Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: Humanism in Action.

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, Larry K.

1996-01-01

Claims that humanism, in both concept and philosophy, is encased in a literature that is predominantly abstract, making humanism difficult to translate into tangible day-to-day action. Argues that rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), however, provides a detailed method for translating humanist concepts into humanist behavior. (RJM)

Mimesis: Linking Postmodern Theory to Human Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Dybicz, Phillip

2010-01-01

This article elaborates mimesis as a theory of causality used to explain human behavior. Drawing parallels to social constructionism's critique of positivism and naturalism, mimesis is offered as a theory of causality explaining human behavior that contests the current dominance of Newton's theory of causality as cause and effect. The contestation…

Nonlinear dynamics in human behavior

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huys, Raoul [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13 - Marseille (France); Marseille Univ. (France). Movement Science Inst.; Jirsa, Viktor K. (eds.) [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13 - Marseille (France); Marseille Univ. (France). Movement Science Inst.; Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, FL (United States). Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences

2010-07-01

Humans engage in a seemingly endless variety of different behaviors, of which some are found across species, while others are conceived of as typically human. Most generally, behavior comes about through the interplay of various constraints - informational, mechanical, neural, metabolic, and so on - operating at multiple scales in space and time. Over the years, consensus has grown in the research community that, rather than investigating behavior only from bottom up, it may be also well understood in terms of concepts and laws on the phenomenological level. Such top down approach is rooted in theories of synergetics and self-organization using tools from nonlinear dynamics. The present compendium brings together scientists from all over the world that have contributed to the development of their respective fields departing from this background. It provides an introduction to deterministic as well as stochastic dynamical systems and contains applications to motor control and coordination, visual perception and illusion, as well as auditory perception in the context of speech and music. (orig.)

Human body scents: do they influence our behavior?

Science.gov (United States)

Mildner, Sophie; Buchbauer, Gerhard

2013-11-01

Pheromonal communication in the animal world has been of great research interest for a long time. While extraordinary discoveries in this field have been made, the importance of the human sense of smell was of far lower interest. Humans are seen as poor smellers and therefore research about human olfaction remains quite sparse compared with other animals. Nevertheless amazing achievements have been made during the past 15 years. This is a collection of available data on this topic and a controversial discussion on the role of putative human pheromones in our modem way of living. While the focus was definitely put on behavioral changes evoked by putative human pheromones this article also includes other important aspects such as the possible existence of a human vomeronasal organ. If pheromones do have an influence on human behavior there has to be a receptor organ. How are human body scents secreted and turned into odorous substances? And how can con-specifics detect those very odors and transmit them to the brain? Apart from that the most likely candidates for human pheromones are taken on account and their impact on human behavior is shown in various detail.

Rasmussen's model of human behavior in laparoscopy training.

Science.gov (United States)

Wentink, M; Stassen, L P S; Alwayn, I; Hosman, R J A W; Stassen, H G

2003-08-01

Compared to aviation, where virtual reality (VR) training has been standardized and simulators have proven their benefits, the objectives, needs, and means of VR training in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) still have to be established. The aim of the study presented is to introduce Rasmussen's model of human behavior as a practical framework for the definition of the training objectives, needs, and means in MIS. Rasmussen distinguishes three levels of human behavior: skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based behaviour. The training needs of a laparoscopic novice can be determined by identifying the specific skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based behavior that is required for performing safe laparoscopy. Future objectives of VR laparoscopy trainers should address all three levels of behavior. Although most commercially available simulators for laparoscopy aim at training skill-based behavior, especially the training of knowledge-based behavior during complications in surgery will improve safety levels. However, the cost and complexity of a training means increases when the training objectives proceed from the training of skill-based behavior to the training of complex knowledge-based behavior. In aviation, human behavior models have been used successfully to integrate the training of skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based behavior in a full flight simulator. Understanding surgeon behavior is one of the first steps towards a future full-scale laparoscopy simulator.

Influence of human behavior on cholera dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xueying; Gao, Daozhou; Wang, Jin

2015-09-01

This paper is devoted to studying the impact of human behavior on cholera infection. We start with a cholera ordinary differential equation (ODE) model that incorporates human behavior via modeling disease prevalence dependent contact rates for direct and indirect transmissions and infectious host shedding. Local and global dynamics of the model are analyzed with respect to the basic reproduction number. We then extend the ODE model to a reaction-convection-diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) model that accounts for the movement of both human hosts and bacteria. Particularly, we investigate the cholera spreading speed by analyzing the traveling wave solutions of the PDE model, and disease threshold dynamics by numerically evaluating the basic reproduction number of the PDE model. Our results show that human behavior can reduce (a) the endemic and epidemic levels, (b) cholera spreading speeds and (c) the risk of infection (characterized by the basic reproduction number). Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Object Recognition Behavior in Human and Monkey

Science.gov (United States)

Rajalingham, Rishi; Schmidt, Kailyn

2015-01-01

Although the rhesus monkey is used widely as an animal model of human visual processing, it is not known whether invariant visual object recognition behavior is quantitatively comparable across monkeys and humans. To address this question, we systematically compared the core object recognition behavior of two monkeys with that of human subjects. To test true object recognition behavior (rather than image matching), we generated several thousand naturalistic synthetic images of 24 basic-level objects with high variation in viewing parameters and image background. Monkeys were trained to perform binary object recognition tasks on a match-to-sample paradigm. Data from 605 human subjects performing the same tasks on Mechanical Turk were aggregated to characterize “pooled human” object recognition behavior, as well as 33 separate Mechanical Turk subjects to characterize individual human subject behavior. Our results show that monkeys learn each new object in a few days, after which they not only match mean human performance but show a pattern of object confusion that is highly correlated with pooled human confusion patterns and is statistically indistinguishable from individual human subjects. Importantly, this shared human and monkey pattern of 3D object confusion is not shared with low-level visual representations (pixels, V1+; models of the retina and primary visual cortex) but is shared with a state-of-the-art computer vision feature representation. Together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that rhesus monkeys and humans share a common neural shape representation that directly supports object perception. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To date, several mammalian species have shown promise as animal models for studying the neural mechanisms underlying high-level visual processing in humans. In light of this diversity, making tight comparisons between nonhuman and human primates is particularly critical in determining the best use of nonhuman primates to

Behavior of exposed human lymphocytes to a neutron beam of the Reactor TRIGA Mark III; Comportamiento de linfocitos humanos expuestos a un haz de neutrones del Reactor Triga Mark III

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbajal R, M. I.; Arceo M, C.; Aguilar H, F.; Guerrero C, C., E-mail: citlali.guerrero@inin.gob.mx [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2012-10-15

The living beings are permanently exposed to radiations of natural origin: cosmic and geologic, as well as the artificial radiations that come from sources elaborated by the man. The artificial sources have an important use in the medical area. Particularly has been increased the neutrons use due to the effectiveness that they have to damage the cells with regard to other radiation types. The biological indicator of exposition to ionizing radiation more reliable is the chromosomal aberrations study, specifically the dicentrics in human lymphocytes. This test allows, establishing the exposition dose in function of the damage quantity. The dicentrics have a behavior in function of the dose. The calibration curve that describes this behavior is specific for each type of ionizing radiation. In the year 2006 beginning was given to the expositions of human lymphocytes to a neutron beam generated in the reactor TRIGA Mark III of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) in Mexico. Up to 2008 the response dose curve comprised an interval of exposition time of up to 30 minutes. Moreover, the interval between 10 an 20 minutes is included, since was observed that this last is indispensable for the adjustment waited in a lineal model. (Author)

Maturidade emocional e avaliação comportamental de crianças filhas de alcoolistas Emotional maturity and behavioral assessment of children of alcoholics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joseane de Souza

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Filhos de alcoolistas têm sido apontados como mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de problemas emocionais e comportamentais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente filhos de alcoolistas e filhos de não-alcoolistas nos aspectos cognitivo e emocional, através do Teste Desenho da Figura Humana, e comportamental, segundo a percepção das mães, utilizando-se a Escala Comportamental de Rutter. Os sujeitos foram 20 filhos de alcoolistas e 20 filhos de não-alcoolistas, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos, matriculados no Ensino Fundamental. Cada grupo foi formado de 10 meninos e 10 meninas. Na análise dos resultados, filhos de alcoolistas apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa nos aspectos emocional e comportamental. Eles revelaram timidez, insegurança e baixa auto-estima. Segundo as mães, mostraram: impaciência, irritação, agitação, desobediência e dependência. As meninas filhas de alcoolistas apresentaram mais problemas emocionais e de comportamento que as meninas filhas de não-alcoolistas. Neste trabalho as meninas se revelaram mais vulneráveis que os meninos nos domínios emocional e comportamental.Children of alcoholics (COAs have been found to be more vulnerable to emotional and behavioral problems. This study had the aim to assess comparatively children of alcoholics and children of nonalcoholics. The Human Figure Drawing Test was used to assess their cognitive and emotional aspects. To assess mother's behavioral aspects the Rutter's Scale was used. Subjects: 20 children of alcoholics (COAs and 20 children of nonalcoholics (Non-COAs, 9 to 12 years of age, enrolled at elementary school. Each group was composed of 10 boys and 10 girls. Results: children of alcoholics showed difference statistically significant in emotional and behavioral aspects. They showed: shyness, insecurity and low self-esteem. According their mothers opinion they are: impatient, irritable, agitated, disobedient and

First contacts and the common behavior of human beings

OpenAIRE

Van Brakel, Jaap

2005-01-01

In this paper my aim is to shed light on the common behavior of human beings by looking at '' first contacts '': the situation where people with unshared histories first meet (who don't speak one an others' language, don't have access to interpreters, etc.). The limits of the human life form are given by what is similar in the common behavior(s) of human beings. But what is similar should not be understood as something that is biologically or psychologically or transcendentally shared by all ...

Television and Human Behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Comstock, George; And Others

To compile a comprehensive review of English language scientific literature regarding the effects of television on human behavior, the authors of this book evaluated more than 2,500 books, articles, reports, and other documents. Rather than taking a traditional approach, the authors followed a new model for the retrieval and synthesis of…

Aging and human sexual behavior: biocultural perspectives - a mini-review.

Science.gov (United States)

Gray, Peter B; Garcia, Justin R

2012-01-01

In this mini-review, we consider an evolutionary biocultural perspective on human aging and sexuality. An evolutionary approach to senescence highlights the energetic trade-offs between fertility and mortality. By comparing humans to other primates, we situate human senescence as an evolutionary process, with shifts in postreproductive sexual behavior in this light. Age-related declines in sexual behavior are typical for humans but also highly contingent on the sociocultural context within which aging individuals express their sexuality. We briefly review some of the most comprehensive studies of aging and sexual behavior, both from the USA and cross-culturally. We frame these patterns with respect to the long-term relationships within which human sexual behavior typically occurs. Because sexuality is typically expressed within pair-bonds, sexual behavior sometimes declines in both members of a couple with age, but also exhibits sex-specific effects that have their roots in evolved sex differences. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

[Diversity and development of positional behavior in non-human primates].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jing; Qi, Xiao-Guang; Zhang, Kan; Zhang, Pei; Guo, Song-Tao; Wei, Wei; Li, Bao-Guo

2012-10-01

In long-term evolution, wildlife in general and primates in particular have formed specific patterns of behavior to adapt to a diverse variety of habitat environments. Current research on positional behavior in non-human primates has been found to explain a great deal about primate adaptability diversification, ecology, anatomy and evolution. Here, we summarize the noted classifications and differences in seasonal, site-specific and sex-age positional behaviors while also reviewing the development and status of non-human primate positional behavior research. This review is intended to provide reference for the future research of non-human primates and aid in further research on behavioral ecology of primates.

Mathematical models of human behavior

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møllgaard, Anders Edsberg

at the Technical University of Denmark. The data set includes face-to-face interaction (Bluetooth), communication (calls and texts), mobility (GPS), social network (Facebook), and general background information including a psychological profile (questionnaire). This thesis presents my work on the Social Fabric...... data set, along with work on other behavioral data. The overall goal is to contribute to a quantitative understanding of human behavior using big data and mathematical models. Central to the thesis is the determination of the predictability of different human activities. Upper limits are derived....... Evidence is provided, which implies that the asymmetry is caused by a self-enhancement in the initiation dynamics. These results have implications for the formation of social networks and the dynamics of the links. It is shown that the Big Five Inventory (BFI) representing a psychological profile only...

From Annotated Multimodal Corpora to Simulated Human-Like Behaviors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rehm, Matthias; André, Elisabeth

2008-01-01

Multimodal corpora prove useful at different stages of the development process of embodied conversational agents. Insights into human-human communicative behaviors can be drawn from such corpora. Rules for planning and generating such behavior in agents can be derived from this information....... And even the evaluation of human-agent interactions can rely on corpus data from human-human communication. In this paper, we exemplify how corpora can be exploited at the different development steps, starting with the question of how corpora are annotated and on what level of granularity. The corpus data...

Training together: how another human's presence affects behavior during virtual human-based team training

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew Robb

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Despite research showing that team training can lead to strong improvements in team performance, logistical difficulties can prevent team training programs from being adopted on a large scale. A proposed solution to these difficulties is the use of virtual humans to replace missing teammates. Existing research evaluating the use of virtual humans for team training has been conducted in settings involving a single human trainee. However, in the real world multiple human trainees would most likely train together. In this paper, we explore how the presence of a second human trainee can alter behavior during a medical team training program. Ninety-two nurses and surgical technicians participated in a medical training exercise, where they worked with a virtual surgeon and virtual anesthesiologist to prepare a simulated patient for surgery. The agency of the nurse and the surgical technician were varied between three conditions: human nurses and surgical technicians working together; human nurses working with a virtual surgical technician; and human surgical technicians working with a virtual nurse. Variations in agency did not produce statistically significant differences in the training outcomes, but several notable differences were observed in other aspects of the team's behavior. Specifically, when working with a virtual nurse, human surgical technicians were more likely to assist with speaking up about patient safety issues that were outside of their normal responsibilities; human trainees spent less time searching for a missing item when working with a virtual partner, likely because the virtual partner was physically unable to move throughout the room and assist with the searching process; and more breaks in presence were observed when two human teammates were present. These results show that some behaviors may be influenced by the presence of multiple human trainees, though these behaviors may not impinge on core training goals. When

Technological advances for studying human behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Roske-Hofstrand, Renate J.

1990-01-01

Technological advances for studying human behavior are noted in viewgraph form. It is asserted that performance-aiding systems are proliferating without a fundamental understanding of how they would interact with the humans who must control them. Two views of automation research, the hardware view and the human-centered view, are listed. Other viewgraphs give information on vital elements for human-centered research, a continuum of the research process, available technologies, new technologies for persistent problems, a sample research infrastructure, the need for metrics, and examples of data-link technology.

A Behavioral Theory of Human Capital Integration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Jesper

design in fostering the integration and use of human capital is bounded by individual cognitive limitations that may lead employees to deviate from expected behavior, both individually and in collaboration. The thesis consists of three research papers relying on comprehensive longitudinal project data...... with one another. The overarching contribution of the thesis is to demonstrate, through the combination of psychological and organizational theory, how the ability of firms to properly activate and apply the knowledge held by their employees is fundamentally contingent on the interplay of cognitive...... of a behavioral theory of human capital integration....

Marmosets: A Neuroscientific Model of Human Social Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Freiwald, Winrich A; Leopold, David A; Mitchell, Jude F; Silva, Afonso C; Wang, Xiaoqin

2016-01-01

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has garnered interest recently as a powerful model for the future of neuroscience research. Much of this excitement has centered on the species’ reproductive biology and compatibility with gene editing techniques, which together have provided a path for transgenic marmosets to contribute to the study of disease as well as basic brain mechanisms. In step with technical advances is the need to establish experimental paradigms that optimally tap into the marmosets’ behavioral and cognitive capacities. While conditioned task performance of a marmoset can compare unfavorably with rhesus monkey performance on conventional testing paradigms, marmosets’ social cognition and communication are more similar to that of humans. For example, marmosets are amongst only a handful of primates that, like humans, routinely pair bond and care cooperatively for their young. They are also notably pro-social and exhibit social cognitive abilities, such as imitation, that are rare outside of the Apes. In this review, we describe key facets of marmoset natural social behavior and demonstrate that emerging behavioral paradigms are well suited to isolate components of marmoset cognition that are highly relevant to humans. These approaches generally embrace natural behavior and communication, which has been rare in conventional primate testing, and thus allow for a new consideration of neural mechanisms underlying primate social cognition and communication. We anticipate that through parallel technical and paradigmatic advances, marmosets will become an essential model of human social behavior, including its dysfunction in nearly all neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID:27100195

Fast human behavior analysis for scene understanding

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lao, W.

2011-01-01

Human behavior analysis has become an active topic of great interest and relevance for a number of applications and areas of research. The research in recent years has been considerably driven by the growing level of criminal behavior in large urban areas and increase of terroristic actions. Also,

Problemas de comportamento exteriorizado e as relações familiares: revisão de literatura Problemas de comportamiento exteriorizado y las relaciones familiares: revisión de literatura Externalized behavior problems and family relationships: a review of the literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriane Corrêa Szelbracikowski

2007-04-01

parentales. Por fin, presentamos algunas consideraciones respecto al rol de la cultura en el desarrollo de problemas de comportamiento exteriorizado y de la necesidad de investigar este tipo de problema bajo la perspectiva del desarrollo humano.Researchers have been studying the family relationships of children with externalizing behavior problems owing to the latter’s implications on human development during their lives. Risk factors that contribute towards the rise and establishment of such behaviors are associated to children’s personal characteristics, family processes, the influence of peers, communities, and schools. The influence of parental and marital relationships in families of children with externalizing behavior problems is discussed. Parental practices and level of parental stress are first emphasized; second, the patterns of interaction in married and re-married families and its implications on parental relationships are highlighted. Finally, the role of the culture in the development of externalizing behavior problems and the necessity of investigating these problems from the human development perspective are debated.

Self-Injurious Behavior, Self-Restraint, and Compulsive Behaviors in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Hyman, Philippa; Oliver, Chris; Hall, Scott

2002-01-01

Analysis of questionnaires completed by caregivers of 77 individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome in the United Kingdom found a significant association between self-injurious behaviors and self-restraint, and those displaying both behaviors displayed significantly more compulsions than did those not exhibiting them. Findings extend the…

Understanding the heavy-tailed dynamics in human behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Ross, Gordon J.; Jones, Tim

2015-06-01

The recent availability of electronic data sets containing large volumes of communication data has made it possible to study human behavior on a larger scale than ever before. From this, it has been discovered that across a diverse range of data sets, the interevent times between consecutive communication events obey heavy-tailed power law dynamics. Explaining this has proved controversial, and two distinct hypotheses have emerged. The first holds that these power laws are fundamental, and arise from the mechanisms such as priority queuing that humans use to schedule tasks. The second holds that they are statistical artifacts which only occur in aggregated data when features such as circadian rhythms and burstiness are ignored. We use a large social media data set to test these hypotheses, and find that although models that incorporate circadian rhythms and burstiness do explain part of the observed heavy tails, there is residual unexplained heavy-tail behavior which suggests a more fundamental cause. Based on this, we develop a quantitative model of human behavior which improves on existing approaches and gives insight into the mechanisms underlying human interactions.

Nanoindentation creep behavior of human enamel.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Li-Hong; Swain, Michael V

2009-11-01

In this study, the indentation creep behavior of human enamel was investigated with a nanoindentation system and a Berkovich indenter at a force of 250 mN with one-step loading and unloading method. A constant hold period of 900 s was incorporated into each test at the maximum load as well at 5 mN minimum load during unloading. The indentation creep at the maximum load and creep recovery at the minimum load was described with a double exponential function and compared with other classic viscoelastic models (Debye/Maxwell and Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts). Indentation creep rate sensitivity, m, of human enamel was measured for the first time with a value of approximately 0.012. Enamel displayed both viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior similar to that of bone. These results indicate that, associated with entrapment of particulates between teeth under functional loading and sliding wear conditions, the enamel may inelastically deform but recover upon its release. This behavior may be important in explaining the excellent wear resistance, antifatigue, and crack resistant abilities of natural tooth structure. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Assessing Human Judgment of Computationally Generated Swarming Behavior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Harvey

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Computer-based swarm systems, aiming to replicate the flocking behavior of birds, were first introduced by Reynolds in 1987. In his initial work, Reynolds noted that while it was difficult to quantify the dynamics of the behavior from the model, observers of his model immediately recognized them as a representation of a natural flock. Considerable analysis has been conducted since then on quantifying the dynamics of flocking/swarming behavior. However, no systematic analysis has been conducted on human identification of swarming. In this paper, we assess subjects’ assessment of the behavior of a simplified version of Reynolds’ model. Factors that affect the identification of swarming are discussed and future applications of the resulting models are proposed. Differences in decision times for swarming-related questions asked during the study indicate that different brain mechanisms may be involved in different elements of the behavior assessment task. The relatively simple but finely tunable model used in this study provides a useful methodology for assessing individual human judgment of swarming behavior.

Human rights treatment in La Voz de Galicia/Tratamiento de derechos humanos en La Voz de Galicia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dra. Mercedes Román Portas

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract: This article summarizes the results of an investigation pertaining to “Human Rights and the Written Press.” The project resulted from a collaborative effort between teachers from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and the Universidad de Vigo in response to an accord established by the Fundacion Ciudadania y Valores. The general goal of this project is to employ quantitative content analysis methods to analyze the types of human rights-related press information received by readers of the regional newspaper, La Voz de Galicia. The specific objective of the research project was to study the level of interest that exists among readers regarding human rights reporting in La Voz de Galicia. The investigators demonstrate the quantitative frequency of contents reported in this newspaper related to human rights by presenting the analytical results of topics grouped by four select articles pertaining to the Universal Human Rights Declaration.Resumen: Este trabajo es fruto de un proyecto más amplio de investigación ya finalizado. La Fundación Ciudadanía y Valores estableció un acuerdo con un equipo de investigación integrado por profesores de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la Universidad de Vigo para realizar un primer informe sobre “Derechos Humanos y prensa escrita”. El objetivo global de este artículo consiste en analizar, mediante análisis de contenidos cuantitativos, el discurso mediático que los lectores del diario regional La Voz de Galicia, recibe de este periódico en relación con determinados aspectos de los derechos humanos. Los objetivos específicos de la investigación se centraron en estudiar el grado de interés que existe por los derechos humanos en este diario regional. Es decir, el grado de presencia de contenidos vinculados a este concepto. Al final del texto se presentan los resultados del análisis de los tópicos agrupados por los cuatro artículos de la Declaración Universal de Derechos

Viscoelastic behavior of discrete human collagen fibrils

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svensson, Rene; Hassenkam, Tue; P, Hansen

2010-01-01

Whole tendon and fibril bundles display viscoelastic behavior, but to the best of our knowledge this property has not been directly measured in single human tendon fibrils. In the present work an atomic force microscopy (AFM) approach was used for tensile testing of two human patellar tendon fibr...

Human behavioral contributions to climate change: psychological and contextual drivers.

Science.gov (United States)

Swim, Janet K; Clayton, Susan; Howard, George S

2011-01-01

We are facing rapid changes in the global climate, and these changes are attributable to human behavior. Humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase in population seen in the past 50 to 100 years. Our goal in this article is to examine the underlying psychosocial causes of human impact, primarily through patterns of reproduction and consumption. We identify and distinguish individual, societal, and behavioral predictors of environmental impact. Relevant research in these areas (as well as areas that would be aided by greater attention by psychologists) are reviewed. We conclude by highlighting ethical issues that emerge when considering how to address human behavioral contributions to climate change.

Las decisiones de los habitantes de Medellín en materia de servicios de salud Health seeking behavior in Medellin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Stella Álvarez C

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: se realizó una investigación cualitativa para conocer las preferencias en materia de salud, de habitantes de diferentes estratos sociales de Medellín y las razones que explican esas preferencias. El objetivo era establecer si existían patrones de comportamiento entre los informantes y si algunos de los modelos teóricos contribuían a explicar esos patrones. Métodología: se entrevistaron 46 personas entre los meses de julio y septiembre de 2005. Se les preguntó si habían estado enfermos durante los últimos tres meses, qué pasos habían dado para solucionar su problema y por qué razón lo habían hecho. Resultados: se encontró que los factores que más pesan en las decisiones tomadas por los entrevistados son razones de índole cultural; es así como buscan recursos en la medicina popular; financiera porque de acuerdo a los recursos de que disponen, acceden a servicios de salud; e insatisfacción con la medicina occidental y con la prestación de los servicios de salud. Discusión: los elementos que las personas tuvieron en cuenta para decidir en salud fueron diferentes a aquellos planteados en los modelos teóricos de comportamiento en salud. Conclusiones: se necesita acudir a elementos aportados por otras teorías que consultan el contexto económico, social y cultural para la explicación de las decisiones en salud.Objective: a qualitative study was carried out to explore health choices of Medellín’s residents from different social strata and factors associated to decisions. The aim was to determine behavior patterns, if any, among informants and if a health behavior model contributes to explain any existing pattern. Methodology: forty six people from different social strata were interviewed from July to September 2005; informants were questioned about the diseases and ailments they suffered during the last three months, as well as the course of action taken and the reason for each decision made. Results: the study

Megascale processes: Natural disasters and human behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Kieffer, S.W.; Barton, P.; Chesworth, W.; Palmer, A.R.; Reitan, P.; Zen, E.-A.

2009-01-01

Megascale geologic processes, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, and meteoritic impacts have occurred intermittently throughout geologic time, and perhaps on several planets. Unlike other catastrophes discussed in this volume, a unique process is unfolding on Earth, one in which humans may be the driving agent of megadisasters. Although local effects on population clusters may have been catastrophic in the past, human societies have never been interconnected globally at the scale that currently exists. We review some megascale processes and their effects in the past, and compare present conditions and possible outcomes. We then propose that human behavior itself is having effects on the planet that are comparable to, or greater than, these natural disasters. Yet, unlike geologic processes, human behavior is potentially under our control. Because the effects of our behavior threaten the stability, or perhaps even existence, of a civilized society, we call for the creation of a body to institute coherent global, credible, scientifi cally based action that is sensitive to political, economic, religious, and cultural values. The goal would be to institute aggressive monitoring, identify and understand trends, predict their consequences, and suggest and evaluate alternative actions to attempt to rescue ourselves and our ecosystems from catastrophe. We provide a template modeled after several existing national and international bodies. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.

[Terrorism and human behavior].

Science.gov (United States)

Leistedt, S J

2018-04-01

Theories of religion are essential for understanding current trends in terrorist activities. The aim of this work is to clarify religion's role in facilitating terror and outline in parallel with recent theoretical developments on terrorism and human behaviour. Several databases were used such as PubCentral, Scopus, Medline and Science Direct. The search terms "terrorism", "social psychology", "religion", "evolution", and "cognition" were used to identify relevant studies in the databases. This work examines, in a multidimensional way, how terrorists employ these features of religion to achieve their goals. In the same way, it describes how terrorists use rituals to conditionally associate emotions with sanctified symbols that are emotionally evocative and motivationally powerful, fostering group solidarity, trust, and cooperation. Religious beliefs, including promised rewards in the afterlife, further serve to facilitate cooperation by altering the perceived payoffs of costly actions, including suicide bombing. The adolescent pattern of brain development is unique, and young adulthood presents an ideal developmental stage to attract recruits and enlist them in high-risk behaviors. This work offers insights, based on this translational analysis, concerning the links between religion, terrorism and human behavior. Copyright © 2017 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Research opportunities in human behavior and performance

Science.gov (United States)

Christensen, J. M. (Editor); Talbot, J. M. (Editor)

1985-01-01

Extant information on the subject of psychological aspects of manned space flight are reviewed; NASA's psychology research program is examined; significant gaps in knowledge are identified; and suggestions are offered for future research program planning. Issues of human behavior and performance related to the United States space station, to the space shuttle program, and to both near and long term problems of a generic nature in applicable disciplines of psychology are considered. Topics covered include: (1) human performance requirements for a 90 day mission; (2) human perceptual, cognitive, and motor capabilities and limitations in space; (3) crew composition, individual competencies, crew competencies, selection criteria, and special training; (4) environmental factors influencing behavior; (5) psychosocial aspects of multiperson space crews in long term missions; (6) career determinants in NASA; (7) investigational methodology and equipment; and (8) psychological support.

The human factor: behavioral and neural correlates of humanized perception in moral decision making.

Science.gov (United States)

Majdandžić, Jasminka; Bauer, Herbert; Windischberger, Christian; Moser, Ewald; Engl, Elisabeth; Lamm, Claus

2012-01-01

The extent to which people regard others as full-blown individuals with mental states ("humanization") seems crucial for their prosocial motivation towards them. Previous research has shown that decisions about moral dilemmas in which one person can be sacrificed to save multiple others do not consistently follow utilitarian principles. We hypothesized that this behavior can be explained by the potential victim's perceived humanness and an ensuing increase in vicarious emotions and emotional conflict during decision making. Using fMRI, we assessed neural activity underlying moral decisions that affected fictitious persons that had or had not been experimentally humanized. In implicit priming trials, participants either engaged in mentalizing about these persons (Humanized condition) or not (Neutral condition). In subsequent moral dilemmas, participants had to decide about sacrificing these persons' lives in order to save the lives of numerous others. Humanized persons were sacrificed less often, and the activation pattern during decisions about them indicated increased negative affect, emotional conflict, vicarious emotions, and behavioral control (pgACC/mOFC, anterior insula/IFG, aMCC and precuneus/PCC). Besides, we found enhanced effective connectivity between aMCC and anterior insula, which suggests increased emotion regulation during decisions affecting humanized victims. These findings highlight the importance of others' perceived humanness for prosocial behavior - with aversive affect and other-related concern when imagining harming more "human-like" persons acting against purely utilitarian decisions.

The human factor: behavioral and neural correlates of humanized perception in moral decision making.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jasminka Majdandžić

Full Text Available The extent to which people regard others as full-blown individuals with mental states ("humanization" seems crucial for their prosocial motivation towards them. Previous research has shown that decisions about moral dilemmas in which one person can be sacrificed to save multiple others do not consistently follow utilitarian principles. We hypothesized that this behavior can be explained by the potential victim's perceived humanness and an ensuing increase in vicarious emotions and emotional conflict during decision making. Using fMRI, we assessed neural activity underlying moral decisions that affected fictitious persons that had or had not been experimentally humanized. In implicit priming trials, participants either engaged in mentalizing about these persons (Humanized condition or not (Neutral condition. In subsequent moral dilemmas, participants had to decide about sacrificing these persons' lives in order to save the lives of numerous others. Humanized persons were sacrificed less often, and the activation pattern during decisions about them indicated increased negative affect, emotional conflict, vicarious emotions, and behavioral control (pgACC/mOFC, anterior insula/IFG, aMCC and precuneus/PCC. Besides, we found enhanced effective connectivity between aMCC and anterior insula, which suggests increased emotion regulation during decisions affecting humanized victims. These findings highlight the importance of others' perceived humanness for prosocial behavior - with aversive affect and other-related concern when imagining harming more "human-like" persons acting against purely utilitarian decisions.

A Culture-Behavior-Brain Loop Model of Human Development.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Shihui; Ma, Yina

2015-11-01

Increasing evidence suggests that cultural influences on brain activity are associated with multiple cognitive and affective processes. These findings prompt an integrative framework to account for dynamic interactions between culture, behavior, and the brain. We put forward a culture-behavior-brain (CBB) loop model of human development that proposes that culture shapes the brain by contextualizing behavior, and the brain fits and modifies culture via behavioral influences. Genes provide a fundamental basis for, and interact with, the CBB loop at both individual and population levels. The CBB loop model advances our understanding of the dynamic relationships between culture, behavior, and the brain, which are crucial for human phylogeny and ontogeny. Future brain changes due to cultural influences are discussed based on the CBB loop model. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

THE PREREQUISITES OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN HUMAN ONTOGENY

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Irina M. Sozinova

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Understanding the development of moral attitudes toward unrelated individuals from different social groups may provide insights into the role of biological and cultural factors in prosocial behavior. Children (3–11 years old, N=80 were presented with moral dilemmas describing a conflict of interests between a con-specific (human and another species (animals or aliens. Participants were asked to evaluate the behavior of a human in terms of ‘good’ and ‘bad’, and to choose whom they would help: a human aggressor who benefits at the expense of a victim in vital need, or the victim. Results showed that the older children preferred to help non-human victims significantly more often than the younger children. The evaluation of human actions was related to the proportion of such preferences. These findings are discussed from the perspectives of kin selection theory, group selection theory and the system-evolutionary approach. The implications of the study for moral education are suggested.

Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barban, Nicola; Jansen, Rick; de Vlaming, Ronald

2016-01-01

The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior-age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB)-has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified, and the under......The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior-age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB)-has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified...

Timing of Multimodal Robot Behaviors during Human-Robot Collaboration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Lars Christian; Fischer, Kerstin; Suvei, Stefan-Daniel

2017-01-01

In this paper, we address issues of timing between robot behaviors in multimodal human-robot interaction. In particular, we study what effects sequential order and simultaneity of robot arm and body movement and verbal behavior have on the fluency of interactions. In a study with the Care-O-bot, ...... output plays a special role because participants carry their expectations from human verbal interaction into the interactions with robots....

Human Behavioral Pharmacology, Past, Present, and Future: Symposium Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Behavioral Pharmacology Society

Science.gov (United States)

Comer, Sandra D.; Bickel, Warren K.; Yi, Richard; de Wit, Harriet; Higgins, Stephen T.; Wenger, Galen R.; Johanson, Chris-Ellyn; Kreek, Mary Jeanne

2010-01-01

A symposium held at the 50th annual meeting of the Behavioral Pharmacology Society in May 2007 reviewed progress in the human behavioral pharmacology of drug abuse. Studies on drug self-administration in humans are reviewed that assessed reinforcing and subjective effects of drugs of abuse. The close parallels observed between studies in humans and laboratory animals using similar behavioral techniques have broadened our understanding of the complex nature of the pharmacological and behavioral factors controlling drug self-administration. The symposium also addressed the role that individual differences, such as gender, personality, and genotype play in determining the extent of self-administration of illicit drugs in human populations. Knowledge of how these factors influence human drug self-administration has helped validate similar differences observed in laboratory animals. In recognition that drug self-administration is but one of many choices available in the lives of humans, the symposium addressed the ways in which choice behavior can be studied in humans. These choice studies in human drug abusers have opened up new and exciting avenues of research in laboratory animals. Finally, the symposium reviewed behavioral pharmacology studies conducted in drug abuse treatment settings and the therapeutic benefits that have emerged from these studies. PMID:20664330

Epidemiologia de problemas comportamentais em cães no Brasil: inquérito entre médicos veterinários de pequenos animais Epidemiology of dogs behavioral problems in Brazil: a survey between small animals veterinary practitioners

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilherme Marques Soares

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Problemas de comportamento afetam diretamente a qualidade de vida dos animais e das pessoas que com eles convivem. Em alguns países, os problemas de comportamento são as principais causas de abandono e eutanásia de animais de companhia. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência dos problemas de comportamento dos cães na rotina clínica dos médicos veterinários brasileiros por meio do envio de questionários às faculdades de Medicina Veterinária do Brasil, para serem respondidos pelos profissionais responsáveis pelo atendimento clínico a cães e gatos. No total de 101 questionários respondidos, 91,1% dos participantes afirmaram ser consultados sobre problemas de comportamento e 82,2% afirmaram que a maior frequência das queixas comportamentais foi relacionada à espécie canina. Os respondentes, em sua maioria (56,7%, relataram que tentaram resolver sozinhos alguns casos ou encaminharam o caso para um veterinário especializado. Dentre os respondentes, 89,1% afirmaram não realizar eutanásia em razão de problemas de comportamento. O problema de comportamento citado como o mais frequente foi a destrutividade e, em seguida, as agressões. O tratamento mais recomendado, tanto para agressões quanto para eliminações inapropriadas de urina, foi a terapia comportamental.Behavior issues directly affect animal and human welfare. In some countries, behavior problems are the main reasons for abandonment and euthanasia of companion animals. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of behavior problems among dogs seem by Brazilian veterinarians, by sending questionnaires to be responded by veterinarians at university referral animal hospitals in Brazil. Among 101 responses, 91.1% of participants affirmed to be consulted about behavior issues, and 82.2% said that they mostly concern dogs. Most veterinarians (56.7% try to solve some behavior cases by themselves and refer others to a specialized colleague. Most affirmed to

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN TERMS OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ewa Mazanowska

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Behaviourists believe human capital is seen as the potential in people. They believe that the human resource in the organization are intangible assets embodied in the employees, not the people themselves. Behavioral economics emphasizes that people aren’t owned by the company, only their abilities and skills made available to the employer on the basis of certain legal relations which holds it to manage these assets in a rational way. Recognition of behavioral economics also highlights the aspects of development and human capital perspective, which appear in the may resource Staff in the future. These may be limited to: raise, awareness of capacity, internal aspirations, motives. Human capital management is nothing but a recognition of the relevant characteristics of the potential held within the company Staff and correct its use. As a consequence, it can bring tangible benefits to the organization.

Science and Human Behavior, dualism, and conceptual modification.

Science.gov (United States)

Zuriff, G E

2003-11-01

Skinner's Science and Human Behavior is in part an attempt to solve psychology's problem with mind-body dualism by revising our everyday mentalistic conceptual scheme. In the case of descriptive mentalism (the use of mentalistic terms to describe behavior), Skinner offers behavioral "translations." In contrast, Skinner rejects explanatory mentalism (the use of mental concepts to explain behavior) and suggests how to replace it with a behaviorist explanatory framework. For experiential mentalism, Skinner presents a theory of verbal behavior that integrates the use of mentalistic language in first-person reports of phenomenal experience into a scientific framework.

You Look Human, But Act Like a Machine: Agent Appearance and Behavior Modulate Different Aspects of Human-Robot Interaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Abubshait, Abdulaziz; Wiese, Eva

2017-01-01

Gaze following occurs automatically in social interactions, but the degree to which gaze is followed depends on whether an agent is perceived to have a mind, making its behavior socially more relevant for the interaction. Mind perception also modulates the attitudes we have toward others, and determines the degree of empathy, prosociality, and morality invested in social interactions. Seeing mind in others is not exclusive to human agents, but mind can also be ascribed to non-human agents like robots, as long as their appearance and/or behavior allows them to be perceived as intentional beings. Previous studies have shown that human appearance and reliable behavior induce mind perception to robot agents, and positively affect attitudes and performance in human-robot interaction. What has not been investigated so far is whether different triggers of mind perception have an independent or interactive effect on attitudes and performance in human-robot interaction. We examine this question by manipulating agent appearance (human vs. robot) and behavior (reliable vs. random) within the same paradigm and examine how congruent (human/reliable vs. robot/random) versus incongruent (human/random vs. robot/reliable) combinations of these triggers affect performance (i.e., gaze following) and attitudes (i.e., agent ratings) in human-robot interaction. The results show that both appearance and behavior affect human-robot interaction but that the two triggers seem to operate in isolation, with appearance more strongly impacting attitudes, and behavior more strongly affecting performance. The implications of these findings for human-robot interaction are discussed.

Modeling human behaviors and reactions under dangerous environment.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, J; Wright, D K; Qin, S F; Zhao, Y

2005-01-01

This paper describes the framework of a real-time simulation system to model human behavior and reactions in dangerous environments. The system utilizes the latest 3D computer animation techniques, combined with artificial intelligence, robotics and psychology, to model human behavior, reactions and decision making under expected/unexpected dangers in real-time in virtual environments. The development of the system includes: classification on the conscious/subconscious behaviors and reactions of different people; capturing different motion postures by the Eagle Digital System; establishing 3D character animation models; establishing 3D models for the scene; planning the scenario and the contents; and programming within Virtools Dev. Programming within Virtools Dev is subdivided into modeling dangerous events, modeling character's perceptions, modeling character's decision making, modeling character's movements, modeling character's interaction with environment and setting up the virtual cameras. The real-time simulation of human reactions in hazardous environments is invaluable in military defense, fire escape, rescue operation planning, traffic safety studies, and safety planning in chemical factories, the design of buildings, airplanes, ships and trains. Currently, human motion modeling can be realized through established technology, whereas to integrate perception and intelligence into virtual human's motion is still a huge undertaking. The challenges here are the synchronization of motion and intelligence, the accurate modeling of human's vision, smell, touch and hearing, the diversity and effects of emotion and personality in decision making. There are three types of software platforms which could be employed to realize the motion and intelligence within one system, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

The Human Factor: Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Humanized Perception in Moral Decision Making

Science.gov (United States)

Majdandžić, Jasminka; Bauer, Herbert; Windischberger, Christian; Moser, Ewald; Engl, Elisabeth; Lamm, Claus

2012-01-01

The extent to which people regard others as full-blown individuals with mental states (“humanization”) seems crucial for their prosocial motivation towards them. Previous research has shown that decisions about moral dilemmas in which one person can be sacrificed to save multiple others do not consistently follow utilitarian principles. We hypothesized that this behavior can be explained by the potential victim’s perceived humanness and an ensuing increase in vicarious emotions and emotional conflict during decision making. Using fMRI, we assessed neural activity underlying moral decisions that affected fictitious persons that had or had not been experimentally humanized. In implicit priming trials, participants either engaged in mentalizing about these persons (Humanized condition) or not (Neutral condition). In subsequent moral dilemmas, participants had to decide about sacrificing these persons’ lives in order to save the lives of numerous others. Humanized persons were sacrificed less often, and the activation pattern during decisions about them indicated increased negative affect, emotional conflict, vicarious emotions, and behavioral control (pgACC/mOFC, anterior insula/IFG, aMCC and precuneus/PCC). Besides, we found enhanced effective connectivity between aMCC and anterior insula, which suggests increased emotion regulation during decisions affecting humanized victims. These findings highlight the importance of others’ perceived humanness for prosocial behavior - with aversive affect and other-related concern when imagining harming more “human-like” persons acting against purely utilitarian decisions. PMID:23082194

Novelty, Stress, and Biological Roots in Human Market Behavior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexey Sarapultsev

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Although studies examining the biological roots of human behavior have been conducted since the seminal work Kahneman and Tversky, crises and panics have not disappeared. The frequent occurrence of various types of crises has led some economists to the conviction that financial markets occasionally praise irrational judgments and that market crashes cannot be avoided a priori (Sornette 2009; Smith 2004. From a biological point of view, human behaviors are essentially the same during crises accompanied by stock market crashes and during bubble growth when share prices exceed historic highs. During those periods, most market participants see something new for themselves, and this inevitably induces a stress response in them with accompanying changes in their endocrine profiles and motivations. The result is quantitative and qualitative changes in behavior (Zhukov 2007. An underestimation of the role of novelty as a stressor is the primary shortcoming of current approaches for market research. When developing a mathematical market model, it is necessary to account for the biologically determined diphasisms of human behavior in everyday low-stress conditions and in response to stressors. This is the only type of approach that will enable forecasts of market dynamics and investor behaviors under normal conditions as well as during bubbles and panics.

Integrating Humanism and Behaviorism: Toward Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Darrell

1974-01-01

The current emphasis on performance criteria in training programs and in professional services poses a threat to the humanistically oriented helper. This article suggests a behavioral humanism as the desired solution to the dilemma and proposes some guidelines for formulating and implementing such a synthetic system. (Author)

Talking with a Virtual Human : Controlling the Human Experience and Behavior in a Virtual Conversation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Qu, C.

2014-01-01

Virtual humans are often designed to replace real humans in virtual reality applications for e.g., psychotherapy, education and entertainment. In general, applications with virtual humans are created for modifying a person's knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, emotions or behaviors. Reaching these

Trastornos de alimentación y control personal de la conducta Eating disorders and personal behavioral control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoraide Lugli-Rivero

2001-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Explorar el control personal de la conducta en sus tres aspectos: control objetivo, control subjetivo y creencias de control en mujeres con trastornos alimentarios, en riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios y normales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Es un estudio transversal que se llevó a cabo en Caracas, Venezuela, en 1997. Se trabajó con una muestra de 87 mujeres, 21 con trastornos alimentarios subclínicos, 33 en riesgo y 33 normales. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Test de actitudes hacia la alimentación, Entrevista diagnóstica internacional compuesta, Inventario de autocontrol, Inventario de autoeficacia percibida para el autocontrol de la conducta e Inventario de locus de control. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de varianza y para las comparaciones post hoc se utilizó la prueba Student-Neuman-Keuls. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que las personas con trastornos alimentarios presentan dificultad en la emisión de conductas de autocontrol, menor sentimiento de eficacia personal para autorregular la conducta y mayor creencia en el control de otros poderosos sobre sus actos y consecuencias. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados encontrados constituyen una primera aproximación para entender el papel que juega la variable psicológica "control personal de la conducta" como factor protector o de riesgo en el desarrollo de la anorexia o bulimia nerviosa. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlOBJECTIVE: To explore the three components of personal behavioral control: Objective control, subjective control and control beliefs among normal women, women at risk of anorexia or bulimia and women with sub-clinical eating disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1997, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Caracas, Venezuela. The study population consisted of 87 women: 21 with sub-clinical eating disorders, 33 at risk of having an eating disorder, and 33 normal women

Where to look? Automating attending behaviors of virtual human characters

Science.gov (United States)

Chopra Khullar, S.; Badler, N. I.

2001-01-01

This research proposes a computational framework for generating visual attending behavior in an embodied simulated human agent. Such behaviors directly control eye and head motions, and guide other actions such as locomotion and reach. The implementation of these concepts, referred to as the AVA, draws on empirical and qualitative observations known from psychology, human factors and computer vision. Deliberate behaviors, the analogs of scanpaths in visual psychology, compete with involuntary attention capture and lapses into idling or free viewing. Insights provided by implementing this framework are: a defined set of parameters that impact the observable effects of attention, a defined vocabulary of looking behaviors for certain motor and cognitive activity, a defined hierarchy of three levels of eye behavior (endogenous, exogenous and idling) and a proposed method of how these types interact.

Human behavior recognition using a context-free grammar

Science.gov (United States)

Rosani, Andrea; Conci, Nicola; De Natale, Francesco G. B.

2014-05-01

Automatic recognition of human activities and behaviors is still a challenging problem for many reasons, including limited accuracy of the data acquired by sensing devices, high variability of human behaviors, and gap between visual appearance and scene semantics. Symbolic approaches can significantly simplify the analysis and turn raw data into chains of meaningful patterns. This allows getting rid of most of the clutter produced by low-level processing operations, embedding significant contextual information into the data, as well as using simple syntactic approaches to perform the matching between incoming sequences and models. We propose a symbolic approach to learn and detect complex activities through the sequences of atomic actions. Compared to previous methods based on context-free grammars, we introduce several important novelties, such as the capability to learn actions based on both positive and negative samples, the possibility of efficiently retraining the system in the presence of misclassified or unrecognized events, and the use of a parsing procedure that allows correct detection of the activities also when they are concatenated and/or nested one with each other. An experimental validation on three datasets with different characteristics demonstrates the robustness of the approach in classifying complex human behaviors.

Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Strom, Margot Stern; Parsons, William S.

This unit for junior and senior high school students presents techniques and materials for studying about the holocaust of World War II. Emphasis in the guide is on human behavior and the role of the individual within society. Among the guide's 18 objectives are for students to examine society's influence on individual behavior, place Hitler's…

Cognitive Factors Affecting Freeze-like Behavior in Humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Alban, Michael W; Pocknell, Victoria

2017-01-01

Contemporary research on survival-related defensive behaviors has identified physiological markers of freeze/flight/fight. Our research focused on cognitive factors associated with freeze-like behavior in humans. Study 1 tested if an explicit decision to freeze is associated with the psychophysiological state of freezing. Heart rate deceleration occurred when participants chose to freeze. Study 2 varied the efficacy of freezing relative to other defense options and found "freeze" was responsive to variations in the perceived effectiveness of alternative actions. Study 3 tested if individual differences in motivational orientation affect preference for a "freeze" option when the efficacy of options is held constant. A trend in the predicted direction suggested that naturally occurring cognitions led loss-avoiders to select "freeze" more often than reward-seekers. In combination, our attention to the cognitive factors affecting freeze-like behavior in humans represents a preliminary step in addressing an important but neglected research area.

