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  1. Hipometabolismo cerebral em pacientes com esclerose mesial temporal demonstrado pelo FDG-PET Brain hypometabolism in patients with mesial-temporal sclerosis demonstrated by FDG-PET

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    PAULO S. DUARTE

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a extensão do hipometabolismo cerebral em pacientes com esclerose mesial temporal (EMT. MÉTODO: Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 21 pacientes que apresentavam epilepsia parcial complexa refrataria à terapia e que foram selecionados para cirurgia após análise extensa que incluía: EEG de superfície e estudos de neuroimagem (PET, SPECT e ressonância magnética. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a intervenção cirúrgica e tiveram confirmação histológica de EMT. Uma análise semi-quantitativa foi realizada, utilizando regiões de interesse (ROIs nas seguintes estruturas: lobos frontais, parietais e occipitais, gânglios da base, tálamos, cerebelo e três diferentes regiões nos lobos temporais, que compreendiam o córtex medial, inferior e lateral. Um índice de assimetria (IA foi calculado, comparando as contagens por pixel nas estruturas homólogas em ambos os hemisférios cerebrais. Os IAs das diferentes estruturas foram então correlacionados. RESULTADOS: Uma correlação significativa foi demonstrada entre os IAs do córtex medial dos lobos temporais e aqueles dos lobos frontais, dos lobos parietais, dos gânglios da base e dos tálamos (r = 0,72, 0,62, 0,47 e 0,47 respectivamente com p The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of brain hypometabolism in patients with mesial-temporal sclerosis (MTS. METHOD: This retrospective study included 21 patients who had medically refractory complex partial seizures and were selected for surgical therapy after a comprehensive evaluation which included surface EEG recordings and neuroimaging studies (PET, SPECT and MRI. All patients were subjected to surgical intervention and had an histopathological confirmation of MTS. A semi-quantitative analysis of the PET images was performed using regions of interest in the following structures: frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum and three different regions in the

  2. Desempenho cognitivo em pacientes operados de aneurisma cerebral

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    FOBE JEAN-LUC

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Vinte e cinco pacientes operados de aneurisma cerebral foram submetidos a avaliação cognitiva pós operatória tardia para linguagem, praxia, orientação, lógica, compreensão, memória, depressão, demência e gnosia visual. Os resultados foram correlacionados com idade, escala de Hunt-Hess à admissão, lado, local e tamanho do aneurisma, sangue à TC (Fisher, vaso-espasmo angiográfico (George. Déficit cognitivo tardio estava ausente em 8 pacientes (32%, era leve em 5 (20%, moderado em 6 (24% e grave em 6 (24%. A função cognitiva isoladamente mais alterada foi a da lógica com acometimento moderado e grave em 7 pacientes (28%, seguida de praxia em 6 (24%, orientação em 5 (20%, linguagem e memória em 4 (16%. A alteração gnósica visual, demência e depressão foram pouco frequentes. A compreensão estava levemente alterada em 3 pacientes. Na faixa etária 25-50 anos ocorreu melhor resultado cognitivo com sequela inexistente ou leve em 9 pacientes (75%. Os aneurismas da artéria comunicante posterior direita apresentaram déficit cognitivo tardio ausente ou leve em 5 pacientes (71,42%, os da artéria cerebral média direita apresentaram resultado equivalente em 2 (66,66%. Os aneurismas de artéria cerebral média esquerda apresentaram o pior resultado com sequela cognitiva moderada e grave em 5 pacientes (71,42%. As sequelas neuropsicológicas tardias apresentaram correlação direta com a idade, Hunt-Hess, sangue à TC, vaso-espasmo angiográfico e localização anatômica do aneurisma.

  3. Babesiose cerebral em bovinos: 20 casos

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    Rodrigues Aline

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Num estudo retrospectivo de 1.071 necropsias de bovinos, foram encontrados 20 casos de babesiose cerebral confirmados pelo exame de esfregaços do córtex telencefálico. A maioria desses casos ocorreu no verão, em bovinos adultos de raças européias ou suas cruzas. Além dos sinais clínicos neurológicos, observou-se hemoglobinúria, anorexia, febre, taquicardia, taquipnéia e queda na produção de leite. O hemograma realizado em cinco bovinos afetados revelou acentuada anemia regenerativa; em média, 20% dos eritrócitos estavam parasitados por Babesia bovis. Na necropsia de todos os casos, a substância cinzenta dos córtices telencefálico e cerebelar e dos núcleos da base era consistente e caracteristicamente róseo-cereja. Essa coloração devia-se ao seqüestro de eritrócitos nos capilares encefálicos. Nesses eritrócitos, podiam-se observar, tanto em esfregaços do córtex como em preparações histológicas do encéfalo, microorganismos com morfologia compatível com B. bovis. Outros achados de necropsia incluíam hemoglobinúria, rins vermelho-escuros, hepatoesplenomegalia, fígado vermelho-alaranjado, icterícia, hemorragias epicárdicas e endocárdicas e edema e congestão dos linfonodos mesentéricos.

  4. Confiabilidade de escalas de comprometimento neurológico em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral

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    Caneda Marco Aurélio Gralha de

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Escalas de comprometimento neurológico são utilizadas na avaliação de novos tratamentos, no acompanhamento da evolução clínica e em decisões terapêuticas. Estudamos a confiabilidade de três escalas: a Escala de Rankin (ER, o Índice de Barthel (IB e a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS versadas em português, em 51 indivíduos com acidente vascular cerebral, estimando a concordância entre resultados de diferentes examinadores. Utilizamos os coeficientes de concordância Kappa e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. A ER teve coeficientes moderados, substanciais ou excelentes. No IB estes foram substanciais ou excelentes nos totais e nos itens, assim como quando foi estratificado em agrupamentos prognósticos e funcionais. A NIHSS apresentou coeficientes excelentes nos totais, substanciais nos itens e moderados e excelentes nas estratificações em grupos de pontos e de itens afins. Estes resultados indicam que as versões em português da ER, o IB e a NIHSS apresentam adequada confiabilidade.

  5. Complicações respiratórias em pacientes com paralisia cerebral submetidos à anestesia geral

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    Mello, Sérgio Silva de; Marques, Ronaldo Soares; Saraiva, Renato Ângelo

    2007-01-01

    JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Anestesia em pacientes com paralisia cerebral (PC) pode representar um desafio para o anestesiologista. Este estudo prospectivo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e o risco de complicações respiratórias em crianças com PC submetidas à anestesia geral inalatória (AGI) para tomografia computadorizada (TC). MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo pacientes com idades entre 1 e 17 anos, estado físico ASA I a III, submetidos a AGI com sevoflurano e máscara laríngea para ...

  6. Anormalidades de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em indivíduos dependentes de cocaína Cerebral blood flow abnormalities in cocaine dependent subjects

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    Sergio Nicastri

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos, tem havido relatos de anormalidades do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em indivíduos com o abuso de cocaína, detectadas por meio de tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT. Esse padrão anormal de perfusão cerebral tem sido associado a prejuízos cognitivos mas não a alterações observáveis por meio de exames de neuroimagem estrutural. Um problema envolvendo a maioria dos trabalhos publicados sobre esse tema é a inclusão de um grande número de usuários de heroína nas amostras estudadas. Essa outra droga também parece afetar o padrão de perfusão cerebral, particularmente durante estados de abstinência. MÉTODOS: Quatorze pacientes dependentes de cocaína (nenhum com uso de opióides e 14 voluntários normais (grupo controle foram submetidos a exames de SPECT com dímero de etil-cisteína marcado com tecnécio-99m. A análise dos exames de SPECT foi realizada por meio de análise visual qualitativa das imagens obtidas (procedimento padrão na prática clínica, realizada por um radiologista não informado sobre o diagnóstico dos indivíduos avaliados. RESULTADOS: A análise visual revelou um padrão sugestivo de irregularidades do fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em nove pacientes, mas em apenas dois controles (p = 0,018; teste exato de Fisher bicaudal. CONCLUSÕES: Anormalidades de circulação cerebral podem ter relação com prejuízos cognitivos relatados em populações de dependentes de cocaína. Embora déficits de perfusão cerebral associados ao uso de cocaína possam ser irreversíveis, têm surgido relatos na literatura de tratamentos para essas anormalidades de fluxo sangüíneo. Alterações de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral associadas à dependência de cocaína ocorrem mesmo na ausência de abuso ou dependência de opióides.INTRODUCTION: In the last years, there have been reports of abnormalities in brain blood flow of cocaine abusers, detected by single photon computed

  7. Variação temporal no desempenho em testes de memória em pacientes com doença vascular cerebral Temporal variation in memory tests performance in cerebral vascular disease patients

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    Tania Fernandes Campos

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Buscando adequar a avaliação neuropsicológica à organização temporal do organismo humano, avaliou-se o desempenho em testes de memória em 12 pacientes pós Doença Vascular Cerebral e 12 indivíduos controle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 45 a 65 anos. Foram aplicados dois testes de memória com estímulos visuais (figuras e dois com estímulos verbais (palavras, em 3 dias consecutivos por semana, às 08:00, 10:00 e 12:00 h na primeira semana e às 14:00 e 16:00 h na seguinte. Os pacientes apresentaram menor número de acertos do que os indivíduos controle em todos os testes aplicados (pThis study intended to investigate the performance in memory tests in order to adequate the neuropsychological evaluation to the temporal order of the human organism. Twelve cerebral vascular accident patients and 12 controls, of both sexes and 45-65 years old were studied. Two memory tests with visual stimuli (pictures and two with verbal stimuli (words were applied three times a day (08:00, 10:00 and 12:00 h during the first week and twice a day (14:00 and 16:00 h in the second week, during three consecutive days in two consecutive weeks. The patients showed lower scores than control subjects in all applied tests (p<0,05. The greater test sensitivity was at 14:00 h for the free recall test and at 16:00 h for recognition tests. According to these results, it is concluded that neuropsychological evaluations should be conducted preferably in the afternoon, as well for the first evaluation as for the re-evaluations.

  8. Anticorpos antifosfolípides em 66 pacientes com infarto cerebral entre 15 e 40 anos Antiphospholipid antibodies in 66 patients with cerebral infarction between 15 and 40 years old

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    José Ibiapina Siqueira Neto

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Os anticorpos antifosfolípides (aFLs constituem grupo heterogêneo de imunoglobulinas que tem sido relacionado com alterações na coagulabilidade. Indivíduos com títulos elevados teriam maior probabilidade de desenvolver tromboses de repetição, tanto arterial como venosa, e por conseguinte infarto cerebral (IC. Os testes para detecção mais utilizados em estudos clínicos são o inibidor lúpico e a anticardiolipina. Têm-se relatado maiores percentuais de positividade nesses testes em pacientes jovens com IC. Neste estudo procuramos investigar a prevalência desses anticorpos em pacientes com IC entre 15 e 40 anos em nosso Serviço. Examinamos 66 pacientes para presença de aFLs e obtivemos 16,65% de resultados positivos. Confirmamos diagnóstico de síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide primária em três (4,55% casos. Concluímos que a pesquisa de rotina para aFLs em pacientes jovens com IC está indicada neste grupo de pacientes, mas correlacioná-los com o episódio isquêmico nem sempre é possível.The antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs are a heterogenous group of immunoglobulins that have been related with alterations in blood coagulability in recent years. Patients with elevated titers of these antibodies have a high probability to develop thrombotic events, including cerebral infarct (CI. The tests currently used to detect these antibodies are the lupus anticoagulant and ELISA for anticardiolipin antibodies which have a larger proportion of positivity among young patients with CI. In our study we tested 66 patients with cerebral infarcts whose ages ranged from 15 to 40 years for the presence of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. The results showed that eleven (16.65% patients were positive for aPLs and three (4.55% of them fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for primary antiphospholipid syndrome. These data point out to the importance of investigating aPLs in young patients with CI and its high prevalence in this

  9. Alterações de difusão e perfusão cerebral por RM em angioplastia carotídea com \\"stent\\" sob proteção cerebral por filtros

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    Antenor Tavares de Sá Júnior

    2009-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: A angioplastia carotídea com stent (ACS) sob proteção cerebral é opção terapêutica em pacientes com estenose carotídea. Existe o risco de embolia apesar da utilização do filtro e as modificações na perfusão cerebral após tratamento da estenose carotídea não são claras. O propósito deste estudo é avaliar, após ACS sob proteção cerebral por filtros, modificações nas seqüências de RM de difusão (DWI) e perfusão (PWI), correlacionando-as com os aspectos técnicos da ACS, com as caracte...

