarbures impliqués. Un traitement complet de la composition utilisant une équation d’état offre les résultats les plus précis, mais à un coût de calcul très élevé. Les résultats de nos travaux de recherche montrent que l’implication des paramètres de stabilité et des procédures de calcul flash, peut diviser par deux le coût du calcul tout en gardant la précision attendue. Ces travaux montrent que la précision admissible peut être �

Intranasal oxytocin impedes the ability to ignore task-irrelevant facial expressions of sadness in students with depressive symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Ellenbogen, Mark A; Linnen, Anne-Marie; Cardoso, Christopher; Joober, Ridha

2013-03-01

The administration of oxytocin promotes prosocial behavior in humans. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown, but it likely involves changes in social information processing. In a randomized placebo-controlled study, we examined the influence of intranasal oxytocin and placebo on the interference control component of inhibition (i.e. ability to ignore task-irrelevant information) in 102 participants using a negative affective priming task with sad, angry, and happy faces. In this task, participants are instructed to respond to a facial expression of emotion while simultaneously ignoring another emotional face. On the subsequent trial, the previously-ignored emotional valence may become the emotional valence of the target face. Inhibition is operationalized as the differential delay between responding to a previously-ignored emotional valence and responding to an emotional valence unrelated to the previous one. Although no main effect of drug administration on inhibition was observed, a drug × depressive symptom interaction (β = -0.25; t = -2.6, p < 0.05) predicted the inhibition of sad faces. Relative to placebo, participants with high depression scores who were administered oxytocin were unable to inhibit the processing of sad faces. There was no relationship between drug administration and inhibition among those with low depression scores. These findings are consistent with increasing evidence that oxytocin alters social information processing in ways that have both positive and negative social outcomes. Because elevated depression scores are associated with an increased risk for major depressive disorder, difficulties inhibiting mood-congruent stimuli following oxytocin administration may be associated with risk for depression. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sarajevo: Politics and Cultures of Remembrance and Ignorance

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Adla Isanović

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This text critically reflects on cultural events organized to mark the 100th anniversary of the start of the First World War in Sarajevo and Bosnia & Herzegovina. It elaborates on disputes which showed that culture is in the centre of identity politics and struggles (which can also take a fascist nationalist form, accept the colonizer’s perspective, etc., on how commemorations ‘swallowed’ the past and present, but primarily contextualizes, historicizes and politicizes Sarajevo 2014 and its politics of visibility. This case is approached as an example and symptomatic of the effects of the current state of capitalism, coloniality, racialization and subjugation, as central to Europe today. Article received: June 2, 2017; Article accepted: June 8, 2017; Published online: October 15, 2017; Original scholarly paper How to cite this article: Isanović, Adla. "Sarajevo: Politics and Cultures of Remembrance and Ignorance." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 14 (2017: 133-144. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i14.199

PRO-C3-levels in patients with HIV/HCV-Co-infection reflect fibrosis stage and degree of portal hypertension

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jansen, Christian; Leeming, Diana J; Mandorfer, Mattias

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND: Liver-related deaths represent the leading cause of mortality among patients with HIV/HCV-co-infection, and are mainly related to complications of fibrosis and portal hypertension. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the structural changes by the assessment of extracellular matrix (ECM......) derived degradation fragments in peripheral blood as biomarkers for fibrosis and portal hypertension in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients (67% male, mean age: 36.5 years) with HIV/HCV-co-infection were included in the study. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG......4M and C5M levels were higher in patients with portal hypertension (HVPG>5 mmHg). CONCLUSION: PRO-C3 levels reflect liver injury, stage of liver fibrosis and degree of portal hypertension in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients. Furthermore, C4M and C5M were associated with increased portal pressure...

Three-Capital Approach to the Study of Young People who Excel in Vocational Occupations: A Case of WorldSkills Competitors and Entrepreneurship

OpenAIRE

Chankseliani, Maia

2016-01-01

This paper examines the entrepreneurial inclinations of young people who achieved excellence in vocational occupations. We propose a three-capital approach to the study of entrepreneurship. Relying on the existing theories and original qualitative and quantitative data analyses, findings from interviews with 30 entrepreneurial and 10 non-entrepreneurial WorldSkills competitors show that psychological capital, social capital and human capital can be combined to explore how young people who exc...

Three-capital approach to the study of young people who excel in vocational occupations: a case of worldSkills competitors and entrepreneurship

OpenAIRE

Chankseliani, Maia; James Relly, Susan

2016-01-01

This paper examines the entrepreneurial inclinations of young people who achieved excellence in vocational occupations. We propose a three-capital approach to the study of entrepreneurship. Relying on the existing theories and original qualitative and quantitative data analyses, findings from interviews with 30 entrepreneurial and 10 non-entrepreneurial WorldSkills competitors show that psychological capital, social capital and human capital can be combined to explore how young people who exc...

Market Orientation and Innovators’ Success: an Exploration of the Influence of Customer and Competitor Orientation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Lewrick

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The concepts of market orientation and innovation and their interrelationship with business success have been explored from a number of perspectives. However, research in this area has not explored the differences between start-up and mature companies. The research study acquired data from over two hundred Chief Operating Officers (CEO’s and Managing Directors from both start-up and mature companies. The results illustrate the differences in both types of company and reveals new insights with regard to market orientation and its constituent elements and its relationship with both incremental and radical innovations. Key research results are that strong competitor orientation, a key ingredient of market orientation, has positive relationship to incremental innovation for start-up companies but it is contra productive for mature companies. In mature organizations a strong customer orientation is associated with radical innovation.

Monitored by your friends, not your foes: Strategic ignorance and the delegation of real authority

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dominguez-Martinez, S.; Sloof, R.; von Siemens, F.

2012-01-01

In this laboratory experiment we study the use of strategic ignorance to delegate real authority within a firm. A worker can gather information on investment projects, while a manager makes the implementation decision. The manager can monitor the worker. This allows her to exploit any information

Burden of Circulatory System Diseases and Ignored Barriers ofKnowledge Translation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamed-Basir Ghafouri

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Circulatory system disease raise third highest disability-adjusted life years among Iranians and ischemic cardiac diseases are main causes for such burden. Despite available evidences on risk factors of the disease, no effective intervention was implemented to control and prevent the disease. This paper non-systematically reviews available literature on the problem, solutions, and barriers of implementation of knowledge translation in Iran. It seems that there are ignored factors such as cultural and motivational issues in knowledge translation interventions but there are hopes for implementation of started projects and preparation of students as next generation of knowledge transferors.

Modélisation du procédé de soudage hybride Arc / Laser par une approche level set application aux toles d'aciers de fortes épaisseurs A level-set approach for the modelling of hybrid arc/laser welding process application for high thickness steel sheets joining

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Desmaison Olivier

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Le procédé de soudage hybride Arc/Laser est une solution aux assemblages difficiles de tôles de fortes épaisseurs. Ce procédé innovant associe deux sources de chaleur : un arc électrique produit par une torche MIG et une source laser placée en amont. Ce couplage améliore le rendement du procédé, la qualité du cordon et les déformations finales. La modélisation de ce procédé par une approche Level Set permet une prédiction du développement du cordon et du champ de température associé. La simulation du soudage multi-passes d'une nuance d'acier 18MnNiMo5 est présentée ici et les résultats sont comparés aux observations expérimentales. The hybrid arc/laser welding process has been developed in order to overcome the difficulties encountered for joining high thickness steel sheets. This innovative process gathers two heat sources: an arc source developed by a MIG torch and a pre-located laser source. This coupling improves the efficiency of the process, the weld bead quality and the final deformations. The Level-Set approach for the modelling of this process enables the prediction of the weld bead development and the temperature field evolution. The simulation of the multi-passes welding of a 18MnNiMo5 steel grade is detailed and the results are compared to the experimental observations.

Prey partitioning and use of insects by juvenile sockeye salmon and a potential competitor, threespine stickleback, in Afognak Lake, Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, Natura; Beaudreau, Anne H.; Wipfli, Mark S.; Finkle, Heather

2017-01-01

Freshwater growth of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) depends upon the quality and quantity of prey and interactions with potential competitors in the foraging environment. To a large extent, knowledge about the ecology of lake-rearing juvenile sockeye salmon has emerged from studies of commercially important runs returning to deep nursery lakes, yet information from shallow nursery lakes (mean depth ≤ 10 m) is limited. We examined seasonal and ontogenetic variation in diets of juvenile sockeye salmon (N = 219, 30–85 mm) and an abundant potential competitor, threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus; N = 198, 42–67 mm), to understand their foraging ecology and potential trophic interactions in a shallow Alaska lake. This study revealed that adult insects made up 74% of all sockeye salmon diets by weight and were present in 98% of all stomachs in Afognak Lake during the summer of 2013. Diets varied temporally for all fishes, but small sockeye salmon (insects in late summer. We found significant differences in diet composition between sockeye salmon and threespine stickleback and the origin of their prey indicated that they also separated their use of habitat on a fine scale; however, the two species showed overlap in size selectivity of zooplankton prey. Considering that aquatic insects can be a primary resource for juvenile sockeye salmon in Afognak Lake, we encourage the development of nursery lake carrying capacity models that include aquatic insects as a prey source for sockeye salmon.

Ignorance of electrosurgery among obstetricians and gynaecologists.

Science.gov (United States)

Mayooran, Zorana; Pearce, Scott; Tsaltas, Jim; Rombauts, Luk; Brown, T Ian H; Lawrence, Anthony S; Fraser, Kym; Healy, David L

2004-12-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of skill of laparoscopic surgeons in electrosurgery. Subjects were asked to complete a practical diathermy station and a written test of electrosurgical knowledge. Tests were held in teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Twenty specialists in obstetrics and gynaecology were randomly selected and tested on the Monash University gynaecological laparoscopic pelvi-trainer. Twelve candidates were consultants with 9-28 years of practice in operative laparoscopy, and 8 were registrars with up to six years of practice in operative laparoscopy. Seven consultants and one registrar were from rural Australia, and three consultants were from New Zealand. Candidates were marked with checklist criteria resulting in a pass/fail score, as well as a weighted scoring system. We retested 11 candidates one year later with the same stations. No improvement in electrosurgery skill in one year of obstetric and gynaecological practice. No candidate successfully completed the written electrosurgery station in the initial test. A slight improvement in the pass rate to 18% was observed in the second test. The pass rate of the diathermy station dropped from 50% to 36% in the second test. The study found ignorance of electrosurgery/diathermy among gynaecological surgeons. One year later, skills were no better.

Hooking up: Gender Differences, Evolution, and Pluralistic Ignorance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chris Reiber

2010-07-01

Full Text Available “Hooking-up” – engaging in no-strings-attached sexual behaviors with uncommitted partners - has become a norm on college campuses, and raises the potential for disease, unintended pregnancy, and physical and psychological trauma. The primacy of sex in the evolutionary process suggests that predictions derived from evolutionary theory may be a useful first step toward understanding these contemporary behaviors. This study assessed the hook-up behaviors and attitudes of 507 college students. As predicted by behavioral-evolutionary theory: men were more comfortable than women with all types of sexual behaviors; women correctly attributed higher comfort levels to men, but overestimated men's actual comfort levels; and men correctly attributed lower comfort levels to women, but still overestimated women's actual comfort levels. Both genders attributed higher comfort levels to same-gendered others, reinforcing a pluralistic ignorance effect that might contribute to the high frequency of hook-up behaviors in spite of the low comfort levels reported and suggesting that hooking up may be a modern form of intrasexual competition between females for potential mates.

Le Procès de Tôkyô, l’empereur et la question du Yasukuni The Tokyo trial, the emperor and the Yasukuni shrine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tetsuya Takahashi

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Au Japon, toute une partie de la classe politique conservatrice persiste à refuser les conclusions du procès de Tôkyô, considérant celui-ci comme une justice « orchestrée par les vainqueurs ». Ce faisant, les partisans de cette thèse se trouvent dans une contradiction puisque l’empereur Hirohito lui-même, qui avait exprimé sa gratitude auprès des forces d’occupation américaines pour l’avoir épargné, en avait de facto admis les conclusions. Ce paradoxe pour le camp conservateur est aggravé par le fait que l’empereur a cessé de se rendre au sanctuaire Yasukuni à partir du moment où les mânes de quatorze haut responsables condamnés comme criminels de guerre lors du procès de Tôkyô y furent transférés sans son accord. Ces contradictions internes à la droite irrédentiste japonaise invite ainsi à envisager le procès de Tôkyô sous un autre jour. Loin d’être une simple « justice de vainqueur », la stratégie américaine fut éminemment bénéfique pour la droite conservatrice : Hirohito n’étant pas traduit en justice, il devenait possible de lui conférer une fonction symbolique par l’article I de la nouvelle Constitution de 1946, ce qui permit à la droite conservatrice de sauver le système impérial et d’assurer une continuité entre l’avant et l’après-guerre.In Japan, a part of the conservative political class continues to deny the conclusions of the Tokyo trial, as a justice “of the victors”. But the proponents of this theory face a contradiction since the Emperor Hirohito himself expressed his gratitude to the American occupation authority (SCAP for not condemning him. Hirohito therefore admitted the conclusions of the trial. The paradox goes even further as the conservative leaders publicize their visit to Yasukuni shrine although the Emperor himself ceased to visit the shrine after top leaders convicted as war criminals at the Tokyo Trial were transferred to the shrine without his

Research on injury compensation and health outcomes: ignoring the problem of reverse causality led to a biased conclusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Spearing, Natalie M; Connelly, Luke B; Nghiem, Hong S; Pobereskin, Louis

2012-11-01

This study highlights the serious consequences of ignoring reverse causality bias in studies on compensation-related factors and health outcomes and demonstrates a technique for resolving this problem of observational data. Data from an English longitudinal study on factors, including claims for compensation, associated with recovery from neck pain (whiplash) after rear-end collisions are used to demonstrate the potential for reverse causality bias. Although it is commonly believed that claiming compensation leads to worse recovery, it is also possible that poor recovery may lead to compensation claims--a point that is seldom considered and never addressed empirically. This pedagogical study compares the association between compensation claiming and recovery when reverse causality bias is ignored and when it is addressed, controlling for the same observable factors. When reverse causality is ignored, claimants appear to have a worse recovery than nonclaimants; however, when reverse causality bias is addressed, claiming compensation appears to have a beneficial effect on recovery, ceteris paribus. To avert biased policy and judicial decisions that might inadvertently disadvantage people with compensable injuries, there is an urgent need for researchers to address reverse causality bias in studies on compensation-related factors and health. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The neo-epitope specific PRO-C3 ELISA measures true formation of type III collagen associated with liver and muscle parameters

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Mette J; Nedergaard, Anders F; Sun, Shu

2013-01-01

AIM: The present study describes the assessment of true formation of type III collagen in different pathologies using a neo-epitope specific competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) towards the N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (PRO-C3). METHODS: The monoclonal antibody...... was raised against the N-protease mediated cleavage site of the N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen and a competitive ELISA was developed using the selected antibody. The assay was evaluated in relation to neo-epitope specificity, technical performance, and as a marker for liver fibrosis and muscle...... mass using the rat carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) model and a study of immobilization induced muscle loss in humans, respectively. RESULTS: The ELISA was neo-epitope specific, technically stable and can be assessed in serum and plasma samples. In the CCl4 liver fibrosis model it was observed that serum...

Protocolo de Observação Comportamental - PROC: valores de referência para uma análise quantitativa Behavioral Observation Protocol: reference values for a quantitative analysis

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Simone Rocha de Vasconcellos Hage

2012-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: obter valores de referência para protocolo de observação comportamental (PROC sobre o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas e de esquemas simbólicos em crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem. MÉTODO: foram avaliadas 44 crianças entre 24 e 47 meses de ambos os gêneros, selecionadas em escolas de educação infantil, por meio de triagem do desenvolvimento global Denver II e questionário com os pais. Todas as crianças foram filmadas durante 30 minutos em interação com um adulto em atividade envolvendo brinquedos. As gravações foram analisadas por meio do PROC. A análise estatística descreveu valores de média, mediana, valores mínimos e máximos. Foi utilizado o teste T de Student para comparação das idades. RESULTADOS: nas habilidades comunicativas, as crianças do estudo mostraram evolução com a idade (média para três e dois anos, respectivamente: 58,12 e 51,44, apesar de não ter sido encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante para as faixas etárias comparadas (p=0,486. Quanto ao item compreensão verbal, as crianças de três anos obtiveram melhor desempenho que as de dois (respectivas médias: 59,41 e 50,70, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,0000020. Em relação ao item aspectos do desenvolvimento cognitivo, as crianças de três anos apresentaram melhor desempenho em comparação com as de dois (respectivas médias: 44,53 e 31,96, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre as pontuações obtidas (p=0,00364, mostrando que as crianças evoluem na hierarquia do simbolismo. CONCLUSÃO: a obtenção de valores de referência para o PROC veio combinar análise qualitativa e quantitativa, contribuindo, além do diagnóstico, para o acompanhamento objetivo de processos terapêuticos.PURPOSE: to obtain reference values for behavioral observation protocol on the development of communicative and symbolic schemes of children with typical language development

Effects of a 6-Month Conditioning Program on Motor and Sport Performance in The Group of Children’s Fitness Competitors

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Mlsnová Gabriela

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of our study was to determine changes in sport and motor performance of competitors in the category of children’s fitness as a result of conditioning training intervention. We conducted a two-group simultaneous experiment. Experimental group (EG and control group (CG consisted of 18 girls competing in the 12 to 15 years old age categories. EG performed supervised conditioning program over a period of 25 weeks with training frequency 3 times per week. Based on the results of physical tests, competitive and expert assessments of sport performance in the children’s fitness category we found significant effect of our conditioning program to increase sport and motor performance in the experimental group. Subsequently, these improvements could lead to success in domestic and international competitions where they occupied the leading positions. Significant relationships (EG = 19; CG = 10 were found between competitive and expert assessments as well as physical tests results, between expert and competitive assessments of physiques and routines. These changes manifested positively not only in the competitive assessment of the physique but also in the expert “blind“ assessment in the competitive discipline of the physique presentation in quarter turns where we observed significant improvements in the EG. Based on the obtained results we recommend to increase the ratio of conditioning training to gymnastic-dance training to 50 %, inclusion of strengthening and plyometric exercises into the training process and monitor regularly the level of general and specific abilities of the competitors in the individual mezocycles of the annual training cycle.

Temperature-Dependent Species Interactions Shape Priority Effects and the Persistence of Unequal Competitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Grainger, Tess Nahanni; Rego, Adam Ivan; Gilbert, Benjamin

2018-02-01

The order of species arrival at a site can determine the outcome of competitive interactions when early arrivers alter the environment or deplete shared resources. These priority effects are predicted to be stronger at high temperatures, as higher vital rates caused by warming allow early arrivers to more rapidly impact a shared environment. We tested this prediction using a pair of congeneric aphid species that specialize on milkweed plants. We manipulated temperature and arrival order of the two aphid species and measured aphid population dynamics and milkweed survival and defensive traits. We found that warming increased the impact of aphids on the quantity and quality of milkweed, which amplified the importance of priority effects by increasing the competitive exclusion of the inferior competitor when it arrived late. Warming also enhanced interspecific differences in dispersal, which could alter relative arrival times at a regional scale. Our experiment provides a first link between temperature-dependent trophic interactions, priority effects, and dispersal. This study suggests that the indirect and cascading effects of temperature observed here may be important determinants of diversity in the temporally and spatially complex landscapes that characterize ecological communities.

Show Horse Welfare: Horse Show Competitors' Understanding, Awareness, and Perceptions of Equine Welfare.

Science.gov (United States)

Voigt, Melissa A; Hiney, Kristina; Richardson, Jennifer C; Waite, Karen; Borron, Abigail; Brady, Colleen M

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of stock-type horse show competitors' understanding of welfare and level of concern for stock-type show horses' welfare. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included questions relating to (a) interest and general understanding of horse welfare, (b) welfare concerns of the horse show industry and specifically the stock-type horse show industry, (c) decision-making influences, and (d) level of empathic characteristics. The majority of respondents indicated they agree or strongly agree that physical metrics should be a factor when assessing horse welfare, while fewer agreed that behavioral and mental metrics should be a factor. Respondent empathy levels were moderate to high and were positively correlated with the belief that mental and behavioral metrics should be a factor in assessing horse welfare. Respondents indicated the inhumane practices that most often occur at stock-type shows include excessive jerking on reins, excessive spurring, and induced excessive unnatural movement. Additionally, respondents indicated association rules, hired trainers, and hired riding instructors are the most influential regarding the decisions they make related to their horses' care and treatment.

Double jeopardy, the equal value of lives and the veil of ignorance: a rejoinder to Harris.

Science.gov (United States)

McKie, J; Kuhse, H; Richardson, J; Singer, P

1996-08-01

Harris levels two main criticisms against our original defence of QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years). First, he rejects the assumption implicit in the QALY approach that not all lives are of equal value. Second, he rejects our appeal to Rawls's veil of ignorance test in support of the QALY method. In the present article we defend QALYs against Harris's criticisms. We argue that some of the conclusions Harris draws from our view that resources should be allocated on the basis of potential improvements in quality of life and quantity of life are erroneous, and that others lack the moral implications Harris claims for them. On the other hand, we defend our claim that a rational egoist, behind a veil of ignorance, could consistently choose to allocate life-saving resources in accordance with the QALY method, despite Harris's claim that a rational egoist would allocate randomly if there is no better than a 50% chance of being the recipient.

Uncertain Climate Forecasts From Multimodel Ensembles: When to Use Them and When to Ignore Them

OpenAIRE

Jewson, Stephen; Rowlands, Dan

2010-01-01

Uncertainty around multimodel ensemble forecasts of changes in future climate reduces the accuracy of those forecasts. For very uncertain forecasts this effect may mean that the forecasts should not be used. We investigate the use of the well-known Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to make the decision as to whether a forecast should be used or ignored.

Ignoring versus updating in working memory reveal differential roles of attention and feature binding

OpenAIRE

Fallon, SJ; Mattiesing, RM; Dolfen, N; Manohar, SGM; Husain, M

2017-01-01

Ignoring distracting information and updating current contents are essential components of working memory (WM). Yet, although both require controlling irrelevant information, it is unclear whether they have the same effects on recall and produce the same level of misbinding errors (incorrectly joining the features of different memoranda). Moreover, the likelihood of misbinding may be affected by the feature similarity between the items already encoded into memory and the information that has ...

Food Quality Certificates and Research on Effect of Food Quality Certificates to Determinate Ignored Level of Buying Behavioral: A Case Study in Hitit University Feas Business Department

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Hulya CAGIRAN KENDIRLI

2014-12-01

According to result of research, there is no relationship between demographic specialties of students and ignored of food and quality legislation. But there is relationship between sexuality and ignored of food and quality legislation.

Who will attack the competitors? How political parties resolve strategic and collective action dilemmas in negative campaigning.

Science.gov (United States)

Dolezal, Martin; Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz; Müller, Wolfgang C

2017-11-01

Negative campaigning presents parties with a collective action problem. While parties would prefer to have their competitors attacked, potential backlash effects from negative messages mean that individual politicians typically lack the incentives to carry out such attacks. We theorize that parties solve this problem by implementing a division of labour that takes into account the incentives of individual office holders, their availability for campaign activity, and media relevance. Drawing on these arguments we expect that holders of high public office and party leaders are less likely to issue attacks, leaving the bulk of the 'dirty work' to be carried out by party floor leaders and general secretaries. Examining almost 8000 press releases issued by over 600 individual politicians during four election campaigns in Austria, we find strong support for our theoretical expectations.

Simple and versatile molecular method of copy-number measurement using cloned competitors.

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Hyun-Kyoung Kim

Full Text Available Variations and alterations of copy numbers (CNVs and CNAs carry disease susceptibility and drug responsiveness implications. Although there are many molecular methods to measure copy numbers, sensitivity, reproducibility, cost, and time issues remain. In the present study, we were able to solve those problems utilizing our modified real competitive PCR method with cloned competitors (mrcPCR. First, the mrcPCR for ERBB2 copy number was established, and the results were comparable to current standard methods but with a shorter assay time and a lower cost. Second, the mrcPCR assays for 24 drug-target genes were established, and the results in a panel of NCI-60 cells were comparable to those from real-time PCR and microarray. Third, the mrcPCR results for FCGR3A and the FCGR3B CNVs were comparable to those by the paralog ratio test (PRT, but without PRT's limitations. These results suggest that mrcPCR is comparable to the currently available standard or the most sensitive methods. In addition, mrcPCR would be invaluable for measurement of CNVs in genes with variants of similar structures, because combination of the other methods is not necessary, along with its other advantages such as short assay time, small sample amount requirement, and applicability to all sequences and genes.

Excitatory and inhibitory priming by attended and ignored non-recycled words with monolinguals and bilinguals.

Science.gov (United States)

Neumann, Ewald; Nkrumah, Ivy K; Chen, Zhe

2018-03-03

Experiments examining identity priming from attended and ignored novel words (words that are used only once except when repetition is required due to experimental manipulation) in a lexical decision task are reported. Experiment 1 tested English monolinguals whereas Experiment 2 tested Twi (a native language of Ghana, Africa)-English bilinguals. Participants were presented with sequential pairs of stimuli composed of a prime followed by a probe, with each containing two items. The participants were required to name the target word in the prime display, and to make a lexical decision to the target item in the probe display. On attended repetition (AR) trials the probe target item was identical to the target word on the preceding attentional display. On ignored repetition (IR) trials the probe target item was the same as the distractor word in the preceding attentional display. The experiments produced facilitated (positive) priming in the AR trials and delayed (negative) priming in the IR trials. Significantly, the positive and negative priming effects also replicated across both monolingual and bilingual groups of participants, despite the fact that the bilinguals were responding to the task in their non-dominant language.

Direct Evidence on Learning by Exporting

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grimpe, Christoph; Belderbos, Rene

2014-01-01

learning and export learning – an issue that has been ignored in prior studies. Learning from foreign customers is more prevalent than learning from foreign competitors. Firms’ underlying innovation strategy appears as an important moderator of the propensity to learn and of the relationship between......We examine first direct evidence on the occurrence of learning by exporting, using unique survey data for German innovating firms on the role of (foreign) customers and competitors as sources of ideas and impetus for innovation. Export intensive firms frequently benefit simultaneously from domestic...... learning and innovativeness. Firms adopting a strategy of technology leadership more often exhibit effective learning from diverse foreign customers and this learning is strongly associated with innovative sales – but mostly so if combined with domestic customer learning. In contrast, firms that have...

Early auditory change detection implicitly facilitated by ignored concurrent visual change during a Braille reading task.

Science.gov (United States)

Aoyama, Atsushi; Haruyama, Tomohiro; Kuriki, Shinya

2013-09-01

Unconscious monitoring of multimodal stimulus changes enables humans to effectively sense the external environment. Such automatic change detection is thought to be reflected in auditory and visual mismatch negativity (MMN) and mismatch negativity fields (MMFs). These are event-related potentials and magnetic fields, respectively, evoked by deviant stimuli within a sequence of standard stimuli, and both are typically studied during irrelevant visual tasks that cause the stimuli to be ignored. Due to the sensitivity of MMN/MMF to potential effects of explicit attention to vision, however, it is unclear whether multisensory co-occurring changes can purely facilitate early sensory change detection reciprocally across modalities. We adopted a tactile task involving the reading of Braille patterns as a neutral ignore condition, while measuring magnetoencephalographic responses to concurrent audiovisual stimuli that were infrequently deviated either in auditory, visual, or audiovisual dimensions; 1000-Hz standard tones were switched to 1050-Hz deviant tones and/or two-by-two standard check patterns displayed on both sides of visual fields were switched to deviant reversed patterns. The check patterns were set to be faint enough so that the reversals could be easily ignored even during Braille reading. While visual MMFs were virtually undetectable even for visual and audiovisual deviants, significant auditory MMFs were observed for auditory and audiovisual deviants, originating from bilateral supratemporal auditory areas. Notably, auditory MMFs were significantly enhanced for audiovisual deviants from about 100 ms post-stimulus, as compared with the summation responses for auditory and visual deviants or for each of the unisensory deviants recorded in separate sessions. Evidenced by high tactile task performance with unawareness of visual changes, we conclude that Braille reading can successfully suppress explicit attention and that simultaneous multisensory changes can

The Insider Threat to Cybersecurity: How Group Process and Ignorance Affect Analyst Accuracy and Promptitude

Science.gov (United States)

2017-09-01

McCarthy, J. (1980). Circumscription - A Form of Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Artificial Intelligence , 13, 27–39. McClure, S., Scambray, J., & Kurtz, G. (2012...THREAT TO CYBERSECURITY : HOW GROUP PROCESS AND IGNORANCE AFFECT ANALYST ACCURACY AND PROMPTITUDE by Ryan F. Kelly September 2017...September 2017 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Dissertation 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE THE INSIDER THREAT TO CYBERSECURITY : HOW GROUP PROCESS AND

Aspiring to Spectral Ignorance in Earth Observation

Science.gov (United States)

Oliver, S. A.

2016-12-01

Enabling robust, defensible and integrated decision making in the Era of Big Earth Data requires the fusion of data from multiple and diverse sensor platforms and networks. While the application of standardised global grid systems provides a common spatial analytics framework that facilitates the computationally efficient and statistically valid integration and analysis of these various data sources across multiple scales, there remains the challenge of sensor equivalency; particularly when combining data from different earth observation satellite sensors (e.g. combining Landsat and Sentinel-2 observations). To realise the vision of a sensor ignorant analytics platform for earth observation we require automation of spectral matching across the available sensors. Ultimately, the aim is to remove the requirement for the user to possess any sensor knowledge in order to undertake analysis. This paper introduces the concept of spectral equivalence and proposes a methodology through which equivalent bands may be sourced from a set of potential target sensors through application of equivalence metrics and thresholds. A number of parameters can be used to determine whether a pair of spectra are equivalent for the purposes of analysis. A baseline set of thresholds for these parameters and how to apply them systematically to enable relation of spectral bands amongst numerous different sensors is proposed. The base unit for comparison in this work is the relative spectral response. From this input, determination of a what may constitute equivalence can be related by a user, based on their own conceptualisation of equivalence.