The Study on Human-Computer Interaction Design Based on the Users’ Subconscious Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Lingyuan

2017-09-01

Human-computer interaction is human-centered. An excellent interaction design should focus on the study of user experience, which greatly comes from the consistence between design and human behavioral habit. However, users’ behavioral habits often result from subconsciousness. Therefore, it is smart to utilize users’ subconscious behavior to achieve design's intention and maximize the value of products’ functions, which gradually becomes a new trend in this field.

Behavioral responses associated with a human-mediated predator shelter.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graeme Shannon

Full Text Available Human activities in protected areas can affect wildlife populations in a similar manner to predation risk, causing increases in movement and vigilance, shifts in habitat use and changes in group size. Nevertheless, recent evidence indicates that in certain situations ungulate species may actually utilize areas associated with higher levels of human presence as a potential refuge from disturbance-sensitive predators. We now use four-years of behavioral activity budget data collected from pronghorn (Antilocapra americana and elk (Cervus elephus in Grand Teton National Park, USA to test whether predictable patterns of human presence can provide a shelter from predatory risk. Daily behavioral scans were conducted along two parallel sections of road that differed in traffic volume--with the main Teton Park Road experiencing vehicle use that was approximately thirty-fold greater than the River Road. At the busier Teton Park Road, both species of ungulate engaged in higher levels of feeding (27% increase in the proportion of pronghorn feeding and 21% increase for elk, lower levels of alert behavior (18% decrease for pronghorn and 9% decrease for elk and formed smaller groups. These responses are commonly associated with reduced predatory threat. Pronghorn also exhibited a 30% increase in the proportion of individuals moving at the River Road as would be expected under greater exposure to predation risk. Our findings concur with the 'predator shelter hypothesis', suggesting that ungulates in GTNP use human presence as a potential refuge from predation risk, adjusting their behavior accordingly. Human activity has the potential to alter predator-prey interactions and drive trophic-mediated effects that could ultimately impact ecosystem function and biodiversity.

Effectiveness of human factors simulator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moragas, F.

2015-01-01

En 2011, ANAV started the exploitation of the Human Factors Simulator installed in TECNATOM Training Center located in L'Hospital de L'Infant Tarragona. AVAN's Strategic Plan includes the Action Plan for the improvement of human behavior. The plan includes improving the efficiency of the efficiency of the human factors simulator. It is proposed to improve the efficiency into two different terms: winning effectiveness in modeling behaviors, and interweaving the activities in the simulator with the actual strategy of promoting Safety culture and human behaviour. (Author)

[The evolution of human cultural behavior: notes on Darwinism and complexity].

Science.gov (United States)

Peric, Mikael; Murrieta, Rui Sérgio Sereni

2015-12-01

The article analyzes three schools that can be understood as central in studies of the evolution of human behavior within the paradigm of evolution by natural selection: human behavioral ecology (HBE), evolutionary psychology, and dual inheritance. These three streams of thought are used to depict the Darwinist landscape and pinpoint its strong suits and limitations. Theoretical gaps were identified that seem to reduce these schools' ability to account for the diversity of human evolutionary behavior. Their weak points include issues related to the concept of reproductive success, types of adaptation, and targets of selection. An interdisciplinary approach is proposed as the solution to this dilemma, where complex adaptive systems would serve as a source.

Human Behavior and Environmental Sustainability: promoting a pro-environmental behavior by harnessing the social, psychological and physical influences of the built environment

Science.gov (United States)

Abusafieh, Shaden; Razem, Maiss

2017-11-01

Recently, technological advancements in the sustainable design field have allowed us to reduce the ecological impact of the built environment, to reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, to create healthy environments and in some cases may even rehabilitate the ecosystem. Nevertheless, several studies have been carried out showing that sustainable technology does not automatically lead to environmentally friendly behaviors in its users. Various environmental problems threaten environmental sustainability and many of these problems are rooted in human behavior. Unfortunately, there is a lack in studies which take into consideration the human behavior influences within a sustainable built environment. We believe that the built environment should be used to support human goals and requirements, but at the same time we should consider it as a context in which human values and behaviors are cultivated. This research aimed to help in promoting environmental sustainability by using architectural design in changing relevant human behavior toward an environmentally friendly behavior. In order to achieve this, the research adopted Environment-centered Approach to gain more acute perspective into the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior, focusing on social, psychological and physical influences of the built environment. It appears that environmental psychology's merits have high potential in changing behavior within the built environment. The research provides a systematic approach for selecting, assessing, evaluating the behaviors to be changed and the factors that determine them. Furthermore, this approach helps in choosing the best interventions that could be applied in built environment to encourage such a sustainable behavior. This study tried to construct an agenda for further researches to find particular architectural design elements and strategies that we can harness to develop a pro-environment human behavior.

Concept Analysis: Health-Promoting Behaviors Related to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection.

Science.gov (United States)

McCutcheon, Tonna; Schaar, Gina; Parker, Karen L

2015-01-01

The concept of health-promoting behaviors incorporates ideas presented in the Ottawa Charter of Public Health and the nursing-based Health Promotion Model. Despite the fact that the concept of health-promoting behaviors has a nursing influence, literature suggests nursing has inadequately developed and used this concept within nursing practice. A further review of literature regarding health promotion behaviors and the human papilloma virus suggest a distinct gap in nursing literature. This article presents a concept analysis of health-promoting behaviors related to the human papilloma virus in order to encourage the application of the concept into nursing practice, promote continued nursing research regarding this concept, and further expand the application of health-promoting behaviors to other situations and populations within the nursing discipline. Attributes of health-promoting behaviors are presented and include empowerment, participation, community, and a positive concept of health. Antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are also presented, as are model, borderline, and contrary cases to help clarify the concept. Recommendations for human papilloma virus health-promoting behaviors within the nursing practice are also provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Rhythm Patterns Interaction - Synchronization Behavior for Human-Robot Joint Action

Science.gov (United States)

Mörtl, Alexander; Lorenz, Tamara; Hirche, Sandra

2014-01-01

Interactive behavior among humans is governed by the dynamics of movement synchronization in a variety of repetitive tasks. This requires the interaction partners to perform for example rhythmic limb swinging or even goal-directed arm movements. Inspired by that essential feature of human interaction, we present a novel concept and design methodology to synthesize goal-directed synchronization behavior for robotic agents in repetitive joint action tasks. The agents’ tasks are described by closed movement trajectories and interpreted as limit cycles, for which instantaneous phase variables are derived based on oscillator theory. Events segmenting the trajectories into multiple primitives are introduced as anchoring points for enhanced synchronization modes. Utilizing both continuous phases and discrete events in a unifying view, we design a continuous dynamical process synchronizing the derived modes. Inverse to the derivation of phases, we also address the generation of goal-directed movements from the behavioral dynamics. The developed concept is implemented to an anthropomorphic robot. For evaluation of the concept an experiment is designed and conducted in which the robot performs a prototypical pick-and-place task jointly with human partners. The effectiveness of the designed behavior is successfully evidenced by objective measures of phase and event synchronization. Feedback gathered from the participants of our exploratory study suggests a subjectively pleasant sense of interaction created by the interactive behavior. The results highlight potential applications of the synchronization concept both in motor coordination among robotic agents and in enhanced social interaction between humanoid agents and humans. PMID:24752212

Las dimensiones de personalidad como predictores de los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional As dimensões de personalidade como preditores dos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional Personality dimensions as predictors of organizational citizenship behavior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Omar

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O comportamento de cidadania organizacional (CCO se refere às condutas benéficas para a organização que não são contratualmente estipuladas, nem formalmente recompensadas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi explorar o conjunto de dimensões de personalidade como preditores dos CCO de ajuda e de voz. A amostra foi constituída por 335 empregados argentinos, que preencheram uma folha de dados sociodemográficos, o questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck e as escalas de CCO de ajuda e de voz desenvolvidas por Van Dyne e seus colaboradores. Análises de regressão stepwise indicaram que a tendência a extroversão constitui o melhor preditor dos CCO de voz, enquanto que os CCO de ajuda foram melhor explicados pela estabilidade emocional. Os resultados proporcionaram apoio parcial às relações hipotetizadas entre psicoticismo e CCO de voz, uma vez que as tendências não-psicóticas se revelaram bons preditores dos CCO de voz somente entre as mulheres. Os resultados dão base para elaboração de uma agenda para futuras investigações na área.Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB involves discretionary behavior, not required or formally rewarded, that has positive consequences for the organization. The main goal of this study was to examine the role of personality dimensions as predictors of employee's engagement in help and voice OCB. Sample was integrated by 335 Argentinean employees, which were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including demographic items, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Help and Voice OCB scales developed by Van Dyne and his colleagues. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that extraversion was the best predictor of the voice behavior, and emotional stability was the best predictor when help behavior was the criterion. Results partially supported the hypothetical relationship between psicoticism and voice behavior, since non psychotic tendencies only emerged as predictors of voice among females

Behavior genetic modeling of human fertility

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rodgers, J L; Kohler, H P; Kyvik, K O

2001-01-01

Behavior genetic designs and analysis can be used to address issues of central importance to demography. We use this methodology to document genetic influence on human fertility. Our data come from Danish twin pairs born from 1953 to 1959, measured on age at first attempt to get pregnant (First......Try) and number of children (NumCh). Behavior genetic models were fitted using structural equation modeling and DF analysis. A consistent medium-level additive genetic influence was found for NumCh, equal across genders; a stronger genetic influence was identified for FirstTry, greater for females than for males....... A bivariate analysis indicated significant shared genetic variance between NumCh and FirstTry....

Indicadores de bem-estar baseados em reações comportamentais de matrizes pesadas Welfare pointers in function of behavior reactions of broiler breeders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danilo F. Pereira

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Dada a importância da avicultura de corte para a economia brasileira, este trabalho buscou compreender e identificar novos indicadores de bem-estar inerentes ao animal que contribuíssem para o aumento da eficácia produtiva, estudando-se diferentes reações comportamentais de matrizes de frango de corte, em câmara climática. O experimento foi delineado como um Quadrado Latino 3x3x3, em que as variáveis temperatura do ar, ração e idade das aves foram controladas, sendo as aves de diferentes idades alojadas em boxes distintos. Foram feitas observações do comportamento das aves em dois horários do dia, sendo uma observação na parte da manhã e outra na parte da tarde, durante períodos de 15 minutos cada, por meio de câmeras de vídeo instaladas no teto da câmara climática, não havendo interferência humana no registro das informações. Constatou-se, nos dados, a influência das variáveis controladas em diversos comportamentos observados, concluindo-se que a presença do alimento é um fator experimental relevante, pois aumenta as reações comportamentais agressivas.Knowing the importance that the poultry industry represents for the Brazilian economy, this work, searched to understand and to identify new welfare pointers inherent to the animal that contributed for the increase of the productive effectiveness, studying different behavior reactions in broiler breeders, in climatic chamber. The experiment was delineated as a Latin Square 3x3x3, where the variable: temperature of air, birds ration and birds age had been controlled. The birds of different ages had been lodged in distinct boxes. Observations of the behavior of the birds in two schedules of the day had been made, being one in the morning and the other one in the afternoon, during a period of 15 minutes each through video cameras, installed in the ceiling of the climatic chamber, having no interference of human being in the register of the data. It was verified the

Risky behavior, personality traits and road accidents among university students Comportamiento de riesgo, rasgos de personalidad y accidentes de carretera en estudiantes universitarios.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aristides I. Ferreira

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The personality traits that mediate risky driving and accidents among university students drivers were investigated. Study 1 (N=132 tested for the relation between risky behaviors and personality (16PF-5 second order dimensions. Three factors were extracted concerning risky driving: driving errors of commission, distraction, and driving errors of omission. Individuals with low self-control and high levels of anxiety were more prone to commit distractive behavior and driving errors of omission. Low self-control and high independence levels were associated with driving errors of commission. In study 2 (N=540, we tested if the number of road accidents for which an individual has been responsible was related to risky driving behavior. Drivers who committed more accidents presented higher scores in three new risky driving factors obtained: reckless driving, impaired concentration and division of attention.

Key words: Risky driving, personality, accidents, behavior.
En este estudio se investigaron los rasgos de personalidad relacionados con la conducción de riesgo y los accidentes en estudiantes universitarios. El primer estudio (N=132 evaluó la relación entre los comportamientos de riesgo y la personalidad (16PF-5 dimensiones de segundo orden. Tres factores fueron extraídos en relación con la conducción de riesgo: cometer errores de conducción, distracción, errores de omisión en la conducción. Los individuos con bajo autocontrol y altos niveles de ansiedad eran más propensos a tener comportamientos distractores y cometer errores de omisión en la conducción. Mientras que sujetos con bajo autocontrol y altos niveles de independencia se asociaron con el factor cometer errores de conducción. En el segundo estudio (N=540 evaluamos si el número de accidentes de tráfico, de los que una persona ha sido responsable, está relacionado con el comportamiento de riesgo en la conducción. Los resultados muestran que los conductores

Reconceptualizing Social Work Behaviors from a Human Rights Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Steen, Julie A.

2018-01-01

Although the human rights philosophy has relevance for many segments of the social work curriculum, the latest version of accreditation standards only includes a few behaviors specific to human rights. This deficit can be remedied by incorporating innovations found in the social work literature, which provides a wealth of material for…

Folk-Psychological Interpretation of Human vs. Humanoid Robot Behavior: Exploring the Intentional Stance toward Robots.

Science.gov (United States)

Thellman, Sam; Silvervarg, Annika; Ziemke, Tom

2017-01-01

People rely on shared folk-psychological theories when judging behavior. These theories guide people's social interactions and therefore need to be taken into consideration in the design of robots and other autonomous systems expected to interact socially with people. It is, however, not yet clear to what degree the mechanisms that underlie people's judgments of robot behavior overlap or differ from the case of human or animal behavior. To explore this issue, participants ( N = 90) were exposed to images and verbal descriptions of eight different behaviors exhibited either by a person or a humanoid robot. Participants were asked to rate the intentionality, controllability and desirability of the behaviors, and to judge the plausibility of seven different types of explanations derived from a recently proposed psychological model of lay causal explanation of human behavior. Results indicate: substantially similar judgments of human and robot behavior, both in terms of (1a) ascriptions of intentionality/controllability/desirability and in terms of (1b) plausibility judgments of behavior explanations; (2a) high level of agreement in judgments of robot behavior - (2b) slightly lower but still largely similar to agreement over human behaviors; (3) systematic differences in judgments concerning the plausibility of goals and dispositions as explanations of human vs. humanoid behavior. Taken together, these results suggest that people's intentional stance toward the robot was in this case very similar to their stance toward the human.

The Humanism of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Other Cognitive Behavior Therapies.

Science.gov (United States)

Ellis, Albert

1996-01-01

Describes aspects of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). REBT shows how people can both create and uncreate many of their emotional disturbances. It is a theory of personality which avoids devotion to any kind of magic and supernaturalism and emphasizes unconditional self-acceptance, antiabsolutism, uncertainty, and human fallibility. (RJM)

A Human-Centered Smart Home System with Wearable-Sensor Behavior Analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ji, Jianting; Liu, Ting; Shen, Chao; Wu, Hongyu; Liu, Wenyi; Su, Man; Chen, Siyun; Jia, Zhanpei

2016-11-17

Smart home has recently attracted much research interest owing to its potential in improving the quality of human life. How to obtain user's demand is the most important and challenging task for appliance optimal scheduling in smart home, since it is highly related to user's unpredictable behavior. In this paper, a human-centered smart home system is proposed to identify user behavior, predict their demand and schedule the household appliances. Firstly, the sensor data from user's wearable devices are monitored to profile user's full-day behavior. Then, the appliance-demand matrix is constructed to predict user's demand on home environment, which is extracted from the history of appliance load data and user behavior. Two simulations are designed to demonstrate user behavior identification, appliance-demand matrix construction and strategy of appliance optimal scheduling generation.

Viscoelastic behavior of discrete human collagen fibrils

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svensson, René; Hassenkam, Tue; Hansen, Philip

2010-01-01

Whole tendon and fibril bundles display viscoelastic behavior, but to the best of our knowledge this property has not been directly measured in single human tendon fibrils. In the present work an atomic force microscopy (AFM) approach was used for tensile testing of two human patellar tendon...... saline, cyclic testing was performed in the pre-yield region at different strain rates, and the elastic response was determined by a stepwise stress relaxation test. The elastic stress-strain response corresponded to a second-order polynomial fit, while the viscous response showed a linear dependence...

First Steps in the Development of the "Inventario de Comportamiento de Estudio": The Spanish Version of the "Study Behavior Inventory."

Science.gov (United States)

Bliss, Leonard B.; And Others

The Inventario de Comportamiento de Estudio (ICE), a Spanish translation of the Study Behavior Inventory (SBI) was developed and tested using a group of 594 undergraduate students from randomly selected classes at a private comprehensive university in Mexico. Both instruments were designed to assess the study behaviors of students in institutions…

Edwin Grant Dexter: an early researcher in human behavioral biometeorology

Science.gov (United States)

Stewart, Alan E.

2015-06-01

Edwin Grant Dexter (1868-1938) was one of the first researchers to study empirically the effects of specific weather conditions on human behavior. Dexter (1904) published his findings in a book, Weather influences. The author's purposes in this article were to (1) describe briefly Dexter's professional life and examine the historical contexts and motivations that led Dexter to conduct some of the first empirical behavioral biometeorological studies of the time, (2) describe the methods Dexter used to examine weather-behavior relationships and briefly characterize the results that he reported in Weather influences, and (3) provide a historical analysis of Dexter's work and assess its significance for human behavioral biometeorology. Dexter's Weather influences, while demonstrating an exemplary approach to weather, health, and behavior relationships, came at the end of a long era of such studies, as health, social, and meteorological sciences were turning to different paradigms to advance their fields. For these reasons, Dexter's approach and contributions may not have been fully recognized at the time and are, consequently, worthy of consideration by contemporary biometeorologists.

Comportamento de fungos e de sementes de feijoeiro durante o teste de envelhecimento artificial Behavior of fungi and of bean seeds during the artificial aging test

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MONALISA ALVES DINIZ DA SILVA

2000-03-01

Full Text Available O teste de envelhecimento artificial, recomendado para avaliar o vigor de lotes de sementes, apresenta variabilidade em seus resultados; a ação dos fungos é considerada uma das causas dessa variabilidade. Este trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos de diferentes períodos de envelhecimento artificial, no comportamento fisiológico de sementes do feijoeiro e dos fungos Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum e Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, inoculados artificialmente. Foram conduzidos testes de sanidade, germinação, tetrazólio, emergência, condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio. As respostas obtidas, dependentes da duração do período de envelhecimento, indicaram efeitos da espécie fúngica presente. Concluiu-se que o teste de envelhecimento artificial associa a expressão de causas fisiológicas e sanitárias, o que prejudica a interpretação dos dados obtidos; a presença de fungos, principalmente de Aspergillus spp., pode ser considerada como capaz de interferir de modo negativo no desempenho das sementes envelhecidas artificialmente.Although recommended for evaluation of seed lot vigor, artificial aging test shows results variability for reasons yet to be elucidated. Seed-fungi association is considered one of the causes responsible for such variation. The goal of this work was to verify the effects of periods of artificial aging on bean seed behavior and on Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum fungi artificially inoculated by contact method. Health, germination, tetrazolium, emergence, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching tests were performed for seed behavior evaluation. The answers achieved, besides dependable on the aging time period, indicated the effect of fungi species associated to the seed. The artificial aging test was found to be associated with the expression of physiological and sanitary causes that interfere with data

Behavior of exposed human lymphocytes to a neutron beam of the Reactor TRIGA Mark III

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbajal R, M. I.; Arceo M, C.; Aguilar H, F.; Guerrero C, C.

2012-10-01

The living beings are permanently exposed to radiations of natural origin: cosmic and geologic, as well as the artificial radiations that come from sources elaborated by the man. The artificial sources have an important use in the medical area. Particularly has been increased the neutrons use due to the effectiveness that they have to damage the cells with regard to other radiation types. The biological indicator of exposition to ionizing radiation more reliable is the chromosomal aberrations study, specifically the dicentrics in human lymphocytes. This test allows, establishing the exposition dose in function of the damage quantity. The dicentrics have a behavior in function of the dose. The calibration curve that describes this behavior is specific for each type of ionizing radiation. In the year 2006 beginning was given to the expositions of human lymphocytes to a neutron beam generated in the reactor TRIGA Mark III of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) in Mexico. Up to 2008 the response dose curve comprised an interval of exposition time of up to 30 minutes. Moreover, the interval between 10 an 20 minutes is included, since was observed that this last is indispensable for the adjustment waited in a lineal model. (Author)

Human behavioral corollary on industrial workplace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fazil, I.; Kirmani, Z.U.; Hanif, M.; Saeed, A.; Khurshid, A.

2009-01-01

This paper highlights a number of initiatives taken for the introduction of behavior-based safety concepts and customized process control solutions to encourage and instill safe behavior in employees at Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), Morgah Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A Safety culture is entirely dependent on the attitude of employees towards safety. After all, those who actually perform the work are responsible for their safety as well as that of those around them, and also for any accident that occurs whilst they work. In 2005, ARL established a Health Safety Environment (HSE) Department reporting directly to the CEO and it now stands transformed into the HSEQ Department with Quality having been added to its portfolio, with the logic that it is the Quality of our systems and processes that also determines the possibility or otherwise of safe/unsafe behavior. The need was felt to measure, analyze and then control unsafe behavior at the workplace. In spite of providing safety systems and necessary hardware, incident data shows that the majority of misfortunes are triggered by employees' unsafe attitude, proclivity to take shortcuts and intuitive-based decisions, bypassing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Human behavior is a very complex subject as it is linked not only to the workplace environment but has origins from home and upbringing as well. An attempt was, nevertheless, necessary to develop a tool of customized behavioral assessment tool in order to gauge the employees' behavior. On a scale of 1-100, marks were allocated to areas including safety attitude within the department(s), working conditions, supervisor's behavior towards worker safety, job loyalty, personal attitude towards job safety, seriousness towards safety, training and the employees' view about the HSEQ department. This study, based on one-on-one interviews with employees, yielded what we will term employees' potential towards unsafe behaviors, which would facilitate subsequent planning and

Human Behavioral Contributions to Climate Change: Psychological and Contextual Drivers

Science.gov (United States)

Swim, Janet K.; Clayton, Susan; Howard, George S.

2011-01-01

We are facing rapid changes in the global climate, and these changes are attributable to human behavior. Humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase in population seen in the past 50 to 100 years. Our goal in this article is to examine the underlying psychosocial causes of human impact,…

De novo origin of human protein-coding genes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dong-Dong Wu

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The de novo origin of a new protein-coding gene from non-coding DNA is considered to be a very rare occurrence in genomes. Here we identify 60 new protein-coding genes that originated de novo on the human lineage since divergence from the chimpanzee. The functionality of these genes is supported by both transcriptional and proteomic evidence. RNA-seq data indicate that these genes have their highest expression levels in the cerebral cortex and testes, which might suggest that these genes contribute to phenotypic traits that are unique to humans, such as improved cognitive ability. Our results are inconsistent with the traditional view that the de novo origin of new genes is very rare, thus there should be greater appreciation of the importance of the de novo origination of genes.

De Novo Origin of Human Protein-Coding Genes

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Dong-Dong; Irwin, David M.; Zhang, Ya-Ping

2011-01-01

The de novo origin of a new protein-coding gene from non-coding DNA is considered to be a very rare occurrence in genomes. Here we identify 60 new protein-coding genes that originated de novo on the human lineage since divergence from the chimpanzee. The functionality of these genes is supported by both transcriptional and proteomic evidence. RNA–seq data indicate that these genes have their highest expression levels in the cerebral cortex and testes, which might suggest that these genes contribute to phenotypic traits that are unique to humans, such as improved cognitive ability. Our results are inconsistent with the traditional view that the de novo origin of new genes is very rare, thus there should be greater appreciation of the importance of the de novo origination of genes. PMID:22102831

Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barban, Nicola; Jansen, Rick; de Vlaming, Ronald; Vaez, Ahmad; Mandemakers, Jornt J; Tropf, Felix C; Shen, Xia; Wilson, James F; Chasman, Daniel I; Nolte, Ilja M; Tragante, Vinicius; van der Laan, Sander W; Perry, John R B; Kong, Augustine; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S; Albrecht, Eva; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura; Atzmon, Gil; Auro, Kirsi; Ayers, Kristin; Bakshi, Andrew; Ben-Avraham, Danny; Berger, Klaus; Bergman, Aviv; Bertram, Lars; Bielak, Lawrence F; Bjornsdottir, Gyda; Bonder, Marc Jan; Broer, Linda; Bui, Minh; Barbieri, Caterina; Cavadino, Alana; Chavarro, Jorge E; Turman, Constance; Concas, Maria Pina; Cordell, Heather J; Davies, Gail; Eibich, Peter; Eriksson, Nicholas; Esko, Tõnu; Eriksson, Joel; Falahi, Fahimeh; Felix, Janine F; Fontana, Mark Alan; Franke, Lude; Gandin, Ilaria; Gaskins, Audrey J; Gieger, Christian; Gunderson, Erica P; Guo, Xiuqing; Hayward, Caroline; He, Chunyan; Hofer, Edith; Huang, Hongyan; Joshi, Peter K; Kanoni, Stavroula; Karlsson, Robert; Kiechl, Stefan; Kifley, Annette; Kluttig, Alexander; Kraft, Peter; Lagou, Vasiliki; Lecoeur, Cecile; Lahti, Jari; Li-Gao, Ruifang; Lind, Penelope A; Liu, Tian; Makalic, Enes; Mamasoula, Crysovalanto; Matteson, Lindsay; Mbarek, Hamdi; McArdle, Patrick F; McMahon, George; Meddens, S Fleur W; Mihailov, Evelin; Miller, Mike; Missmer, Stacey A; Monnereau, Claire; van der Most, Peter J; Myhre, Ronny; Nalls, Mike A; Nutile, Teresa; Kalafati, Ioanna Panagiota; Porcu, Eleonora; Prokopenko, Inga; Rajan, Kumar B; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Rietveld, Cornelius A; Robino, Antonietta; Rose, Lynda M; Rueedi, Rico; Ryan, Kathleen A; Saba, Yasaman; Schmidt, Daniel; Smith, Jennifer A; Stolk, Lisette; Streeten, Elizabeth; Tönjes, Anke; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Ulivi, Sheila; Wedenoja, Juho; Wellmann, Juergen; Willeit, Peter; Yao, Jie; Yengo, Loic; Zhao, Jing Hua; Zhao, Wei; Zhernakova, Daria V; Amin, Najaf; Andrews, Howard; Balkau, Beverley; Barzilai, Nir; Bergmann, Sven; Biino, Ginevra; Bisgaard, Hans; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Boomsma, Dorret I; Buring, Julie E; Campbell, Harry; Cappellani, Stefania; Ciullo, Marina; Cox, Simon R; Cucca, Francesco; Toniolo, Daniela; Davey-Smith, George; Deary, Ian J; Dedoussis, George; Deloukas, Panos; van Duijn, Cornelia M; de Geus, Eco J C; Eriksson, Johan G; Evans, Denis A; Faul, Jessica D; Sala, Cinzia Felicita; Froguel, Philippe; Gasparini, Paolo; Girotto, Giorgia; Grabe, Hans-Jörgen; Greiser, Karin Halina; Groenen, Patrick J F; de Haan, Hugoline G; Haerting, Johannes; Harris, Tamara B; Heath, Andrew C; Heikkilä, Kauko; Hofman, Albert; Homuth, Georg; Holliday, Elizabeth G; Hopper, John; Hyppönen, Elina; Jacobsson, Bo; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Johannesson, Magnus; Jugessur, Astanand; Kähönen, Mika; Kajantie, Eero; Kardia, Sharon L R; Keavney, Bernard; Kolcic, Ivana; Koponen, Päivikki; Kovacs, Peter; Kronenberg, Florian; Kutalik, Zoltan; La Bianca, Martina; Lachance, Genevieve; Iacono, William G; Lai, Sandra; Lehtimäki, Terho; Liewald, David C; Lindgren, Cecilia M; Liu, Yongmei; Luben, Robert; Lucht, Michael; Luoto, Riitta; Magnus, Per; Magnusson, Patrik K E; Martin, Nicholas G; McGue, Matt; McQuillan, Ruth; Medland, Sarah E; Meisinger, Christa; Mellström, Dan; Metspalu, Andres; Traglia, Michela; Milani, Lili; Mitchell, Paul; Montgomery, Grant W; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis; de Mutsert, Renée; Nohr, Ellen A; Ohlsson, Claes; Olsen, Jørn; Ong, Ken K; Paternoster, Lavinia; Pattie, Alison; Penninx, Brenda W J H; Perola, Markus; Peyser, Patricia A; Pirastu, Mario; Polasek, Ozren; Power, Chris; Kaprio, Jaakko; Raffel, Leslie J; Räikkönen, Katri; Raitakari, Olli; Ridker, Paul M; Ring, Susan M; Roll, Kathryn; Rudan, Igor; Ruggiero, Daniela; Rujescu, Dan; Salomaa, Veikko; Schlessinger, David; Schmidt, Helena; Schmidt, Reinhold; Schupf, Nicole; Smit, Johannes; Sorice, Rossella; Spector, Tim D; Starr, John M; Stöckl, Doris; Strauch, Konstantin; Stumvoll, Michael; Swertz, Morris A; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Thurik, A Roy; Timpson, Nicholas J; Tung, Joyce Y; Uitterlinden, André G; Vaccargiu, Simona; Viikari, Jorma; Vitart, Veronique; Völzke, Henry; Vollenweider, Peter; Vuckovic, Dragana; Waage, Johannes; Wagner, Gert G; Wang, Jie Jin; Wareham, Nicholas J; Weir, David R; Willemsen, Gonneke; Willeit, Johann; Wright, Alan F; Zondervan, Krina T; Stefansson, Kari; Krueger, Robert F; Lee, James J; Benjamin, Daniel J; Cesarini, David; Koellinger, Philipp D; den Hoed, Marcel; Snieder, Harold; Mills, Melinda C

2016-01-01

The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB) has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified, and the

Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barban, Nicola; Jansen, Rick; De Vlaming, Ronald; Vaez, Ahmad; Mandemakers, Jornt J.; Tropf, Felix C.; Shen, Xia; Wilson, James F.; Chasman, Daniel I.; Nolte, Ilja M.; Tragante, Vinicius; Van Der Laan, Sander W.; Perry, John R B; Kong, Augustine; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.; Albrecht, Eva; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura; Atzmon, Gil; Auro, Kirsi; Ayers, Kristin; Bakshi, Andrew; Ben-Avraham, Danny; Berger, Klaus; Bergman, Aviv; Bertram, Lars; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Bjornsdottir, Gyda; Bonder, Marc Jan; Broer, Linda; Bui, Minh; Barbieri, Caterina; Cavadino, Alana; Chavarro, Jorge E.; Turman, Constance; Concas, Maria Pina; Cordell, Heather J.; Davies, Gail; Eibich, Peter; Eriksson, Nicholas; Esko, Tõnu; Eriksson, Joel; Falahi, Fahimeh; Felix, Janine F.; Fontana, Mark Alan; Franke, Lude; Gandin, Ilaria; Gaskins, Audrey J.; Gieger, Christian; Gunderson, Erica P.; Guo, Xiuqing; Hayward, Caroline; He, Chunyan; Hofer, Edith; Huang, Hongyan; Joshi, Peter K.; Kanoni, Stavroula; Karlsson, Robert; Kiechl, Stefan; Kifley, Annette; Kluttig, Alexander; Kraft, Peter; Lagou, Vasiliki; Lecoeur, Cecile; Lahti, Jari; Li-Gao, Ruifang; Lind, Penelope A.; Liu, Tian; Makalic, Enes; Mamasoula, Crysovalanto; Matteson, Lindsay; Mbarek, Hamdi; McArdle, Patrick F.; McMahon, George; Meddens, S. Fleur W; Mihailov, Evelin; Miller, Mike; Missmer, Stacey A.; Monnereau, Claire; Van Der Most, Peter J.; Myhre, Ronny; Nalls, Mike A.; Nutile, Teresa; Kalafati, Ioanna Panagiota; Porcu, Eleonora; Prokopenko, Inga; Rajan, Kumar B.; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Robino, Antonietta; Rose, Lynda M.; Rueedi, Rico; Ryan, Kathleen A.; Saba, Yasaman; Schmidt, Daniel; Smith, Jennifer A.; Stolk, Lisette; Streeten, Elizabeth; Tönjes, Anke; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Ulivi, Sheila; Wedenoja, Juho; Wellmann, Juergen; Willeit, Peter; Yao, Jie; Yengo, Loic; Zhao, Jing Hua; Zhao, Wei; Zhernakova, Daria V.; Amin, Najaf; Andrews, Howard; Balkau, Beverley; Barzilai, Nir; Bergmann, Sven; Biino, Ginevra; Bisgaard, Hans; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Buring, Julie E.; Campbell, Harry; Cappellani, Stefania; Ciullo, Marina; Cox, Simon R.; Cucca, Francesco; Toniolo, Daniela; Davey-Smith, George; Deary, Ian J.; Dedoussis, George; Deloukas, Panos; Van Duijn, Cornelia M.; De Geus, Eco J C; Eriksson, Johan G.; Evans, Denis A.; Faul, Jessica D.; Sala, Cinzia Felicita; Froguel, Philippe; Gasparini, Paolo; Girotto, Giorgia; Grabe, Hans Jörgen; Greiser, Karin Halina; Groenen, Patrick J F; De Haan, Hugoline G.; Haerting, Johannes; Harris, Tamara B.; Heath, Andrew C.; Heikkilä, Kauko; Hofman, Albert; Homuth, Georg; Holliday, Elizabeth G.; Hopper, John; Hyppönen, Elina; Jacobsson, Bo; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Johannesson, Magnus; Jugessur, Astanand; Kähönen, Mika; Kajantie, Eero; Kardia, Sharon L R; Keavney, Bernard; Kolcic, Ivana; Koponen, Päivikki; Kovacs, Peter; Kronenberg, Florian; Kutalik, Zoltan; La Bianca, Martina; Lachance, Genevieve; Iacono, William G.; Lai, Sandra; Lehtimäki, Terho; Liewald, David C.; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Liu, Yongmei; Luben, Robert; Lucht, Michael; Luoto, Riitta; Magnus, Per; Magnusson, Patrikke; Martin, Nicholas G.; McGue, Matt; McQuillan, Ruth; Medland, Sarah E.; Meisinger, Christa; Mellström, Dan; Metspalu, Andres; Traglia, Michela; Milani, Lili; Mitchell, Paul; Montgomery, Grant W.; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis; De Mutsert, Renée; Nohr, Ellen A.; Ohlsson, Claes; Olsen, Jørn; Ong, Ken K.; Paternoster, Lavinia; Pattie, Alison; Penninx, Brenda W J H; Perola, Markus; Peyser, Patricia A.; Pirastu, Mario; Polasek, Ozren; Power, Chris; Kaprio, Jaakko; Raffel, Leslie J.; Räikkönen, Katri; Raitakari, Olli; Ridker, Paul M.; Ring, Susan M.; Roll, Kathryn; Rudan, Igor; Ruggiero, Daniela; Rujescu, Dan; Salomaa, Veikko; Schlessinger, David; Schmidt, Helena; Schmidt, Reinhold; Schupf, Nicole; Smit, Johannes; Sorice, Rossella; Spector, Tim D.; Starr, John M.; Stöckl, Doris; Strauch, Konstantin; Stumvoll, Michael; Swertz, Morris A.; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Roy Thurik, A.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Tung, Joyce Y.; Uitterlinden, André G.; Vaccargiu, Simona; Viikari, Jorma; Vitart, Veronique; Völzke, Henry; Vollenweider, Peter; Vuckovic, Dragana; Waage, Johannes; Wagner, Gert G.; Wang, Jie Jin; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Weir, David R.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Willeit, Johann; Wright, Alan F.; Zondervan, Krina T.; Stefansson, Kari; Krueger, Robert F.; Lee, James J.; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Cesarini, David; Koellinger, Philipp D.; Den Hoed, Marcel; Snieder, Harold; Mills, Melinda C.

2016-01-01

The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior - age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB) - has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified, and the

Análise de comportamentos do odontólogo no contexto de atendimento infantil The dentist's behavior analysis in the context of children treatment

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Gustavo S. Rolim

2004-12-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa comportamental em odontologia tem permitido reconhecer padrões de interação do cirurgião-dentista com seu cliente, assim como, propor formas de intervenção sistemática que contribuam para a facilitação do atendimento clínico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar funcionalmente os comportamentos do cirurgião-dentista em uma seqüência de sessões de atendimento odontológico de uma criança. Todas as sessões foram registradas em vídeo e os episódios de interação comportamental profissional-cliente descritos na íntegra. Os comportamentos foram classificados em categorias conforme sua funcionalidade. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento odontológico envolve um controle bidirecional entre seus participantes ativos. O dentista utiliza-se da instrução e distração, enquanto estratégias de manejo de comportamentos colaborativos, assim como, de contenção física e punição verbal para o controle de eventos não-colaborativos. Os resultados permitiram supor que o que leva o dentista a atuar de modo particular, parece ser o padrão comportamental da criança, assim como sua história de aprendizagem ao contexto de tratamento.Behavioral research in Dentistry has created possibilities of knowing different patterns of interaction between dentist and patient as well as procedures to improve dental care. The aim of the present study was to analyze the behavior of two dentists and a five-year old child, during clinical dental treatment. Dental treatment events were recorded and then described based on a functional analysis framework. Behaviors were classified into categories and analyzed in terms of actions-antecedent and consequential events. Results showed that dental treatment involves a bi-directional control of patient and dentists' behavior. Instruction and distraction were the main management procedures of cooperative behavior. Physical restraint and verbal punishment were often used to control uncooperative

The multifactorial nature of human homosexual behavior: A brief review

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Barona, Daniel

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Homosexual behavior has been analyzed as an evolutionary paradox in the biological context. In this review, we will try to compile the main genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, neurological and immune explanations of homosexuality, as well as the ultimate evolutionary causes of this complex behavior in the human being, incorporating information from studies in other animal species. All these factors determine the homosexual behavior, acting most of the times, simultaneously. Hereditary and non hereditary factors determine homosexual behavior, explaining its persistence despite its apparent disadvantages in relation to reproductive fitness.

Deformation behavior of human enamel and dentin-enamel junction under compression.

Science.gov (United States)

Zaytsev, Dmitry; Panfilov, Peter

2014-01-01

Deformation behavior under uniaxial compression of human enamel and dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) is considered in comparison with human dentin. This deformation scheme allows estimating the total response from all levels of the hierarchical composite material in contrast with the indentation, which are limited by the mesoscopic and microscopic scales. It was shown for the first time that dental enamel is the strength (up to 1850MPa) hard tissue, which is able to consider some elastic (up to 8%) and plastic (up to 5%) deformation under compression. In so doing, it is almost undeformable substance under the creep condition. Mechanical properties of human enamel depend on the geometry of sample. Human dentin exhibits the similar deformation behavior under compression, but the values of its elasticity (up to 40%) and plasticity (up to 18%) are much more, while its strength (up to 800MPa) is less in two times. Despite the difference in mechanical properties, human enamel is able to suppress the cracking alike dentin. Deformation behavior under the compression of the samples contained DEJ as the same to dentin. This feature allows a tooth to be elastic-plastic (as dentin) and wear resistible (as enamel), simultaneously. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation technology of human behavior cognition; Ningen kodo ninchi hyoka gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

For human engineering and improvement of the living environment, the evaluation technology of human behavior cognition was studied. For the future reformation and creation of economic structure, the following are required: establishment of safe and affluent communities, further improvement of the safety and harmonious balance of people, lives and society, and R & D close to people and social needs. Introduction of Product Liability law and a fail-safe concept are examples of such efforts. However, since many accidents are found in the human society, the relation between human errors and human characteristics should be studied in detail. The cognitive science of human behavior is an objective evaluation technology from the viewpoint of human being, object, environment and society. Based on these social and technological background, the feasibility of the evaluation technology is studied, and the future trend and skeleton of this project are clarified. The domestic and foreign trends of technologies concerned are thus surveyed, and the important points, features, skeleton and ripple effect of the technology are summarized. 500 refs., 70 figs., 5 tabs.

De Novo Human Cardiac Myocytes for Medical Research: Promises and Challenges

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Veronique Hamel

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The advent of cellular reprogramming technology has revolutionized biomedical research. De novo human cardiac myocytes can now be obtained from direct reprogramming of somatic cells (such as fibroblasts, from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs, which are reprogrammed from somatic cells, and from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs. Such de novo human cardiac myocytes hold great promise for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening and in vivo cell therapy of heart disease. Here, we review the technique advancements for generating de novo human cardiac myocytes. We also discuss several challenges for the use of such cells in research and regenerative medicine, such as the immature phenotype and heterogeneity of de novo cardiac myocytes obtained with existing protocols. We focus on the recent advancements in addressing such challenges.

Data Mining and Visualization of Large Human Behavior Data Sets

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cuttone, Andrea

and credit card transactions – have provided us new sources for studying our behavior. In particular smartphones have emerged as new tools for collecting data about human activity, thanks to their sensing capabilities and their ubiquity. This thesis investigates the question of what we can learn about human...... behavior from this rich and pervasive mobile sensing data. In the first part, we describe a large-scale data collection deployment collecting high-resolution data for over 800 students at the Technical University of Denmark using smartphones, including location, social proximity, calls and SMS. We provide...... an overview of the technical infrastructure, the experimental design, and the privacy measures. The second part investigates the usage of this mobile sensing data for understanding personal behavior. We describe two large-scale user studies on the deployment of self-tracking apps, in order to understand...

Analytical model to describe the thermal behavior of a heat discharge system in roofs; Modelo analitico que describe el comportamiento termico de un sistema de descarga de calor en techos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez-Gomez, V.H.; Contreras-Espinosa, J.J.; Gonzalez-Ortiz, G.; Morillon-Galvez, D.; Fernandez-Zayas, J.L. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: vichugo@servidor.unam.mx; jjuancon2000@yahoo.com.mx; gilberto_gonzalez25@hotmail.com; damg@pumas.iingen.unam.mx; JFernandezZ@iingen.unam.mx

2012-01-15

The present study proposes an analytical model which describes the thermal behavior of a heat discharge system in roof, when the surfaces that constitute it are not translucent. Such a model derives from a thermal balance carried out to a heat discharge system in roofs. To validate it, an experimental prototype that allows simulating the thermal behavior of a heat discharge system in wall and roof was used, and the results were compared to those obtained with the proposed analytical model. It was found that the thermal behavior of the analytical model is similar to the thermal behavior of the experimental prototype; a worthless variation was detected among their respective outcome (The difference of temperatures can be caused by the heat transfer coefficient, of which no studies defining its behavior accurately have been found). Therefore, it can be considered that the proposed analytical model can be employed to simulate the thermal behavior of a heat discharge system in roofs when the surfaces that constitute it are opaque. [Spanish] En el presente estudio se propone un modelo analitico que describe el comportamiento termico de un sistema de descarga de calor en techo, cuando las superficies que lo componen no son translucidos. Dicho modelo surge a partir de un balance termico realizado a un sistema de descarga de calor en techos. Para validarlo, se realizaron dos corridas experimentales en un prototipo que permite simular el comportamiento termico de un sistema de descarga de calor en techo y se compararon los resultados medidos con los calculados por el modelo analitico propuesto. Se encontro que, el comportamiento termico del modelo analitico es similar al comportamiento termico del prototipo experimental, se detecto una variacion despreciable entre los valores arrojados por ambos modelos (la diferencia de temperaturas puede estar ocasionada por la obtencion del coeficiente convectivo de transferencia de calor, del cual no se han encontrado estudios que

Behavioral Correlations Associated with Fear of Humans Differ between Rural and Urban Burrowing Owls

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Martina Carrete

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Behavioral studies are fundamental to understanding how animal populations face global change. Although much research has centered upon the idea that individuals can adaptively modify their behaviors to cope with environmental changes, recent evidence supports the existence of individual differences in suites of correlated behaviors. However, little is known about how selection can change these behavioral structures in populations subject to different environmental constraints. The colonization of urban environments by birds has been related to their inter-individual variability in their fear of humans, measured as their flight initiation distance to an approaching human, such that urban life would select for fearless individuals. This behavior has been demonstrated to be heritable and highly consistent throughout the adult lifespan of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia. Here, we experimentally assessed, in field conditions, whether urban life involves changes in other behaviors such as exploration and antipredatory response through their correlation with fear of humans. Breeding urban birds were more fearless toward humans and were quicker to explore a new food resource and defend their nests from predators than their rural counterparts. However, while fear of humans positively correlated with exploration and antipredatory response in the rural population, it only correlated with exploration in the urban one. Predator release in urban environments could relax—and even counterselect—antipredator behaviors, thus dismantling the behavioral correlation existent in natural populations. Altogether, our results suggest that rural and urban animals may differ in some behavioral aspects, may be as a consequence of the selection processes acting during the colonization of urban areas as well as the different ecological environments encountered by individuals.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais educativas para pais de crianças com problemas de comportamento Training parent social skills for families of children with behavior problems

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Maria Isabel Santos Pinheiro

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo descreve um programa de Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais para pais de crianças com problemas de comportamento. O programa, com duração de 11 semanas, apresentou, por meio de passos semanais seqüenciados, princípios da análise do comportamento para a prática disciplinar não-coerciva e modelos de habilidades sociais educativas para pais, com tarefas semanais de observar o comportamento do filho, estabelecer condições de aprendizagem e desempenho de comportamentos desejáveis (empatia, seguimento de instruções, independência etc., expressão afetiva entre outros. Participaram do programa 32 mães e dois pais, com avaliações pré e pós-intervenção por meio de questionários de auto-relato e entrevistas. Os resultados mostraram redução significativa na freqüência e severidade de comportamentos importunos e/ou indisciplinados, conforme avaliação dos pais. Concluiu-se que o enfoque de habilidades sociais educativas para pais pode contribuir positivamente para o desenvolvimento de práticas disciplinares não-coercivas junto a essa clientela.This paper describes a Parental Social Skills Program aimed to reduce children behavior problems. The program, lasting 11 weeks, was implemented by means of weekly sequential steps starting with behavior analysis principles for parents to practice a non-coercitive discipline and to learn, models of parental social skills. Parents received weekly home assignments to observe the children's behavior, to establish favorable learning conditions for children to behave in desirable ways (empathy, compliance, independence etc. and to adequately express emotions. Thirty-two mothers and two fathers participated in the program. Self-report questionnaires and open interviews in the pre-and post-intervention phases were used to assess the program's efficacy. Results showed significant reduction in the frequency and severity of disruptive and/or noncompliant behavior, as assessed by the

Teoría del comportamiento planificado e intención de infringir normas de transito en peatones Theory of planned behavior and pedestrians' intention to violate transit rules

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Emilio Moyano Díaz

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Desde la teoría del comportamiento planificado, se explora el comportamiento infractor de normas de tránsito en peatones y se prueba una escala de autoreporte acerca de cuán frecuentemente éstos infringen normas de tránsito, cometen errores y tienen lapsus al usar las vías. Participaran 146 habitantes de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile seleccionados intencionalmente, constituyendo un grupo balanceado a por sexo, b con y sin licencia para conducir, c por edad (jóvenes de 17 a 25 años y adultos de 26 y más, y d habiendo tenido y no alguna experiencia de accidente de tránsito, quienes completaron voluntaria y anónimamente un "Cuestionario de opinión sobre el comportamiento peatonal" y una "Escala de Comportamiento Peatonal". La actitud hacia la conducta, la norma subjetiva y el control percibido explican alrededor de un 40% de la varianza en la intención de realizar el comportamiento infractor (R Múltiple= .6266; R2=.3927; F=30.609; Sig.F pBased on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the paper analyzes traffic rules violating behavior in pedestrians, testing a self-report scale that deals with frequency of transit norms violations, error committing and having lapses when using the streets. 146 inhabitants of the city of Santiago were intentionally selected, making up a balanced sample in terms of a genre, b having or not driving license, c age (young, 17-25 years, or adult, 26 years or more, and d with experience of transit accident or not, who voluntarily and anonymously completed a "Questionnaire of opinion about pedestrian behavior" and a "Scale of Pedestrian Behavior". The attitude towards behavior, the subjective norm and the perceived control explain about 40% of the variance of intention to transgress. Pedestrian behavior is also significantly different for young vs. adults for the three variables of the model, demonstrating that the first are more prone to violating behavior, perceive the subjective norm as less inhibiting of

Acceptability and reliability of an adolescent risk behavior questionnaire administered with audio and computer support Aceptabilidad y fiabilidad de un cuestionario sobre el comportamiento de riesgo de los adolescentes aplicado con el apoyo de audio y computadora

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Juan Pablo Gutiérrez

2009-05-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To test acceptability and reliability of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI system administered at the household level to gather data on risk behaviors among adolescents in Mexico. METHODS: Answers to sensitive behavior-related questions obtained using ACASI systems were compared with answers to the same questions obtained through face-to-face interviews (FFIs. Focus groups were conducted to explore ACASI acceptability among adolescents and its feasibility in obtaining better self-reported data on sensitive behaviors. RESULTS: ACASI was adolescents' preferred method for reporting risk behaviors, particularly sexual behavior, and did not pose greater challenges to respondents versus FFIs. Also, more risk behaviors were reported through ACASI versus FFIs. CONCLUSION: The use of ACASI systems in disadvantaged households to obtain data on adolescent risk behavior is not only feasible but may also improve data quality in the case of complex questionnaires, compared with FFIs, and should therefore be considered as an alternative survey method.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la aceptabilidad y fiabilidad de un sistema de autoentrevista asistido por audio y computadora (ACASI aplicado en los hogares para recopilar información sobre el comportamiento de riesgo de los adolescentes en México. MÉTODOS: Se compararon las respuestas obtenidas mediante el sistema ACASI y entrevistas cara a cara (FFI sobre aspectos sensibles del comportamiento. Se analizó en grupos focales la aceptabilidad de ACASI para los adolescentes y la factibilidad de obtener mejor información en los autoinformes sobre aspectos sensibles de su conducta. RESULTADOS: Los adolescentes prefirieron el sistema ACASI para informar sobre conductas de riesgo, en particular las relacionadas con el sexo, y no constituyó un mayor reto para los entrevistados en comparación con las FFI. Se informaron más comportamientos de riesgo mediante ACASI que en las FFI. CONCLUSIONES: El empleo

Effect of a mentoring through reflection program on the verbal behavior of beginner volleyball coaches: a case study. Efecto de un programa de supervisión reflexiva sobre la conducta verbal de entrenadores principiantes de voleibol: un estudio de casos.