  10. Tumores do tronco cerebral: estudo anatomopatológico em 35 casos de necrópsia

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    Carmen Lúcia Penteado Lancellotti

    1989-09-01

    Full Text Available Os tumores do tronco cerebral são raros e geralmente tratados sem diagnóstico histopatológico. Sua incidência varia na literatura entre 1,09% e 17,5% dos tumores cerebrais. O objetivo do trabalho foi relatar a casuísti desses tumores em 28500 necrópsias realizadas de 1952 a 1985 no Departamento de Anatomia Patológica da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Enfatizamos os aspectos neuropatológicos, comparamos nossos casos com os de outras séries e salientamos os tumores mais observados nessa região, com a finalidade de procurar contribuir para melhor abordagem terapêutica. Utilizamos alguns dados clínicos e, através do exame anatomopatológico, localizamos o tumor no tronco cerebral sendo o diagnóstico microscópico estabelecido segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Dos 428 tumores intracranianos observados, 35 estavam localizados no tronco cerebral. Foram aqui incluídos os tumores próprios do tronco cerebral e as metástases e excluídos os tumores que infiltravam o tronco. A maior incidência ocorreu na primeira década e a causa de óbito predominante foi edema cerebral. A localização preferencial foi a ponte e o tumor mais freqüente foi o glioblas-tomia multiforme (19 casos. As metástases ficaram em segundo lugar na freqüência (9 casos, na maioria dos casos de origem pulmonar. Apesar de alguns autores se posicionarem contra a biópsia de tumor nessa região, baseando-se no alto risco cirúrgico, discordamos dessa opinião, pois acreditamos que, frente ao diagnóstico de glioma, será importante a caracterização ou não de malignidade. Ainda, não devemos deixar de considerar os diagnósticos diferenciais de processo expansivo no tronco. Enfim, com o diagnóstico anatomopatológico de glioma ou de uma das possibilidades aventadas, o procedimento terapêutico poderá ser mais adequado.

  11. Toxina botulínica e fisioterapia em crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica: revisão bibliográfica

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    Milena Silva Teles

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A paralisia cerebral (PC é definida como uma condição neurológica não progressiva originada em razão de uma lesão no encéfalo imaturo que compromete os movimentos e a postura. A espasticidade está presente em 75% dos casos. Essa patologia tem incidência na população de aproximadamente 2 em cada 1.000 nascidos vivos e pode chegar a até 7 por 1.000 em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica por meio da seleção e análise criteriosa de artigos científicos que relatem os efeitos da aplicação da toxina botulínica tipo A associada à fisioterapia em crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, no período de 1997 a 2009. Os descritores utilizados foram: "paralisia cerebral" e "espasticidade muscular", combinados com "toxina botulínica tipo A" e "fisioterapia". RESULTADOS: Somando-se todos os bancos de dados, um total de 50 artigos que continham os desfechos de interesse dessa revisão foram encontrados, no entanto, alguns artigos aparecem em mais de uma busca e em duplicidade de idioma. Então, 23 artigos foram utilizados neste estudo. DISCUSSÃO: Vários estudos demonstram que, para maior efetividade da toxina botulínica tipo A, esta deve ser associada a um programa fisioterapêutico que sempre deve considerar as etapas do desenvolvimento motor da criança. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: De acordo com a revisão bibliográfica apresentada, a TBA associada à fisioterapia para o controle da espasticidade se mostra bastante eficaz. Contudo, novas pesquisas acerca deste assunto são necessárias.

  12. Comparação dos valores do índice bispectral em pacientes com paralisia cerebral em estado de vigília Comparación de los valores del índice bispectral en pacientes con parálisis cerebral en estado de vigilia Comparison of the bispectral index in awake patients with cerebral palsy

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    Verônica Vieira da Costa

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O EEG-BIS foi criado por meio de estudos em pacientes adultos saudáveis e as primeiras publicações em crianças surgiram a partir de 1998. A paralisia cerebral (PC é secundária à lesão estática do encéfalo em desenvolvimento. A necessidade de realização de exames e procedimentos cirúrgicos para correção de deformidades sob anestesia ou sedação é comum nesses pacientes. Torna-se cada vez mais necessária a monitorização do estado de hipnose do paciente anestesiado e pode-se incluir nesse grupo os pacientes com paralisia cerebral. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do EEG-BIS nos pacientes com paralisia cerebral (PC em comparação com os pacientes sem doenças neurológicas (sem PC, em estado de vigília. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados dois grupos de pacientes: um com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral e outro sem doença do sistema nervoso central (SNC. Na véspera da intervenção cirúrgica, na enfermaria, junto aos pacientes despertos era colocado o monitor de EEG-BIS e solicitado que fechassem os olhos. Os valores que apareciam na tela do monitor, em um intervalo de 10 minutos, eram anotados e registrados em ficha padronizada, sendo calculado um valor médio por paciente. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 188 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 10, 07 ± 2,9 (PC e 10,21 ± 3,1 (sem PC anos. O grupo PC apresentou EEG-BIS basal de 95,83 ± 5,142 e o grupo sem PC de 96,56 ± 1,941 sem haver diferença estatística significativa entre eles. CONCLUSÕES: Os sinais de EEG são captados normalmente e os valores de EEG-BIS dos pacientes com PC são semelhantes ao dos pacientes sem PC no estado de vigília.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El EEG-BIS fue creado a través de estudios en pacientes adultos saludables y las primeras publicaciones en niños surgieron a partir de 1998. La parálisis cerebral (PC es secundaria a la lesión estática del encéfalo en desarrollo. La necesidad de

  13. Cerebral abscess caused by Serratia marcescens in a premature neonate Abscesso cerebral causado por Serratia marcescens em prematuro

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    Tatiana Mattos Hirooka

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Cerebral abscesses are extremely rare in neonates. Serratia marcescens is an unusual cause of sepsis and neurological spread is especially ominous. PURPOSE: To report the case of a 34-week neonate who developed this rare condition and to discuss diagnostic and therapeutic measures. CASE REPRT: A 34-week male neonate sequentially developed respiratory distress syndrome, early sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis; later cultures revealed S. marcescens. After deterioration, a cerebral abscess became evident, which revealed S. marcescens. Clinical improvement ensued after high-dose amikacin and meropenem. CONCLUSION: Clinical signs are often non-specific. Proper diagnostic measures, neurosurgical consultation and aggressive antibiotic therapy are essential for these high-risk neonates.INTRODUÇÃO: Abscessos cerebrais são extremamente raros em neonatos. Serratia marcescens é causadora incomum de sepse nestes pacientes e a disseminação no sistema nervoso central é grave. OBJETIVO: Relatar um prematuro de 34 semanas que desenvolveu esta condição e discutir as medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas. RELATO DE CASO: Prematuro masculino de 34 semanas desenvolveu síndrome do desconforto respiratório, sepse neonatal e enterocolite necrotizante; hemoculturas revelaram S. marcescens. Após deterioração clínica, evidenciou-se um abscesso cerebral cuja drenagem revelou S. marcescens. Houve melhora após introdução de amicacina e meropenem. CONCLUSÃO: Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos. Passos diagnósticos apropriados, avaliação neurocirúrgica precoce e antibioticoterapia agressiva são essenciais para estes prematuros.

  14. Cerebral infarct in children aged zero to fifteen years Infarto cerebral em crianças de zero a quinze anos de idade

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    Thelma Ribeiro Noce

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral infarcts in children present peculiar characteristics either due to their diversity of causes or due to the unknown nature of the causes. The etiologies of cerebral infarct were reviewed in children from zero to 15 years old, attended at a tertiary hospital, in Ribeirão Preto (Brazil, from 1990 to 1997, adopting the modified Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST criteria of classification; 1 - Atherosclerosis in large arteries; 2 - Cardioembolic; 3 - Occlusion of small vessels; 4 - Other etiologies; 5 - Undetermined cause. Thirty-nine children were included, 18 males and 21 females, aged 2 months to 15 years, mean age 5.67. The largest group, N=22 (56.4%, included children with ''other etiologies'', 7 of them aged under two years. The most common etiology was dehydration and septic shock leading to brain hypoperfusion and watershed infarcts. Nine (23% children had ''Undetermined etiology'', 7 (17,9% cardioembolic subtype and none had atherosclerosis. Laboratory improvement is needed for the large number of patients without a defined cause, and the high proportion of children with dehydration in the group with a determined cause emphasizes the need for preventive health actions among infants and children.Infartos cerebrais em crianças apresentam peculiaridades, como grande variedade de causas e alta freqüência sem etiologia definida. Foram revistos os diagnósticos etiológicos em crianças de zero a 15 anos, atendidas durante o ictus e com imagens cerebrais sugestivas de infarto, entre 1990 e 1997 em hospital terciário de Ribeirão Preto (SP. Adotou-se o critério de classificação modificado do Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST: 1 - Arterioesclerose de grandes artérias, 2 - Cardioembólico, 3 - Oclusão de pequenos vasos, 4 - Outras etiologias, 5 - Não determinada. Trinta e nove crianças foram incluídas, 18 do sexo masculino e 21 do feminino, com idade variando entre 2 meses e 15 anos e m

  15. Função vísuo-espacial em paralisia cerebral e proposta de novo teste com a ajuda de computador

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    Marilisa M. Guerreiro

    1991-09-01

    Full Text Available Os autores apresentam o estudo da função vísuo-espacial em uma criança com paralisia cerebral (PC. Apoiados nas teorias de Luria e Piaget, justificam a existência de tal distúrbio em PC. A criança-propósito deste estudo apresentou elementos teórico-práticos que embasaram esta idéia. Face às limitações dos testes disponíveis, propomos novo teste aplicável tanto em papel quanto em computador. Trata-se de quatro linhas dispostas equidistantemente em diferentes inclinações. A simplicidade do teste permitiu seu uso em computador, o que ampliou e aprofundou a investigação, acrescentando novos elementos ao estudo.