Sophisticated Approval Voting, Ignorance Priors, and Plurality Heuristics: A Behavioral Social Choice Analysis in a Thurstonian Framework

Science.gov (United States)

Regenwetter, Michel; Ho, Moon-Ho R.; Tsetlin, Ilia

2007-01-01

This project reconciles historically distinct paradigms at the interface between individual and social choice theory, as well as between rational and behavioral decision theory. The authors combine a utility-maximizing prescriptive rule for sophisticated approval voting with the ignorance prior heuristic from behavioral decision research and two…

The Power of B2B Brands : A case study of how B2B companies in the forest industry can communicate sustainability through their Brand

OpenAIRE

Bålfors, Joakim; Ståhlspets, Johan

2016-01-01

Today’s B2B companies operate in a global business world that is characterised by product homogenisation and intense competition. Finding sources for differentiation and consequently competitive advantage is a concern that no company with a long-term horizon can ignore. The development of the brand, recognized as a strategic asset, has created new ways of conducting beneficial marketing management, which can lead to differentiation from competitors and create conditions for company success. T...

On Moderator Detection in Anchoring Research: Implications of Ignoring Estimate Direction

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Nathan N. Cheek

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Anchoring, whereby judgments assimilate to previously considered standards, is one of the most reliable effects in psychology. In the last decade, researchers have become increasingly interested in identifying moderators of anchoring effects. We argue that a drawback of traditional moderator analyses in the standard anchoring paradigm is that they ignore estimate direction—whether participants’ estimates are higher or lower than the anchor value. We suggest that failing to consider estimate direction can sometimes obscure moderation in anchoring tasks, and discuss three potential analytic solutions that take estimate direction into account. Understanding moderators of anchoring effects is essential for a basic understanding of anchoring and for applied research on reducing the influence of anchoring in real-world judgments. Considering estimate direction reduces the risk of failing to detect moderation.

Effects of ignoring baseline on modeling transitions from intact cognition to dementia.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Lei; Tyas, Suzanne L; Snowdon, David A; Kryscio, Richard J

2009-07-01

This paper evaluates the effect of ignoring baseline when modeling transitions from intact cognition to dementia with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and global impairment (GI) as intervening cognitive states. Transitions among states are modeled by a discrete-time Markov chain having three transient (intact cognition, MCI, and GI) and two competing absorbing states (death and dementia). Transition probabilities depend on two covariates, age and the presence/absence of an apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 allele, through a multinomial logistic model with shared random effects. Results are illustrated with an application to the Nun Study, a cohort of 678 participants 75+ years of age at baseline and followed longitudinally with up to ten cognitive assessments per nun.

Phonological processing of ignored distractor pictures, an fMRI investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Bles, Mart; Jansma, Bernadette M

2008-02-11

Neuroimaging studies of attention often focus on interactions between stimulus representations and top-down selection mechanisms in visual cortex. Less is known about the neural representation of distractor stimuli beyond visual areas, and the interactions between stimuli in linguistic processing areas. In the present study, participants viewed simultaneously presented line drawings at peripheral locations, while in the MRI scanner. The names of the objects depicted in these pictures were either phonologically related (i.e. shared the same consonant-vowel onset construction), or unrelated. Attention was directed either at the linguistic properties of one of these pictures, or at the fixation point (i.e. away from the pictures). Phonological representations of unattended pictures could be detected in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the insula. Under some circumstances, the name of ignored distractor pictures is retrieved by linguistic areas. This implies that selective attention to a specific location does not completely filter out the representations of distractor stimuli at early perceptual stages.

Catalyseurs et procédés catalytiques utilisés dans la production des grands intermédiaires pétrochimiques. Situation actuelle et futur Catalysts and Catalytic Processes Used for the Production of the Major Petrochemical Building Blocks. Present Situation and the Future

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boitiaux J. P.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available La pétrochimie représente une part modeste du marché des catalyseurs, mais les dix dernières années ont vu des améliorations substantielles des catalyseurs et des procédés utilisés. Ces améliorations ont permis de mieux répondre à la demande en grands intermédiaires pétrochimiques. Cette évolution est bien illustrée par les hydrogénations, autour du vapocraquage destiné à produire des oléfines, par le reformage catalytique et les procédés satellites destinés à produire des aromatiques et par les nouveaux procédés de déshydrogénation, métathèse, oligomérisation. . . qui permettent de mieux équilibrer le marché des oléfines. Petrochemicals account for a modest share of the market for catalysts, but there have been substantial improvements in the catalysts and processes used in the last ten years. These improvements have brought about a better response to the demand for major petrochemical building blocks. This trend is clearly illustrated by hydrogenations in the field of steam cracking to produce olefins, by catalytic reforming and satellite processes to produce aromatics, and by new processes such as dehydrogenation, metathesis and oligomerization which provide better balance to the market for olefins.

Settlers Unsettled: Using Field Schools and Digital Stories to Transform Geographies of Ignorance about Indigenous Peoples in Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Castleden, Heather; Daley, Kiley; Sloan Morgan, Vanessa; Sylvestre, Paul

2013-01-01

Geography is a product of colonial processes, and in Canada, the exclusion from educational curricula of Indigenous worldviews and their lived realities has produced "geographies of ignorance". Transformative learning is an approach geographers can use to initiate changes in non-Indigenous student attitudes about Indigenous…

The State of Marketing in Leading MNC’s and their Local Competitors in Pakistan : Findings of a Baseline Survey

OpenAIRE

Irfan Amir; Farrah Arif

2007-01-01

The objective of this research is to assess the state of marketing practices in leading multi-national companies operating in the country and their local competitors. This paper presents the findings of the first phase of the study. These findings are based on personal interviews with forty-three MNCs. The findings reveal that companies varied significantly with regard to marketing practices and processes --- both in terms of engaging in different practices and processes but also in terms of ...

Learning to Ignore: A Modeling Study of a Decremental Cholinergic Pathway and Its Influence on Attention and Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Oros, Nicolas; Chiba, Andrea A.; Nitz, Douglas A.; Krichmar, Jeffrey L.

2014-01-01

Learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli is essential to achieving efficient and fluid attention, and serves as the complement to increasing attention to relevant stimuli. The different cholinergic (ACh) subsystems within the basal forebrain regulate attention in distinct but complementary ways. ACh projections from the substantia innominata/nucleus…

Structure modulates similarity-based interference in sluicing: An eye tracking study.

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Jesse A. Harris

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In cue-based content-addressable approaches to memory, a target and its competitors are retrieved in parallel from memory via a fast, associative cue-matching procedure under a severely limited focus of attention. Such a parallel matching procedure could in principle ignore the serial order or hierarchical structure characteristic of linguistic relations. I present an eye tracking while reading experiment that investigates whether the sentential position of a potential antecedent modulates the strength of similarity-based interference, a well-studied effect in which increased similarity in features between a target and its competitors results in slower and less accurate retrieval overall. The manipulation trades on an independently established Locality bias in sluiced structures to associate a wh-remnant (which ones in clausal ellipsis with the most local correlate (some wines, as in The tourists enjoyed some wines, but I don’t know which ones. The findings generally support cue-based parsing models of sentence processing that are subject to similarity-based interference in retrieval, and provide additional support to the growing body of evidence that retrieval is sensitive to both the structural position of a target antecedent and its competitors, and the specificity of retrieval cues.

Reflexions sociològiques figuratives i de procés sobre l’esport i la globalització: algunes observacions conceptuals i teòriques, amb especial referència al futbol

OpenAIRE

Dunning, Eric

2009-01-01

Aquest article es divideix en tres parts. La primera consisteix en un comentari conceptual teòric sobre la globalització i en diversos exemples del món globalitzat de l’esport; la segona és un comentari sobre el desenvolupament i l’extensió global del futbol; i la tercera exposa el comentari d’algunes patologies relacionades amb l’esport. Tot al llarg de l’article s’aplica l’enfocament sociològic figuratiu i de procés desenvolupat per Norbert Elias. En resum, aquest treball és fonamentalment ...

T cell ignorance is bliss: T cells are not tolerized by Langerhans cells presenting human papillomavirus antigens in the absence of costimulation

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Andrew W. Woodham

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16 infections are intra-epithelial, and thus, HPV16 is known to interact with Langerhans cells (LCs, the resident epithelial antigen-presenting cells (APCs. The current paradigm for APC-mediated induction of T cell anergy is through delivery of T cell receptor signals via peptides on MHC molecules (signal 1, but without costimulation (signal 2. We previously demonstrated that LCs exposed to HPV16 in vitro present HPV antigens to T cells without costimulation, but it remained uncertain if such T cells would remain ignorant, become anergic, or in the case of CD4+ T cells, differentiate into Tregs. Here we demonstrate that Tregs were not induced by LCs presenting only signal 1, and through a series of in vitro immunizations show that CD8+ T cells receiving signal 1+2 from LCs weeks after consistently receiving signal 1 are capable of robust effector functions. Importantly, this indicates that T cells are not tolerized but instead remain ignorant to HPV, and are activated given the proper signals. Keywords: T cell anergy, T cell ignorance, Immune tolerance, Human papillomavirus, HPV16, Langerhans cells

Demographic consequences of invasion by a native, controphic competitor to an insular bird population.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, K M; Germain, R R; Tarwater, C E; Reid, J M; Arcese, P

2018-05-01

Species invasions and range shifts can lead to novel competitive interactions between historically resident and colonizing species, but the demographic consequences of such interactions remain controversial. We present results from field experiments and 45 years of demographic monitoring to test the hypothesis that the colonization of Mandarte Is., BC, Canada, by fox sparrows (Passerella iliaca) caused the long-term decline of the resident population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Several lines of evidence indicate that competition with fox sparrows for winter food reduced over-winter survival in juvenile song sparrows by 48% from 1960 to 2015, enforcing population decline despite an increase in annual reproductive rate in song sparrows over the same period. Preference for locally abundant seeds presented at experimental arenas suggested complete overlap in diet in song and fox sparrows, and observations at arenas baited with commercial seed showed that fox sparrows displaced song sparrows in 91-100% of interactions in two periods during winter. In contrast, we found no evidence of interspecific competition for resources during the breeding season. Our results indicate that in the absence of marked shifts in niche dimension, range expansions by dominant competitors have the potential to cause the extirpation of historically resident species when competitive interactions between them are strong and resources not equitably partitioned.

Inorganic Species Behaviour in Thermochemical Processes for Energy Biomass Valorisation Comportement des espèces inorganiques dans les procédés thermochimiques de valorisation énergétique de la biomasse

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Froment K.

2013-09-01

difficulties (corrosion, fouling, etc.: a detailed summary of the specific behaviour of the inorganic compounds in biomass thermal conversion facilities will be given, going from the description of inorganic species included in biomass up to the prevention and the solution, as far as possible. The following topics will therefore be developed: inventory of inorganic species in different biomasses; general review of the inorganic speciation during thermal conversion processes; technological barriers to overcome for economic and technological process improvements; specific aspects related to inorganic species behaviour investigated at CEA: inorganic species release and condensation; aerosol behaviour and deposits; hot particles filtration; slag formation and interactions with reactor wall. Les espèces inorganiques de la biomasse (bois, déchets agricoles, déchets ménagers voire boues d’épuration présentent un large spectre en compositions et quantités, dépendant de l’origine de la biomasse (nature, lieux et conditions de sa croissance, etc.. Les différents procédés de conversion (combustion, pyrolyse, gazéification, etc. et les différentes technologies associées (fours à grille, lits fixes ou fluidisés, réacteurs à flux entraînés, etc. utilisant l’énergie de la biomasse, fournissent des conditions opératoires très variées en atmosphère, température, pression, etc. Au cours de chacun de ces procédés thermiques de conversion, en fonction de la composition initiale de la biomasse, de l’atmosphère et la température du procédé (la pression est un paramètre de second ordre par rapport aux précédents, certaines espèces inorganiques réagissent pour former des composés liquides ou gazeux, seuls ou combinés à d’autres espèces : celles-ci peuvent être soit piégées à différents endroits dans le procédé, soit relâchées avec le gaz. Les interactions potentielles de ces espèces inorganiques avec les parois des réacteurs, les mat

Crowding in the city: losing and winning competitors of an invasive bird.

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Dailos Hernández-Brito

Full Text Available Invasive species can take advantage of resources unexploited by natives (opportunism hypothesis or they can exploit the same resources but more aggressively or efficiently (competition hypothesis, thus impacting native species. However, invasive species tend to exploit anthropogenic habitats that are inefficiently used by natives such as urban environments. Focusing on the ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri, one of the most invasive birds worldwide, we combined observations of interspecific aggressions, species-specific cavity-nest preferences and the spatial distribution of the native cavity-nesting vertebrate community to determine the invasion process as well as its potential impacts on native species in a Mediterranean city. Our results support the competition hypothesis, suggesting that ring-necked parakeets are outcompeting native species sharing nest-site preferences. Parakeets initiated and won most interspecific aggressions, which were directed towards competitors but also towards predators. This behaviour could explain the spatial arrangement of natives, with most bird species breeding close to parakeets possibly to take advantage of their effective antipredatory behaviour. However, temporal and spatial patterns of segregation suggest that a threatened bat species is negatively affected by parakeets. This demonstrates that common species gain benefits and threatened ones (in this study, a bat and possibly a falcon lose nest sites due to invaders. Therefore, the conservation status of the native species that pay the costs of competition with invaders should be considered. This scenario of winners and losers may, however, shift towards more losers if the ring-necked parakeet population continues to grow, thus requiring close monitoring and control/eradication programs to avoid further impacts.

Crowding in the city: losing and winning competitors of an invasive bird.

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Hernández-Brito, Dailos; Carrete, Martina; Popa-Lisseanu, Ana G; Ibáñez, Carlos; Tella, José L

2014-01-01

Invasive species can take advantage of resources unexploited by natives (opportunism hypothesis) or they can exploit the same resources but more aggressively or efficiently (competition hypothesis), thus impacting native species. However, invasive species tend to exploit anthropogenic habitats that are inefficiently used by natives such as urban environments. Focusing on the ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri), one of the most invasive birds worldwide, we combined observations of interspecific aggressions, species-specific cavity-nest preferences and the spatial distribution of the native cavity-nesting vertebrate community to determine the invasion process as well as its potential impacts on native species in a Mediterranean city. Our results support the competition hypothesis, suggesting that ring-necked parakeets are outcompeting native species sharing nest-site preferences. Parakeets initiated and won most interspecific aggressions, which were directed towards competitors but also towards predators. This behaviour could explain the spatial arrangement of natives, with most bird species breeding close to parakeets possibly to take advantage of their effective antipredatory behaviour. However, temporal and spatial patterns of segregation suggest that a threatened bat species is negatively affected by parakeets. This demonstrates that common species gain benefits and threatened ones (in this study, a bat and possibly a falcon) lose nest sites due to invaders. Therefore, the conservation status of the native species that pay the costs of competition with invaders should be considered. This scenario of winners and losers may, however, shift towards more losers if the ring-necked parakeet population continues to grow, thus requiring close monitoring and control/eradication programs to avoid further impacts.

Are sick individuals weak competitors? Competitive ability of snails parasitized by a gigantism-inducing trematode.

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Otto Seppälä

Full Text Available Parasitized individuals are often expected to be poor competitors because they are weakened by infections. Many trematode species, however, although extensively exploiting their mollusc hosts, also induce gigantism (increased host size by diverting host resources towards growth instead of reproduction. In such systems, alternatively to reduced competitive ability due to negative effects of parasitism on host performance, larger size could allow more efficient resource acquisition and thus increase the relative competitive ability of host individuals. We addressed this hypothesis by testing the effect of a trematode parasite Diplostomum pseudospathaceum on the competitive ability of its snail host Lymnaea stagnalis. We experimentally examined the growth of snails kept in pairs in relation to their infection status and intensity of resource competition (i.e. food availability. We found that parasitized snails grew faster and their reproduction was reduced compared to unparasitized individuals indicating parasite-induced gigantism. However, growth of the snails was faster when competing with parasitized individuals compared to unparasitized snails indicating reduced competitive ability due to parasitism. The latter effect, however, was relatively weak suggesting that the effects of the parasite on snail physiology may partly override each other in determining competitive ability.

The effects of methylphenidate on prepulse inhibition during attended and ignored prestimuli among boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Hawk, Larry W; Yartz, Andrew R; Pelham, William E; Lock, Thomas M

2003-01-01

The present study investigated attentional modification of prepulse inhibition of startle among boys with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) whether ADHD is associated with diminished prepulse inhibition during attended prestimuli, but not ignored prestimuli, and (2) whether methylphenidate selectively increases prepulse inhibition to attended prestimuli among boys with ADHD. Participants were 17 boys with ADHD and 14 controls. Participants completed a tone discrimination task in each of two sessions separated by 1 week. ADHD boys were administered methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg) in one session and placebo in the other session in a randomized, double-blind fashion. During each series of 72 tones (75 dB; half 1200-Hz, half 400-Hz), participants were paid to attend to one pitch and ignore the other. Bilateral eyeblink electromyogram startle responses were recorded in response to acoustic probes (50-ms, 102-dB white noise) presented following the onset of two-thirds of tones, and during one-third of intertrial intervals. Relative to controls, boys with ADHD exhibited diminished prepulse inhibition 120 ms after onset of attended but not ignored prestimuli following placebo administration. Methylphenidate selectively increased prepulse inhibition to attended prestimuli at 120 ms among boys with ADHD to a level comparable to that of controls, who did not receive methylphenidate. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ADHD involves diminished selective attention and suggest that methylphenidate ameliorates the symptoms of ADHD, at least in part, by altering an early attentional mechanism.

The wisdom of ignorant crowds: Predicting sport outcomes by mere recognition

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Stefan M. Herzog

2011-02-01

Full Text Available that bets on the fact that people's recognition knowledge of names is a proxy for their competitiveness: In sports, it predicts that the better-known team or player wins a game. We present two studies on the predictive power of recognition in forecasting soccer games (World Cup 2006 and UEFA Euro 2008 and analyze previously published results. The performance of the collective recognition heuristic is compared to two benchmarks: predictions based on official rankings and aggregated betting odds. Across three soccer and two tennis tournaments, the predictions based on recognition performed similar to those based on rankings; when compared with betting odds, the heuristic fared reasonably well. Forecasts based on rankings---but not on betting odds---were improved by incorporating collective recognition information. We discuss the use of recognition for forecasting in sports and conclude that aggregating across individual ignorance spawns collective wisdom.

Phonological processing of ignored distractor pictures, an fMRI investigation

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Bles Mart

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Neuroimaging studies of attention often focus on interactions between stimulus representations and top-down selection mechanisms in visual cortex. Less is known about the neural representation of distractor stimuli beyond visual areas, and the interactions between stimuli in linguistic processing areas. In the present study, participants viewed simultaneously presented line drawings at peripheral locations, while in the MRI scanner. The names of the objects depicted in these pictures were either phonologically related (i.e. shared the same consonant-vowel onset construction, or unrelated. Attention was directed either at the linguistic properties of one of these pictures, or at the fixation point (i.e. away from the pictures. Results Phonological representations of unattended pictures could be detected in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the insula. Conclusion Under some circumstances, the name of ignored distractor pictures is retrieved by linguistic areas. This implies that selective attention to a specific location does not completely filter out the representations of distractor stimuli at early perceptual stages.

The Ignorant Environmental Education Teacher: Students Get Empowered and Teach Philosophy of Nature Inspired by Ancient Greek Philosophy

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Tsevreni, Irida

2018-01-01

This paper presents an attempt to apply Jacques Rancière's emancipatory pedagogy of "the ignorant schoolmaster" to environmental education, which emphasises environmental ethics. The paper tells the story of a philosophy of nature project in the framework of an environmental adult education course at a Second Chance School in Greece,…

From Ignoring to Leading Changes – What Role do Universities Play in Developing Countries? (Case of Croatia

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Slavica Singer

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Using the model of entrepreneurial university, the paper presents major blockages (university’s own institutional rigidity, fragmented organization, lack of mutual trust between the business sector and universities, no real benchmarks, legal framework not supportive of opening the university to new initiatives in Triple Helix interactions in Croatia. Comparing identified blockages with expectations (multidimensional campus, cooperation with the business sector and other stakeholders in designing new educational and research programs expressed by HEIs in developed countries around the world (2008 EIU survey indicates new challenges for universities in developing countries. With Triple Helix approach, not confined within national borders, but as an international networking opportunity, these challenges can be seen as opportunities, otherwise they are threats. On the scale of ignoring, observing, participating and leading positive changes in its surroundings, for the purpose of measuring vitality of Triple Helix interactions, Croatian universities are located more between ignoring and observing position. To move them towards a leading position, coordinated and consistent policies are needed in order to focus on eliminating identified blockages. Universities should take the lead in this process; otherwise they are losing credibility as desired partners in developing space for Triple Helix interactions.

Déconstruction-reconstruction identitaire et poétique de l’altérité dans Le procès-verbal de J-M G. Le Clézio

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Abdoulaye Diouf

2016-12-01

Full Text Available En partant du double mouvement rhizomatique de la « déterritorialisation » et de la « reterritorialisation », cet article se propose d’étudier la conception dynamique de l’identité dans Le procès-verbal de Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (1963. Pour cela, il explore, d’une part, le processus graduel de déconstruction identitaire du héros du roman (marginalité, nudité, métamorphose par le biais de la médiation altéritaire – dans le sens d’un rapport au monde et à l’Autre – à partir de laquelle se reconstruit une nouvelle identité transcendante loin de tout essentialisme. D’autre part, il analyse les différentes stratégies de mise en altérité qui montrent au passage, avec sa théorie de l’« extase matérialiste » et le principe de l’identification qui la sous-tend, que l’être ne s’arrête pas à l’humain chez Le Clézio. Starting from the dual rhizome-like movement of the “deterritorialization” and “reterritorialization”, this article proposes to study the dynamic concept of identity in Le procès-verbal by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (1963. For this, it explores, firstly, the gradual process of identity deconstruction of the novel’s hero (marginality, nudity, metamorphosis through the othering mediation - in the sense of a relationship to the world and the Other - from which is rebuilt a new transcendent identity away from all essentialism. Furthermore, it analyzes the different otherness implementation strategies that show the way, with his theory of “materialistic ecstasy” and the principle of identification which underlies it, according to which being goes beyond humans for Le Clézio.

Technology trends in econometric energy models: Ignorance or information?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boyd, G.; Kokkelenberg, E.; State Univ., of New York, Binghamton, NY; Ross, M.; Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI

1991-01-01

Simple time trend variables in factor demand models can be statistically powerful variables, but may tell the researcher very little. Even more complex specification of technical change, e.g. factor biased, are still the economentrician's ''measure of ignorance'' about the shifts that occur in the underlying production process. Furthermore, in periods of rapid technology change the parameters based on time trends may be too large for long run forecasting. When there is clearly identifiable engineering information about new technology adoption that changes the factor input mix, data for the technology adoption may be included in the traditional factor demand model to economically model specific factor biased technical change and econometrically test their contribution. The adoption of thermomechanical pulping (TMP) and electric are furnaces (EAF) are two electricity intensive technology trends in the Paper and Steel industries, respectively. This paper presents the results of including these variables in a tradition econometric factor demand model, which is based on the Generalized Leontief. The coefficients obtained for this ''engineering based'' technical change compares quite favorably to engineering estimates of the impact of TMP and EAF on electricity intensities, improves the estimates of the other price coefficients, and yields a more believable long run electricity forecast. 6 refs., 1 fig

Global sea-level rise is recognised, but flooding from anthropogenic land subsidence is ignored around northern Manila Bay, Philippines.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodolfo, Kelvin S; Siringan, Fernando P

2006-03-01

Land subsidence resulting from excessive extraction of groundwater is particularly acute in East Asian countries. Some Philippine government sectors have begun to recognise that the sea-level rise of one to three millimetres per year due to global warming is a cause of worsening floods around Manila Bay, but are oblivious to, or ignore, the principal reason: excessive groundwater extraction is lowering the land surface by several centimetres to more than a decimetre per year. Such ignorance allows the government to treat flooding as a lesser problem that can be mitigated through large infrastructural projects that are both ineffective and vulnerable to corruption. Money would be better spent on preventing the subsidence by reducing groundwater pumping and moderating population growth and land use, but these approaches are politically and psychologically unacceptable. Even if groundwater use is greatly reduced and enlightened land-use practices are initiated, natural deltaic subsidence and global sea-level rise will continue to aggravate flooding, although at substantially lower rates.

Allocating health care: cost-utility analysis, informed democratic decision making, or the veil of ignorance?

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Goold, S D

1996-01-01

Assuming that rationing health care is unavoidable, and that it requires moral reasoning, how should we allocate limited health care resources? This question is difficult because our pluralistic, liberal society has no consensus on a conception of distributive justice. In this article I focus on an alternative: Who shall decide how to ration health care, and how shall this be done to respect autonomy, pluralism, liberalism, and fairness? I explore three processes for making rationing decisions: cost-utility analysis, informed democratic decision making, and applications of the veil of ignorance. I evaluate these processes as examples of procedural justice, assuming that there is no outcome considered the most just. I use consent as a criterion to judge competing processes so that rationing decisions are, to some extent, self-imposed. I also examine the processes' feasibility in our current health care system. Cost-utility analysis does not meet criteria for actual or presumed consent, even if costs and health-related utility could be measured perfectly. Existing structures of government cannot creditably assimilate the information required for sound rationing decisions, and grassroots efforts are not representative. Applications of the veil of ignorance are more useful for identifying principles relevant to health care rationing than for making concrete rationing decisions. I outline a process of decision making, specifically for health care, that relies on substantive, selected representation, respects pluralism, liberalism, and deliberative democracy, and could be implemented at the community or organizational level.

Investment Strategy in a Closed Loop Supply Chain: The Case of a Market with Competition between Two Retailers

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Sungwook Yoon

2017-09-01

Full Text Available To survive in the ceaseless cycle of competition, businesses have developed strategies to become sustainable. These strategies include reusing products, which can lead not only to the creation of economic benefits but also to improvements in a corporation’s social and environmental responsibility. Product reuse can also increase the profit earned on new products by compensating customers who bring in old products to buy new ones, as the ensuing remanufacturing process allows for the reuse of materials and thus drives down costs. As businesses have come to recognize these values, the marketing competition to retrieve used products from customers has intensified. This research focuses on identifying effective compensation strategies to determine the appropriate advertising investment and trade-in value in a market where two homogeneous retailers compete. Retailers advertise to secure more customers to trade in their used products and to generate more trade-in sales than competitors do. A retailer’s results may vary according to its competitor’s investment strategy, which makes it useful to employ information on past competitor investment patterns to plan future investment strategies. However, as competitors using one another’s information may intensify the competition, better investment results could be obtained by ignoring competitor investment information. Therefore, this study suggests four competition strategies that determine the advertisement costs and trade-in allowance spent by retailers and discusses the difference in the profits obtained by the retailers under each of the four strategies.

El procés d'avaluació i intervenció psicològica a pacients amb trastorns per abús d' alcohol i/o altres substàncies psicotròpiques

OpenAIRE

Trasovares Navarrete, María Victoria

2004-01-01

Aquest treball, realitzat al Centre d'Atenció i Seguiment de Drogodependències (CASD) de Nou Barris, ha tingut com a objectiu principal observar el rol del psicòleg clínic en el procés d'avaluació i intervenció psicoterapèutica en pacients que presenten un trastorn per dependència de substàncies psicotròpiques. Este trabajo, realizado en el Centro de Atención y Seguimiento de Drogodependencias (CASD) de Nou Barris, ha tenido como principal objetivo observar el rol del psicólogo clínico en ...

Selection of specific inhibitor peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of cardiac troponin I using immuno-dominant epitopes as competitor.

Science.gov (United States)

Rezaee, Majid Asiabanha; Rasaee, Mohammad Javad; Mohammadnejad, Javad

2017-01-01

Human cardiac troponin I (cTni) is the gold marker for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In this regard, four immune-dominant epitopes of cTni were predicted and their 3D structures were determined. Thereafter, the competitive performance of the peptides was monitored with the developed polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive ELISA; a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.49 (µg/mL) and detection limit of 0.037 (µg/mL) were achieved for recombinant cTni. The competitive ELISA determined sensitivity levels of 0.306, 0.141, 0.960, and 0.155 (µg/mL), respectively, for each peptide as competitor. We indicated that two of the selected epitopes have significant sensitivity scales and inhibition ability.

Spin masters how the media ignored the real news and helped reelect Barack Obama

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Freddoso, David

2013-01-01

The biggest story of the election was how the media ignored the biggest story of the election.Amid all the breathless coverage of a non-existent War on Women, there was little or no coverage of Obama's war on the economy?how, for instance, part-time work is replacing full-time work; how low-wage jobs are replacing high-wage ones; how for Americans between the ages of 25 and 54 there are fewer jobs today than there were when the recession officially ended in 2009, and fewer, in fact, than at any time since mid-1997.The downsizing of the American economy wasn't the only stor

Caesium uptake in mushroom. Comparison with coexisting elements and effect of ammonium ion as a competitor, by laboratory experiments using Hebeloma vinosophyllum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ho, Quyen Bao-Thuy; Yoshida, Satoshi; Suzuki, Akira

2013-01-01

An ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungus Hebeloma vinosophyllum was cultivated in the Ohta's liquid medium with Cs and different concentrations of NH 4 + . This fungus absorbed caesium and coexisting elements(K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and P) with the highly transfer factors. The highest translocation from mycelium to fruit body was observed in Cs among 8 analysed elements. The uptake of Cs might have a similar pattern to those of K and P. However, the high concentration of NH 4 + might affect as the competitor to the uptake of both Cs and K, but not to the uptake of P. The addition of NH 4 + affected more the uptake of Cs than that of K. (author)

The competitor release effect applied to carnivore species: how red foxes can increase in numbers when persecuted

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Lozano, J.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of our study was to numerically simulate the population dynamics of a hypothetical community of three species of small to medium–sized carnivores subjected to non–selective control within the context of the competitor release effect (CRE. We applied the CRE to three carnivore species, linking interspecific competition with predator control efforts. We predicted the population response of European badger, the red fox and the pine marten to this wildlife management tool by means of numerical simulations. The theoretical responses differed depending on the intrinsic rate of growth (r, although modulated by the competition coefficients. The red fox, showing the highest r value, can increase its populations despite predator control efforts if control intensity is moderate. Populations of the other two species, however, decreased with control efforts, even reaching extinction. Three additional theoretical predictions were obtained. The conclusions from the simulations were: 1 predator control can play a role in altering the carnivore communities; 2 red fox numbers can increase due to control; and 3 predator control programs should evaluate the potential of unintended effects on ecosystems.