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Moreno Domínguez, Alberto

2007-07-01

Full Text Available AbstractThe purpose of this study was to modify the verbal behavior of volleyball coaches during competition. Three beginner volleyball coaches were included in a formative program that included supervisory feedback plus systematic analysis of the coaches´ verbal feedback, as well as the coaches´ own observations and self-corrections of their behavior during the competitive season. The outcome variable of interest was the verbal behavior of the coach during timeouts during games, with consideration given for two specific dimensions of behavior: the type of information provided to the team and the team to which the coach made reference. The results revealed a change in the verbal behavior of the coaches, which was principally demonstrated in an increase in amount of tactical information and information provided about the opponent.ResumenEl propósito de este estudio fue modificar la conducta verbal del entrenador de voleibol durante la competición. Tres entrenadores de voleibol fueron sometidos a un programa formativo (feedback de supervisión con análisis sistemático de la conducta verbal del entrenador, y visionado de la actuación durante una temporada de competición. La variable dependiente de la investigación fue la conducta verbal del entrenador durante los tiempos muertos, considerándose dos dimensiones en la misma: tipo de información, equipo al que hace referencia la información. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una modificación en la conducta verbal de los entrenadores, manifestada fundamentalmente en el incremento de información táctica y sobre el equipo contrario.

Comportamentos de risco ao HIV em utilizadores de heroína em um distrito português: estudo qualitativo HIV risk behaviors in heroin users in a Portuguese district: a qualitative study

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Vanessa Fabiane Machado Gomes Marsden

2009-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Explorar relatos de utilizadores de heroína sobre seus comportamentos de risco para transmissão do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV no distrito de Vila Real, Portugal, já que a heroína é a droga predominante no que se refere ao uso problemático de drogas em Portugal, e 48% de todas as notificações de infecção por HIV no país são associadas à dependência de drogas. MÉTODO: Utilizadores de heroína recebendo tratamento ambulatorial para dependência em clínica pública foram selecionados aleatoriamente e convidados a participar do estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista qualitativa semiestruturada, desenvolvida para explorar os relatos dos participantes sobre seu comportamento de risco associado ao uso de heroína. RESULTADOS: Vinte e cinco entrevistas foram realizadas. A idade média foi de 32 anos, e 92% eram homens. Os participantes relataram um tempo médio de uso de heroína de 14,7 anos, e 64% deles mencionaram uso diário da droga. Dois terços relataram uso de heroína e 16% referiram uso intravenoso da droga nos 30 dias anteriores à entrevista. 75% referiram compartilhamento de seringas ou parafernália de injeção. Front-loading ou back-loading foram técnicas comuns e não reconhecidas como comportamento de risco. 84% referiram ter sido testados anteriormente para o HIV. CONCLUSÕES: O desenvolvimento de melhores programas de prevenção ao HIV para este grupo de risco é essencial através do uso de informações sobre movimentos demográficos e padrões de comportamento de utilizadores de heroína, abordando seus comportamentos de risco nas práticas sexuais e no compartilhamento de parafernália de injeção.OBJECTIVE: To explore heroin users' accounts of risk behavior in relation to the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV in the district of Vila Real, northern Portugal, since heroin is the predominant drug in problematic drug use in Portugal and 48% of the total

Accommodating complexity and human behaviors in decision analysis.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Backus, George A.; Siirola, John Daniel; Schoenwald, David Alan; Strip, David R.; Hirsch, Gary B.; Bastian, Mark S.; Braithwaite, Karl R.; Homer, Jack [Homer Consulting

2007-11-01

This is the final report for a LDRD effort to address human behavior in decision support systems. One sister LDRD effort reports the extension of this work to include actual human choices and additional simulation analyses. Another provides the background for this effort and the programmatic directions for future work. This specific effort considered the feasibility of five aspects of model development required for analysis viability. To avoid the use of classified information, healthcare decisions and the system embedding them became the illustrative example for assessment.

A humanização do trabalho para os profissionais de enfermagem La humanización del trabajo para los profesionales de enfermería Humanization of the work of nursing professionals

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Simone Coelho Amestoy

2006-12-01

humanización de los sujetos-trabajadores de las instituciones de salud.OBJECTIVE: To describe the perceptions of nursing professionals about humanization of their work process. METHODS: A qualitative research approach was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from seven nursing professionals of a Critical Care Unit of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Pelotas-RS, through semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed, through successive readings and content analysis. Two themes have emerged: Humanization of the work process and gaps of the humanization of the work process. RESULTS: In the hospital, the humanization of the work process continues to place emphasis in the person-customer, yet little attention to the care and humanization of the person-worker. CONCLUSION: Humanization of the work process is widely discussed in literature; however, in practice, it depends on behavioral change and internalization of the need of humanization by the person-worker of health institutions.

Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with human directed social behavior in dogs (Canis familiaris.

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Anna Kis

Full Text Available The oxytocin system has a crucial role in human sociality; several results prove that polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene are related to complex social behaviors in humans. Dogs' parallel evolution with humans and their adaptation to the human environment has made them a useful species to model human social interactions. Previous research indicates that dogs are eligible models for behavioral genetic research, as well. Based on these previous findings, our research investigated associations between human directed social behaviors and two newly described (-212AG, 19131AG and one known (rs8679684 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in the regulatory regions (5' and 3' UTR of the oxytocin receptor gene in German Shepherd (N = 104 and Border Collie (N = 103 dogs. Dogs' behavior traits have been estimated in a newly developed test series consisting of five episodes: Greeting by a stranger, Separation from the owner, Problem solving, Threatening approach, Hiding of the owner. Buccal samples were collected and DNA was isolated using standard protocols. SNPs in the 3' and 5' UTR regions were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction based techniques followed by subsequent electrophoresis analysis. The gene-behavior association analysis suggests that oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms have an impact in both breeds on (i proximity seeking towards an unfamiliar person, as well as their owner, and on (ii how friendly dogs behave towards strangers, although the mediating molecular regulatory mechanisms are yet unknown. Based on these results, we conclude that similarly to humans, the social behavior of dogs towards humans is influenced by the oxytocin system.

Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with human directed social behavior in dogs (Canis familiaris).

Science.gov (United States)

Kis, Anna; Bence, Melinda; Lakatos, Gabriella; Pergel, Enikő; Turcsán, Borbála; Pluijmakers, Jolanda; Vas, Judit; Elek, Zsuzsanna; Brúder, Ildikó; Földi, Levente; Sasvári-Székely, Mária; Miklósi, Adám; Rónai, Zsolt; Kubinyi, Enikő

2014-01-01

The oxytocin system has a crucial role in human sociality; several results prove that polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene are related to complex social behaviors in humans. Dogs' parallel evolution with humans and their adaptation to the human environment has made them a useful species to model human social interactions. Previous research indicates that dogs are eligible models for behavioral genetic research, as well. Based on these previous findings, our research investigated associations between human directed social behaviors and two newly described (-212AG, 19131AG) and one known (rs8679684) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions (5' and 3' UTR) of the oxytocin receptor gene in German Shepherd (N = 104) and Border Collie (N = 103) dogs. Dogs' behavior traits have been estimated in a newly developed test series consisting of five episodes: Greeting by a stranger, Separation from the owner, Problem solving, Threatening approach, Hiding of the owner. Buccal samples were collected and DNA was isolated using standard protocols. SNPs in the 3' and 5' UTR regions were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction based techniques followed by subsequent electrophoresis analysis. The gene-behavior association analysis suggests that oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms have an impact in both breeds on (i) proximity seeking towards an unfamiliar person, as well as their owner, and on (ii) how friendly dogs behave towards strangers, although the mediating molecular regulatory mechanisms are yet unknown. Based on these results, we conclude that similarly to humans, the social behavior of dogs towards humans is influenced by the oxytocin system.

Methodological and reporting quality in laboratory studies of human eating behavior

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Robinson, E.; Bevelander, K.E.; Field, M.; Jones, A.

2018-01-01

The methodological quality and reporting practices of laboratory studies of human eating behavior determine the validity and replicability of nutrition science. The aim of this research was to examine basic methodology and reporting practices in recent representative laboratory studies of human

Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais e comportamentos de pré-escolares Parental Social Educational Skills and behavior of preschoolers

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Vanessa Barbosa Romera Leme

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O estudo teve por objetivos, a partir dos relatos de 20 mães de crianças com problemas de comportamento (Grupo clínico e de 20 mães de crianças sem problemas de comportamento (Grupo não clínico: a comparar as freqüências das habilidades sociais e dos problemas de comportamento das crianças; b descrever as situações em que as crianças apresentavam os comportamentos problema e socialmente habilidosos; c descrever os comportamentos das mães diante dos comportamentos dos filhos; d descrever os comportamentos dos filhos diante dos comportamentos maternos. Pré-escolares foram selecionados por professoras que responderam a uma escala e os dados foram coletados através de entrevista e de escala com as mães. Os resultados indicaram que as crianças do Grupo não clínico apresentaram mais habilidades sociais e menos problemas de comportamento externalizantes que as crianças do Grupo clínico. As mães do Grupo não clínico relataram mais Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais de expressão de sentimentos e enfrentamento, e Comunicação e menos práticas negativas, que as mães do Grupo clínico.The study had for objectives, from the reports of 20 mothers of children with behavior problems (Clinical group and 20 mothers of children without behavior problems (Non-clinical group: a compare the frequencies of social skills and behavior problems of children; b describe the situations where the children had behavior problems and social skills; c describe the behaviors of mothers face behaviors of the children; d describe the behaviors of children ahead of maternal behaviors. Pre-school they were selected age by teachers who responded to a scale and who were collected through interview and scale with the mothers. The results indicated that children of Non-clinical group had more social skills and fewer externalizing behavior problems than children of the Clinical group. The mothers in the Non-clinical group reported more Parental Social

The Human Factor: Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Humanized Perception in Moral Decision Making

OpenAIRE

Majdandžić, Jasminka; Bauer, Herbert; Windischberger, Christian; Moser, Ewald; Engl, Elisabeth; Lamm, Claus

2012-01-01

The extent to which people regard others as full-blown individuals with mental states ("humanization") seems crucial for their prosocial motivation towards them. Previous research has shown that decisions about moral dilemmas in which one person can be sacrificed to save multiple others do not consistently follow utilitarian principles. We hypothesized that this behavior can be explained by the potential victim's perceived humanness and an ensuing increase in vicarious emotions and emotional ...

BUSINESS PROCESS RETRIEVAL BASED ON BEHAVIORAL SEMANTICS RECUPERACIÓN DE PROCESOS DE NEGOCIO BASADA EN SEMÁNTICA DEL COMPORTAMIENTO RECUPERAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS DE NEGÓCIO BASEADA EM SEMÁNTICA DO COMPORTAMENTO

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Cristhian Figueroa

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This paper develops a framework for retrieving business processes considering search requirements based on behavioral semantics properties; it presents a framework called "BeMantics" for retrieving business processes based on structural, linguistics, and behavioral semantics properties. The relevance of the framework is evaluated retrieving business processes from a repository, and collecting a set of relevant business processes manually issued by human judges. The "BeMantics" framework scored high precision values (0.717 but low recall values (0.558, which implies that even when the framework avoided false negatives, it prone to false positives. The highest precision value was scored in the linguistic criterion showing that using semantic inference in the tasks comparison allowed to reduce around 23.6 % the number of false positives. Using semantic inference to compare tasks of business processes can improve the precision; but if the ontologies are from narrow and specific domains, they limit the semantic expressiveness obtained with ontologies from more general domains. Regarding the performance, it can be improved by using a filter phase which indexes business processes taking into account behavioral semantics properties.El presente artículo desarrolla un entorno para la recuperación de procesos de negocio teniendo en cuenta requisitos de búsqueda basados en semántica de comportamiento. Presenta un entorno denominado "BeMantics", el cual permite recuperar procesos de negocio basado en propiedades lingüísticas, estructurales y de semántica del comportamiento. La relevancia de este entorno es evaluada recuperando procesos de negocio de un repositorio y reuniendo un conjunto de procesos de negocio relevantes emitidos manualmente por jueces humanos. El entorno "BeMantics" logró valores altos de precisión (0,717, pero valores bajos de exhaustividad (0,558, lo cual implica que aun cuando "BeMantics" evitó falsos positivos, fue propenso a

Revisión de investigaciones recientes sobre la aplicación de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem al Child Behavior Checklist Revision of recent investigations about the application of Item Response Theory to the Child Behavior Checklist

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Facundo Juan Pablo Abal

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL es un formulario que permite registrar problemas comportamentales y competencias sociales de niños y adolescentes. Si bien se construyó desde el enfoque clásico de la Teoría de los Test, investigaciones recientes mostraron la utilidad de aplicar la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI para modelizar las variables del CBCL. El desarrollo de este trabajo revisa las consideraciones que se vieron obligados a tomar los respectivos autores para cumplir con las exigencias de los modelos de la TRI. Se describe la información que brindan las Curvas Características de los Ítems y cómo su análisis podría contribuir para optimizar el tiempo de administración del CBCL. Asimismo, se sintetizan los resultados alcanzados en relación con el estudio de la invarianza de las medidas obtenidas a través de adaptaciones transculturales de este formulario.The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL is a questionnaire that allows the assessment of behavioral problems and social competences of children and adolescents. Although it was developed on the basis of the classical approach of the Test Theory, recent investigations have revealed the usefulness of applying the Item Response Theory (IRT to model the variables of CBCL. This paper revises the considerations made by the respective authors in order to meet the demands of the IRT models. The information provided by the Characteristic Curves of Items is described as well as the manner in which the analysis thereof might contribute to optimize the administration period of CBCL. Furthermore, the invariance of the measures obtained through transcultural adaptations of this questionnaire is analyzed and the results are summarized.

La mirada de los porteros de fútbol sala ante diferentes tipos de respuesta motriz. [Futsal goalkeepers’ gaze behavior with different type of motor response].

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José Luis Graupera Sanz

2013-07-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se exploró y analizó el comportamiento visual de un grupo de porteros expertos de fútbol sala con el objetivo de comprobar cómo el tipo de respuesta motriz solicitada influía en su comportamiento visual. Participaron 4 porteros a los que se les presentó un total de 48 clips de vídeo en una pantalla a tamaño real, bajo dos condiciones de respuesta: con movimiento de parada y sin movimiento de parada. Se registró su mirada con el pupilómetro ASL Mobile Eye durante dos condiciones de tiro de penalti. Se analizó la mirada en el intervalo de -250 a 205 ms en torno al disparo. Los resultados mostraron que cuando respondían con la acción habitual de parada, solo se encontraron fijaciones en la mitad de los casos, estas fijaciones eran de corta duración y localizadas principalmente en la zona del suelo justo enfrente del balón. Por el contrario, cuando se mantenían en posición estática, su mirada se dirigía hacia la zona entre el balón y la pierna de apoyo, empleando fijaciones de una duración más larga. Se puede concluir que el comportamiento visual fue diferente entre las dos condiciones como resultado de la adaptación a las demandas espacio-temporales específicas de cada condición, ya que el grado de movimiento en la respuesta solicitada tuvo influencia en el comportamiento visual asociado.AbstractThis study explored and analyzed the visual behavior of a group of experts from futsal goalkeepers in order to check on if the type of requested motor response influenced their visual behavior. Four goalkeepers were presented with a total of 48 video clips on a real-size screen, under two response conditions: with and without movement. Gaze was recorded with the ASL Mobile Eye eyetracker, and was analyzed in the range of -250 to 205 ms around the penalty kick. The results showed that when responding with the usual stoping action, fixations were found only in the half of the cases, being of short duration, and

Tratamento cognitivo-comportamental de grupo na fobia social: resultados de 12 semanas Cognitive-behavioral group treatment in social phobia: 12-week outcome

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Gustavo J. Fonseca D'El Rey

2008-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A fobia social é um dos transtornos mentais mais prevalentes na população geral. A terapia cognitivo-comportamental é o modelo não-farmacológico mais estudado nesse transtorno de ansiedade. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade da terapia cognitivo-comportamental de grupo em pacientes com fobia social generalizada. MÉTODOS: Trinta e um pacientes com diagnóstico de fobia social generalizada foram randomicamente distribuídos em dois grupos: um de terapia cognitivo-comportamental de grupo - TCCG (n = 15 e um grupo-controle na Lista de Espera - LE (n = 16. Os pacientes preencheram quatro escalas de avaliação (Inventário de Fobia Social, Escala de Medo de Avaliação Negativa, Inventário de Ansiedade Beck e Escala de Impressão Clínica Global na semana 1 de tratamento e na semana 12. RESULTADOS: Em todas as medidas de avaliações, ao final de 12 semanas, os pacientes que receberam TCCG apresentaram melhoras superiores aos da LE. CONCLUSÕES: Neste ensaio clínico randomizado, simples-cego, a terapia cognitivo-comportamental de grupo foi superior à Lista de Espera no tratamento da fobia social generalizada.BACKGROUND: Social phobia is a widespread mental disorder in the general population. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most thoroughly studied nonpharmacologic approach in this anxiety disorder. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy in patients with generalized social phobia. METHODS: Thirty one patients with diagnosis of generalized social phobia were randomly allocated in two groups. One group of cognitive-behavioral group therapy - CBGT (n = 15 and one Waiting List control group - WL (n = 16. The patients completed four rating scales (Social Phobia Inventory, Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Clinical Global Impression Scale in the weeks 1 and 12. RESULTS: In all rating scales in the week 12 of

Ontology-Based High-Level Context Inference for Human Behavior Identification

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Villalonga, Claudia; Razzaq, Muhammad Asif; Khan, Wajahat Ali; Pomares, Hector; Rojas, Ignacio; Lee, Sungyoung; Banos, Oresti

2016-01-01

Recent years have witnessed a huge progress in the automatic identification of individual primitives of human behavior, such as activities or locations. However, the complex nature of human behavior demands more abstract contextual information for its analysis. This work presents an ontology-based method that combines low-level primitives of behavior, namely activity, locations and emotions, unprecedented to date, to intelligently derive more meaningful high-level context information. The paper contributes with a new open ontology describing both low-level and high-level context information, as well as their relationships. Furthermore, a framework building on the developed ontology and reasoning models is presented and evaluated. The proposed method proves to be robust while identifying high-level contexts even in the event of erroneously-detected low-level contexts. Despite reasonable inference times being obtained for a relevant set of users and instances, additional work is required to scale to long-term scenarios with a large number of users. PMID:27690050

Ontology-Based High-Level Context Inference for Human Behavior Identification

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Claudia Villalonga

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Recent years have witnessed a huge progress in the automatic identification of individual primitives of human behavior, such as activities or locations. However, the complex nature of human behavior demands more abstract contextual information for its analysis. This work presents an ontology-based method that combines low-level primitives of behavior, namely activity, locations and emotions, unprecedented to date, to intelligently derive more meaningful high-level context information. The paper contributes with a new open ontology describing both low-level and high-level context information, as well as their relationships. Furthermore, a framework building on the developed ontology and reasoning models is presented and evaluated. The proposed method proves to be robust while identifying high-level contexts even in the event of erroneously-detected low-level contexts. Despite reasonable inference times being obtained for a relevant set of users and instances, additional work is required to scale to long-term scenarios with a large number of users.

Notas sobre o Behaviorismo de ontem e de hoje Remarks on former and current Behaviorism

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Emmanuel Zagury Tourinho

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo busca oferecer algumas referências históricas sobre as origens e desenvolvimentos da Psicologia behaviorista. O artigo parte das contribuições de Watson, destacando seu afastamento do modo causal selecionista, inaugurado na Psicologia por Thorndike. Em seguida, discute alguns desenvolvimentos do behaviorismo sob a liderança de Skinner, apontando que seus avanços resultam em grande medida do retorno ao selecionismo. O artigo argumenta, por fim, que ao final do século XX a abordagem inaugurada por Skinner estende-se a em muitas direções, configurando a análise do comportamento como um sistema multidimensional. O artigo conclui com a indicação de que uma visão histórica do processo de investigação comportamental oferece um quadro mais preciso do que essa abordagem tem representado enquanto sistema na Psicologia.This paper aims at offering some historical references concerning the origins and development of behaviorist Psychology. It begins with Watson's contributions and highlights his detachment from the causal mode of selection by consequence started in Psychology by Thorndike. Then, the paper discusses some developments of behaviorism under the leadership of Skinner and argues that some achievements have largely resulted from a recovery of selectionism. Finally, it contends that, by the end of the 20th century, the approach started by Skinner extended to new directions, engendering behavior analysis as a multidimensional system. The paper concludes by pointing out that a historical view of the process of behavioral investigation provides a more precise frame of what this approach has represented as a psychological system.

A comparison of antemortem tooth loss in human hunter-gatherers and non-human catarrhines: implications for the identification of behavioral evolution in the human fossil record.

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Gilmore, Cassandra C

2013-06-01

Middle and Late Pleistocene fossil hominin specimens with severe antemortem tooth loss are often regarded as evidence for the precocious evolution of human-like behaviors, such as conspecific care or cooking, in ancient hominin species. The goal of this project was to ask whether the theoretical association between antemortem tooth loss and uniquely human behaviors is supported empirically in a large skeletal sample of human hunter-gatherers, chimpanzees, orangutans, and baboons. Binomial regression modeling in a Bayesian framework allows for the investigation of the effects of tooth class, genus, age, and sex on the likelihood of tooth loss. The results strongly suggest that modern humans experience more antemortem tooth loss than non-human primates and identify age in years as an important predictor. Once age is accounted for, the difference between the humans and the closest non-human genus (chimpanzees) is less pronounced; humans are still more likely on average to experience antemortem tooth loss though 95% uncertainty envelopes around the average prediction for each genus show some overlap. These analyses support theoretical links between antemortem tooth loss and modern human characteristics; humans' significantly longer life history and a positive correlation between age and antemortem tooth loss explain, in part, the reason why humans are more likely to experience tooth loss than non-human primates, but the results do not exclude behavioral differences as a contributing factor. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

An elevated plus-maze in mixed reality for studying human anxiety-related behavior.

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Biedermann, Sarah V; Biedermann, Daniel G; Wenzlaff, Frederike; Kurjak, Tim; Nouri, Sawis; Auer, Matthias K; Wiedemann, Klaus; Briken, Peer; Haaker, Jan; Lonsdorf, Tina B; Fuss, Johannes

2017-12-21

A dearth of laboratory tests to study actual human approach-avoidance behavior has complicated translational research on anxiety. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is the gold standard to assess approach-avoidance behavior in rodents. Here, we translated the EPM to humans using mixed reality through a combination of virtual and real-world elements. In two validation studies, we observed participants' anxiety on a behavioral, physiological, and subjective level. Participants reported higher anxiety on open arms, avoided open arms, and showed an activation of endogenous stress systems. Participants' with high anxiety exhibited higher avoidance. Moreover, open arm avoidance was moderately predicted by participants' acrophobia and sensation seeking, with opposing influences. In a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled experiment, GABAergic stimulation decreased avoidance of open arms while alpha-2-adrenergic antagonism increased avoidance. These findings demonstrate cross-species validity of open arm avoidance as a translational measure of anxiety. We thus introduce the first ecologically valid assay to track actual human approach-avoidance behavior under laboratory conditions.

Combining fMRI and behavioral measures to examine the process of human learning.

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Karuza, Elisabeth A; Emberson, Lauren L; Aslin, Richard N

2014-03-01

Prior to the advent of fMRI, the primary means of examining the mechanisms underlying learning were restricted to studying human behavior and non-human neural systems. However, recent advances in neuroimaging technology have enabled the concurrent study of human behavior and neural activity. We propose that the integration of behavioral response with brain activity provides a powerful method of investigating the process through which internal representations are formed or changed. Nevertheless, a review of the literature reveals that many fMRI studies of learning either (1) focus on outcome rather than process or (2) are built on the untested assumption that learning unfolds uniformly over time. We discuss here various challenges faced by the field and highlight studies that have begun to address them. In doing so, we aim to encourage more research that examines the process of learning by considering the interrelation of behavioral measures and fMRI recording during learning. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comportamiento sexual de Alpaida veniliae (Araneae: Araneidae Sexual behavior of Alpaida veniliae (Araneae: Araneidae

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Marco A. Benamú

2012-09-01

el riesgo de canibalismo, reforzaría la selectividad de éstos hacia las hembras receptivas vírgenes.Studies in transgenic soybean crops in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, revealed that Alpaida veniliae is one of the most abundant species in the guild of orb web spiders. This species is an effective natural enemy of insect pests affecting this crop. In the present study we carried out a descriptive and quantitative analysis of sexual behavior (courtship, mating and post-mating of A. veniliae. The spiders were collected in transgenic soybean crops located in Chivilcoy (35º01’ S - 60º06’ W, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and reared under laboratory conditions. Based on observations of 20 couples (with virgin females, behavioral units of male and female in terms of postures and movements, including details on duration and frequency, were described at all stages of sexual activity (courtship, mating and post-mating. Courtship exhibited the greatest number and duration of behavioral units in both sexes. Male and female had a sequence of 16 and nine units, respectively, being the frequency of repetitions of the units significantly higher in the male. Mating was brief and males used a single palp to fill only one of the female spermathecae, after which the female became unreceptive. Mating had two behavioral units in the male and only one in the female. During post-mating males had three and females two behavioral units. The average duration of the whole sexual behavior was 541.90±123.1 seconds for the male and 338.20±74.1 seconds for the female. Alpaida veniliae females rarely accept a second mating with the same or another male (remating, indicating a strict monogamy. In 46% of observed mating, the female cannibalized the male after it. Females became unattractive after mating, since stop producing sex pheromones, causing a reduction of the male vibratory courtship. The high cost of courtship, including the risk of cannibalism, would reinforce the selectivity of

Sociability and gazing toward humans in dogs and wolves: Simple behaviors with broad implications.

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Bentosela, Mariana; Wynne, C D L; D'Orazio, M; Elgier, A; Udell, M A R

2016-01-01

Sociability, defined as the tendency to approach and interact with unfamiliar people, has been found to modulate some communicative responses in domestic dogs, including gaze behavior toward the human face. The objective of this study was to compare sociability and gaze behavior in pet domestic dogs and in human-socialized captive wolves in order to identify the relative influence of domestication and learning in the development of the dog-human bond. In Experiment 1, we assessed the approach behavior and social tendencies of dogs and wolves to a familiar and an unfamiliar person. In Experiment 2, we compared the animal's duration of gaze toward a person's face in the presence of food, which the animals could see but not access. Dogs showed higher levels of interspecific sociability than wolves in all conditions, including those where attention was unavailable. In addition, dogs gazed longer at the person's face than wolves in the presence of out-of-reach food. The potential contributions of domestication, associative learning, and experiences during ontogeny to prosocial behavior toward humans are discussed. © 2016 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

Terapia cognitivo-comportamental de transtornos de abuso de álcool e drogas Cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol and drug use disorders

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Bernard P Rangé

2008-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Entre os diversos tipos de tratamentos aos quais as terapias cognitiva e comportamental têm sido aplicadas com sucesso encontra-se o uso em problemas de adicção. Este artigo, em parte, revê modelos de adicção como os de prevenção de recaídas de Marlatt e Gordon, o de Prochaska, DiClemente e Norcross sobre os estágios de mudança, com a derivação da entrevista motivacional, desenvolvida por Miller e Rollnick, bem como os modelos cognitivos de Beck et al. MÉTODO: Com base em evidências da literatura para o desenvolvimento de programas de tratamento efetivos, é descrito um modelo de tratamento em grupo que foi usado com grupos de alcoolistas encaminhados pela Divisão de Vigilância da Saúde do Trabalhador da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro para o Centro de Pesquisa e Reabilitação do Alcoolismo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados são apresentados indicando que este tipo de tratamento poderia ser uma alternativa a outros tratamentos em uso. CONCLUSÕES: Novas pesquisas são necessárias para validar melhor a abordagem cognitivo-comportamental para os problemas de abuso de álcool e drogas.OBJECTIVE: Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been successfully used to treat addiction. This article is in part a review on addiction models such as relapse prevention by Marlatt & Gordon, stages of change by Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross, deriving from motivational interview, developed by Miller & Rollnick, as well as the cognitive models by Beck et al. METHOD: Based on literature evidence for the development of effective treatment programs, we report on a group treatment model used in a group of alcoholics referred by the Department of Worker's Health Surveillance at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro to the Alcoholism Rehabilitation and Research Center. RESULTS: Results are presented indicating that this type of treatment could be one alternative to others treatments in use. CONCLUSIONS: New research is needed to better

A human-specific de novo protein-coding gene associated with human brain functions.

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Chuan-Yun Li

2010-03-01

Full Text Available To understand whether any human-specific new genes may be associated with human brain functions, we computationally screened the genetic vulnerable factors identified through Genome-Wide Association Studies and linkage analyses of nicotine addiction and found one human-specific de novo protein-coding gene, FLJ33706 (alternative gene symbol C20orf203. Cross-species analysis revealed interesting evolutionary paths of how this gene had originated from noncoding DNA sequences: insertion of repeat elements especially Alu contributed to the formation of the first coding exon and six standard splice junctions on the branch leading to humans and chimpanzees, and two subsequent substitutions in the human lineage escaped two stop codons and created an open reading frame of 194 amino acids. We experimentally verified FLJ33706's mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Real-Time PCR in multiple tissues demonstrated that FLJ33706 was most abundantly expressed in brain. Human polymorphism data suggested that FLJ33706 encodes a protein under purifying selection. A specifically designed antibody detected its protein expression across human cortex, cerebellum and midbrain. Immunohistochemistry study in normal human brain cortex revealed the localization of FLJ33706 protein in neurons. Elevated expressions of FLJ33706 were detected in Alzheimer's brain samples, suggesting the role of this novel gene in human-specific pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. FLJ33706 provided the strongest evidence so far that human-specific de novo genes can have protein-coding potential and differential protein expression, and be involved in human brain functions.

Fracture behavior of human molars.

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Keown, Amanda J; Lee, James J-W; Bush, Mark B

2012-12-01

Despite the durability of human teeth, which are able to withstand repeated loading while maintaining form and function, they are still susceptible to fracture. We focus here on longitudinal fracture in molar teeth-channel-like cracks that run along the enamel sidewall of the tooth between the gum line (cemento-enamel junction-CEJ) and the occlusal surface. Such fractures can often be painful and necessitate costly restorative work. The following study describes fracture experiments made on molar teeth of humans in which the molars are placed under axial compressive load using a hard indenting plate in order to induce longitudinal cracks in the enamel. Observed damage modes include fractures originating in the occlusal region ('radial-median cracks') and fractures emanating from the margin of the enamel in the region of the CEJ ('margin cracks'), as well as 'spalling' of enamel (the linking of longitudinal cracks). The loading conditions that govern fracture behavior in enamel are reported and observations made of the evolution of fracture as the load is increased. Relatively low loads were required to induce observable crack initiation-approximately 100 N for radial-median cracks and 200 N for margin cracks-both of which are less than the reported maximum biting force on a single molar tooth of several hundred Newtons. Unstable crack growth was observed to take place soon after and occurred at loads lower than those calculated by the current fracture models. Multiple cracks were observed on a single cusp, their interactions influencing crack growth behavior. The majority of the teeth tested in this study were noted to exhibit margin cracks prior to compression testing, which were apparently formed during the functional lifetime of the tooth. Such teeth were still able to withstand additional loading prior to catastrophic fracture, highlighting the remarkable damage containment capabilities of the natural tooth structure.

Did warfare among ancestral hunter-gatherers affect the evolution of human social behaviors?

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Bowles, Samuel

2009-06-05

Since Darwin, intergroup hostilities have figured prominently in explanations of the evolution of human social behavior. Yet whether ancestral humans were largely "peaceful" or "warlike" remains controversial. I ask a more precise question: If more cooperative groups were more likely to prevail in conflicts with other groups, was the level of intergroup violence sufficient to influence the evolution of human social behavior? Using a model of the evolutionary impact of between-group competition and a new data set that combines archaeological evidence on causes of death during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene with ethnographic and historical reports on hunter-gatherer populations, I find that the estimated level of mortality in intergroup conflicts would have had substantial effects, allowing the proliferation of group-beneficial behaviors that were quite costly to the individual altruist.

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras em pastagem consorciada de inverno sob diferentes intensidades de desfolha Ingestive behavior of lambs on mixed winter pasture under different grazing intensities

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Carine Lisete Glienke

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a relação entre a estrutura do pasto, as variáveis ambientais e o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras Ile de France × Texel em pastagem consorciada de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb., azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam. e trevo-vermelho (Trifolium pratense L. sob quatro intensidades de desfolha (muito alta, alta, média e baixa. Utilizaram-se pastejos intermitentes considerando a soma térmica de 300 graus-dia como critério para determinar os intervalos de pastejo. As avaliações do comportamento ingestivo foram feitas por meio de observação visual em quatro períodos contínuos de 24 horas realizados no período de maio a outubro de 2006. O maior tempo de pastejo ocorreu na intensidade baixa. Altas intensidades de desfolha ocasionaram aumento da densidade populacional de perfilhos de azevém e não alteraram o peso desses perfilhos. A massa de bocados e a qualidade da dieta selecionada pelas cordeiras foram semelhantes entre as intensidades testadas. Em pastagem de aveia+azevém+trevo-vermelho, quando o intervalo de pastejo é determinado pela soma térmica de 300 graus-dia, a utilização de intensidades de desfolha que variam de baixa a muito alta não altera o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras. O comportamento ingestivo é afetado pelo ciclo do pasto e pelo fotoperíodo e a seletividade dos animais reduz ao final do período de utilização da pastagem, quando ocorre aumento no tempo de pastejo e na distância percorrida em busca de locais de alimentação.The relationship between the pasture structure, environmental variables and the ingestive behavior of crossbred Ile de France-Texel lambs on a mixed winter pasture of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb., Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., and red clover (Trifolium pratense L. under four grazing intensities ('very high', 'high', 'average', and 'low' was evaluated. Intermittent grazing was used, considering the thermal sum of 300 degree-days to determine the grazing

A Formal Investigation of the Organization of Guidance Behavior: Implications for Humans and Autonomous Guidance

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Zhaodan

Guidance behavior generated either by artificial agents or humans has been actively studied in the fields of both robotics and cognitive science. The goals of these two fields are different. The former is the automatic generation of appropriate or even optimal behavior, while the latter is the understanding of the underlying mechanism. Their challenges, though, are closely related, the most important one being the lack of a unified, formal and grounded framework where the guidance behavior can be modeled and studied. This dissertation presents such a framework. In this framework, guidance behavior is analyzed as the closed-loop dynamics of the whole agent-environment system. The resulting dynamics give rise to interaction patterns. The central points of this dissertation are that: first of all, these patterns, which can be explained in terms of symmetries that are inherent to the guidance behavior, provide building blocks for the organization of behavior; second, the existence of these patterns and humans' organization of their guidance behavior based on these patterns are the reasons that humans can generate successful behavior in spite of all the complexities involved in the planning and control. This dissertation first gives an overview of the challenges existing in both scientific endeavors, such as human and animal spatial behavior study, and engineering endeavors, such as autonomous guidance system design. It then lays out the foundation for our formal framework, which states that guidance behavior should be interpreted as the collection of the closed-loop dynamics resulting from the agent's interaction with the environment. The following, illustrated by examples of three different UAVs, shows that the study of the closed-loop dynamics should not be done without the consideration of vehicle dynamics, as is the common practice in some of the studies in both autonomous guidance and human behavior analysis. The framework, the core concepts of which are

A Language for Modeling Cultural Norms, Biases and Stereotypes for Human Behavior Models

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Solomon, Steven; van Lent, Michael; Core, Mark; Carpenter, Paul; Rosenberg, Milton

2008-01-01

.... The Culturally-Affected Behavior project seeks to define a language for encoding ethnographic data in order to capture cultural knowledge and use that knowledge to affect human behavior models...

Industrial Buying Behavior Related to Human Resource Consulting Services

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grünbaum, Niels Nolsøe; Hollensen, Svend; Kahle, Lynn

2013-01-01

The purpose of this article is to extend the understanding of the industrial buying process in connection with purchasing professional business (B2B) services, specifically human resource (HR) consulting services. Early B2B buying-behavior literature strongly emphasizes the rational aspects...... of buying behavior in B2B services. Based on a comprehensive exploratory study of Danish companies’ purchases of HR consulting services, the authors provide insights into the factors that determine how Danish companies choose a consulting services supplier. Five hypotheses are developed based...

Comportamento reológico de méis de florada de silvestre Rheological behavior of honey from Serjania glabrata flowers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre J. de M. Queiroz

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se o comportamento reológico de méis de Apis mellifera produzidos no estado do Piauí, no semi-árido brasileiro, elaborados com florada predominante de silvestre (Serjania glabrata. As amostras foram coletadas ao longo do ano 2000, a partir de coletas realizadas por apicultores, associações e cooperativas de apicultura da região abrangida pelos municípios de Picos, Itainópolis, Vera Mendes e Isaías Coelho. Após as coletas as amostras passaram pelos processos de centrifugação, filtragem e decantação. As medidas reológicas foram feitas nas temperaturas de 20 a 40 ºC utilizando-se um viscosímetro Brookfield, modelo RVT. As leituras de velocidade de rotação e torque foram transformadas em valores de taxa de deformação e tensão de cisalhamento. Os dados de taxa de deformação e tensão de cisalhamento foram ajustados pelas equações da Lei-da-Potência e de Herschel-Bulkley. As amostras apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico. As equações se ajustaram adequadamente aos resultados experimentais de tensão de cisalhamento em função da taxa de deformação. O aumento de temperatura reduziu a viscosidade aparente em níveis próximos de 80%. Os valores de viscosidade aparente foram bem ajustados por uma equação do tipo Arrhenius.The rheological behavior of Apis mellifera honey produced in the State of Piauí, in the Brazilian semi-arid, obtained with predominance of Serjania glabrata flowers was studied. The samples were collected in the year 2000 by beekeepers and associations and cooperatives of beekeepers in the area covered by the municipal districts of Picos, Itainópolis, Vera Mendes and Isaías Coelho. The samples were centrifuged, filtered, decanted and the rheological measures at temperatures of 20 to 40 ºC using a Brookfield Viscometer RVT model were made. The readings of rotation speed and torque were transformed in shear rate and shear stress values. The data of shear rate and shear stress were fitted

Comportamento germinativo de sementes de diferentes cores de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L. Miq.] Germinative behavior of Pothomorphe umbellata (L. Miq. seeds of different colors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.I Maia-Almeida

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A Pothomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae, é uma espécie medicinal nativa do Brasil, utilizada na indústria de cosméticos e protetores de pele contra raios UVA e UVB. Com o intuito de gerar informações aplicadas à propagação da espécie, o presente trabalho relacionou a coloração e a massa de sementes de P. umbellata a seu comportamento germinativo. A coloração e a massa de sementes de P. umbellata foram características adequadas para avaliar a homogeneidade fisiológica, o vigor, o potencial e o comportamento germinativo. Assim, conclui-se que, embora de germinação lenta, as sementes de coloração preta e mais densa devem ser as escolhidas quando de coleta ou de processo seletivo.Pothomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae is a medicinal species native to Brazil, which has been used in the cosmetic industry and in products that protect the skin against UVA and UVB rays. To generate information applied to the species propagation, the present work related the coloration and the mass of P. umbellata seeds to their germinative behavior. The coloration and the mass of seeds of P. umbellata were characteristic appropriate to evaluate physiologic homogeneity, vigor, potential and germinative behavior. Thus, although of slow germination, seeds of black and denser coloration should be chosen during collection or selective process.

Reflexiones sobre ética de investigación en seres humanos Reflections about research ethics in humans

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Alberto Perales

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de plantear la necesaria reflexión moral sobre la responsabilidad personal que asume cada investigador cuando realiza investigación científica en seres humanos, se presenta un ensayo de temática científica y moral, utilizando información de la literatura científica y ética pertinentes. En torno a los conceptos de ética heterónoma y ética autónoma, se plantea que, en última instancia y allende el consentimiento Informado y los cursos de adiestramiento sobre ética en investigación, la conducta del/de la investigador/a dependerá de su propia responsabilidad moral puesta a prueba en diversos contextos situacionales. Se utilizan dos modelos explicativos para comprender esta dinámica, el de normalidad en salud mental y el del desarrollo moral del hombre. Se concluye que el proceso de investigación en seres humanos constituye una actividad científica y moral que, dependiendo de diversas situaciones de conflicto de interés, pondrá siempre a prueba los controles morales del investigador.In order to propose the necessary moral reflection about the personal responsibility that each researcher assumes when he performs scientific research in human beings, an essay of moral and scientific themes is presented, using information from the relevant scientific and ethical literature. Around the concepts of heteronomous and autonomous ethics, it is proposed that ultimately and beyond informed consent and training courses on research ethics, the behavior of the researcher will depend on his/her own moral responsibility, tested in different situational contexts. Two explanatory models are used in order to understand this dynamic, the one of normality in mental health and the one of moral development of men. We conclude that the research process in human beings is a scientific and moral activity that, depending in various situations of conflicts of interest, will always test the researcher’s moral controls.

Continuo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en adolescentes de México Continuum of risky eating behaviors in Mexican adolescents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Betzaida Altamirano Martínez

2011-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar las relaciones existentes entre las variables autoestima (AU, insatisfacción corporal (IC e índice de masa corporal (IMC en un continuo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR que abarque desde la normalidad hasta el riesgo de trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA, facilitando así la detección temprana de adolescentes con manifestaciones de TCA y el grado en que influyen dichas variables. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 1 982 mujeres de 15 a 19 años de edad, de acuerdo con un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se midió la AU (escala de Pope, McHale y Craighead, la IC ("Escala análoga de figuras corporales" de Stunkard y el IMC. Se administró un cuestionario breve de CAR. Se definieron tres categorías de CAR: sin riesgo, riesgo moderado y riesgo alto. Se realizó la prueba de regresión multinomial. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una relación directa entre el riesgo de CAR y la IC, con diferencias significativas entre grupos (P OBJECTIVE: Determine the relationship between the variables of self-esteem (SE, body dissatisfaction (BD, and body mass index (BMI in a continuum of risky eating behaviors (REB that ranges from normal behavior to the risk of eating disorders (ED, thus facilitating early detection of adolescents with ED symptomatology and the degree to which such variables have an influence. METHODS: A total of 1 982 young women aged 15-19 were selected through stratified random sampling. Self-esteem (Pope, McHale, and Craighead scale, body dissatisfaction (Stunkard's Figure Rating Scale, and body mass index were measured. A brief REB questionnaire was administered. Three categories of REB were defined: no risk, moderate risk, and high risk. A multiple regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: A direct relationship was found between risk of REB and BD, with significant differences between the groups (P < 0.001: no risk (83.6% of sample, 54.1% had BD; moderate risk (11.9% of sample, 84.8% had BD; and high risk (4

Interactive human behavior analysis in open or public spaces

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hung, H.; Odobez, J.-M.; Gavrila, D.; Keyson, D.V.; Maher, M.L.; Streitz, N.; Cheok, A.; Augusto, J.C.; Wichert, R.; Englebienne, G.; Aghajan, H.; Kröse, B.J.A.