  16. Os benefícios da hipoterapia nos ajustes posturais em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral

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    Daniela Carrogi Vianna

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Paralisia Cerebral é uma afecção encefálica que ocorre na fase maturacional, apresentando seqüelas variáveis, envolvendo desordens de postura e movimentos. Examinaram-se alterações posturais de pacientes portadores de Paralisia Cerebral durante e após a realização de Hipoterapia, observando ajustes posturais. Participaram oito crianças, entre 6 e 12 anos, com tetraparesia espástica, apresentando déficics das reações básicas de endireitamento, proteção e equilíbrio. Utilizou-se a Hipoterapia como terapêutica complementar, exigindo respostas posturais automáticas. As crianças foram submetidas a duas sessões semanais, durante doze meses. Constatou-se melhora das variáveis estudadas, concluindo-se que a Hipoterapia auxilia na ativação dos ajustes posturais em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral.

  17. Clinical aspects and characteristics of the course of Parkinson’s disease with chronic cerebral ischemia

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    Voskresenskaya O.N.

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available

    The article is devoted characteristics current of Parkinson’s disease with chronic cerebral ischemia. <em>Objective: em>to study the clinical presentation and features of PD against cerebral ischemia. <em>Methods. em>A total of 44 patients with a diagnosis of “Parkinson’s disease”, 20 of which were determined by accurate clinical and instrumental signs of chronic cerebral ischemia. Comparative characteristics of the neurological status, cognitive functions, some laboratory and instrumental data in the two groups of patients: Parkinson’s disease with a background of chronic ischemia of the brain and without it. <em>Results. em>Statistically signifcant differences between groups are observed on the following variables: duration of illness, severity of depression, the concentration of glucose in the blood. Formed groups of signifcant difference in the severity of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. <em>Conclusion>. The data of the acceleration of the progression of Parkinson’s disease with chronic cerebral ischemia, as well as the more frequent occurrence of depression in this patient group.

  18. Proteção cerebral no tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas do arco aórtico: estudo experimental em cães Cerebral protection to be used during aortic arch aneurysms resection

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    Henrique Murad

    1993-09-01

    Full Text Available Os autores realizaram estudo experimental comparativo entre dois métodos de proteção cerebral utilizados na abordagem cirúrgica dos aneurismas do arco aórtico, avaliando a sua eficácia. Os métodos comparados foram a hipotermia sistêmica profunda isolada (menor que 20ºC com pinçamento arterial braquiocefálico e a hipotermia sistêmica profunda associada à perfusão carotídea seletiva. Dois grupos de 15 cães cada foram submetidos, respectivamente, a hipotermia sistêmica profunda com pinçamento arterial braquiocefálico (GRUPO I e a hipotermia sistêmica profunda associada a perfusão seletiva da carótida direita (GRUPO II. Foram colhidas amostras seriadas de sangue para análise das alterações metabólicas de pH e PaCO2 que ocorreram no retorno venoso cerebral, aferidas na veia jugular interna, bem como as alterações histopatológicas encontradas com 45 min, 90 min e 135 min de cada procedimento. Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar de ambos os métodos de proteção cerebral serem eficazes por um período de 45 minutos, o método utilizado no GRUPO II mostrou ser superior em períodos de até 90 minutos. Em períodos de 135 minutos os métodos tiveram resultados semelhantes, não oferecendo proteção cerebral adequada.The authors proposition is to make an experimental study of two methods of cerebral protection to be used during aortic arch aneurysm resection. The methods to be evaluated were profound systemic hypothermia (under 20oC with great vessels occlusion and profound systemic hypothermia with selective right carotid artery perfusion. Two groups of 15 dogs each were submitted either to profound systemic hypothermia with great vessels occlusion (GROUP I or to profound systemic hypothermia with selective right carotid artery perfusion (GROUP II. Serial jugular vein samples for pH and PaC02 were analyzed to evaluate ischemic cerebral metabolic derangements. Hystopathological studies were also made at 45, 90 and 135

  19. Imaging findings and cerebral perfusion in arterial ischemic stroke due to transient cerebral arteriopathy in children; Achados de imagem e perfusao arterial cerebral em acidente vascular cerebral isquemico devido a arteriopatia transitoria em crianca

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barbosa Junior, Alcino Alves, E-mail: alcinojr@uol.com.br [Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Ellovitch, Saada Resende de Souza [Neuropediatria, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Pincerato, Rita de Cassia Maciel [Hospital Samaritano, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2012-04-15

    We report the case of a 4-year-old female child who developed an arterial ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory, due to a proximal stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, most probably related to transient cerebral arteriopathy of childhood. Computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography are presented, as well as follow-up by magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography exams. Changes in cerebral perfusion and diffusion-perfusion mismatch call attention. As far as we know, this is the first report of magnetic resonance perfusion findings in transient cerebral arteriopathy. (author)

  20. Proteção cerebral no tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas do arco aórtico: estudo experimental em cães Cerebral protection during surgical approach to the aortic arch aneurysms resection: experimental study in dogs

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    Gaudêncio Lopes Espinosa

    1994-12-01

    Full Text Available É realizado estudo experimental comparativo entre dois métodos de proteção cerebral na abordagem cirúrgica dos aneurismas do arco aórtico, avaliando a sua eficácia: hipotermia sistêmica profunda isolada (menor que 20ºC com pinçamento arterial braquiocefálico e hipotermia sistêmica profunda associada à perfusão carotídea seletiva. Dois grupos de 15 cães cada foram submetidos, respectivamente, à hipotermia sistêmica profunda com pinçamento arterial braquiocefálico (Grupo I e à hipotermia sistêmica profunda associada à perfusão seletiva da carótida direita (Grupo II. Foram analisadas amostras seriadas das alterações metabólicas de pH e PaCO2 que ocorreram no retorno venoso cerebral aferidas na veia julgular interna, bem como as alterações histopatológicas encontradas com 45 min., 90 min. e 135 min. de cada procedimento. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar de ambos os métodos de proteção cerebral serem eficazes por um período de 45 minutos, o método utilizado no Grupo II mostrou ser superior em períodos de até 90 minutos de isquemia cerebral. Em períodos de 135 minutos os métodos tiveram resultados semelhantes, não oferecendo proteção cerebral adequada.The authors proposition is to make an experimental study of two methods of cerebral protection to be used during aortic arch aneurysm resection. The methods to be evaluated were profound systemic hypothermia (under 20ºC whith great vessels occlusion and profound systemic hypothermia with selective right carotid artery perfusion. Two groups of 15 dogs each were submitted either to profound systemic hypothermia with great vessels occlusion (Group I, or to profound systemic hypothermia with selective right carotid artery perfusion (Group II. Serial jugular vein samples for pH and PaCO2 were analyzed to evaluate ischemic cerebral metabolic derangements. Hystopathological studies were also performed 45, 90 and 135 minutes, through animal sacrifice in each

  1. Cerebral equine hydatidosis in Southern Brazil Hidatidose cerebral em eqüino no Sul do Brasil

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    Jerônimo Lopes Ruas

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Equine cerebral hydatid disease is described in a 7-year-old, crossbred, female horse. Clinical signs were characterized by circling gait, pressing of head against fences or objects and motor incoordination. On gross examination of the brain the hemispheres were swollen, mainly the left one. On transversal sections, a 5cm X 7cm fluid-filled cyst was observed within the lateral ventricle of the left hemisphere. The cyst extended from the parietal to the occipital lobe, and compressed the third ventricle. There was also marked mid line deviation. Histologically, the brain lesion adjacent to the cyst, was characterized by a piogranulomatous process and vacuolization of neuropil. A diagnosis of equine hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus was made on the basis of the morphometric features of protoscolices hooks.Descreve-se um caso de hidatidose cerebral em um eqüino, cruza, fêmea, de 7 anos de idade, que apresentou sinais clínicos nervosos de torneio, pressão da cabeça contra cercas e objetos e incoordenação motora. Na abertura da caixa craniana observou-se aumento de volume do cérebro, mais acentuado no hemisfério esquerdo. Ao corte observou-se, no interior do ventrículo lateral esquerdo, um cisto de aproximadamente 5cm x 7cm, de parede branca opaca, com conteúdo líquido translúcido, que se estendia desde o lobo parietal até o lobo ocipital, comprimindo o tecido nervoso. No exame histológico do cérebro observou-se, na área contígua à parede do cisto a presença de um processo inflamatório piogranulomatoso e vacuolização da neurópila. Os dados morfométricos do cisto, dos protoescóleces e dos ganchos permitiram concluir que o cisto era de Echinococcus granulosus.

  2. Transcranial doppler in sickle cell anaemia: evaluation of brain blood flow parameters in children of Aracaju, Northeast - Brazil Doppler transcraniano em portadores de anemia falciforme: estudo dos parâmetros de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em crianças de Aracaju, Sergipe

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    Hyder Aragão de Melo

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Environmental factors interfere on sickle cell anaemia (SCA. Transcanial Doppler (TCD is important to evaluate cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate brain haemodynamic profile of children with SCA in Sergipe. METHODS: Cross sectional study (group1: SCA patients aged 3-18; group2: age and sex matched healthy individuals. Baseline brain flow was evaluated. RESULTS: Group1=34 patients; group 2=81 controls. SCA patients had mean velocity (MV=125.69 cm/s±23.40; pulsatility index (PI=0.66±0.10; middle cerebral artery ratio (MCAr=14.53±15.23; right anterior cerebral artery/right middle cerebral artery=0.77±0.20; left anterior cerebral artery/left middle cerebral artery=0.78±0.20. Controls had MV=79.44±15.54; PI=0.82±0.11; MCAr=13.19±13.77; right anterior cerebral artery/right middle cerebral artery=0.80±0.16; left anterior cerebral artery/left middle cerebral artery=0.84±0.18. MV and PI differences were statistically significant between groups. MV was related to age but not to gender. CONCLUSION: MV evaluation using TCD was similar to international standards and possible to be used in our setting.INTRODUÇÃO: Aspectos ambientais interferem na apresentação da anemia falciforme (AF. Doppler transcraniano (DTC é útil na avaliação do risco para doença cerebrovascular em pacientes com AF. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil hemodinâmico cerebral de crianças com AF em Sergipe. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal (grupo1: portadores de AF 3-18 anos; grupo2: indivíduos saudáveis, pareados por idade e gênero. Foram avaliadas medidas de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral basal. RESULTADOS: Grupo1 (n=34: velocidade média (Vm=125,69 cm/s ±23,40; índice de pulsatilidade (Ip=0,66±0,10; relação entre artéria cerebral média (ACMs=14,53±15,23; artéria cerebral anterior (ACA/ACM direita=0,77±0,20; ACA/ACM esquerda=0,78±0,20. Grupo 2 (n=81: Vm=79,44 cm/s ±15,54; Ip=0,82±0,11, relação entre ACMs=13,19±13,77, ACA/ACM direita=0,80±0

  3. Vasculite cerebral e uso de cocaína e crack Cerebral vasculitis and cocaine and crack abuse

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    Fernando Madalena Volpe

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available O abuso de cocaína e crack está associado com importante parcela dos acidentes vasculares cerebrais, especialmente em pacientes jovens. O presente estudo relata o caso de um usuário de cocaína e crack que desenvolveu vasculite do sistema nervoso central, resultando em infartos cerebrais e edema extensos, levando à demência com alterações comportamentais e convulsões. Ressalta-se a importância de suspeitar do uso de drogas em jovens que se apresentam com acidente vascular cerebral, assim como avaliar possíveis lesões cerebrais em usuários de drogas com deterioração cognitiva.Cocaine and crack abuse is strongly related to stroke, particularly in young patients. The present study reports the case of a cocaine and crack abuser who developed central nervous system vasculitis, resulting in extensive cerebral infarctions, leading to dementia, behavioural disturbances and seizures. The relevance of detecting drug abuse in young stroke patients is stressed. Assessing possible brain lesions in drug abusers with cognitive impairment is also important.