Managing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment by embedding evolutionary resilience, participatory modelling and adaptive management.

Science.gov (United States)

Bond, Alan; Morrison-Saunders, Angus; Gunn, Jill A E; Pope, Jenny; Retief, Francois

2015-03-15

In the context of continuing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment (IA) prediction, the case is made that existing IA processes are based on false 'normal' assumptions that science can solve problems and transfer knowledge into policy. Instead, a 'post-normal science' approach is needed that acknowledges the limits of current levels of scientific understanding. We argue that this can be achieved through embedding evolutionary resilience into IA; using participatory workshops; and emphasising adaptive management. The goal is an IA process capable of informing policy choices in the face of uncertain influences acting on socio-ecological systems. We propose a specific set of process steps to operationalise this post-normal science approach which draws on work undertaken by the Resilience Alliance. This process differs significantly from current models of IA, as it has a far greater focus on avoidance of, or adaptation to (through incorporating adaptive management subsequent to decisions), unwanted future scenarios rather than a focus on the identification of the implications of a single preferred vision. Implementing such a process would represent a culture change in IA practice as a lack of knowledge is assumed and explicit, and forms the basis of future planning activity, rather than being ignored. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous acute rotator cuff tear and distal biceps rupture in a strongman competitor.

Science.gov (United States)

George, Michael S

2010-04-01

Acute rotator cuff tear is commonly associated with tearing of the proximal biceps tendon, but has never been reported to occur simultaneously with a distal biceps tendon rupture. A 38-year-old right-hand-dominant strongman competitor attempted a 300-pound overhead axle press and experienced immediate pain in the right shoulder and elbow. He had no known systemic risk factors for tendon ruptures including hyperparathyroidism, hemodialysis, alcoholism, rheumatoid arthritis, statin medications, fluoroquinolones, and steroid use.Right shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a full-thickness supraspinatus tear with 3 cm of retraction. There was minimal fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus on the sagittal cuts consistent with acute rupture. The subscapularis was intact. The long head of the biceps tendon had mild medial subluxation but was completely within the bicipital groove. Right elbow MRI showed a complete distal biceps tendon rupture. Thirteen days after his injury, the patient underwent arthroscopic supraspinatus repair and proximal biceps tenodesis. Distal biceps tendon repair was performed using the modified 2-incision muscle-splitting technique. At 24-month follow-up, the patient was pain free and had returned to full activity including weightlifting but had not returned to strongman competition.This is the first report of simultaneous acute full thickness ruptures of the rotator cuff and distal biceps tendon. This case report underscores the importance of a complete physical examination and a high index of suspicion for additional concomitant injuries, particularly in athletes with unusually high stresses to the body. Copyright 2010, SLACK Incorporated.

In the Casino of Life: Betting on Risks and Ignoring the Consequences of Climate Change and Hazards

Science.gov (United States)

Brosnan, D. M.

2016-12-01

Even faced with strong scientific evidence decision-makers cite uncertainty and delay actions. Scientists, confident in the quality of their science and acknowledging that uncertainty while present is low by scientific standards, become more frustrated as their information is ignored. Decreasing scientific uncertainty, a hallmark of long term studies e.g. IPCC reports does little to motivate decision-makers. Imperviousness to scientific data is prevalent across all scales. Municipalities prefer to spend millions of dollars on engineered solutions to climate change and hazards, even if science shows that they perform less well than nature-based ones and cost much more. California is known to be at risk from tsunamis generated by earthquakes off Alaska. A study using a 9.1 earthquake, similar to a 1965 event, calculated the immediate economic price tag in infrastructure loss and business interruption at 9.5billion. The exposure of Los Angeles/Long Beach port trade to damage and downtime exceeds 1.2billion; business interruption would triple the figure. Yet despite several excellent scientific studies, the State is ill prepared; investments in infrastructure commerce and conservation risk being literally washed away. Globally there is a 5-10% probability of an extreme geohazard, e.g, a Tambora like eruption, occurring in this century. With a "value of statistical life" of 2.2 million and population at 7 billion the risk for fatalities alone is 1.1-7billion per yr. But there is little interest in investing the $0.5-3.5 billion per year in volcano monitoring necessary to reduce fatalities and lower risks of global conflict, starvation, and societal destruction. More science and less uncertainty is clearly not the driver of action. But is speaking with certainty really the answer? Decision makers and scientists are in the same casino of life but rarely play at the same tables. Decision makers bet differently to scientists. To motivate action we need to be cognizant of

I Want to but I Won't: Pluralistic Ignorance Inhibits Intentions to Take Paternity Leave in Japan

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Takeru Miyajima

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The number of male employees who take paternity leave in Japan has been low in past decades. However, the majority of male employees actually wish to take paternity leave if they were to have a child. Previous studies have demonstrated that the organizational climate in workplaces is the major determinant of male employees' use of family-friendly policies, because males are often stigmatized and fear receiving negative evaluation from others. While such normative pressure might be derived from prevailing social practices relevant to people's expectation of social roles (e.g., “Men make houses, women make homes”, these social practices are often perpetuated even after the majority of group members have ceased to support them. The perpetuation of this unpopular norm could be caused by the social psychological phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance. While researches have explored people's beliefs about gender roles from various perspectives, profound understanding of these beliefs regarding gender role norms, and the accuracy of others' beliefs remains to be attained. The current research examined the association between pluralistic ignorance and the perpetually low rates of taking paternity leave in Japan. Specifically, Study 1 (n = 299 examined Japanese male employees' (ages ranging from the 20 s to the 40 s attitudes toward paternity leave and to estimate attitudes of other men of the same age, as well as behavioral intentions (i.e., desire and willingness to take paternity leave if they had a child in the future. The results demonstrated that male employees overestimated other men's negative attitudes toward paternity leave. Moreover, those who had positive attitudes toward taking leave and attributed negative attitudes to others were less willing to take paternity leave than were those who had positive attitudes and believed others shared those attitudes, although there was no significant difference between their desires to take paternity

I Want to but I Won't: Pluralistic Ignorance Inhibits Intentions to Take Paternity Leave in Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyajima, Takeru; Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki

2017-01-01

The number of male employees who take paternity leave in Japan has been low in past decades. However, the majority of male employees actually wish to take paternity leave if they were to have a child. Previous studies have demonstrated that the organizational climate in workplaces is the major determinant of male employees' use of family-friendly policies, because males are often stigmatized and fear receiving negative evaluation from others. While such normative pressure might be derived from prevailing social practices relevant to people's expectation of social roles (e.g., "Men make houses, women make homes"), these social practices are often perpetuated even after the majority of group members have ceased to support them. The perpetuation of this unpopular norm could be caused by the social psychological phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance. While researches have explored people's beliefs about gender roles from various perspectives, profound understanding of these beliefs regarding gender role norms, and the accuracy of others' beliefs remains to be attained. The current research examined the association between pluralistic ignorance and the perpetually low rates of taking paternity leave in Japan. Specifically, Study 1 ( n = 299) examined Japanese male employees' (ages ranging from the 20 s to the 40 s) attitudes toward paternity leave and to estimate attitudes of other men of the same age, as well as behavioral intentions (i.e., desire and willingness) to take paternity leave if they had a child in the future. The results demonstrated that male employees overestimated other men's negative attitudes toward paternity leave. Moreover, those who had positive attitudes toward taking leave and attributed negative attitudes to others were less willing to take paternity leave than were those who had positive attitudes and believed others shared those attitudes, although there was no significant difference between their desires to take paternity leave. Study 2 ( n

PRICES IN COMPETITIVE SYSTEM

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VADUVA MARIA

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Regularities of competitive market determine rules for determining prices and their dynamics. Orientation prices to competition (competitive pricing is the strategy most frequently used in countries with market economies and especially for exports. Moreover, in an economy dominated by market competition it cannot be ignored without certain risks the prices resulting from competition between products bidders. Companies that use this type of strategy seek to maintain a level of prices linked to that charged by other competitors (or exporting producers generally no longer covering production costs or demand, relying on the assumption that the average market price is a reasonable basis of costs. But the way how practical guidance and reporting to the competition in every price strategy, will be determined by the company's market position, by the available power and enjoyed prestige, objectives and prospects of its market share etc. according to these elements, there may be several versions of pricing strategies oriented to competitors.

The other ocean acidification problem: CO2 as a resource among competitors for ecosystem dominance

Science.gov (United States)

Connell, Sean D.; Kroeker, Kristy J.; Fabricius, Katharina E.; Kline, David I.; Russell, Bayden D.

2013-01-01

Predictions concerning the consequences of the oceanic uptake of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have been primarily occupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms). This focus overlooks direct and indirect effects of CO2 on non-calcareous taxa that play critical roles in ecosystem shifts (e.g. competitors). We present the model that future atmospheric [CO2] may act as a resource for mat-forming algae, a diverse and widespread group known to reduce the resilience of kelp forests and coral reefs. We test this hypothesis by combining laboratory and field CO2 experiments and data from ‘natural’ volcanic CO2 vents. We show that mats have enhanced productivity in experiments and more expansive covers in situ under projected near-future CO2 conditions both in temperate and tropical conditions. The benefits of CO2 are likely to vary among species of producers, potentially leading to shifts in species dominance in a high CO2 world. We explore how ocean acidification combines with other environmental changes across a number of scales, and raise awareness of CO2 as a resource whose change in availability could have wide-ranging community consequences beyond its direct effects. PMID:23980244

The other ocean acidification problem: CO2 as a resource among competitors for ecosystem dominance.

Science.gov (United States)

Connell, Sean D; Kroeker, Kristy J; Fabricius, Katharina E; Kline, David I; Russell, Bayden D

2013-01-01

Predictions concerning the consequences of the oceanic uptake of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have been primarily occupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms). This focus overlooks direct and indirect effects of CO2 on non-calcareous taxa that play critical roles in ecosystem shifts (e.g. competitors). We present the model that future atmospheric [CO2] may act as a resource for mat-forming algae, a diverse and widespread group known to reduce the resilience of kelp forests and coral reefs. We test this hypothesis by combining laboratory and field CO2 experiments and data from 'natural' volcanic CO2 vents. We show that mats have enhanced productivity in experiments and more expansive covers in situ under projected near-future CO2 conditions both in temperate and tropical conditions. The benefits of CO2 are likely to vary among species of producers, potentially leading to shifts in species dominance in a high CO2 world. We explore how ocean acidification combines with other environmental changes across a number of scales, and raise awareness of CO2 as a resource whose change in availability could have wide-ranging community consequences beyond its direct effects.

Moving-Bed Process for Residue Hydrotreating Procédé à lit mobile pour l'hydrotraitement des résidus

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Euzen J. P.

2006-11-01

the solid particles during the sequential withdrawal. It is the reason why the movement of the solid and, moreover, the residence time distribution of the catalyst particles have been especially followed. To this end, a new technique has been developed to measure the concentration of magnetically marked particles. Furthermore, a specific effort has been devoted to technological problems such as selection and developement of special valves able to insure efficient tightness between the various sections at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of solid particles. Another study has been devoted to the operation of addition and withdrawal of the catalyst to and from the reactor running at high pressure and temperature. The solid flows and the catalyst transfer conditions have been carefully studied and tested. Finally a demonstration unit has been built at a semi-industrial scale in a mini-refinery. It was a convincing way to check all the conclusions drawed from the developement step with models, smaller scale pilots and mock-ups. As the fluids and the catalyst were real industrial products, the feasibility of the whole process has been demonstrated. Therefore, a new industrial process using the countercurrent moving bed is now available and permits a very efficient use of the catalyst particles. Un grand nombre de procédés chimiques, pétrochimiques ou de raffinage nécessitent un contact entre 3 phases : un produit de base liquide, un réactif gazeux et un catalyseur solide. Il arrive souvent que l'activité du catalyseur soit réduite par un empoisonnement des sites actifs ou par des dépôts de coke. C'est particulièrement le cas des procédés utilisés dans l'hydrotraitement des résidus lourds. La durée de vie du catalyseur étant réduite, il est nécessaire de remplacer ou de régénérer fréquemment le catalyseur devenu inactif. Différentes solutions permettent d'effectuer ce travail tout en limitant les pertes de temps et de production

A Comprehensive Model of the Dry Desulphurisation Process Une modélisation non empirique du procédé de désulfuration par voie sèche

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Flament P.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Due to the high investment cost of the wet scrubbing, the dry desulphurisation process remains an attractive way to remove sulphur dioxide when reduction level should not be higher than 90%. In this technique, the SO2 is removed from flue gases by direct injection of small calcium based sorbents such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3 or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH² . The sorbent is first transformed into calcium oxide (CaO before reacting with SO2 to form a stable calcium sulphate (CaSO4. Although the global reactions are rather simple, a full description of the mechanism requires the knowledge of both, the initial physical properties of the sorbent and the evolution of these properties during the reaction. Furthermore, the way how particles are injected and dispersed into the SO2 containing gases is also a major issue of the dry desulphurisation process. Both aspects are considered in this paper since a specialised routine was build to describe the calcination-sulphation process and coupled with the KIVA code to perform 3D calculations under real industrial conditions. The desulphurisation model was first tested alone using the kinetic data of the International Flame Research Foundation and then, coupled with KIVA to simulate the desulphurisation process in a new type of boiler which is developed by BABCOCK Entreprise and the Institut Français du Pétrole (the AUDE boiler. In this last case, the objective was to determine the sorbent injection locations leading to the highest desulphurisation efficiencies. As the dispersion of particles is an important parameter of the desulphurisation process, an example of validation of the KIVA dispersion model is also presented in this paper. For the selected test case, i. e: particle dispersion in a plane mixing layer, a good agreement was found between the experimental results of Ando et al (1990 and the calculations performed with KIVA. Par suite du coût d'investissement très élevé du procédé de lavage

Contribution au développement d'un procédé de stabilisation d'une boisson à base d'eau et de sirop d'érable par la technologie d'électro-activation en solution

OpenAIRE

Koffi, Kouassi

2013-01-01

Le développement de nouveaux moyens pour traiter les denrées et produits agroalimentaires par l'utilisation des techniques électrochimiques a déjà joué un rôle important dans nombres de procédés. Parmi ces techniques électrochimiques, l’électro-activation, constitue à ce jour une voie nouvelle pour le traitement et l’amélioration de la qualité de produits et de solutions aqueuses en industrie agroalimentaire. L’électro-activation est dite «reagentless technology», c’est-à-dire une technologie...

Procès inquisitorial contra el castellà d'Amposta Fra Pedro Roiç de Moros a la cúria pontificia del papa Benet XIII (I414-1418

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Alanyà i Roig, Josep

2002-06-01

Full Text Available The Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó in Barcelona houses the original commital proceedings instituted by a court of cardinals set up by pope Benedict XIII in the year 1414 and teh trial itself of the lord of Amposta, Fra Pedro Roiç de Moros, knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, who had been charged with indictable offences—concubinage, robbery, housing apostates, oath breaking and counterfeiting money, mismanagement of the Castlery's assets, excesses against his vassals, wasteful use of assets, dereliction and property abandonment— of which he was found guilty, and thereafter sentenced to losing the dignity of his lordship. Roiç de Moros appealed to the Council of Constance as well as to pope Martin V. It would be to no avail. Roiç de Moros paid a very high price for choosing to support count Jaume d'Urgell and deciding to oppose Ferran dAntequera and the policies of pope Benedict XIII. The follow up and analysis of the court´s records are very interesting for their human variety and interesting informations about fortresses, houses, barns, treaures and services there were in different locations of the Castlery of Amposta, such as Batea, Gandesa, Miravet, Ulldecona, Ascó and other towns and villages along the Ribera d´Ebre. The whole criminal prosecution bears a very peculiar historic interest mainly because the protagonists, the court procedures, and their causes are the link between the Interregnum in the Aragonese Crown and the fìnal days of the Western Schism.

A l'Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó de Barcelona es conserva el procés original instruït per un tribunal de cardenals creat pel papa Benet XIII l'any 1414 per jutjar el Castella d'Amposta, l'hospitaler Fra Pedro Roiç de Moros, acusat de crims greus —concubinat, bandositats, recepció d’apòstates, perjuri i fabricació de moneda falsa, mala administració dels bens de la Castellania, comissió d'excessos contra els seus vassalls, dilapidado de bens i abando

Should we ignore U-235 series contribution to dose?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beaugelin-Seiller, Karine; Goulet, Richard; Mihok, Steve; Beresford, Nicholas A.

2016-01-01

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) methodology for radioactive substances is an important regulatory tool for assessing the safety of licensed nuclear facilities for wildlife, and the environment as a whole. ERAs are therefore expected to be both fit for purpose and conservative. When uranium isotopes are assessed, there are many radioactive decay products which could be considered. However, risk assessors usually assume 235 U and its daughters contribute negligibly to radiological dose. The validity of this assumption has not been tested: what might the 235 U family contribution be and how does the estimate depend on the assumptions applied? In this paper we address this question by considering aquatic wildlife in Canadian lakes exposed to historic uranium mining practices. A full theoretical approach was used, in parallel to a more realistic assessment based on measurements of several elements of the U decay chains. The 235 U family contribution varied between about 4% and 75% of the total dose rate depending on the assumptions of the equilibrium state of the decay chains. Hence, ignoring the 235 U series will not result in conservative dose assessments for wildlife. These arguments provide a strong case for more in situ measurements of the important members of the 235 U chain and for its consideration in dose assessments. - Highlights: • Realistic ecological risk assessment infers a complete inventory of radionuclides. • U-235 family may not be minor when assessing total dose rates experienced by biota. • There is a need to investigate the real state of equilibrium decay of U chains. • There is a need to improve the capacity to measure all elements of the U decay chains.

IGNORING CHILDREN'S BEDTIME CRYING: THE POWER OF WESTERN-ORIENTED BELIEFS.

Science.gov (United States)

Maute, Monique; Perren, Sonja

2018-03-01

Ignoring children's bedtime crying (ICBC) is an issue that polarizes parents as well as pediatricians. While most studies have focused on the effectiveness of sleep interventions, no study has yet questioned which parents use ICBC. Parents often find children's sleep difficulties to be very challenging, but factors such as the influence of Western approaches to infant care, stress, and sensitivity have not been analyzed in terms of ICBC. A sample of 586 parents completed a questionnaire to investigate the relationships between parental factors and the method of ICBC. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Latent variables were used to measure parental stress (Parental Stress Scale; J.O. Berry & W.H. Jones, 1995), sensitivity (Situation-Reaction-Questionnaire; Y. Hänggi, K. Schweinberger, N. Gugger, & M. Perrez, 2010), Western-oriented parental beliefs (Rigidity), and children's temperament (Parenting Stress Index; H. Tröster & R.R. Abidin). ICBC was used by 32.6% (n = 191) of parents in this study. Parents' Western-oriented beliefs predicted ICBC. Attitudes such as feeding a child on a time schedule and not carrying it out to prevent dependence were associated with letting the child cry to fall asleep. Low-sensitivity parents as well as parents of children with a difficult temperament used ICBC more frequently. Path analysis shows that parental stress did not predict ICBC. The results suggest that ICBC has become part of Western childrearing tradition. © 2018 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

Behavioural responses to human-induced change: Why fishing should not be ignored.

Science.gov (United States)

Diaz Pauli, Beatriz; Sih, Andrew

2017-03-01

Change in behaviour is usually the first response to human-induced environmental change and key for determining whether a species adapts to environmental change or becomes maladapted. Thus, understanding the behavioural response to human-induced changes is crucial in the interplay between ecology, evolution, conservation and management. Yet the behavioural response to fishing activities has been largely ignored. We review studies contrasting how fish behaviour affects catch by passive (e.g., long lines, angling) versus active gears (e.g., trawls, seines). We show that fishing not only targets certain behaviours, but it leads to a multitrait response including behavioural, physiological and life-history traits with population, community and ecosystem consequences. Fisheries-driven change (plastic or evolutionary) of fish behaviour and its correlated traits could impact fish populations well beyond their survival per se , affecting predation risk, foraging behaviour, dispersal, parental care, etc., and hence numerous ecological issues including population dynamics and trophic cascades . In particular, we discuss implications of behavioural responses to fishing for fisheries management and population resilience. More research on these topics, however, is needed to draw general conclusions, and we suggest fruitful directions for future studies.

Les procès contre le sanctuaire Yasukuni The trials of WW2 veterans’ families against the Yasukuni shrine

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Nobumasa Tanaka

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Le sanctuaire Yasukuni a été fondé à Tôkyô en 1869 par l’empereur Meiji pour célébrer la mémoire des guerriers japonais tombés au combat pour l’empereur et la patrie. Etablissement religieux chargé d’honorer les hauts faits de ces « âmes héroïques », il fut longtemps le symbole du militarisme japonais. Or, parmi les familles qui ont perdu l’un des leurs au cours de la guerre d’agression menée par le Japon en Asie, certaines ont engagé des poursuites contre l’administration du Yasukuni, afin d’obtenir que les noms de leurs proches soient radiés des listes du sanctuaire. Cet article retrace l’historique des procès engagés par ces familles, en examinant au passage les plaintes déposées contre le caractère anticonstitutionnel des visites répétées du Premier ministre Koizumi au Yasukuni.The Yasukuni shrine was founded in Tokyo in 1868 by the Emperor Meiji to celebrate the memory of Japanese warriors fallen during battles for the Emperor and the country. As religious institution devoted to honor these “brave souls”, it became the symbol of Japanese militarism. However, among the families who lost relatives during the war, some have sued the administration of Yasukuni to get the names of their relatives deleted from the lists of the shrine. This article describes the genesis of those trials and exams also the anti-constitutional nature of the repeated visits of Prime Minister Koizumi to Yasukuni.

Reassessing insurers' access to genetic information: genetic privacy, ignorance, and injustice.

Science.gov (United States)

Feiring, Eli

2009-06-01

Many countries have imposed strict regulations on the genetic information to which insurers have access. Commentators have warned against the emerging body of legislation for different reasons. This paper demonstrates that, when confronted with the argument that genetic information should be available to insurers for health insurance underwriting purposes, one should avoid appeals to rights of genetic privacy and genetic ignorance. The principle of equality of opportunity may nevertheless warrant restrictions. A choice-based account of this principle implies that it is unfair to hold people responsible for the consequences of the genetic lottery, since we have no choice in selecting our genotype or the expression of it. However appealing, this view does not take us all the way to an adequate justification of inaccessibility of genetic information. A contractarian account, suggesting that health is a condition of opportunity and that healthcare is an essential good, seems more promising. I conclude that if or when predictive medical tests (such as genetic tests) are developed with significant actuarial value, individuals have less reason to accept as fair institutions that limit access to healthcare on the grounds of risk status. Given the assumption that a division of risk pools in accordance with a rough estimate of people's level of (genetic) risk will occur, fairness and justice favour universal health insurance based on solidarity.

Beyond duplicity and ignorance in global fisheries

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Daniel Pauly

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The three decades following World War II were a period of rapidly increasing fishing effort and landings, but also of spectacular collapses, particularly in small pelagic fish stocks. This is also the period in which a toxic triad of catch underreporting, ignoring scientific advice and blaming the environment emerged as standard response to ongoing fisheries collapses, which became increasingly more frequent, finally engulfing major North Atlantic fisheries. The response to the depletion of traditional fishing grounds was an expansion of North Atlantic (and generally of northern hemisphere fisheries in three dimensions: southward, into deeper waters and into new taxa, i.e. catching and marketing species of fish and invertebrates previously spurned, and usually lower in the food web. This expansion provided many opportunities for mischief, as illustrated by the European Union’s negotiated ‘agreements’ for access to the fish resources of Northwest Africa, China’s agreement-fee exploitation of the same, and Japan blaming the resulting resource declines on the whales. Also, this expansion provided new opportunities for mislabelling seafood unfamiliar to North Americans and Europeans, and misleading consumers, thus reducing the impact of seafood guides and similar effort toward sustainability. With fisheries catches declining, aquaculture—despite all public relation efforts—not being able to pick up the slack, and rapidly increasing fuel prices, structural changes are to be expected in both the fishing industry and the scientific disciplines that study it and influence its governance. Notably, fisheries biology, now predominantly concerned with the welfare of the fishing industry, will have to be converted into fisheries conservation science, whose goal will be to resolve the toxic triad alluded to above, and thus maintain the marine biodiversity and ecosystems that provide existential services to fisheries. Similarly, fisheries

Démonstration du procédé IFP de désulfuration des fumées de centrales Demonstration of the Ifp Stack-Gas Desulfurization Process

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Busson C.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Les produits pétroliers et le charbon continueront à couvrir les besoins énergétiques pendant plusieurs décennies. La pollution par le SOZ, provenant de la combustion de ces combustibles fossiles, devient une préoccupation pour la population et les Pouvoirs publics. La désulfuration des fumées de combustion devrait, à plus ou moins longue échéance, se développer. L'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP, mettant à profit ses travaux dans le domaine de la désulfuration, a développé un procédé de traitement des fumées. L'IFP, en collaboration avec Électricité de France (EDF, a effectué en 1976 une opération de démonstration à une échelle pilote (30 MW dans la Centrale de Champagne-sur-Oise. Le procédé consiste à éliminer le S02 des fumées par lavage avec une solution ammoniacale, à produire du soufre à partir de la liqueur obtenue et à recycler l'ammoniaque dans l'étape de lavage. Après quelques modifications d'ordre technologique, l'unité de démonstration a fonctionné d'une manière continue pendant une période de trois mois, correspondant à l'objectif fixé. Les résultats obtenus permettent, actuellement, d'envisager une application de cette technique à une échelle de 250 MW. Oil and coal productswill continue to fulfill energy needs for several more decades. Pollution by SO2 coming from the combustion of such fossil fuels is becoming a preoccupation for the population and the public authorities. The desulfurization of combustion fumes should continue ta develop in the more or less long run. Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP has taken advantage of its research in the fixed of desulfurization to develop a stock-gas treating process. In collaboration with Électricite de Fronce (EDF, IFP carried out a demonsiration operation in 1976 on a pilot-plant scale (30MW in a power plant at Champagne-sur-Oise. The process consists in removing S02 from stock gases by scrubbing them with an ammonia solution

Gènere i TIC: el procés d’autoinclusió de les dones en les TIC. Una aproximació des de les tecnòlogues artístiques i les tecnòlogues informàtiques

OpenAIRE

Vergés Bosch, Núria

2012-01-01

En aquesta tesi s'analitza el procés d'autoinclusió de les dones en les TIC, entès com una estratègia on les dones se situen com agents conductores de la seva pròpia inclusió TIC. Per una banda, té per objectiu explorar la relació gènere i TIC. Per altra banda, conèixer les estratègies d'autoinclusió, és a dir, les principals motivacions, possibilitadors i mecanismes d'autoinclusió que hi intervenen. Finalment, es busca comparar aquestes qüestions per a les tecnòlogues artístiques i les tecnò...

Android： Analysis of its architecture and security mechanism

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2012-01-01

As Android operation system platform is widely used in smart phone, one important aspect should not be ignored -its security. As android is an open mobile platform, and also a programmable software framework, is it more safe than his competitor - Iphone, Symbian and so on？ This paper will present some security issues on the mobile phones, analyze the security principles and mechanisms based on the architecture and features of Android OS platform, then it will compare Android with some other mobile operation systems like Iphone, Symbian in area of security to make a conclusion that Android is a safe mobile OS to a certain extent.

Desiccator Volume: A Vital Yet Ignored Parameter in CaCO3 Crystallization by the Ammonium Carbonate Diffusion Method

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Joe Harris

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Employing the widely used ammonium carbonate diffusion method, we demonstrate that altering an extrinsic parameter—desiccator size—which is rarely detailed in publications, can alter the route of crystallization. Hexagonally packed assemblies of spherical magnesium-calcium carbonate particles or spherulitic aragonitic particles can be selectively prepared from the same initial reaction solution by simply changing the internal volume of the desiccator, thereby changing the rate of carbonate addition and consequently precursor formation. This demonstrates that it is not merely the quantity of an additive which can control particle morphogenesis and phase selectivity, but control of other often ignored parameters are vital to ensure adequate reproducibility.

Birth order, individual sex and sex of competitors determine the outcome of conflict among siblings over parental care

Science.gov (United States)

Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea; Boncoraglio, Giuseppe; Caprioli, Manuela; Saino, Nicola

2011-01-01

Success in competition for limiting parental resources depends on the interplay between parental decisions over allocation of care and offspring traits. Birth order, individual sex and sex of competing siblings are major candidates as determinants of success in sib–sib competition, but experimental studies focusing on the combined effect of these factors on parent–offspring communication and within-brood competitive dynamics are rare. Here, we assessed individual food intake and body mass gain during feeding trials in barn swallow chicks differing for seniority and sex, and compared the intensity of their acoustic and postural solicitation (begging) displays. Begging intensity and success in competition depended on seniority in combination with individual sex and sex of the opponent. Junior chicks begged more than seniors, independently of satiation level (which was also experimentally manipulated), and obtained greater access to food. Females were generally weaker competitors than males. Individual sex and sex of the opponent also affected duration of begging bouts. Present results thus show that competition with siblings can make the rearing environment variably harsh for developing chicks, depending on individual sex, sex of competing broodmates and age ranking within the nest. They also suggest that parental decisions on the allocation of care and response of kin to signalling siblings may further contribute to the outcome of sibling competition. PMID:20943688

Honing in on the Social Difficulties Associated With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Withdrawal, Peer Ignoring, and Low Engagement.