2011-01-01

In the past years, efforts in surveillance and open space analysis have focused on traditional computer vision problems like scene modeling or object detection and tracking. Research on human behavior recognition have tended to work on predefined simple activities such as running, jumping or left

First Steps in the Development of the Inventario de Comportamiento de Estudio: The Spanish Version of the Study Behavior Inventory

Science.gov (United States)

Bliss, Leonard B.; Vinay, Diana Maria Alejandra

2004-01-01

The Inventario de Comportamiento de Estudio (ICE), a Spanish version of the Study Behavior Inventory (SBI), was developed and tested using 594 undergraduate students at la Universidad de las Americas, in the state of Puebla, Mexico. A team of bilingual specialists was assembled to produce a translation that might be generic enough to be understood…

Aspectos motivacionais em programas de mudança de comportamento alimentar Motivational aspects in programs of nutritional behavior changes

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Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis

1999-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho procurou reunir as informações concernentes às questões da adesão e motivação de indivíduos em programas de intervenção alimentar que visam à mudança do comportamento. Foram considerados os artigos publicados a partir de 1990, abordando inicialmente uma definição de termos sobre complacência, aderência, motivação, manutenção, recaída e lapso, palavras comumente utilizadas nos estudos sobre mudanças de comportamento. O tema fatores que interferem nas escolhas alimentares e na aderência à dieta trata genericamente, dos aspectos que determinam os hábitos e as preferências alimentares e tece considerações sobre as questões que permeiam a relação profissional-paciente. A seguir foram abordadas as principais teorias motivacionais que fundamentam os programas de intervenção alimentar e algumas considerações sobre a aplicação destas teorias num programa de intervenção nutricional. O "estado da arte" dos programas de intervenção nutricional que visam à mudança do comportamento alimentar, apresentado nas publicações relatadas, aponta para a necessidade da utilização e integração dos modelos da teoria social cognitiva e treinamento profissional para aquisição de habilidades técnicas para motivar as pessoas na realização das mudanças desejáveis.This article is a review of the most recent publications related to the motivation and adherence factors in nutritional intervention programs directed toward behavioral changes. The review included papers published since 1990. The initial part of the article presents the definitions of several terms commonly associated with researches on the behavioral change area, such as adherence, complacence, motivation, maintenance and relapse. Afterwards, the authors present information related to the factors that have been found to interfere in food choices and those that may determine the nutricional habits. The patient - professional relationship is also

Craniosynostosis in the Middle Pleistocene human Cranium 14 from the Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca, Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Gracia, Ana; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Martínez, Ignacio; Lorenzo, Carlos; Carretero, José Miguel; Bermúdez de Castro, José María; Carbonell, Eudald

2009-04-21

We report here a previously undescribed human Middle Pleistocene immature specimen, Cranium 14, recovered at the Sima de los Huesos (SH) site (Atapuerca, Spain), that constitutes the oldest evidence in human evolution of a very rare pathology in our own species, lambdoid single suture craniosynostosis (SSC). Both the ecto- and endo-cranial deformities observed in this specimen are severe. All of the evidence points out that this severity implies that the SSC occurred before birth, and that facial asymmetries, as well as motor/cognitive disorders, were likely to be associated with this condition. The analysis of the present etiological data of this specimen lead us to consider that Cranium 14 is a case of isolated SSC, probably of traumatic origin. The existence of this pathological individual among the SH sample represents also a fact to take into account when referring to sociobiological behavior in Middle Pleistocene humans.

A classification scheme of erroneous behaviors for human error probability estimations based on simulator data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Yochan; Park, Jinkyun; Jung, Wondea

2017-01-01

Because it has been indicated that empirical data supporting the estimates used in human reliability analysis (HRA) is insufficient, several databases have been constructed recently. To generate quantitative estimates from human reliability data, it is important to appropriately sort the erroneous behaviors found in the reliability data. Therefore, this paper proposes a scheme to classify the erroneous behaviors identified by the HuREX (Human Reliability data Extraction) framework through a review of the relevant literature. A case study of the human error probability (HEP) calculations is conducted to verify that the proposed scheme can be successfully implemented for the categorization of the erroneous behaviors and to assess whether the scheme is useful for the HEP quantification purposes. Although continuously accumulating and analyzing simulator data is desirable to secure more reliable HEPs, the resulting HEPs were insightful in several important ways with regard to human reliability in off-normal conditions. From the findings of the literature review and the case study, the potential and limitations of the proposed method are discussed. - Highlights: • A taxonomy of erroneous behaviors is proposed to estimate HEPs from a database. • The cognitive models, procedures, HRA methods, and HRA databases were reviewed. • HEPs for several types of erroneous behaviors are calculated as a case study.

Diferenças na percepção da imagem corporal, no comportamento alimentar e no estado nutricional de universitárias das áreas de saúde e humanas Differences in body image perception, eating behavior and nutritional status of college students of health and human sciences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Fernanda Laus

2009-12-01

people concerned about their weight and body image may choose to take these majors because they are personally interested in the topic. The objective of this study was to assess the body image perception, eating behavior, and nutritional status of students of health and human sciences and to compare these data. METHOD: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26 and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ were administered to 127 first-year students of Nutrition and Physical Education (health sciences and Advertising and Business Administration (human sciences who also provided information on weight and height for calculation of their body mass index. RESULTS: We found a high prevalence of body image distortion in all groups, with no difference between areas or majors. The EAT-26 indicated higher scores in students of health than in those who studied human sciences, with the students majoring in Nutrition showing the highest scores, with statistical difference from the scores found in Advertising and Business Administration, but not in Physical Education. In addition, most students were classified as eutrophic and there were not obese individuals in any of the majors, with no significant difference between areas or majors for this variable. DISCUSSION: The high incidence of body image distortion associated with high prevalence of inappropriate eating behavior in students of health shows a possible susceptibility to the development of eating disorders.

Avaliação dos comportamentos de aves poedeiras utilizando seqüência de imagens Behavior evaluation of laying hens using image sequences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José A. D. Barbosa Filho

2007-04-01

Full Text Available A grande preocupação com o uso de gaiolas dá-se quanto ao espaço oferecido às aves poedeiras, o qual, certamente, afeta seu bem-estar. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar aspectos relacionados ao comportamento e bem-estar animal, comparando o sistema de criação alternativo (com cama e ninho com o sistema convencional em gaiolas. Para isso, dois grupos de 20 aves (10 Hy-Line W36 e 10 Hy-Line Brown em início de produção foram divididos em dois sistemas de criação (cama+ninho e gaiolas e colocadas em câmara climática: um grupo a 26 °C e 60% UR (condição de conforto térmico, e outro a 35 °C e 70% UR (condição de estresse térmico, onde eram constantemente monitoradas por câmeras de vídeo. Com base na análise dos comportamentos, verificou-se que o sistema de criação em cama propiciou a expressão de todos os comportamentos naturais relacionados ao conforto das aves, evidenciando o estado de bem-estar das mesmas. Para o sistema em gaiolas, pôde ser constatado que as aves tentavam expressar seus comportamentos naturais, mesmo não tendo condições para isso. Essa impossibilidade de expressão dos comportamentos agravou as condições de estresse provocadas por esse sistema de criação e pela condição ambiental a que as aves foram submetidas.The concern about the use of cages is related to barren environment and the minimal space offered to the laying hens, which negatively affects bird welfare. The present study focused on the aspect evaluation related to the behavior and welfare of birds, making a comparison between the alternative housing system (with litter and nests and the conventional cage system. Two groups of 20 laying hens (10 Hy-Line W36 and 10 Hy-line Brown at the beginning of the production were divided in two breeding systems (litter+nest and cages. Both of them were kept in climatic controlled chambers: one group with an ambient temperature of 26 °C and 60% RH (Thermal Comfort Condition

O Behaviorismo Radical como filosofia da mente Radical Behaviorism as philosophy of mind

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Carlos Eduardo Lopes

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O Behaviorismo Radical de B. F. Skinner é constantemente acusado de eliminar a mente de sua explicação do comportamento humano. Uma análise do livro The Concept of Mind, de Gilbert Ryle, sugere a possibilidade de defender a existência de uma mente relacional, diferente da categoria de existência da mente defendida em interpretações cartesianas (mente substancial. A análise de alguns textos de Skinner sugere que o conceito de uma mente relacional também pode ser defendido no Behaviorismo Radical. Esse fato, culminaria na possibilidade de que, além de filosofia da Ciência do Comportamento, o Behaviorismo Radical, também pode ser uma filosofia da mente, o que traria conseqüências ao estudo e à aplicação da Análise do Comportamento.B. F. Skinner's Radical Behaviorism has been repeatedly accused of eliminating the mind from its explanation of human behavior. An analysis of Gilbert Ryle's book, The Concept of Mind, suggests the possibility of defending the existence of a relational mind, different from the category of existence of mind defended in Cartesian interpretations (substantial mind. The analysis of some texts of Skinner suggests that the concept of a relational mind can also be defended in Radical Behaviorism. This fact would lead to the possibility that, beyond a philosophy of Behavior Science, Radical Behaviorism may also be a philosophy of mind, which would bring consequences to the study and application of Analysis of Behavior.

Emotion expression in human punishment behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Erte; Houser, Daniel

2005-05-17

Evolutionary theory reveals that punishment is effective in promoting cooperation and maintaining social norms. Although it is accepted that emotions are connected to punishment decisions, there remains substantial debate over why humans use costly punishment. Here we show experimentally that constraints on emotion expression can increase the use of costly punishment. We report data from ultimatum games, where a proposer offers a division of a sum of money and a responder decides whether to accept the split, or reject and leave both players with nothing. Compared with the treatment in which expressing emotions directly to proposers is prohibited, rejection of unfair offers is significantly less frequent when responders can convey their feelings to the proposer concurrently with their decisions. These data support the view that costly punishment might itself be used to express negative emotions and suggest that future studies will benefit by recognizing that human demand for emotion expression can have significant behavioral consequences in social environments, including families, courts, companies, and markets.

Discriminating Drivers through Human Factor and Behavioral Difference

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ju Seok Oh

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Since Greenwood and Woods' (1919 study in tendency of accident, many researchers have insisted that various human factors (sensation seeking, anger, anxiety are highly correlated with reckless driving and traffic accidents. Oh and Lee (2011 designed the Driving Behavior Determinants Questionnaire, a psychological tool to predict danger level of drivers and discriminate them into three groups (normal, unintentionally reckless, and intentionally reckless by their characteristics, attitude, and expected reckless behavior level. This tool's overall accuracy of discrimination was 70%. This study aimed to prove that the discrimination reflects the behavioral difference of drivers. Twenty-four young drivers were requested to react to the visual stimuli (tests for subjective speed sense, simple visual reaction time, and left turning at own risk. The results showed no differences in subjective speed sense among the driver groups, which means drivers' excessive speeding behaviors occur due to intention based on personality and attitude, not because of sensory disorders. In addition, there were no differences in simple reaction time among driver groups. However, the results of the ‘Left turning at drivers’ own risk task” revealed significant group differences. All reckless drivers showed a greater degree of dangerous left turning behaviors than the normal group did.

Assessment of the Human Environment 2012; Balans van de Leefomgeving 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dassen, T.; Van Veen, M. (eds.)

2012-09-15

The Assessment of the Human Environment evaluates the extent to which policy objectives, as set by the Dutch Cabinet, are being met in the fields that concern the human environment (the environment, nature and space). The human environment is determined by local surroundings and accessibility of the workplace, as well as by more abstract or globally felt factors, such as climate change and the use of natural resources, such as land, water and fertilisers for food production. Although these factors together form the physical human environment, they do not add up to a single quality standard for the human environment. The issues that provide the concept of the human environment with concrete, relevant meaning are all separate, such as the quality of the local surroundings or global climate change. These findings present the most prominent developments in relation to the status of the various factors that determine the quality of the human environment, and compare these with government objectives for the policy areas. In areas where objectives are unlikely to be achieved, suggestions for policy improvements have been provided. Developments around all environmental, nature and spatial objectives can be found in the digital assessment - the website that accompanies this Assessment of the Human Assessment of the Human Environment 2012 (www.pbl.nl/balans2012; in Dutch) [Dutch] Deze Balans is een ex-durante evaluatie van het nationale beleid voor milieu, natuur, water en ruimte. In de Balans evalueert het PBL tweejaarlijks de effecten van het huidige vastgestelde en voorgenomen beleid. Dit keer inclusief de afspraken in het Lenteakkoord voor zover die voldoende concreet zijn uitgewerkt. De evaluatie is geordend rond zes thema's of maatschappelijke handelingssystemen waarin overheden, maatschappelijke partijen en burgers bij het nastreven van hun diverse doelen, van elkaar afhankelijk zijn: energie, voedsel, landelijk gebied, water, bereikbaarheid en het stedelijk

Assessment of the Human Environment 2012; Balans van de Leefomgeving 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dassen, T.; Van Veen, M. [eds.

2012-09-15

The Assessment of the Human Environment evaluates the extent to which policy objectives, as set by the Dutch Cabinet, are being met in the fields that concern the human environment (the environment, nature and space). The human environment is determined by local surroundings and accessibility of the workplace, as well as by more abstract or globally felt factors, such as climate change and the use of natural resources, such as land, water and fertilisers for food production. Although these factors together form the physical human environment, they do not add up to a single quality standard for the human environment. The issues that provide the concept of the human environment with concrete, relevant meaning are all separate, such as the quality of the local surroundings or global climate change. These findings present the most prominent developments in relation to the status of the various factors that determine the quality of the human environment, and compare these with government objectives for the policy areas. In areas where objectives are unlikely to be achieved, suggestions for policy improvements have been provided. Developments around all environmental, nature and spatial objectives can be found in the digital assessment - the website that accompanies this Assessment of the Human Assessment of the Human Environment 2012 (www.pbl.nl/balans2012; in Dutch) [Dutch] Deze Balans is een ex-durante evaluatie van het nationale beleid voor milieu, natuur, water en ruimte. In de Balans evalueert het PBL tweejaarlijks de effecten van het huidige vastgestelde en voorgenomen beleid. Dit keer inclusief de afspraken in het Lenteakkoord voor zover die voldoende concreet zijn uitgewerkt. De evaluatie is geordend rond zes thema's of maatschappelijke handelingssystemen waarin overheden, maatschappelijke partijen en burgers bij het nastreven van hun diverse doelen, van elkaar afhankelijk zijn: energie, voedsel, landelijk gebied, water, bereikbaarheid en het stedelijk gebied

DTIC Review: Human, Social, Cultural and Behavior Modeling. Volume 9, Number 1 (CD-ROM)

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

2008-01-01

...: Human, Social, Cultural and Behavior (HSCB) models are designed to help understand the structure, interconnections, dependencies, behavior, and trends associated with any collection of individuals...

The meaning given by the healthcare professional to labor and humanizing delivery El significado dado por el profesional de salud al trabajo de parto y parto humanizado O significado dado pelo profissional de saúde para trabalho de parto e parto humanizado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandra dos Santos Mabuchi

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To understand the meaning the healthcare professional in charge of the woman in childbirth gives to labor and humanizing delivery. METHODS: This is a qualitative research with a phenomenological perspective. Seven physicians and four nurses working at the obstetric center of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo were interviewed. RESULTS: After data analysis, two subthemes emerged: Understanding labor and humanizing delivery as a group of differentiated healthcare and behavioral measures, and Identifying failures in the search for healthcare humanization. CONCLUSION: The study showed that there are still disagreements regarding what is understood as humanizing delivery and what is done in practice. Humanization remains a government policy that is far from efficient, not only because of infrastructural deficits or financial shortages, but because of a lack of contact with the theme, resulting in healthcare that is not individualized or human.OBJETIVO: Comprender el significado que el profesional de salud que atiende a la parturienta, da al trabajo de parto y parto humanizado. MÉTODOS: Se trata de uma investigación cualitativa con perspectiva fenomenológica. Fueron entrevistados siete médicos y cuatro enfermeras que trabajaban en el Centro Obstétrico de un hospital público del Municipio de Sao Paulo. RESULTADOS: Después del análisis de los datos emergieron dos subtemas: Comprendiendo el trabajo de parto y parto humanizado como un conjunto de medidas asistenciales y de comportamiento diferenciado, e Identificando fallas en la búsqueda de la humanización de la asistencia, los cuales al ser sintetizados dieron origen al fenómeno mayor de la experiencia de los sujetos: Vivenciando la desarmonía entre teoría y práctica en la búsqueda de la humanización de la asistencia. CONCLUSIÓN: En el estudio se evidenció que aun hay discordancia referente a lo que se entiende por parto humanizado y lo que se realiza en la pr

Caretaking behavior among siblings in children's shelters Comportamento de cuidado entre irmãos em instituição de abrigo

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Lília Iêda Chaves Cavalcante

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This study analyzed 742 events involving caretaking behavior among sheltered children with or without siblings in the same institution. Statistical tests were used for intergroup evaluation in comparison to focal subjects. Children with siblings showed a greater number of those behaviors and they were primarily directed to non-sibling peers (roommates or adults (caretakers. The study also revealed that the caretaking behavior was more frequent in the group of children with siblings in the institution whereas those without siblings showed a more affective contact and behaviors directed more to adults than to peers. It was concluded that the caretaking behavior is present among siblings, but it assumes particular shapes because of the complex social dynamics that characterize the research environment.Este estudo analisou 742 eventos envolvendo comportamento de cuidado entre crianças abrigadas com e sem irmão na mesma instituição. Foram aplicados testes estatísticos para avaliação intergrupal na comparação entre os sujeitos focais. As crianças com irmão manifestaram a maior proporção desses comportamentos e foram dirigidos principalmente a parceiros não-Irmãos (companheiros de dormitório ou adultos (cuidadores. O estudo revelou ainda que o comportamento Brincar de cuidar foi mais freqüente no grupo de crianças Com Irmão na instituição enquanto que entre os participantes Sem Irmão predominou Estabelecer contato afetuoso e comportamentos direcionados mais a adultos do que aos pares. Conclui-se que o comportamento de cuidado está presente entre irmãos, mas assume formas particulares em razão da complexa dinâmica social que caracteriza o ambiente pesquisado.

Rheological behavior of blueberry Comportamento reológico de mirtilo

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Graziella Colato Antonio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The physical and physicochemical characteristics of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus fruits produced in Brazil were analyzed. Rheological properties were measured at 5, 25, 45 and 65 °C, on a stress controlled rheometer equipped with grooved a stainless-steel parallel-plate in a shear rate range of 0-300 s-1, with the objective of determining the influence of temperature on the rheological properties. The pseudoplastic behavior with yield stress was well described by the Ostwald-de-Waele (Power Law, Herschel-Bulkley (HB and Mizhari Berk models. The yield stress and behavior index decreased with the increase in the temperatures for 5, 25, and 45 °C whereas for the temperature of 65 °C the effects were the opposite exhibiting elevated values. The viscosity decreased with an increase in temperature, and the Arrhenius equation described adequately the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the puree, in which the activation energy (Ea determined at a shear rate of 100 s-1 was 9.36 kJ.mol-1.As características físicas e físico-químicas do mirtilo (Vaccinium myrtillus produzido no Brasil foram analisadas. As propriedades reológicas foram medidas em 5, 25, 45 e 65 °C, em um reômetro de tensão controlada equipado com geometria rugosa de placas paralelas com taxa de deformação variando de 0-300 s-1 com o objetivo de verificação da influência da temperatura no comportamento do fluido. O comportamento pseudoplástico com tensão residual foi bem descrito pelos modelos de Ostwald-de-Waele (Lei da Potência, Herschel-Bulkley (HB e Mizhari Berk. A tensão residual diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura para 5, 25 e 45 °C, enquanto que para 65 °C os efeitos foram contrários, exibindo elevados valores. A viscosidade diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura e a equação de Arrhenius apresentou uma boa descrição do efeito da temperatura na viscosidade aparente do mirtilo, e a energia de ativação (Ea determinada para uma taxa de

Stress prompts habit behavior in humans.

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Schwabe, Lars; Wolf, Oliver T

2009-06-03

Instrumental behavior can be controlled by goal-directed action-outcome and habitual stimulus-response processes that are supported by anatomically distinct brain systems. Based on previous findings showing that stress modulates the interaction of "cognitive" and "habit" memory systems, we asked in the presented study whether stress may coordinate goal-directed and habit processes in instrumental learning. For this purpose, participants were exposed to stress (socially evaluated cold pressor test) or a control condition before they were trained to perform two instrumental actions that were associated with two distinct food outcomes. After training, one of these food outcomes was selectively devalued as subjects were saturated with that food. Next, subjects were presented the two instrumental actions in extinction. Stress before training in the instrumental task rendered participants' behavior insensitive to the change in the value of the food outcomes, that is stress led to habit performance. Moreover, stress reduced subjects' explicit knowledge of the action-outcome contingencies. These results demonstrate for the first time that stress promotes habits at the expense of goal-directed performance in humans.

El modelo de servicio de un MBA con enfoque humanístico

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Ernesto Barrera Duque

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo establecer los elementos fundamentales de la experiencia del estudiante MBA en el programa de una institución educativa colombiana. Mediante la combinación del análisis narrativo y la teoría fundamentada, ambos dentro de la modalidad de metodología cualitativa, se hallaron categorías fundamentales en la experiencia de servicio. La interacción con los profesores, la interacción con los directores de estudio, el contexto organizacional de la institución educativa, la interacción con otros participantes y el diseño del programa centrado en el participante, fueron los inductores de la experiencia. Además, se encontró que el método del caso era un mediador importante para verter una experiencia de carácter práctico. Finalmente, los elementos de impacto en el estudiante fueron el desarrollo de habilidades directivas y la transformación personal integral. El enfoque humanístico, imbuido en todas las categorías, sirvió de pliegue entre ellas, indicando que este elemento es consistente y potencia la formación orientada a mejorar el desempeño laboral y personal de los participantes. Además, este enfoque, que es evidente en la experiencia, es valorado por los estudiantes.

Enxerto bovino liofilizado: comportamento histológico após seguimento de 49 meses em seres humanos Bovine lyophilized graft (BLG: histological analysis on behavior in humans after 49 months

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Carlos Roberto Galia

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento histológico do ELB, produzido conforme protocolo desenvolvido pelo autor principal, em seres humanos no decorrer de 49 meses através da aferição da proporção enxerto/osso neoformado em relação ao total de área mineralizada. MÉTODOS: Série de casos com 12 pacientes, oito femininos (66% e quatro masculinos (34%, totalizando 13 biópsias, nos quais utilizou-se ELB e que posteriormente houve necessidade de reintervenção cirúrgica, no período de 2000 a 2011. As lâminas produzidas, coradas com hematoxilina-eosina (HE, foram analisadas por patologista e digitalizadas para a avaliação proposta. RESULTADOS: A média etária foi de 57 anos e o tempo médio de seguimento de 49 meses (6-115. A proporção média de ELB foi de 42% (13-85 e de osso neoformado de 58% (15-87 em relação ao total de área mineralizada. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo demonstra que o ELB utilizado apresenta característica osteocondutora e biocompatibilidade. O ELB apresentado é opção terapêutica a ser utilizada em cirurgias ortopédicas que necessitem preenchimento de deficiências ósseas.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the histological behavior of bovine lyophilized grafts (BLG produced according to a protocol developed by the first author, in humans over a 49-month period by measuring the graft/bone neoformation ratio in relation to the total mineralized area. METHODS: This was a case series involving 12 patients: eight females (66% and four males (34%, totaling 13 biopsies. BLG was used, and surgical reintervention was subsequently required during the period 2000 to 2011. The slides produced were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE, were analyzed by a pathologist and were digitized for the proposed evaluation. RESULTS: The mean age was 57 years and the mean follow-up was 49 months (range: 6-115. The average proportion of BLG was 42% range: 13-85 and neoformed bone, 58% (range: 15-87 in relation to the total area mineralized

Conducta de búfalos en pastoreo en humedales de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba Behavior of grazing buffaloes in wetlands of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba

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A Caraballoso¹

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de caracterizar la conducta de búfalos en pastoreo en el humedal avileño se realizó el presente estudio en áreas de la Empresa Agropecuaria del municipio Bolivia, en el Humedal Norte de la provincia Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Se emplearon búfalos de río, de pantano y bufalipso mestizo, clínicamente sanos. Para determinar la composición florística se hicieron diferentes transeptos por el procedimiento de la línea intercepto. Se evaluó el comportamiento bufalino en pastoreo durante 10 días consecutivos y en ambas épocas del año, a través del método visual adaptado para esta especie. Se identificaron en el área de pastoreo de los búfalos un total de 165 especies vegetales correspondientes a 20 familias. Los animales dedicaron la mayor parte del tiempo al pastoreo en ambos períodos (58,5 y 64,3% para los períodos I y II, respectivamente, seguido de la rumia (13,2 y 15,1%, respectivamente. Se concluye que el estudio de la conducta resulta una herramienta importante en la explotación y manejo del búfalo; se apreció que los búfalos dedicaron el mayor porcentaje del tiempo a la actividad de pastoreo, con tendencia a su incremento en las tres primeras horas del día. Se recomienda intensificar la siembra de la cobertura vegetal para evitar su deterioro, así como la migración de los animales a otros ecosistemas.With the objective of characterizing the behavior of grazing buffaloes in a Ciego de Ávila wetland, this study was conducted in areas of the Livestock Production Enterprise of the Bolivia municipality, in the Northern Wetland of the Ciego de Ávila province. Clinically healthy river, swamp and crossbred Buffalypso buffaloes were used. In order to determine the floristic composition different transepts were made through the intercept line procedure. The behavior of the grazing buffaloes was evaluated for 10 consecutive days and in both seasons, through the visual method adapted for this species. A total of 165

Motion Segments Decomposition of RGB-D Sequences for Human Behavior Understanding

OpenAIRE

Devanne , Maxime; Berretti , Stefano; Pala , Pietro; Wannous , Hazem; Daoudi , Mohamed; Bimbo , Alberto ,

2017-01-01

International audience; In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing and understanding human behavior from depth videos. The proposed solution first employs shape analysis of the human pose across time to decompose the full motion into short temporal segments representing elementary motions. Then, each segment is characterized by human motion and depth appearance around hand joints to describe the change in pose of the body and the interaction with objects. Finally , the sequence of te...

Teoría del comportamiento planificado y conducta sexual de riesgo en hombres homosexuales Theory of planned behavior and risky sexual behavior in homosexual men

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María Jesús Martín

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Explorar la adecuación de modelo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP para el análisis de la conducta sexual de riesgo en el colectivo "hombres que tienen sexo con hombres" (HSH con el objetivo de proponer un modelo alternativo que mejore su comprensión. MÉTODOS: Análisis cualitativo de entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y de grupos nominales realizadas con 45 HSH que durante los últimos 12 meses mantuvieron relaciones sexuales de riesgo (penetración anal insertiva o receptiva sin utilizar preservativo. Para el manejo de los datos se realizó un análisis del discurso mediante el "método comparativo constante" realizado en dos fases: a identificación de variables de la TCP y de inadecuaciones entre esta teoría y las declaraciones de los informadores, y b propuesta de un modelo psicosocial alternativo coherente con los resultados. RESULTADOS: Se confirmó una adecuación general de la TCP, su modificación en aspectos puntuales y la incorporación de nuevas variables que, en posteriores investigaciones, podrían ser incluidas para verificar cuantitativamente su potencial incremento de la capacidad predictiva y/o explicativa del modelo para la conducta sexual de riesgo en HSH. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar la importancia de poner a prueba los postulados matemáticos del modelo TCP. Se estableció un equilibrio estable entre la validación de la TCP, sugiriéndose posibles modificaciones en aspectos puntuales que, en posteriores investigaciones, podrían ser incluidas para verificar su potencial incremento de la capacidad explicativa del modelo para la conducta sexual de riesgo en HSH.OBJECTIVE: Explore the appropriateness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB model for analyzing risky sexual behavior in men who have sex with other men (MSM, with the object of proposing an alternative model that improves understanding. METHODS: Qualitative analysis of semi-structured individual and

Human behavior research and the design of sustainable transport systems

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Schauer, James J.

2011-09-01

Transport currently represents approximately 19% of the global energy demand and accounts for about 23% of the global carbon dioxide emissions (IEA 2009). As the demand for mobility is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades, the stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will require the evolution of transport, along with power generation, building design and manufacturing. The continued development of these sectors will need to include changes in energy sources, energy delivery, materials, infrastructure and human behavior. Pathways to reducing carbon from the transport sector have unique challenges and opportunities that are inherent to the human choices and behavioral patterns that mold the transportation systems and the associated energy needs. Technology, government investment, and regulatory policies have a significant impact on the formulation of transportation infrastructure; however, the role of human behavior and public acceptance on the efficiency and effectiveness of transport systems should not be underestimated. Although developed, rapidly developing, and underdeveloped nations face different challenges in the establishment of transport infrastructure that can meet transport needs while achieving sustainable carbon dioxide emissions, the constraints that establish the domain of possibilities are closely related for all nations. These constraints include capital investment, fuel supplies, power systems, and human behavior. Throughout the world, there are considerable efforts directed at advancing and optimizing the financing of sustainable infrastructures, the production of low carbon fuels, and the production of advanced power systems, but the foundational work on methods to understand human preferences and behavior within the context of transport and the valuation of reductions in carbon dioxide emissions is greatly lagging behind. These methods and the associated understanding of human behavior and the willingness to pay for

Deformation Behavior of Human Dentin under Uniaxial Compression

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Dmitry Zaytsev

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Deformation behavior of a human dentin under compression including size and rate effects is studied. No difference between mechanical properties of crown and root dentin is found. It is mechanically isotropic high elastic and strong hard tissue, which demonstrates considerable plasticity and ability to suppress a crack growth. Mechanical properties of dentin depend on a shape of samples and a deformation rate.

"More human than human": instrumentalización y sublevación de los sujetos artificiales / «More Human than Human»: Instrumentalization and Uprising of Artificial Subjects

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Jimena Escudero Pérez

2016-08-01

Full Text Available La vida sintética, orgánica y mixta creada artificialmente tiene siempre como fin satisfacer algún tipo de necesidad de su creador, el ser humano. La inteligencia de estos engendros, así como su interacción con el medio, puede ser muy variable proporcionándoles distintos grados de conciencia. Desde los robots de limpieza hasta los clones, pasando por cíborgs y replicantes o por superordenadores que toman el mando, el inventario de sujetos artificiales autoconscientes en el cine de ciencia ficción es prácticamente inagotable. En el presente artículo abordaremos algunas de sus representaciones más icónicas e influyentes para el género, así como el impacto que estas han tenido sobre nuestra concepción de la propia naturaleza humana.Palabras clave: artificial, sujeto, identidad, instrumentalización, robot, clon, cíborg, consciencia, humanidad, creación.AbstractArtificially created life, whether it is synthetic, organic or mixed, always has the purpose of fulfilling some need of its creator, human kind. The intelligence of these beings as well as their interaction with the environment can vary widely, providing them with different degrees of consciousness. From maintenance robots to clones, through cyborgs and replicants or supercomputers that take control, the inventory of self-conscious artificial subjects in science fiction is almost endless. In this article we will take a look at some of the most iconic and influential manifestations of artificial identities in Sci Fi and see how they have moulded our perception of human nature itself.Keywords: artificial, subject, identity, instrumentalization, robot, clone, cyborg, consciousness, humanity, creation.

How hardwired is human behavior?

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholson, N

1998-01-01

Time and time again managers have tried to eliminate hierarchies, politics, and interorganizational rivalry--but to no avail. Why? Evolutionary psychologists would say that they are working against nature--emotional and behavioral "hardwiring" that is the legacy of our Stone Age ancestors. In this evolutionary psychology primer for executives, Nigel Nicholson explores many of the Science's central tenets. Of course, evolutionary psychology is still an emerging discipline, and its strong connection with the theory of natural selection has sparked significant controversy. But, as Nicholson suggests, evolutionary psychology is now well established enough that its insights into human instinct will prove illuminating to anyone seeking to understand why people act the way they do in organizational settings. Take gossip. According to evolutionary psychology, our Stone Age ancestors needed this skill to survive the socially unpredictable conditions of the Savannah Plain. Thus, over time, the propensity to gossip became part of our mental programming. Executives trying to eradicate gossip at work might as well try to change their employees' musical tastes. Better to put one's energy into making sure the "rumor mill" avoids dishonesty or unkindness as much as possible. Evolutionary psychology also explores the dynamics of the human group. Clans on the Savannah Plain, for example, appear to have had no more than 150 members. The message for managers? People will likely be most effective in small organizational units. As every executive knows, it pays to be an insightful student of human nature. Evolutionary psychology adds another important chapter to consider.

B. F. Skinner's Science and Human Behavior: its antecedents and its consequences.

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Catania, A Charles

2003-11-01

Skinner's Science and Human Behavior marked a transition from a treatment of behavior that took physics as its reference science to one that emphasized behavior as a fundamental part of the subject matter of biology. The book includes what may be Skinner's earliest statement about the similarity of operant selection to Darwinian natural selection in phylogeny. Other major topics discussed in the book included multiple causation, private events, the self, and social contingencies. Among the important antecedents were Skinner's own Behavior of Organisms and Keller & Schoenfeld's Pincinples of Psychology. Current developments in education, behavioral economics, and some behavior therapies can be attributed at least in part to Skinner's seminal work. The effective behavioral analysis of governmental and religious systems will probably depend on elaborations of our understanding of verbal behavior.

A review of human male field studies of hormones and behavioral reproductive effort.

Science.gov (United States)

Gray, Peter B; McHale, Timothy S; Carré, Justin M

2017-05-01

The purpose of this paper is to review field studies of human male hormones and reproductive behavior. We first discuss life history theory and related conceptual considerations. As illustrations, distinctive features of human male life histories such as coalitional aggression, long-term partnering and paternal care are noted, along with their relevance to overall reproductive effort and developmental plasticity. We address broad questions about what constitutes a human male field study of hormones and behavior, including the kinds of hormone and behavioral measures employed in existing studies. Turning to several sections of empirical review, we present and discuss evidence for links between prenatal and juvenile androgens and sexual attraction and aggression. This includes the proposal that adrenal androgens-DHEA and androstenedione-may play functional roles during juvenility as part of a life-stage specific system. We next review studies of adult male testosterone responses to competition, with these studies emphasizing men's involvement in individual and team sports. These studies show that men's testosterone responses differ with respect to variables such as playing home/away, winning/losing, and motivation. Field studies of human male hormones and sexual behavior also focus on testosterone, showing some evidence of patterned changes in men's testosterone to sexual activity. Moreover, life stage-specific changes in male androgens may structure age-related differences in sexual behavior, including decreases in sexual behavior with senescence. We overview the considerable body of research on male testosterone, partnerships and paternal care, noting the variation in social context and refinements in research design. A few field studies provide insight into relationships between partnering and paternal behavior and prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. In the third section of the review, we discuss patterns, limitations and directions for future research. This

Razão e emoção: uma leitura analítico-comportamental de avanços recentes nas neurociências Reason and emotion: a behavior-analytic interpretation of recent advances in neurosciences

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Rosângela Araújo Darwich

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Achados recentes das neurociências apresentam uma visão integrada do funcionamento humano que envolve a presença de relações entre os grandes sistemas orgânicos, entre estados fisiológicos e cognitivos e entre razão e emoção. Este artigo objetiva contrastar tais estudos a aspectos centrais do modelo interpretativo skinneriano, destacando o papel de relações entre processos respondentes e operantes para a compreensão da interdependência entre razão e emoção. Investiga-se a importância de respostas emocionais e do comportamento verbal para a expressão de respostas tidas como racionais e, de uma maneira geral, para a seleção do repertório comportamental, verbal e não-verbal. Ressalta-se que o atual movimento de superação de propostas dualistas de compreensão do ser humano pelas neurociências aproxima-se da perspectiva analítico-comportamental de investigação de respostas abertas e encobertas no contexto de relações indivíduo-ambiente.Recent findings of the neurosciences present an integrated view of the human functioning, one that encompasses the relationships among the great organic systems, between physiological and cognitive states and between reason and emotion. The aim of this paper is to contrast such studies with central aspects of the Skinnerian explanatory system, highlighting the role of relations between respondent and operant processes for an understanding of the interdependence between reason and emotion. The importance of emotional responses and verbal behavior for rational responding and, moreover, for the selection of verbal and non-verbal behavioral repertoire, is discussed. It is argued that the current movement in the neurosciences towards overcoming dualistic views of the human being is compatible with the behavior-analytic approach to overt and covert responses in the context of individual-environment relations.

Patterns of sedentary behavior and compliance with public health recommendations in Spanish adolescents: the AFINOS study Patrones de sedentarismo y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de salud pública en adolescentes españoles: estudio AFINOS

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David Martínez Gómez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The aims of the present study were: (i describe patterns of sedentary behavior in Spanish adolescents; and (ii determine the proportion of adolescents that do not meet the public health recommendations for sedentary behavior. This study comprised 1,724 Spanish adolescents (882 girls, aged 13 to 16 years. Patterns of sedentary behavior (TV viewing, use of computer games, console games and surfing the Internet were assessed using the HELENA sedentary behavior questionnaire. The total proportion of adolescents watching TV, using computer and console games, and surfing the internet for more than two hours daily was 24%, 9%, 7%, and 17%, respectively, on weekdays, and 50%, 22%, 16%, and 35%, respectively, on weekends. Over 63% of the adolescents from the study did not meet the recommendation for sedentary behavior (Los objetivos del estudio son: (i describir los patrones de comportamiento sedentario en adolescentes españoles y (ii establecer cuántos de ellos no cumplen las recomendaciones de salud pública sobre comportamiento sedentario. Participaron 1.724 adolescentes españoles (882 chicas entre 13 y 16 años. Los patrones de comportamiento sedentario (ver la televisión, juegos de ordenador, videojuegos y navegar en Internet fueron evaluados a través del cuestionario HELENA. La proporción total de adolescentes que ven la TV, usan juegos de ordenador o de consola y navegan en Internet durante > 2h los días de diario fue del 24%, 9%, 7% y 17%, respectivamente. Durante los fines de semana, la proporción fue del 50%, 22%, 16% y 35%. Más del 63% del total de la muestra no cumplen las recomendaciones de tiempo sedentario total < 2 horas durante los días de diario y el 87% no lo hace en días del fin de semana. Dado que las conductas sedentarias podrían ser relevantes en la salud de los adolescentes, las intervenciones de salud pública son necesarias en España.

La conducta de larvas de Drosophila (Diptera; Drosophilidae: su etología, desarrollo, genética y evolución The behavior of Drosophila larvae: their ethology, development, genetics and evolution

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RAÚL GODOY-HERRERA

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo, en honor al Profesor Doctor Danko Brncic Juricic (Q.E.P.D., es una revisión de nuestras contribuciones sobre la etología, desarrollo, genética y evolución de patrones de conducta de larvas de Drosophila. Se discute el desarrollo de conductas larvales de forrajeo y sus bases hereditarias. También se discuten estrategias de investigación dirigidas a entender las relaciones entre genotipo y conducta durante el desarrollo de los organismos. Se relacionan patrones de desarrollo de conductas larvales con la filogenia de las especies del grupo mesophragmatica de Drosophila. Finalmente, se distingue entre evolución de elementos de conducta simple y evolución de conductas complejasThis is a review about our contributions in ethology, development, genetics, and evolution of larval behavioral patterns of Drosophila in honor of the late Professor Doctor Danko Brncic Juricic. The developmental behavioral genetics of larval foraging and pupation of Drosophila are discussed. It is also emphasized the importance of research strategies lead to understand properly the relationships between genotype and behavior during development of the organisms. Finally, a comparison between phylogenetic relationships of six Drosophila species of the mesophragmatica group and their developmental patterns of larval behaviors is provided

Defy or ally : Neuroendocrine regulation of human socio-emotional behavior

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hermans, E.J.

2006-01-01

Evolution has created a human brain that is characterized by a layered, hierarchical organization. These superimposed layers have gradually evolved to generate ever more complex forms of socio-emotional behavior. The present thesis centers on the neurobiological substrates that generate this

Effects of cigarette smoking on human aggressive behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Cherek, D R

1984-01-01

Nicotine administered by smoking experimental cigarettes produced decreases in two types of aggressive responses elicited by low and high frequency subtractions of money which were attributed to another "person". The suppressing effects of smoking different doses of nicotine on aggressive responses was dose-dependent, in that smoking the high dose of nicotine produced more suppression than smoking the low dose. The ostensible subtraction of money from another "person", the more aggressive response option available to research subjects, was generally more sensitive to the suppressing effects of nicotine than aggressive noise delivery responses. Although this effect could be attributed to another constituent of tobacco, the dose-dependent effect observed with these cigarettes which contained the same amount of tar suggest the effects are due to nicotine. The relatively selective suppression of aggressive behavior observed in humans in the present study is highly consistent with the effects of nicotine observed in a number of infrahuman species. Nicotine has been found to suppress aggressive behavior in ants (Kostowski 1968), rats (Silverman 1971), and cats (Berntson et. al. 1976). In addition, nicotine has been observed to suppress shock elicited fighting in rats (Driscoll, Baettig 1981; Rodgers 1979; Waldbillig 1980) as well as shock elicited biting in monkeys (Hutchinson, Emley 1973). The importance of determining specificity of drug action on aggressive behavior has been repeatedly emphasized in the field of behavioral pharmacology (Sidman 1959; Cook, Kelleher 1963; Thompson, Boren 1977; Miczek, Krsiak 1979). One method employed to evaluate drug specificity and identify a general non-specific excitatory or depressant drug effect is to determine the drug effect on more than one response option which is available to the subject (Sidman 1959). In this study, the same doses of nicotine which suppressed aggressive responding increased nonaggressive monetary

The ongoing evolution of humanness: perspectives from Darwin to de Chardin

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J. S. Buckeridge

2010-02-01

Full Text Available The nature of humanness is discussed from observations made by Aristotle in 4th-century Greece, through to those of Charles Darwin, Teilhard de Chardin and William Shakespeare. Attempts to define humanness upon a narrow range of criteria, as some have tried, is argued as flawed, for humanness is more elusive than a single or a few demonstrated phenomena. The path that Darwin pursued in determining the place of humans in nature in his book The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is assessed from a 19thcentury perspective; the difficulties he faced, both personally and with the broader public, are reviewed and then evaluated in a modern context. Darwin’s thesis adheres to scientific principles, and is debated, defended and later verified on these principles. This is somewhat at variance to the approach adopted by the priest-scientist de Chardin a century later in his major work, The Phenomenon of Man—in which an attempt is made to reconcile a deep Christian faith with science. De Chardin scores well from a theological viewpoint, but fails on scientific grounds as his thesis moves beyond the realms of empiricism into mysticism. Surprisingly, de Chardin’s predicament of a future wherein human evolution enters a new stage of consciousness through the noosphere (an invisible layer of thought encompassing the globe has been partially realised through the worldwide web, although the nature of the web is almost certainly not what de Chardin might have anticipated, or desired. Science too fails to answer all, particularly the nature of God. Darwin considered the Creator in several of his works and does not dismiss the concept of a farseeing deity, although we are left with the notion that he died agnostic. Humanness is derived from an elevated moral code and this is reflected in our arts, particularly literature, wherein we may temporally reflect upon quintessential human traits such as mercy. However, expression of the arts is only

A emergência da noção de comportamento simbólico em neuropsicopatologia The emergence of the notion of symbolic behavior in neuropsychopathology

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Danilo Saretta Verissimo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, apresentamos a noção de comportamento simbólico conforme estudos em neuropsicopatologia das primeiras décadas do século passado realizados, particularmente, no seio de investigações sobre as afasias. Tomamos como eixo condutor a presença da noção em questão na primeira obra de Merleau-Ponty, "A estrutura do comportamento". Com base nas pesquisas de Gelb e Goldstein, o filósofo apropria-se da semântica do símbolo e caracteriza a corporalidade humana a partir da sua capacidade de ultrapassar o caráter imediato das situações vividas. Mostramos, ainda, que a circunscrição do comportamento simbólico esteve condicionada a mudanças teórico-metodológicas que tornaram possível a passagem de concepções localizacionistas a atitudes globalistas diante dos eventos patológicos de origem cerebral.In this article, we present the notion of symbolic behavior in accordance with neuropsychopathology research from the first decades of the past century, carried out particularly in the context of aphasia research. The guiding axis was the presence of this notion in the first work by Merleau-Ponty, "The structure of behavior". Based on research by Gelb and Goldstein, the philosopher takes ownership of the semantics of the symbolic and characterizes human corporality based on its capacity to move beyond the immediate nature of the experienced situations. We also show that the circumscription of symbolic behavior was conditioned by theoretical-methodological changes that permitted the passage from localizationist conceptions to globalist attitudes in view of pathological events of cerebral origin.

Developing Autonomous Vehicles That Learn to Navigate by Mimicking Human Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

2006-09-28

navigate in an unstructured environment to a specific target or location. 15. SUBJECT TERMS autonomous vehicles , fuzzy logic, learning behavior...ANSI-Std Z39-18 Developing Autonomous Vehicles That Learn to Navigate by Mimicking Human Behavior FINAL REPORT 9/28/2006 Dean B. Edwards Department...the future, as greater numbers of autonomous vehicles are employed, it is hoped that lower LONG-TERM GOALS Use LAGR (Learning Applied to Ground Robots

Modeling the exergy behavior of human body

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keutenedjian Mady, Carlos Eduardo; Silva Ferreira, Maurício; Itizo Yanagihara, Jurandir; Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo; Oliveira Junior, Silvio de

2012-01-01

Exergy analysis is applied to assess the energy conversion processes that take place in the human body, aiming at developing indicators of health and performance based on the concepts of exergy destroyed rate and exergy efficiency. The thermal behavior of the human body is simulated by a model composed of 15 cylinders with elliptical cross section representing: head, neck, trunk, arms, forearms, hands, thighs, legs, and feet. For each, a combination of tissues is considered. The energy equation is solved for each cylinder, being possible to obtain transitory response from the body due to a variation in environmental conditions. With this model, it is possible to obtain heat and mass flow rates to the environment due to radiation, convection, evaporation and respiration. The exergy balances provide the exergy variation due to heat and mass exchange over the body, and the exergy variation over time for each compartments tissue and blood, the sum of which leads to the total variation of the body. Results indicate that exergy destroyed and exergy efficiency decrease over lifespan and the human body is more efficient and destroys less exergy in lower relative humidities and higher temperatures. -- Highlights: ► In this article it is indicated an overview of the human thermal model. ► It is performed the energy and exergy analysis of the human body. ► Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency decreases with lifespan. ► Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency are a function of environmental conditions.

Análisis del comportamiento mecánico en una sección de la aorta // Mechanical behavior analysis in an aorta section

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A. González-Martin

2009-05-01

Full Text Available La importancia social de las enfermedades arteriales motiva el interés en desarrollar estudios sobreel comportamiento mecánico de las paredes arteriales que aporten información para la prácticamédica, ya que estas enfermedades están fuertemente relacionadas con factores mecánicos comoson los estados de deformación y tensión. El presente trabajo ofrece una metodología para analizarel comportamiento mecánico de una arteria (la aorta. Dicho análisis parte de una geometría realconstruida a partir de imágenes médicas. En la formulación del modelo de elementos finitos seescogió un material con comportamiento no-lineal, con grandes deformaciones, hiperelástico, nohomogéneoy ortótropico. A la hora de analizar los resultados logrados y compararlos con losresultados obtenidos por otros autores no es posible establecer una comparación debido a losdiferentes métodos de ensayo empleados por distintos autores y la dificultad en laexperimentación en arterias humanas, solo es posible establecer zonas criticas en las cuales sepresente algún tipo de enfermedad arterial.Palabras claves: aorta, modelación, elementos finitos (EF, hiperelásticidad.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe social importance of the arterial illnesses motivates the interest in developing studies on themechanical behavior of the arterial walls. The medical practice has pointed that these illnesses arestrongly related with mechanical factors, such as states of deformation and tension as other relatedparameters. The present work offers a methodology to analyze the mechanical behavior of anartery (the aorta. This analysis uses a real geometry model that has been built based on medicalimages. In the formulation of the finite elements model the material has been considered with ano-linear behavior, with big deformations, hyperplasic, no-homogeneous and orthotropic. It is notpossible to establish comparisons between the

Drug use and antisocial behavior among adolescents attending public schools in Brazil Uso de drogas e comportamento antissocial entre adolescentes de escolas públicas no Brasil

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Fernanda Lüdke Nardi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Drug use is a social and a public health problem that has been related with antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between drug use and antisocial behavior among adolescents attending public schools in Brazil. METHOD: A total of 7,176 adolescents from low-income neighborhoods and public schools aged 14 to 19 years were assessed in five geographical regions in Brazil. Data on biosociodemographic characteristics and on drug use and antisocial behavior were assessed from complete answers to a national survey on risk and protective factors among adolescents. RESULTS: Over 80% of the adolescents who used alcohol and cigarettes were between 14 and 17 years old. The percentage of participants with antisocial behaviors was significantly higher among users of marijuana, cocaine, or crack than among adolescents who were not drug users. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention programs aimed at reducing substance use might help to decrease antisocial behaviors.INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de drogas é um problema social e de saúde pública que tem sido relacionado a comportamentos antissociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre uso de drogas e comportamento antissocial em adolescentes de escolas públicas no Brasil. MÉTODO: No total, 7.176 jovens com idades entre 14 e 19 anos estudantes de escolas públicas das cinco regiões geográficas do Brasil foram avaliados. Foram utilizados dados biossociodemográficos e sobre uso de drogas e comportamento antissocial obtidos na Pesquisa Nacional sobre Fatores de Risco e Proteção da Juventude Brasileira. RESULTADOS: Mais de 80% dos adolescentes que fizeram uso de bebidas alcoólicas e cigarro tinham entre 14 e 17 anos. O percentual de pacientes com comportamento antissocial foi significativamente maior entre usuários de maconha, cocaína ou crack do que entre adolescentes não usuários. CONCLUSÕES: Programas de prevenção direcionados à redução do uso de subst

Combining human and machine intelligence to derive agents' behavioral rules for groundwater irrigation

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Yao; Quinn, Christopher J.; Cai, Ximing; Garfinkle, Noah W.