  4. INFLUÊNCIA DA EQUOTERAPIA NO CONTROLE CERVICAL E DE TRONCO EM UMA CRIANÇA COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL

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    Alessanda Gregório

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A equoterapia é um método fisioterápico que se baseia na utilização do trote do cavalo como meio de tratamento em pacientes com sequelas sensoriais e motoras decorrentes de distúrbios neurológicos. Por tratar-se de um estudo de caso, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência da equoterapia no controle cervical e de tronco em uma criança com paralisia cerebral (PC. A criança participante possui dois anos de idade e diagnóstico médico de tetraparesia espastica. Foram realizadas duas avaliações utilizando a escala de Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM antes e após todo o período das sessões de equoterapia. Esse método de avaliação consiste em 88 itens divididos em cinco dimensões: A, deitar e rolar; B, sentar; C, engatinhar e ajoelhar; D, em pé; e E, correndo e pulando. Utilizaram-se as dimensões A e B da escala GMFM no presente estudo. A equoterapia foi desenvolvida durante dez sessões de trinta minutos, utilizando montarias distintas. Observou-se que o controle cervical e o controle de tronco estavam presentes ao término do tratamento, que é comprovado com o aumento de 19,5% e 7,7% para as dimensões A e B da escala GMFM, respectivamente. A equoterapia apresentou grande eficiência no ganho do controle cervical e de tronco da criança com PC.

  5. Análise isocinética da articulação do cotovelo em crianças com paralisia cerebral Isokinetic analysis of the elbow joint in children with cerebral palsy

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    Patrícia Martins Franciulli

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available A quantidade de torque aplicado na articulação é uma medida de aptidão física importante para crianças com paralisia cerebral. O presente estudo analisou parâmetros cinéticos na articulação do cotovelo em crianças saudáveis e com paralisia cerebral. Participaram 10 crianças com paralisia cerebral e 10 crianças sem comprometimento neurológico. Avaliou-se a média do pico de torque, média do ângulo do pico de torque, coeficiente de variação do torque e aceleração angular do movimento de flexo-extensão do cotovelo nas velocidades com um dinamômetro isocinético. A média de pico de torque (extensão, aceleração (flexão e coeficiente de variação (flexão e extensão são diferentes entre grupos. Conclui-se que o torque e aceleração sofreram interferências no movimento de flexo-extensão; as principais diferenças encontradas foram entre os extremos das velocidades; não houve diferenças no ângulo do pico de torque. A espasticidade não interferiu na força dos músculos agonistas do movimento de flexão da articulação do cotovelo.The joint torque is an important variable related to children with cerebral palsy. The present study analyzed kinetic parameters during elbow flexion and extension movements in healthy and cerebral palsy children. Ten healthy and 10 cerebral palsy children participated of the study. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the elbow mean peak torque, mean angle peak torque, coefficient of variation and acceleration during flexion and extension movements at different angular speeds. The mean peak torque on extension movement in healthy children group was significant higher compared to the cerebral palsy group. The coefficient of variation on both flexion and extension movements was significantly higher in cerebral palsy group. However there were significantly difference on both groups compared the lowest and highest velocities. Although the results showed no difference in flexor peak

  6. Emprego dos gangliosidos do cortex cerebral nas neuropatias perifericas

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    James Pitagoras De Mattos

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores registram a experiência pessoal com o emprego de gangliosídios do cortex cerebral nas neuropatias periféricas. O ensaio clínico e eletromiográfico revelou-se eficaz em 30 dos 40 casos tratados. Enfatizam os melhores resultados em casos de paralisias faciais periféricas.

  7. Diagnóstico clínico diferencial entre oclusão da artéria carótida interna e da artéria cerebral média A comparative symptomatological study of internal carotid artery occlusion and middle cerebral artery occlusion

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    Roberto Melaragno

    1971-03-01

    Full Text Available Foi feito um estudo comparativo entre o quadro clínico inicial de 61 casos de oclusão da artéria carótida interna e o de 23 casos de oclusão da artéria cerebral média, diagnosticados pela angiografia cerebral e/ou pela necropsia em pacientes submetidos ou não à cirurgia vascular. Os autores comparam a idade dos pacientes, o sexo, o modo de início da afecção, a existência ou não de convulsões e/ou cefaléias, a ocorrência do acidente cerebral durante o sono ou em vigília, a existência de ictos prévios, os níveis de pressão arterial, o grau de consciência, a força muscular, os achados eletrencefalográficos, a palpação e ausculta das carótidas em nível cervical. Os resultados são demonstrados em índices percentuais, pelos quais os autores inferem que não há significância estatística nesses elementos com três exceções: a maior ocorrência de convulsões nas oclusões da artéria cerebral média em relação às da carótida, a oftalmodinamometria e a sintomatologia carotídea cervical. A oftalmodinamometria revela valores significantemente menores nas pressões da artéria central da retina, no mesmo lado da trombose da carótida em 70,0% dos casos, enquanto que medidas normais e simétricas verificaram-se em todos os casos de oclusão da artéria cerebral média em que o exame foi realizado. No que concerne a sinais arteriais no pescoço, havia anormalidades palpatórias e auscultatórias em 52,4% dos pacientes com trombose da carótida e em 8,6% dos casos com oclusão da cerebral média. Concluem os autores, portanto, que apenas a angiografia cerebral permite um diagnóstico seguro entre ambas as sedes da oclusão.A comparative study of the early clinical picture in 61 cases of internal carotid artery occlusion and 23 cases of middle cerebral artery occlusion, diagnosed by cerebral angiography and/or necropsy in patients who were either submitted to surgery or not operated upon is reported. The authors had

  8. Determinação do limiar anaeróbio em jogadores de futebol com paralisia cerebral e nadadores participantes da paraolimpíada de Sidney 2000 Determination of the anaerobic threshold in soccer players with cerebral palsy and swimmers participant in the Sidney 2000 paralympic games

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    Benedito Sérgio Denadai

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos desse estudo foram: a determinar o limiar anaeróbio (LAn em jogadores de futebol com paralisia cerebral e nadadores participantes da Paraolimpíada de Sidney 2000 e; b analisar o comportamento do LAn em função das classes dos paratletas. Participaram do estudo, 28 atletas portadores de deficiência, sendo 11 jogadores de futebol com paralisia cerebral (classes: F36, F37 e F38 e 17 nadadores (14 homens e três mulheres (classes: S1 a S10 e B1. Nos jogadores de futebol, o LAn foi determinado em um protocolo progressivo e intermitente na esteira rolante. O LAn foi identificado como sendo a velocidade correspondente a 3,5mM de lactato sanguíneo. Na natação o LAn foi determinado por um protocolo incremental e intermitente de 3 x 200m. Após cada tiro houve coleta de sangue e por interpolação linear, foi calculada a velocidade correspondente a 4mM (LAn. A velocidade aeróbia máxima (Vamax e a correspondente ao LAn apresentaram uma tendência de melhora com o aumento da classe do jogador de futebol com paralisia cerebral. Entretanto, a proporção entre a velocidade do LAn e a Vamax (aproximadamente 80% foi bastante semelhante entre as classes. Na natação, a velocidade correspondente a 4mM aumentou em função do aumento das classes, indicando a limitação da capacidade funcional das classes mais baixas. Por outro lado, as concentrações de lactato em cada percentual da velocidade máxima de 200m foram muito semelhantes entre as classes, e também às obtidas em nadadores não portadores de deficiência. Com base nos resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que a classe (e portanto o nível de deficiência interfere na capacidade funcional aeróbia dos paratletas. Entretanto, a resposta de lactato ao exercício submáximo é semelhante entre as classes e também aos atletas não portadores de deficiência, sugerindo a validade do LAn para a avaliação aeróbia dos nadadores e dos jogadores de futebol com paralisia cerebral

  9. Anestesia e paralisia cerebral Anestesia y parálisis cerebral Anesthesia and cerebral palsy

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    Március Vinícius M Maranhão

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A paralisia cerebral (PC é uma doença não progressiva decorrente de lesão no sistema nervoso central, levando a um comprometimento motor do paciente. O portador de PC freqüentemente é submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos devido a doenças usuais e situações particulares decorrentes da paralisia cerebral. Foi objetivo deste artigo revisar aspectos da paralisia cerebral de interesse para o anestesiologista, permitindo um adequado manuseio pré, intra e pós-operatório neste tipo de paciente. CONTEÚDO: O artigo aborda aspectos da paralisia cerebral como etiologia, classificação, fatores de risco, fisiopatologia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico, terapêuticas utilizadas bem como avaliação pré-operatória, medicação pré-anestésica, manuseio intra e pós-operatório, analgesia pós-operatória e dor crônica. CONCLUSÕES: O anestesiologista desempenha um papel importante na diminuição da morbidade e mortalidade anestésico-cirúrgica em pacientes portadores de paralisia cerebral. O conhecimento da fisiopatologia dos diferentes tipos de paralisia cerebral bem como das doenças associadas e suas terapêuticas é imprescindível, pois permite ao anestesiologista antecipar e prevenir complicações intra e pós-operatórias neste tipo de paciente.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La parálisis cerebral (PC es una enfermedad no progresiva consecuente de una lesión en el sistema nervioso central, llevando a un comprometimiento motor del paciente. El portador de PC, frecuentemente es sometido a procedimientos quirúrgicos debido a enfermedades usuales y situaciones particulares consecuentes de la parálisis cerebral. El objetivo de este artículo, fue revisar aspectos de la parálisis cerebral de interés para el anestesista, permitiendo un adecuado manoseo pre, intra y posoperatorio en este tipo de paciente. CONTENIDO: El artículo aborda aspectos de la parálisis cerebral como etiología, clasificación, factores de

  10. Tratamento cirúrgico da hemorragia cerebral: considerações a propósito de 11 casos

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    Walter C. Pereira

    1977-03-01

    Full Text Available Após breves comentários sobre os achados angiográficos em 298 doentes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico ou hemorrágico, é realçada a importância da angiografia cerebral como o método ideal de diagnóstico, tendo em vista a variedade de fatores fisiopatogênicos e etiológicos envolvidos na gênese dessas síndromes. São discutidos a seguir, particularmente, os resultados obtidos com o tratamento cirúrgico de 11 pacientes com hematoma intracerebral espontâneo. Apesar da divergência de opiniões a este propósito, a melhora acentuada que observamos em 54,6% de nossos doentes, motiva-nos a considerar o tratamento cirúrgico indicado na maioria dos casos de hemorragia cerebral primária.

  11. Análise das barreiras à utilização de trombolíticos em casos de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico em um hospital privado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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    Fonseca,Luiz Henrique de Oliveira; Rosa,Maria Luiza Garcia; Silva,Arthur Carvalho; Maciel,Renan Marchesi; Volschan,André; Mesquita,Evandro Tinoco

    2013-01-01

    O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi) é uma importante causa de sequela e morte. A correta utilização do trombolítico enfrenta várias barreiras. O objetivo foi discutir as barreiras à terapia trombolítica em pacientes que chegam, com sintomas de AVCi agudo, à emergência de um hospital privado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes entre 2009 e 2011. Foram admitidos 257 pacientes com suspeita de AVCi. Dos pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado (156), 11,5% (18) fora...