Science.gov (United States)

Becker, Stephen P; Garner, Annie A; Tamm, Leanne; Antonini, Tanya N; Epstein, Jeffery N

2017-03-13

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms are associated with social difficulties in children, though findings are mixed and many studies have used global measures of social impairment. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCT would be uniquely associated with aspects of social functioning characterized by withdrawal and isolation, whereas attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms would be uniquely associated with aspects of social functioning characterized by inappropriate responding in social situations and active peer exclusion. Participants were 158 children (70% boys) between 7-12 years of age being evaluated for possible ADHD. Both parents and teachers completed measures of SCT, ADHD, ODD, and internalizing (anxiety/depression) symptoms. Parents also completed ratings of social engagement and self-control. Teachers also completed measures assessing asociality and exclusion, as well as peer ignoring and dislike. In regression analyses controlling for demographic characteristics and other psychopathology symptoms, parent-reported SCT symptoms were significantly associated with lower social engagement (e.g., starting conversations, joining activities). Teacher-reported SCT symptoms were significantly associated with greater asociality/withdrawal and ratings of more frequent ignoring by peers, as well as greater exclusion. ODD symptoms and ADHD hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were more consistently associated with other aspects of social behavior, including peer exclusion, being disliked by peers, and poorer self-control during social situations. Findings provide the clearest evidence to date that the social difficulties associated with SCT are primarily due to withdrawal, isolation, and low initiative in social situations. Social skills training interventions may be effective for children displaying elevated SCT symptomatology.

« parce que son papa, madame Grégory a fait un civet, un civet avec le papa » Sur les procédures d’apprentissage du lexique : reprise et reformulation en langage oral à l’école maternelle

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Péroz Pierre

2014-07-01

Full Text Available A l’école maternelle, les enfants n’ont pas les compétences métalinguistiques qui leur permettraient de convoquer aisément l’image du mot isolé, voire d’imaginer ses contextes d’emplois ou ses différentes acceptions, comme peuvent le faire les apprenants qui sont déjà des lecteurs-scripteurs. De ce fait, les travaux sur l’apprentissage du lexique en contexte scolaire ne portent généralement pas sur la période pré-élémentaire. Comment les élèves apprennent-ils le vocabulaire qu’on leur présente au fil des séances disciplinaires ? Comment apprennent-ils des mots nouveaux, ou comment apprennent-ils les emplois différents des mots qu’ils connaissent déjà ? La communication présente les résultats de l’analyse d’un corpus transcrit d’une analyse d’une quinzaine de séances de langage en grande et en moyenne section. Elle montre que les procédures de reprise ou de reformulation qui sont à l’origine de l’apprentissage du lexique reposent essentiellement sur des mécanismes interactionnels, quel que soit le niveau des élèves. Plus les élèves sont faibles plus, ils ont besoin du matériel verbal déjà présent dans les échanges pour construire leurs propres interventions. Mais, c’est la même procédure que mobilisent les meilleurs élèves, à ceci près qu’ils sont capables aussi dans le même temps de l’appliquer à leur propre intervention. En s’appuyant sur des éléments verbaux déjà donnés et en reformulant des propositions qu’ils ont eux-mêmes construites, ils sont capables d’introduire dans des contextes adaptés des termes nouveaux dans leur intervention. Ce faisant, ils construisent les interventions les plus longues mais aussi qualitativement les plus intéressantes sur le plan lexical. Mais qu’on ne se méprenne pas, pour l’ensemble des élèves, c’est le développement de leurs compétences langagières, leur capacité à interagir avec les autres, qui est

Assessing niche separation among coexisting Limnohabitans strains through interactions with a competitor, viruses, and a bacterivore.

Science.gov (United States)

Simek, Karel; Kasalický, Vojtech; Hornák, Karel; Hahn, Martin W; Weinbauer, Markus G

2010-03-01

We investigated potential niche separation in two closely related (99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) syntopic bacterial strains affiliated with the R-BT065 cluster, which represents a subgroup of the genus Limnohabitans. The two strains, designated B4 and D5, were isolated concurrently from a freshwater reservoir. Differences between the strains were examined through monitoring interactions with a bacterial competitor, Flectobacillus sp. (FL), and virus- and predator-induced mortality. Batch-type cocultures, designated B4+FL and D5+FL, were initiated with a similar biomass ratio among the strains. The proportion of each cell type present in the cocultures was monitored based on clear differences in cell sizes. Following exponential growth for 28 h, the cocultures were amended by the addition of two different concentrations of live or heat-inactivated viruses concentrated from the reservoir. Half of virus-amended treatments were inoculated immediately with an axenic flagellate predator, Poterioochromonas sp. The presence of the predator, of live viruses, and of competition between the strains significantly affected their population dynamics in the experimentally manipulated treatments. While strains B4 and FL appeared vulnerable to environmental viruses, strain D5 did not. Predator-induced mortality had the greatest impact on FL, followed by that on D5 and then B4. The virus-vulnerable B4 strain had smaller cells and lower biomass yield, but it was less subject to grazing. In contrast, the seemingly virus-resistant D5, with slightly larger grazing-vulnerable cells, was competitive with FL. Overall, our data suggest contrasting ecophysiological capabilities and partial niche separation in two coexisting Limnohabitans strains.

That Escalated Quickly—Planning to Ignore RPE Can Backfire

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Maik Bieleke

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE are routinely assessed in exercise science and RPE is substantially associated with physiological criterion measures. According to the psychobiological model of endurance, RPE is a central limiting factor in performance. While RPE is known to be affected by psychological manipulations, it remains to be examined whether RPE can be self-regulated during static muscular endurance exercises to enhance performance. In this experiment, we investigate the effectiveness of the widely used and recommended self-regulation strategy of if-then planning (i.e., implementation intentions in down-regulating RPE and improving performance in a static muscular endurance task. 62 female students (age: M = 23.7 years, SD = 4.0 were randomly assigned to an implementation intention or a control condition and performed a static muscular endurance task. They held two intertwined rings as long as possible while avoiding contacts between the rings. In the implementation intention condition, participants had an if-then plan: “If the task becomes too strenuous for me, then I ignore the strain and tell myself: Keep going!” Every 25 ± 10 s participants reported their RPE along with their perceived pain. Endurance performance was measured as time to failure, along with contact errors as a measure of performance quality. No differences emerged between implementation intention and control participants regarding time to failure and performance quality. However, mixed-effects model analyses revealed a significant Time-to-Failure × Condition interaction for RPE. Compared to the control condition, participants in the implementation intention condition reported substantially greater increases in RPE during the second half of the task and reached higher total values of RPE before task termination. A similar but weaker pattern evinced for perceived pain. Our results demonstrate that RPE during an endurance task can be self-regulated with if

Experimental amplification of an entangled photon: what if the detection loophole is ignored?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pomarico, Enrico; Sanguinetti, Bruno; Sekatski, Pavel; Zbinden, Hugo; Gisin, Nicolas

2011-01-01

The experimental verification of quantum features, such as entanglement, at large scales is extremely challenging because of environment-induced decoherence. Indeed, measurement techniques for demonstrating the quantumness of multiparticle systems in the presence of losses are difficult to define, and if they are not sufficiently accurate they can provide wrong conclusions. We present a Bell test where one photon of an entangled pair is amplified and then detected by threshold detectors, whose signals undergo postselection. The amplification is performed by a classical machine, which produces a fully separable micro-macro state. However, by adopting such a technique one can surprisingly observe a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality. This is due to the fact that ignoring the detection loophole opened by the postselection and the system losses can lead to misinterpretations, such as claiming micro-macro entanglement in a setup where evidently it is not present. By using threshold detectors and postselection, one can only infer the entanglement of the initial pair of photons, and so micro-micro entanglement, as is further confirmed by the violation of a nonseparability criterion for bipartite systems. How to detect photonic micro-macro entanglement in the presence of losses with the currently available technology remains an open question.

Chemosensory cues of predators and competitors influence search for refuge in fruit by the coconut mite Aceria guerreronis.

Science.gov (United States)

Calvet, Érica C; Lima, Debora B; Melo, José W S; Gondim, Manoel G C

2018-03-01

Organisms are adapted to recognize environmental cues that can provide information about predation risk or competition. Non-vagrant eriophyoid mites mainly avoid predation by using habitats that are difficult for predators to access (galls or confined spaces in plants) such as the meristematic region of the coconut fruit, which is inhabited by the phytophagous mites Aceria guerreronis and Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of A. guerreronis to cues from the predators Neoseiulus baraki and Amblyseius largoensis in coconut fruits, cues from conspecifics (A. guerreronis injured) and cues from the phytophage S. concavuscutum. The test was carried out through the release of about 300 A. guerreronis on coconut fruits previously treated with cues from predators, conspecific or heterospecific phytophagous. We also observed the walking behaviour of A. guerreronis exposed to the same chemical cues using a video tracking system. The infestation of fruits by A. guerreronis was greater in the presence of predator cues and reduced in the presence of S. concavuscutum cues, but cues from injured conspecifics did not interfere in the infestation process. In addition, the cues also altered the walking parameters of A. guerreronis: it walked more in response to cues from predators and the heterospecific phytophage. Aceria guerreronis spent more time in activity in the treatments with clues than in the control treatment. These results suggest that A. guerreronis recognizes cues from predators and competitors and modifies its behaviour to increase its fitness.

Does the risk of sperm competition help explain cooperation between reproductive competitors? A study in the ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus).

Science.gov (United States)

Stiver, Kelly A; Alonzo, Suzanne H

2013-03-01

Although cooperating individuals may gain benefits, they risk being cheated by their allies. Therefore, to understand the persistence of cooperation by mutual benefits, it is important to document both the potential benefits of cooperation and the risks of cheating. We experimentally examined evidence of cooperation in the ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus), a fish species with males that exercise three reproductive strategies: satellite and sneaker males attempt to parasitically spawn in the nests of nesting males. Nesting males have been hypothesized to tolerate satellites as a result of satellite aid in defense against sneaker males and help in courting females. Here, we provide evidence that cooperation between reproductive competitors may arise in response to sperm competition from other males. After we experimentally removed satellites, nesting males had more sneakers at their nest and experienced a higher rate of sneaking when they spawned (increased sperm competition risk). When we experimentally distracted nesting males to prevent their acting aggressively toward satellites, satellites spawned with females and ate eggs in the nest. Our results suggest that nesting males and satellites gain fitness benefits of reduced direct reproductive and sperm competition through cooperation. However, nesting males risk losing paternity, while satellites experience increased aggression and must invest in aggression themselves (i.e., they act aggressively toward sneakers).

Ignorance is no excuse for directors minimizing information asymmetry affecting boards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eythor Ivar Jonsson

2006-11-01

Full Text Available This paper looks at information asymmetry at the board level and how lack of information has played a part in undermining the power of the board of directors. Information is power, and at board level, information is essential to keep the board knowledgeable about the failures and successes of the organization that it is supposed to govern. Although lack of information has become a popular excuse for boards, the mantra could –and should –be changing to, “Ignorance is no excuse” (Mueller, 1993. This paper explores some of these information system solutions that have the aim of resolving some of the problems of information asymmetry. Furthermore, three case studies are used to explore the problem of asymmetric information at board level and the how the boards are trying to solve the problem. The focus of the discussion is to a describe how directors experience the information asymmetry and if they find it troublesome, b how important information is for the control and strategy role of the board and c find out how boards can minimize the problem of asymmetric information. The research is conducted through semi-structured interviews with directors, managers and accountants. This paper offers an interesting exploration into information, or the lack of information, at board level. It describes both from a theoretical and practical viewpoint the problem of information asymmetry at board level and how companies are trying to solve this problem. It is an issue that has only been lightly touched upon in the corporate governance literature but is likely to attract more attention and research in the future.

La independència com a procés constituent. Consideracions constitucionals sobre la creació d'un estat català

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jordi Jaria i Manzano

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This contribution focuses in defining the constitutional framing for fulfilling a possible will of the people of Catalonia in order to constitute a new and independent state. The paper starts from the relevance of current constitutional framework, the Spanish Constitution, and acknowledges the impossibility of channelling secession through this framework. The reason of this is because secession implies the emergency of a primary political subject, ignored by the current constitutional structure and addressing to exercise framing (constituent power. Therefore amending power is not of relevance here. Nevertheless, it should be made a distinction between the expression of this framing will, which can be accommodated to current constitutional framework, and its fulfilment, which is clearly beyond. However, the framing process of emergent community should be respectful with the pre-existent community, within a supraconstitutional framework built by both actors implied, and based on democratic principle and rule of law, conceived in a substantial sense.

Commentary: Ignorance as Bias: Radiolab, Yellow Rain, and “The Fact of the Matter”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Hillmer

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In 2012 the National Public Radio show “Radiolab” released a podcast (later broadcast on air essentially asserting that Hmong victims of a suspected chemical agent known as “yellow rain” were ignorant of their surroundings and the facts, and were merely victims of exposure, dysentery, tainted water, and other natural causes. Relying heavily on the work of Dr. Matthew Meselson, Dr. Thomas Seeley, and former CIA officer Merle Pribbenow, Radiolab asserted that Hmong victims mistook bee droppings, defecated en masse from flying Asian honey bees, as “yellow rain.” They brought their foregone conclusions to an interview with Eng Yang, a self-described yellow rain survivor, and his niece, memoirist Kao Kalia Yang, who served as translator. The interview went horribly wrong when their dogged belief in the “bee dung hypothesis” was met with stiff and ultimately impassioned opposition. Radiolab’s confirmation bias led them to dismiss contradictory scientific evidence and mislead their audience. While the authors remain agnostic about the potential use of yellow rain in Southeast Asia, they believe the evidence shows that further study is needed before a final conclusion can be reached.

Toward a Competitive Process Intensification: A New Generation of Heat Exchanger-Reactors Vers une intensification des procédés économiquement viable : une nouvelle génération de réacteur-échangeur de chaleur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tochon P.

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Process Intensification (PI in chemical production is a major concern of chemical manufacturers. Among the numerous options to intensify a process, the transposition from a batch reactor to a continuous plug flow reactor is a good alternative when the selectivity and the thermal exchange are an issue. In this context, the RAPIC R&D project aims to develop an innovative low-cost component (in the 10 kg/h range. This project deals with the design from the local to the global scale and with testing, from elementary mock-ups to pilot scale. The present paper gives a detailed description of this research project and presents the main results on specification and definition of the reaction channel and the first simple mock-ups. L’intensification des procédés (IP constitue une des préoccupations majeures de l’industrie chimique. Parmi les nombreuses options possibles pour intensifier un procédé, lorsque le sujet concerne la sélectivité et l’échange thermique, la transposition d’un réacteur discontinu à un réacteur tubulaire continu paraît une bonne alternative. Dans ce contexte, le projet de R&D RAPIC consiste à développer un composant innovant à bas coût (environ 10 kg/heure. Ce projet porte sur la phase de conception, du niveau local au niveau global, et sur la phase de tests, depuis les maquettes élémentaires jusqu’aux essais pilote. Cet article propose une description détaillée de ce projet de recherche et présente les principaux résultats obtenus sur la définition et la spécification du canal de réaction, ainsi que les premières maquettes simples.

Le procédé de blanchiment dans les ateliers monétaires français au XV-XVIème siècle: approche archéométrique et expérimentale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Téreygeol, Florian

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In the late nineties, excavations in La Rochelle (France have discovered the remains of a royal mint of the sixteenth century. This discovery enabled the collection of artefacts directly related to the manufacture of coins. The exceptional corpus gathered is the subject of a study of the chaîne opératoire of coining in the medieval time. Special attention is paid to an operation which takes place before the strike: the blanching of blanks. Well documented in ancient times, the samples from La Rochelle offer the opportunity to study this process during the medieval period and in a royal mint. In addition, thanks to reconstitution experiments, it is possible to define a reaction mechanism that helps to understand our historical observations.[fr] À la fin des années quatre-vingtdix, des fouilles menées à La Rochelle (France ont permis de mettre au jour les vestiges d’un atelier monétaire royal du XVIe siècle. Cette découverte a permis la collecte de matériel directement liée à la fabrication monétaire. Le corpus exceptionnel rassemblé est l’objet d’une étude qui vise à mettre en évidence la chaîne opératoire de fabrication de monnaie à l’époque considérée. Un intérêt particulier est porté à une technique d’argenture qui intervient avant la frappe des monnaies, le blanchiment des flans. Bien documenté pour les périodes antiques, le matériel de La Rochelle offre la possibilité de mettre en évidence ce procédé pour une période plus récente et dans un cadre officiel. De plus, à partir d’expériences de reconstitution, il a été possible de proposer un mécanisme réactionnel. Les hypothèses proposées permettent alors de dégager des implications historiques dans le procédé de fabrication.

On the practice of ignoring center-patient interactions in evaluating hospital performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Varewyck, Machteld; Vansteelandt, Stijn; Eriksson, Marie; Goetghebeur, Els

2016-01-30

We evaluate the performance of medical centers based on a continuous or binary patient outcome (e.g., 30-day mortality). Common practice adjusts for differences in patient mix through outcome regression models, which include patient-specific baseline covariates (e.g., age and disease stage) besides center effects. Because a large number of centers may need to be evaluated, the typical model postulates that the effect of a center on outcome is constant over patient characteristics. This may be violated, for example, when some centers are specialized in children or geriatric patients. Including interactions between certain patient characteristics and the many fixed center effects in the model increases the risk for overfitting, however, and could imply a loss of power for detecting centers with deviating mortality. Therefore, we assess how the common practice of ignoring such interactions impacts the bias and precision of directly and indirectly standardized risks. The reassuring conclusion is that the common practice of working with the main effects of a center has minor impact on hospital evaluation, unless some centers actually perform substantially better on a specific group of patients and there is strong confounding through the corresponding patient characteristic. The bias is then driven by an interplay of the relative center size, the overlap between covariate distributions, and the magnitude of the interaction effect. Interestingly, the bias on indirectly standardized risks is smaller than on directly standardized risks. We illustrate our findings by simulation and in an analysis of 30-day mortality on Riksstroke. © 2015 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Thermodynamic studies of a series of homologous HIV-1 TAR RNA ligands reveal that loose binders are stronger Tat competitors than tight ones.

Science.gov (United States)

Pascale, Lise; Azoulay, Stéphane; Di Giorgio, Audrey; Zenacker, Laura; Gaysinski, Marc; Clayette, Pascal; Patino, Nadia

2013-06-01

RNA is a major drug target, but the design of small molecules that modulate RNA function remains a great challenge. In this context, a series of structurally homologous 'polyamide amino acids' (PAA) was studied as HIV-1 trans-activating response (TAR) RNA ligands. An extensive thermodynamic study revealed the occurence of an enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenon resulting in very close TAR affinities for all PAA. However, their binding modes and their ability to compete with the Tat fragment strongly differ according to their structure. Surprisingly, PAA that form loose complexes with TAR were shown to be stronger Tat competitors than those forming tight ones, and thermal denaturation studies demonstrated that loose complexes are more stable than tight ones. This could be correlated to the fact that loose and tight ligands induce distinct RNA conformational changes as revealed by circular dichroism experiments, although nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments showed that the TAR binding site is the same in all cases. Finally, some loose PAA also display promising inhibitory activities on HIV-infected cells. Altogether, these results lead to a better understanding of RNA interaction modes that could be very useful for devising new ligands of relevant RNA targets.

Individual adjustment of sperm expenditure accords with sperm competition theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Pilastro, Andrea; Scaggiante, Marta; Rasotto, Maria B

2002-07-23

Sperm competition theory predicts that males should strategically allocate their sperm reserves according to the level of sperm competition, defined as the probability that the sperm of two males compete for fertilizing a given set of ova. Substantial evidence from numerous animal taxa suggests that, at the individual level, sperm expenditure increases when the risk of sperm competition is greater. In contrast, according to the "intensity model" of sperm competition [Parker, G. A., Ball, M. A., Stockley, P. & Gage, M. J. G. (1996) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 263, 1291-1297], when more than two ejaculates compete during a given mating event, sperm expenditure should decrease as the number of competing males increases. Empirical evidence supporting this prediction, however, is still lacking. Here we measured sperm expenditure in two gobiid fishes, the grass (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus) and black goby (Gobius niger), in which up to six sneakers can congregate around the nest of territorial males and release their sperm when females spawn. We show that, in accordance with theory, sneaker males of both species release fewer sperm as the number of competitors increases.

Competitor see, competitor do: Incumbent entry in new market niches

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Debruyne, M.; Reibstein, D.

2005-01-01

The ability to keep up with changing technology is critical for a company's long-term survival. However, companies have to balance the risk of rushing into new areas and potentially cannibalizing their existing business against the risk of missing the emerging market. This paper investigates when

Optimisation énergétique des procédés de séparation en raffinage et en traitement de gaz naturel Optimal Use of Energy in Separation Processes for Refining and Natural Gas Treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rojey A.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article présente une méthode d'optimisation des procédés de séparation basée sur une analyse thermodynamique. Cette analyse s'appuie sur un bilan exergétique qui est établi dans le cas général d'un système quelconque opérant en régime permanent. Les facteurs qui conditionnent le rendement exergétique d'un procédé de séparation sont ensuite examinés. Il en résulte une méthode d'optimisation basée sur une réduction des irréversibilités thermodynamiques. Des exemples concrets d'application en raffinage et en traitement de gaz naturel sont présentés, et on montre comment cette analyse peut déboucher sur la conception de procédés innovants. The optimization of separation units in refining and natural-gas processing must take into consideration new needs and constraints that may seem incompatible. New installations must be designed not only on the basis of energy optimization but also by seeking to minimize investments and to respect new rules concerning environmental protection. The optimization described in this article is based on a thermodynamic analysis of different material and energy exchanges, The energybalance provides a suitable basis for making this analysis. It leads to the defining of an exergy efficiency that is all the higher as the thermodynamic irreversibilities are reduced, and that tends toward one for an ideal reversible system. For a separation process, a separation exergyterm is defined that correspond to the minimum separation work . Distillation is the basic separation operation. The exergy efficiency of this operation is low, and we show that, even in a relatively favorable cas, it is no greater than a value of about 6%. For an atmospheric distillation operation of crude oil, the exergy efficiency is about 4%. This overall exergy efficiency is the product of an external exergy efficiency and an internal exergy efficiency. The external exergy efficiency can be improved by better thermal

El procés d'integració de la primera biblioteca interuniversitària d'Espanya : la Biblioteca del campus universitari de Manresa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Riu Amblàs, Trini

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Fa deu anys, la biblioteca de l'Escola Politècnica Superior d'Enginyeria de Manresa de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, la de la Fundació Universitària del Bages i la del Centre de Suport del Bages de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, s'integraven per formar una única biblioteca universitària: la Biblioteca del campus universitari de Manresa. Amb l'objectiu de descriure aquest procés d'integració, s'introdueix què són les biblioteques integrades, se n'enumeren els beneficis i se'n presenten els diferents models. A continuació, partint de l'experiència, es defineixen les actuacions dutes a terme per aconseguir la integració total d'usuaris, recursos i serveis, i es descriu l'estructura i organització creades per integrar de manera eficient les biblioteques existents en una de nova. Així, s'analitza el context i es descriu la gestió duta a terme en cada una de les fases del procés, des de la planificació i definició del projecte fins a la integració total del personal, els serveis, el fons i el catàleg. Finalment, es posen de manifest les aportacions de l'experiència d'integrar-se i treballar conjuntament durant deu anys.Hace diez años, la biblioteca de la Escola Politècnica Superior d'Enginyeria de Manresa de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, la de la Fundació Universitària del Bages y la del Centre de Suport del Bages de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya se integraban para formar una única biblioteca universitaria: la Biblioteca del campus universitario de Manresa. Con el objetivo de describir este proceso de integración, se introduce qué son las bibliotecas integradas, se enumeran sus beneficios y se presentan sus diferentes modelos. A continuación, partiendo de la experiencia, se definen las actuaciones llevadas a cabo para conseguir la integración total de usuarios, recursos y servicios, y se describe la estructura y organización creadas para integrar de manera eficiente las bibliotecas

VnpProcServiceV2

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Veterans Affairs — Common web service for VONAPP Finds all the vnp process information, find vnp process information by primary key, create vnp process information, update vnp process...

PEEL V HAMON J&C ENGINEERING (PTY LTD: Ignoring The Result-Requirement of Section 163(1(A of the Companies Act And Extending the Oppression Remedy Beyond its statutorily intended reach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

HGJ Beukes

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This case note provides a concise and understandable version of the confusing facts in Peel v Hamon J&C Engineering (Pty Ltd, and deals with the remedy provided for in section 163 of the Companies Act (the oppression remedy. The importance of drawing a distinction between the application of this section and the orders that the Court can make to provide relief in terms of subsection (2 is explained, after which each requirement contained in subsection (1(a is analysed. With reference to the locus standi-requirement, it is indicated that the judgment is not to be regarded as authority for the contention that a shareholder or a director who wants to exercise the oppression remedy need not have been a shareholder or a director of the company at the time of the conduct. With reference to the conduct-requirement, it is indicated that it would have been more appropriate for the applicants to have made use of a remedy in terms of the law of contract. Most importantly, the result-requirement is indicated to have been ignored, as a lack of certainty that there will be a result is argued not to constitute a result. Ignoring the result-requirement is explained to have resulted in ignoring the detriment-requirement, in turn. Accordingly, it is concluded that the oppression remedy was utilised without the specified statutory criteria having been satisfied and that the applicants' interests were protected by a remedy which should not have found application under the circumstances, as this was beyond the remedy's statutorily intended reach.

La production des oléfines. Etat de la technique et développement dans le domaine des réacteurs chimiques et des procédés Olefin Production. State of Technology and Developement in the Field of Chemical Reactors and Processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amouyal R.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available La production des oléfines légères : éthylène, propylène et butadiène est actuellement entièrement basée sur le vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures dans des fours tubulaires. L'industrie doit faire face à un problème de coûts de production croissants, en grande partie dû au renchérissement des hydrocarbures et de l'énergie. D'autres procédés que le vapocraquage ont été proposés pour favoriser la diversification sur le plan des matières premières ; certains ont même été exploités industriellement. Le présent article fait le point sur l'état des développements en cours concernant plus particulièrement les procédés suivants : - craquage autothermique ; - craquage par caloporteur solide ; - craquage cyclique ; - craquage catalytique ; - prétraitement de charges lourdes ; - oléfines à partir de gaz de synthèse ; - oléfines à partir de biomasse. The production of light olefins (ethylene, propylene and butadien is now based entirely on hydrocarbon steam cracking in pipe stills. The industry must face the problem of increasing production costs, largely due to the higher costs of hydrocarbons and energy. Processes other than steam cracking have been proposed to promote diversification with regard to raw materials, and some such processes have even operated industrially. This article sums up the state of ongoing developments concerning in particular the following processes: a autothermal cracking; b cracking by a solid heat carrier; c cyclic cracking; d catalytic cracking ; e preprocessing of heavy feeds; f olefins from synthetic gas; g olefins from biomass.

Cross calibration of IRS-P4 OCM satellite sensor

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Suresh, T.; Desa, E.; Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q.; Matondkar, S.G.P.; Naik, P.; Nayak, S.R.

Vol. 6404 640414-2 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6404 640414-3 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6404 640414-4 S. ..t . . Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6404 640414-5 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6404 640414-6 0,E 0,E VC) I-a C C) C) Cu Cl) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 Measured (mg/rn3) Proc...

Perceptions of a fluid consensus: uniqueness bias, false consensus, false polarization, and pluralistic ignorance in a water conservation crisis.

Science.gov (United States)

Monin, Benoît; Norton, Michael I

2003-05-01

A 5-day field study (N = 415) during and right after a shower ban demonstrated multifaceted social projection and the tendency to draw personality inferences from simple behavior in a time of drastic consensus change. Bathers thought showering was more prevalent than did non-bathers (false consensus) and respondents consistently underestimated the prevalence of the desirable and common behavior--be it not showering during the shower ban or showering after the ban (uniqueness bias). Participants thought that bathers and non-bathers during the ban differed greatly in their general concern for the community, but self-reports demonstrated that this gap was illusory (false polarization). Finally, bathers thought other bathers cared less than they did, whereas non-bathers thought other non-bathers cared more than they did (pluralistic ignorance). The study captures the many biases at work in social perception in a time of social change.

Passionate ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hyldgaard, Kirsten

2006-01-01

Psychoanalysis has nothing to say about education. Psychoanalysis has something to say about pedagogy; psychoanalysis has pedagogical-philosophical implications. Pedagogy, in distinction to education, addresses the question of the subject. This implies that pedagogical theory is and cannot be a s...

Fatal ignorance.

Science.gov (United States)

1996-01-01

The Rajiv Gandhi Foundation (RGF), together with the AIMS-affiliated NGO AIDS Cell, Delhi, held a workshop as part of an effort to raise a 90-doctor RGF AIDS workforce which will work together with nongovernmental organizations on AIDS prevention, control, and management. 25 general practitioners registered with the Indian Medical Council, who have practiced medicine in Delhi for the past 10-20 years, responded to a pre-program questionnaire on HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. 6 out of the 25 physicians did not know what the acronym AIDS stands for, extremely low awareness of the clinical aspects of the disease was revealed, 9 believed in the conspiracy theory of HIV development and accidental release by the US Central Intelligence Agency, 8 believed that AIDS is a problem of only the promiscuous, 18 did not know that the mode of HIV transmission is similar to that of the hepatitis B virus, 12 were unaware that HIV-infected people will test HIV-seronegative during the first three months after initial infection and that they will develop symptoms of full-blown AIDS only after 10 years, 10 did not know the name of even one drug used to treat the disease, 3 believed aspirin to be an effective drug against AIDS, many believed fantastic theories about the modes of HIV transmission, and many were acutely homophobic. Efforts were made to clear misconceptions about HIV during the workshop. It is hoped that participating doctors' attitudes about AIDS and the high-risk groups affected by it were also improved.

Some Consideration On Knowledge Management Implication On Organization's Competitiveness

Science.gov (United States)

Draghici, Anca; Ciortan, Marius Areta; Florea, Claudia

2015-07-01

The research described in this paper has been focused on two objectives: to debate the knowledge management's active role for organizations competitive advantage and to describe information technology's capabilities in leveraging the knowledge worker's competencies. For the purposes of this article, competitive advantage is perceived as a strength that provides a market advantage relative to a competitor. Often competitive advantage is related to the core competencies of the organisation, which are frequently based on implicit know-how or tacit knowledge. This intangible, unstructured knowledge is difficult to manage; consequently management has ignored it when designing business strategy. However, the increased competitive pressures of the post-industrial global economy and the exponential advances in computing power have increased management's interest in knowledge as a sustainable source of competitive advantage.