2017-11-01

For agent-based modeling, the major challenges in deriving agents' behavioral rules arise from agents' bounded rationality and data scarcity. This study proposes a "gray box" approach to address the challenge by incorporating expert domain knowledge (i.e., human intelligence) with machine learning techniques (i.e., machine intelligence). Specifically, we propose using directed information graph (DIG), boosted regression trees (BRT), and domain knowledge to infer causal factors and identify behavioral rules from data. A case study is conducted to investigate farmers' pumping behavior in the Midwest, U.S.A. Results show that four factors identified by the DIG algorithm- corn price, underlying groundwater level, monthly mean temperature and precipitation- have main causal influences on agents' decisions on monthly groundwater irrigation depth. The agent-based model is then developed based on the behavioral rules represented by three DIGs and modeled by BRTs, and coupled with a physically-based groundwater model to investigate the impacts of agents' pumping behavior on the underlying groundwater system in the context of coupled human and environmental systems.

Comportamento no trânsito entre estudantes de medicina Traffic behavior of medical students

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Daniel Colicchio

2010-01-01

educativos capazes de produzir mudança efetiva de atitude dos estudantes.OBJECTIVES: To study the traffic behavior of medical students comparing current patterns with those observed in a study previously carried out in the same institution. METHODS: Standard questionnaires were completed by a sample of regularly registered medical students of the " Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo", Brazil, to collect data regarding demographic and economic information and also traffic behavior and accident involvement. Results were compared to those obtained in a similar investigation done in 1997. RESULTS: In 2008, 354 students were interviewed and 377 in 1997. Of all, 431 (59% had driven right after alcohol ingestion and 21.5% of them had driven under severe influence of alcohol. while 10.5% referred to participation in "street races", with a large difference between genders (12.5% of men and 3.4% of women. Involvement in accidents with victims, fatal or not, was reported by 19.2% of participants. This percentage reached 31.1% among those who had driven under severe influence of alcohol and 42.9% among those who participated in "street races". The 2008 study showed increased use of helmets and seat belts in urban areas, as well as reduction of alcohol consumption before driving. On the other hand, it disclosed less continuous compliance with traffic lights. CONCLUSION: Risky traffic behavior was found to be very frequent among these participants directly involved in accidents with victims. Since this is a distinctive segment of the population, that is aware and has direct contact with the consequences of traffic accidents, we would hope to find a lower incidence of such high risk behavior. Information provided by this investigation should lead to a reflection from the academic community intending to introduce educational programs to effectively change student behavior.

Relação entre consumo de drogas e comportamento sexual de estudantes de 2o grau de São Paulo Relationship between drug consumption and sexual behavior among high school students of São Paulo

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Sandra Scivoletto

1999-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar a relação entre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e o comportamento sexual de estudantes de uma escola pública de segundo grau na cidade de São Paulo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram colhidos 689 questionários, que foram respondidos por alunos com idades entre 13 e 21 anos. Os questionários continham questões sobre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e comportamento sexual. Assim, comparou-se as diferenças de comportamento sexual entre os usuários e os não usuários de drogas. RESULTADOS: Os usuários de drogas ilícitas (n=366 referiram: maior história de relação sexual completa: 80,8% dos usuários contra 57,6% dos não usuários (n=305, (pOBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between drug consumption and sexual behavior in a population of high school students attending a public school in the city of São Paulo. METHOD: Questionnaires (a total of 689 were gathered from students with ages between 14 and 21 years old who responded to this study. The questionnaires contained questions about the consumption of psychoative substances and sexual behavior. Then, sexual behavior was compared for differences between drug users and non-users. RESULTS: Illicit drug users (n=366 demonstrated a higher prevalence of complete sexual intercourse: 80,8% of users versus 57,6% of non-users (n=305, p<0,0001; earlier initiation of sexual activity (on average 15,2 years in users versus 15,7 in non-users, p<0,005; more payments for sexual acts (31,1% of users versus 15% of non-users, p<0,001; and a trend toward lesser usage of condoms (56,8% of users versus 65,3% of non-users, p<0,10. The results also were similar when we studied each type of drug separately and the associaton of different types of drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of drug use was not related to sexual behavior. Alcohol and cannabis were the drugs most associated with sexual risk behavior. Crack use was associated with earlier initiation of sexual activity.

Predição do comportamento térmico de tubos compósitos através de redes neurais Prediction of thermal behavior of composite tubes using neural networks

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Sheila Contant

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Compósitos poliméricos (plásticos reforçados são materiais formados a partir de um reforço (fase descontínua, normalmente uma fibra e uma matriz polimérica. Esse tipo de material apresenta várias vantagens em relação aos materiais convencionais de engenharia. Entre os métodos de fabricação de compósitos poliméricos está o filament winding (filamento contínuo ou enrolamento filamentar, um processo empregado na fabricação de sólidos de revolução, como tubos e tanques. Neste trabalho, redes neurais artificiais, uma ferramenta computacional inspirada no funcionamento do cérebro humano, foram aplicadas ao processo de filament winding para predição do comportamento térmico de tubos compósitos durante a etapa de cura. Informações sobre o comportamento térmico das peças compósitas podem auxiliar na seleção do ciclo de cura, que é um dos desafios na obtenção de peças de qualidade e a um baixo custo. As redes neurais foram treinadas com dados obtidos através do modelo Lee-Springer. A metodologia foi validada com resultados experimentais da literatura.Polymeric composites or reinforced plastics are materials made with a polymer matrix and a reinforcement. These materials have many advantages when compared to conventional engineering materials. Among the manufacturing methods for composite parts from continuous fiber reinforcement is the filament winding, often used to fabricate closed-surface structures such as tubes and tanks. In this work artificial neural networks, a computational tool inspired in the human brain, were applied in the filament winding process to predict the thermal behavior of composite tubes during the curing step. Information about the thermal behavior of composite parts may help in the selection of the appropriate cure cycle, which is one of the challenges in obtaining quality parts at low cost. Networks were trained with data obtained with the Lee-Springer model. The methodology was validated

Smartphone-based human activity recognition

OpenAIRE

Reyes Ortiz, Jorge Luis

2014-01-01

Cotutela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i Università degli Studi di Genova Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a multidisciplinary research field that aims to gather data regarding people's behavior and their interaction with the environment in order to deliver valuable context-aware information. It has nowadays contributed to develop human-centered areas of study such as Ambient Intelligence and Ambient Assisted Living, which concentrate on the improvement of people's Quality of Lif...

Problemas Comportamentales y Sucesos de Vida en Niños de 6 a 11 Años de Edad Behavioral Problems and Life Events in 6 to 11 Years Old Children

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Virginia Corina Samaniego

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Desde la epidemiología la relación entre sucesos de vida y trastornos psíquicos infantiles no es tan clara. El rol etiológico directo asignado a los eventos vitales podría reducirse al considerar los niveles de problemas previos a los eventos. Se examinó en una muestra de población general de niños de 6 a 11 años (N = 69 la asociación entre sucesos de vida y cambios en el grado de problemas comportamentales. Los sucesos fueron predictores del nivel actual de problemas comportamentales, siendo un hallazgo estadísticamente significativo. Sin embargo, al incluir el nivel de problemas previo a los eventos ese efecto se redujo y fue el nivel inicial de problemas el mejor predictor. Los resultados dan soporte a la hipótesis en estudio.From an epidemiological perspective the relationship between life events and psychological disorders in children is not so clear. The direct etiological role given to life events might be diminish when considering the level of psychological disorders previous to the events. The association among life events and changes in the level of behavioral and emotional problems in a general sample of 6-11 years old children (N = 69 was investigated. Life events predicted the actual level of behavioral problems. However, when including the initial level of problems the life events effect lessened. The initial level of behavioral problems was the better predictor of the actual level. The findings give support to the hypothesis under study.

Counseling Children and Adolescents: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Humanism.

Science.gov (United States)

Vernon, Ann

1996-01-01

Describes specific parallels between rational emotive behavior therapy and humanism. Places specific emphasis on the application of these principles with children and adolescents. Concepts are illustrated with case studies and a description of the similarities between rational emotive and humanistic, or affective, education. Highlights emotional…

Intelligent Systems Approach for Automated Identification of Individual Control Behavior of a Human Operator

Science.gov (United States)

Zaychik, Kirill B.; Cardullo, Frank M.

2012-01-01

Results have been obtained using conventional techniques to model the generic human operator?s control behavior, however little research has been done to identify an individual based on control behavior. The hypothesis investigated is that different operators exhibit different control behavior when performing a given control task. Two enhancements to existing human operator models, which allow personalization of the modeled control behavior, are presented. One enhancement accounts for the testing control signals, which are introduced by an operator for more accurate control of the system and/or to adjust the control strategy. This uses the Artificial Neural Network which can be fine-tuned to model the testing control. Another enhancement takes the form of an equiripple filter which conditions the control system power spectrum. A novel automated parameter identification technique was developed to facilitate the identification process of the parameters of the selected models. This utilizes a Genetic Algorithm based optimization engine called the Bit-Climbing Algorithm. Enhancements were validated using experimental data obtained from three different sources: the Manual Control Laboratory software experiments, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle simulation, and NASA Langley Research Center Visual Motion Simulator studies. This manuscript also addresses applying human operator models to evaluate the effectiveness of motion feedback when simulating actual pilot control behavior in a flight simulator.

O que é comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares em adolescentes? What is adolescents' eating disorder risk behavior?

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Greisse Viero da Silva Leal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Caracterizar comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares (TA e sua frequência entre adolescentes em uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica por meio de uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados PubMed (US National Library of Medicinee Lilacs e no portal SciELO,utilizando-se os descritores relacionados à "eating disorder risk behavior". Foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, e especificamente com adolescentes. Foram avaliados 76 artigos e analisados a nomenclatura e os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar comportamento de risco para TA e sua prevalência. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma série de termos para avaliar risco para TA. A metodologia mais utilizada foi a de questionários e escalas, destacando-se o EAT-26 ou 40 e o BITE, dentre os mais frequentes; a prevalência de risco variou de 0,24% a 58,4%. CONCLUSÃO: Diferentes nomenclaturas e instrumentos são utilizados para avaliar comportamento de risco para TA entre adolescentes, com grande amplitude nos resultados de prevalência. Maior padronização de termos e metodologia de avaliação permitiriam melhor comparação entre estudos epidemiológicos em diferentes localidades.OBJECTIVE: To characterize eating disorder (ED risk behavior and its prevalence among adolescents in a review of national and international literature. METHODS: We carried out an integrative review on PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Lilacs and SciELO, using descriptors related to "eating disorder risk behavior". Articles published in the last 10 years, in Portuguese, Spanish and English, and specifically with adolescents were selected. The nomenclature and instruments used to assess eating disorder risk behaviors and its frequency were evaluated and analyzed in 76 articles. RESULTS: Several terms to assess ED risk behavior were found; questionnaires and scales

Creencias sobre los derechos humanos en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima (Beliefs about human rights in college students in Lima

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Gissela Vilchez Choquehuayta

2014-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo explorar el nivel de información y las creencias sobre los derechos humanos en dos grupos de estudiantes universitarios de una universidad privada de Lima. Un grupo asistió a un curso de Ética y Ciudadanía en el que se abordó temas relativos a los derechos humanos y el otro grupo no. Mediante un cuestionario y entrevistas se exploró la información y creencias de los estudiantes sobre la utilidad e importancia de los derechos humanos, el respeto y las violaciones a los mismos y su percepción sobre el curso de Ética y Ciudadanía. La investigación muestra una clara diferencia entre los grupos con respecto a la utilidad e importancia que le atribuyen a los derechos humanos dentro de la formación profesional. Sin embargo, se identificó también, que ambos grupos presentan dificultades en el nivel de información y ciertos prejuicios acerca del papel que la educación, en derechos humanos, tiene para su desarrollo como profesionales y ciudadanos. El artículo aborda las implicancias de estos hallazgos para el cambio de creencias y la educación en este tema. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore the level of information and beliefs about human rights among two groups of college students of a private university in Lima city. One group took the course of «Ethics and Citizenship», here they spoke about human right issues, while the other did not. Through interviews and a questionnaire, students’ beliefs were explored in three areas: a beliefs about thevalue and importance of human rights; b beliefs about respect for human rights and human rights violations; c perception of the course «Ethics and Citizenship». The research shows a clear difference between the groups in terms of the importance andusefulness attributed to human rights as part of their professional training. However, it was identified that in both groups there are some problems at the level of

Dynamical Integration of Language and Behavior in a Recurrent Neural Network for Human--Robot Interaction

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Tatsuro Yamada

2016-07-01

Full Text Available To work cooperatively with humans by using language, robots must not only acquire a mapping between language and their behavior but also autonomously utilize the mapping in appropriate contexts of interactive tasks online. To this end, we propose a novel learning method linking language to robot behavior by means of a recurrent neural network. In this method, the network learns from correct examples of the imposed task that are given not as explicitly separated sets of language and behavior but as sequential data constructed from the actual temporal flow of the task. By doing this, the internal dynamics of the network models both language--behavior relationships and the temporal patterns of interaction. Here, ``internal dynamics'' refers to the time development of the system defined on the fixed-dimensional space of the internal states of the context layer. Thus, in the execution phase, by constantly representing where in the interaction context it is as its current state, the network autonomously switches between recognition and generation phases without any explicit signs and utilizes the acquired mapping in appropriate contexts. To evaluate our method, we conducted an experiment in which a robot generates appropriate behavior responding to a human's linguistic instruction. After learning, the network actually formed the attractor structure representing both language--behavior relationships and the task's temporal pattern in its internal dynamics. In the dynamics, language--behavior mapping was achieved by the branching structure. Repetition of human's instruction and robot's behavioral response was represented as the cyclic structure, and besides, waiting to a subsequent instruction was represented as the fixed-point attractor. Thanks to this structure, the robot was able to interact online with a human concerning the given task by autonomously switching phases.

Dynamical Integration of Language and Behavior in a Recurrent Neural Network for Human-Robot Interaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, Tatsuro; Murata, Shingo; Arie, Hiroaki; Ogata, Tetsuya

2016-01-01

To work cooperatively with humans by using language, robots must not only acquire a mapping between language and their behavior but also autonomously utilize the mapping in appropriate contexts of interactive tasks online. To this end, we propose a novel learning method linking language to robot behavior by means of a recurrent neural network. In this method, the network learns from correct examples of the imposed task that are given not as explicitly separated sets of language and behavior but as sequential data constructed from the actual temporal flow of the task. By doing this, the internal dynamics of the network models both language-behavior relationships and the temporal patterns of interaction. Here, "internal dynamics" refers to the time development of the system defined on the fixed-dimensional space of the internal states of the context layer. Thus, in the execution phase, by constantly representing where in the interaction context it is as its current state, the network autonomously switches between recognition and generation phases without any explicit signs and utilizes the acquired mapping in appropriate contexts. To evaluate our method, we conducted an experiment in which a robot generates appropriate behavior responding to a human's linguistic instruction. After learning, the network actually formed the attractor structure representing both language-behavior relationships and the task's temporal pattern in its internal dynamics. In the dynamics, language-behavior mapping was achieved by the branching structure. Repetition of human's instruction and robot's behavioral response was represented as the cyclic structure, and besides, waiting to a subsequent instruction was represented as the fixed-point attractor. Thanks to this structure, the robot was able to interact online with a human concerning the given task by autonomously switching phases.

Human behavior understanding for assisted living by means of hierarchical context free grammars

Science.gov (United States)

Rosani, A.; Conci, N.; De Natale, F. G. B.

2014-03-01

Human behavior understanding has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields over the last years. Recognizing behaviors with sufficient accuracy from sensors analysis is still an unsolved problem, because of many reasons, including the low accuracy of the data, differences in the human behaviors as well as the gap between low-level sensors data and high-level scene semantics. In this context, an application that is attracting the interest of both public and industrial entities is the possibility to allow elderly or physically impaired people conducting a normal life at home. Ambient intelligence (AmI) technologies, intended as the possibility of automatically detecting and reacting to the status of the environment and of the persons, is probably the major enabling factor for the achievement of such an ambitious objective. AmI technologies require suitable networks of sensors and actuators, as well as adequate processing and communication technologies. In this paper we propose a solution based on context free grammars for human behavior understanding with an application to assisted living. First, the grammars of the different actions performed by a person in his/her daily life are discovered. Then, a longterm analysis of the behavior is used to generate a control grammar, taking care of the context when an action is performed, and adding semantics. The proposed framework is tested on a dataset acquired in a real environment and compared with state of the art methods already available for the problem considered.

Un estudio de las necesidades de información, hábitos y características de investigadores en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales A study of the information needs, habits and characteristics of Humanities and Social Science Researchers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irene Münster

2003-06-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio fue elaborado con el propósito de entender e identificar las necesidades, el proceso de búsqueda de información, las características y los hábitos de los investigadores en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de San Andrés (UdeSA; su conducta informativa se analiza tanto en la biblioteca como a través del uso de los servicios que ésta les ofrece; además se evaluaron posibles diferencias entre las necesidades de información de los profesores de los países anglosajones y los de Argentina, tomando como objeto de estudio al profesorado de esa Universidad. Por lo tanto, se ponen a consideración los resultados de una encuesta realizada, de la que se adjunta el formulario, con el fin de detectar sus necesidades de información.The present study was conducted to understand and identify the characteristics, needs, and habits of researchers from Humanities and Social Sciences at the Universidad de San Andrés (UdeSA. Their information behavior is analyzed at the library, as well as through their use of the services that the library offers them. Differences between the information needs of Anglo Saxon and Argentinian professors were also studied, taking as objects for study the UdeSA faculty. The results of the survey are presented, as well as its questionnaire, with the aim of identifying information needs.

Intelligent systems approach for automated identification of individual control behavior of a human operator

Science.gov (United States)

Zaychik, Kirill B.

Acceptable results have been obtained using conventional techniques to model the generic human operator's control behavior. However, little research has been done in an attempt to identify an individual based on his/her control behavior. The main hypothesis investigated in this dissertation is that different operators exhibit different control behavior when performing a given control task. Furthermore, inter-person differences are manifested in the amplitude and frequency content of the non-linear component of the control behavior. Two enhancements to the existing models of the human operator, which allow personalization of the modeled control behavior, are presented in this dissertation. One of the proposed enhancements accounts for the "testing" control signals, which are introduced by an operator for more accurate control of the system and/or to adjust his/her control strategy. Such enhancement uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which can be fine-tuned to model the "testing" control behavior of a given individual. The other model enhancement took the form of an equiripple filter (EF), which conditions the power spectrum of the control signal before it is passed through the plant dynamics block. The filter design technique uses Parks-McClellan algorithm, which allows parameterization of the desired levels of power at certain frequencies. A novel automated parameter identification technique (APID) was developed to facilitate the identification process of the parameters of the selected models of the human operator. APID utilizes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization engine called the Bit-climbing Algorithm (BCA). Proposed model enhancements were validated using the experimental data obtained at three different sources: the Manual Control Laboratory software experiments, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle simulation, and NASA Langley Research Center Visual Motion Simulator studies. Validation analysis involves comparison of the actual and simulated control

Human artificial chromosomes with alpha satellite-based de novo centromeres show increased frequency of nondisjunction and anaphase lag.

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Rudd, M Katharine; Mays, Robert W; Schwartz, Stuart; Willard, Huntington F

2003-11-01

Human artificial chromosomes have been used to model requirements for human chromosome segregation and to explore the nature of sequences competent for centromere function. Normal human centromeres require specialized chromatin that consists of alpha satellite DNA complexed with epigenetically modified histones and centromere-specific proteins. While several types of alpha satellite DNA have been used to assemble de novo centromeres in artificial chromosome assays, the extent to which they fully recapitulate normal centromere function has not been explored. Here, we have used two kinds of alpha satellite DNA, DXZ1 (from the X chromosome) and D17Z1 (from chromosome 17), to generate human artificial chromosomes. Although artificial chromosomes are mitotically stable over many months in culture, when we examined their segregation in individual cell divisions using an anaphase assay, artificial chromosomes exhibited more segregation errors than natural human chromosomes (P artificial chromosomes missegregate over a fivefold range, the data suggest that variable centromeric DNA content and/or epigenetic assembly can influence the mitotic behavior of artificial chromosomes.

Explicit instructions and consolidation promote rewiring of automatic behaviors in the human mind.

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Szegedi-Hallgató, Emese; Janacsek, Karolina; Vékony, Teodóra; Tasi, Lia Andrea; Kerepes, Leila; Hompoth, Emőke Adrienn; Bálint, Anna; Németh, Dezső

2017-06-29

One major challenge in human behavior and brain sciences is to understand how we can rewire already existing perceptual, motor, cognitive, and social skills or habits. Here we aimed to characterize one aspect of rewiring, namely, how we can update our knowledge of sequential/statistical regularities when they change. The dynamics of rewiring was explored from learning to consolidation using a unique experimental design which is suitable to capture the effect of implicit and explicit processing and the proactive and retroactive interference. Our results indicate that humans can rewire their knowledge of such regularities incidentally, and consolidation has a critical role in this process. Moreover, old and new knowledge can coexist, leading to effective adaptivity of the human mind in the changing environment, although the execution of the recently acquired knowledge may be more fluent than the execution of the previously learned one. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive processes underlying behavior change, and can provide insights into how we can boost behavior change in various contexts, such as sports, educational settings or psychotherapy.

Denying humanness to others: a newly discovered mechanism by which violent video games increase aggressive behavior.

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Greitemeyer, Tobias; McLatchie, Neil

2011-05-01

Past research has provided abundant evidence that playing violent video games increases aggressive behavior. So far, these effects have been explained mainly as the result of priming existing knowledge structures. The research reported here examined the role of denying humanness to other people in accounting for the effect that playing a violent video game has on aggressive behavior. In two experiments, we found that playing violent video games increased dehumanization, which in turn evoked aggressive behavior. Thus, it appears that video-game-induced aggressive behavior is triggered when victimizers perceive the victim to be less human.

Antisocial behavior and alcohol consumption by school adolescents Conducta antisocial y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes escolares Conduta anti-social e consumo de álcool em adolescentes escolares

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Karla Selene López García

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Adolescence is a vulnerable period and facilitates the start of risk behaviors, for instance the use of drugs. This study aims to describe the differences between antisocial behavior and alcohol consumption according to gender, age and education; as well as to discover the relation between antisocial behavior and alcohol consumption in 1,221 school adolescents from Monterrey - Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The findings reveal differences in antisocial behavior according to gender. Evidences showed that 41.3% of the students had consumed alcohol at sometime in their lives, and that differences exist in alcohol consumption according to age and education. Finally, the study found positive and significant relations between antisocial behavior and alcohol consumption (r s = .272, p La adolescencia se convierte en una etapa de vulnerabilidad y facilitador para el inicio de conductas de riesgo como es el consumo de drogas. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: describir las diferencias de la conducta antisocial y consumo de alcohol según sexo, edad y escolaridad; conocer la relación existente de la conducta antisocial con el consumo de alcohol en 1221 adolescentes escolares de Monterrey, Nuevo Léon, México, en relación a los hallazgos encontrados se presentan diferencias de la conducta antisocial por sexo; se destaca que 41.3% de los estudiantes consumieron alcohol alguna vez en su vida, y existen diferencias de consumo de alcohol por edad y escolaridad. Finalmente se encontró relación positiva y significativa de la conducta antisocial con el consumo de alcohol (r s=.272, pA adolescência se apresenta como uma etapa de vulnerabilidade e facilitadora para o início de condutas de risco como o consumo de drogas. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: descrever as diferenças entre sexo, idade e escolaridade na conduta anti-social e o consumo de álcool e conhecer a relação existente entre a conduta anti-social e o consumo de álcool em 1221

Evaluation of the health promotion behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus Evaluación del comportamiento de promoción de la salud en portadores de diabetes mellitus Avaliação do comportamento de promoção da saúde em portadores de diabetes mellitus

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Francisca Aline Arrais Sampaio

2008-03-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health promotion behavior of diabetic patients in agreement with the indicators of the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 84 diabetic patients followed in a Basic Health Unit, using the NOC scale for health promotion behavior. RESULTS: Among the appraised indicators, the use of social support for health promotion and the development of health behaviors presented median OBJETIVO: Evaluar el comportamiento de promoción de la salud de portadores de diabetes de acuerdo a los indicadores de la Clasificación de los Resultados de Enfermería (NOC. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con 84 diabéticos de una Unidad Básica de Salud, siendo utilizada la escala NOC para el comportamiento de promoción de la salud. RESULTADOS: De los indicadores evaluados, el uso de apoyo social para la promoción de la salud y el desempeño de hábitos de salud presentaron mediana OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento de promoção da saúde de portadores de diabetes de acordo com os indicadores da Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem (NOC. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal realizado com 84 diabéticos acompanhados numa Unidade Básica de Saúde, sendo utilizada a escala NOC para o comportamento de promoção da saúde. RESULTADOS: Dentre os indicadores avaliados, o uso de apoio social para promoção da saúde e o desempenho de hábitos de saúde apresentaram mediana < 2. O comportamento de promoção da saúde apresentou mediana = 3. CONCLUSÃO: Os diabéticos apresentam limitações quanto à prática de comportamento de promoção de saúde.

T-pattern analysis for the study of temporal structure of animal and human behavior: a comprehensive review.

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Casarrubea, M; Jonsson, G K; Faulisi, F; Sorbera, F; Di Giovanni, G; Benigno, A; Crescimanno, G; Magnusson, M S

2015-01-15

A basic tenet in the realm of modern behavioral sciences is that behavior consists of patterns in time. For this reason, investigations of behavior deal with sequences that are not easily perceivable by the unaided observer. This problem calls for improved means of detection, data handling and analysis. This review focuses on the analysis of the temporal structure of behavior carried out by means of a multivariate approach known as T-pattern analysis. Using this technique, recurring sequences of behavioral events, usually hard to detect, can be unveiled and carefully described. T-pattern analysis has been successfully applied in the study of various aspects of human or animal behavior such as behavioral modifications in neuro-psychiatric diseases, route-tracing stereotypy in mice, interaction between human subjects and animal or artificial agents, hormonal-behavioral interactions, patterns of behavior associated with emesis and, in our laboratories, exploration and anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. After describing the theory and concepts of T-pattern analysis, this review will focus on the application of the analysis to the study of the temporal characteristics of behavior in different species from rodents to human beings. This work could represent a useful background for researchers who intend to employ such a refined multivariate approach to the study of behavior. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

La infección por el virus del papiloma humano, un posible marcador biológico de comportamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios Human papillomavirus infection is a possible biological marker of sexual behavior among university students

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Miguel A Sánchez-Alemán

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH en estudiantes universitarios y utilizar dicha frecuencia como un marcador biológico para evaluar el comportamiento sexual. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, México, durante el periodo 2000-2001. Se aplicó un cuestionario y se colectaron muestras genitales para detectar ADN de los VPH oncogénicos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando pruebas de Ji cuadrada y razones de momios. Resultados. La prevalencia global del VPH en 194 estudiantes fue de 14.4%. Las mujeres con dos o más parejas sexuales durante el último año presentaron mayor riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 6.0 IC 1.7-21.1, al igual que las que utilizaron anticonceptivos hormonales y espermicidas en su última relación sexual (RM 3.0 IC 1.0-8.7. Los hombres que consumieron cocaína tuvieron más riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 7.6 IC 1.3-45.1. Conclusiones. La prevalencia del VPH es relativamente alta. La utilización del VPH como un marcador biológico de comportamientos sexuales en mujeres es pertinente; en hombres, es necesario ampliar la muestra.Objective. To estimate the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV among university students and to use it as a biological marker to assess sexual behavior. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2000 and 2001 among 194 students at Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Mexico. A data collection instrument was applied and genital samples were taken to detect oncogenic HPV DNA. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and odds ratios. Results. Overall HPV prevalence was 14.4%. Women who had had two or more sexual partners during the previous year showed a greater risk of HPV infection (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.7-21.1, as did women who had used oral contraceptives and spermicides at their latest intercourse (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1

Comportamientos y capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca Comportamentos e capacidade de agência de autocuidado de adultos com insuficiência cardíaca Behaviors and self-care agency capacity of adults with heart failure

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EDITH ARREDONDO HOLGUÍN

2010-06-01

ência cardíaca diagnosticados por sintomatologia clínica, fração de ejeção menor ou igual do que 40%. Para coletar os dados, utilizou-se a Escala Capacidade de Agência de Autocuidado desenvolvida por Isemberg y Evers et ál. (1993, traduzida por Gallego, que mensura o nível de agência de autocuidado, e a Escala de Comportamentos de Autocuidado validada na Colômbia em 2007 por Arredondo, que mensura a frequência de comportamentos de cuidado em adultos com insuficiência cardíaca no tocante ao pedido de ajuda, à adaptação a viver com a doença e o regime terapéutico, a alteração do autoconceito e aceitação de si mesmo, viver com efeitos da insuficiência cardíaca e o tratamento. Conclui-se que o maior número de pacientes eram homens e que fatores básicos condicionantes como o apóio familiar, desempenho de um trabalho, afiliação ao sistema de saúde, nível socioeconômico e accesso a um nível educativo foram importantes para os pacientes. A frequência de comportamentos de autocuidado foi média nos adultos na maioria das dimensões e o nível de agência foi alto e muito alto. Igualmente, conclui-se que não tem relação alguma entre agência e comportamentos de autocuidado. Isto propõe que os adultos conhecem mas ainda não tomaram a decisão de executarem ações de autocuidado.The objective of this study is to describe behaviors and self-care agency capacity of patients with heart failure in a cardiovascular clinic in Medellín (Province of Antioquia between November 2007 and May 2008. It is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sample was taken among 206 adults with heart failure who were diagnosed through clinical symptomatology, ejection fraction under or equal to 40%. Collection of data was done using the Self-care Agency Capacity Scale developed by Isemberg and Evers et al. (1993 and translated by Gallego, which measures the self-care agency, and the Self-care behaviors scale validated in Colombia in 2007 by Arredondo

A survey on human behavior towards energy saving for office worker in Malaysia

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Mustafa, Nur Hanim; Husain, Mohd Nor; Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abdul; Othman, Mohd Azlishah; Malek, Fared

2015-05-01

Green environment is a space and energy efficient household, which can offer coziness and healthy living environment to its occupants. Human behavior is focuses to see the impact toward energy and also into green building. This probe can be taken in if everybody reads and share similar objectives in bringing off the energy in an efficient manner. This paper will present and watched over the survey feedback on energy usage by federal agency workers in Malaysia. The study will focus on the proletarians in the government sector since this population is the majority work in place. It is authoritative to present and support the tested data for a project doing, particularly connected to human existence. The matter is referred to discussing about human behavior to compare with the real situation information. Today, there are many researchers thought that the human activity as the primary ingredient for a monitoring arrangement. As a consequence, the energy monitoring system will improve the energy usage efficiency of the basic human actions in different places and surroundings.

Understanding human behavior in times of war.

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Vetter, Stefan

2007-12-01

The Third Geneva Convention reflects on the values of humanism, declaring the rights of humaneness, honor, and protection before torture and final discharge of war prisoners after the end of a war. These days, the occurrences in Baghdad Central Detention Center (formerly known as Abu Ghraib Prison), the actions of British soldiers in Basra, and the inflamed public discussion of whether torture might be an appropriate method to obtain crucial information from terrorists put the Third Geneva Convention back in the spotlight. The aforementioned occurrences raise questions regarding the psychological mass phenomena that make us vulnerable to think and to act against our education, habits, and beliefs. Only an understanding of these phenomena will help us to act against behavior we condemn. This article is an attempt to show how cognition of societies and individuals slowly changes during longer conflicts. Furthermore, it tries to summarize the possibilities we have to confront these tendencies.

[Motor behavior of human fetuses during the second trimester of gestation: a longitudinal ultrasound study].

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Reynoso, C; Crespo-Eguílaz, N; Alcázar, J L; Narbona, J

2015-03-01

The aim of this research is to contribute to knowledge of the normal spontaneous motor behavior of the human fetus during the second trimester of pregnancy. This study focuses on five patterns of spontaneous fetal movement: startle (S), axo-rhizomelic rhythmia (ARR), axial stretching (AS), general movement (GM), and diaphragmatic contraction (DC). A cohort of 13 subjects was followed up using 2D obstetrical ultrasound images at 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of gestation. As inclusion criteria, neonatal neurological examination and general movements after eutocic delivery at term were normal in all of the subjects, and their neuromotor and cognitive development until the end of pre-school age were also normal. All these five motor patterns are present at the beginning of the 2(nd) gestational trimester, but their quantitative and qualitative traits are diverse according to gestational ages. The phasic, isolated or rhythmically repeated movements, S and ARR, are prominent at 12 and 16 weeks of gestation, and then their presence gradually diminishes. By contrast, tonic and complex AS and GM movements increase their presence and quality at 20 and 24 weeks. RAR constitute a particular periodic motor pattern not described in previous literature. Moreover, the incidence of DC is progressive throughout the trimester, in clusters of 2-6 arrhythmic and irregular beats. Fetal heart rate increases during fetal motor active periods. All five normal behavioral patterns observed in the ultrasounds reflect the progressive tuning of motor generators in human nervous system during mid-pregnancy. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors in adolescents in Mexico: Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 Prevalencia de conductas alimentarias anormales de adolescentes en México: Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición ENSANUT 2006

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Jorge Armando Barriguete-Meléndez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors in a population-based nationwide survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A stratified, probabilistic, multistage design sampling process was used. The Brief Questionnaire for Risky Eating Behaviors was included in the Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006 and administered to participants 10-19 years old (n= 25 166. The study had the power to describe nationwide characteristics by age, regions and urban/rural settings. RESULTS: A high risk for having an eating disorder was found in 0.8% of the total participants (0.4% male adolescents and 1.0% female. Inhabitants in large cities showed higher risk for having an abnormal eating behavior compared to subjects living in other settings. The highest prevalences were found in males > 15 years old and females > 13 years old for all evaluated behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Results show less prevalence of risky eating behaviors among adolescents in comparison to other populations. The female/male ratio was 3:1, far different from the 9:1 shown in a previous study in Mexico City, but similar to results from the US national eating disorders screening.OBJETIVOS: Describir la prevalencia de conductas alimentarias anormales en una encuesta nacional de base poblacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Diseño muestral probabilístico, polietápico, por conglomerados y estratificado. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Breve de de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo de la ENSANUT 2006, en adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad (n= 25 166 de ambos sexos, con resultado nacional, por región y tipo de localidad. RESULTADOS: En 0.8% de los participantes se encontró alto riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de conducta alimentaria (0.4% hombres y 1.0% mujeres. La edad de mayor riesgo fue > 15 años en hombres y > 13 en mujeres. Los habitantes de áreas metropolitanas presentan un riesgo mayor que la población rural y urbana. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de conductas

Social Media Research, Human Behavior, and Sustainable Society

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Quan Li

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A bibliometric analysis was conducted to review social media research from different perspectives during the period of 2008–2014 based on the Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index database. Using a collection of 10,042 articles related to social media, the bibliometric analysis revealed some interesting patterns and trend of the scientific outputs, major journals, subject categories, spatial distribution, international collaboration, and temporal evolution in keywords usage in social media studies. The research on social media has been characterized by rapid growth and dynamic collaboration, with a rising number of publications and citation. Communication, Sociology, Public, Environment & Occupational Health, Business, and Multidisciplinary Psychology were the five most common categories. Computers in Human Behavior was the journal with the most social media publications, and Computers & Education ranked first according to the average citations. The two most productive countries were the U.S. and UK, delivering about half of the publications. The proportion of China’s internationally collaborative publications was the highest. The University of Wisconsin, the University of Michigan, and Harvard University were three most productive institutions. Several keywords, such as “Facebook”, “Twitter”, “communication”, “Social Networking Sites”, “China”, “climate change”, “big data” and “social support” increasingly gained the popularity during the study period, indicating the research trends on human behavior and sustainability.

Human motion behavior while interacting with an industrial robot.

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Bortot, Dino; Ding, Hao; Antonopolous, Alexandros; Bengler, Klaus

2012-01-01

Human workers and industrial robots both have specific strengths within industrial production. Advantageously they complement each other perfectly, which leads to the development of human-robot interaction (HRI) applications. Bringing humans and robots together in the same workspace may lead to potential collisions. The avoidance of such is a central safety requirement. It can be realized with sundry sensor systems, all of them decelerating the robot when the distance to the human decreases alarmingly and applying the emergency stop, when the distance becomes too small. As a consequence, the efficiency of the overall systems suffers, because the robot has high idle times. Optimized path planning algorithms have to be developed to avoid that. The following study investigates human motion behavior in the proximity of an industrial robot. Three different kinds of encounters between the two entities under three robot speed levels are prompted. A motion tracking system is used to capture the motions. Results show, that humans keep an average distance of about 0,5m to the robot, when the encounter occurs. Approximation of the workbenches is influenced by the robot in ten of 15 cases. Furthermore, an increase of participants' walking velocity with higher robot velocities is observed.

Modelo de Gestión de los Recursos Humanos con base en la teoría de los subconjuntos borrosos (Human Resource Management Model based on Fuzzy Subsets Theory

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Lourdes Souto Anido

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Resumen. Los Recursos Humanos constituyen los únicos elementos vivos presentes en todo tipo de organización, quienes, a partir de sus conocimientos, habilidades y motivaciones, impulsan a las empresas a ser competitivas y a alcanzar sus metas. En aras de lograr dicho objetivo se hace necesario contar con herramientas que ayuden a que el proceso de toma de decisiones concerniente a la gestión de los mismos sea lo más certeros y objetivos. El presente trabajo propone un modelo de gestión de recursos humanos que integra herramientas basadas en la teoría de los subconjuntos borrosos. La investigación se encuentra estructurada en tres epígrafes. El primero analiza los modelos utilizados en Cuba para gestionar los recursos humanos. El segundo presenta el Modelo de Gestión de los Recursos Humanos que se propone, para finalmente, en un tercer epígrafe proceder a validarlo. La novedad del trabajo que se propone, radica en la integración de herramientas de la teoría de los subconjuntos borrosos en los procesos claves de la Gestión de los Recursos Humanos. Entre sus aportes se encuentran: la aplicación del método de alisado exponencial borroso a la planeación del personal, la extrapolación de un modelo de asignación resuelto a través del algoritmo húngaro a la formación del personal, así como la construcción de un sistema de indicadores borrosos para la evaluación de la Gestión de los Recursos Humanos. La propuesta fue validada a través de aplicaciones parciales en empresas seleccionadas así como con criterio de expertos. English abstract. Human resources are the only living elements present in all types of organizations who, from their knowledge, skills and motivations driving companies to be competitive and achieve their objectives and goals. In order to achieve this objective it is necessary to have tools that help the decision-making process regarding the management of human resources is as accurate and objective as possible

Comportamento ingestivo de novilhas leiteiras alimentadas com dietas à base de Cana-de-açúcar Ingestive behavior of dairy heifers fed sugar cane based diets

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Lídia Ferreira Miranda

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de novilhas mestiças Holandês x Zebu alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar suplementadas com fontes de nitrogênio não-protéico [NNP] (uréia e cama de frango, em substituição parcial da uréia e, ou, adição de probióticos (sem probiótico, com levedura ou com microbiota ruminal. Vinte e quatro novilhas, com idade e peso médio inicial de 15 meses e 247 kg, respectivamente, foram mantidas em baias individuais e alimentadas à vontade, durante o período experimental de 84 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (fontes de NNP vs fontes de probiótico, com quatro repetições. O comportamento ingestivo de cada novilha foi determinado visualmente, a cada 28 dias, a intervalos de 10 minutos, durante 24 horas. Não houve diferença no tempo despendido em alimentação, ruminação e mastigação total, em min/dia, das novilhas alimentadas com diferentes fontes de NNP e probióticos. O tempo médio de ruminação, em min/kg de MS e FDN, foi maior para os animais alimentados com uréia. O comportamento ingestivo das novilhas não foi influenciado pelas fontes de nitrogênio ou pela adição de probiótico.The objective of this work was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of crossbred dairy heifers fed sugar-cane based diets, supplemented with non protein nitrogen [NPN] sources (urea or broiler litter, in replacement of urea and, or, probiotics addition (without probiotic, with yeast or with ruminal microbiota. Twenty-four heifers, with age and average initial weight of 15 months and 247 kg, respectively, were maintained in individual stalls and ad libitum fed during the experimental period of 84 days. The animals were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (NPN source vs probiotic source, with four replicates. The ingestive behavior of each heifer was visually

Robust control of dielectric elastomer diaphragm actuator for human pulse signal tracking

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Ye, Zhihang; Chen, Zheng; Asmatulu, Ramazan; Chan, Hoyin

2017-08-01

Human pulse signal tracking is an emerging technology that is needed in traditional Chinese medicine. However, soft actuation with multi-frequency tracking capability is needed for tracking human pulse signal. Dielectric elastomer (DE) is one type of soft actuating that has great potential in human pulse signal tracking. In this paper, a DE diaphragm actuator was designed and fabricated to track human pulse pressure signal. A physics-based and control-oriented model has been developed to capture the dynamic behavior of DE diaphragm actuator. Using the physical model, an H-infinity robust control was designed for the actuator to reject high-frequency sensing noises and disturbances. The robust control was then implemented in real-time to track a multi-frequency signal, which verified the tracking capability and robustness of the control system. In the human pulse signal tracking test, a human pulse signal was measured at the City University of Hong Kong and then was tracked using DE actuator at Wichita State University in the US. Experimental results have verified that the DE actuator with its robust control is capable of tracking human pulse signal.

Necesidades de aprendizaje del especialista de Medicina General Integral, acerca de la conducta suicida Learning needs of the specialist in Integral General Medicine on the suicidal behavior

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Víctor Tadeo Pérez Martínez

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las necesidades de aprendizaje o capacitación se dan a partir del contraste entre el desempeño ideal y el real, bien sea para un individuo o un grupo determinado. Constituyen el punto de partida para la búsqueda de una solución pedagógica que capacite y contribuya a la transformación cualitativa de los servicios de salud. Su oportuna identificación, es una herramienta de la educación permanente. Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los médicos que laboran en los equipos de atención primaria de salud, acerca de la conducta suicida, en tres policlínicos del municipio Playa. Métodos: Se realizó la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje mediante un cuestionario escrito, que se aplicó de forma colectiva y anónima a 20 especialistas de Medicina General Integral, seleccionados al azar, que laboran en tres policlínicos del extremo Este, del municipio Playa. Resultados: Se puntualizaron las deficiencias e insuficiencias de los conocimientos y habilidades profesionales acerca del comportamiento suicida, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la perspectiva clínica de este complejo y multidimensional fenómeno. Conclusiones: A pesar de que la conducta suicida constituye, en el primer nivel de atención, uno de los programas priorizados, en lo que a salud mental se refiere, la mayoría de los especialistas presenta dificultades en la atención integral de estos pacientes, lo cual constituye un riesgo poco explorado. En ocasiones, su evaluación adolece, de elementos de indagación y análisis, lo que afecta el adecuado seguimiento de estos.Introduction: Learning needs or training appear from the contrast between the ideal and real performance whether for an subject or a determined group, being the start point for search of a educational solution training and contributing to qualitative transformation of health services. Its timely identification is a tool of the permanent education. Objectives: To

Flexible Human Behavior Analysis Framework for Video Surveillance Applications

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Weilun Lao

2010-01-01

Full Text Available We study a flexible framework for semantic analysis of human motion from surveillance video. Successful trajectory estimation and human-body modeling facilitate the semantic analysis of human activities in video sequences. Although human motion is widely investigated, we have extended such research in three aspects. By adding a second camera, not only more reliable behavior analysis is possible, but it also enables to map the ongoing scene events onto a 3D setting to facilitate further semantic analysis. The second contribution is the introduction of a 3D reconstruction scheme for scene understanding. Thirdly, we perform a fast scheme to detect different body parts and generate a fitting skeleton model, without using the explicit assumption of upright body posture. The extension of multiple-view fusion improves the event-based semantic analysis by 15%–30%. Our proposed framework proves its effectiveness as it achieves a near real-time performance (13–15 frames/second and 6–8 frames/second for monocular and two-view video sequences.

The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: a narrative review of animal and human studies

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Brom, Mirte; Both, Stephanie; Laan, Ellen; Everaerd, Walter; Spinhoven, Philip

2014-01-01

Many theories of human sexual behavior assume that sexual stimuli obtain arousing properties through associative learning processes. It is widely accepted that classical conditioning contributes to the etiology of both normal and maladaptive human behaviors. Despite the hypothesized importance of

The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior : A narrative review of animal and human studies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brom, M.; Both, S.; Laan, E.; Everaerd, W.; Spinhoven, P.

Many theories of human sexual behavior assume that sexual stimuli obtain arousing properties through associative learning processes. It is widely accepted that classical conditioning contributes to the etiology of both normal and maladaptive human behaviors. Despite the hypothesized importance of

Effects of Social Context on Social Interaction and Self-Injurious Behavior in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

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Arron, Kate; Oliver, Chris; Hall, Scott; Sloneem, Jenny; Forman, Debbie; McClintock, Karen

2006-01-01

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is reported to be associated with self-injurious behavior (SIB) and social avoidance. We used analog methodology to examine the effect of manipulating adult social contact on social communicative behaviors and SIB in 16 children with this syndrome. For 9 participants engagement behavior was related to levels of adult…

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Informational Behaviors of College Students in Regard to the Human Papillomavirus

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Sandfort, Jessica R.; Pleasant, Andrew

2009-01-01

Objective: To assess students' human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Participants/ Methods: Students (N = 1,282) at a large, public university in the Northeast United States completed a questionnaire during February 2008 assessing HPV knowledge, prevalence, transmission, cervical cancer risk and stigma; sexual behavior,…

Motivações do agir de enfermeiros nas ocorrências éticas de enfermagem Motivaciones de la acción de enfermeros frente a las ocurrencias éticas de enfermería Factors that motivate nurse's reactions to unethical behaviors

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Genival Fernandes de Freitas

2006-03-01

, asegurando, también, la credibilidad y valorización del personal de enfermería.OBJECTIVE: to understand nurses' reactions toward to unethical behaviors. METHODS: The sample consisted of nurses who were members of a nursing ethics committee or were working as nursing managers and that have had experience in dealing with unethical behaviors. Social phenomenology served as the theoretical framework for the study. Data were collected through interviews and grouped in categories. RESULTS: Participants' experiences in dealing with unethical behaviors were important factors in revealing the reasons for their reactions to unethical occurrences. These reasons were grouped in the following categories: beliefs and values, knowledge, and past experiences. CONCLUSION: Nurses who had previous experience in dealing with occurrence of unethical behaviors strive to guarantee safe quality nursing care to patients as well as to increase the creditability and better appreciation of the nursing staff.

LEUKOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ACTINOBACILLUS ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ISOLATED FROM HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN PRIMATES Atividade leucotóxica de amostras de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans de primatas humanos não-humanos

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Francisca Lúcia de Lima

2001-10-01

Full Text Available Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a clinically relevant periodontopathogenic Gram-negative coccobacillus that produces a leukotoxin of the RTX cytolysin family. In this study, we evaluated the leukotoxic activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from human and marmosets by Trypan blue exclusion and by the chemiluminescence assays. Among eight A. actinomycetemcomitans human strains studied, two (P2.17 and P8.12 were classified as high leukotoxin producers and among eight marmoset strains, one (M22.11 showed high leukotoxin production, as determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay. The reference strains ATCC 29523 and FDC Y4 respectively behaved like moderate and low producers. The chemiluminescence assay was used to evaluate the leukotoxic activity of M22.11 and P2.17 strains submitted to different growth conditions. Leukotoxic activity was detected on cells at the logarithmic phase and was similar under anaerobic and microaerophilic growth conditions. It was greatly reduced when cells were grown at glucose concentrations lower or higher than 0.75% (0.25% and 1.5% in thioglycolate medium. Leukotoxin production mainly by the M22.11 strain was low in BHI broth, whereas production in TSB medium showed a similar level as in thioglycolate broth medium. Sodium bicarbonate at 10 mM did not affect leukotoxin production.Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans é um cocobacilo Gram negativo, periodontopatógeno clinicamente importante, que produz uma leucotoxina pertencente à família das citolisinas RTX. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a atividade leucotóxica de amostras de A. actinomycetemcomitans isoladas de seres humanos e de calitriquídeos pelos métodos de exclusão de azul de Tripan e quimioluminescência. Duas (P2.17 e P8.12 entre oito amostras de A. actinomycetemcomitans isoladas de seres humanos, e uma (M22.11 entre 8 amostras isoladas de sagüis se apresentaram como altamente produtoras de leucotoxina, como determinado pelo teste de

Homeostasis lighting control based on relationship between lighting environment and human behavior

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Ueda, Risa; Mita, Akira

2015-03-01

Although each person has own preferences, living spaces which can respond to various preferences and needs have not become reality. Focusing on the lighting environments which influence on the impression of living spaces, this research aims to offer comfortable lighting environments for each resident by a flexible control. This research examines the relationship between lighting environments and human behaviors considering colored lights. In accord with the relationship, this research proposes an illuminance-color control system which flexibly changes spatial environments responding to human conditions. Firstly, the psychological evaluation was conducted in order to build human models for various environments. As a result, preferred lighting environments for each examinee were determined for particular behaviors. Moreover, satisfaction levels of lighting environments were calculated by using seven types of impression of the environments as parameters. The results were summarized as human models. Secondly, this research proposed "Homeostasis Lighting Control System", which employs the human models. Homeostasis lighting control system embodies the algorithm of homeostasis, which is one of the functions of the physiological adaptation. Human discomfort feelings are obtained automatically by the sensor agent robot. The system can offer comfortable lighting environments without controlling environments by residents autonomously based on the information from the robot. This research takes into accounts both illuminance and color. The robot communicates with the server which contains human models, then the system corresponds to individuals. Combining these three systems, the proposed system can effectively control the lighting environment. At last, the feasibility of the proposed system was verified by simulation experiments.

Body odor quality predicts behavioral attractiveness in humans.

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Roberts, S Craig; Kralevich, Alexandra; Ferdenzi, Camille; Saxton, Tamsin K; Jones, Benedict C; DeBruine, Lisa M; Little, Anthony C; Havlicek, Jan

2011-12-01

Growing effort is being made to understand how different attractive physical traits co-vary within individuals, partly because this might indicate an underlying index of genetic quality. In humans, attention has focused on potential markers of quality such as facial attractiveness, axillary odor quality, the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and body mass index (BMI). Here we extend this approach to include visually-assessed kinesic cues (nonverbal behavior linked to movement) which are statistically independent of structural physical traits. The utility of such kinesic cues in mate assessment is controversial, particularly during everyday conversational contexts, as they could be unreliable and susceptible to deception. However, we show here that the attractiveness of nonverbal behavior, in 20 male participants, is predicted by perceived quality of their axillary body odor. This finding indicates covariation between two desirable traits in different sensory modalities. Depending on two different rating contexts (either a simple attractiveness rating or a rating for long-term partners by 10 female raters not using hormonal contraception), we also found significant relationships between perceived attractiveness of nonverbal behavior and BMI, and between axillary odor ratings and 2D:4D ratio. Axillary odor pleasantness was the single attribute that consistently predicted attractiveness of nonverbal behavior. Our results demonstrate that nonverbal kinesic cues could reliably reveal mate quality, at least in males, and could corroborate and contribute to mate assessment based on other physical traits.

Towards representing human behavior and decision making in Earth system models - an overview of techniques and approaches

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Müller-Hansen, Finn; Schlüter, Maja; Mäs, Michael; Donges, Jonathan F.; Kolb, Jakob J.; Thonicke, Kirsten; Heitzig, Jobst

2017-11-01

Today, humans have a critical impact on the Earth system and vice versa, which can generate complex feedback processes between social and ecological dynamics. Integrating human behavior into formal Earth system models (ESMs), however, requires crucial modeling assumptions about actors and their goals, behavioral options, and decision rules, as well as modeling decisions regarding human social interactions and the aggregation of individuals' behavior. Here, we review existing modeling approaches and techniques from various disciplines and schools of thought dealing with human behavior at different levels of decision making. We demonstrate modelers' often vast degrees of freedom but also seek to make modelers aware of the often crucial consequences of seemingly innocent modeling assumptions. After discussing which socioeconomic units are potentially important for ESMs, we compare models of individual decision making that correspond to alternative behavioral theories and that make diverse modeling assumptions about individuals' preferences, beliefs, decision rules, and foresight. We review approaches to model social interaction, covering game theoretic frameworks, models of social influence, and network models. Finally, we discuss approaches to studying how the behavior of individuals, groups, and organizations can aggregate to complex collective phenomena, discussing agent-based, statistical, and representative-agent modeling and economic macro-dynamics. We illustrate the main ingredients of modeling techniques with examples from land-use dynamics as one of the main drivers of environmental change bridging local to global scales.

Evolution of life history and behavior in Hominidae: towards phylogenetic reconstruction of the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor.

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Duda, Pavel; Zrzavý, Jan

2013-10-01

The origin of the fundamental behavioral differences between humans and our closest living relatives is one of the central issues of evolutionary anthropology. The prominent, chimpanzee-based referential model of early hominin behavior has recently been challenged on the basis of broad multispecies comparisons and newly discovered fossil evidence. Here, we argue that while behavioral data on extant great apes are extremely relevant for reconstruction of ancestral behaviors, these behaviors should be reconstructed trait by trait using formal phylogenetic methods. Using the widely accepted hominoid phylogenetic tree, we perform a series of character optimization analyses using 65 selected life-history and behavioral characters for all extant hominid species. This analysis allows us to reconstruct the character states of the last common ancestors of Hominoidea, Hominidae, and the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor. Our analyses demonstrate that many fundamental behavioral and life-history attributes of hominids (including humans) are evidently ancient and likely inherited from the common ancestor of all hominids. However, numerous behaviors present in extant great apes represent their own terminal autapomorphies (both uniquely derived and homoplastic). Any evolutionary model that uses a single extant species to explain behavioral evolution of early hominins is therefore of limited use. In contrast, phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral states is able to provide a detailed suite of behavioral, ecological and life-history characters for each hypothetical ancestor. The living great apes therefore play an important role for the confident identification of the traits found in the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor, some of which are likely to represent behaviors of the fossil hominins. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Interview with Joe McMann: Lessons Learned from Fifty Years of Observing Hardware and Human Behavior

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McMann, Joe

2011-01-01

Pica Kahn conducted "An Interview with Joe McMann: Lessons Learned in Human and Hardware Behavior" on August 16, 2011. With more than 40 years of experience in the aerospace industry, McMann has gained a wealth of knowledge. This presentation focused on lessons learned in human and hardware behavior. During his many years in the industry, McMann observed that the hardware development process was intertwined with human influences, which impacted the outcome of the product.

Modeling Human Steering Behavior During Path Following in Teleoperation of Unmanned Ground Vehicles.

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Mirinejad, Hossein; Jayakumar, Paramsothy; Ersal, Tulga

2018-04-01

This paper presents a behavioral model representing the human steering performance in teleoperated unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Human steering performance in teleoperation is considerably different from the performance in regular onboard driving situations due to significant communication delays in teleoperation systems and limited information human teleoperators receive from the vehicle sensory system. Mathematical models capturing the teleoperation performance are a key to making the development and evaluation of teleoperated UGV technologies fully simulation based and thus more rapid and cost-effective. However, driver models developed for the typical onboard driving case do not readily address this need. To fill the gap, this paper adopts a cognitive model that was originally developed for a typical highway driving scenario and develops a tuning strategy that adjusts the model parameters in the absence of human data to reflect the effect of various latencies and UGV speeds on driver performance in a teleoperated path-following task. Based on data collected from a human subject test study, it is shown that the tuned model can predict both the trend of changes in driver performance for different driving conditions and the best steering performance of human subjects in all driving conditions considered. The proposed model with the tuning strategy has a satisfactory performance in predicting human steering behavior in the task of teleoperated path following of UGVs. The established model is a suited candidate to be used in place of human drivers for simulation-based studies of UGV mobility in teleoperation systems.

COMPARING BEHAVIORAL DOSE-EFFECT CURVES FOR HUMANS AND LABORATORY ANIMALS ACUTELY EXPOSED TO TOLUENE.

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The utility of laboratory animal data in toxicology depends upon the ability to generalize the results quantitatively to humans. To compare the acute behavioral effects of inhaled toluene in humans to those in animals, dose-effect curves were fitted by meta-analysis of published...

Cepas de Campylobacter jejuni resistentes a quinolonas aisladas de humanos, gallinas y pollos Quinolone resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans and from poultry

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Rodolfo Notario

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Se compararon 8 aislamientos de Campylobacter jejuni provenientes de humanos con enfermedad diarreica aguda, con 23 aislamientos de cloaca de gallinas y pollos obtenidos de zonas próximas a la ciudad de Rosario, todos resistentes a la ciprofloxacina. Las muestras se sembraron en agar selectivo y se incubaron en microaerofilia a 42 °C. Las colonias se identificaron con el método tradicional. Los aislamientos se conservaron a -70 °C en caldo cerebro corazón con 17% v/v de glicerina. La clonalidad se determinó por RAPD-PCR, utilizando el primer 1254 (Stern NJ. Se interpretaron los aislamientos como clones distintos cuando diferían en una banda de amplificación. Se obtuvieron 5 clones diferentes. Los patrones I, II y V fueron aislados en criaderos industriales de pollos y en humanos (el II también en un establecimiento de gallinas ponedoras de huevos. En un gallinero familiar se obtuvo el patrón I. El patrón III sólo se obtuvo de humanos. El patrón IV se halló en uno de los criaderos pero no en humanos. Se pudo determinar que 93.5% de las cepas se aislaron tanto de animales como de humanos, por lo que se considera posible que la colonización de criaderos con cepas resistentes a los antimicrobianos pudiera ser el origen de la infección de humanos.Eight quinolone resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease were compared with 23 isolates from chicken and from laying hens. Samples were cultured on selective agar in microaerophilia, identified by conventional tests, and conserved in 17% glycerol at -70 °C. Clones were determined by RAPD-PCR employing the 1254 primer (Stern NJ. Five patterns were obtained. Patterns I, II, and V were found in both poultry and human isolates. Pattern I was obtained from poultry in a domestic henhouse. Pattern III was only obtained from humans whereas pattern IV was only obtained from poultry. A 95.3% of clones were found in both, humans and poultry. According to these

Human papillomavirus vaccine and sexual behavior among adolescent and young women.

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Liddon, Nicole C; Leichliter, Jami S; Markowitz, Lauri E

2012-01-01

Vaccines to prevent certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated cancers are recommended for routine use among young women. Nationally representative reports of vaccine uptake have not explored the relationship between HPV vaccine initiation and various sexual behaviors. Explore sexual behavior and demographic correlates of HPV vaccine initiation from a nationally representative survey of adolescent and young adult women. In 2007-2008, a total of 1243 girls/women aged 15-24 years responded to questions about receiving HPV vaccine in the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). In 2010, demographic and sexual behavior correlates were evaluated in bivariate and multivariate analyses by age. HPV vaccine initiation was higher among those aged 15-19 years than those aged 20-24 years (30.3% vs 15.9%, p19 years. No association was found between HPV vaccination and risky sexual behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc.

City rats: insight from rat spatial behavior into human cognition in urban environments.

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Yaski, Osnat; Portugali, Juval; Eilam, David

2011-09-01

The structure and shape of the urban environment influence our ability to find our way about in the city. Understanding how the physical properties of the environment affect spatial behavior and cognition is therefore a necessity. However, there are inherent difficulties in empirically studying complex and large-scale urban environments. These include the need to isolate the impact of specific urban features and to acquire data on the physical activity of individuals. In the present study, we attempted to overcome the above obstacles and examine the relation between urban environments and spatial cognition by testing the spatial behavior of rats. This idea originated from the resemblance in the operative brain functions and in the mechanisms and strategies employed by humans and other animals when acquiring spatial information and establishing an internal representation, as revealed in past studies. Accordingly, we tested rats in arenas that simulated a grid urban layout (e.g. Manhattan streets) and an irregular urban layout (e.g. Jerusalem streets). We found that in the grid layout, rat movement was more structured and extended over a greater area compared with their restricted movement in the irregular layout. These movement patterns recall those of humans in respective urban environments, illustrating that the structure and shape of the environment affect spatial behavior similarly in humans and rats. Overall, testing rats in environments that simulate facets of urban environments can provide new insights into human spatial cognition in urban environments.

Effect of cholesterol and triglycerides levels on the rheological behavior of human blood

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Moreno, Leonardo; Calderas, Fausto; Sanchez-Olivares, Guadalupe; Medina-Torres, Luis; Sanchez-Solis, Antonio; Manero, Octavio

2015-02-01

Important public health problems worldwide such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary diseases are quite common. These problems arise from numerous factors, such as hyper-caloric diets, sedentary habits and other epigenetic factors. With respect to Mexico, the population reference values of total cholesterol in plasma are around 200 mg/dL. However, a large proportion has higher levels than this reference value. In this work, we analyze the rheological properties of human blood obtained from 20 donors, as a function of cholesterol and triglyceride levels, upon a protocol previously approved by the health authorities. Samples with high and low cholesterol and triglyceride levels were selected and analyzed by simple-continuous and linear-oscillatory shear flow. Rheometric properties were measured and related to the structure and composition of human blood. In addition, rheometric data were modeled by using several constitutive equations: Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP) and the multimodal Maxwell equations to predict the flow behavior of human blood. Finally, a comparison was made among various models, namely, the BMP, Carreau and Quemada equations for simple shear rate flow. An important relationship was found between cholesterol, triglycerides and the structure of human blood. Results show that blood with high cholesterol levels (400 mg/dL) has flow properties fully different (higher viscosity and a more pseudo-plastic behavior) than blood with lower levels of cholesterol (tendency to Newtonian behavior or viscosity plateau at low shear rates).

A influência de filmes violentos em comportamento agressivo de crianças e adolescentes The influence of violent films on children’s and adolescents’ aggressive behavior

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Paula Inez Cunha Gomide

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Teóricos da Aprendizagem Social salientam que as pessoas comportam-se de maneira similar a modelos que avaliam com alto status social ou de sucesso. Esta pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar a influência de filmes violentos em comportamento agressivo tanto de crianças como de adolescentes. O experimento I estudou 360 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, em quatro grupos, um controle e três que tiveram seus comportamentos agressivos, medidos em jogo de futebol, após assistirem a filmes violentos, com e sem herói e não violento. O experimento II registrou os comportamentos agressivos de 160 crianças, dos dois sexos, em jogo de futebol, antes e após assistirem a filme violento e não violento. Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento agressivo das crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino aumentou após assistirem a um filme violento, com herói, o mesmo não ocorreu com as mulheres. Porém, quando a violência refletiu abuso físico, psicológico ou sexual houve um aumento significativo do comportamento agressivo em adolescentes dos dois sexos. Essa última variável, apesar dos correlatos positivos com comportamento antisocial precisa ser melhor investigada.Social learning authors pointed out that people behave in a way to imitate the pattern which they evaluate as having high social status or success. The present research was designed to assess the influence of violent films on children and adolescents’ aggressive behavior. Experiment I studied 360 adolescents, of both genders, in four groups: one was a control group and the other three watched violent films, with and without a hero, and a nonviolent film. Aggressive behavior was measured in a football game after they had watched the films. Experiment II recorded the aggressive behavior of 160 children, both genders, during a football game, before and after watching a violent and a nonviolent film. The results showed that aggressive behavior of male children and adolescents increased

The Effects of Institutional Culture on Study Strategies of Hispanic Students as Measured by the "Inventario de Comportamiento de Estudio": The Spanish Version of the "Study Behavior Inventory."

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Bliss, Leonard B.; Sandiford, Janice R.

The study behaviors of Spanish-speaking students at a large two-year public college in the United States were studied using the Inventario de Comportamiento de Estudio (ECI) (L. Bliss, D. Vinay, and F. Koenigner), the Spanish version of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (C. Weinstein, 1987). Behaviors of these students were compared with…

Large Volume, Behaviorally-relevant Illumination for Optogenetics in Non-human Primates.

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Acker, Leah C; Pino, Erica N; Boyden, Edward S; Desimone, Robert

2017-10-03

This protocol describes a large-volume illuminator, which was developed for optogenetic manipulations in the non-human primate brain. The illuminator is a modified plastic optical fiber with etched tip, such that the light emitting surface area is > 100x that of a conventional fiber. In addition to describing the construction of the large-volume illuminator, this protocol details the quality-control calibration used to ensure even light distribution. Further, this protocol describes techniques for inserting and removing the large volume illuminator. Both superficial and deep structures may be illuminated. This large volume illuminator does not need to be physically coupled to an electrode, and because the illuminator is made of plastic, not glass, it will simply bend in circumstances when traditional optical fibers would shatter. Because this illuminator delivers light over behaviorally-relevant tissue volumes (≈ 10 mm 3 ) with no greater penetration damage than a conventional optical fiber, it facilitates behavioral studies using optogenetics in non-human primates.

A Review of Domestic Dogs' ("Canis Familiaris") Human-Like Behaviors: Or Why Behavior Analysts Should Stop Worrying and Love Their Dogs

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Udell, Monique A. R.; Wynne, C. D. L.

2008-01-01

Dogs likely were the first animals to be domesticated and as such have shared a common environment with humans for over ten thousand years. Only recently, however, has this species' behavior been subject to scientific scrutiny. Most of this work has been inspired by research in human cognitive psychology and suggests that in many ways dogs are…

Aportes de la geografía humanística para la comprensión de los lugares de miedo al delito en la ciudad

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Jaime Alberto Barinas Salcedo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El miedo al delito hace parte de las inseguridades del mundo en la actualidad, dichas incertidumbres se afianzan y expresan en la experiencia diaria de los individuos y el intercambio perceptivo con el espacio. La finalidad de este artículo es realizar una aproximación desde la geografía humanística a la interpretación socioespacial de los lugares de miedo al delito en la ciudad, a partir de la comprensión de los imaginarios y experiencias de los sujetos y la forma como estos influyen en las relaciones propias dentro del espacio urbano.

Transtorno de ansiedade social e comportamentos de evitação e de segurança: uma revisão sistemática Social anxiety disorder, avoidance and safety behavior: a systematic review

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Kátia Regina da Silva Burato

2009-08-01

Full Text Available O Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS caracteriza-se por um medo persistente de situações sociais. Objetiva-se identificar na literatura indexada, estudos relativos à qualidade técnica de instrumentos psicométricos e experimentais sobre a avaliação dos pensamentos negativos e comportamentos de segurança associados ao TAS. Foram identificados 22 artigos, agrupados em dois conjuntos, considerando os procedimentos utilizados. No primeiro conjunto os estudos investigaram as qualidades psicométricas de instrumentos que avaliam cognições e TAS, sendo que destes, quatro abordaram versões já aferidas previamente e dois avaliaram instrumentos propostos especificamente para mensurar comportamento de segurança e pensamentos negativos. Os estudos do segundo conjunto investigaram, por meio de simulações de situações de desempenho verbal, aspectos cognitivos associados à ansiedade, destacando as variáveis auto-imagem negativa, pensamentos negativos e comportamentos de segurança associados ao aumento da ansiedade social. A análise dos estudos aponta que a identificação de comportamentos evitativos pode ser útil para a implementação de intervenções.Social anxiety disorder (SAD is characterized by and intense and constant fear of social situations. The goal of this work is to identify, in indexed publications, psychometric and empirical studies on the evaluation of negative thoughts and safety behaviors associated with SAD. Twenty-two articles were located and grouped into two sets considering the type of procedure used. In the first set, studies investigated the psychometric properties of instruments that evaluate cognition and SAD, out of which four studies addressed instruments that had been previously evaluated, and two others evaluated instruments specifically proposed for measuring safety behavior and negative thoughts. The studies in the second set used simulations of verbal performance situations to investigate the cognitive

Dynamic Socialized Gaussian Process Models for Human Behavior Prediction in a Health Social Network

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Shen, Yelong; Phan, NhatHai; Xiao, Xiao; Jin, Ruoming; Sun, Junfeng; Piniewski, Brigitte; Kil, David; Dou, Dejing

2016-01-01

Modeling and predicting human behaviors, such as the level and intensity of physical activity, is a key to preventing the cascade of obesity and helping spread healthy behaviors in a social network. In our conference paper, we have developed a social influence model, named Socialized Gaussian Process (SGP), for socialized human behavior modeling. Instead of explicitly modeling social influence as individuals' behaviors influenced by their friends' previous behaviors, SGP models the dynamic social correlation as the result of social influence. The SGP model naturally incorporates personal behavior factor and social correlation factor (i.e., the homophily principle: Friends tend to perform similar behaviors) into a unified model. And it models the social influence factor (i.e., an individual's behavior can be affected by his/her friends) implicitly in dynamic social correlation schemes. The detailed experimental evaluation has shown the SGP model achieves better prediction accuracy compared with most of baseline methods. However, a Socialized Random Forest model may perform better at the beginning compared with the SGP model. One of the main reasons is the dynamic social correlation function is purely based on the users' sequential behaviors without considering other physical activity-related features. To address this issue, we further propose a novel “multi-feature SGP model” (mfSGP) which improves the SGP model by using multiple physical activity-related features in the dynamic social correlation learning. Extensive experimental results illustrate that the mfSGP model clearly outperforms all other models in terms of prediction accuracy and running time. PMID:27746515

Mechanisms of social avoidance learning can explain the emergence of adaptive and arbitrary behavioral traditions in humans.

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Lindström, Björn; Olsson, Andreas

2015-06-01

Many nonhuman animals preferentially copy the actions of others when the environment contains predation risk or other types of danger. In humans, the role of social learning in avoidance of danger is still unknown, despite the fundamental importance of social learning for complex social behaviors. Critically, many social behaviors, such as cooperation and adherence to religious taboos, are maintained by threat of punishment. However, the psychological mechanisms allowing threat of punishment to generate such behaviors, even when actual punishment is rare or absent, are largely unknown. To address this, we used both computer simulations and behavioral experiments. First, we constructed a model where simulated agents interacted under threat of punishment and showed that mechanisms' (a) tendency to copy the actions of others through social learning, together with (b) the rewarding properties of avoiding a threatening punishment, could explain the emergence, maintenance, and transmission of large-scale behavioral traditions, both when punishment is common and when it is rare or nonexistent. To provide empirical support for our model, including the 2 mechanisms, we conducted 4 experiments, showing that humans, if threatened with punishment, are exceptionally prone to copy and transmit the behavior observed in others. Our results show that humans, similar to many nonhuman animals, use social learning if the environment is perceived as dangerous. We provide a novel psychological and computational basis for a range of human behaviors characterized by the threat of punishment, such as the adherence to cultural norms and religious taboos. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Spatiotemporal detection of unusual human population behavior using mobile phone data.

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Adrian Dobra

Full Text Available With the aim to contribute to humanitarian response to disasters and violent events, scientists have proposed the development of analytical tools that could identify emergency events in real-time, using mobile phone data. The assumption is that dramatic and discrete changes in behavior, measured with mobile phone data, will indicate extreme events. In this study, we propose an efficient system for spatiotemporal detection of behavioral anomalies from mobile phone data and compare sites with behavioral anomalies to an extensive database of emergency and non-emergency events in Rwanda. Our methodology successfully captures anomalous behavioral patterns associated with a broad range of events, from religious and official holidays to earthquakes, floods, violence against civilians and protests. Our results suggest that human behavioral responses to extreme events are complex and multi-dimensional, including extreme increases and decreases in both calling and movement behaviors. We also find significant temporal and spatial variance in responses to extreme events. Our behavioral anomaly detection system and extensive discussion of results are a significant contribution to the long-term project of creating an effective real-time event detection system with mobile phone data and we discuss the implications of our findings for future research to this end.

Behavior of a portable solar dryer for pineapple fiber Comportamento de um secador solar para fibras de abacaxi

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Róger Moya

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In Costa Rica, there has been a growing interest to use pineapple fiber from plant, for which current processes need to be improved or new processes need to be developed, with emphasis on drying methods. This work presents the design and evaluation of the behavior of a prototype portable solar dryer in four sites of Costa Rica. The design describes the main parts of the dryer, as well as how they were constructed. The behavior was evaluated according to temperature and relative humidity inside e outside the chamber, and the influence of direct and indirect solar radiation. In order to achieve improved dryer efficiency, a dehumidifier was used to control relative humidity, and a heating system was implemented during the hours of low temperature, low solar radiation and high relative humidity. Based on drying time, final moisture content of fibers of pineapple leaves from plant, and the varying hours when fibers were put to dry, the evaluation of the dryer revealed that the best fiber-drying interval is from 6h00 to 14h00, and after that, it is convenient to inject hot air and use a dehumidifier in the dryer in order to increase its efficiency.Na Costa Rica, o interesse pelo uso da fibra proveniente da folha de abacaxizeiro. Tem almentado e essa atividade precisa de melhoramento ou implementação de novos processos para alcançar maior eficiência, principalmente na secagem da fibra. O presente trabalho apresenta o design e comportamento de uma protótipo portátil de secadora solar em 4 sites geográficos da Costa Rica. Estão descritas as principais partes do secador, bem como a metodologia de construção. O comportamento foi avaliado de acordo com a temperatura e umidade relativa interna e externa da câmara e a influencia da radiação direta e indireta. Com a finalidade de melhorar a eficiência da secadora, foi usado um desumidificador para controlar a umidade relativa e ainda um sistema de aquecimento durante as horas de baixa temperatura

Descrição de algumas variáveis em um procedimento de supervisão de terapia analítica do comportamento Description of some variables in a behavior analytic therapy supervision procedure

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Sandra Bernadete da Silva Moreira

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo descritivo da interação verbal livre e contínua entre um supervisor de terapia e um terapeuta iniciante, com o objetivo de identificar variáveis envolvidas no procedimento de supervisão adotado. O comportamento verbal dos participantes foi dividido em classes funcionais de respostas, denominadas "categorias de verbalizações", a partir das quais todas as respostas vocais puderam ser classificadas. Os resultados mostraram uma regularidade no comportamento do supervisor, enquanto os comportamentos do terapeuta e do cliente apresentaram alterações ao longo dos encontros de supervisões e das sessões terapêuticas. A análise da interação verbal livre em uma díade permitiu fazer inferências acerca de algumas variáveis de controle neste tipo de interação.In this work an analysis of a free, ongoing verbal interaction between therapy supervisor and a beginning therapist was carried out aiming to identify variables involved in the supervision procedure adopted. The participant's verbal behavior was divided into functional classes of responses, named "verbalizations categories", from which all vocal responses could be classified. The results showed a regularity in the supervisor verbal behavior, while the therapist's and client's behavior showed changes along supervision meetings and therapy sessions. The analysis of a free verbal interaction in a dyad allowed to make inferences about some controlling variables in this sort of interaction.

Producción e impacto de las instituciones españolas de investigación en Arts and Humanities Citation Index (2003-2012

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Dorta-González, Pablo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This essay reviews both the scholarly output and impact factor of Spanish research institutions in the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI database, managed by the Thomson-Reuters Web of Science. Based on a bibliometric analysis of a range of variables it has been possible to identify those institutions with the best performance indicators, the journals publishing the most articles, the most productive areas of research, and other relevant data on publishing patterns in the Humanities. The study reveals that the most productive Spanish institutions in the Humanities are the same as those that lead the performance figures in other areas; it also highlights the outstanding production of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC.Se analiza la producción y el impacto de las publicaciones de las instituciones españolas de investigación en la fuente de datos Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI, de Thomson-Reuters Web of Science. El análisis bibliométrico incluye diversas variables y permite identificar las instituciones con mayor producción, las revistas que concentran un mayor número de artículos, las áreas de investigación con mayor producción y algunos aspectos relacionados con los hábitos de publicación en el ámbito de las Humanidades. El estudio pone de manifiesto que las instituciones con mayor producción son las mismas que encabezan también la producción en otras áreas, así como la destacada producción del CSIC.

The Human Behavioral Ecology of Contemporary World Issues : Applications to Public Policy and International Development.

Science.gov (United States)

Tucker, Bram; Rende Taylor, Lisa

2007-09-01

Human behavioral ecology (HBE) began as an attempt to explain human economic, reproductive, and social behavior using neodarwinian theory in concert with theory from ecology and economics, and ethnographic methods. HBE has addressed subsistence decision-making, cooperation, life history trade-offs, parental investment, mate choice, and marriage strategies among hunter-gatherers, herders, peasants, and wage earners in rural and urban settings throughout the world. Despite our rich insights into human behavior, HBE has very rarely been used as a tool to help the people with whom we work. This article introduces a special issue of Human Nature which explores the application of HBE to significant world issues through the design and critique of public policy and international development projects. The articles by Tucker, Shenk, Leonetti et al., and Neil were presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) in Washington, D.C., in December 2005, in the first organized session of the nascent Evolutionary Anthropology Section (EAS). We conclude this introduction by summarizing some theoretical challenges to applying HBE, and ways in which evolutionary anthropologists can contribute to solving tough world issues.

Modeling and Recognizing Driver Behavior Based on Driving Data: A Survey

OpenAIRE

Wang, Wenshuo; Xi, Junqiang; Chen, Huiyan

2014-01-01

In recent years, modeling and recognizing driver behavior have become crucial to understanding intelligence transport systems, human-vehicle systems, and intelligent vehicle systems. A wide range of both mathematical identification methods and modeling methods of driver behavior are presented from the control point of view in this paper based on the driving data, such as the brake/throttle pedal position and the steering wheel angle, among others. Subsequently, the driver’s characteristics de...

Fatores de risco comportamentais acumulados para doenças cardiovasculares no sul do Brasil Factores de riesgo conductuales acumulados en enfermedades cardiovasculares en el sur de Brasil Accumulated behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Brazil

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Ludmila Correa Muniz

2012-06-01

de base poblacional con muestra representativa de 2.732 adultos de ambos sexos de Pelotas, Sur de Brasil, en 2010. Los factores de riesgo conductuales investigados fueron: tabaquismo; inactividad física en las horas de ocio; consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne, e consumo diario de embutidos, carne roja y leche integral. El desenlace del estudio fue el escore de aglomeración de factores de riesgo conductuales, variando de cero a tres: ningún factor de riesgo conductual para enfermedades cardiovasculares o exposición a 1, 2 o > 3 factores de riesgo conductuales. Se realizó regresión logística multinomial para evaluar el efecto ajustado de las características individuales sobre la acumulación de factores de riesgo conductuales, teniendo como categoría de referencia individuos sin alguno de los factores. RESULTADOS: La inactividad física fue el factor de riesgo más prevaleciente (75,6%, seguido del consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne (52,3%. Dos tercios de la población presentaron dos o más factores de riesgo conductuales. La combinación de inactividad física y consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne ocurrió en 17,5% de la muestra; e inactividad física, consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne y tabaquismo, en 6,7%. Los odds ratios de acumulación de dos o más factores fueron mayores entre hombres y se asociaron inversamente con el indicador económico nacional. CONCLUSIONES: La acumulación de factores de riesgo conductuales en enfermedades cardiovasculares es elevada en la población estudiada. Son necesarias intervenciones públicas capaces de prevenir la ocurrencia simultánea de tales factores.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, accumulated risky behavior relating to cardiovascular diseases among adults. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study on a representative sample of 2732 adults of both sexes in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2010. The behavioral

Comportamento da palha de cana-de-açúcar submetida ao corte por meio de ensaios de bancada Behavior of sugarcane trash submitted to shearing in laboratory conditions

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Aloisio Bianchini

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Do ponto de vista da engenharia, poucos trabalhos a respeito do corte de restos culturais têm sido publicados, sendo escassas, portanto, as informações sobre o assunto. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou-se, estudar o comportamento da palha da cana-de-açúcar quanto ao corte, em função de sua umidade, espessura de sua camada e do ângulo oblíquo da lâmina. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um transdutor de força, acoplado á base das lâminas, e um sistema automático de coleta de dados, que trabalhou com taxa de aquisição de 9600 Hz. Os resultados demonstraram diferença significativa na força requerida quando se varia o ângulo oblíquo da lâmina e tendência linear desta força, com o aumento da quantidade de palha, entre 4 e 16 t ha-1. Verificou-se, também, que o requerimento de força e a demanda de energia, quando se variou a umidade da palha, apresentaram comportamento exponencial sendo que, acima de 28%, em base seca, as diferenças para a força de corte requerida e para a demanda de energia passaram a não ser mais significativas. A força máxima de corte apresentou tendência linear e inversamente proporcional ao ângulo oblíquo da lâmina.From an engineering standpoint, few papers on crop residue shearing have been published, especially with respect to sugarcane and information on the subject is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the behavior of sugarcane trash submitted to shearing, as a function of its moisture content, thickness of trash layer and the oblique angle of the blade. A strength transducer, connected to the base of the blades and to an automatic data logger, was utilized to collect data, working at an acquisition rate of 9600 Hz. Results showed significant differences in the required strength when the oblique angle of the blade is changed, and a linear trend with the amount of trash between 4 and 16 t ha-1. The strength requirement and the energy demand showed an

Decision making models and human factors: TOPSIS and Ergonomic Behaviors (TOPSIS-EB

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Mohammad

2017-02-01

Full Text Available An effective safety management requires attention to human factors as well as system compo-nents which make risky or safe situations at technical components. This study evaluates and ana-lyze ergonomic behaviors in order to select the best work shift group in an Iranian process in-dustry, in 2010.The methodology was based on the Ergonomic Behavior Sampling (EBS, and TOPSIS method. After specifying the unergonomic behaviors and with reference to the results of a pilot study, a sample of 1755 was determined, with a sampling accuracy of 5% and confi-dence level of 95%. However, in order to gain more confidence, 2631 observations were collect-ed. The results indicate that 43.6% of workers’ behaviors were unergonomic. The most frequent unergonomic behavior was amusing of legs while load lifting with 83.01% of total unergonomic behaviors observations. Using TOPSIS method, the most effective shift group and the least at-tractive alternatives for intervention were selected in this company. Findings declare high number of unergonomic behaviors. Catastrophic consequences of accidents in petrochemical industry ne-cessitate attention to workers’ ergonomic behaviors in the workplace and promotion of them.

Irrational Human Behaviors

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Orhan Şener

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Neo Classical economists used to posit that, since consumers are rational, they make decisions to maximize their pleasure (utility. Opposing to Neo Classical understanding, Behavioral Economists argue that, consumers are infect not rational, but prone to all sort of biases and habits that pull them being rational. For instance, there are too many irrational choices made by the Turkish consumers like; expensive wedding parties given by low income families; although riding bicycle is healthy and cheap, but people buy expensive cars; it is cheaper staying at a hotel or a timeshare, however people buy expensive summer houses, where they stayed only few weeks a year. These type of irrational behaviors adversely affect the decisions on savings, investments and economic growth. On the consumers irrationality, Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics, wrote Prospect Theory. They developed a cognitive psychological model to explain divergences from neoclassical economics. They claimed that people take decisions under psychological, social, emotional and economic factors that affect market prices and resource allocation. In order to explain the irrational behaviors of Turkish consumers, I utilized some concepts such as conspicuous consumption (or keeping up with Johns, Veblen Effect, Bandwagon Effect, bounded rationality, 20 to 80 Law and ethical considerations developed by Behavioral Economists and Heterodox Economics. Thus, I came to conclusion that why the free market economic understanding fails in Turkey by giving some examples and economic reasons stated in the last section of this paper.

Comportamiento de una pista experimental de pavimento flexible con base estabilizada con cal Behavior of an experimental track of flexible pavement with lime stabilized base

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César Augusto Hidalgo Montoya

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan resultados de una investigación realizada para determinar las propiedades de deformabilidad de bases estabilizadas con cal a partir de ensayos de campo no destructivos. Se realizaron ensayos de placa estática y viga Benkelman en un tramo de prueba de pavimento flexible de 70m de longitud. Se usaron diferentes mezclas de suelo-cal y varios espesores de la estructura para evaluar el comportamiento del pavimento. A partir de los resultados de estos ensayos fueron realizados retroanálisis del comportamiento del pavimento. El método de los elementos finitos y el modelo elástico de esfuerzos y deformaciones en sistema de capas múltiples se usaron en los retroanálisis para estimar los módulos de deformabilidad de la base estabilizada con cal. Se concluye que la adición de cal mejora sustancialmente las propiedades de los pavimentos evaluados.This paper presents results of a research carried out to determine the proprieties of deformation of lime stabilized bases using non destructive field tests. Static plate tests and Benkelman beam tests were made on an experimental track of flexible pavement of 70 m length. Several mixtures of soil-lime and several thickness of the stabilized base were used to evaluate the behavior of the pavement. With the results of these tests, back analysis of the behavior of pavement was carried out. The finite elements method and the elastic stress and strain in a multi layers system were used to estimate the deformation modulus of the lime stabilized bases. It is concluded that the lime addition significantly improves the properties of evaluated pavements.

ON THE R-CURVE BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL

OpenAIRE

Bajaj, Devendra; Arola, Dwayne

2009-01-01

In this study the crack growth resistance behavior and fracture toughness of human tooth enamel were quantified using incremental crack growth measures and conventional fracture mechanics. Results showed that enamel undergoes an increase in crack growth resistance (i.e. rising R-curve) with crack extension from the outer to the inner enamel, and that the rise in toughness is function of distance from the Dentin Enamel Junction (DEJ). The outer enamel exhibited the lowest apparent toughness (0...

Factors That Influence Human Behavior And Negatively Affect Energy Consumption In USMC Ground Units During Operations

Science.gov (United States)

2016-09-01

behaviors believed responsible for these actions. The final category of inefficient energy behaviors analyzed is vehicle use. Vehicles consume 70...transitions to a summary of collected data that includes where energy is consumed and inefficient uses resulting from human behavior . The data is...tropical areas of Southeast Asia were gathered that captured the employment of energy producing and consuming devices as well as related user behaviors

Características de comportamiento sexual en hombres de la Ciudad de México Characteristics of sexual behavior in the male population from Mexico City

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Carlos Hernández-Girón

1999-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar las principales características de comportamiento sexual en hombres de la Ciudad de México, incluyendo número de parejas sexuales, antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS y creencias acerca del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA. Material y métodos. Durante 1995 se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal, basado en un muestreo multietápico por conglomerados; se entrevistó a 1 377 hombres de 15 a 49 años de edad, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se realizaron pruebas de significancia como t de Student y ji². Resultados. Entre los entrevistados la media de edad fue de 34.5 años (DE= 7.5 años, y la media de inicio de relaciones sexuales de 17.7 años (DE= 2.8 años. La proporción global de uso de condón durante la última relación sexual fue de 24.6%; de acuerdo con el tipo de pareja sexual femenina en el último año, 18.8% lo usaron con parejas regulares y 62.5% con múltiples parejas. El 2% refirió síntomas sugestivos de uretritis gonocócica. Finalmente 97.5% refirió saber qué significaba la palabra SIDA y conocer ciertas medidas protectoras contra la infección. Conclusiones. En este estudio se identificaron características de comportamiento sexual riesgoso para adquirir y transmitir alguna ETS, como tener múltiples parejas sexuales, no usar el condón y presentar antecedentes de ETS.Objective. To determine the major features of sexual behavior in men from Mexico City, such as the number of sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD and beliefs on AIDS. Material and methods. A transversal epidemiologic study was conducted in 1995 based on multistage sampling with conglomerates. A total of 1 377 males from 15 to 49 years of age was interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Statistics such as Student's test and chi² were applied to determine significance. Results. Subject

O grupo de trabalho de humanização e a humanização da assistência hospitalar: percepção de usuários, profissionais e gestores The workgroups of humanization in the process of health care humanization: users', professionals' and managers' viewpoints

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Adir Valdemar Garcia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta uma reflexão em torno da temática da humanização da assistência à saúde, trazendo também os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou diagnosticar a eficácia dos Grupos de Trabalho de Humanização no processo de humanização da assistência a partir da percepção de usuários, profissionais e gestores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, uma vez que levantou aspectos da realidade, caracterizando- se por investigações de cunho bibliográfico, documental e investigativo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em dois hospitais públicos do estado de Santa Catarina, entre 2008 e 2009, e obteve-se como resultado que havia grande desconhecimento sobre a Política Nacional de Humanização e que os GTHs não estavam sendo eficazes no processo de humanização da assistência. Muitos dos limites apontados para que estes pudessem ser eficazes fugiam às possiblidades de atuação dos mesmos, pois relacionavam-se, principalmente, a questões de âmbito político-administrativo mais amplas, bem como a características próprias da sociabilidade capitalista.This paper presents a discussion on health care humanization, bringing the results of a research aimed at diagnosing the effectiveness of Workgroups of Humanization in the process of heatlh care humanization from the users, professionalsand managersviewpoints. It is an exploratory research, in that it dealt with aspects of reality, and characterizes as a bibliographic, documental, and investigative study. The research was carried out from 2008 to 2009, and the data was collected at two public hospitals in the State of Santa Catarina. The results showed that the National Policy for Humanization was greatly unknown and that the Workgroups of Humanization were not effective in the process of health care humanization; many of the factors considered essential for the effectiveness of the process escaped their control, their possibility of implementing actions, since they

Distinct motor strategies underlying split-belt adaptation in human walking and running.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogawa, Tetsuya; Kawashima, Noritaka; Obata, Hiroki; Kanosue, Kazuyuki; Nakazawa, Kimitaka

2015-01-01

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the adaptive and de-adaptive nature of human running on a split-belt treadmill. The degree of adaptation and de-adaptation was compared with those in walking by calculating the antero-posterior component of the ground reaction force (GRF). Adaptation to walking and running on a split-belt resulted in a prominent asymmetry in the movement pattern upon return to the normal belt condition, while the two components of the GRF showed different behaviors depending on the gaits. The anterior braking component showed prominent adaptive and de-adaptive behaviors in both gaits. The posterior propulsive component, on the other hand, exhibited such behavior only in running, while that in walking showed only short-term aftereffect (lasting less than 10 seconds) accompanied by largely reactive responses. These results demonstrate a possible difference in motor strategies (that is, the use of reactive feedback and adaptive feedforward control) by the central nervous system (CNS) for split-belt locomotor adaptation between walking and running. The present results provide basic knowledge on neural control of human walking and running as well as possible strategies for gait training in athletic and rehabilitation scenes.

Distinct motor strategies underlying split-belt adaptation in human walking and running.

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Tetsuya Ogawa

Full Text Available The aim of the present study was to elucidate the adaptive and de-adaptive nature of human running on a split-belt treadmill. The degree of adaptation and de-adaptation was compared with those in walking by calculating the antero-posterior component of the ground reaction force (GRF. Adaptation to walking and running on a split-belt resulted in a prominent asymmetry in the movement pattern upon return to the normal belt condition, while the two components of the GRF showed different behaviors depending on the gaits. The anterior braking component showed prominent adaptive and de-adaptive behaviors in both gaits. The posterior propulsive component, on the other hand, exhibited such behavior only in running, while that in walking showed only short-term aftereffect (lasting less than 10 seconds accompanied by largely reactive responses. These results demonstrate a possible difference in motor strategies (that is, the use of reactive feedback and adaptive feedforward control by the central nervous system (CNS for split-belt locomotor adaptation between walking and running. The present results provide basic knowledge on neural control of human walking and running as well as possible strategies for gait training in athletic and rehabilitation scenes.

Endocrinology of human female sexuality, mating, and reproductive behavior.

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Motta-Mena, Natalie V; Puts, David A

2017-05-01

Hormones orchestrate and coordinate human female sexual development, sexuality, and reproduction in relation to three types of phenotypic changes: life history transitions such as puberty and childbirth, responses to contextual factors such as caloric intake and stress, and cyclical patterns such as the ovulatory cycle. Here, we review the endocrinology underlying women's reproductive phenotypes, including sexual orientation and gender identity, mate preferences, competition for mates, sex drive, and maternal behavior. We highlight distinctive aspects of women's sexuality such as the possession of sexual ornaments, relatively cryptic fertile windows, extended sexual behavior across the ovulatory cycle, and a period of midlife reproductive senescence-and we focus on how hormonal mechanisms were shaped by selection to produce adaptive outcomes. We conclude with suggestions for future research to elucidate how hormonal mechanisms subserve women's reproductive phenotypes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dilemma of concepts and strategies for the prevention of spread of HIV in relation to human behavior, law and human rights

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Dennin, Reinhard H.; Lafrenz, Michael; Sinn, Arndt; Li, Lan-juan

2011-01-01

The new prevalence data regarding the estimated global number of human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) cases, i.e., including people who are either aware or unaware of their HIV infection in 2010, lead many to wonder why the increase in incidence has reached today’s unprecedented level and escalated within such a short time. This, in spite of prevention campaigns in countries affected by HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with their urgent messages aimed at preventing HIV transmission by promoting changes in individual’s behavior. This article analyzes the background of the prevention strategies, in particular their political, social and legal concepts in terms of human rights, and reveals traits of human behavior not considered thus far. A radical reappraisal is necessary, at social and legislative levels, as well as options additional to current concepts. When ethical issues come up, they become blamed for outmoded moralistic positions. However, ignoring the reality has led to dire consequences from prioritizing individual human rights over society’s collective need to prevent the spread of HIV. PMID:21726067

You Look Human, But Act Like a Machine: Agent Appearance and Behavior Modulate Different Aspects of Human–Robot Interaction

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Abdulaziz Abubshait

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Gaze following occurs automatically in social interactions, but the degree to which gaze is followed depends on whether an agent is perceived to have a mind, making its behavior socially more relevant for the interaction. Mind perception also modulates the attitudes we have toward others, and determines the degree of empathy, prosociality, and morality invested in social interactions. Seeing mind in others is not exclusive to human agents, but mind can also be ascribed to non-human agents like robots, as long as their appearance and/or behavior allows them to be perceived as intentional beings. Previous studies have shown that human appearance and reliable behavior induce mind perception to robot agents, and positively affect attitudes and performance in human–robot interaction. What has not been investigated so far is whether different triggers of mind perception have an independent or interactive effect on attitudes and performance in human–robot interaction. We examine this question by manipulating agent appearance (human vs. robot and behavior (reliable vs. random within the same paradigm and examine how congruent (human/reliable vs. robot/random versus incongruent (human/random vs. robot/reliable combinations of these triggers affect performance (i.e., gaze following and attitudes (i.e., agent ratings in human–robot interaction. The results show that both appearance and behavior affect human–robot interaction but that the two triggers seem to operate in isolation, with appearance more strongly impacting attitudes, and behavior more strongly affecting performance. The implications of these findings for human–robot interaction are discussed.