  12. Infarto cerebral em duas crianças infectadas pelo HIV-1 Ischaemic stroke in two children with HIV-1

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    Cristiane Rocha

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Os quadros vasculares são incomuns não somente nos pacientes adultos (1% como também nas crianças. Nosso objetivo é alertar para a possibilidade da infecção pelo HIV-1 em crianças com manifestações cerebrovasculares. Das 204 crianças infectadas pelo HIV acompanhadas no Ambulatório de SIDA, descrevemos dois pacientes pré-escolares do gênero masculino, com quadro agudo febril, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, status epilepticus e hemiparesia como primeira manifestação de infecção pelo HIV-1. Nos dois casos evidenciou-se extensa isquemia em território da artéria cerebral média. Um dos pacientes evoluiu com tetraparesia espástica grave, sem contactuar com o meio, epilepsia parcial e óbito 4 anos após o diagnóstico, sem melhora do quadro neurológico. O outro paciente apresentou hemiparesia direita e afasia global, evoluindo com regressão completa do quadro neurológico. A infreqüência desses achados torna importante o seu relato, visando a inclusão da infecção pelo HIV-1 no diagnóstico diferencial das quadros cerebrovasculares na criança.Cerebral ischaemia caused by inflammatory vasculopathies has been described as a complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection. The goal of our study is to report two cases of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection and cerebrovascular manifestations. We describe two pre-school boys, from a group of 204 outpatients, who presented fever, seizures, hemiparesis and impairment of conscience level as a first symptom of HIV-1 infection. The serial imaging studies revealed infarction of middle cerebral artery in both cases. The first one child had a severe spastic tetraparesis and partial epilepsy and died four years later without any improvement despite of the antiretroviral therapy. The second patient had a right hemiparesis and global aphasia totally recovered two years later with antiretroviral and rehabilitation therapies. HIV infection should be included

  13. Sistematização da origem, da distribuição e dos territórios da artéria cerebral caudal na superfície do encéfalo em gatos Systematization of the origin, distribution and territory of the caudal cerebral artery on the surface of the encephalon in cats

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    Eduardo Maurício Mendes de Lima

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudados 26 encéfalos de gatos, adultos, sem diferenciação de sexo, sem raça definida, corados com látex e fixados por solução aquosa de formaldeído. As artérias cerebrais caudais, direita e esquerda, apresentaram-se únicas em 96,1 e 88,4% dos casos, respectivamente. Em 69,2% dos casos no antímero direito e 80,8% no esquerdo, a artéria cerebral caudal originou-se pela anastomose entre o ramo caudal da artéria carótida interna, com maior contribuição, e o ramo terminal da artéria basilar. Em 88,4% dos casos no antímero direito e em 84,6% no esquerdo, a artéria cerebral caudal originou a artéria tectal rostral e um ramo caudal. O ramo caudal bifurcou-se e vascularizou os colículos rostrais e caudais dos corpos quadrigêmeos e em alguns casos contribuiu na formação do plexo coroide do terceiro ventrículo. A artéria tectal rostral seguiu ventralmente ao lobo piriforme e durante seu trajeto liberou ramos para o hipocampo e, no antímero esquerdo, supriu a superfície dorsal do tálamo, contribuindo para a formação do plexo coroide do terceiro ventrículo.In this study were used 26 brains of adult cats, without sex differentiation and definable race, colored with latex and fixed in formaldehyde aqueous solution. The right and left caudal cerebral arteries were single in 96.1% and 88.4% of the sample, respectively. In 69.2% of the samples on the right side and 80.8% on the left, the caudal cerebral artery fin from the anastomosis behind the caudal branch of the internal carotid artery, with a large contribution, and the basal artery terminal branch. In 88.4% of the samples on the right side and 84.6% on the left, the caudal cerebral artery showed the tectal rostral artery and one caudal branche. The caudal branch forked in two branches that supplied the rostral and caudal colliculis of the quadruplet bodies and formed the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. The tectal rostral artery followed ventrally to the

  14. Sentimentos vivenciados por fisioterapeutas no atendimento a pessoas com paralisia cerebral Physiotherapist's feelings on attending people with cerebral palsy

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    Dinael Corrêa de Campos

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Considerando que os estudos sobre a relação profissional de saúde e cliente contribuíram para o surgimento da proposta do modelo humanizado de atendimento, esta pesquisa investigou os possíveis sentimentos de fisioterapeutas em relação ao atendimento de pessoas com paralisia cerebral, já que esta condição, a paralisia cerebral, é considerada sem cura pela medicina e com possibilidades de melhora diretamente vinculadas aos exercícios fisioterapêuticos. Utilizando um instrumento contendo perguntas abertas, foram realizadas entrevistas com fisioterapeutas que atendem aos casos com sequelas mais graves: ausência total da linguagem verbal e comprometimentos motores que levam os pacientes à situação de acamados. Mediante a análise de conteúdo, verificou-se que a paralisia cerebral é reconhecida pelos fisioterapeutas como um quadro neurológico e as limitações no alcance de resultados terapêuticos são vistas como normais. Assim, as mudanças, mesmo sendo reduzidas e obtidas em longo prazo, tornam o atendimento gratificante para os fisioterapeutas por representarem uma superação de desafios.Considering the studies about professional relation among health and clients contributted to arise the purposes about a humanized model of assistance. This research shows the physiotherapists' feelings on attending people with cerebral palsy, taking in accounting the cerebral palsy is presented by the medicine as a reverseless decease and having possibilities of changing entailed to the physiotherapy. By means of interviews and questionaries answered by physiotherapists, and using the contents of analysis, we can notice that the cerebral palsy is understood by the professional of physiotherapy like a neurological condition, so the limitations on reaching are noticed as normal. Thus, even the changes reduced in the long run, they make the attendance to be rewarding for the professional of physiotherapy, because these changes represent the

  15. Hemorrhage in cerebral metastasis from angiosarcoma of the heart: case report Hemorragia em metástase cerebral de angiossarcoma cardíaco: relato de caso

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    Pasquale Gallo

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical and pathological features of metastatic angiosarcoma in the central nervous system. Only a few cases of cerebral metastasis from angiosarcoma of the heart have been recorded in the literature; particulary related to intracerebral hemorrhage. A case of secondary cerebral angiosarcoma of the heart in a 33 years old man is presented. The initial symptoms were headache, vomiting, lethargy and aphasia. There was a mass in the left temporal lobe with hemorrhage and edema on the computerized tomography (CT. After 24 hours the neurological status worsened and another CT scan showed rebleeding on the tumor area. He underwent an emergency craniotomy but died two days after. Considering the longer survival of sarcoma patients with new modalities of treatment, the incidence of brain metastasis may increase, demanding a bether preventive and more aggressive approach. Besides, due to the hemorrhagic nature of such lesions, we suggest the imediate surgery to prevent a fast and lethal evolution because rebleeding.O propósito deste artigo é descrever os achados clínicos e patológicos das metástases de angiossarcoma no sistema nervoso central. Apenas poucos casos de metástases cerebrais de angiossarcoma cardíaco foram relatados na literatura, menos ainda relacionados a hemorragia intracerebral. Relatamos o caso de um tumor cerebral secundário a angiossarcoma cardíaco em um paciente masculino de 33 anos. Os sintomas iniciais foram: cefaléia, vômitos, letargia e afasia. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou massa no lobo temporal esquerdo associada a hemorragia e edema. Após 24 horas houve piora do estado neurológico e nova tomografia demonstrou ressangramento no leito tumoral. Foi submetido a uma craniotomia de urgência mas faleceu dois dias após. Considerando a longa sobrevida dos pacientes com sarcoma devido às novas modalidades terapêuticas, poderá aumentar a incidência de met

  16. Estresse parental em famílias de crianças com paralisia cerebral: revisão integrativa Parental stress in families of children with cerebral palsy: an integrative review

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    Celmo Celeno Porto

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é selecionar, avaliar e interpretar criticamente as publicações que tiveram como foco principal o estresse vivenciado pelos pais/cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi conduzida na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS, no United States National Library of Medicine (PubMED e busca manual de referências nos estudos selecionados. Optou-se por selecionar aqueles publicados no período de 1998 a 2011. Integraram a amostra 13 artigos. Pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral apresentam níveis de estresse maiores do que os de sem deficiência. Os problemas de comportamento, os distúrbios psicológicos e emocionais das crianças foram os fatores mais comumente associados aos maiores níveis de estresse. A satisfação com apoio social, satisfação com o papel de pai/mãe, o bom funcionamento familiar, o vínculo afetivo pai/mãe-filho, o apoio do cônjuge e o sentimento de participar ativamente da vida social contribuem para reduzir os níveis de estresse. A saúde dos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral está comprometida pelos maiores níveis de estresse. Desta forma, profissionais da saúde devem oferecer uma atenção especial a eles.This article aims to select, evaluate and interpret critically the bibliographic production focused on the stress experienced by parents/caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. An integrative literature review was conducted. Sources for this search were the Virtual Health Library (VHL, the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed and manual search of references from the selected studies. It was decided to select studies published between 1998 and 2011. The sample included 13 articles. Parents of children with cerebral palsy have higher stress levels than parents of children without disabilities. Behavioral problems, psychological disorders and emotional needs of children were factors commonly associated with high

  17. Avaliação da linguagem após acidente vascular cerebral em adultos no estado de Sergipe

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    João Sigefredo Arruda

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo analisar a ocorrência de distúrbios de linguagem nos indivíduos que sofreram Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Métodos foi avaliada a linguagem de todos os pacientes acometidos por Acidente Vascular Cerebral, atendidos de fevereiro a agosto de 2012, no setor de fisioterapia de centro de referência em educação e saúde do Estado de Sergipe. A avaliação foi baseada no Teste do Rio de Janeiro (2005. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e probabilística através da distribuição de frequência, cálculos da média, desvio padrão e percentis, do Teste U de Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado. Resultado foram encontrados 31 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, com idade variando de 30 a 94 anos. Foi evidenciado que as variáveis: gênero, escolaridade e idade, influenciam no desempenho do teste, verificando-se que o gênero masculino, sujeitos abaixo de 65 anos e os com escolaridade acima de fundamental incompleto pontuam mais. Conclusão maior percentual da amostra apresenta mais alteração na compreensão do que na expressão.