Intertitre et film narratif de fiction : Genèses, développements, et logiques d’un procédé filmographique, 1895-1916. L'exemple de la production aux Etats-Unis et le cas d’Intolerance (D. W. Griffith, 1916)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dupré la Tour, C.M.S.

2016-01-01

The silent film intertitle has long been ignored by cinema history and theory, and by film archives; or regarded as an intruder, a palliative to the absence of sound, which became obsolete after the invention of talking pictures. The teleology imbued in this historiographical trend, influenced by

Tobacco Usage in Uttarakhand: A Dangerous Combination of High Prevalence, Widespread Ignorance, and Resistance to Quitting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathan John Grills

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Nearly one-third of adults in India use tobacco, resulting in 1.2 million deaths. However, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP related to smoking in the impoverished state of Uttarakhand. Methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological prevalence survey was undertaken. Multistage cluster sampling selected 20 villages and 50 households to survey from which 1853 people were interviewed. Tobacco prevalence and KAP were analyzed by income level, occupation, age, and sex. 95% confidence intervals were calculated using standard formulas and incorporating assumptions in relation to the clustering effect. Results. The overall prevalence of tobacco usage, defined using WHO criteria, was 38.9%. 93% of smokers and 86% of tobacco chewers were male. Prevalence of tobacco use, controlling for other factors, was associated with lower education, older age, and male sex. 97.6% of users and 98.1% of nonusers wanted less tobacco. Except for lung cancer (89% awareness, awareness of diseases caused by tobacco usage was low (cardiac: 67%; infertility: 32.5%; stroke: 40.5%. Conclusion. A dangerous combination of high tobacco usage prevalence, ignorance about its dangers, and few quit attempts being made suggests the need to develop effective and evidence based interventions to prevent a health and development disaster in Uttarakhand.

A simple approach to ignoring irrelevant variables by population decoding based on multisensory neurons

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, HyungGoo R.; Pitkow, Xaq; Angelaki, Dora E.

2016-01-01

Sensory input reflects events that occur in the environment, but multiple events may be confounded in sensory signals. For example, under many natural viewing conditions, retinal image motion reflects some combination of self-motion and movement of objects in the world. To estimate one stimulus event and ignore others, the brain can perform marginalization operations, but the neural bases of these operations are poorly understood. Using computational modeling, we examine how multisensory signals may be processed to estimate the direction of self-motion (i.e., heading) and to marginalize out effects of object motion. Multisensory neurons represent heading based on both visual and vestibular inputs and come in two basic types: “congruent” and “opposite” cells. Congruent cells have matched heading tuning for visual and vestibular cues and have been linked to perceptual benefits of cue integration during heading discrimination. Opposite cells have mismatched visual and vestibular heading preferences and are ill-suited for cue integration. We show that decoding a mixed population of congruent and opposite cells substantially reduces errors in heading estimation caused by object motion. In addition, we present a general formulation of an optimal linear decoding scheme that approximates marginalization and can be implemented biologically by simple reinforcement learning mechanisms. We also show that neural response correlations induced by task-irrelevant variables may greatly exceed intrinsic noise correlations. Overall, our findings suggest a general computational strategy by which neurons with mismatched tuning for two different sensory cues may be decoded to perform marginalization operations that dissociate possible causes of sensory inputs. PMID:27334948

Ignoring detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use overestimates regional terrestrial carbon sequestration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Q. Zhao

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Land use change is critical in determining the distribution, magnitude and mechanisms of terrestrial carbon budgets at the local to global scales. To date, almost all regional to global carbon cycle studies are driven by a static land use map or land use change statistics with decadal time intervals. The biases in quantifying carbon exchange between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere caused by using such land use change information have not been investigated. Here, we used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS, along with consistent and spatially explicit land use change scenarios with different intervals (1 yr, 5 yrs, 10 yrs and static, respectively, to evaluate the impacts of land use change data frequency on estimating regional carbon sequestration in the southeastern United States. Our results indicate that ignoring the detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use can lead to a significant overestimation of carbon uptake by the terrestrial ecosystem. Regional carbon sequestration increased from 0.27 to 0.69, 0.80 and 0.97 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ when land use change data frequency shifting from 1 year to 5 years, 10 years interval and static land use information, respectively. Carbon removal by forest harvesting and prolonged cumulative impacts of historical land use change on carbon cycle accounted for the differences in carbon sequestration between static and dynamic land use change scenarios. The results suggest that it is critical to incorporate the detailed dynamics of land use change into local to global carbon cycle studies. Otherwise, it is impossible to accurately quantify the geographic distributions, magnitudes, and mechanisms of terrestrial carbon sequestration at the local to global scales.

Ignoring the irrelevant: auditory tolerance of audible but innocuous sounds in the bat-detecting ears of moths

Science.gov (United States)

Fullard, James H.; Ratcliffe, John M.; Jacobs, David S.

2008-03-01

Noctuid moths listen for the echolocation calls of hunting bats and respond to these predator cues with evasive flight. The African bollworm moth, Helicoverpa armigera, feeds at flowers near intensely singing cicadas, Platypleura capensis, yet does not avoid them. We determined that the moth can hear the cicada by observing that both of its auditory receptors (A1 and A2 cells) respond to the cicada’s song. The firing response of the A1 cell rapidly adapts to the song and develops spike periods in less than a second that are in excess of those reported to elicit avoidance flight to bats in earlier studies. The possibility also exists that for at least part of the day, sensory input in the form of olfaction or vision overrides the moth’s auditory responses. While auditory tolerance appears to allow H. armigera to exploit a food resource in close proximity to acoustic interference, it may render their hearing defence ineffective and make them vulnerable to predation by bats during the evening when cicadas continue to sing. Our study describes the first field observation of an eared insect ignoring audible but innocuous sounds.

Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors

Science.gov (United States)

Ruzicka, James J.; Steele, John H.; Ballerini, Tosca; Gaichas, Sarah K.; Ainley, David G.

2013-09-01

Similarly structured food web models of four coastal ecosystems (Northern California Current, Central Gulf of Alaska, Georges Bank, southwestern Antarctic Peninsula) were used to investigate competition among whales, fishes, pinnipeds, and humans. Two analysis strategies simulated the effects of historic baleen and odontocete whale abundances across all trophic levels: food web structure scenarios and time-dynamic scenarios. Direct competition between whales and commercial fisheries is small at current whale abundances; whales and fisheries each take similar proportions of annual pelagic fish production (4-7%). Scenarios show that as whale populations grow, indirect competition between whales and fish for zooplankton would more likely impact fishery production than would direct competition for fish between whales and commercial fisheries. Increased baleen whale abundance would have greater and broader indirect effects on upper trophic levels and fisheries than a similar increase in odontocete abundance. Time-dynamic scenarios, which allow for the evolution of compensatory mechanisms, showed more modest impacts than structural scenarios, which show the immediate impacts of altered energy pathways. Structural scenarios show that in terms of energy availability, there is potential for large increases in whale abundance without major changes to existing food web structures and without substantial reduction of fishery production. For each ecosystem, a five-fold increase in baleen whale abundance could be supported with minor disruptions to existing energy flow pathways. However, such an increase would remain below historical population levels for many cetaceans. A larger expansion (20X) could be accommodated only with large reductions in energy flow to competitor groups. The scope for odontocete expansion varies between ecosystems but may be more restricted than the scope for baleen expansion because they feed at higher, less productive trophic levels. Egestion

A Case Study: Business Process Reengineering at Raymond W. Bliss Army Community Hospital

Science.gov (United States)

1997-05-01

Among the causes listed are: • Inadequate Management of Resistance • Attempting Painless Reengineering • Lack of Understanding About Reengineering...Parathyroid Proc. 0.9554 $5,458 1 0.9554 $5,458 SD 290 Thyroid Proc 0.9362 $5,349 3 2.8086 $16,046 SD 291 Thyroglossal Proc 0.4657 $2,661 2 0.9314 $5,321...Tissues Breast Age 0-17 0.6146 $2,799 SD 284 Minor skin disord. w/o CC 0.4042 $1,841 SD 289 Parathyroid Proc. 0.9554 $4,351 SD 290 Thyroid Proc

Exposure to advertisement calls of reproductive competitors activates vocal-acoustic and catecholaminergic neurons in the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus.

Science.gov (United States)

Petersen, Christopher L; Timothy, Miky; Kim, D Spencer; Bhandiwad, Ashwin A; Mohr, Robert A; Sisneros, Joseph A; Forlano, Paul M

2013-01-01

While the neural circuitry and physiology of the auditory system is well studied among vertebrates, far less is known about how the auditory system interacts with other neural substrates to mediate behavioral responses to social acoustic signals. One species that has been the subject of intensive neuroethological investigation with regard to the production and perception of social acoustic signals is the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, in part because acoustic communication is essential to their reproductive behavior. Nesting male midshipman vocally court females by producing a long duration advertisement call. Females localize males by their advertisement call, spawn and deposit all their eggs in their mate's nest. As multiple courting males establish nests in close proximity to one another, the perception of another male's call may modulate individual calling behavior in competition for females. We tested the hypothesis that nesting males exposed to advertisement calls of other males would show elevated neural activity in auditory and vocal-acoustic brain centers as well as differential activation of catecholaminergic neurons compared to males exposed only to ambient noise. Experimental brains were then double labeled by immunofluorescence (-ir) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme necessary for catecholamine synthesis, and cFos, an immediate-early gene product used as a marker for neural activation. Males exposed to other advertisement calls showed a significantly greater percentage of TH-ir cells colocalized with cFos-ir in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and the dopaminergic periventricular posterior tuberculum, as well as increased numbers of cFos-ir neurons in several levels of the auditory and vocal-acoustic pathway. Increased activation of catecholaminergic neurons may serve to coordinate appropriate behavioral responses to male competitors. Additionally, these results implicate a role for specific catecholaminergic neuronal groups in

Sophisticated approval voting, ignorance priors, and plurality heuristics: a behavioral social choice analysis in a Thurstonian framework.

Science.gov (United States)

Regenwetter, Michel; Ho, Moon-Ho R; Tsetlin, Ilia

2007-10-01

This project reconciles historically distinct paradigms at the interface between individual and social choice theory, as well as between rational and behavioral decision theory. The authors combine a utility-maximizing prescriptive rule for sophisticated approval voting with the ignorance prior heuristic from behavioral decision research and two types of plurality heuristics to model approval voting behavior. When using a sincere plurality heuristic, voters simplify their decision process by voting for their single favorite candidate. When using a strategic plurality heuristic, voters strategically focus their attention on the 2 front-runners and vote for their preferred candidate among these 2. Using a hierarchy of Thurstonian random utility models, the authors implemented these different decision rules and tested them statistically on 7 real world approval voting elections. They cross-validated their key findings via a psychological Internet experiment. Although a substantial number of voters used the plurality heuristic in the real elections, they did so sincerely, not strategically. Moreover, even though Thurstonian models do not force such agreement, the results show, in contrast to common wisdom about social choice rules, that the sincere social orders by Condorcet, Borda, plurality, and approval voting are identical in all 7 elections and in the Internet experiment. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.

Temporal overlaps of feral cats with prey and competitors in primary and human-altered habitats on Bohol Island, Philippines.

Science.gov (United States)

Bogdan, Vlastimil; Jůnek, Tomáš; Jůnková Vymyslická, Pavla

2016-01-01

The vertebrate fauna of the Philippines, known for its diversity and high proportion of endemic species, comprises mainly small- to medium-sized forms with a few large exceptions. As with other tropical ecosystems, the major threats to wildlife are habitat loss, hunting and invasive species, of which the feral cat (Felis catus) is considered the most damaging. Our camera-trapping study focused on a terrestrial vertebrate species inventory on Bohol Island and tempo-spatial co-occurrences of feral cats with their prey and competitors. The survey took place in the Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, and we examined the primary rainforest, its border with agricultural land, and rural areas in the vicinity of villages. Altogether, over 2,885 trap days we captured 30 species of vertebrates-10 mammals (including Sus philippensis), 19 birds and one reptile, Varanus cumingi. We trapped 81.8% of expected vertebrates. Based on the number of events, the most frequent native species was the barred rail (Gallirallus torquatus). The highest overlap in diel activity between cats and potential prey was recorded with rodents in rural areas (Δ = 0.62); the lowest was in the same habitat with ground-dwelling birds (Δ = 0.40). Cat activity was not recorded inside the rainforest; in other habitats their diel activity pattern differed. The cats' activity declined in daylight in the proximity of humans, while it peaked at the transition zone between rainforest and fields. Both rodents and ground-dwelling birds exhibited a shift in activity levels between sites where cats were present or absent. Rodents tend to become active by day in cat-free habitats. No cats' temporal response to co-occurrences of civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus and Viverra tangalunga) was found but cats in diel activity avoided domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Our first insight into the ecology of this invasive predator in the Philippines revealed an avoidance of homogeneous primary rainforest and a

Sur la filabilité d'une laine teinte en bac-ouvert et d'une laine teinte à la continue

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Werker, W.; Mulder, D.; Stomph, J.; Schartman, A.F.

1966-01-01

Afin de constater, si la teinture selon le procédé à la continue ou selon le procédé en bac-ouvert influence les résultats dans Ia filature, on a teint deux lots homogènes à 18OO kg par lot en quatre parties: 450 kg, procédé à la continue, teints en rouge, 450 kg, procédé bac-ouvert, teints en

Is there a right not to know one's sex? The ethics of 'gender verification' in women's sports competition.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiesemann, Claudia

2011-04-01

The paper discusses the current medical practice of 'gender verification' in sports from an ethical point of view. It takes the recent public discussion about 800 m runner Caster Semenya as a starting point. At the World Championships in Athletics 2009 in Berlin, Germany, Semenya was challenged by competitors as being a so called 'sex impostor'. A medical examination to verify her sex ensued. The author analyses whether athletes like Semenya could claim a right not to know that is generally acknowledged in human genetics and enforced by international and national genetic privacy laws. The relevance of this right for genetic diagnosis in sports is discussed. To this end, the interests of the athlete concerned and of third parties are balanced according to the expected benefits and harms.Harm is documented in a number of cases and includes unjustified disqualification, severe sex and gender identity crisis, demeaning reactions, social isolation, depression and suicide. Benefits are dubious as most cases of intersex are considered irrelevant for sports competition. It has to be concluded that the benefits to be gained from 'gender verification' in sports via genetic testing do not outweigh the grave individual disadvantages. The current practice of athletic associations to largely ignore the right of competitors not to know does not comply with prevailing ethical provisions on the protection of sensitive personal data. Therefore, genetic 'gender verification' in sports should be abolished.

La « Nouvelle Mosquée » d’Alger. Le déroulement d’une procédure constructive au xviie siècle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samia Chergui

2012-01-01

Full Text Available « La Nouvelle Mosquée » est érigée, à la fin du xviie siècle, dans la seule perspective de doter le rite hanéfite de sa propre Grande Mosquée. Cette nouvelle édification relève, à l’évidence, d’une procédure collective exceptionnelle, celle qu’entreprend la milice d’Alger, en l’occurrence le corps des janissaires, en puisant dans les fonds des Subul al-Khayrât. L’examen du livre de comptes qu’avait tenu cette institution ḥabûs, responsable de la gestion de la plupart des mosquées hanéfites et de leurs awqâf, aussitôt après le lancement du chantier, a permis de suivre le déroulement des travaux sur une période de presque dix années, soit de 1067/1656-1657 à 1076/1665-1666. Ce rôle de chantier apporte des éclairages significatifs notamment sur la nature, la provenance, la quantité et le coût des matériaux employés à la construction. Ils ne manquent pas non plus de documenter les aspects concernant leur fabrication, voire leur préparation, et quelque rares fois leur mise en œuvre ; une mise en œuvre qui, ici, revient à la dextérité de nombreux hommes, mobilisés dans le cadre corporatif. La comptabilité salariale, tenue en cette occasion, compte d’ailleurs parmi les rares initiatives de gestion qui ont permis, durant au moins une décennie, de consigner les plus amples détails non seulement sur le profil distinctif de l’ensemble de ces intervenants, mais également sur leur origine géographique, voire confessionnelle.

Using the Web for Competitive Intelligence (CI) Gathering

Science.gov (United States)

Rocker, JoAnne; Roncaglia, George

2002-01-01

Businesses use the Internet as a way to communicate company information as a way of engaging their customers. As the use of the Web for business transactions and advertising grows, so too, does the amount of useful information for practitioners of competitive intelligence (CI). CI is the legal and ethical practice of information gathering about competitors and the marketplace. Information sources like company webpages, online newspapers and news organizations, electronic journal articles and reports, and Internet search engines allow CI practitioners analyze company strengths and weaknesses for their customers. More company and marketplace information than ever is available on the Internet and a lot of it is free. Companies should view the Web not only as a business tool but also as a source of competitive intelligence. In a highly competitive marketplace can any organization afford to ignore information about the other players and customers in that same marketplace?

Ignoring the Market.

Science.gov (United States)

Chubb, John E.

2003-01-01

Argues that market-driven education (charter schools, vouchers) is the most effective, albeit overlooked, reform strategy since publication of "A Nation at Risk." Describes corresponding growth of for-profit school management. Offers several recommendations to improve effectiveness of market-based reforms, such as state' continuing…

Agreeing in Ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ploug, Thomas; Holm, Søren

2014-01-01

Many ICT services require that users explicitly consent to conditions of use and policies for the protection of personal information. This consent may become 'routinised'. We define the concept of routinisation and investigate to what extent routinisation occurs as well as the factors influencing...... routinisation in a survey study of internet use. We show that routinisation is common and that it is influenced by factors including gender, age, educational level and average daily internet use. We further explore the reasons users provide for not reading conditions and policies and show that they can...

Pollination syndromes ignored

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maruyama, P. K.; Oliveira, G. M.; Ferreira, Célia Maria Dias

2013-01-01

Generalization prevails in flower-animal interactions, and although animal visitors are not equally effective pollinators, most interactions likely represent an important energy intake for the animal visitor. Hummingbirds are nectar-feeding specialists, and many tropical plants are specialized...... to increase the overall nectar availability. We showed that mean nectar offer, at the transect scale, was the only parameter related to hummingbird visitation frequency, more so than nectar offer at single flowers and at the plant scale, or pollination syndrome. Centrality indices, calculated using...... energy provided by non-ornithophilous plants may facilitate reproduction of truly ornithophilous flowers by attracting and maintaining hummingbirds in the area. This may promote asymmetric hummingbird-plant associations, i.e., pollination depends on floral traits adapted to hummingbird morphology...

Body Build and the Level of Development of Muscle Strength Among Male Jiu-Jitsu Competitors and Strength-Trained Adults

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pietraszewska Jadwiga

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Purpose. The aim of the present study was to assess the morpho-functional characteristics of male jiu-jitsu practitioners against a sample of strength-trained university students. Methods. The all-male research sample included 49 jiu-jitsu competitors and 30 university students actively involved in strength training. Measures of body mass and height, lower extremity length, sitting height, arm span, trunk width, skeletal breadths, circumferences and skinfold thicknesses of the trunk and extremities were collected. Body tissue composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Somatotype was classified according to the anthropometric method of Heath and Carter. Participants also performed three motor tests composed of the standing long jump, flexed arm hang, and sit-ups and two dynamometer tests measuring handgrip and back muscle strength. Differences between the measured characteristics in both samples were analyzed using Student’s t test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to the determine the relationships between the morphological characteristics and the results of the motor tests. Results. The jiu-jitsu sample was slightly smaller than the strength-training students. In contrast, body mass was almost identical in both groups. The remaining length, height, and skinfold characteristics also did not differ significantly between the groups. Only hip breadth was significantly larger in the jiu-jitsu sample. No between-group differences were noted in the levels of endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. The composite somatotype of the jiu-jitsu athletes (2.1-5.8-2.0 was very similar to that of the strength-trained students (2.1-5.9-2.4. Statistically significant differences were observed in the tests assessing muscle strength. Handgrip and back muscle strength was greater in the strength-training students, whereas the jiu-jitsu athletes performed better in all three motor tests. Conclusions. The minor morphological

Temporal overlaps of feral cats with prey and competitors in primary and human-altered habitats on Bohol Island, Philippines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vlastimil Bogdan

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The vertebrate fauna of the Philippines, known for its diversity and high proportion of endemic species, comprises mainly small- to medium-sized forms with a few large exceptions. As with other tropical ecosystems, the major threats to wildlife are habitat loss, hunting and invasive species, of which the feral cat (Felis catus is considered the most damaging. Our camera-trapping study focused on a terrestrial vertebrate species inventory on Bohol Island and tempo-spatial co-occurrences of feral cats with their prey and competitors. The survey took place in the Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, and we examined the primary rainforest, its border with agricultural land, and rural areas in the vicinity of villages. Altogether, over 2,885 trap days we captured 30 species of vertebrates–10 mammals (including Sus philippensis, 19 birds and one reptile, Varanus cumingi. We trapped 81.8% of expected vertebrates. Based on the number of events, the most frequent native species was the barred rail (Gallirallus torquatus. The highest overlap in diel activity between cats and potential prey was recorded with rodents in rural areas (Δ = 0.62; the lowest was in the same habitat with ground-dwelling birds (Δ = 0.40. Cat activity was not recorded inside the rainforest; in other habitats their diel activity pattern differed. The cats’ activity declined in daylight in the proximity of humans, while it peaked at the transition zone between rainforest and fields. Both rodents and ground-dwelling birds exhibited a shift in activity levels between sites where cats were present or absent. Rodents tend to become active by day in cat-free habitats. No cats’ temporal response to co-occurrences of civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus and Viverra tangalunga was found but cats in diel activity avoided domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris. Our first insight into the ecology of this invasive predator in the Philippines revealed an avoidance of homogeneous primary

Ignorance, Vulnerability and the Occurrence of "Radical Surprises": Theoretical Reflections and Empirical Findings

Science.gov (United States)

Kuhlicke, C.

2009-04-01

By definition natural disasters always contain a moment of surprise. Their occurrence is mostly unforeseen and unexpected. They hit people unprepared, overwhelm them and expose their helplessness. Yet, there is surprisingly little known on the reasons for their being surprised. Aren't natural disasters expectable and foreseeable after all? Aren't the return rates of most hazards well known and shouldn't people be better prepared? The central question of this presentation is hence: Why do natural disasters so often radically surprise people at all (and how can we explain this being surprised)? In the first part of the presentation, it is argued that most approaches to vulnerability are not able to grasp this moment of surprise. On the contrary, they have their strength in unravelling the expectable: A person who is marginalized or even oppressed in everyday life is also vulnerable during times of crisis and stress, at least this is the central assumption of most vulnerability studies. In the second part, an understanding of vulnerability is developed, which allows taking into account such radical surprises. First, two forms of the unknown are differentiated: An area of the unknown an actor is more or less aware of (ignorance), and an area, which is not even known to be not known (nescience). The discovery of the latter is mostly associated with a "radical surprise", since it is per definition impossible to prepare for it. Second, a definition of vulnerability is proposed, which allows capturing the dynamics of surprises: People are vulnerable when they discover their nescience exceeding by definition previously established routines, stocks of knowledge and resources—in a general sense their capacities—to deal with their physical and/or social environment. This definition explicitly takes the view of different actors serious and departs from their being surprised. In the third part findings of a case study are presented, the 2002 flood in Germany. It is shown

Apakah Anda Benar-benar Mengenali Pesaing Anda?

OpenAIRE

Umar, Setiadi

2005-01-01

Paying attention to competitor is as important as caring your customers. By giving full attention ONLY to customers and not aware of what your competitors doing will create a very fragile condition. Since, as we know, what we called satisfaction, expectation, and customer value is very relative to competitors offering. Their values are not absolute. There are many companies who have lack information about their competitor. Many do not even know, whether they have competitor or n...

40 CFR 350.13 - Sufficiency of assertions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... following: (i) Either: (A) Competitors do not know or the submitter is not aware that competitors know that... own research and development activities; or (B) Competitors are not aware or the submitter does not know whether competitors are aware that the submitter is using this chemical in this fashion. (ii) The...

Interprofessional education: Partnerships in the educational proc.

Science.gov (United States)

Bressler, Toby; Persico, Lori

2016-01-01

The curriculum for healthcare professionals is primarily dictated by the demands of the specific discipline. Detailed curricula are essential to develop professional healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians and pharmacists. Traditional educational methods created a system or process where professionals operate in isolation from each other. A siloed structure inhibits effective communication, patient-centered care and safety. Today the focus in healthcare has shifted towards a more patient-centeredness approach using interprofessional collaboration to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Nurses are at the forefront of patient care and play a key role in quality patient care and improved patient outcomes. Interprofessional education is one type of academic strategy that nursing educators can incorporate into educational curricula. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

"Smart inhibition": electrophysiological evidence for the suppression of conflict-generating task rules during task switching.

Science.gov (United States)

Meiran, Nachshon; Hsieh, Shulan; Chang, Chi-Chih

2011-09-01

A major challenge for task switching is maintaining a balance between high task readiness and effectively ignoring irrelevant task rules. This calls for finely tuned inhibition that targets only the source of interference without adversely influencing other task-related representations. The authors show that irrelevant task rules generating response conflict are inhibited, causing their inefficient execution on the next trial (indicating the presence of competitor rule suppression[CRS];Meiran, Hsieh, & Dimov, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 36, 992-1002, 2010). To determine whether CRS influences task rules, rather than target stimuli or responses, the authors focused on the processing of the task cue before the target stimulus was presented and before the response could be chosen. As was predicted, CRS was found in the event-related potentials in two time windows during task cue processing. It was also found in three time windows after target presentation. Source localization analyses suggest the involvement of the right dorsal prefrontal cortex in all five time windows.

La notion de temporalité au cœur de l’analyse des discours représentés à l’oral : essai de typologie, procédés rhétoriques et portées argumentatives des DR dans le débat présidentiel français de 2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caillat Domitille

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Dans le cadre d’un débat, la représentation de propos peut être considérée comme une véritable « arme » rhétorique, tant le recours à ce procédé permet au locuteur de jouer de différentes retombées argumentatives. Aussi, à partir de la transcription de la rencontre entre Nicolas Sarkozy (NS et Ségolène Royal (SR lors du débat présidentiel de l’entre-deux tours de 2007, nous proposons-nous d’étudier les différentes formes de DR utilisées afin d’en dresser une typologie à visée argumentative. Pour ce faire, nous nous placerons dans une optique quelque peu divergente des classifications traditionnelles, puisque nous utiliserons la notion de « temporalité » — en tant que positionnement de l’énonciation de référence par rapport à l’intervention en cours — comme principal critère distinctif des occurrences et des effets dont celles-ci sont directement responsables. En plaçant de la sorte la temporalité au centre de l’étude des discours représentés (dorénavant DR, nous serons tout d’abord amenée à reconsidérer les critères traditionnellement pris en compte dans les classifications temporelles, avant de revenir sur l’importance de la nature des sources énonciatives de référence ; nous reviendrons en outre sur le critère de « virtualité » fréquemment utilisé comme un élément distinctif. Nous procéderons alors, dans le but d’expliquer au mieux la portée de chaque occurrence de DR, à un inventaire des diverses formes recensées, en conduisant pour chaque type de source énonciative une étude des différentes temporalités observables.

Ignoring imperfect detection in biological surveys is dangerous: a response to 'fitting and interpreting occupancy models'.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gurutzeta Guillera-Arroita

Full Text Available In a recent paper, Welsh, Lindenmayer and Donnelly (WLD question the usefulness of models that estimate species occupancy while accounting for detectability. WLD claim that these models are difficult to fit and argue that disregarding detectability can be better than trying to adjust for it. We think that this conclusion and subsequent recommendations are not well founded and may negatively impact the quality of statistical inference in ecology and related management decisions. Here we respond to WLD's claims, evaluating in detail their arguments, using simulations and/or theory to support our points. In particular, WLD argue that both disregarding and accounting for imperfect detection lead to the same estimator performance regardless of sample size when detectability is a function of abundance. We show that this, the key result of their paper, only holds for cases of extreme heterogeneity like the single scenario they considered. Our results illustrate the dangers of disregarding imperfect detection. When ignored, occupancy and detection are confounded: the same naïve occupancy estimates can be obtained for very different true levels of occupancy so the size of the bias is unknowable. Hierarchical occupancy models separate occupancy and detection, and imprecise estimates simply indicate that more data are required for robust inference about the system in question. As for any statistical method, when underlying assumptions of simple hierarchical models are violated, their reliability is reduced. Resorting in those instances where hierarchical occupancy models do no perform well to the naïve occupancy estimator does not provide a satisfactory solution. The aim should instead be to achieve better estimation, by minimizing the effect of these issues during design, data collection and analysis, ensuring that the right amount of data is collected and model assumptions are met, considering model extensions where appropriate.

Collagen Type III and VI Turnover in Response to Long-Term Immobilization.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shu Sun

Full Text Available Muscle mass and function are perturbed by immobilization and remobilization. When muscle mass changes, the quality and quantity of the extracellular matrix protein, particularly the collagens, change with it. In this study, we investigated the temporal profile of three peptide biomarkers derived from turnover of collagen type III and type VI in a long-term immobilization and remobilization study. We also compared individual biomarker levels with Lean body Mass (LBM and changes therein, hypothesizing that these biomarkers would be biomarkers of the remodeling processes associated with immobilization and/or remobilization.In the Berlin bed rest study, 20 young men were recruited and randomly assigned to 8-week's strict bed rest with or without resistive vibration exercise countermeasure. We measured three neo-epitope ELISA kits in the serum samples of this study: Pro-C3, measured the synthesis of collagen type III; Pro-C6, measured the synthesis of collagen type VI; and C6M measured the degradation of collagen type VI induced by MMP-2 and MMP-9 cleavage.Pro-C3 and Pro-C6 biomarkers are up-regulated with both immobilization and remobilization, whereas C6M is hardly affected at all. We found that Pro-C3 and C6M levels are related to LBM at baseline and that high levels of Pro-C6 are associated with smaller changes in muscle mass during both immobilization and remobilization.The Pro-C3 and-C6 biomarkers change likely reflect remodeling changes in response to unloading or reloading, whereas C6M does not appear to respond to unloading. Pro-C3 and C6M levels correlate with LBM at baseline, while Pro-C6 is related to the anabolic and catabolic responses to unloading and reloading.