Intrapopulational body size variation and cranial capacity variation in Middle Pleistocene humans: the Sima de los Huesos sample (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Lorenzo, C; Carretero, J M; Arsuaga, J L; Gracia, A; Martínez, I

1998-05-01

A sexual dimorphism more marked than in living humans has been claimed for European Middle Pleistocene humans, Neandertals and prehistoric modern humans. In this paper, body size and cranial capacity variation are studied in the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene sample. This is the largest sample of non-modern humans found to date from one single site, and with all skeletal elements represented. Since the techniques available to estimate the degree of sexual dimorphism in small palaeontological samples are all unsatisfactory, we have used the bootstraping method to asses the magnitude of the variation in the Sima de los Huesos sample compared to modern human intrapopulational variation. We analyze size variation without attempting to sex the specimens a priori. Anatomical regions investigated are scapular glenoid fossa; acetabulum; humeral proximal and distal epiphyses; ulnar proximal epiphysis; radial neck; proximal femur; humeral, femoral, ulnar and tibial shaft; lumbosacral joint; patella; calcaneum; and talar trochlea. In the Sima de los Huesos sample only the humeral midshaft perimeter shows an unusual high variation (only when it is expressed by the maximum ratio, not by the coefficient of variation). In spite of that the cranial capacity range at Sima de los Huesos almost spans the rest of the European and African Middle Pleistocene range. The maximum ratio is in the central part of the distribution of modern human samples. Thus, the hypothesis of a greater sexual dimorphism in Middle Pleistocene populations than in modern populations is not supported by either cranial or postcranial evidence from Sima de los Huesos.

De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans

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Mammary gland (MG) de novo lipogenesis contributes significantly to milk fat in animals but little is known in humans. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the incorporation of 13C carbons from [U-13C]glucose into fatty acids (FA) and glycerol in triglycerides (TG) will be greater: 1) in milk tha...

A Network Neuroscience of Human Learning: Potential to Inform Quantitative Theories of Brain and Behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Bassett, Danielle S; Mattar, Marcelo G

2017-04-01

Humans adapt their behavior to their external environment in a process often facilitated by learning. Efforts to describe learning empirically can be complemented by quantitative theories that map changes in neurophysiology to changes in behavior. In this review we highlight recent advances in network science that offer a sets of tools and a general perspective that may be particularly useful in understanding types of learning that are supported by distributed neural circuits. We describe recent applications of these tools to neuroimaging data that provide unique insights into adaptive neural processes, the attainment of knowledge, and the acquisition of new skills, forming a network neuroscience of human learning. While promising, the tools have yet to be linked to the well-formulated models of behavior that are commonly utilized in cognitive psychology. We argue that continued progress will require the explicit marriage of network approaches to neuroimaging data and quantitative models of behavior. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comportamento de pastejo e ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em pastagens de milheto e papuã Grazing behavior and forage ingestion by beef heifers on pearl millet and alexander grass pastures

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Vagner Guasso da Costa

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Foram estudados o desempenho, o comportamento e a ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em pastagem de milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L. Leeke e papuã (Urochloa plantaginea no período de janeiro a abril de 2008. Foi utilizado o método de pastejo contínuo com número variável de animais. A ingestão de forragem foi estimada nos estádios vegetativo e reprodutivo das forrageiras usando o óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. As avaliações de comportamento foram feitas por meio de observação visual, em quatro períodos contínuos de 24 horas. Os valores médios de massa de forragem, oferta de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares foram de 3.927 kg/ha de MS, 14,6 kg de MS/100 kg de peso corporal (PC e 3,36 kg de MS/100 kg de PC, respectivamente. As variáveis do pasto, o desempenho animal, o comportamento ingestivo e a ingestão de forragem foram semelhantes entre milheto e papuã. As variáveis da forragem, desempenho animal e tempos de pastejo, ócio e ruminação e número de bocados por dia apresentaram variação ao longo dos dias de utilização da pastagem. A ingestão de forragem foi de 2,49% do peso corporal e não variou conforme o estádio fenológico. Em áreas infestadas com papuã, sua utilização em pastejo proporciona desempenho semelhante ao obtido com milheto.It was studied performance, behavior and forage ingestion by beef heifers on pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L. Leeke and Alexander grass (Urochloa plantaginea pastures from January to April 2008. The continuous grazing method with a variable number of animals was used. Forage ingestion was estimated during vegetative and reproductive stage of forage plants using chromic oxide as fecal production marker. Evaluations of behavior were carried out by visual observation in four 24-hour continuous periods. Mean values of forage mass, forage offer and leaf blade offer were 3,927 kg/ha of DM, 14.6 kg of DM/100 kg BW and 3.36 kg of DM/100 kg BW

MANAGEMENT 0F THE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND OF PEOPLE: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY GESTIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES Y GESTIÓN DE PERSONAS: UN ESTUDIO DE OBSERVACIÓN GESTÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL E GESTÃO DE PESSOAS: UM ESTUDO OBSERVACIONAL

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Nildes Pitombo Leite

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This work describes an analysis of the management of organizational behavior by observing a group ofindividuals from a strategic level of a multinational organization in the petrochemical industry located inCandeias, BA, Brazil formed for the purpose of facilitating changes in organizational behavior and attitude.This study sought to answer the question of how management of organizational behavior may contribute tothe improvement of policies, practices and tools for managing people in this organization in line with theoverall objective of analyzing the management of organizational behavior of that organization. Thetheoretical foundation with its major landmarks of Dutra, 2002; Casado, 2007; Lacombe & Chu, 2008;Mascarenhas, 2008; Lengnick-Hall, M. L, Lengnick-Hall, C. A.; Andrad & Drake, 2009; Albuquerque andLeite, 2009, briefly contextualized the elements of organizational behavioral management by identifyingattitudes and values associated with them, based on the group behavior. The study is qualitative andobservational, based on participant observation of group behavior in the natural setting of discussionsduring seven business meetings. The discussion that took place in four sequential focus group sessions wasused to assist analysis of data obtained from the business meetings. The method of content analysis was used,based on excerpts both observed and recorded, for business meetings, interactions and focus group discussions. Results indicate that the basis of behavior management to improve the management practices ofpeople in this organization is trust combined with the clarity that the desire of its members is to beproductive, and their need is to be recognizedEste trabajo retrata un análisis de la gestión del comportamiento de las organizaciones, por medio de laobservación de un grupo del nivel estratégico de una organización multinacional del sector industrialpetroquímico, ubicada en Candeias – BA, dedicado al  propósito de

The Psychology of Isolated and Confined Environments: Understanding Human Behavior in Antarctica.

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Palinkas, Lawrence A.

2003-01-01

Reviews lessons learned from research in Antarctica with relevance to understanding human behavior in other isolated and confined environments. Outlines four distinct characteristics of psychosocial adaptation to such environments and discusses some of the benefits for individuals seeking challenging experiences. (Contains references.) (SLD)

Morphological and behavioral development of the piracanjuba larvae Desenvolvimento morfológico e comportamental de larvas de piracanjuba

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Cláudia Maria Reis Raposo Maciel

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to study the morphologic development and the swimming and feeding behaviors of piracanjuba larvae, Brycon orbignyanus Valenciennes (1849 (Characiformes, Characidae, Bryconinae, during the period from zero to 172 hours after hatching (standard length = 3.62 - 11.94 mm. The morphological analyses were accomplished by using a trinocular stereo microscope, while the behavioral analyses were performed through periodic observations. In 28 hours after hatching, the larvae (standard length = 6.25 ± 0.13 mm showed the following structural and behavioral characteristics that made them become active predators able to overcome a larval critical phase, the beginning of exogenous feeding: presence of pigmented eyes, terminal and wide mouth, developed oral dentition, developing digestive tube, yolk sac reduction, fins and swim bladder formation, horizontal swimming, cannibalism, and predation. Intense cannibalism among larvae was verified from 26 to 72 hours. At the end of the metamorphosis - 172 hours after hatching - the larvae measuring 11.94 + 0.80 mm in standard length presented a flexed notochord, caudal fin bifurcation, dorsal and anal fin formation, synchronized movements, and formation of shoals, characteristics that together allow enhanced perception and locomotio in exploration of the environment, determining the best moment for transfering to the fishponds. New studies can contribute to commercial fish farming by improving feeding management, performance, survival, and productivity of this species.Objetivou-se estudar o desenvolvimento morfológico e os comportamentos natatório e alimentar de larvas de piracanjuba, Brycon orbignyanus Valenciennes (1849 (Characiformes, Characidae, Bryconinae no período de 0 a 172 horas após a eclosão (comprimento-padrão = 3,62 - 11,94 mm. As análises morfológicas foram realizadas com auxílio de um microscópio estereoscópico trinocular e as comportamentais, por meio de

Human behavior and opportunities for parasite transmission in communities surrounding long-tailed macaque populations in Bali, Indonesia.

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Lane-DeGraaf, Kelly E; Putra, I G A Arta; Wandia, I Nengah; Rompis, Aida; Hollocher, Hope; Fuentes, Agustin

2014-02-01

Spatial overlap and shared resources between humans and wildlife can exacerbate parasite transmission dynamics. In Bali, Indonesia, an agricultural-religious temple system provides sanctuaries for long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), concentrating them in areas in close proximity to humans. In this study, we interviewed individuals in communities surrounding 13 macaque populations about their willingness to participate in behaviors that would put them at risk of exposure to gastrointestinal parasites to understand if age, education level, or occupation are significant determinants of exposure behaviors. These exposure risk behaviors and attitudes include fear of macaques, direct contact with macaques, owning pet macaques, hunting and eating macaques, and overlapping water uses. We find that willingness to participate in exposure risk behaviors are correlated with an individual's occupation, age, and/or education level. We also found that because the actual risk of infection varies across populations, activities such as direct macaque contact and pet ownership, could be putting individuals at real risk in certain contexts. Thus, we show that human demographics and social structure can influence willingness to participate in behaviors putting them at increased risk for exposure to parasites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Large animals as potential models of human mental and behavioral disorders.

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Danek, Michał; Danek, Janusz; Araszkiewicz, Aleksander

2017-12-30

Many animal models in different species have been developed for mental and behavioral disorders. This review presents large animals (dog, ovine, swine, horse) as potential models of this disorders. The article was based on the researches that were published in the peer-reviewed journals. Aliterature research was carried out using the PubMed database. The above issues were discussed in the several problem groups in accordance with the WHO International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10thRevision (ICD-10), in particular regarding: organic, including symptomatic, disorders; mental disorders (Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, pernicious anemia and hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease); behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (alcoholic intoxication, abuse of morphine); schizophrenia and other schizotypal disorders (puerperal psychosis); mood (affective) disorders (depressive episode); neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder); behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (anxiety disorders, anorexia nervosa, narcolepsy); mental retardation (Cohen syndrome, Down syndrome, Hunter syndrome); behavioral and emotional disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). This data indicates many large animal disorders which can be models to examine the above human mental and behavioral disorders.

Comportamento de Aedes albopictus e de Ae. scapularis adultos (Diptera: Culicidae no Sudeste do Brasil Adults Aedes albopictus and Ae. scapularis behavior (Diptera: Culidae in Southeastern Brazil

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Oswaldo Paulo Forattini

2000-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Observar e comparar o comportamento das espécies de Aedes albopictus e de Ae. scapularis, na localidade de Pedrinhas, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: As observações foram feitas de outubro de 1996 a janeiro de 2000. Foram realizadas coletas sistemáticas de formas adultas mediante a utilização de isca humana, aspirações ambientais e armadilha tipo Shannon. A domiciliação foi estimada pelo índice de Nuorteva e pela razão de sinantropia. RESULTADOS: Foram feitas 87 coletas diurnas, com a obtenção de 872 adultos fêmeas. As médias de Williams', multiplicadas por 100, foram de 118 e 21 para Ae. albopictus nos horários de 7h às 18h e de 18h às 20h, respectivamente. Quanto a Ae. scapularis, foram de 100 e 106 nos mesmos períodos. Esse último revelou pico de atividade crepuscular vespertina. Na aspiração de abrigos, obteve-se o total de 1.124 espécimens, dos quais 226 Ae. albopictus e 898 Ae. scapularis. O período de janeiro a maio correspondeu ao de maior rendimento para ambos os mosquitos. Quanto à armadilha de Shannon, as coletas realizadas na mata revelaram a ausência de Ae. albopictus. No que concerne à domiciliação, esse último mostrou os maiores valores de índices, enquanto Ae. scapularis revelou comportamento de tipo ubiquista. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados confirmam outras observações, permitindo levantar hipóteses. Em relação a Ae. scapularis, sugere-se que possa existir fenômeno de diapausa das fêmeas no período verão-outono, a qual cessaria no inverno-primavera quando então a atividade seria retomada. Quanto a Ae. albopictus, os dados sugerem que se trata de população em processo adaptativo ao novo ambiente.OBJECTIVE: Aedes albopictus and Ae. scapularis were found living together in the Pedrinhas Village, Southeastern of São Paulo State, Brazil. This finding was a good opportunity to make observations about the mosquitoes' behavior. METHODS: From October 1996 to

Itervenção cognitivo-comportamental em violência sexual: estudo de caso Itervención de cognitivo-comportamental en un caso de violencia sexual Cognitive-behavior intervention with sexual violence: case report

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Eliane Regina Lucânia

2009-12-01

, problemas comportamentales, síntomas indicativos del estrés post-traumático y los síntomas moderados de la depresión, agravados por el episodio de la violencia. También fueron observadas repeticiones de padrones transgeneracionales: el comportamiento promiscuo, el alcoholismo, el abuso sexual y la inestabilidad en las relaciones. Resultados muestran la reducción de las quejas iniciales, la adquisición del nuevo repertorio comportamental, mejor funcionamiento psico social y el impacto positivo de la intervención. Los datos indican la necesidad de la inclusión de las familias en el proceso.Sexual violence is a serious problem of public health: it reaches all social classes, ethnics, religions and cultures, specially children and adolescents of the female sex. The objective of the present study is to describe the impact of a cognitive-behavior intervention on a 13-year-old adolescent, victim of rape attempt. The process included 45 sessions, distributed in initial evaluation, intervention, final evaluation and follow-up. It also used semi-directed interview, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI, cognitive-behavior techniques, and mother counseling. On the first interview the therapist identified school and behavior problems, symptoms of pos-traumatic stress disorder and moderate symptoms of depression, intensified by the episode of violence. Transgerational standard repetition was also observed: promiscuous behavior, alcoholism, sexual violence and relationship instability. Results demonstrated reduction of the initial complaints, acquisition of new behavior repertoire, better psicossocial functioning and positive impact of the intervention. The data indicate the need for inclusion of the family in the process.

Humanizing outer space: architecture, habitability, and behavioral health

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Harrison, Albert A.

2010-03-01

Space architecture is the theory and practice of designing and building environments for humans in outer space. In our present century professional astronauts and cosmonauts will remain a focus for space architects, but new designs must better accommodate passengers (tourists and industrial workers) and settlers who set forth to establish off-world societies. Psychologists and architects can work together to assure good spaceflight behavioral health, defined by a lack of neuropsychiatric dysfunction, and the presence of high levels of personal adjustment, cordial interpersonal relations, and positive interactions with the physical and social environments. By designing and constructing facilities that are occupant centered and activity oriented, architects increase habitability thereby decreasing environmental challenges to behavioral health. Simulators and spaceflight-analogous environments make it possible to test design solutions prior to their deployment in space. This paper concludes with suggestions for increasing collaboration between architects and psychologists. These include increased sharing of hypotheses and data, articulating complementary research styles, and mutual advocacy for early, potent, and sustained involvement in mission planning and execution.

Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior

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Barban, Nicola; Jansen, Rick; de Vlaming, Ronald; Vaez, Ahmad; Mandemakers, Jornt J.; Tropf, Felix C.; Shen, Xia; Wilson, James F.; Chasman, Daniel I.; Nolte, Ilja M.; Tragante, Vinicius; van der Laan, Sander W.; Perry, John R. B.; Kong, Augustine; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer; Albrecht, Eva; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura; Atzmon, Gil; Auro, Kirsi; Ayers, Kristin; Bakshi, Andrew; Ben-Avraham, Danny; Berger, Klaus; Bergman, Aviv; Bertram, Lars; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Bjornsdottir, Gyda; Bonder, Marc Jan; Broer, Linda; Bui, Minh; Barbieri, Caterina; Cavadino, Alana; Chavarro, Jorge E; Turman, Constance; Concas, Maria Pina; Cordell, Heather J.; Davies, Gail; Eibich, Peter; Eriksson, Nicholas; Esko, Tõnu; Eriksson, Joel; Falahi, Fahimeh; Felix, Janine F.; Fontana, Mark Alan; Franke, Lude; Gandin, Ilaria; Gaskins, Audrey J.; Gieger, Christian; Gunderson, Erica P.; Guo, Xiuqing; Hayward, Caroline; He, Chunyan; Hofer, Edith; Huang, Hongyan; Joshi, Peter K.; Kanoni, Stavroula; Karlsson, Robert; Kiechl, Stefan; Kifley, Annette; Kluttig, Alexander; Kraft, Peter; Lagou, Vasiliki; Lecoeur, Cecile; Lahti, Jari; Li-Gao, Ruifang; Lind, Penelope A.; Liu, Tian; Makalic, Enes; Mamasoula, Crysovalanto; Matteson, Lindsay; Mbarek, Hamdi; McArdle, Patrick F.; McMahon, George; Meddens, S. Fleur W.; Mihailov, Evelin; Miller, Mike; Missmer, Stacey A.; Monnereau, Claire; van der Most, Peter J.; Myhre, Ronny; Nalls, Mike A.; Nutile, Teresa; Panagiota, Kalafati Ioanna; Porcu, Eleonora; Prokopenko, Inga; Rajan, Kumar B.; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Robino, Antonietta; Rose, Lynda M.; Rueedi, Rico; Ryan, Kathy; Saba, Yasaman; Schmidt, Daniel; Smith, Jennifer A.; Stolk, Lisette; Streeten, Elizabeth; Tonjes, Anke; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Ulivi, Sheila; Wedenoja, Juho; Wellmann, Juergen; Willeit, Peter; Yao, Jie; Yengo, Loic; Zhao, Jing Hua; Zhao, Wei; Zhernakova, Daria V.; Amin, Najaf; Andrews, Howard; Balkau, Beverley; Barzilai, Nir; Bergmann, Sven; Biino, Ginevra; Bisgaard, Hans; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Buring, Julie E.; Campbell, Harry; Cappellani, Stefania; Ciullo, Marina; Cox, Simon R.; Cucca, Francesco; Daniela, Toniolo; Davey-Smith, George; Deary, Ian J.; Dedoussis, George; Deloukas, Panos; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; de Geus, Eco JC.; Eriksson, Johan G.; Evans, Denis A.; Faul, Jessica D.; Felicita, Sala Cinzia; Froguel, Philippe; Gasparini, Paolo; Girotto, Giorgia; Grabe, Hans-Jörgen; Greiser, Karin Halina; Groenen, Patrick J.F.; de Haan, Hugoline G.; Haerting, Johannes; Harris, Tamara B.; Heath, Andrew C.; Heikkilä, Kauko; Hofman, Albert; Homuth, Georg; Holliday, Elizabeth G; Hopper, John; Hypponen, Elina; Jacobsson, Bo; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Johannesson, Magnus; Jugessur, Astanand; Kähönen, Mika; Kajantie, Eero; Kardia, Sharon L.R.; Keavney, Bernard; Kolcic, Ivana; Koponen, Päivikki; Kovacs, Peter; Kronenberg, Florian; Kutalik, Zoltan; La Bianca, Martina; Lachance, Genevieve; Iacono, William; Lai, Sandra; Lehtimäki, Terho; Liewald, David C; Lindgren, Cecilia; Liu, Yongmei; Luben, Robert; Lucht, Michael; Luoto, Riitta; Magnus, Per; Magnusson, Patrik K.E.; Martin, Nicholas G.; McGue, Matt; McQuillan, Ruth; Medland, Sarah E.; Meisinger, Christa; Mellström, Dan; Metspalu, Andres; Michela, Traglia; Milani, Lili; Mitchell, Paul; Montgomery, Grant W.; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis; de Mutsert, Renée; Nohr, Ellen A; Ohlsson, Claes; Olsen, Jørn; Ong, Ken K.; Paternoster, Lavinia; Pattie, Alison; Penninx, Brenda WJH; Perola, Markus; Peyser, Patricia A.; Pirastu, Mario; Polasek, Ozren; Power, Chris; Kaprio, Jaakko; Raffel, Leslie J.; Räikkönen, Katri; Raitakari, Olli; Ridker, Paul M.; Ring, Susan M.; Roll, Kathryn; Rudan, Igor; Ruggiero, Daniela; Rujescu, Dan; Salomaa, Veikko; Schlessinger, David; Schmidt, Helena; Schmidt, Reinhold; Schupf, Nicole; Smit, Johannes; Sorice, Rossella; Spector, Tim D.; Starr, John M.; Stöckl, Doris; Strauch, Konstantin; Stumvoll, Michael; Swertz, Morris A.; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Thurik, A. Roy; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Tönjes, Anke; Tung, Joyce Y.; Uitterlinden, André G.; Vaccargiu, Simona; Viikari, Jorma; Vitart, Veronique; Völzke, Henry; Vollenweider, Peter; Vuckovic, Dragana; Waage, Johannes; Wagner, Gert G.; Wang, Jie Jin; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Weir, David R.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Willeit, Johann; Wright, Alan F.; Zondervan, Krina T.; Stefansson, Kari; Krueger, Robert F.; Lee, James J.; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Cesarini, David; Koellinger, Philipp D.; den Hoed, Marcel; Snieder, Harold; Mills, Melinda C.

2017-01-01

The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior – age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB) – has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified and the underlying mechanisms of AFB and NEB are poorly understood. We report the largest genome-wide association study to date of both sexes including 251,151 individuals for AFB and 343,072 for NEB. We identified 12 independent loci that are significantly associated with AFB and/or NEB in a SNP-based genome-wide association study, and four additional loci in a gene-based effort. These loci harbor genes that are likely to play a role – either directly or by affecting non-local gene expression – in human reproduction and infertility, thereby increasing our understanding of these complex traits. PMID:27798627

Data sharing platforms for de-identified data from human clinical trials.

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Huser, Vojtech; Shmueli-Blumberg, Dikla

2018-04-01

Data sharing of de-identified individual participant data is being adopted by an increasing number of sponsors of human clinical trials. In addition to standardizing data syntax for shared trial data, semantic integration of various data elements is the focus of several initiatives that define research common data elements. This perspective article, in the first part, compares several data sharing platforms for de-identified clinical research data in terms of their size, policies and supported features. In the second part, we use a case study approach to describe in greater detail one data sharing platform (Data Share from National Institute of Drug Abuse). We present data on the past use of the platform, data formats offered, data de-identification approaches and its use of research common data elements. We conclude with a summary of current and expected future trends that facilitate secondary research use of data from completed human clinical trials.

Weather and place-based human behavior: recreational preferences and sensitivity

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de Freitas, C. R.

2015-01-01

This study examines the links between biometeorological variables and the behavior of beach recreationists along with their rating of overall weather conditions. To identify and describe significance of on-site atmospheric conditions, two separate forms of response are examined. The first is sensory perception of the immediate atmospheric surround expressed verbally, which was the subject of earlier work. In the research reported here, on-site observations of behavior that reflect the effects of weather and climate are examined. By employing, independently, separate indicators of on-site experience, the reliability of each is examined and interpreted and apparent threshold conditions verified. The study site is King's Beach located on the coast of Queensland, Australia. On-site observations of atmospheric variables and beach user behavior are made for the daylight hours of 45 days spread over a 12-month period. The results show that behavioral data provide reliable and meaningful indications of the significance of the atmospheric environment for leisure. Atmospheric conditions within the zone of acceptability are those that the beach users can readily cope with or modify by a range of minor behavioral adjustments. Optimal weather conditions appear to be those requiring no specific behavioral adjustment. Attendance levels reflect only the outer limits of acceptability of the meteorological environment, while duration of visit enables calibration of levels of approval in so far as it reflects rating of on-site weather within a broad zone of tolerance. In a broad theoretical sense, the results add to an understanding of the relationship between weather and human behavior. This information is potentially useful in effective tourism management and planning.

The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: a narrative review of animal and human studies.

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Brom, Mirte; Both, Stephanie; Laan, Ellen; Everaerd, Walter; Spinhoven, Philip

2014-01-01

Many theories of human sexual behavior assume that sexual stimuli obtain arousing properties through associative learning processes. It is widely accepted that classical conditioning contributes to the etiology of both normal and maladaptive human behaviors. Despite the hypothesized importance of basic learning processes in sexual behavior, research on classical conditioning of the sexual response in humans is scarce. In the present paper, animal studies and studies in humans on the role of pavlovian conditioning on sexual responses are reviewed. Animal research shows robust, direct effects of conditioning processes on partner- and place preference. On the contrast, the empirical research with humans in this area is limited and earlier studies within this field are plagued by methodological confounds. Although recent experimental demonstrations of human sexual conditioning are neither numerous nor robust, sexual arousal showed to be conditionable in both men and women. The present paper serves to highlight the major empirical findings and to renew the insight in how stimuli can acquire sexually arousing value. Hereby also related neurobiological processes in reward learning are discussed. Finally, the connections between animal and human research on the conditionability of sexual responses are discussed, and suggestions for future directions in human research are given. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Examination on Impact of Air Ions toward Human Social Disorder Behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganesha-Tri-Chandrasa

2000-01-01

Air ions are something that people can not see and feel. However, they exist surrounding human life. Imbalance inhalation of air ions can affect central nervous system, and physically it will affect human activities and create social disorder behavior. Some investigations have proved the relation above and devices for anticipating ionization have been innovated and available on the market. Furthermore, it has been found that individual resistance against ionization is different between genders. Therefore it is important to study character and to anticipate effects of ions and ionization, in order to build more comfortable environment. (author)

Comportamiento termodinámico de rotores para compresores de tornillo con nuevo perfil. // Thermodynamic behavior of new screw compressors rotors profile.

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A. Rivera Torres

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se evalúa el comportamiento termodinámico de rotores para compresores de tornillo con nuevosperfiles, realizado con ayuda del software Scorpath 2000. Ello permite predecir con precisión el desempeño completo delcompresor y su evaluación termodinámica, así como realizar comparaciones, en igualdad de condiciones, con el trabajo deotros compresores dotados de perfiles de otros tipos.Palabras claves: Termodinámica, compresores de tornillo, rotores.______________________________________________________________________Abstract.The article displays an evaluation of the thermodynamic behavior of screw compressor rotors with new profiles, obtainedwith the help of the Scorpath 2000 software. This allows predicting precisely the operation of the compressor, as well as itsthermodynamic evaluation, under equal conditions, with the work of other compressors fitted with rotor profiles of otherkinds.Key words. Thermodinamic behaviour, screw compressors, rotors.

A Proposta de Valor e o Capital Humano: práticas estratégicas de marketingValue Proposition and Human Capital: strategic marketing practicesPropuesta de Valor y Capital Humano: prácticas estratégicas de marketing

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SCHARF, Edson Roberto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMOUma das práticas de marketing adotada pelas organizações para ser mais eficiente diante do excesso de comunicação publicitária é a proposta de valor ao consumidor. Para o desenvolvimento desse processo, o capital humano é uma das possibilidades. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi identificar se há a aplicação do constructo “capital humano” nas fases de conceituação e de desenvolvimento da proposta de valor das organizações estudadas. O conjunto social foi composto de executivos de marketing das melhores empresas do país para se trabalhar. Foram adotadas as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa de pesquisa, com a técnica de análise de conteúdo e o método Análise Hierárquica do Processo, respectivamente. Os resultados do procedimento exploratório demonstraram que a totalidade das empresas entende o capital humano como atributo fundamental no desenvolvimento da proposta de valor e que a valorização da marca ocorre tendo como um dos principais pilares o capital humano. Os resultados do procedimento descritivo confirmaram o capital humano como um dos conceitos para a proposição de valor, embora esse processo de conceituação frequentemente seja alterado pelos parceiros estratégicos na etapa de desenvolvimento.ABSTRACTOne of the marketing practices adopted by organizations to be more efficient in face of the excess of advertising is the value proposition to consumers. The adoption of human capital is one of the options. To such end, the aim of this study was to confirm the use of the ‘human capital’ construct in both the conceptualization and development of the value proposition stages. The social group was comprised of marketing executives working for companies regarded as the best companies to work for. The results of the exploratory procedure showed that all companies understand that human capital is a key attribute in order to develop value proposition and that brand value takes place having human capital as

Reward-based behaviors and emotional processing in human with narcolepsy-cataplexy

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Sophie eBayard

2013-05-01

Full Text Available ajor advances in the past decade have led a better understanding of the pathophysiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy caused by the early loss of hypothalamic hypocretin neurons. Although a role for hypocretin in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness state is widely recognized, other functions, not necessarily related to arousal, have been identified. Hence, the hypocretin system enhances signaling in the mesolimbic pathways regulating reward processing, emotion and mood regulation, and addiction. Although studies on hypocretin-deficient mice have shown that hypocretin plays an essential role in reward-seeking, depression-like behavior and addiction, results in human narcolepsy remained subject to debate. Most of studies revealed that hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy patients either drug-free or medicated with psychostimulant had preferences towards risky choices in a decision-making task under ambiguity together with higher frequency of depressive symptoms and binge eating disorder compared to controls. However, human studies mostly reported the lack of association with pathological impulsivity and gambling, and substance and alcohol abuse in the context of narcolepsy-cataplexy. Prospective larger studies are required to confirm these findings in drug-free and medicated patients with narcolepsy. Inclusion of patients with other central hypersomnias without hypocretin deficiency will provide answer to the major question of the role of the hypocretin system in reward-based behaviors and emotional processing in humans.

Comportamento ingestivo de bezerros em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens Ingestive behavior of calves on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens

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Anderson de Moura Zanine

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de bezerros em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, no sistema de lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois pastos representando os tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições. O período experimental foi de 30 dias, sendo 20 para adaptação dos animais e 10 para avaliações, que consistiram de três, com duração de 24h cada, em intervalos de cinco dias. Os bezerros pastejaram menos tempo no pasto de Brachiaria brizantha, com tempo de 9,75h, enquanto que o pastejo na Brachiaria decumbens foi de 11,3h. Comportamento diferente foi observado para o tempo de ruminação: 6,8 e 6,4 para os pastos de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, respectivamente. O número de bocados por minuto foi menor para a Brachiaria decumbens, 31,15, enquanto que, para a Brachiaria brizantha, os bezerros pastejaram com uma taxa de bocados de 34,91 bocados por minuto. Os bezerros tiveram um ganho de peso médio diário superior no pasto de Brachiaria brizantha (390g dia-1, enquanto que, para a Brachiaria decumbens, o ganho diário foi de 340g dia-1.An experiment was carried out to evaluate the ingestive behavior of calves on Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens pastures, under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with two treatments (two pastures, and five replicates per treatment. The experimental period lasted 30 days, consisting of days 20 for adaptation of animals and 10 for behavioral evaluations that consisted of three periods of 24:00h each, in intervals of five days. The calves spent less time grazing Brachiaria brizantha pasture (9,8h than they did on the Brachiaria decumbens (11,3h. Different rumination times had been observed, 6,8 and 6,4 h for the animals grazing Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens

Comportamento de variedades de alface na região de Campinas - Parte II Behavior of lettuce varieties in the Campinas area

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José Botter Bernardi

1969-01-01

Full Text Available São apresentados os resultados de um ensaio de variedades de alface de cabeça. A variedade "Great Lakes'", do tipo de cabeça com fôlhas crêspas e verdes, mostrou-se mais produtiva e de melhor fechamento das cabeças. As variedades de fôlhas lisas situaram-se em segundo plano. Destas destacaram-se: "Shimabukuro", "Piracicaba" e "Gigante". As variedades menos produtivas foram "Maravilla de Ias Cuatro Estaciones" e "White Boston".The authors present the results of a trial of lettuce varieties, nearly all of them belonging to the butter-head type. In addition to productivity and quality of product, the trial was performed with a view to verify the behavior of the varieties under high-temperature conditions prevailing from September to November, this being the end of the period of cultivating, acceptable in conditions as of the Paulista Plateau. The variety "Great Lakes", of the crisp-head type, excelled the others in productivity and formation of heads. The following varieties placed themselves second in order: "Shimabukuro", "Piracicaba", "Gigante", "Bautzener Dauerkopf" and "La Chaume", all of them of the butter-head type. The less productive varieties, also of the same type as the before mentioned, were: "Maravilla de las Cuatro Estaciones" and "White Boston", the former presents, however, the external leaves consistent and of brownish tint, this causing depreciation of its commercial value. Of all varieties, the "White Boston'' is the most tender one and is mostly given preference by the Paulista consumer.

Análise do comportamento e a habilidade de leitura: um levantamento crítico de artigos do JABA Behavior analysis and reading skills: a critical survey of JABA's articles

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Luiza Cristina Mauad

2004-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho pretendeu, por meio de uma análise de revisão de artigos sobre habilidade de leitura no ensino regular no Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis - JABA nos anos de 1968 a 2002, identificar as formas de atuação propostas pela Análise do Comportamento para ensinar ou remediar esta habilidade. Montando-se um banco de dados de artigos encontrados e utilizando-se palavras-chave que nortearam a busca na web site do periódico, foi possível identificar os delineamentos experimentais utilizados nas intervenções, as variáveis experimentais manipuladas pelo experimentador, as variáveis de observação que foram tanto um comportamento apresentado pelo sujeito quanto uma modificação ambiental expressando esse comportamento, os tipos de reforçadores empregados e o objetivo de cada intervenção. O espectro das variáveis analisadas indicou múltiplas possibilidades interventivas que podem ser aplicadas em uma sala de aula do ensino regular de leitura aumentando a performance do aluno nesta habilidade. Na condição de prática do professor em procedimentos operantes pode ser possível aumentar a performance de ler do aluno e os procedimentos de tutoria apresentados mostraram-se como alternativa efetiva para classes numerosas, o que se aproxima da realidade do ensino regular.The present work intended to identify the approach ways proposed by the Behavior Analysis to teach or remedy this skill, throughout an analysis of an article review from the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis - JABA's over the years 1968 to 2002 about reading skills on the regular teaching. A data bank was build up from an article selection found by using the key words that nurtured the search on the journal web site. It was possible to identify among the analysis data collected experimental design used on the interventions, experimental variables manipulated by the researcher; observational variables that were sometimes a behavior presented by the

Intervalos de observações com diferentes escalas de tempo no comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras confinadas Intervals between observations at different time scales in the feeding behavior of dairy confined cows

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Fabrício Bacelar Lima Mendes

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se analisar as diferentes escalas de tempo para determinar qual o intervalo mais adequado no estudo do comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras confinadas. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Água Azul, Município de Macarani-Bahia, no período de outubro a novembro de 2005. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas mestiças Holandês, apresentando, em média, 478,5  15,89kg de peso corporal. Os tratamentos do presente estudo foram os intervalos (cinco, 10; 15; 20 e 30 minutos, observados durante o comportamento ingestivo. A observação do comportamento ocorreu no penúltimo dia de cada período de 12 dias durante 24 horas. Procedeu-se a análise de variância e a aplicação do teste de Dunnett, adotando-se 0,05 como nível crítico de probabilidade. Não houve efeito significativo das escalas de registro do tempo de alimentação, ruminação, ócio e para as eficiências de alimentação e ruminação. Para as variáveis dos números de períodos de alimentação, ruminação e ócio e os tempos por período de alimentação, ruminação e ócio, as escalas de 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos foram diferentes quando comparadas com o intervalo de observação de cinco minutos. As coletas totais dos tempos de alimentação ruminação e ócio, e as eficiências de alimentação e ruminação nos diferentes nutrientes podem ser realizadas com intervalo de observação de até 30 minutos. Para a discretização das séries temporais do comportamento ingestivo recomenda-se a escala de cinco minutos entre as observações.This study aimed to analyze different time scales to determine the most appropriate interval in the study of ingestive behavior of confined dairy cows. The experiment was conducted at the farm Blue Water, city of Macarani-Bahia, in the period from October to November 2005. 12 crossbred Holstein cows were used, with an average body weight of 478.5  15.89kg. The treatments of this study were the intervals (five; 10; 15; 20 and 30

Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain.

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Martínez, I; Rosa, M; Arsuaga, J-L; Jarabo, P; Quam, R; Lorenzo, C; Gracia, A; Carretero, J-M; Bermúdez de Castro, J-M; Carbonell, E

2004-07-06

Human hearing differs from that of chimpanzees and most other anthropoids in maintaining a relatively high sensitivity from 2 kHz up to 4 kHz, a region that contains relevant acoustic information in spoken language. Knowledge of the auditory capacities in human fossil ancestors could greatly enhance the understanding of when this human pattern emerged during the course of our evolutionary history. Here we use a comprehensive physical model to analyze the influence of skeletal structures on the acoustic filtering of the outer and middle ears in five fossil human specimens from the Middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra de Atapuerca of Spain. Our results show that the skeletal anatomy in these hominids is compatible with a human-like pattern of sound power transmission through the outer and middle ear at frequencies up to 5 kHz, suggesting that they already had auditory capacities similar to those of living humans in this frequency range.

Terapias cognitivo-comportamentais, terapias cognitivas e técnicas comportamentais para o transtorno de ansiedade social Cognitive behavioral-therapies, cognitive therapies and behavioral strategies for the treatment of social anxiety disorder

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Sara Costa Cabral Mululo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade social respondem de forma distinta a diferentes tipos de terapias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais, o que motiva a avaliação das melhores técnicas para o tratamento desse transtorno. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos controlados que avaliaram a eficácia das técnicas cognitivo e/ ou comportamentais na redução do transtorno de ansiedade social. MÉTODO: Análise sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed/MedLine, PsycINFO, Registro Cochrane de Ensaios Controlados, LILACS, ISI/Web of Science e em artigos relacionados. RESULTADOS: Não se encontrou consenso sobre a eficácia da associação da terapia cognitiva com técnicas comportamentais. Novas técnicas (tratamento por realidade virtual, tarefa de casa via computador e autoterapia com assistência terapêutica demonstraram ser tão eficazes quanto aquelas utilizadas na terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC padrão. A associação da TCC com evitação de comportamentos de segurança e com o treino de habilidades sociais apresentou vantagem adicional em relação ao modelo convencional. Entre as técnicas comportamentais, o treino em tarefa de concentração e a exposição foram as estratégias mais eficazes. O tratamento individual foi mais efetivo do que em grupo e o modelo de sessões semanais foi mais eficaz do que sessões no mínimo quinzenais. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos avaliados confirmaram que tanto técnicas cognitivas quanto comportamentais (convencionais e inovadoras são eficazes no tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade social.BACKGROUND: Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD exhibit distinctive patterns of response to different types of cognitive and/or behavioral treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the best techniques used for the treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review of controlled

El curriculum de medicina y la formación humanística: una experiencia piloto de Aprendizaje Servicio Internacional (ASI)

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Cabello, María Rosario; Ledesma-Albarrán, Juana María

2016-01-01

Introducción Las últimas décadas las facultades de medicina españolas han conseguido un alto nivel de formación ciéntifica y tecnológica de los estudiantes. Ésta gran dedicación a la transmisión de conocimientos y avances científicos ha llevado a una merma en la formación humanística y en valores, fundamental en la formación de un buen profesional médico. Para solventar esta carencia realizamos una experiencia piloto de practicas voluntarias de cooperación internacional para valorar la ...

Procedimiento de los investigadores de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata en la búsqueda de información = National University of La Plata researchers procedures in information search

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Silvia Albornoz

2002-12-01

Full Text Available La búsqueda de información y sus problemas colaterales inciden en el desarrollo de la actividad de los investigadores. Nos proponemos analizar esta temática a través del estudio de las pautas de comportamiento de investigadores de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de La Plata, para identificar conductas informativas y al mismo tiempo detectar obstáculos que impiden el aprovechamiento óptimo de la Biblioteca Central y las Bibliotecas Departamentales de la Institución. Los resultados obtenidos servirán de base para definir indicadores de calidad aplicables a la mejora continua de los servicios de biblioteca. Como resultado del análisis de metodologías aplicadas en estudios de usuarios se determinó combinar las perspectivas cuantitativa y cualitativa en este trabajo en curso = The search of information and its collateral problems affect the development of the researchers activity. We would like to analyze this subject through the study of the behavior guidelines of researchers of the Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences of the University of La Plata, in order to identify informative behavior and, at the same time, to find out the obstacles that avoid the optimal use of the Central Library and the Departmental Libraries of the Institution. The obtained results will serve as a base to define quality indicators applicable to the continuous improvement of the library services. As a result of the analysis of methodologies applied to user studies, it was decided to combine the quantitative and qualitative perspectives in this work.

Procedimiento de los investigadores de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata en la búsqueda de información National University of La Plata researchers procedures in information search

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Silvia Albornoz

2002-12-01

Full Text Available La búsqueda de información y sus problemas colaterales inciden en el desarrollo de la actividad de los investigadores. Nos proponemos analizar esta temática a través del estudio de las pautas de comportamiento de investigadores de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de La Plata, para identificar conductas informativas y al mismo tiempo detectar obstáculos que impiden el aprovechamiento óptimo de la Biblioteca Central y las Bibliotecas Departamentales de la Institución. Los resultados obtenidos servirán de base para definir indicadores de calidad aplicables a la mejora continua de los servicios de biblioteca. Como resultado del análisis de metodologías aplicadas en estudios de usuarios se determinó combinar las perspectivas cuantitativa y cualitativa en este trabajo en curso.The search of information and its collateral problems affect the development of the researchers activity. We would like to analyze this subject through the study of the behavior guidelines of researchers of the Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences of the University of La Plata, in order to identify informative behavior and, at the same time, to find out the obstacles that avoid the optimal use of the Central Library and the Departmental Libraries of the Institution. The obtained results will serve as a base to define quality indicators applicable to the continuous improvement of the library services. As a result of the analysis of methodologies applied to user studies, it was decided to combine the quantitative and qualitative perspectives in this work.

Avaliação das habilidades de vida independente e comportamento social de pacientes psiquiátricos desospitalizados Evaluation of independent living skills and social behavior of patients discharged from psychiatric hospitals

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Carlos Eduardo Leal Vidal

2007-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento social e as habilidades de vida independente de um grupo de pacientes psiquiátricos antes de sua saída do hospital e 2 anos após a sua transferência para as residências terapêuticas. MÉTODO: Estudo de corte transversal, realizado em duas etapas distintas, antes e depois, utilizando-se, como instrumentos, as escalas Independent Living Skills Survey e Social Behavior Scale. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (58,7%, com médias de idade e tempo de internação iguais a 57,5±11,8 anos e 29,8±10,2 anos; 54,6% tinham diagnóstico de esquizofrenia; 25,3%, de deficiência mental; e o restante, de categorias várias. Houve melhora significativa no comportamento social e no grau de autonomia dos pacientes (p OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing social behavior and independent living skills in a sample of psychiatric patients before their discharge from a mental hospital and after 2 years living in community facilities. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages using the Independent Living Skills Survey and the Social Behavior Scale. RESULTS: Most patients were male (58.7%. Mean age and hospitalization time were 57.5±11.8 and 29.8±10.2 years, respectively; 54.6% were schizophrenic, 25.3% had mental retardation and the remainder had different diagnoses. There was significant improvement in patients' social behavior and level of autonomy (p <0.05, as evidenced by comparison of their scores in stages 1 and 2. Hospitalization time, age and baseline score were the variables with the most consistent association with evolution scores. DISCUSSION: Patients' impairments in social role functioning and autonomy levels before their discharge from a mental health hospital were not incompatible with living in society. Patients showed great improvement in social behavior and level of autonomy after 2 years, defined by evolution scores measured

Associação entre comportamentos de risco à saúde de pais e adolescentes em escolares de zona rural de um município do Sul do Brasil Association between health risk behaviors in parents and adolescents in a rural area in southern Brazil

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Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre comportamentos de risco à saúde dos pais e adolescentes escolares de zona rural. Participaram 377 escolares entre 10 e 18 anos e 338 pais. Foram analisados: nível de atividade física no lazer e deslocamento, hábitos de alimentação inadequados, excesso de peso, uso de cigarros e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. A prevalência de relato de uso de cigarro e álcool nos últimos 30 dias entre os jovens foi de 6,7% e 27%, respectivamente. Quarenta e cinco por cento dos adolescentes não atingiram o escore de atividade física. A adesão aos passos para uma alimentação saudável foi baixa. A atividade física dos adolescentes esteve relacionada de forma positiva com a dos pais, e o consumo de álcool da mãe se associou de forma positiva com o consumo do adolescente. Para os outros comportamentos, não houve associação significativa. Na análise estratificada por sexo, o nível de atividade física do pai se associou ao nível de atividade física das meninas. O comportamento de risco à saúde dos pais associa-se ao mesmo comportamento dos adolescentes de zona rural.This article aimed to assess the association between health risk behaviors in parents and adolescents in a rural area. The sample included 377 schoolchildren 10 to 18 years of age and 338 parents. The following variables were analyzed: level of leisure-time and commuting physical activity, inadequate eating habits, overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Prevalence rates for smoking and alcohol consumption by adolescents in the previous 30 days were 6.7% and 27%, respectively. Forty-five percent of adolescents failed to reach the target physical activity score. Adherence to steps to healthy eating was low. Physical activity in adolescents was positively associated with that of parents, and adolescent drinking was associated with maternal alcohol consumption. There was no significant association for other behaviors. In the

Integrating human and natural systems in community psychology: an ecological model of stewardship behavior.

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Moskell, Christine; Allred, Shorna Broussard

2013-03-01

Community psychology (CP) research on the natural environment lacks a theoretical framework for analyzing the complex relationship between human systems and the natural world. We introduce other academic fields concerned with the interactions between humans and the natural environment, including environmental sociology and coupled human and natural systems. To demonstrate how the natural environment can be included within CP's ecological framework, we propose an ecological model of urban forest stewardship action. Although ecological models of behavior in CP have previously modeled health behaviors, we argue that these frameworks are also applicable to actions that positively influence the natural environment. We chose the environmental action of urban forest stewardship because cities across the United States are planting millions of trees and increased citizen participation in urban tree planting and stewardship will be needed to sustain the benefits provided by urban trees. We used the framework of an ecological model of behavior to illustrate multiple levels of factors that may promote or hinder involvement in urban forest stewardship actions. The implications of our model for the development of multi-level ecological interventions to foster stewardship actions are discussed, as well as directions for future research to further test and refine the model.

Biting behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes in Costa Marques, Rondonia, Brazil

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Terry A. Klein

1991-03-01

Full Text Available Mosquito collections were made in and near Costa Marques, Rondonia, Brazil, to determine anopheline anthropophilic/zoophilic behavior. Collections from a non-illuminated, bovine-baited trap and indoor and outdoor human-bait collections were compared. Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum were more anthropophilic than the other anophelines collected. The remainder of the Anopheles species were collected much morefrequently in bovine-baited traps than in human-bait collections. Anopheles darlingi and An. deaneorum were more frequently collected inside houses than the other anopheline species. But, when collections were made in a house with numerous openings in the walls, there were few differences in the percentages of each species biting man indoors versus outdoors. Anopheles darlingi was the predominant mosquito collected, both inside and outside houses, and had the strongest anthropophilic feeding behavior of the anophelines present.Para determinar o comportamento antropofilico e zoofilico dos anofelinos, foram capturados mosquitos na periferia e na zona urbana de Costa Marques, Rondônia, Brasil. Foram comparadas as capturas feitas à noite, com iscas bovinas e humanas, dentro efora de casa. O Anopheles darlingi e o Anopheles deaneorumforam mais antropojilicos do que os outros anofelinos capturados. O restante das espécies anofelinas foi capturado mais freqüentemente nas iscas bovinas do que nas humanas. Anopheles darlingi e Anopheles deaneorumforam capturados dentro de casa com mais freqüência do que as outras espécies anofelinas. Porém, quando a captura foi feita em casas com muitas aberturas nas paredes houve pouca diferença nas porcentagens de cada espécie sugadora de humanos dentro efora de casa. Anopheles darlingi foi o mosquito capturado com mais freqüência, dentro e fora de casa, e apresentava maior antropofilia em relação aos outros anofelinos presentes.