  18. A review of the new minimally invasive brain stimulation techniques in psychiatry Revisão de novas técnicas minimamente invasivas de estimulação cerebral em psiquiatria

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    Jeong-Ho Chae

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available New knowledge about the specific brain regions involved in neuropsychiatric disorders is rapidly evolving due to recent advances in functional neuroimaging techniques. The ability to stimulate the brain in awake alert adults without neurosurgery is a real advance that neuroscientists have long dreamed for. Several novel and minimally invasive techniques to stimulate the brain have recently developed. Among these newer somatic interventions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS and deep brain stimulation (DBS show promise as therapeutic tools in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. This article reviews the history, methodology, and the future of these minimally invasive brain stimulation (MIBS techniques and their emerging research and therapeutic applications in psychiatryO conhecimento acerca de regiões específicas do cérebro envolvidas em transtornos psiquiátricos está em franca expansão como resultado dos avanços recentes em técnicas de neuroimagem funcional. A capacidade de estimular o cérebro em adultos despertos em estado de alerta, sem necessidade de neurocirurgia, é um avanço real sonhado havia muito pelos neurocientistas. Recentemente, desenvolveram-se várias novas técnicas minimamente invasivas para estimular o cérebro. Entre essas novas intervenções somáticas, a estimulação transcraniana magnética (ETM, a estimulação do nervo vago (ENV e a estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP revelam-se promissoras ferramentas terapêuticas no tratamento de transtornos neuropsiquiátricos. Neste artigo se faz uma revisão da história, da metodologia e das perspectivas futuras das técnicas minimamente invasivas de estimulação cerebral (ECMI e das pesquisas e aplicações terapêuticas em psiquiatria

  19. Papiledema unilateral na síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral

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    Mário L. R. Monteiro

    1985-06-01

    Full Text Available São apresentadas as fotografias de fundo de olho de 6 mulheres com papiledema unilateral e a síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral. Achados associados foram: obesidade em 5 e a sindrome da sela vazia parcial em 2. São discutidas as possíveis explicações para o desenvolvimento de papiledema unilateral nesses pacientes e que favorecem um mecanismo presente na porção distal dos nervos ópticos.

  20. Análise da produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre paralisia cerebral Analysis of the Brazilian speech-language pathology scientific production regarding cerebral palsy

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    Marisa Cláudia Feital da Silva

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre paralisia cerebral entre os anos de 2002 a 2009, publicados em periódicos em Fonoaudiologia e em periódicos de áreas afins. MÉTODOS: Estudo documental descritivo pautado na seleção e análise de artigos científicos sobre paralisia cerebral quanto: ao período da publicação; à distribuição de frequência por período; ao procedimento metodológico empregado; à vertente epistemológica adotada; à faixa etária dos sujeitos estudados; à área de atuação fonoaudiológica a que pertence o estudo. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 36 artigos: 28 em periódicos em Fonoaudiologia e oito em periódicos de áreas afins. O maior número de publicações concentrou-se entre 2002 e 2005. Quanto à área, a maioria envolve linguagem e motricidade orofacial. Quanto à vertente epistemológica, a maioria era positivista. Os procedimentos metodológicos mais encontrados foram o levantamento e o estudo de caso. A faixa etária mais estudada foi a da infância. CONCLUSÃO: O crescimento da produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre paralisia cerebral não acompanha a trajetória de crescimento em outras áreas da Fonoaudiologia; já a sua distribuição pelas vertentes epistemológicas, sim. Os dados mostraram estudos ligados à audição, à saúde coletiva e à voz, bem como estudos de natureza documental e estudos sobre adolescentes e adultos.PURPOSE: To analyze the Brazilian Speech-Language Pathology scientific production regarding cerebral palsy published between the years of 2002 and 2009 in Speech-Language Pathology journals and in journals from related areas. METHODS: Documental descriptive study guided by the selection and analysis of scientific papers about cerebral palsy, regarding: publication period; frequency distribution per period; methodological procedure used; epistemological filiations; age range of the studied subjects; Speech

  1. Avaliação de dois modelos experimentais de isquemia e reperfusão cerebral em ratos com oclusão temporária carotídea associada ou não à oclusão vertebral

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    Tardini Daniela Mazza Sundefeld

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade de dois modelos experimentais de isquemia e reperfusão cerebral. MÉTODOS: 60 ratos foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em três grupos experimentais, com 20 animais cada: I - pinçamento temporário de artéria carótida esquerda; II - cauterização prévia das artérias vertebrais e pinçamento temporário da artéria carótida esquerda; simulado - sem isquemia nem reperfusão. Todos os animais tiveram oclusão definitiva de artéria carótida direita e os três grupos foram subdivididos em dois períodos de reperfusão: A - 60 minutos e B - 120 minutos. Os parâmetros verificados foram: medidas de pressão arterial média sistêmica e fluxo sangüíneo carotídeo; medida de malondialdeído cerebral através do teste TBARS e avaliação histológica do hemisfério cerebral submetido à isquemia e reperfusão. Foi feito também um estudo complementar com angiografia cerebral em 5 animais adicionais. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas nas dosagens de malondialdeído cerebral e na freqüência e gravidade das alterações histológicas cerebrais entre os três grupos. Nos grupos GI e GII, a PAM foi significantemente maior no período de isquemia. O fluxo sangüíneo entre os períodos pré e pós-pinçamento aumentou nos grupos IA e IIB, diminuiu no grupo IB e no grupo IIA manteve-se inalterado. As angiografias do estudo complementar mostraram aporte sangüíneo para cérebro através de circulação colateral. CONCLUSÃO: Os modelos de isquemia e reperfusão estudados não demonstraram alterações consistentes de marcadores de lesão cerebral, seja quanto à produção de lipoperóxidos ou de lesões histológicas.

  2. Estudo prospectivo comparativo entre a endarterectomia e a angioplastia com stent e proteção cerebral no tratamento das lesões ateroscleróticas carotídeas: resultados em 30 dias Prospective and comparative study between endarterectomy and stent angioplasty with cerebral protection in carotid atherosclerotic lesions: 30-day results

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    Eugênio Carlos de Almeida Tinoco

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar comparativamente os resultados, em 30 dias, entre a endarterectomia e a angioplastia com stent auto-expansível e filtro de proteção cerebral, avaliando a incidência de acidente vascular cerebral e óbito, bem como o tempo de permanência hospitalar no tratamento das lesões ateroscleróticas da bifurcação carotídea. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, em que foram tratados 80 pacientes, sintomáticos e assintomáticos, com lesões estenóticas maiores que 60 e 70%, respectivamente, da bifurcação carotídea. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de 40 pacientes, que foram avaliados quanto a sexo, idade, comorbidades associadas e tabagismo. RESULTADOS: A taxa de acidente vascular cerebral e óbito foi de 5,0% em ambas as técnicas. Ocorreu um caso (2,5% de ataque isquêmico transitório no grupo endovascular e nenhum na endarterectomia. No que se refere ao tempo de internação, o tratamento endovascular apresentou menor tempo em relação à endarterectomia, sendo estatisticamente significativo (P OBJECTIVE: To comparatively analyze the 30-day results between endarterectomy and angioplasty using self-expandable stent and filter protection in the treatment of carotid bifurcation atherosclerotic lesions. The primary endpoint was to analyze stroke and death rate, as well hospitalization time. METHODS: Comparative and prospective study in 80 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, with carotid bifurcation stenotic lesions greater than 60 and 70%, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups of 40 and assessed according to gender, age, associated comorbid conditions and smoking. RESULTS: The stroke and death rate was 5.0% for both techniques. There was only one case of transient ischemic attack (2.5% in the endovascular group. Regarding hospitalization time, it was significantly lower in favor of the endovascular technique, with statistical significance (P < 0.002. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a 5

  3. Análise dos efeitos da utilização da tala seriada em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Analysis of the effects of the use of serial casting in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of the literature

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    Natália Coutinho Calcagno

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura através da seleção e análise criteriosa de artigos científicos que investigaram os efeitos da tala seriada em crianças com diagnóstico clínico de paralisia cerebral espástica. MÉTODOS: busca sistemática na literatura foi realizada no período de março a agosto de 2004, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline, Lilacs e PEDro publicados nas línguas inglês e português, no período de 1980 a 2004. O nível de evidência dos artigos estudados foi qualificado utilizando-se a escala Magee. RESULTADOS: os quatro artigos incluídos nessa revisão preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão e foram classificados como fracos de acordo com a escala Magee (índice de concordância Kappa K=1,0 devido às limitações metodológicas apresentadas. CONCLUSÕES: as evidências utilizadas nessa revisão sistemática não apresentam nível que possa suportar a utilização clínica da tala seriada em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Futuras pesquisas devem ser realizadas em observância à necessidade de maior rigor metodológico dos estudos para a fundamentação da prática baseada em evidência.OBJECTIVES: to perform a systematic literature review through a careful survey of scientific articles investigating serial casting effects in children clinically diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: systematic literature survey performed during the period of March to August 2004, in Medline, Lilacs and PEDro electronic databases published in English and Portuguese from 1980 to 2004. The evidence level of the articles studied was rated according to the Magee scale. RESULTS: the four articles included in this review met all the inclusion criteria and were rated poor according to the Magee scale (agreement index Kappa K = 1.0 due to the methodological limitations determined. CONCLUSIONS: the evidence used in this systematic review was insufficient to support the use of serial casting in

  4. Quality of life of children with cerebral palsy treated with botulinum toxin: are well-being measures appropriate? Qualidade de vida em crianças com paralisia cerebral tratadas com toxina botulínica: estas avaliações são adequadas?

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    Taísa R. Simões de Assis

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To analyze quality of life (QOL of children with cerebral palsy (CP treated with botulinum toxin type A (BTXA. METHOD: Two QOL evaluation tools, translated into Portuguese, were used: Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI and Child's Caregiver Questionnaire (CCQ. Questionnaires were answered by caregivers on two occasions. Patients were divided into 3 groups: I - patients who had been previously treated with BTXA and who underwent a session of BTXA; II - patients who used BTXA for the first time; III - patients previously treated with BTXA but did not in this interval. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were evaluated. In group I (n=26 the functional ability had improvement for all types of CP (p=0.04, and tetraplegic increased interaction/communication (p=0.02. In group II (n=14 positioning improved (p=0.02. Group III (n=28 showed no change in QOL. CONCLUSIONS: PODCI and CCQ are able to capture outcome in children with CP.OBJETIVO: Analisar a qualidade de vida (QV de crianças com paralisia cerebral tratadas com toxina botulínica do tipo A (TBA. MÉTODO: Dois instrumentos de QV, adaptados para a língua portuguesa, foram utilizados: Instrumento para Avaliação de Resultados de Reabilitação em Pediatria (IARRP e Questionário do Cuidador da Criança (CQC, sendo respondidos pelos cuidadores. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos: I - já haviam utilizado TBA e foram submetidos à aplicação neste intervalo; II - utilizaram TBA pela primeira vez; III - utilizaram TBA previamente, mas não neste intervalo. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e oito pacientes foram avaliados, no grupo I (n=26 houve melhora da capacidade funcional em todos os tipos de PC (p=0.04, e tetraplégicos tiveram ganho também na interação/comunicação (p=0.02. No grupo II (n=14 houve melhora em posicionamento (p=0.02. Não foram observadas mudanças na QV do grupo III (n=28. CONCLUSÃO: IARRP e CQC são capazes de avaliar resultados em crianças com PC.

  5. Inclusão escolar de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: esta é uma realidade possível para todas elas em nossos dias? School inclusion of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: is this possible for all of them in our days?