European Union: US Hegemonic Competitor

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Kellar, Ronald

2001-01-01

.... Intergovernmentalism in the European Community has evolved into an economic form of supranationalism with the persona change form Community to Union after ratification of the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993...

BUSINESS COMPETITORS AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SUCIU TITUS

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the concept of competition, both from the perspective of the economic sector –where it is characteristic for pure monopole, oligopoly, monopole competition and pure competition, as well asfrom the market’s point of view – where it determines the strategies, objectives, advantages and weaknesses of acompany. The main point of the paper is the criticism of the pure and perfect competition theory. Concluding,the author insists on innovation, especially on the model of open innovation.

Ether: Bitcoin's competitor or ally?

OpenAIRE

Bouoiyour, Jamal; Selmi, Refk

2017-01-01

Although Bitcoin has long been dominant in the crypto scene, it is certainly not alone. Ether is another cryptocurrency related project that has attracted an intensive attention because of its additional features. This study seeks to test whether these cryptocurrencies differ in terms of their volatile and speculative behaviors, hedge, safe haven and risk diversification properties. Using different econometric techniques, we show that a) Bitcoin and Ether are volatile and relatively more resp...

Principlism and its alleged competitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Beauchamp, Tom L

1995-09-01

Principles that provide general normative frameworks in bioethics have been criticized since the late 1980s, when several different methods and types of moral philosophy began to be proposed as alternatives or substitutes. Several accounts have emerged in recent years, including: (1) Impartial Rule Theory (supported in this issue by K. Danner Clouser), (2) Casuistry (supported in this issue by Albert Jonsen), and (3) Virtue Ethics (supported in this issue by Edmund D. Pellegrino). Although often presented as rival methods or theories, these approaches are consistent with and should not be considered adversaries of a principle-based account.

Potentiation of latent inhibition by haloperidol and clozapine is attenuated in Dopamine D2 receptor (Drd-2)-deficient mice: Do antipsychotics influence learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli via both Drd-2 and non-Drd-2 mechanisms?

Science.gov (United States)

O’Callaghan, Matthew J; Bay-Richter, Cecilie; O’Tuathaigh, Colm MP; Heery, David M; Waddington, John L; Moran, Paula M

2014-01-01

Whether the dopamine Drd-2 receptor is necessary for the behavioural action of antipsychotic drugs is an important question, as Drd-2 antagonism is responsible for their debilitating motor side effects. Using Drd-2 null mice (Drd2 -/-) it has previously been shown that Drd-2 is not necessary for antipsychotic drugs to reverse D-amphetamine disruption of latent inhibition (LI), a behavioural measure of learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Weiner’s ‘two-headed’ model indicates that antipsychotics not only reverse LI disruption, ‘disrupted LI’, but also potentiate LI when low/absent in controls, ‘persistent’ LI. We investigated whether antipsychotic drugs haloperidol or clozapine potentiated LI in wild-type controls or Drd2 -/-. Both drugs potentiated LI in wild-type but not in Drd2-/- mice, suggesting moderation of this effect of antipsychotics in the absence of Drd-2. Haloperidol potentiated LI similarly in both Drd1-/- and wild-type mice, indicating no such moderation in Drd1-/-. These data suggest that antipsychotic drugs can have either Drd-2 or non-Drd-2 effects on learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli, depending on how the abnormality is produced. Identification of the non-Drd-2 mechanism may help to identify novel non-Drd2 based therapeutic strategies for psychosis. PMID:25122042

Ifp's New Flexible Hydrocracking Process Combines Maximum Conversion with Production of High Viscosity, High Vi Lube Stocks Le nouveau procédé IFP d'hydrocraquage à haute flexibilité combine conversion maximum et production de bases, huile à haute viscosité et à indice de viscosité élevé

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hennico A.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP has developed a new dual catalytic system for its hydrocracking process that enables high conversion to middle distillates and production of high viscosity, high VI lube stocks. Although the hydrocracking process is mainly devoted to the conversion of vacuum distillates, deasphalted oil or mixture of both into high quality middle distillates, it can also produce a residue, that after dewaxing will be a very high VI lube base oil. In this presentation major emphasis is put on the possibility to produce very high VI lubes with high viscosity thanks to the development of the new catalytic system. Large flexibility in feedstock selection and easy control of operating variables allow the production of all grades of lube oils associated with high quality middle distillates for a large range of conversion levels. L'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP a mis au point, pour son procédé d'hydrocraquage, un nouveau système catalytique à 2 catalyseurs qui permet une forte conversion en distillats moyens et la production de fractions lubrifiantes à haute viscosité et indice de viscosité élevé. Si le procédé d'hydrocraquage est essentiellement utilisé pour la conversion de distillats sous vide, d'huile désasphaltée ou d'un mélange des deux en distillats moyens de haute qualité, il peut aussi produire un résidu qui, après déparaffinage, fournira une base pour lubrifiant à indice de viscosité très élevé. Cet article souligne particulièrement la possibilité de produire des lubrifiants à indice de viscosité très élevé et haute viscosité, grâce à ce nouveau système catalytique. Une grande flexibilité dans le choix des produits à traiter et la facilité de contrôle des paramètres opératoires permet la production de toutes les qualités d'huiles lubrifiantes associées à des distillats moyens de haute qualité, pour une large gamme de niveaux de conversion.

Military Application of Space-Time Adaptive Processing (Les applications militaires du traitement adaptatif espace-temps)

Science.gov (United States)

2003-04-01

SAR system”, Proc. EUSAR’98, 25-27 May 1998, Friedrichshafen , Ger- many [15] Farina, A., Timmoneri, L., ”Space-time processing for AEW radar”, Proc...98, Friedrichshafen , Germany, 25-27 May 1998. [PSF00] V. Pascazio, G. Schirinzi, A. Farina, “ Along track interferometry by one bit coded SAR signals...airborne multi-channel SAR systems AER II.The air- borne experimental multi-channel SAR system”, Proc. EUSAR’98, 25-27 May 1998, Friedrichshafen , Ger

Effects of Objectives and Information on Managerial Decisions and Profitability

OpenAIRE

JS Armstrong; Fred Collopy

2004-01-01

Managers are often advised, 'beat your competitors,' which sometimes contrasts with the advice, 'do the best for your firm.' This may lead managers to focus on comparative measures such as market share. Drawing on game theory, the authors hypothesize that managers are competitor oriented under certain conditions, in particular, when they are provided with information about competitors' performance. Empirical studies lead to the additional hypothesis that a competitor orientation is detrimenta...

Combined use of contrast media containing iodine and gadolinium for imaging and intervention. A hitherto widely ignored topic in radiological practice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Golder, W.

2012-01-01

The synchronous use of chemically different contrast media in the same body compartment is a challenge for the radiologist, whether it is scheduled or unexpected. However, to inject contrast media containing iodine and gadolinium at the same time can be a prerequisite for the examination of several organs or organ systems. Unlike other topics of contrast-enhanced imaging procedures, the difficulties encountered with double contrast injections have been widely ignored in the literature. In the absence of reliable data from experimental and clinical studies the radiologist is dependent on case reports, information provided by the contrast media manufacturers, personal communications, mostly scanty personal experiences and a skilful time management, in order to overcome the situation. Only the combination of X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance arthrography can be performed without another thought. However, the more or less synchronous vascular application of contrast media containing iodine and gadolinium requires vigilance. The more seriously ill the patient is, the more caution is advised even if the decision on the combined administration has to be reached urgently. The following overview gives a description of the properties of contrast media containing iodine and gadolinium as far as interactions following simultaneous administration are concerned. Subsequently, the clinically relevant situations and constellations are outlined and analyzed. (orig.) [de

Virtual and live social facilitation while exergaming: competitiveness moderates exercise intensity.

Science.gov (United States)

Snyder, Amanda L; Anderson-Hanley, Cay; Arciero, Paul J

2012-04-01

Grounded in social facilitation theory, this study compared the impact on exercise intensity of a virtual versus a live competitor, when riding a virtual reality-enhanced stationary bike ("cybercycle"). It was hypothesized that competitiveness would moderate effects. Twenty-three female college students were exposed to three conditions on a cybercycle: solo training, virtual competitor, and live competitor. After training without a competitor (solo condition for familiarization with equipment), participants competed against a virtual avatar or live rider (random order of presentation). A repeated-measures analysis revealed a significant condition (virtual/live) by competitiveness (high/low) interaction for exercise intensity (watts). More competitive participants exhibited significantly greater exercise intensity when competing against a live versus virtual competitor. The implication is that live competitors can have an added social facilitation effect and influence exercise intensity, although competitiveness moderates this effect.

DIMG92 : un simulateur de formation pour le procédé DIMERSOL Dimg92: a Training Simulator for the Dimersol Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nica A.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available DIMG92 est un simulateur de formation sur le procédé pétrochimique DIMERSOL (procédé IFP de dimérisation du propylène. En simulant le réacteur et ses équipements annexes, les opérateurs s'exercent à conduire l'unité et comprennent les effets des divers paramètres à prendre en compte. Le simulateur est composé de deux logiciels : - Un logiciel de modélisation, basé sur la représentation mathématique de connaissances physico-chimiques et physiques. Aucun empirisme n'est utilisé dans le modèle. Ce logiciel a été développé par l'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP. - Un logiciel d'environnement de simulation dynamique pour la formation. Ce logiciel à interface graphique et interactive est distribué par la société française Réalisation en Systémique Industrielle (RSI. Industrial units are tending to become more and more complex and are characterized by a very high degree of integration. The operating of such units requires highly skilled operators. This is why dynamic simulators have training as their prime goal. The DIMG92 simulator falls within this category. It simulates the reaction section of the DIMERSOL G process in a steady state or not. The DIMERSOL G process is designed for the dimerization of propylene into hexene. In the modeled unit, the reaction section includes a liquid-phase reactor and a pump-around on which a heat exchanger is installed. The heat exchanger, which uses water as the cooling fluid, evacuates the heat of reaction. The reaction temperature is between 45 and 55°C. The reactor pressure is in the vicinity of 22 effective bars. The catalyst is in a liquid state. A standard feedstock is made up of 30 weight % inert matter and 70% propylene. Modeling is broken down into three parts : the kinetics, the reactor, the heat exchanger. Mathematical modeling of the oligomerization kinetics was performed at Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP in 1987. By taking into consideration the initiation

The challenges of ignorance

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Barnard, E

2009-11-01

Full Text Available The authors have previously argued that the infamous "No Free Lunch" theorem for supervised learning is a paradoxical result of a misleading choice of prior probabilities. Here, they provide more analysis of the dangers of uniform densities...

Ignorance is not bliss

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jervelund, Signe Smith; Maltesen, Thomas; Wimmelmann, Camilla Lawaetz

2017-01-01

AIMS: Suboptimal healthcare utilisation and lower satisfaction with the patient-doctor encounter among immigrants has been documented. Immigrants' lack of familiarity with the healthcare system has been proposed as an explanation for this. This study investigated whether a systematic delivery...

UK ignores treaty obligations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roche, P.

1995-01-01

A detailed critique is offered of United Kingdom (UK) political policy with respect to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, an interim agreement valid while nuclear disarmament was supposed to occur, by a representative of Greenpeace, the anti-nuclear campaigning group. The author argues that the civil and military nuclear programmes are still firmly linked, and emphasises his opinions by quoting examples of how UK politicians have broken treaty obligations in order to pursue their own political, and in some cases financial, goals. It is argued that the treaty has failed to force nuclear countries to disarm because of its promoted civil nuclear power programmes. (U.K.)

The Cost of Ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Persson, Karl Gunnar; Sharp, Paul Richard

This paper argues that imperfectly informed consumers use simple signals to identify the characteristics of wine. The geographical denomination and vintage of a wine as well as the characteristics of a particular wine will be considered here. However, the specific characteristics of a wine...... are difficult to ascertain ex ante given the enormous product variety. The reputation of a denomination will thus be an important guide for consumers when assessing individual wines. Denomination reputation is a function of average quality as revealed by the past performance of producers. The impact of past...... performance increases over time, since producers consider improved average quality to be an important factor in enhancing the price, but this necessitates monitoring of members in the denomination. The market and pricing of Tuscan red wines provide a natural experiment because there are a number...

The Limits of Ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Højbjerg, Erik

institutions alike. The logic seems to be that financially capable individuals will enjoy social and political inclusion as well as an ability to exercise a stronger influence in markets.The paper specifically contributes to our understanding of the governmentalization of the present by addressing how...... and political goals? The research question will be discussed in the context of financial literacy educational initiatives. In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, increasing the financial literacy of ordinary citizen-­‐consumers has taken a prominent position among regulators and financial...... -­ at least in part -­ the corporate spread of financial literacy educational initiatives can be observed as a particular form of power at-­a-­distance. The focus is on the role of private enterprise in governmentalizing the‘business of life’ by establishing and mobilizing specific conceptual forms around...

The Limits of Ignorance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Højbjerg, Erik

2015-01-01

, increasing the financial literacy of ordinary citizen-consumers has taken a prominent position among regulators and financial institutions alike. The logic seems to be that financially capable individuals will enjoy social and political inclusion as well as an ability to exercise a stronger influence....... The focus is on the role of private enterprise in governmentalizing the business of life by establishing and mobilizing specific conceptual forms around which the life skills of the entrepreneurial self involves a responsibilization of the individual citizen-consumer....

Économie d'un procédé d'hydrolyse enzymatique et fermentation de la paille de blé pour la production d'alcool carburant Economics of a Process for Producing Alcohol Fuels by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Wheat Straw

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arlie J. P.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Après définition des grandes lignes d'un procédé de base d'hydrolyse-fermentation de la paille de blé, l'analyse de sensibilité montre que le rendement de l'hydrolyse a une grande importance sur les bilans énergétique et économique. Des rendements de l'ordre de 85 % permettent d'obtenir des valeurs d'investissement par tonne de pétrole économisée tout à fait comparables à celles obtenues par d'autres techniques de valorisation de la biomasse en alcool, telle la synthèse du méthanol obtenu après gazéification du bois à l'oxygène. The basic features of a process for production from cereal straw of an acetone-butanol mixture for use as a gasoline substitute are described. They include pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate followed by fermentation of the sugars produced. A cost evaluation based on the performances of a reference process is presented. Then, an analysis of the sensitivity of the cost price of the process to the variation of the important parameters such as production capacity, enzyme productivity, hydrolysis yield is carried out. The energy balance of the process is presented.

75 FR 29754 - Claims of Confidentiality of Certain Chemical Identities Contained in Health and Safety Studies...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-27

... chemical substances, EPA is aware that some companies believe their competitors are sufficiently knowledgeable that if EPA were to disclose the chemical identity, the competitors would be capable of... a chemical identity of a chemical substance inspires a competitor to ascertain a process for...

Delusions of success. How optimism undermines executives' decisions.

Science.gov (United States)

Lovallo, Dan; Kahneman, Daniel

2003-07-01

The evidence is disturbingly clear: Most major business initiatives--mergers and acquisitions, capital investments, market entries--fail to ever pay off. Economists would argue that the low success rate reflects a rational assessment of risk, with the returns from a few successes outweighing the losses of many failures. But two distinguished scholars of decision making, Dan Lovallo of the University of New South Wales and Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman of Princeton University, provide a very different explanation. They show that a combination of cognitive biases (including anchoring and competitor neglect) and organizational pressures lead managers to make overly optimistic forecasts in analyzing proposals for major investments. By exaggerating the likely benefits of a project and ignoring the potential pitfalls, they lead their organizations into initiatives that are doomed to fall well short of expectations. The biases and pressures cannot be escaped, the authors argue, but they can be tempered by applying a very different method of forecasting--one that takes a much more objective "outside view" of an initiative's likely outcome. This outside view, also known as reference-class forecasting, completely ignores the details of the project at hand; instead, it encourages managers to examine the experiences of a class of similar projects, to lay out a rough distribution of outcomes for this reference class, and then to position the current project in that distribution. The outside view is more likely than the inside view to produce accurate forecasts--and much less likely to deliver highly unrealistic ones, the authors say.

The perception of injury risk and safety in triathlon competition: an exploratory focus group study.

Science.gov (United States)

Gosling, Cameron McR; Donaldson, Alex; Forbes, Andrew B; Gabbe, Belinda J

2013-01-01

To explore stakeholder perceptions of triathlon competition safety and injury risk. Qualitative focus group study. Triathlon stakeholders from Melbourne, Australia. Competition organizers, coaches, and competitors of various skill levels, age, gender, and experience (n = 18). Focus groups were conducted, recorded, and transcribed for analysis. Key themes were identified using content analysis. The perceived risk of serious injury was highest for cycling. Running was most commonly linked to minor injuries. Physical and environmental factors, including course turning points, funneling of competitors into narrow sections, and the weather, were perceived as contributing to injury. Experience, skill level, feelings of vulnerability, personal awareness, club culture, and gender issues were perceived as the competitor-related factors potentially contributing to injury. The cycling mount/dismount area, cycling, and swim legs were the race sections perceived as the riskiest for competitors. Competition organizers were considered to generally have the competitors' best interest as a priority. Triathlons were acknowledged as risky activities and individual competitors accepted this risk. This study has highlighted the main risks and concerns perceived by triathlon competitors, coaches, and competition organizers, which will help identify potential, context-relevant intervention strategies to reduce injury risk.

78 FR 22901 - United States v. Chiropractic Associates, Ltd. of South Dakota Proposed Final Judgment and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-17

... naked agreements among competitors that set prices as per se illegal.\\2\\ Where competitors economically... quality of care by monitoring over-utilization of health care services, provided that such mechanisms are... agreement among competitors on prices or price-related terms; (K) ``Utilization Review Services'' means a...

La biblioteca en procés de canvi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alonso Arévalo, Julio

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El context de les biblioteques està mutant de la mateixa manera que passa en altres entorns socials. Les biblioteques s'han d'adaptar a un món en què cada vegada més i més informació està en format digital, accessible en qualsevol moment i en qualsevol lloc. Per això les biblioteques estan redissenyant els seus espais i les seves regles per tal de donar cabuda als nous comportaments, necessitats i hàbits que demanen els usuaris i les seves comunitats. Per aquest motiu, moltes biblioteques estan creant espais rics amb eines i tecnologies avançades que inspiren i faciliten l'aprenentatge, el descobriment, la creació i l'experimentació. Entre les propostes més innovadores hi ha la que fa referència a la biblioteca com a generadora de contingut, un espai per a la creació i dinamització de la seva comunitat.El contexto de las bibliotecas está mutando al igual que ocurre en otros entornos sociales. Las bibliotecas deben adaptarse a un mundo en el que cada vez más y más información está en formato digital, accesible en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar, por ello las bibliotecas están rediseñando sus espacios y sus reglas para dar cabida a los nuevos comportamientos, necesidades y hábitos que demandan los usuarios y sus comunidades. Por este motivo, muchas bibliotecas están creando espacios ricos con herramientas y tecnologías avanzadas que inspiran y facilitan el aprendizaje, el descubrimiento, la creación y la experimentación. Entre las propuestas más innovadoras está la relativa a la biblioteca como generadora de contenido, un espacio para la creación y dinamización de su comunidad.Like other social environments, libraries are being required to adapt to a world where information is becoming increasingly digitized and can be accessed at any moment in any place. For this reason many library institutions are redesigning the spaces in which they offer services and the rules by which they operate, tailoring these to suit the changing behaviour, needs and habits of users and communities. Many centres are creating spaces enhanced by advanced tools and applications that inspire and facilitate learning, discovery, creation and experimentation. One of the most innovative models for change considers the library as a vehicle for content generation and a space where communities can be created and promoted.

Obligations procédurales et droit au divorce

OpenAIRE

Lauer , Mélanie

2008-01-01

There is no longer any doubt that divroce is an integral part of the family scene. But for that, divorce law has swayed between permissive law and coercive law. The law of July 11 1975 inspired a movement of liberalisation that would reign over diverce law. But it is with law of May 26 2004 that liberalisation would become more extensice. Even if this law is keeping with a form of continuity by maintaining the plurality of divorce cases, it opens the doors of divorce wider. The rules of subst...

Collagen Type III and VI Turnover in Response to Long-Term Immobilization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sun, Shu; Henriksen, Kim; Karsdal, Morten A

2015-01-01

with immobilization and/or remobilization. METHODS: In the Berlin bed rest study, 20 young men were recruited and randomly assigned to 8-week's strict bed rest with or without resistive vibration exercise countermeasure. We measured three neo-epitope ELISA kits in the serum samples of this study: Pro-C3, measured...... to unloading or reloading, whereas C6M does not appear to respond to unloading. Pro-C3 and C6M levels correlate with LBM at baseline, while Pro-C6 is related to the anabolic and catabolic responses to unloading and reloading....

Fatty acid desaturation in the marine prasinophyte Tetraselmis sp.: A sensitive indice of UV-B induced stress in marine phytoplankton

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Goes, J.I.; Handa, N.; Taguchi, S.; Hama, T.

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Biological studies in the Antarctic waters: A review

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Dhargalkar, V.K.

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Marine positioning for exploration of offshore resources

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nagar, V.K.; Pathak, M.C.

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Standing crop and growth rates of net phytoplankton and nanoplankton in Antarctic waters

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Goes, J.I.; Fondekar, S.P.; Parulekar, A.H.

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HCH and DDT compounds in the sediments from the Zub lake of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Sarkar, A.; Fondekar, S.P.

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Bathymetric observations from 60 degrees South to Princess Astrid Kyst in Queens Maud Land, Antarctica

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Pathak, M.C.; Kotnala, K.L.; Prabaharan, N.; Walker, G.A.

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Living resources of Antarctic India's contribution to exploration and future plans for exploration

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Parulekar, A.H.

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76 FR 52972 - United States v. Regal Beloit Corp. and A.O. Smith Corp.; Proposed Final Judgment and Competitive...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-24

... in innovations for these products. 5. Further, the elimination of AOS as a potential competitor of..., RBC, and one other company are the only significant competitors that sell electric motors for pool..., of electric motors for pool pumps in the United States. The third competitor accounts for most of the...

40 CFR 350.7 - Substantiating claims of trade secrecy.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... publications or other information sources available to the public or your competitors (of which you are aware... of the chemical claimed as trade secret and explain why it is a secret of interest to competitors... competitors could deduce this use from disclosure of the chemical identity together with other information on...

Deconstructing Interocular Suppression: Attention and Divisive Normalization.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hsin-Hung Li

2015-10-01

Full Text Available In interocular suppression, a suprathreshold monocular target can be rendered invisible by a salient competitor stimulus presented in the other eye. Despite decades of research on interocular suppression and related phenomena (e.g., binocular rivalry, flash suppression, continuous flash suppression, the neural processing underlying interocular suppression is still unknown. We developed and tested a computational model of interocular suppression. The model included two processes that contributed to the strength of interocular suppression: divisive normalization and attentional modulation. According to the model, the salient competitor induced a stimulus-driven attentional modulation selective for the location and orientation of the competitor, thereby increasing the gain of neural responses to the competitor and reducing the gain of neural responses to the target. Additional suppression was induced by divisive normalization in the model, similar to other forms of visual masking. To test the model, we conducted psychophysics experiments in which both the size and the eye-of-origin of the competitor were manipulated. For small and medium competitors, behavioral performance was consonant with a change in the response gain of neurons that responded to the target. But large competitors induced a contrast-gain change, even when the competitor was split between the two eyes. The model correctly predicted these results and outperformed an alternative model in which the attentional modulation was eye specific. We conclude that both stimulus-driven attention (selective for location and feature and divisive normalization contribute to interocular suppression.

Deconstructing Interocular Suppression: Attention and Divisive Normalization.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hsin-Hung; Carrasco, Marisa; Heeger, David J

2015-10-01

In interocular suppression, a suprathreshold monocular target can be rendered invisible by a salient competitor stimulus presented in the other eye. Despite decades of research on interocular suppression and related phenomena (e.g., binocular rivalry, flash suppression, continuous flash suppression), the neural processing underlying interocular suppression is still unknown. We developed and tested a computational model of interocular suppression. The model included two processes that contributed to the strength of interocular suppression: divisive normalization and attentional modulation. According to the model, the salient competitor induced a stimulus-driven attentional modulation selective for the location and orientation of the competitor, thereby increasing the gain of neural responses to the competitor and reducing the gain of neural responses to the target. Additional suppression was induced by divisive normalization in the model, similar to other forms of visual masking. To test the model, we conducted psychophysics experiments in which both the size and the eye-of-origin of the competitor were manipulated. For small and medium competitors, behavioral performance was consonant with a change in the response gain of neurons that responded to the target. But large competitors induced a contrast-gain change, even when the competitor was split between the two eyes. The model correctly predicted these results and outperformed an alternative model in which the attentional modulation was eye specific. We conclude that both stimulus-driven attention (selective for location and feature) and divisive normalization contribute to interocular suppression.

Medusae from the sea around Laccadive group of islands (7 degrees-18 degrees N/69 degrees-76 degrees E)

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Santhakumari, V.

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Ostracods of Andaman Sea

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Stephen, R.; Meenakshikunjamma, P.P.

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Composition of heteropods in the Arabian Sea

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Aravindakshan, P.N.; Stephen, R.

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Variability of surface circulation of the Indian Ocean

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Murty, V.S.N.

stream_size 7 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Natl_Conf_Global_Temp_Rise_2007_138.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Natl_Conf_Global_Temp_Rise_2007_138.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Multimedia information system for marine archaeology

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Suresh, T.; Vora, K.H.; Desai, R.G.P.; Rao, S.R.

stream_size 4 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 4_Indian_Conf_Mar_Archaeol_Proc_1994_37.pdf.txt stream_source_info 4_Indian_Conf_Mar_Archaeol_Proc_1994_37.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) - An excellent source of information for aquaculturists

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Tapaswi, M.P.

stream_size 4 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Natl_Workshop_Aquacult_WeeK_1998_258.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Natl_Workshop_Aquacult_WeeK_1998_258.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Foraminiferal studies from the west coast of India: Relevance to PAGES program

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nigam, R.

stream_size 5 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_PW_SAP_2000_1.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_PW_SAP_2000_1.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Dynamics of currents in the coastal region of India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Shetye, S.R.

stream_size 2 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Natl_Conf_Curr_Trends_Ocean_Prediction_1998_1.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Natl_Conf_Curr_Trends_Ocean_Prediction_1998_1.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content...

Ceramic industries of Poompuhar

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Gaur, A.S.

stream_size 5 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 4_Indian_Conf_Mar_Archaeol_Proc_1997_127.pdf.txt stream_source_info 4_Indian_Conf_Mar_Archaeol_Proc_1997_127.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Role of Chilka lake in the maritime history of Orissa

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Pattanayak, A.K; Tripati, S.

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Inter-comparison between Aanderaa and Potok current meters deployed during INDEX programme

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Fernandes, A.A.; Pednekar, S.M.; Vethamony, P.

stream_size 8 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Third_ISOPE_Ocean_Mining_Symp_1999_169.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Third_ISOPE_Ocean_Mining_Symp_1999_169.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Estimation of wave forces on a tethered spherical float using potential flow theory

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Vethamony, P.; Chandramohan, P.; Sastry, J.S.

stream_size 9 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Int_Conf_Coast_Port_Eng_Dev_Countries_1991_1442.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Int_Conf_Coast_Port_Eng_Dev_Countries_1991_1442.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859...

Flow effects on a pressure sensor

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Joseph, A; Desa, J.A; Desa, E.; Foden, P.; Taylor, K.

stream_size 6 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Sympol-95_1995_11.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Sympol-95_1995_11.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Carbon inventories and atmospheric temperatures: A global and regional perspective

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

DileepKumar, M.

stream_size 3 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Natl_Conf_Global_Temp_Rise_2007_133.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Natl_Conf_Global_Temp_Rise_2007_133.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Influence of carbon sequestration on biogeochemistry of carbon in the ocean

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Sarma, V.V.S.S

stream_size 8 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Natl_Conf_Global_Temp_Rise_2007_125.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Natl_Conf_Global_Temp_Rise_2007_125.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Integrated management of sustainable development and environmental protection along the Indian coasts

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Sawkar, K.

stream_size 7 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_South_Asia_Workshop_Estuar_Model_CZM_!999_183.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_South_Asia_Workshop_Estuar_Model_CZM_!999_183.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content...

Integrated multi purpose underwater station

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Afzulpurkar, S.

stream_size 6 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_SYMPOL-'95_1995_46.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_SYMPOL-'95_1995_46.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Propagation of tides in the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine network

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Shetye, S.R.; Gouveia, A.D.; Singbal, S.Y.S.; Naik, C.G.; Sundar, D.; Michael, G.S.; Nampoothiri, G.

stream_size 20 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Workshop_ICMAM_Plan_Goa_1999_174.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Workshop_ICMAM_Plan_Goa_1999_174.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset...

Marine environmental status and coastal zone management issues in India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Zingde, M.D.

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Marine placer mineral exploration - a case study

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Rajamanickam, G.V.; Gujar, A.R.; Ramana, M.V.

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Characteristic mixing triangles in the Bay of Bengal

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Varkey, M.J.; Sastry, J.S.

stream_size 4 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Phys_Process_Indian_Sea_Proc_1_1992_47.pdf.txt stream_source_info Phys_Process_Indian_Sea_Proc_1_1992_47.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset...

Ocean wave spectral estimation by reduced order arma algorithms

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Witz, J.A.; Mandal, S.; Lyons, G.J.

stream_size 9 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 11_Int_Conf_Offshore_Mech_Arctic_Eng_Proc_1992_1_17.pdf.txt stream_source_info 11_Int_Conf_Offshore_Mech_Arctic_Eng_Proc_1992_1_17.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859...

Multivariate autoregressive algorithms for ocean wave modelling

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Mandal, S.; Lyons, G.J.; Witz, J.A.

stream_size 8 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 2_Int_Offshore_Polar_Eng_Conf_Proc_1992_77.pdf.txt stream_source_info 2_Int_Offshore_Polar_Eng_Conf_Proc_1992_77.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Ocean data reduction and multi-sensor fusion studies of the Chesapeake region

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Tilley, D.G.; Sarma, Y.V.B.; Beal, R.C.

stream_size 4 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_IGARSS-92_1992_1_665.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_IGARSS-92_1992_1_665.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Strategy for increasing marine fish production in Goa

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Parulekar, A

stream_size 5 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Workshop_Evol_Strat_Dev_Agric_Anim_Husb_Fish_Goa_1991_73.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Workshop_Evol_Strat_Dev_Agric_Anim_Husb_Fish_Goa_1991_73.pdf.txt Content...