COMPORTAMIENTO DE METAMATERIAL (LHM Y CONVENCIONAL (RHM EN NANOESTRUCTURAS CILÍNDRICAS (NANOTUBOS METAMATERIAL (LHM AND CONVENTIONAL (RHM BEHAVIOR OF CYLINDRICAL NANOSTRUCTURES (NANOTUBES

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María Ester Onell

2009-08-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento convencional o "Right Handed Materials" (RHM y el comportamiento de metamaterial o "Left Handed Materials" (LHM desde el punto de vista clásico, en nanoestructuras cilíndricas (nanotubos construidas imponiendo condiciones de borde a una red bidimensional infinita de circuitos LC acoplados con interacción a primeros vecinos. Tipificaremos los materiales considerando el signo del coseno del ángulo formado por los vectores velocidad de grupo y velocidad de fase, siendo metamaterial o LHM cuando el coseno del ángulo sea negativo y convencional o RHM cuando el valor del coseno sea positivo. El eje de los nanocilindros se hace coincidir, como primer caso, con la línea de transmisión dual, y como segundo caso, con la línea de transmisión directa. Este estudio muestra que ambos nanocilindros tienen un comportamiento de RHM y LHM, y además se comportan como filtros pasa alto y pasa bajo, pero ahora aparece un número discreto de frecuencias de corte en cada caso, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en las líneas de transmisión.This paper studies the behavior of conventional or "Right-Handed Materials" (RHM and "Left Handed Materials" (LHM also named metamaterial, of cylindrical nanostructures (nanotubes from the classical point of view. The nanotubes are building imposing boundary conditions in an infinite two-dimensional network of coupled LC circuits with interaction to nearest-neighbors. In this article, materials are classified considering the sign of the cosine of the angle between the group velocity vector and the phase velocity vector, in such a way that we have LHM behavior for negative cosine and we have RHM when the cosine is positive. The axis of the nanocylinders coincides, as the first case, with the dual transmission line, and as a second case, with the direct or conventional transmission line. This study shows that both nanocyinders have RHM and LHM behavior. In addition, it is found that

Seroprevalencia de hantavirus en roedores y casos humanos en el sur de la Argentina Hantavirus seroprevalence in rodents and human cases in southern Argentina

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Edmundo Larrieu

2003-04-01

Full Text Available En la Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina, se presentaron casos humanos de síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH en la región de la cordillera andino patagónica. El virus Andes ha sido identificado en la región, tanto en el roedor Oligoryzomys longicaudatus como en seres humanos, demostrándose la transmisión principalmente del roedor al hombre y la factibilidad de la transmisión de persona a persona. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar nueva información sobre especies de roedores portadores de hantavirus en Argentina, su prevalencia de anticuerpos para hantavirus (período 1999-2001 y la relación del tamaño de las poblaciones de roedores y su seroprevalencia con la ocurrencia de casos humanos (período 1996-2001. Para ello, se procedió a la colocación de 3973 trampas para captura viva de roedores, tipo sherman en seis operativos efectuados entre octubre de 1999 y mayo de 2001. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de los roedores las que fueron procesadas mediante enzimoinmunoensayo con antígenos elaborados a partir de virus Andes. Una síntesis de los resultados indica 397 roedores capturados, con un éxito de trampeo del 10% y una prevalencia de anticuerpos contra hantavirus del 1.0%. Se observaron importantes diferencias en las especies capturadas en cada una de las regiones. Se capturaron O. longicaudatus y A. Olivaceus seropositivos y O. flavescens y C. Laucha potencialmente portadores de hantavirus Se registraron 6 casos humanos en el período 1993-1995 (correspondientes a estudios retrospectivos, 21 casos se notificaron en el período 1996-1998 y 6 en el período 1999-2001 Se analiza la correlación entre ocurrencia de casos humanos, seroprevalencia en roedores y éxito de trampeo.In the Province of Río Negro, Argentina, human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS have occurred in the region of the Patagonian Andean range. The Andes virus has been identified in the region, both in the rodent Oligoryzomys

Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Therapy: Considering Human Behaviors within the Social and Cultural Context of Individuals and Families.

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McCullough Chavis, Annie

2011-01-01

This article examines theoretical thoughts of social learning theory and behavioral therapy and their influences on human behavior within a social and cultural context. The article utilizes two case illustrations with applications for consumers. It points out the abundance of research studies concerning the effectiveness of social learning theory, and the paucity of research studies regarding effectiveness and evidence-based practices with diverse groups. Providing a social and cultural context in working with diverse groups with reference to social learning theory adds to the literature for more cultural considerations in adapting the theory to women, African Americans, and diverse groups.

Electrical stimulation of the human brain: perceptual and behavioral phenomena reported in the old and new literature

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Aslihan Selimbeyoglu

2010-05-01

Full Text Available In this review, we summarize the subjective experiential phenomena and behavioral changes that are caused by electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex or subcortical nuclei in awake and conscious human subjects. Our comprehensive review contains a detailed summary of the data obtained from electrical brain stimulation (EBS in humans in the last 100 years. Findings from the EBS studies may provide an additional layer of information about the neural correlates of cognition and behavior in healthy human subjects, or the neuroanatomy of illusions and hallucinations in patients with psychosis, and the anatomy of seizure signs and symptoms in patients with epilepsy. In addition to a comprehensive overview of published reports in the last hundred years, we discuss some of the fundamental concepts, issues, and remaining questions that have defined the field of EBS. We also review the current state of knowledge about the mechanism of action of EBS suggesting that the modulation of activity within a localized, but distributed, neuroanatomical network might explain the perceptual and behavioral phenomena that are reported during focal electrical stimulation of the human brain.

ALTERACIONES DEL CONTROL INHIBITORIO CONDUCTUAL EN NIÑOS DE 6 A 11 AÑOS CON TDAH FAMILIAR DE BARRANQUILLA - BEHAVIORAL CHANGES OF INHIBITORY CONTROL IN CHILDREN FROM 6 TO 11 YEARS OLD WITH FAMILY ADHD FROM BARRANQUILLA

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DAVID PINEDA SALAZAR

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Inhibitory control is the cognitive process responsible for the intentional and voluntary control, it means, the suppression of immediate responses requiring motor interference or behavioral inhibition. In this research, the multidimensional scale of behavior BASC-Teachers was used as a tool, for the description of executive behavior in the dimensions of behavioral control, emotional control, attention control and problem solving skills. We selected 52 children from 6 to 11 years old with family Attention Deficit Disorder Hyperactivity-ADHD and a control group. The main finding indicates that the dimension of executive behavior “problem solving” statistically and clinically differentiated children affected and not affected by ADHD, yielding in particular a lower score on the affected children. These results from the BASC-Executive validate the hypothesis regarding the presence of an alteration in the inhibitory behavioral control underlying the symptoms of ADHD.ResumenEl control inhibitorio es el proceso encargado del control intencional-voluntario, es decir, de la supresión de respuestas inmediatas que requieran interferencia motora o inhibición conductual.En la presente investigación, se utilizó como instrumento la escala multidimensional de la conducta BASC-Maestros para la descripción de las conductas ejecutivas en las dimensiones: control de la conducta, control emocional, control de la atención y capacidad de resolución de problemas. Se seleccionaron 52 niños de 6 a 11 años con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad-TDAH familiar y un grupo control. Como principal hallazgo, se indica que la dimensión de conducta ejecutiva “solución de problemas” diferenció estadísticay clínicamente a los niños afectados y no afectados de TDAH, arrojando en particular una puntuación más pobre en los niños afectados. Estos resultados del BASC- Ejecutivo validan la hipótesis relativa a la presencia de una alteración en

Human exposure to a 60 Hz, 1800 micro tesla magnetic field: a neuro behavioral study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Legros, A.; Corbacio, M.; Prato, F.S.; Thomas, A.W.; Beuter, A.; Goulet, D.; Lambrozo, J.; Souques, M.; Plante, M.

2010-01-01

The effects of time-varying magnetic fields (MF) on humans have been actively investigated for the past three decades. One important unanswered question that scientists continue to investigate is the potential for MF exposure to have acute effects on human biology. Different strategies have been used to tackle this question using various physiological, neuro-physiological and behavioral indicators. For example, researchers investigating electro-encephalography (EEG) have reported that Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, < 300 Hz) MF can increase the resting occipital alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) [1, 2]. Interestingly, other studies have demonstrated that human motor behavior can be modulated by ELF MF exposure, reporting that such an exposure can reduce anteroposterior standing balance oscillations [3, 4] or decrease physiological tremor intensity [5]. However, the main limitation in this domain is the difficulty of reproducing the results. A possible reason for this is the large variety of experimental approaches employed. Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate the effects of a 60 Hz, 1800 μT MF exposure on physiological (i.e. heart rate and peripheral blood perfusion), neuro-physiological (brain electrical activity), and behavioral (postural oscillations, voluntary motor functions, and physiological tremor) aspects in humans using a single experimental procedure.Though the results from this study suggest a subtle reduction of human standing balance as well as a subtle increase of physiological tremor amplitude with MF exposure, no effect appeared on other investigated parameters, suggesting that one hour of 60 Hz, 1800 μT MF exposure may modulate human involuntary motor control without being detected in the electrical activity of the brain. (authors)

III TALLER DE DISCUSIÓN SOBRE RESTITUCIÓN DE RESTOS HUMANOS DE INTERÉS ARQUEOLÓGICO Y BIOANTROPOLÓGICO / III Discussion Workshop on the Return of Human Remains of Archaeological and Bioanthropological Interest

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María Luz Endere

2014-11-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del III Taller de Discusión sobre Restitución de Restos Humanos de Interés Arqueológico llevado a cabo en Junio de 2013 en la ciudad de Olavarría.   Palabras Clave: restos humanos de origen arqueológico, restitución, etica, práctica profesional   Abstract This paper presents the results of the III Discussion Workshop to discuss human remains restitution of archaeological interest, held in June 2013 in the city of Olavarria.   Keywords: human remains from archaeological contexts, restitution, ethics, professional practice.

Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento del Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud

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Norbis Díaz Campos

Full Text Available La gestión del conocimiento es un proceso relacionado con la producción, transmisión y utilización del conocimiento y su pertinencia para el desempeño organizacional; en la actualidad han aparecido diversidad de modelos que prescriben su configuración. El presente artículo describe el modelo que fundamenta teórica y metodológicamente la aplicación de la gestión del conocimiento en el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud. Esta entidad dedicada a la producción y transmisión del conocimiento científico en estas áreas de conocimiento, no contaba con un modelo que permitiera estructurar el funcionamiento del proceso de su construcción y difusión en su interior y hacia el contexto. El modelo propuesto atiende la especificidad de los procesos de la entidad, y guía teórica y metodológicamente los flujos de información y conocimientos, las redes de actores presentes y los procesos de gestión de conocimiento que se integran en la dinámica de la organización.

Observations of human factors as a continuous improvement tool; Las obervaciones de factores humanos como herramienta de mejora continua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, P.

2015-07-01

Principles for Excellence in Human Performance should promote behaviors throughout an organization that support safety and reliable operation of the plant. Such behaviors must be clearly defined, communicated and reinforced by managers, on a continuous basis. To identify if workers behaviors are in compliance with those expected is paramount to have an observations program in place, which in one hand identifies deviations from expectations to correct them, and on the other promotes the desired behaviors through positive reinforcement. (Author)

Manipulación de embriones humanos: algunas objeciones Human embryos’ manipulations: some objections

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Carlos Alberto Gómez Fajardo

2008-01-01

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En este ensayo se entiende la ética como un saber práctico orientado hacia la “eupraxis”, el buen obrar. El acto médico prudente es respetuoso con la vida humana en condiciones de fragilidad. No todo lo que técnicamente se “puede” hacer, en realidad se “debe” hacer. La vida de los embriones humanos merece respeto pues son miembros de esta especie. En las aplicaciones de las tecnologías de manipulación embrionaria se causa de modo deliberado la muerte de aquellos, acción que es racionalmente inaceptable a la luz de la ética; por lo tanto, se debe ejercer objeción de conciencia ante tales actuaciones de la tecnociencia contemporánea.

Ethics is a practical knowledge, oriented to “eupraxis”, the good action. Prudential medical actions must behave respectfully toward human life in conditions of fragility. Not all things and actions that are technically possible are correct in terms of morality. Human embryos are members of our species; in the process of applying embryo manipulation techniques many of them are deliberately conducted to death. Such actions are rationally objectionable on an anthropological basis.

Amygdala Lesions Reduce Anxiety-like Behavior in a Human Benzodiazepine-Sensitive Approach-Avoidance Conflict Test.

Science.gov (United States)

Korn, Christoph W; Vunder, Johanna; Miró, Júlia; Fuentemilla, Lluís; Hurlemann, Rene; Bach, Dominik R

2017-10-01

Rodent approach-avoidance conflict tests are common preclinical models of human anxiety disorder. Their translational validity mainly rests on the observation that anxiolytic drugs reduce rodent anxiety-like behavior. Here, we capitalized on a recently developed approach-avoidance conflict computer game to investigate the impact of benzodiazepines and of amygdala lesions on putative human anxiety-like behavior. In successive epochs of this game, participants collect monetary tokens on a spatial grid while under threat of virtual predation. In a preregistered, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we tested the effect of a single dose (1 mg) of lorazepam (n = 59). We then compared 2 patients with bilateral amygdala lesions due to Urbach-Wiethe syndrome with age- and gender-matched control participants (n = 17). Based on a previous report, the primary outcome measure was the effect of intra-epoch time (i.e., an adaptation to increasing potential loss) on presence in the safe quadrant of the spatial grid. We hypothesized reduced loss adaptation in this measure under lorazepam and in patients with amygdala lesions. Lorazepam and amygdala lesions reduced loss adaptation in the primary outcome measure. We found similar results in several secondary outcome measures. The relative reduction of anxiety-like behavior in patients with amygdala lesions was qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from an impact of anterior hippocampus lesions found in a previous report. Our results establish the translational validity of human approach-avoidance conflict tests in terms of anxiolytic drug action. We identified the amygdala, in addition to the hippocampus, as a critical structure in human anxiety-like behavior. Copyright © 2017 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sex differences in the neural and behavioral response to intranasal oxytocin and vasopressin during human social interaction.

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Rilling, James K; Demarco, Ashley C; Hackett, Patrick D; Chen, Xu; Gautam, Pritam; Stair, Sabrina; Haroon, Ebrahim; Thompson, Richmond; Ditzen, Beate; Patel, Rajan; Pagnoni, Giuseppe

2014-01-01

Both oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are known to modulate social behavior, and dysfunction in both systems has been postulated as a potential cause of certain psychiatric disorders that involve social behavioral deficits. In particular, there is growing interest in intranasal OT as a potential treatment for certain psychiatric disorders, and preliminary pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest efficacy in alleviating some of the associated symptoms. However, the vast majority of research participants in these studies have been male, and there is evidence for sexually differentiated effects of nonapeptides in both humans and non-human animals. To date, no study has investigated the effect of intranasal OT on brain function in human males and females within the same paradigm. Previously, in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fMRI study, we reported effects of intranasal OT and AVP on behavior and brain activity of human males as they played an interactive social game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma Game. Here, we present findings from an identical study in human females, and compare these with our findings from males. Overall, we find that both behavioral and neural responses to intranasal OT and AVP are highly sexually differentiated. In women, AVP increased conciliatory behavior, and both OT and AVP caused women to treat computer partners more like humans. In men, AVP increased reciprocation of cooperation from both human and computer partners. However, no specific drug effects on behavior were shared between men and women. During cooperative interactions, both OT and AVP increased brain activity in men within areas rich in OT and AVP receptors and in areas playing a key role in reward, social bonding, arousal and memory (e.g., the striatum, basal forebrain, insula, amygdala and hippocampus), whereas OT and AVP either had no effect or in some cases actually decreased brain activity in these regions in women. OT treatment rendered neural responses

Indicadores de qualidade no gerenciamento de recursos humanos em enfermagem Indicadores de calidad en la administración de recursos humanos en enfermería Quality indicators of human resources in nursing

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Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima

2009-04-01

calidad de gerenciamiento de Recursos Humanos en Enfermería y refrendaron el uso de indicadores ya consagrados.This study will delineate with six nurses developing administrative activities, the meanings concerning quality indicators of Human Resources Management in Nursing. Data were obtained by means of interviews which allowed the construction of two categories: Administrative Activities - consisted of Meaning Units (MU Permanent/Continuing Education; Labor Organization/ Decision-making participation; Dimensioning personnel/Time to replace vacancies and Human Resources - with the MU Absenteeism; Job Rotation Employees; Scientific Education/Title/Production; Labor Accident Reports/Occupational Diseases/Leave of Absence and Labor Satisfaction/ Dissatisfaction. The nurse's reports allowed us to rescue important information to identify new constitutive elements of management quality in nursing human resources and confirmed the use of well-known indicators.

Comportamentos de saúde entre jovens estudantes das redes pública e privada da área metropolitana do Estado de São Paulo Health behavior among students of public and private schools in S. Paulo, Brazil

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Beatriz Carlini-Cotrim

2000-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar a freqüência de vários comportamentos de saúde entre estudantes secundários de escolas estaduais e particulares da cidade de São Paulo, SP. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, com o sorteio de dez escolas estaduais e a seleção de sete particulares. Em cada escola, quatro salas de aula foram sorteadas, entre a sétima série do ensino fundamental e a terceira série do ensino médio. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a versão do questionário de autopreenchimento utilizado pelo "Centers for Disease Control" para monitorar comportamentos de risco entre jovens. RESULTADOS: Uma proporção significativa de estudantes engajam-se em comportamentos de risco à saúde, principalmente na faixa de 15 a 18 anos de idade. Nas escolas públicas, os comportamentos mais freqüentes foram: andar de motocicleta sem capacete (70,4% dos estudantes que andaram de motocicleta; não utilização de preservativos na última relação sexual (34% dos sexualmente ativos; andar armado (4,8% dos respondentes no último ano e tentar suicídio (8,6% nos últimos 12 meses. Nas escolas privadas, o uso de substâncias psicoativas foi o comportamento de risco mais proeminente: 25% relatou pelo menos um episódio de uso de álcool; 20,2% usou algum inalante no último ano; e 22,2% consumiu maconha no mesmo período. As estudantes do sexo feminino relataram menos comportamentos de risco, à exceção de tentativas de suicídio e de controle de peso por métodos não saudáveis. CONCLUSÕES: As informações obtidas podem contribuir para a estruturação de ações programáticas que considerem a distribuição de comportamentos de saúde na clientela-alvo.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of several health behaviors among students of public and private schools in S. Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: An epidemiological survey about health behaviors among high school students was carried out in S. Paulo in 1998. Seventh to eleventh graders from ten

Three new human skulls from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site in Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Arsuaga, J L; Martínez, I; Gracia, A; Carretero, J M; Carbonell, E

1993-04-08

Three important fossil hominids were found in July 1992 in the Middle Pleistocene cave site called Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Northern Spain). One is a complete calvaria (cranium 4), the second a virtually complete cranium (cranium 5), the third represents a more fragmentary cranium of an immature individual (cranium 6). There is a large difference in size between the two adult specimens (for example endocranial volume 1,125 cm3 versus 1,390 cm3). The Atapuerca human remains are dated to > 300,000 years. The Atapuerca cranial sample fits within the 'archaic Homo sapiens' group, but is well differentiated from the Asian Homo erectus group. The extensive Atapuerca human collection is the most complete sample of Middle Pleistocene humans yet discovered from one site, and appears to document an early stage in Neanderthal evolution.

Human hyoid bones from the middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez, I; Arsuaga, J L; Quam, R; Carretero, J M; Gracia, A; Rodríguez, L

2008-01-01

This study describes and compares two hyoid bones from the middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain). The Atapuerca SH hyoids are humanlike in both their morphology and dimensions, and they clearly differ from the hyoid bones of chimpanzees and Australopithecus afarensis. Their comparison with the Neandertal specimens Kebara 2 and SDR-034 makes it possible to begin to approach the question of temporal variation and sexual dimorphism in this bone in fossil humans. The results presented here show that the degree of metric and anatomical variation in the fossil sample was similar in magnitude and kind to living humans. Modern hyoid morphology was present by at least 530 kya and appears to represent a shared derived feature of the modern human and Neandertal evolutionary lineages inherited from their last common ancestor.

Comportamiento de comunidades de lombrices de tierra en dos sistemas ganaderos Behavior of earthworm communities in two livestock production systems

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Saray Sánchez

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de comunidades de lombrices de tierra en dos sistemas ganaderos (pastizal de gramíneas y sistema silvopastoril, los cuales se manejaron para la ceba de animales vacunos y la producción de semillas, se realizó una investigación en la Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes «Indio Hatuey», Matanzas. Para el estudio de las comunidades de lombrices se hicieron seis colectas. En cada una de las áreas descritas se tomaron 40 muestras de suelo, según la Metodología del Programa de Investigación Internacional «Biología y Fertilidad del Suelo Tropical». Se encontraron 297 y 740 organismos en el pastizal de gramíneas y en el sistema silvopastoril, respectivamente. La especie Onychochaeta elegans mostró una mayor abundancia proporcional en el pastizal de gramíneas; mientras que en el sistema silvopastoril se encontraron tres especies, de ellas dos típicas de zonas boscosas: Polypheretima elongata y Onychochaeta windlei; la primera tuvo un mayor valor, con diferencias significativas respecto a las especies halladas del género Onychochaeta. Se concluye que la presencia de árboles en pastizales de gramíneas contribuye a estimular los organismos del suelo, en especial las lombrices de tierra, las que desempeñan un papel importante al mejorar no solo los indicadores físicos y químicos de este, sino también como estimuladoras de otros organismos.In order to evaluate the behavior of earthworm communities in two livestock production systems (grassland and silvopastoral system, which were managed for cattle fattening and seed production, a study was conducted at the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages «Indio Hatuey», Matanzas. For the study of the earthworm communities six collections were made. In each of the described areas 40 soil samples were taken, according to the Methodology of the International Research Program «Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility». In the grassland and

Micro-indentation fracture behavior of human enamel.

Science.gov (United States)

Padmanabhan, Sanosh Kunjalukkal; Balakrishnan, Avinash; Chu, Min-Cheol; Kim, Taik Nam; Cho, Seong Jai

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the crack resistance behavior (K(R)) of human enamel in relation to its microstructure. Human molar teeth were precision cut, polished and tested using Vickers micro-indentation at different loads ranging from 0.98 to 9.8 N. Five indentation load levels were considered, 20 indentation cracks for each load level were introduced on the surface of the test specimen (10 indentations per tooth) and their variability was evaluated using Weibull statistics and an empirical model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the crack morphology and propagation mechanisms involved. The results showed that enamel exhibited increasing cracking resistance (K(R)) with increasing load. It was found that the crack propagation mainly depended on the location and the microstructure it encountered. SEM showed the formation of crack bridges and crack deflection near the indentation crack tip. The crack mode was of Palmqvist type even at larger loads of 9.8 N. This was mainly attributed to the large process zone created by the interwoven lamellar rod like microstructure exhibited by the enamel surface. This study shows that there are still considerable prospects for improving dental ceramics and for mimicking the enamel structure developed by nature.

Intenção de mudança de comportamento em adolescentes para a prática de atividades físicas de lazer Intención de cambio en el comportamiento de los adolescentes para la práctica de actividades físicas de ocio Intention of behavior changing in adolescents to practice leisure physical activities

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Marcos Gonçalves Maciel

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a intenção da mudança de comportamento de adolescentes de diferentes níveis socioeconómicos (NSE para a prática de atividades físicas de lazer, adotando o Modelo Transteorético e a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com a participação de 416 adolescentes, pertencentes a escolas do ensino médio nas cidades de Belo Horizonte e Contagem/MG, com média de idade de 16,4 ± 1,2 anos. As análises foram feitas utilizando estatísticas descritivas e paramétricas (ANOVA e regressão logística. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a maioria dos adolescentes é inativa no lazer, e às variáveis, sexo, atitude e controle percebido são os fatores mais relevantes para classificar o nível de atividade física de lazer, sendo que as variáveis sociais (nível socioeconómico e norma subjetiva têm pouca importância para predizer a intenção de mudança de comportamento para a prática dessas atividades.El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la intención de cambiar el comportamiento de los adolescentes de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos (NSE para la práctica de actividades físicas de ocio, por la que se aprueba el modelo Transteoretico y la teoría de la Conducta Planificada (TCP. Se realizó un estudio transversal con la participación de 416 adolescentes, pertenecientes a las escuelas de enseñanza secundaria de las ciudades de Belo Horizonte y Contagem/MG, con una edad media de 16,4 ±1,2 años. Los análisis se realizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y paramétrico (ANOVA y regresión logística, con p The aim of this study was to investigate the intention of behavior changing in adolescents from different socioeconomic status (SES to leisure physical activities, adopting the transtheoretical model and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 416 adolescents belonging to high schools in the

Teens in trouble: cigarette use and risky behaviors among private, high school students in La Paz, Bolivia Adolescentes en problemas: consumo de cigarrillos y conductas de riesgo en estudiantes de escuelas privadas de enseñanza media superior de La Paz, Bolivia

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Kirk A. Dearden

2007-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to identify risky behaviors associated with smoking among adolescents attending high schools in a district of La Paz, Bolivia. METHODS: The Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to a sample of 394 males and 182 females, from 13-18 years of age, at six, randomly-selected schools in District II of La Paz. Frequencies, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with cigarette use during the 30 days prior to the survey. RESULTS: Approximately 40% of the sample (39.4% of males and 33.7% of females had smoked cigarettes in the 30 days prior to interview. For both males and females, consumption of alcohol was the single greatest risk factor associated with cigarette use. The males and females who reported consuming at least one alcoholic beverage on three or more occasions in the previous 30 days were 22.3 and 58.5 times (95% CIs: 6.7, 74.1 and 6.8, 502.6, respectively more likely to smoke tobacco than those who reported no alcohol consumption. Additional risk factors included having participated in a physical fight, having carried a weapon, having had sexual intercourse, and having used illicit drugs during the previous 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Because teenagers who smoke are also likely to engage in a variety of other risky behaviors, parents, school administrators, and health educators may wish to use smoking to identify at-risk individuals. Among Bolivian teenagers, interventions should focus on preventing cigarette use and associated risk behaviors.OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia del consumo de cigarrillos e identificar las conductas de riesgo asociadas con el hábito de fumar en adolescentes de enseñanza media superior de un distrito de La Paz, Bolivia. MÉTODOS: Se aplicó la Encuesta sobre Conductas de Riesgo en los Jóvenes a una muestra de 394 varones y 182 mujeres de 13-18 años de edad de seis escuelas del Distrito II de La Paz

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DRIVING SUPPORT SYSTEMS BASED ON HUMAN BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS

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Shunichi DOI

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Driving support and cruise assist systems are of growing importance in achieving both road traffic safety and convenience. Such driver support seeks to achieve, with the highest possible quality, nothing less than “driver-vehicle symbiosis under all conditions.” At the same time, many traffic accidents result from improper driver behavior. The author focuses on driver behavior under various driving conditions, conducting detailed measurement and analysis of visual perception and attention characteristics as well as perceptual characteristics involved in driving. The aim in doing so is to support research on driving support systems and driving workload reduction technologies that function as human-vehicle systems and take such characteristics into account.

Human monitoring and decision-making in man/machine systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johannsen, G.

1979-01-01

Monitoring and decision-making together are very well characterizing the role of the human operator in highly automated systems. In this report, the analysis of human monitoring and decision-making behavior as well as its modeling are described. The goal is to present a survey. 'Classic' and optimal control theoretic monitoring models are dealt with. The relationship between attention allocation and eye movements is discussed. As an example for applications, the evaluation of predictor displays by means of the optimal control model is explained. Fault detection in continuous signals and decision-making behavior of the human operator in fault diagnosis during different operation and maintenance situations are illustrated. The computer-aided decision-making is considered as a queueing problem. It is shown to what extent computer-aiding may be based on the state of human activity as measured by psychophysiological quantities. Finally, management information systems for different application areas are mentioned. As an appendix, the report includes an English-written paper in which the possibilities of mathematical modeling of human behavior in complex man-machine systems are critically assessed. (orig.) 891 GL/orig. 892 MKO [de

MULTIPLE HUMAN TRACKING IN COMPLEX SITUATION BY DATA ASSIMILATION WITH PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIOR MODEL

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W. Nakanishi

2012-07-01

Full Text Available A new method of multiple human tracking is proposed. The key concept is that to assume a tracking process as a data assimilation process. Despite the importance of understanding pedestrian behavior in public space with regard to achieving more sophisticated space design and flow control, automatic human tracking in complex situation is still challenging when people move close to each other or are occluded by others. For this difficulty, we stochastically combine existing tracking method by image processing with simulation models of walking behavior. We describe a system in a form of general state space model and define the components of the model according to the review on related works. Then we apply the proposed method to the data acquired at the ticket gate of the railway station. We show the high performance of the method, as well as compare the result with other model to present the advantage of integrating the behavior model to the tracking method. We also show the method's ability to acquire passenger flow information such as ticket gate choice and OD data automatically from the tracking result.

Human behavior preceding dog bites to the face.

Science.gov (United States)

Rezac, P; Rezac, K; Slama, P

2015-12-01

Facial injuries caused by dog bites pose a serious problem. The aims of this study were to determine human behavior immediately preceding a dog bite to the face and to assess the effects of victim age and gender and dog sex and size on the location of the bite to the face and the need for medical treatment. Complete data on 132 incidents of bites to the face were analysed. A human bending over a dog, putting the face close to the dog's face, and gazing between victim and dog closely preceded a dog bite to the face in 76%, 19% and 5% of cases, respectively. More than half of the bites were directed towards the central area of the victim's face (nose, lips). More than two thirds of the victims were children, none of the victims was an adult dog owner and only adult dogs bit the face. Victim's age and gender and dog's sex and size did not affect the location of the bite on the face. People who were bitten by large dogs sought medical treatment more often than people who were bitten by small dogs (P face close to the dog's face and gazing between human and dog should be avoided, and children should be carefully and constantly supervised when in the presence of dogs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Self-Care Behaviors and Health Indicators in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Conductas de autocuidado e indicadores de salud en adultos con diabetes tipo 2 Condutas de autocuidado e indicadores de saúde em adultos com diabetes tipo 2

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Lidia Guadalupe Compeán Ortiz

2010-08-01

Full Text Available This descriptive correlational study aimed to analyze self-care behaviors and their relationship with health indicators represented by glycemic control, lipid profile, Body Mass Index [BMI], waist circumference and body fat percentage in a sample of 98 adults with type 2 diabetes in an area of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (August 2005/May 2006. The results showed a low self-care behaviors index ( or = 36.94, SD=15.14. A significant relationship was found between self-care behaviors and glycosilated hemoglobin [HbA1c] (r s=-.379, pSe trata de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional que tuvo como objetivo analizar las conductas de autocuidado y su relación con indicadores de salud, representados por el control de la glucemia, perfil de lípidos, IMC, circunferencia de cintura y porcentaje de grasa corporal, en una muestra aleatoria de 98 adultos con diabetes tipo 2 de un zona periférica de la ciudad de Nuevo León, en México; los datos fueron recolectados entre agosto del 2005 y mayo del 2006. Los resultados mostraron un índice de autocuidado bajo (promedio= 36,94 y desvío estándar=15,14. Se encontró correlación significativa entre el autocuidado y la HbA1c (r s= 0,379, pEstudo descritivo correlacional que teve como objetivo analisar as condutas de autocuidado e a sua relação com indicadores de saúde, representados pelo controle glicêmico, perfil de lipídios, índice de massa corpórea (IMC, circunferência da cintura e porcentagem de gordura corporal, em amostra aleatória de 98 adultos com diabetes tipo 2, de uma zona conturbada em Nuevo León, México (agosto 2005/maio 2006. Os resultados mostraram índice de autocuidado baixo ( ou = 36,94, dp=15,14. Encontrou-se correlação significativa entre o autocuidado e a hemoglobina glicolisada (HbA1c (r s=0,379, p<0,001, triglicerídeos (r s=0,208, p=0,040, IMC (r s=0,248, p=0,014 e gordura corporal (r s=0,221, p=0,029. A análise multivariada revelou influência do autocuidado em HbA1c, IMC e

O conceito de ansiedade na análise do comportamento The concept of anxiety in behavior analysis

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Nilzabeth Leite Coêlho

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O conceito de ansiedade tem sido empregado na Análise do Comportamento sob controle de diferentes eventos ou relações. Neste artigo, oferecemos uma revisão dos modos como a análise do comportamento tem concebido teórica e conceitualmente o fenômeno da ansiedade e das relações que são colocadas em destaque nessas elaborações. Iniciamos com uma descrição dos usos correntes do conceito de ansiedade, assinalando que variam quanto ao papel atribuído às alterações fisiológicas, à definição das relações respondentes e operantes, verbais e não verbais, e às implicações para a terapia verbal. Discutimos, em seguida, essas variações, salientando que representam visões complementares de um fenômeno complexo, em que eventos adquirem diferentes funções a partir de processos de condicionamento direto e indireto. Finalmente, caracterizamos alguns aspectos definidores da ansiedade à luz do enfoque analítico-comportamental e argumentamos que as elaborações revisadas sugerem que a ansiedade, como problema clínico, pode guardar relação com repertórios de autocontrole.The concept of anxiety has been used in Behavior Analysis under the control of different events or relations. In this article, we offer a theoretical and conceptual review of behavior-analytic approaches for anxiety, and of the behavioral relations that are highlighted in the literature. We start with a description of the current usages of the concept of anxiety. We point out that such usages vary from the role assigned to physiological changes, to the definition of respondent and operant relations (verbal and non-verbal and to the implications for verbal therapy. We, then, discuss such variations as complementary explanations for a complex phenomenon, in which events acquire several functions, through processes of direct and indirect conditioning. Finally, we summarize some defining characteristics of anxiety from a behavior-analytic standpoint, and we argue

THE ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY. EL TRASFONDO ECONÓMICO DE UN CRIMEN DE LESA HUMANIDAD

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Renan Vega Cantor

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This article, as a result of research, aims to provide key elements, which take into account the links between the free trade and the permanent violation of the human rights and even with crimes against humanity; situations that do not constitute themselves in isolated, circumstantial facts, which are the product of the apparent simultaneousness between crime in abstract, developed in areas where strategic projects for the global economy are projected and developed, but in a matter related, caused, sustained by both national and international economic, political groups that make a profit with these mega-projects. RESUMEN El presente artículo resultado de investigación, pretende aportar elementos clave, que den cuenta de los nexos entre libre comercio y la violación permanente de los derechos humanos e incluso con delitos de lesa humanidad; situaciones que no se constituyen en hechos aislados, circunstanciales y producto de la simultaneidad aparente entre delincuencia en abstracto, desarrollada en zonas donde se proyectan y desarrollan proyectos estratégicos para la economía global, sino en un asunto relacionado, provocado, sostenido por los grupos económicos, políticos tanto nacionales como internacionales que ganan con estos mega-proyectos.

Toward an animal model for antisocial behavior : parallels between mice and humans

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Sluyter, F; Arseneault, L; Moffitt, TE; Veenema, AH; de Boer, S; Koolhaas, JM

The goal of this article is to examine whether mouse lines genetically selected for short and long attack latencies are good animal models for antisocial behavior in humans. To this end, we compared male Short and Long Attack Latency mice (SAL and LAL, respectively) with the extremes of the Dunedin

Irrational choice behavior in human and nonhuman primates.

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Perdue, Bonnie M; Brown, Ella R

2018-03-01

Choice behavior in humans has motivated a large body of research with a focus on whether decisions can be considered to be rational. In general, humans prefer having choice, as do a number of other species that have been tested, even though having increased choice does not necessarily yield a positive outcome. Humans have been found to choose an option more often only because the opportunity to select it was diminishing, an example of a deviation from economic rationality. Here we extend this paradigm to nonhuman primates in an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying this finding. In this study, we presented two groups of laboratory monkeys, capuchins (Cebus apella) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), as well as human subjects, with a computerized task in which subjects were presented with two differently colored icons. When the subject selected an icon, differing numbers of food pellets were dispensed (or points were assigned), making each icon correspond to a certain level of risk (one icon yielded 1 or 4 pellets/points and the other yielded 2 or 3). Initially, both options remained constantly available and we established choice preference scores for each subject. Then, we assessed preference patterns once the options were not continuously available. Specifically, choosing one icon would cause the other to shrink in size on the screen and eventually disappear if never selected. Selecting it would restore it to its full size. As predicted, humans shifted their risk preferences in the diminishing options phase, choosing to click on both icons more equally in order to keep both options available. At the group level, capuchin monkeys showed this pattern as well, but there was a great deal of individual variability in both capuchins and macaques. The present work suggests that there is some degree of continuity between human and nonhuman primates in the desire to have choice simply for the sake of having choice.

Human action in a Genomic Era: debates on human nature Ação humana na Era do Genoma: debates sobre a natureza humana

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Tatiana Gomes Rotondaro

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The supposed properties of 'genes' have led natural scientists to claim authority to explain the reasons of human action, behavior, and even human nature, which has traditionally been the object of study of the humanities. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possibilities of sociological theory dealing with the biological reductionism that establishes the strict articulation between 'human nature' and 'human action', presented in several speeches and papers by scientists and journalists and supported by features of 'genes'. I intend to argue that sociological theories may broaden their scope of analysis by encompassing biological dimensions, which does not necessarily mean adopting a biological reductionist approach.As supostas propriedades dos 'genes' levam os cientistas naturais a reivindicar autoridade para explicar as razões de atos, comportamentos e até a natureza humana, tradicional objeto de estudo das ciências humanas. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as possibilidades de a teoria sociológica lidar com o reducionismo biológico, que estabelece uma articulação exata entre 'natureza humana' e 'ação humana'. Tal reducionismo está presente em discursos e artigos de cientistas e jornalistas, e é embasado por características dos 'genes'. Argumento que as teorias sociológicas podem ampliar suas possibilidades de análise se incorporarem dimensões biológicas, o que não implica necessariamente adotar uma abordagem reducionista.

Do polymorphisms in chemosensory genes matter for human ingestive behavior?

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Hayes, John E; Feeney, Emma L; Allen, Alissa L

2013-12-01

In the last decade, basic research in chemoreceptor genetics and neurobiology have revolutionized our understanding of individual differences in chemosensation. From an evolutionary perspective, chemosensory variations appear to have arisen in response to different living environments, generally in the avoidance of toxins and to better detect vital food sources. Today, it is often assumed that these differences may drive variable food preferences and choices, with downstream effects on health and wellness. A growing body of evidence indicates chemosensory variation is far more complex than previously believed. However, just because a genetic polymorphism results in altered receptor function in cultured cells or even behavioral phenotypes in the laboratory, this variation may not be sufficient to influence food choice in free living humans. Still, there is ample evidence to indicate allelic variation in TAS2R38 predicts variation in bitterness of synthetic pharmaceuticals (e.g., propylthiouracil) and natural plant compounds (e.g., goitrin), and this variation associates with differential intake of alcohol and vegetables. Further, this is only one of 25 unique bitter taste genes ( TAS2Rs ) in humans, and emerging evidence suggests other TAS2Rs may also contain polymorphisms that a functional with respect to ingestive behavior. For example, TAS2R16 polymorphisms are linked to the bitterness of naturally occurring plant compounds and alcoholic beverage intake, a TAS2R19 polymorphism predicts differences in quinine bitterness and grapefruit bitterness and liking, and TAS2R31 polymorphisms associate with differential bitterness of plant compounds like aristolochic acid and the sulfonyl amide sweeteners saccharin and acesulfame-K. More critically with respect to food choices, these polymorphisms may vary independently from each other within and across individuals, meaning a monolithic one-size-fits-all approach to bitterness needs to be abandoned. Nor are genetic

Estudo do comportamento de compostos de PVC com adição de amido Study of the behavior of PVC compounds with added starch

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Lisandra Abatti

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento de compostos de PVC com adição de amido para aplicação especialmente na indústria calçadista. As propriedades mecânicas dos compostos nas proporções de 5, 7,5 e 10% foram estudadas através de ensaios de tração. Também foram verificados os índices de fluidez, alterações de propriedades quando submetidos ao envelhecimento artificial em estufa e natural ao expor às intempéries e enterrar no solo. A viabilidade da aplicação na indústria calçadista foi feita por injeção em gáspeas e tiras de sandálias, com testes de resistência, flexão e testes de campo. Os resultados demonstraram que o acréscimo de amido ao PVC provoca perda nas propriedades mecânicas, justificado pela baixa resistência mecânica do amido em relação ao PVC. Após envelhecimento em estufa o processo de retrogradação do amido deixa os compostos mais rígidos e com menor fluidez. Quando expostos às intempéries e ao solo, o PVC pode ser degradado com perda de HCl, o que leva à acidificação do solo. Nas aplicações em calçados e sandálias a resistência mecânica não atende aos requisitos do mercado. Apesar do baixo custo, o fraco comportamento mecânico dificulta sua viabilização para substituição em escala.This paper deals with the behavior of PVC compounds with addition of starch for applications, especially in the footwear industry. The mechanical properties of the compounds in the proportions of 5, 7.5 and 10% were studied using tensile tests. Also investigated were the flow rates, in addition to changes in properties when the material was subjected to artificial aging in an oven and exposed to natural weather and buried in the soil. The feasibility of application in the industry was evaluated with tests of endurance, strength and field tests in injection uppers and straps of sandals. The results showed that the addition of starch to PVC causes loss of mechanical properties, owing to

Comportamento ingestivo diurno de novilhas de corte recebendo níveis de suplemento Diurnal ingestive behavior of beef heifers receiving levels of supplement

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Stefani Macari

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a composição botânica da pastagem e o comportamento ingestivo diurno de bezerras de corte recebendo diferentes níveis de suplemento. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb. e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam., recebendo ração comercial nos níveis de 0; 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% do peso vivo (PV. Em quatro datas, foram registradas as atividades diurnas de pastejo, ruminação, ócio, número de visitas e tempo de permanência no cocho e taxa de bocadas. Com aumento dos níveis de suplemento, houve redução no tempo de pastejo e aumento no tempo de ócio (P0,05. A composição botânica e estrutural da pastagem é influenciada pelos níveis de suplemento utilizados e o ciclo de produção das forrageiras.The trial was conducted aiming to evaluate pasture botanical composition and diurnal ingestive behavior of beef heifers receiving different supplement levels. The animals were kept in black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb. and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. pasture, receiving 0; 0.3; 0.6 and 0.9% of live weight (LW of supplement. The supplement utilized was a commercial ration. In four dates were registrated diurnal activities of grazing, ruminating, idle, number of visits and trough permanence time and bite rate. Increasing supplement levels reduced grazing time and increased idle time (P0.05. Botanical and structural composition of pasture were influenced by supplement levels and related with herbage production cycle (P>0.05.

Construção e validação de conteúdo de uma escala de percepção, por professores, dos comportamentos agressivos de crianças na escola Construction and content's validation of the teacher's perception scale of school children aggressive behavior

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Carolina Saraiva de Macedo Lisboa

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo visa descrever a construção e a validação do conteúdo de uma escala de percepção, por professores, dos comportamentos agressivos de crianças na escola. Aspectos relacionados à direção da emissão dos comportamentos agressivos foram considerados, focalizando agressão dirigida para o(a professor(a, para os(as colegas ou para um âmbito geral. Vinte e oito itens foram elaborados, com base na literatura recente sobre agressividade e desenvolvimento infantil, e avaliados por quarenta juízes (vinte professores de Ensino Fundamental e vinte psicólogos especialistas em desenvolvimento humano. Os juízes indicaram a pertinência do item ao constructo teórico e à direção da agressão. A versão final da escala apresenta 41 itens, sendo 22 mantidos da primeira versão, quatro (4 itens novos, acrescidos segundo a sugestão dos juízes durante a validação de conteúdo, e quinze (15 novos itens, que abordam comportamentos positivos de crianças na escola. A escala pode ser utilizada com o objetivo de pesquisa científica, para avaliar a percepção de professores de Ensino Fundamental sobre o comportamento agressivo de crianças na escola. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para acumular outras evidências sobre a escala.The process of construction and content´s validation of the Teacher's Perception Scale of School Children Aggressive Behavior is described. The agressive behavior direction (toward teachers, peers, or in general is considered. Twenty-eight items were built based on literature, and evaluated by 40 judges, who indicated the adequacy of each item. The final version presents 41 items, 22 items about aggressive behavior, 15 items about positive, four new items suggested. The scale may be used for scientific research purpose, to evaluate the perception of elementary school teachers about school children aggressive behaviors. Other validation procedures are suggested.

AUTHENTICITY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN FREUD AND HEIDEGGER

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IONUŢ ŞTEFAN

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The research theme is the question of the authenticity of human behavior examined from two perspectives: the psychoanalytical one, developed by Sigmund Freud, and the one of philosophy of being embodied by Martin Heidegger. As concerns the Freudian psychoanalysis, I am primarily interested in the conflict among: self, ego, and superego. Because of the requisitions of the supergo, the subject mostly behaves according to the censorships imposed by this psychic instance. The self, dominated by sexuality and aggressiveness, exhibits the pulsional tendency to manifest itself in the conscious behavior of the individual. As regards the Heideggerian endeavor, I am interested in distinguishing between the authentic and non-authentic existences. In Heidegger’s vision, the nonauthentic existence manifests when we are living together with the others in society. This is the horizon of the impersonal “as it is done”, the Heideggerian das Man, which may be understood by the three dimensions: curiosity, ambiguity, and chatter. The authentic existence manifests when the individuals live on their own, in privacy, and acknowledge the fact that their existence develops over a strictly determined time period, the imminent confrontation with their own death coming closer and closer.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale for Brazilian Portuguese Adaptación transcultural y validación de la European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale para el Portugués de Brasil Adaptação transcultural e validação da European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale para o português do Brasil

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Maria Karolina Feijó

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation (translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pretesting and validation (assessment of face validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability were carried out in accordance with the literature. The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale assesses key components of self-care: recognition of the signs and symptoms of decompensated heart failure (HF and decision-making when these signs and symptoms arise. It comprises 12 items (range 12-60, where lower scores indicate better self-care. RESULTS: The sample comprised 124 HF patients with a mean age of 62.3 ± 12 years. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency was 0.70 and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility was 0.87. CONCLUSION: Face and content validity, internal consistency and reproducibility have lended validity and reliability for the use of the instrument in Brazil.OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale para uso en lengua portuguesa de Brasil. MÉTODOS: El proceso de adaptación cultural (traducción, síntesis, retro traducción, revisión por comité de expertos y pré test, validación (validez de facie, de contenido y confiabilidad fue realizado según la literatura. La European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale evalúa los componentes-clave para el auto cuidado: reconocimiento de señales y síntomas de descompensación de insuficiencia cardiaca (IC y la decisión cuando ocurren dichos síntomas. Se compone de 12 cuestiones (que van desde 12-60, en donde las puntuaciones bajas indican peor autocuidado. RESULTADOS: Fueron inclusos 124 pacientes con IC, con edad entre 62,3 ±12 años. La consistencia interna de las cuestiones presentó un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,70 y la reproducibilidad evaluada por el coeficiente de