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    Lúcia Helena C. dos Santos

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a distribuição escolar de um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC e analisar o impacto da função motora grossa e outros déficits no processo de inclusão. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de pacientes do Ambulatório de Paralisia Cerebral da Universidade Federal do Paraná, avaliados em 2005. Pais ou cuidador completaram um questionário com dados relativos a: tipo de escola frequentada, dificuldades do aprendizado e necessidade de suporte psicopedagógico e fonoaudiológico. Os dados obtidos incluíram quem era o cuidador primário, seu nível de escolaridade e renda. As variáveis coletadas dos prontuários foram antecedentes perinatais e pós-natais, classificação topográfica da PC e função motora (Sistema de Classificação Motora Grossa - SCFMG, classificação da fala e presença de epilepsia. RESULTADOS: 105 crianças e adolescentes foram incluídos. A média de idade foi 10,8 anos, 61 (58% masculinos. Dentre as 105 crianças, 97 (92% frequentavam a escola, 36 (34% em classe regular, 7 (6,5% em classe especial e 54 (51% em escola especial. Crianças que frequentavam a escolar regular apresentavam predominantemente SCFMG nível I ou II, hemiplegia, epilepsia ausente ou com bom controle e fala normal ou disartria. Aqueles em escola especial eram crianças com SCFMG níveis III, IV e V, diplegia ou tetraplegia, epilepsia refratária e atraso na fala ou sua ausência. CONCLUSÕES: Até o momento, a inclusão de crianças com PC em escolas regulares parece trazer benefícios para aquelas com hemiplegia, nível I ou II do SCMFG, sem epilepsia e com fala normal.OBJECTIVE: To describe the school distribution of a group of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP and to analyze the impact of gross motor function and other deficits in the inclusion process. METHODS: Prospective study of patients from de Outpatient Clinic for Cerebral Palsy of the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, in

  6. Dilemas éticos da vida humana: a trajetória hospitalar de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral grave The ethical dilemmas of human life: the hospital history of children with serious cerebral palsy

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    Debora Diniz

    1996-09-01

    Full Text Available O artigo é um estudo antropológico que aborda os pressupostos éticos do tratamento médico ministrado em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral grave. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um trabalho etnográfico de oito meses, com pacientes em tratamento no Centro de Paralisia Cerebral do Hospital Sarah, Salvador. A observação da terapêutica ministrada a estas crianças, que apresentam pouquíssimas mudanças do quadro clínico, levou ao questionamento já bastante sugerido em discussões relativas à deontologia médica: Qual o objetivo do tratamento médico empregado nestas crianças? Na verdade, os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram a existência de explicações sócio-humanistas que estariam além da explicação médico-científica oficial, a qual resumiria a terapêutica a um fisicalismo corporal.This study deals with the ethical premises of medical treatment for children with serious cerebral palsy. Eight months of ethnographic research were carried out with patients at the Cerebral Palsy Center in the Sarah Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Observation of treatment for these children, who displayed limited clinical change, led to the following question, as suggested by discussions from medical deontology: What is the purpose of medical treatment for children with serious cerebral palsy? The results of our research point to social and humanist explanations going beyond the official medical scientific explanation, which limits treatment to corporal mechanicism.

  7. Diagnóstico angiográfico dos hematomas subdurais: valor da fase venosa em incidência sagital

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    José Zaclis

    1955-12-01

    Full Text Available Êste trabalho tem por fim demonstrar o valor da fase venosa em incidência sagital no diagnóstico angiográfico dos hematomas subdurais. Êle é baseado em 8 casos verificados cirürgicamente, dois dos quais com hematoma bilateral, compreendendo um total de 10 hematomas subdurals demonstrados pela angiografia cerebral. Em 9 exemplares a elipse avascular que caracteriza essa entidade nosológica só apareceu na fase venosa; sòmente em um caso êsse sinal patognomônico foi claramente revelado na fase arterial em incidência ântero-posterior. O arteriograma mostra, apenas, às mais das vêzes, deslocamento da artéria cerebral anterior e seus ramos para o lado oposto àquele em que se encontra o hematoma, como acontece nos casos de lesões expansivas em geral. Menos freqüentemente os principais troncos arteriais do encéfalo não sofrem modificações no seu trajeto, apesar do espaço intracraniano ocupado pelos hematomas. A existência de hematoma subdural no interior de um hemicrânio sem desvio da artéria cerebral anterior, embora não implique necessàriamente na existência de outra coleção sangüínea do lado oposto, é altamente sugestiva dessa dupla lesão. A exploração bilateral nesses casos é, portanto, obrigatória. Dos três casos desta série em que a angiografia em um dos lados revelou a elipse avascular característica e artéria cerebral anterior com trajeto normal, a angiografia do lado oposto resultou positiva em dois dêles e negativa em um. Pôsto que alguns Serviços especializados não sejam dotados de equipamento para angiografia em séries, o autor recomenda o flebograma em incidência sagital como tempo obrigatório, mesmo que para tanto seja necessária nova injeção de contraste.

  8. SWELLING MITOCONDRIAL EM AMOSTRAS TECIDUAIS DE GATOS SUBMETIDOS À OCLUSÃO DA ARTÉRIA CEREBRAL MÉDIA

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    Câmara RLB

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available A isquemia cerebral tem sido largamente estudada com intuito de se obter medidas terapêuticas eficazes que minimizem seus efeitos, visto que uma grande quantidade de pacientes, clínicos ou cirúrgicos, apresentam conseqüências freqüentemente irreversíveis da mesma. A escolha de um modelo experimental satisfatório a fim de nortear pesquisas com agentes neuroprotetores tem sido a base desses estudos. No presente trabalho foi escolhido o gato como modelo experimental de isquemia e a avaliação foi realizada através do swelling mitocondrial. Os trinta e dois animais utilizados neste experimento, foram divididos em quatro grupos distintos, cada qual com dez animais sendo submetido a um tempo de isquemia, que aumentou progressivamente (15, 30 e 60 minutos, exceto no último grupo com dois animais e que não foi submetido a nenhum procedimento isquemiante. Foram observadas alterações evidentes nas curvas de swelling mitocondrial energizado nos animais submetidos a 60 minutos de isquemia, quando se comparou amostras do lado isquêmico em relação ao controle, isto ficou ainda mais claro quando se adicionou o antibiótico Alameticina durante os ensaios laboratoriais do swelling mitocondrial. Foi possível chegar às seguintes conclusões: o swelling funciona como indicador de diferenciação mitocondrial entre diversos tecidos; a mitocôndria do cérebro, quando exposta ao efeito da Alameticina, apresenta uma sensibilidade diferenciada em relação às dos outros tecidos; a mitocôndria do cérebro submetido a isquemia durante 60 minutos se torna mais sensível à Alameticina; e finalmente, as mitocôndrias do cérebro apresentam uma instalação extremamente rápida da reversão do swelling.

  9. Vasculite cerebral e doença de Basedow-Graves: relato de dois casos

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    Rocha Maria Sheila Guimarães

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar dois casos de pacientes com vasculite cerebral associada à doença de Basedow-Graves. RELATO DOS CASOS: O primeiro é uma paciente de 22 anos de idade com quadro súbito de disartria e déficit motor em dimídio esquerdo. Ao exame clínico, apresentava taquicardia, exoftalmia bilateral e bócio difuso. Referia tratamento para hipertiroidismo há um mês. O segundo é uma paciente de 15 anos de idade, que apresentou quadro súbito de perda da consciência seguindo-se distúrbio de linguagem e déficit motor em hemicorpo direito. RESULTADOS: Os exames de imagem revelaram áreas de lesão cerebral sugestivas de isquemia. Os estudos angiográficos cerebrais evidenciaram estenoses vasculares múltiplas compatíveis com arterite. Foram descartadas outras causas possíveis de vasculite cerebral. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram hipertiroidismo e presença dos anticorpos antimicrossomais e antitireoglobulina. As duas pacientes receberam tratamento para o hipertiroidismo. CONCLUSÃO: A associação entre arterite cerebral e doença de Basedow-Graves sugere que possa existir um elo na patogenia das duas doenças através de mecanismo auto-imune comum a ambas.

  10. Claritromicina associada com pirímetamina na toxoplasmose cerebral - relato de dois casos

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    Marcos Olivicr Dalston

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores relatam a resposta terapêutica da claritromicina associada com pirímetamina em dois casos de toxoplasmose cerebral ocorridos em pacientes com Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA. Nos dois casos o diagnóstico foi presuntivo, baseando-se nas manifestações clínicas e na presença de lesões expansivas hipercaptantes detectadas na tomografia computadorizada (TC de crânio. Em ambos os casos, observou-se exantema com o uso da sulfadiazina e da clindamicina, razão pela qual tais medicamentos foram substituídos pela claritromicina (1,5 a 2g/dia associada à pirímetamina (25mg/dia. A resposta terapêutica foi favorável nos dois casos com melhora das manifestações neurológicas e dos achados neurorradiológicos. Os autores sugerem que a associação claritromicina com pirímetamina pode ser útil como opção terapêutica na toxoplasmose cerebral em pacientes com SIDA que apresentam intolerância ou outra contra-indicação ao emprego das sulfonamidas.

  11. Depressão, ansiedade e sonolência diurna em cuidadores primários de crianças com paralisia cerebral Depresión, ansiedad y somnolencia diurna en cuidadores primarios de niños con parálisis cerebral Depression, anxiety and daytime sleepiness of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy

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    Catherine Marx

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e sonolência diurna excessiva em cuidadores primários de crianças com paralisia cerebral, relacionando-os às condições socioeconômicas do cuidador e às características neurológicas da criança e comparando-os a cuidadores de crianças saudáveis. MÉTODOS: 45 cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral e 50 cuidadores de crianças saudáveis foram aleatoriamente incluídos no estudo e responderam a um questionário semiestruturado. Avaliaram-se os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e sonolência diurna excessiva por meio das escalas de Beck, ansiedade estado-traço e Epworth, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos entrevistados eram mães com baixo nível socioeconômico. Os que se autoavaliaram como ansiosos e depressivos apresentaram resultados comprobatórios de ansiedade e depressão com as escalas de ansiedade estado-traço e Beck para os cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Os níveis de sonolência diurna excessiva estiveram relacionados a elevados níveis de depressão. O comprometimento neurológico das crianças não influenciou os resultados sobre os cuidadores. CONCLUSÕES: Depressão, ansiedade e problemas relacionados ao sono foram comuns em cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral. O nível de funcionalidade neurológica da criança não influenciou os resultados.OBJETIVO: Evaluar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y somnolencia diurna excesiva en cuidadores primarios de niños con parálisis cerebral relacionándolos a las condiciones socioeconómicas del cuidador y a las características neurológicas del niño y comparándolos a cuidadores de niños sanos. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron aleatoriamente en el estudio a 45 cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral y a 50 cuidadores de niños sanos, y contestaron a un cuestionario semiestructurado. Se evaluaron los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y somnolencia diurna excesiva mediante las escalas de

  12. Color doppler evaluation of the influence of type of delivery, sex, postnatal age and time post feeding on full term healthy newborns cerebral blood flow Doppler colorido na avaliação da influência do tipo de parto, sexo, idade pós-natal e tempo pós-mamada no fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em recém-nascidos a termo e saudáveis