First records and a comparative study of larvae of Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (Bleeker) and Arnoglossus aspilos (Bleeker) (Bothidae-Pisces) from the Indian Ocean and adjacent waters

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Devi, C.B.L.

stream_size 3 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Kerala_Sci_Cong_1991_158.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Kerala_Sci_Cong_1991_158.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

A proposed configuration for remote current measurements

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Joseph, A.; Desai, R.G.P.

stream_size 9 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 5_Int_Symp_Acoust_Remote_Sens_Proc_1990_230.pdf.txt stream_source_info 5_Int_Symp_Acoust_Remote_Sens_Proc_1990_230.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Genetic and morphological variations in the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier 1817) from the Goa region

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Menezes, M.R.; Naik, S.; Martins, M.

stream_size 9 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Indian_Acad_Sci_(Anim_Sci)_99_457.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Indian_Acad_Sci_(Anim_Sci)_99_457.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset...

Spectral representation of measured shallow water waves

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

SanilKumar, V.; Mandal, S.; Anand, N.M.; Nayak, B.U.

stream_size 10 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_A23.pdf.txt stream_source_info INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_A23.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Motion characteristics of a tethered float in regular waves

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Vethamony, P.; Sastry, J.S.; Narasimhan, S.

stream_size 8 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 1_Int_Offshore_Polar_Eng_Conf_Proc_1991_510.pdf.txt stream_source_info 1_Int_Offshore_Polar_Eng_Conf_Proc_1991_510.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Multibeam echosounder pseudo sidescan images as a tool for manganese nodule exploration

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Kodagali, V.N.; Chakraborty, B.

stream_size 8 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_3rd_ISOPE_Ocean_Mining_Symp_1999_97.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_3rd_ISOPE_Ocean_Mining_Symp_1999_97.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Petroleum hydrocarbons in some ports along the west coast of India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Kadam, A.N.; Bhangale, V.P

stream_size 6 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 2_Int_Conf_Environ_Plan_Manage_Proc_1992_43.pdf.txt stream_source_info 2_Int_Conf_Environ_Plan_Manage_Proc_1992_43.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text...

Variations in zooplankton density in the Cochin backwater consequent to environmental changes

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Stephen, R.

stream_size 2 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Kerala_Sci_Cong_1991_57.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Kerala_Sci_Cong_1991_57.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Measurement and prediction of tides for Gopalpur Post, Orissa

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Chandramohan, P; SanilKumar, V.; Nayak, B.U.

stream_size 10 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_D73.pdf.txt stream_source_info INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_D73.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Surficial geology off Karwar, central west coast of India: Its implications for offshore developmental activities

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Veerayya, M.; Ramana, M.V.; Pathak, M.C.; Chauhan, O.S.

stream_size 10 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_D63.pdf.txt stream_source_info INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_D63.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Geomorphology and shallow structure of the direction bank off Bombay, western continental margin of India: Its implications for offshore exploration

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Veerayya, M.; Subrahmanyam, V.

stream_size 10 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_D53.pdf.txt stream_source_info INCHOE_Proc_1994_1_D53.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Framework for Understanding LENR Processes, Using Ordinary Condensed Matter Physics

Science.gov (United States)

Chubb, Scott

2005-03-01

As I have emphasizedootnotetextS.R. Chubb, Proc. ICCF10 (in press). Also, http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnutsandbol.pdf http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnutsandbol.pdf, S.R. Chubb, Trans. Amer. Nuc. Soc. 88 , 618 (2003)., in discussions of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions(LENRs), mainstream many-body physics ideas have been largely ignored. A key point is that in condensed matter, delocalized, wave-like effects can allow large amounts of momentum to be transferred instantly to distant locations, without any particular particle (or particles) acquiring high velocity through a Broken Gauge Symmetry. Explicit features in the electronic structure explain how this can occur^1 in finite size PdD crystals, with real boundaries. The essential physics^1 can be related to standard many-body techniquesootnotetextBurke,P.G. and K.A. Berrington, Atomic and Molecular Processes:an R matrix Approach (Bristol: IOP Publishing, 1993).. In the paper, I examine this relationship, the relationship of the theory^1 to other LENR theories, and the importance of certain features (for example, boundaries^1) that are not included in the other LENR theories.

Dynamical Properties of Vortex Furrows in Transitioning Boundary Layers

Science.gov (United States)

Bernard, Peter

2011-11-01

A vortex filament simulation of the spatially growing transitional boundary layer reveals the presence of low speed streaks underlying furrow-like streamwise oriented folds in the surface vorticity layer (AIAA J. Vol. 48, 2010; Proc. ETC13, 2011). The putative hairpin vortices and packets widely observed in boundary layers are found to be an illusion created by assigning the status of structure to the visualized form of regions of rotational motion created by the vortex furrows. Thus, at best, hairpins roughly describe the shape taken by that part of the vorticity within the furrows that directly causes rotation while ignoring the ``invisible'' and considerable non-rotational part. The life history of the furrows is discussed here including a description of how they grow and the dynamics of the vorticity field within them. Long lived furrows represent ``factories'' within which initially spanwise vorticity progresses from arch to either one or two-lobed mushroom-like structures in a continuous stream. Furrows grow by this same process. At the heart of the furrow phenomenon is a self-reinforcing process by which streamwise vorticity begets more streamwise vorticity.

HyGenSys: a Flexible Process for Hydrogen and Power Production with Reduction of CO2 Emission HyGenSys : un procédé flexible de production d’hydrogène et d’électricité avec réduction des émissions de CO2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giroudière F.

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the latest development of HyGenSys, a new sustainable process and technology for the conversion of natural gas to hydrogen and power. The concept combines a specific steam reforming reactor-exchanger with a gas turbine. The heat necessary for the steam reforming reaction comes from hot pressurized flue gases produced in a gas turbine instead of a conventional furnace. Thanks to this high level of heat integration, the overall efficiency is improved and the natural gas consumption is reduced which represents an advantage with regard to economics and CO2 emission reduction. In addition to the efficient HyGenSys process scheme itself, the technology of the reactorexchanger also offers a high level of heat integration for even more energy saving. Two main alternatives are examined in order to meet two different requirements. The first one, named HyGenSys-0, focuses on the hydrogen production for the refining and petrochemical application. The second one named HyGenSys-1, concerns the centralized power production with pre-combustion CO2capture. In that case, the produced hydrogen is fully used to fuel a power gas turbine. HyGenSys-1 has been developed and optimised in CACHET, a European Community funded project. The CACHET electrical power objective was 400 MW at the minimum. HyGenSys-0 and HyGenSys-1 are described in detail with challenges and advantages compared to existing technologies. For both alternatives, the heart of the technology is the reactor-exchanger. The reactor-exchanger design relies on an innovative arrangement of bayonet tubes that allows, at large scale, multiple heat exchanges between hot pressurized flue gas, natural gas feed and hydrogen rich stream produced. Cet article présente les développements récents d’HyGenSys, nouvel éco-procédé de conversion du gaz naturel en hydrogène et électricité. Le concept combine un réacteur-échangeur spécifique de reformage à la vapeur avec une turbine à gaz

Zooplankton studies in the south west coast of India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Devi, C.B.L.; Meenakshikunjamma, P.P.; Narayanan, B.

stream_size 3 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 4_Kerala_Sci_Cong_Proc_1992_264.pdf.txt stream_source_info 4_Kerala_Sci_Cong_Proc_1992_264.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Moulting and moult quality in eye-stalk ablated penaeid prawn, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius)

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Venkitaraman, P.R.; Sivadas, P.

stream_size 3 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 4_Kerala_Sci_Cong_Proc_1992_271.pdf.txt stream_source_info 4_Kerala_Sci_Cong_Proc_1992_271.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Seamounts in the Central Indian Ocean Basin: indicators of the Indian plate movement

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Mukhopadhyay, R.; Khadge, N.H.

stream_size 9 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Indian_Acad_Sci_(EPS)_99_357.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Indian_Acad_Sci_(EPS)_99_357.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Air-sea interaction over the tropical Indian Ocean during several contrasting monsoon seasons

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

RameshKumar, M.R.; Sastry, J.S.

stream_size 12 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Indian_Acad_Sci_(EPS)_99_393.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Indian_Acad_Sci_(EPS)_99_393.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Protein structure validation and refinement using amide proton chemical shifts derived from quantum mechanics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Anders Steen; Linnet, Troels Emtekær; Borg, Mikael

2013-01-01

We present the ProCS method for the rapid and accurate prediction of protein backbone amide proton chemical shifts - sensitive probes of the geometry of key hydrogen bonds that determine protein structure. ProCS is parameterized against quantum mechanical (QM) calculations and reproduces high level...

Biochemical composition of zooplankton from the offshore oil fields of Bombay

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Krishnakumari, L.; Nair, V.R.; Gajbhiye, S.N.

stream_size 7 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Natl_Acad_Sci_India_63(B)_II_161.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Natl_Acad_Sci_India_63(B)_II_161.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset...

Viscous dissipation effects on heat transfer inflow past a continuously moving porous plate

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Murty, T.V.R.; Soundalgekar, V.M.

stream_size 6 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Math_Soc_B.H.U_11_53.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Math_Soc_B.H.U_11_53.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

River ports and other archaeological sites on the river banks of Goa

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nambirajan, M.; Gaur, A.S.

stream_size 5 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name 4_Indian_Conf_Mar_Archaeol_Proc_1997_115.pdf.txt stream_source_info 4_Indian_Conf_Mar_Archaeol_Proc_1997_115.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text.../plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Investigation of normal force and moment coefficients for an AUV at nonlinear angle of attack and sideslip range

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Barros, E.A. de; Dantas, J.L.D.; Pascoal, A.M.; Desa, E.S.

-dimensional axi-symmetric body,” in Proc. 6th ISOPE Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 1996, vol. II, pp. 256–264. [8] D. Humphreys, “Correlation and validation of a CFD based hydrody- namic & dynamic model for a towed underwater vehicle,” in Proc. MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conf...

"Networking" science and technology education - Opportunities and challenges

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nayak, M.R.

stream_size 8 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name ICASE_03_W_Conf_S_T_Edu_Proc_588.pdf.txt stream_source_info ICASE_03_W_Conf_S_T_Edu_Proc_588.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 16, Number 6

Science.gov (United States)

1984-06-01

Meuurement of Rigid Body Modes for Dynamic Deagn N. Okuboand T. Furukawa CAMAL Chuo Univ., Tokyo, Japan, Intl. Modal Analysis Conf., Proc. 2nd, Orlando... CAMAL , Chuo Univ., Tokyo, Japan, Intl. VV :ä\\ Analysis Conf., Proc. 2nd, Orlando, FL, Feh ö-Q. 1984, Spons. by Union College

Nutritional strategies of high level natural bodybuilders during competition preparation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chappell, A J; Simper, T; Barker, M E

2018-01-01

Competitive bodybuilders employ a combination of resistance training, cardiovascular exercise, calorie reduction, supplementation regimes and peaking strategies in order to lose fat mass and maintain fat free mass. Although recommendations exist for contest preparation, applied research is limited and data on the contest preparation regimes of bodybuilders are restricted to case studies or small cohorts. Moreover, the influence of different nutritional strategies on competitive outcome is unknown. Fifty-one competitors (35 male and 16 female) volunteered to take part in this project. The British Natural Bodybuilding Federation (BNBF) runs an annual national competition for high level bodybuilders; competitors must qualify by winning at a qualifying events or may be invited at the judge's discretion. Competitors are subject to stringent drug testing and have to undergo a polygraph test. Study of this cohort provides an opportunity to examine the dietary practices of high level natural bodybuilders. We report the results of a cross-sectional study of bodybuilders competing at the BNBF finals. Volunteers completed a 34-item questionnaire assessing diet at three time points. At each time point participants recorded food intake over a 24-h period in grams and/or portions. Competitors were categorised according to contest placing. A "placed" competitor finished in the top 5, and a "Non-placed" (DNP) competitor finished outside the top 5. Nutrient analysis was performed using Nutritics software. Repeated measures ANOVA and effect sizes (Cohen's d ) were used to test if nutrient intake changed over time and if placing was associated with intake. Mean preparation time for a competitor was 22 ± 9 weeks. Nutrient intake of bodybuilders reflected a high-protein, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. Total carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes decreased over time in both male and female cohorts ( P  preparation (5.1 vs 3.7 g/kg BW) than DNP competitors ( d  = 1.02, 95% CI

Competitive Dynamics on Complex Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Jiuhua; Liu, Qipeng; Wang, Xiaofan

2014-07-01

We consider a dynamical network model in which two competitors have fixed and different states, and each normal agent adjusts its state according to a distributed consensus protocol. The state of each normal agent converges to a steady value which is a convex combination of the competitors' states, and is independent of the initial states of agents. This implies that the competition result is fully determined by the network structure and positions of competitors in the network. We compute an Influence Matrix (IM) in which each element characterizing the influence of an agent on another agent in the network. We use the IM to predict the bias of each normal agent and thus predict which competitor will win. Furthermore, we compare the IM criterion with seven node centrality measures to predict the winner. We find that the competitor with higher Katz Centrality in an undirected network or higher PageRank in a directed network is most likely to be the winner. These findings may shed new light on the role of network structure in competition and to what extent could competitors adjust network structure so as to win the competition.

Kinematic analysis of the flight phase of the Nordic combined and ski jump on a large hill (HS-134 m) during the 2009 Nordic World Ski Championships.

Science.gov (United States)

Svoboda, Zdenek; Janura, Miroslav; Cabell, Lee; Janurová, Eva

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the execution of the flight phase in the Nordic combined (NC) among three groups of competitors, representing different skill levels, and to compare them with three groups of ski jumpers (SJs). Thirty NC and thirty SJ competitors, who performed ski jumps on an HS-134 m jumping hill, were divided into three subgroups based on jump length execution. Two-dimensional (2-D) kinematic data were collected from the lower extremities, trunks, and skis of the competitors. The SJ group had a smaller lower extremity angle ( p jump lengths comparable to those of the SJ competitors by having significantly higher in-run velocities.

Contribuições da investigação de díades de terapeutas e clientes portugueses

OpenAIRE

Pereira Soares, Maria Luísa

2007-01-01

En el sentit de contribuir al desenvolupament de la recerca en l'àrea del procés i el resultat terapèutic a nivell nacional, aquest estudi ha observat característiques del terapeuta i del client, així com varis aspectes del procés i el resultat terapèutics: i) l'estil de terapeuta i l'estil de coping, grau de resistència i motivació del client per a la teràpia; al nivell del procés, ii) l'aliança terapèutica i, al nivell del resultat terapèutic, iii) ha avaluat el benestar general i la condic...

Administrateur de la trésorerie (h/f) | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

examen annuel des procédures de gestion de la trésorerie et des processus de paiement;; Procéder au dépôt électronique de tous les documents constitutifs conformément aux normes applicables;; Préparer une analyse comptable périodique et ...

Medical Models and Bayesian Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olesen, Kristian Grønborg

1999-01-01

Proc. of a Workshop Held during the Joint European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Medical Decision Making : AIMDM'99, Aalborg, Denmark, June 1999......Proc. of a Workshop Held during the Joint European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Medical Decision Making : AIMDM'99, Aalborg, Denmark, June 1999...

Evaluation of Low-volume Sprayers Used in Asian Citrus Psyllid Control Applications

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

control, p. 149–157. In: B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn, and D. Buangsuwon (eds.). Proc. Asia Pacific Intl. Conf. Citriculture, Chiang Mai , Thailand, 4–10...planning and management, p. 77–82. In: B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn, and D. Buangsuwon (eds.). Proc. Asia Pacific Intl. Conf. Citriculture, Chiang Mai , Thailand

Overexploitation of marine living resources

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Ansari, Z.A.; Ingole, B.S.

stream_size 2 stream_content_type text/plain stream_name Proc_Workshop_Conserv_Biodiversity_Western_Ghat_1994_3.3_1.pdf.txt stream_source_info Proc_Workshop_Conserv_Biodiversity_Western_Ghat_1994_3.3_1.pdf.txt Content-Encoding ISO...-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 ...

Polarimetric and Indoor Imaging Fusion Based on Compressive Sensing

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-01

34 in Proc. IEEE Radar Conf, Rome, Italy , May 2008. [17] M. G. Amin, F. Ahmad, W. Zhang, "A compressive sensing approach to moving target... Ferrara , J. Jackson, and M. Stuff, "Three-dimensional sparse-aperture moving-target imaging," in Proc. SPIE, vol. 6970, 2008. [43] M. Skolnik (Ed

26 CFR 1.442-1 - Change of annual accounting period.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... computing its taxable income and for making its Federal income tax returns. If the taxpayer wants to change.... Proc. 2002-37, 2002-22 I.R.B., automatic approval procedures for certain corporations; Rev. Proc. 2002-38, 2002-22 I.R.B., automatic approval procedures for partnerships, S corporations, electing S...

Compositions de revêtement réticulables par bombardement électronique. Première Partie : Caractéristiques générales du procédé Forming Crosslinkable Coatings by Electron Bombardement. Part One : General Features of the Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miléo J. -C.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available L'utilisation des accélérateurs d'électrons de moyenne énergie pour le durcissement et l'insolubilisation des peintures et vernis est décrite en analysant plus particulièrement l'aspect physico-chimique du procédé. On examine spécialement - l'action du rayonnement sur la matière; - les aspects généraux de la polymérisation radiochimique ; - l'application de la polymérisation sous radiation au séchage des vernis. On aborde ensuite rapidement les problèmes liés au choix du rayonnement et à l'influence de l'oxygène de l'air. Cet exposé se termine par la description d'un accélérateur d'électrons et d'une méthode calométrique de dosimétrie. The use of medium-power electron accelerators ta cure points and varnishes and to make them insoluble is described by making a special analysis of the physico-che-mical aspect of the process. The following points in particular are examined - the effect of radiation on matter; - general aspects of radiochemical polymerization ; - the application of radiation polymerization ta varnish drying. A quick review is then made of problems linked to the choice of radiation and to the influence of the oxygen in air. The article ends with a description of an electron accelerator and a calorimetric dosimetering method.

Desglossant la transformació epistemològica: una exploració en narratives constitutives de dissidència social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Albert Martín-i-Gómez

2013-07-01

Full Text Available En aquest article explorem el procés de transformació viscut per les persones dissidents a l’ordre social establert. Mitjançant aquesta recerca, pretenem visibilitzar quin tipus de relacions, interaccions i situacions han possibilitat o afavorit aquest canvi, i quines emocions i sensacions han envoltat aquest procés de canvi. La transformació epistemològica, d’aquell sentit que orienta i dota de coherència a la pròpia subjecció és el procés objecte d’estudi, i per a comprendre com es dóna aquest, emprem les produccions narratives biogràfiques com a estratègia metodològica. Localitzem les participants de les narratives en persones que practiquen quotidianament la dissidència, a les que s’accedeix per àmbits fragmentaris de dissidència a les relacions socials (econòmica, de parentiu, política i simbòlica. De les narratives extraiem tres elements significatius compartits que permeten versar entorn al procés de transformació: (1 la pertorbació en la transgressió de la censura, (2 la vivència d’incomoditats i paral·lelismes en el procés, i (3 el grup dissident com a comoditat i nova possibilitació.

Don't Ignore the Iceberg

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pries-Heje, Jan; Hovorka, Dirk S.

2013-01-01

principles requires additional design process steps to surface underlying assumptions and to abstract design principles which emerge during secondary design. We follow the development of a project management decision support artifact and describe the primary design, based on literature on agile systems...

Credentialism in Our Ignorant Society.

Science.gov (United States)

Marien, Michael

All societies have procedures for selecting who will occupy important positions. The use of credentials characterizes our system of social selection, and our worship of them has created the following problems: an artificial demand for education, artificial restraints to learning, the overlooking of obsolescence, generational inversion (wherein the…

Moral: Don't Ignore Harassment.

Science.gov (United States)

Sendor, Benjamin

1996-01-01

Last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled in "Davis" that a student can sue for damages if school officials know a student is being sexually harassed but fail to intervene. (MLF)

Has Political Science Ignored Religion?

Science.gov (United States)

Kettell, Steven

2012-01-01

A common complaint from political scientists involved in the study of religion is that religious issues have been largely overlooked by political science. Through a content analysis of leading political science and sociology journals from 2000 to 2010, this article considers the extent of this claim. The results show that political science…

Don't Ignore the Iceberg

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pries-Heje, Jan; Hovorka, Dirk S.

2013-01-01

development, and the subsequent secondary design that took place in a financial company. Analysis reveals an “iceberg phenomenon”; only a partial design justification was initially apparent, and underlying design assumptions are only revealed through deeper reflection and analysis. We conclude by providing...

Pancreatic Stones: Treat or Ignore?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DA Howell

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Painful, chronic pancreatitis is of complex etiology, but increasing clinical experience suggests that removal of pancreatic duct stones in many cases significantly improves patients’ symptoms. The development and refinement of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography have permitted improved access to the pancreatic duct, which makes the development of new techniques of stone fragmentation and fragment removal a much more successful nonsurgical intervention. A major step forward has been the understanding of the safety and efficacy of pancreatic sphincterotomy, which is necessary for the removal of these difficult stones. The recognition that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be delivered safely with good efficacy has revolutionized the nonsurgical management of pancreatic duct stones. Nevertheless, advanced and sophisticated therapeutic endoscopy is necessary to achieve clearance of the duct, which can generally be accomplished in the majority of selected patients. State-of-the-art treatments are described, and some new approaches using pancreatoscopy and electrohydrolic lithotripsy are discussed. Newly recognized long term complications are reviewed. Finally, it must be recognized that chronic pancreatitis is an ongoing disease that does not have a simple treatment or cure, and frequently represents a process of remissions and relapses requiring interventions and problem solving.

Hypoxic radiosensitization: adored and ignored

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Overgaard, Jens

2007-01-01

resistance can be eliminated or modified by normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen or by the use of nitroimidazoles as hypoxic radiation sensitizers. More recently, attention has been given to hypoxic cytotoxins, a group of drugs that selectively or preferably destroys cells in a hypoxic environment. An updated......Since observations from the beginning of the last century, it has become well established that solid tumors may contain oxygen-deficient hypoxic areas and that cells in such areas may cause tumors to become radioresistant. Identifying hypoxic cells in human tumors has improved by the help of new...

Don't ignore dual careers

CERN Document Server

1999-01-01

A recent survey shows that many more women physicists than men are married to other physicists and have to search for a job with a physicist spouse. This forms a critical barrier for the progression of the small number of women working in physics (4

Malassezia-Can it be ignored?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ambujavalli Balakrishnan Thayikkannu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Genus Malassezia comprises of 14 species of "yeast like fungi," 13 of which are lipophilic and 1 is nonlipophilic. They are known commensals and in predisposed individuals they commonly cause a spectrum of chronic recurrent infections. They rarely also cause serious illnesses like catheter-related blood stream infections, CAPD associated peritonitis etc., Though these fungi have been known to man for over 150 years, their fastidious nature and cumbersome culture and speciation techniques have restricted research. Since the last taxonomic revision, seven new species have been added to this genus. Their ability to evade the host immune system and virulence has increased the spectrum of the diseases caused by them. These agents have been implicated as causal agents in common diseases like atopic dermatitis recently. Though culture-based research is difficult, the new molecular analysis techniques and facilities have increased research in this field such that we can devote more attention to this genus to study in detail, their characteristics and their growing implications implications in the clinical scenario.

Extraction of MOS VLSI (Very-Large-Scale-Integrated) Circuit Models Including Critical Interconnect Parasitics.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-09-01

level descrip- tion without human intervention. Although design rules and the layout function may not be checked, performance verification is still a...digital syvstems.- Proc. I1E1., vol. 69. no. 10. pp. 1200-1211. October 198 1. [2] A. Gupta, AT A circuit extractor." Proc. 20th Design Automiation

EXAMINING THE DYNAMICS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN COMPETING FIRMS IN THEIR R&D ACTIVITIES (R&D CO-OPETITION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fakhraddin Maroofi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The relationship between collaboration with competitors and goods innovation performance was investigated along with the moderating effect of the innovating firm's technological capability. The hypothesis that collaboration with competitors has an inverted U-shaped relationship with goods innovation performance was tested using data on new goods introductions from 749 Iranian firms. The results support the balance between competition and collaboration by confirming that collaboration with competitors contributes considerably to successful goods innovation. The positive influences of co-optation certainly seem consistent with the cooperative arguments that collaboration with competitors increases absorptive capacity, improves information exchange and facilitates joint problem solving. The results also show that unnecessary collaboration with competitors can have a negative influence on innovation performance, raising concerns about opportunistic exploitation. The results support the existence of a bell-shaped relationship between application and goods innovation performance. Technological capability and alliances with universities were shown to weaken the relationship.

Examining The Dynamics of Cooperation Between Competing Firms in Their R&D Activities (R&D Co-Opetition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fakhraddin Maroofi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The relationship between collaboration with competitors and goods innovation performance was investigated along with the moderating effect of the innovating firm's technological capability. The hypothesis that collaboration with competitors has an inverted U-shaped relationship with goods innovation performance was tested using data on new goods introductions from 749 Iranian firms. The results support the balance between competition and collaboration by confirming that collaboration with competitors contributes considerably to successful goods innovation. The positive influences of co-optation certainly seem consistent with the cooperative arguments that collaboration with competitors increases absorptive capacity, improves information exchange and facilitates joint problem solving. The results also show that unnecessary collaboration with competitors can have a negative influence on innovation performance, raising concerns about opportunistic exploitation. The results support the existence of a bell-shaped relationship between application and goods innovation performance. Technological capability and alliances with universities were shown to weaken the relationship.

Using Porter’s Five Forces Model for Analysing the Competitive Environment of Thailand’s Sweet Corn Industry

OpenAIRE

Tanakorn Rachapila; Dr. Sittha Jansirisak

2013-01-01

The competition in Thailand sweet corn industry relatively high: Bargaining power of suppliers: supplier concentration, availability of substitute input, importance of suppliers’ input to buyer and importance of industry to supplier; Intensity of Rivalry of rivalry among existing competitors: number of competitors, augmented capacity in large increments, value of fixed costs and exit barriers; Threat of entrants or potential competitors: economical scale; Determinant of buyer power: product d...

Temperamentové vlastnosti a výkonnová motivace závodníků v rychlostní kanoistice

OpenAIRE

Pfoff, Michal

2015-01-01

Title: Temperament characteristics and achievement motivation of competitors in flatwater racing Objectives: Goal of this work was to determine the temperament characteristic and achievement motivation of competitors in flatwater racing. Methods: In research was used Eysenck Temperament questionnaire (EPI) and achievement motivation questionnaire D-M-V. The study group became a group of competitors ASC Dukla Praha and USK Praha, mostly members of the national team. Results: The results of the...

Root-shoot growth responses during interspecific competition quantified using allometric modelling.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, David; Davidson, Hazel; Trinder, Clare; Brooker, Rob

2010-12-01

Plant competition studies are restricted by the difficulty of quantifying root systems of competitors. Analyses are usually limited to above-ground traits. Here, a new approach to address this issue is reported. Root system weights of competing plants can be estimated from: shoot weights of competitors; combined root weights of competitors; and slopes (scaling exponents, α) and intercepts (allometric coefficients, β) of ln-regressions of root weight on shoot weight of isolated plants. If competition induces no change in root : shoot growth, α and β values of competing and isolated plants will be equal. Measured combined root weight of competitors will equal that estimated allometrically from measured shoot weights of each competing plant. Combined root weights can be partitioned directly among competitors. If, as will be more usual, competition changes relative root and shoot growth, the competitors' combined root weight will not equal that estimated allometrically and cannot be partitioned directly. However, if the isolated-plant α and β values are adjusted until the estimated combined root weight of competitors matches the measured combined root weight, the latter can be partitioned among competitors using their new α and β values. The approach is illustrated using two herbaceous species, Dactylis glomerata and Plantago lanceolata. Allometric modelling revealed a large and continuous increase in the root : shoot ratio by Dactylis, but not Plantago, during competition. This was associated with a superior whole-plant dry weight increase in Dactylis, which was ultimately 2·5-fold greater than that of Plantago. Whole-plant growth dominance of Dactylis over Plantago, as deduced from allometric modelling, occurred 14-24 d earlier than suggested by shoot data alone. Given reasonable assumptions, allometric modelling can analyse competitive interactions in any species mixture, and overcomes a long-standing problem in studies of competition.

Effects of comparative claims in prescription drug direct-to-consumer advertising on consumer perceptions and recall.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Donoghue, Amie C; Williams, Pamela A; Sullivan, Helen W; Boudewyns, Vanessa; Squire, Claudia; Willoughby, Jessica Fitts

2014-11-01

Although pharmaceutical companies cannot make comparative claims in direct-to-consumer (DTC) ads for prescription drugs without substantial evidence, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits some comparisons based on labeled attributes of the drug, such as dosing. Researchers have examined comparative advertising for packaged goods; however, scant research has examined comparative DTC advertising. We conducted two studies to determine if comparative claims in DTC ads influence consumers' perceptions and recall of drug information. In Experiment 1, participants with osteoarthritis (n=1934) viewed a fictitious print or video DTC ad that had no comparative claim or made an efficacy comparison to a named or unnamed competitor. Participants who viewed print (but not video) ads with named competitors had greater efficacy and lower risk perceptions than participants who viewed unnamed competitor and noncomparative ads. In Experiment 2, participants with high cholesterol or high body mass index (n=5317) viewed a fictitious print or video DTC ad that had no comparative claim or made a comparison to a named or unnamed competitor. We varied the type of comparison (of indication, dosing, or mechanism of action) and whether the comparison was accompanied by a visual depiction. Participants who viewed print and video ads with named competitors had greater efficacy perceptions than participants who viewed unnamed competitor and noncomparative ads. Unlike Experiment 1, named competitors in print ads resulted in higher risk perceptions than unnamed competitors. In video ads, participants who saw an indication comparison had greater benefit recall than participants who saw dosing or mechanism of action comparisons. In addition, visual depictions of the comparison decreased risk recall for video ads. Overall, the results suggest that comparative claims in DTC ads could mislead consumers about a drug's efficacy and risk; therefore, caution should be used when presenting

Do Not ignore pulmonary hypertension any longer. It’s time to deal with it!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Mirdamadi

2011-08-01

tromboembolic attacks in check.Then,It was time of revolution in pulmonary hypertension management,With the emergence of Advanced PH treatment science of medicine became able to seriously deal with  PH.This new strategy were showed to be able preventing mortality in PH patients’(5,Figure1Prostacycline showed that it is possible to enhance PH patients’ chance of survival. Phosphodiasterase inhibitor drugs, which were used for treating impotency for a long time, were demonstrated to be effective for reducing pulmonary pressure. Eventually, endotheline receptors were targeted.By the advent of endothelin receptor blockers such as Brosentan, physicians’ chances of helping PH patients were further improved.Today, with advanced PH treatment, PH is not counted as before and the science of medicine as a failed discipline.It is important to not forgetting PH in patients,especially ill patients or intractable to traditional treatment, in surgery wards or obstetric,pediatric,internal medicine,ICU or CCU wards of hospitals. By timely diagnosis, it will be possible to control  PH patients in an effective way and to enhance their chance of survival.So,It is time now to pay more attention to PH,Don’t ignore it any longer and it’s time to deal with it

Measuring and Modeling Behavioral Decision Dynamics in Collective Evacuation

Science.gov (United States)

2014-02-10

1303.4629. 15. Leskovec J, Backstrom L, Kleinberg J (2009) Meme -tracking and the dynamics of the news cycle. Proc 15th ACM SIGKDD : 497505. 16. Leskovec J...2011) Memes online: Extracted, subtracted, injected, and recollected. Proc 5th Int AAAI Conf on Weblogs and Social Media : 353–360. 21. Watts DJ (2002) A

Evolution of Seismic Velocities in Heavy Oil Sand Reservoirs during Thermal Recovery Process Évolution des vitesses sismiques dans les réservoirs de sables bitumineux au cours des procédés de récupération thermique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nauroy J.-F.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In thermally enhanced recovery processes like Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS or Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD, continuous steam injection entails changes in pore fluid, pore pressure and temperature in the rock reservoir, that are most often unconsolidated or weakly consolidated sandstones. This in turn increases or decreases the effective stresses and changes the elastic properties of the rocks. Thermally enhanced recovery processes give rise to complex couplings. 4D seismic surveys are currently conducted to delineate the steam-affected areas but the interpretation is difficult. However, it is essential for optimization of reservoir development. Numerical simulations have been carried out on a case study so as to provide an estimation of the evolution of pressure, temperature, pore fluid saturation, stress and strain in any zone located around the injector and producer wells. The approach of Ciz and Shapiro (2007 (Geophysics 72, A75-A79 has been used to model the velocity dispersion in the oil sand mass under different conditions of temperature and stress. A good agreement has been found between these predictions and some laboratory velocity measurements carried out on samples of Canadian oil sand. Results appear to be useful to better interpret 4D seismic data in order to locate the steam chamber. Dans les procédés de récupération des huiles lourdes par méthodes thermiques, comme ia stimulation cyclique par vapeur (CSS ou le drainage par gravité assisté par vapeur (SAGD, l’injection de vapeur en continu entraîne des changements de liquide de pores, de pression interstitielle et de température dans la roche réservoir, qui est constituée le plus souvent de sable non consolidés ou faiblement consolidés- Ces changements à leur tour augmentent ou diminuent les contraintes effectives et modifient les propriétés élastiques des roches. Les procédés de récupération par méthodes thermiques mettent en oeuvre des couplages

Policy makers ignoring science and scientists ignoring policy: the medical ethical challenges of heroin treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Small Dan

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract A decade of research in Switzerland, The Netherlands, Germany, and Spain now constitutes a massive body of work supporting the use of heroin treatment for the most difficult patients addicted to opiates. These trials concur on this method's safety and efficacy and are now serving as a prelude to the institution of heroin treatment in clinical practice throughout Europe. While the different sampling and research protocols for heroin treatment in these studies were important to the academic claims about specific results and conclusions that could be drawn from each study, the overall outcomes were quite clear – and uniformly positive. They all find that the use of prescribed pharmaceutical heroin does exactly what it is intended to do: it reaches a treatment refractory group of addicts by engaging them in a positive healthcare relationship with a physician, it reduces their criminal activity, improves their health status, and increases their social tenure through more stable housing, employment, and contact with family. The Canadian trial (NAOMI, now underway for over a year, but not yet completed, now faces a dilemma about what to do with its patients who have successfully completed 12 months of heroin and must be withdrawn from heroin and transferred to other treatments in accordance with the research protocol approved by Government of Canada, federal granting body and host institutions. The problem is that the principal criterion for acceptance to NAOMI was their history of repeated failure in these very same treatment programs to which they will now be referred. The existence of the results from abroad (some of which were not yet available when NAOMI was designed and initiated now raises a very important question for Canada: is it ethical to continue to prohibit the medical use of heroin treatment that has already been shown to be feasible and effective in numerous medical studies throughout the world? And while this is being worked out, is it acceptable to require patients who have been successfully treated with heroin in Canada, to be forced to move back to less effective treatments (treatments that failed to be efficacious in the past? This essay discusses this dilemma and places it in the broader context of ethics, science, and health policy. It makes the case for continuation of the current successful patients in heroin treatment and the institution of heroin treatment to all Canadian patients living with active addictions who qualify.

Polarization Orientation Dependence of the Far Infrared Spectra of Oriented Single Crystals of 1,3,5-trinitro-S-triazine (RDX) using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

BE, Hogbin MR, Kemp MC (2007) Proc IEEE 95:1559 14. Laman N, Sree Harsha S, Grischkowsky D, Melinger JS (2008) Opt Express 16:4094 15. Melinger JS... Laman N, Grischkowsky D (2008) Appl Phy Lett 93:011102 16. Tribe WR, Newnham DA, Taday PF, Kemp MC (2004) Proc SPIE 5354:168 17. Watters DG, Falconer DG

BetaWB - A language for modular representation of biological systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ihekwaba, Adoha; Larcher, Roberto; Mardare, Radu Iulian

2007-01-01

A. Ihekwaba, R. Larcher, R. Mardare, C. Priami. BetaWB - A language for modular representation of biological systems. In Proc. of International Conference on Systems Biology (ICSB), 2007......A. Ihekwaba, R. Larcher, R. Mardare, C. Priami. BetaWB - A language for modular representation of biological systems. In Proc. of International Conference on Systems Biology (ICSB), 2007...

Untitled

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Proc. of ICEM-1992, Budapest, pp 550-553. 23) A R Millner 1994 Multi-hundred horsepower permanent magnet brushless disk motors. Proc. of APEC Conf, pp 351-355 w. (24 C C Chen, KT Chau, J ZJiang, W Xia, M. Zhu, R. Zhang 1996 Novel permanent magnet motor drives for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

tant sorghum grain as energy source in fattening diets for beef steers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FORD, J.E., 1977. Availability of methionine and lysine in sorghum grain in relation to the tannin content. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 36, 124A. HALE, W.H. & PROUTY, F.L., 1980.Current status of grain process- ing: Efficiency of processing systems. Proc. 8th Annual Texas Beef. Conj., Amarillo, Texas. HALE, W.H., TAYLOR, B., SABA, ...

Manoel de Barros em terras estrangeiras: o livro das ignorãças, “uma didática da invenção”, Poema XII.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tania Regina Vieira

2010-04-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2009v2n24p97 Este artigo tem por objetivo relacionar as obras de Manoel de Barros traduzidas para o espanhol, o francês e o inglês, assim como apresentar o Poema XII, de “Uma Didática da Invenção”, parte de O Livro das Ignorãças, e sua tradução para essas línguas. Breve análise acompanha o poema e suas traduções, que dão mostras do estilo ímpar do poeta matogrossense, cujo universo poético é formado por coisas banais retiradas do cotidiano do Pantanal. Como fundamentação teórica, são trazidos os conceitos de patronagem, de André Lefevere, e de significância, agramaticalidade, leitura mimética e leitura semiótica, empregados por Michael Riffaterre e retomados por Mário Laranjeira. O exame da distribuição espacial da massa gráfica do poema, chamada de visilegibilidade por Laranjeira, inicia a análise, em que são mencionadas também as modalidades tradutórias de Francis Aubert.

Beneficiation and agglomeration of manganese ore fines (an area so important and yet so ignored)

Science.gov (United States)

Sane, R.

2018-01-01

Unpredictable changes in demand and prices varying from very attractive to depressing levels have thrown all Manganese ore mines out of normal operating gear. The supply has to be in time-bound fashion, of dependable quality and continuous. With setting-up of numerous small units and with existing ferro-alloy units, ore supply has become extremely sensitive issue. Due to unpredictable swing in price of Mn ore lumps, furnace operators found it economic and convenient to use fines, even at great risks to furnace equipment and operating persons and therefore risks & damages were conveniently & comfortably ignored. Beneficiation Cost(Operating) approx. - (ferruginous ore) - Roast reduction followed by magnetic separation route-particulars - Water 20/-, Power 490/-, Coal fines-675/-, OH-250/-totaling to Rs.1435/T. (Figures are based on actual data from investigations on Orissa & Karnataka sector ores). Feed Grade Mn- 28 to 32 %, Fe - 14 to 25 %, Concentrate (Beneficiated ore fines)- - Mn- 45 to 48 %, Fe - 6 to 8 %., Recovery - 35 %, Price of 28-30 % Mn ore fines = Rs. 2400/T, Cost of Concentrated fines (45/48% Mn grade) = Rs. 8300/T, Price of 47-48 % Mn Lumpy ore = Rs.11,000/T. Sintering Cost (Operating) - Approx-Rs.1195=00/T Sinter. Therefore cost of Sinter produced from beneficiated concentrate is 9130+1195 = Rs. 10325. The difference in cost of 48%Mn ore Lumps & 48%Mn sintered concentrate = 11000-10325 = Rs.675/T. The main purpose of this paper is to show that establishment of beneficiation unit & Sintering unit is economically feasible. There are many misconcepts, still prevailing, about use of Mn ore sinters. Few of the main misconcepts are- 1)Sinters bring no benefit - technical or economical.2) Sinters are very friable and disintegrate easily into high fines during handling/transportation. 3) Fines below 100 mesh cannot be sintered. 4) Silica increases to high level during sintering, resulting in to high slag volume thereby higher power consumption. All are false

The time course of morphological processing during spoken word recognition in Chinese.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Wei; Qu, Qingqing; Ni, Aiping; Zhou, Junyi; Li, Xingshan

2017-12-01

We investigated the time course of morphological processing during spoken word recognition using the printed-word paradigm. Chinese participants were asked to listen to a spoken disyllabic compound word while simultaneously viewing a printed-word display. Each visual display consisted of three printed words: a semantic associate of the first constituent of the compound word (morphemic competitor), a semantic associate of the whole compound word (whole-word competitor), and an unrelated word (distractor). Participants were directed to detect whether the spoken target word was on the visual display. Results indicated that both the morphemic and whole-word competitors attracted more fixations than the distractor. More importantly, the morphemic competitor began to diverge from the distractor immediately at the acoustic offset of the first constituent, which was earlier than the whole-word competitor. These results suggest that lexical access to the auditory word is incremental and morphological processing (i.e., semantic access to the first constituent) that occurs at an early processing stage before access to the representation of the whole word in Chinese.

40 CFR 725.94 - Substantiation requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... market for the resulting product? Consider such constraints as capital and marketing cost, specialized... competitors? What is the cost to a competitor, in time and money, to develop appropriate use conditions? What...

Morphological response to competition for light in the clonal Trifolium repens (Fabaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Bittebiere, Anne-Kristel; Renaud, Nolwenn; Clément, Bernard; Mony, Cendrine

2012-04-01

Plant communities in temperate zones are dominated by clonal plants that can plastically modify their growth characteristics in response to competition. Given that plants compete with one another, and the implications this has for species coexistence, we conducted a study to assess how clonal species morphologically respond to competition for light depending on its intensity and heterogeneity, which are determined by the competitor species. We assessed the morphological response to competition for light of the clonal species Trifolium repens L. by measuring its growth performance, and vertical and horizontal growth traits. We used five competitive environments, i.e., one without competitor and four differing by their competitor species creating different conditions of competition intensity and heterogeneity. The morphological response of Trifolium repens to competition for light depended on the competitor identity. Competition intensity and heterogeneity, determined by competitor identity, had an interactive effect on most traits. The increase in petiole elongation and specific leaf area due to increased competition intensity was observed only at low to intermediate competition heterogeneity. Competition heterogeneity promoted the elongation of clone connections allowing space exploration. Our results demonstrated that the intensity and heterogeneity of competition, which depended on competitor identity, are of primary importance in determining the plastic response of Trifolium repens. This emphasizes that it is important to consider the fine-scale spatial distribution of individuals when studying their interactions within plant communities.

Regulation of hTERT Expression and Function in Newly Immortalized p53(+) Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines

Science.gov (United States)

2007-06-01

human mammary epithelial cell types by human papilloma virus 16 e6 or e7. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:3687-91. 54. Shay JW, Pereira-Smith OM, Wright...Liu X-L, Chu Q, Gao Q, Band V. Immortalization of distinct human mammary epithelial cell types by human papilloma virus 16 e6 or e7. Proc Nat Acad

Split Malcev algebras

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

project of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia MTM2007-60333. References. [1] Calderón A J, On split Lie algebras with symmetric root systems, Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci (Math. Sci.) 118(2008) 351–356. [2] Calderón A J, On split Lie triple systems, Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci (Math. Sci.) 119(2009). 165–177.

Proceso de virtualización de un centro de procesamiento de datos (CPD)

OpenAIRE

Castro Santero, Juan

2016-01-01

Este trabajo trata del proceso de virtualización de un centro de procesamiento de datos (CPD), por el que se explica paso a paso este proceso. Aquest treball tracta del procés de virtualització d'un centre de processament de dades (CPD), pel que s'explica pas a pas aquest procés. Bachelor thesis for the Computer Science program.

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The relativistic wave equation of the electron ranks anlO- ng the highest achievements of 20th century science. Dirac's two papers on the subject published in 1928 are the following:- P.A.M. Dirac, Proc. Roy. Soc. Al17, 610, 1928. P.A.M. Dirac, Proc. Roy. Soc. Al18, 351, 1928. Dirac himself is supposed to have reuw.rked that ...

Competitive interactions between a nonmycorrhizal invasive plant, Alliaria petiolata, and a suite of mycorrhizal grassland, old field, and forest species.

Science.gov (United States)

Poon, Gary T; Maherali, Hafiz

2015-01-01

The widespread invasion of the nonmycorrhizal biennial plant, Alliaria petiolata in North America is hypothesized to be facilitated by the production of novel biochemical weapons that suppress the growth of mycorrhizal fungi. As a result, A. petiolata is expected to be a strong competitor against plant species that rely on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake services. If A. petiolata is also a strong competitor for soil resources, it should deplete nutrients to levels lower than can be tolerated by weaker competitors. Because the negative effect of losing the fungal symbiont for mycorrhizal plants is greatest when nutrients are low, the ability of A. petiolata to simultaneously suppress fungi and efficiently take up soil nutrients should further strengthen its competitive ability against mycorrhizal plants. To test this hypothesis, we grew 27 mycorrhizal tree, forb and grass species that are representative of invaded habitats in the absence or presence of competition with A. petiolata in soils that had previously been experimentally planted with the invader or left as a control. A history of A. petiolata in soil reduced plant available forms of nitrogen by >50% and phosphorus by 17% relative to control soil. Average mycorrhizal colonization of competitor species was reduced by >50% in A. petiolata history versus control soil. Contrary to expectations, competition between A. petiolata and other species was stronger in control than history soil. The invader suppressed the biomass of 70% of competitor species in control soil but only 26% of species in history soil. In addition, A. petiolata biomass was reduced by 56% in history versus control soil, whereas the average biomass of competitor species was reduced by 15%. Thus, our results suggest that the negative effect of nutrient depletion on A. petiolata was stronger than the negative effect of suppressing mycorrhizal colonization on competitor species. These findings indicate that the inhibitory potential of A

Analyzing Repeated Measures Marginal Models on Sample Surveys with Resampling Methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James D. Knoke

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Packaged statistical software for analyzing categorical, repeated measures marginal models on sample survey data with binary covariates does not appear to be available. Consequently, this report describes a customized SAS program which accomplishes such an analysis on survey data with jackknifed replicate weights for which the primary sampling unit information has been suppressed for respondent confidentiality. First, the program employs the Macro Language and the Output Delivery System (ODS to estimate the means and covariances of indicator variables for the response variables, taking the design into account. Then, it uses PROC CATMOD and ODS, ignoring the survey design, to obtain the design matrix and hypothesis test specifications. Finally, it enters these results into another run of CATMOD, which performs automated direct input of the survey design specifications and accomplishes the appropriate analysis. This customized SAS program can be employed, with minor editing, to analyze general categorical, repeated measures marginal models on sample surveys with replicate weights. Finally, the results of our analysis accounting for the survey design are compared to the results of two alternate analyses of the same data. This comparison confirms that such alternate analyses, which do not properly account for the design, do not produce useful results.

The Role of Attrition and Solids Recovery in a Chemical Looping Combustion Process Effet de l’attrition et de la récupération des particules dans le procédé de combustion en boucle chimique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kramp M.

2011-05-01

Full Text Available In the present work, the steady-state behavior of a Chemical Looping Combustion process of interconnected fluidized bed reactors is simulated. The simulations have been carried out in two different scales, 50 kWth and 100 MWth. Attrition model derived from small scale laboratory experiments has been employed for the prediction of the process behavior in terms of attrition and Oxygen Carrier loss. Information on Oxygen Carrier characteristics and reaction kinetics were taken from literature. Realistic circulation mass flows of Oxygen Carrier particles are obtained and Oxygen Carrier losses are quantified. The large scale process looses significantly more Oxygen Carrier than the small scale process based on the same amount of thermal energy produced. Incomplete conversion in the air reactor could be identified as a critical point. Another issue is the fuel gas bypassing the Oxygen Carrier particles through bubbles in the large scale process which leads to lowered fuel conversions. The simulations indicate that a similar performance of a pilot scale and a large scale process is not guaranteed due to the scale-up effect on fluid dynamics. Furthermore, the simulations allow an assessment of the influence of the quality of the solids recovery system on the Oxygen Carrier loss. The distribution of the losses between possible origins is investigated and different changes in the solids recovery system are discussed regarding their potential to decrease the Oxygen Carrier loss. For example, the addition of a second-stage cyclone after the air reactor of the large scale process reduces the Oxygen Carrier loss significantly. Le présent travail propose un modèle de simulation en continu du procédé de combustion en boucle chimique constitué de deux lits fluidisés interconnectés. Les simulations ont été conduites à deux échelles 50 kWth correspondant à une installation pilote et 100 MWth correspondant à une installation industrielle. Un modèle d

Repository operational criteria analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hageman, J.P.; Chowdhury, A.H.

1992-08-01

The objective of the ''Repository Operational Criteria (ROC) Feasibility Studies'' (or ROC task) was to conduct comprehensive and integrated analyses of repository design, construction, and operations criteria in 10 CFR Part 60 regulations, considering the interfaces and impacts of any potential changes to those regulations. The study addresses regulatory criteria related to the preclosure aspects of the geologic repository. The study task developed regulatory concepts or potential repository operational criteria (PROC) based on analysis of a repository's safety functions and other regulations for similar facilities. These regulatory concepts or PROC were used as a basis to assess the sufficiency and adequacy of the current criteria in 10 CFR Part 60. Where the regulatory concepts were same as current operational criteria, these criteria were referenced. The operations criteria referenced or the PROC developed are given in this report. Detailed analyses used to develop the regulatory concepts and any necessary PROC for those regulations that may require a minor change are also presented. The results of the ROC task showed a need for further analysis and possible major rule change related to the design bases of a geologic repository operations area, siting, and radiological emergency planning

Implementation of benchmark management in quality assurance audit activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Yongmei

2008-01-01

The concept of Benchmark Management is that the practices of the best competitor are taken as benchmark, to analyze and study the distance between that competitor and the institute, and take efficient actions to catch up and even exceed the competitor. This paper analyzes and rebuilds all the process for quality assurance audit with the concept of Benchmark Management, based on the practices during many years of quality assurance audits, in order to improve the level and effect of quality assurance audit activities. (author)

Quantum field theory on a cone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dowker, J.S.

1977-01-01

The expressions derived by Sommerfeld (Proc. Lond. Math. Soc.; 28: 417 (1897)) and Carslaw (Proc. Lond. Math. Soc.; 20: 121 (1898), 8: 365 (1910), 18: 291 (1919)) for the Green functions and diffusion kernels in a wedge of arbitrary angle are shown to be useful in discussions of the Feynman Green function in Rindler (Am. J. Phys.; 34: 1174 (1966)) space and other space-time metrics. (author)

Identification and Triage of Compromised Virtual Machines

Science.gov (United States)

2014-09-01

purposes. netstat.exe Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 ...recalls a history of commands entered via the current command prompt session, edits command lines, and creates macros [29] 2. Sysinternals Suite Tools...filesums history of additional users ~username/.bash_history ./ps -ef | ./grep “lkl” file /proc/1900/exe ./strings -a /proc

Method for producing nano-embedded microparticles

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2015-01-01

of the invention. (FR)La présente invention concerne un procédé rapide, à haut rendement et continu de production de nano-microparticules intégrées sous forme de poudre, ce qui permet d'obtenir un procédé économique qui peut être mis en oeuvre de manière aseptique. L'invention concerne, en outre, un appareil pour...

Model checking biological systems described using ambient calculus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mardare, Radu Iulian; Priami, Corrado; Qualia, Paola

2005-01-01

Model checking biological systems described using ambient calculus. In Proc. of the second International Workshop on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB04), Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 3082:85-103, Springer, 2005.......Model checking biological systems described using ambient calculus. In Proc. of the second International Workshop on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB04), Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 3082:85-103, Springer, 2005....

When your contract manufacturer becomes your competitor.

Science.gov (United States)

Arruñda, Benito; Vázquez, Xosé H

2006-09-01

PC maker Lenovo started out as a distributor of equipment made by IBM and other companies; now it has formed a joint venture with IBM and will eventually affix its own logo to its computers. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) started out manufacturing vehicles for Volkswagen and GM; now it's preparing to sell its own cars in China, Europe, and North America. Lenovo and SAIC represent a host of formerly anonymous makers of brand-name products that are breaking out of their defined roles and pushing the brands themselves aside. In this article, the authors explore the double-edged relationships original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) forge with their contract manufacturers (CMs). On the one hand, an OEM can reduce its labor costs, free up capital, and improve worker productivity by outsourcing all the manufacturing of a product. The company can then concentrate on value-adding activities--research and development, product design, and marketing, for instance. On the other hand, an OEM that retains a contract manufacturer may find itself immersed in a melodrama replete with promiscuity (the ambitious CM pursues liaisons with other OEMs), infidelity (the OEM's retailers and distributors shift their business to the upstart CM), and betrayal (the brazen CM transmits the OEM's intellectual property to the OEM's rivals or keeps it for itself when the contract is up). OEMs cannot simply terminate their outsourcing arrangements--they need contract manufacturers in order to keep specializing, adding value, and staying competitive. But OEMs can manage these relationships so that they don't become weak or the CMs too strong. Doing so requires modesty about revealing trade secrets; caution about whom one consorts with; and a judicious degree of intimacy, loyalty, and generosity toward partners and customers.

COMPETITORS ACCOUNTING AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE TOOL

OpenAIRE

YÜCENURŞEN, Mehmet; DUMAN, Haluk; APAK, İbrahim; KALAV, Ömer

2016-01-01

In recent years, it seems that businesses adopt customer-oriented marketing strategies. According to the adopted strategies to keep customer satisfaction at the highest level, businesses have been focused to developt new product, to find new customers, to improve distribution and promotion activity etc. Besides, businesses have recognized that they should analize their competitor’s activity and movement to make high profit and growth. Porter's competitive advantage that it is possib...

New business dynamics and agressiveness between competitors

OpenAIRE

Ruiz, Sandra Marcela

2015-01-01

Pesquisas recentes tem se concentrado em analisar se as vantagens competitivas podem ser sustentáveis em um contexto hipercompetitivo. Literatura existente que tem analisado economias emergentes descobriu que o desenvolvimento do contexto institucional contribui para a criação de condições hipercompetitivas. Reconhecendo a importância dessas pesquisas no campo da gestão estratégica, mas ao invés de concentrar a atenção em países emergentes, este trabalho considera crucial ter um espectro mais...

Velocity distribution of women's 30-km cross-country skiing during Olympic Games from 2002-2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Erdmann, Wlodzimierz S; Dancewicz-Nosko, Dorota; Giovanis, Vasilios

2017-12-01

Within several investigated endurance sport disciplines the distribution of load of the best competitors has a manner of evenly or slightly rising velocity values. Unfortunately many other competitors have usually diminishing values or when they are very poor they have evenly values. The aim of this study was to investigate distribution of velocity within 30-km cross-country female skiers. Cross-country skiing runs were investigated of Olympic Games 2002-2014 (Salt Lake City, Turin, Vancouver, Sochi). At every race two 15 km or three 10 km loops of the same vertical profile were taken into account. The competitors were divided onto: A - winners, B - medallists, C - competitors who obtained places 4 to 10 at the finish line (medium runners), D - competitors who obtained places 11 to 30 at the finish line (poor runners). Velocity data presented on the web pages of several institutions were utilized. The competitors had their velocity distributed in a manner with usually diminishing values. While comparing velocity of sequential loops with the mean velocity the difference for the poor runners reached the value of almost 6 %, which was too high. There was significant (usually negative) correlation coefficient between values of velocity deviation for the first and second loops and the mean value of velocity for the entire distance for the better runners and mixed, i.e. positive and negative values for the poorer runners. It was postulated investigations of velocity distribution should be introduced in coaching in order to inform competitors about their running. This advise is especially important for the poorer runners. Up to now cross country skiers run for themselves. It should be discussed whether the tactics used by road and track runners, i.e. running with pace makers, can be introduced in cross country skiing. Also the use of a drone during training can be used in order to maintain proper pace.

Order of arrival affects competition in two reef fishes.

Science.gov (United States)

Geange, Shane W; Stier, Adrian C

2009-10-01

Many communities experience repeated periods of colonization due to seasonally regenerating habitats or pulsed arrival of young-of-year. When an individual's persistence in a community depends upon the strength of competitive interactions, changes in the timing of arrival relative to the arrival of a competitor can modify competitive strength and, ultimately, establishment in the community. We investigated whether the strength of intracohort competitive interactions between recent settlers of the reef fishes Thalassoma hardwicke and T. quinquevittatum are dependent on the sequence and temporal separation of their arrival into communities. To achieve this, we manipulated the sequence and timing of arrival of each species onto experimental patch reefs by simulating settlement pulses and monitoring survival and aggressive interactions. Both species survived best in the absence of competitors, but when competitors were present, they did best when they arrived at the same time. Survival declined as each species entered the community progressively later than its competitor and as aggression by its competitor increased. Intraspecific effects of resident T. hardwicke were similar to interspecific effects. This study shows that the strength of competition depends not only on the identity of competitors, but also on the sequence and timing of their interactions, suggesting that when examining interaction strengths, it is important to identify temporal variability in the direction and magnitude of their effects. Furthermore, our findings provide empirical evidence for the importance of competitive lotteries in the maintenance of species diversity in demographically open marine systems.

Visual attention shift to printed words during spoken word recognition in Chinese: The role of phonological information.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Wei; Qu, Qingqing; Tong, Xiuhong

2018-05-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which phonological information mediates the visual attention shift to printed Chinese words in spoken word recognition by using an eye-movement technique with a printed-word paradigm. In this paradigm, participants are visually presented with four printed words on a computer screen, which include a target word, a phonological competitor, and two distractors. Participants are then required to select the target word using a computer mouse, and the eye movements are recorded. In Experiment 1, phonological information was manipulated at the full-phonological overlap; in Experiment 2, phonological information at the partial-phonological overlap was manipulated; and in Experiment 3, the phonological competitors were manipulated to share either fulloverlap or partial-overlap with targets directly. Results of the three experiments showed that the phonological competitor effects were observed at both the full-phonological overlap and partial-phonological overlap conditions. That is, phonological competitors attracted more fixations than distractors, which suggested that phonological information mediates the visual attention shift during spoken word recognition. More importantly, we found that the mediating role of phonological information varies as a function of the phonological similarity between target words and phonological competitors.

Applications of Polarimetric and Interferometric SAR to Environmental Remote Sensing and its Activities: Recent Advances in Extrawideband Polarimetry, Interferometry and Polarimetric Interferometry in Synthetic Aperture Remote Sensing and its Applications

Science.gov (United States)

2007-02-01

leap towards complete physical realizability” must and will be achieved during this decade – similar to progressing from “Classical X- Ray -Shadow...Visible, Ultraviolet, X- Ray , Proc. SPIE-1317 ( also see SPIE Proc. 891, 1166, 1746, 1988, 1989, 3121). [38] Chipman, R.A., 1994, Polarimetry...on „Radar mit realer und synthetischer Apertur“. Oldenburg Verlag, Munich 1999, 88 p. [173] Mott, H. and W-M. Boerner, 1992, editors, “Radar

Detection and Interpretation of Low-Level and High-Level Surprising and Important Events in Large-Scale Data Streams

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-28

a current (start) state to one or several desired (goal) state or states. Note that like in standard search in Artificial Intelligence , the goal may...datasets. Publications: J. Zhao, C. Siagian, L. Itti, Fixation Bank : Learning to Reweight Fixation Candidates, In: Proc. IEEE Confer- ence on Computer...eyeglasses, In: Proc. IEEE/RSJ International Con- ference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 5674-5679, Nov 2013. [2013 acceptance rate: 43%] A

78 FR 6394 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGA Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-30

... higher administrative costs associated with monitoring External Distributors ongoing reporting, as... losing business to its competitors.\\23\\ \\21\\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51808 (June 9, 2006... with those charged by the Exchange's competitors, EdgeBook Attributed \\SM\\ would promote competition if...