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    Carlos Alberto Aranha

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate with Color Doppler the influence of type of delivery, sex, postnatal age and time post feeding on full term healthy newborns cerebral blood flow. METHOD: 50 newborns were studied. The Doppler parameters, peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, mean velocity, pulsatility index and resistance index, were measured in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, and basilar artery. The data were compared and analyzed by statistical tests. Informed consent was obtained from all parents, and the study was approved by institutional ethical committee and review board. RESULTS: We observed not statistically significant differences on cerebral blood flow Doppler parameters in relation to type of delivery, sex, postnatal age and feeding in full term healthy newborns. CONCLUSION: We believe that the knowledge of these cerebral hemodynamic profile of newborns in the first days of life can contribute in an accurate interpretation of cranial Doppler abnormal findings when pathologic flow velocities are analyzed.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar com Doppler colorido a influência do tipo de parto, sexo, idade pós-natal e tempo pós-mamada no fluxo sanguíneo cerebral de recém-nascidos a termo e saudáveis. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 50 recém-nascidos. A Dopplervelocimetria foi obtida nas artérias cerebral anterior, cerebral média, cerebral posterior e basilar. Os parâmetros foram comparados e analisados pelos testes estatísticos Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pela comissão ética e de pós-graduação das instituições e o consentimento informado dos pais foi obtido em todos os casos. RESULTADOS: Não observamos diferenças estatísticamente significativas na Dopplervelocimetria do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em relação ao tipo de parto, sexo, idade pós-natal e tempo pós-mamada dos recém-nascidos normais e saudáveis estudados. CONCLUS

  13. Criar uma idiocultura para promover o desenvolvimento de crianças com paralisia cerebral Creating an idioculture to promote the development of children with cerebral palsy

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    Lucia Willadino Braga

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo apresenta os resultados preliminares da adaptação de um sistema educacional, chamado Quinta Dimensão, no qual a interação social é um meio para a generalização da informação e base para o desenvolvimento de habilidades. Foi criado originalmente por Michael Cole no Laboratório de Cognição Humana Comparada, Universidade da Califórnia, San Diego, e pela primeira vez é aplicado em um contexto de reabilitação com crianças com lesão cerebral na Rede SARAH de Neurorreabilitação, Brasília. Alunos de graduação em psicologia e pedagogia participam do programa e interagem de maneira lúdica e educativa com crianças com paralisia cerebral. Ambos são envolvidos em atividades de aprendizagem colaborativa. Na interação com a criança, os alunos são encorajados a colocar em prática conceitos teóricos formais e, também, vivências individuais. Resultados indicam efeitos positivos sobre o desenvolvimento da criança e aprendizagem do aluno de graduação e mostram caminhos alternativos na educação da criança deficiente. Neste artigo, descrevemos as alterações feitas no programa original para adaptá-lo à reabilitação configurada, assim como os artefatos que medeiam a atividade, necessário para a interação e expressão da criança com paralisia cerebral. Também são discutidos e apresentados os efeitos da atividade sobre o desenvolvimento da criança - com base em relatórios dos pais - e do impacto sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos de graduação. O programa abre caminhos alternativos para uma reflexão sobre e educação da criança com lesão cerebral, com base no desenvolvimento do potencial individual, o contexto e os interesses.This study presents the preliminary results of the adaptation of an educational system called the Fifth Dimension (5D, in which social interaction is a means for generalizing information and a basis for the development of skills beyond the constituent tasks. Originally

  14. Neuroprotective Activity of Lavender Oil on Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

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    Qiusheng Zheng

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The air-<em>dried aerial partsem> of<em> Lavandula angustifoliaem> Mill, a traditional Uygur herbal drug, is used as resuscitation-inducing therapy to treat neurodisfunctions, such as stroke. This study was designed to assess the neuroprotective effects of lavender oil against ischemia/reperfusion (IR injury in mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the intraluminal occlusion method with a nylon string. The neurodysfuntion was evaluated by neurological deficit and the infarct area was showed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC staining. The histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA and carbonyl, the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, catalase (CAT and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px in brain tissue were measured to estimate the oxidative stress state. Neurological deficit, infarct size, histopathology changes and oxidative stress markers were evaluated after 22 h of reperfusion. In comparison with the model group, treatment with lavender oil significantly decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct size, the levels of MDA, carbonyl and ROS, and attenuated neuronal damage, upregulated SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and GSH/GSSG ratio. These results suggested that the neuroprotective effects of lavender oil against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury may be attributed to its antioxidant effects.

  15. Rastreio cognitivo em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral: um estudo transversal

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    Ana Amália Torres Souza Gandour Dantas

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo O estudo objetivou-se a fazer um rastreio cognitivo nos pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC, a fim de determinar pontos de corte de acordo com a idade, escolaridade e grau de comprometimento neurológico. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal no qual participaram 109 pacientes ambulatoriais, sendo 61 homens, com média da idade de 59 anos (± 11, média do tempo de escolaridade de 5 anos (± 4 e do tempo de sequela de 16 meses (± 14. Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio do Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM e pela National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão linear múltipla (stepwise forward. Resultados Verificou-se que as variáveis grau de comprometimento neurológico, idade e escolaridade contribuíram significativamente para o valor global do MEEM e explicaram a variância do estado cognitivo (R2 ajustado = 0,24. Cada aumento do comprometimento neurológico representou diminuição de 0,456 no escore do MEEM. Quanto maior a idade, ocorreu uma diminuição de 0,202 no MEEM, e à medida que diminui o tempo de escolaridade, houve uma diminuição de 0,190 no MEEM. Os pontos de corte variaram de 14 a 22 de acordo com o grau de comprometimento neurológico, idade e escolaridade. Conclusão Os resultados apontaram que, por meio do rastreio positivo de déficit cognitivo, foram encontrados pontos de corte associados ao comprometimento neurológico, necessitando também serem ajustados pela idade e escolaridade, sugerindo que essas associações sejam preferencialmente levadas em consideração na planificação da reabilitação neuropsicológica dos pacientes com AVC.

  16. Emergindo a complexidade do cuidado de enfermagem ao ser em morte encefálica Complejidad emergente del cuidado de enfermería al paciente con muerte cerebral Emerging the complexity of nursing care facing a brain death

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    Aline Lima Pestana

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou desvelar a complexidade do cuidado de enfermagem ao ser em morte encefálica. Utilizaram-se como referenciais teórico e metodológico o pensamento complexo e a Grounded Theory, respectivamente. Os dados foram coletados em um hospital universitário do nordeste brasileiro, de dezembro de 2010 a junho de 2011, por meio de entrevistas não estruturadas. A amostra teórica constituiu-se de 12 enfermeiros, distribuídos em três grupos amostrais. O fenômeno "Desvelando relações e interações múltiplas do ser enfermeiro na complexidade do cuidado ao ser em morte encefálica" foi delimitado por cinco categorias. Neste artigo, foi abordada a categoria "Emergindo a complexidade do cuidado de enfermagem ao ser em morte encefálica". O estudo evidenciou que o cuidado ao ser em morte encefálica é caracterizado por desordem e incertezas, fazendo com que o enfermeiro vivencie sentimentos diversos e ambivalentes. A sua complexidade está em compreender a sua singularidade e dialogicidade.Este estudio objetivó desvelar la complejidad del cuidado en enfermería al paciente con muerte encefálica. Se utilizaron como marcos teórico y metodológico el pensamiento complejo y la Grounded Theory, respectivamente. Los datos fueron recolectados en un hospital universitario en el nordeste de Brasil, entre diciembre de 2010 y junio de 2011, a través de entrevistas no estructuradas. La muestra teórica fue compuesta por 12 enfermeras asignadas en tres grupos. El fenómeno "Revelando las múltiples relaciones e interacciones en ser un enfermero en la complejidad del cuidado del paciente con muerte cerebral" fue delimitada en cinco categorías. En este artículo, se dirigió a la categoría de "Emergiendo la complejidad del cuidado de enfermería al paciente en muerte cerebral". El estudio mostró que el cuidado al ser en muerte cerebral se acompaña de desorden e incertidumbres, haciendo con que la enfermera pueda experimentar diferentes y

  17. O uso de técnicas para auxiliar a flexibilidade e equilíbrio em adolescentes portadores de paralisia cerebral: o relato de três casos Use of techniques to increase flexibility and equilibrium in adolescents with cerebral palsy: report of three case studies

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    Katia Carpetieri Ferrarezi

    2000-05-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo descrever os testes e o tratamento pediátrico de paralisia cerebral espástica em fase de independência motora para a flexibilidade dos membros inferiores e para o desenvolvimento do aumento no tempo de equilíbrio. Foram selecionados, para participar deste estudo, 3 sujeitos com paralisia cerebral em fase de independência motora. Sujeito 1 do sexo masculino, 12 anos, diplégico espástico; sujeito 2 do sexo masculino, 13 anos, hemiplegia direita espástica; sujeito 3 do sexo feminino, 10 anos, hemiplegia espástica esquerda. A metodologia usada para a avaliação foi o teste de “sentar e alcançar”, a goniometria e o teste de equilíbrio. O procedimento é composto em 16 semanas, com sessões individuais de 30 minutos, duas vezes por semana. Para conseguir flexibilidade dos membros inferiores, foi usado o método de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, e para estímulos proprioceptivos e vestibulares (equilíbrio foram usados saltos no mini-trampolim. O resultado obtido com o tratamento proposto foi um ganho na flexibilidade, medido pelo teste de "sentar e alcançar" de 30% para o sujeito 1, 40% para o sujeito 2 e 40 % para o sujeito 3, e o ganho obtido com o tempo de equilíbrio foi de 160% para o sujeito 1, 100% para o sujeito 2 e 500% para o sujeito 3The aim of this paper is to describe the tests and pediatric treatment of motor-independent spastic cerebral palsy to increase lower-limbs flexibility and equilibrium time. Three subjects were selected for the experiment: a twelve-year-old boy with spastic diplegia, a thirteen-year-old boy with right spastic hemiplegia and a ten-year-old girl with left spastic hemiplegia. The evaluation methodology consisted of sit-and-reach test, goniometry and equilibrium test. The treatment procedure consisted of two weekly individual 30-minute sessions covering a period of 16 weeks. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation method was used to increase lower

  18. Anastomose arterial extra-intracraniana para tratamento de paciente com isquemia cerebral refratária ao manejo clínico

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    Falavigna Asdrubal

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A anastomose extra-intracraniana pode ser utilizada em casos selecionados de insuficiência vascular encefálica refratária ao tratamento clínico. Descrevemos um caso de isquemia encefálica em território de artéria cerebral média direita devida à oclusão da artéria carótida interna homolateral com conseqüente redução da perfusão e reserva vascular nos hemisférios frontal e parietal. Apesar do tratamento clínico, a melhora do déficit motor estava relacionada diretamente com a manutenção de níveis tensionais sistêmicos elevados pelo uso de vasopressor. Após anastomose extra-intracraniana término-lateral entre as artérias temporal superficial e cerebral média direita, houve melhora significativa da perfusão cerebral com remissão do déficit motor.

  19. O sujeito cerebral e o movimento da neurodiversidade

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    Francisco Ortega

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o movimento da neurodiversidade organizado basicamente por autistas chamados de alto funcionamento que consideram que o autismo não é uma doença a ser tratada, mas uma diferença humana, a qual deve ser respeitada como outras diferenças. O movimento da "neurodiversidade" deve ser inserido em um marco sociocultural e histórico mais amplo que incorpore o impacto crescente no imaginário cultural dos saberes e das práticas neurocientíficas com o paradigma do sujeito cerebral e a expansão da neurocultura. No contexto do sujeito cerebral, o cérebro responde por tudo o que outrora costumávamos atribuir à pessoa e vem se tornando um critério biossocial de agrupamento fundamental. O artigo mostra como uma ideologia solipsista, reducionista e cientificista - o sujeito cerebral - pode servir de base para a formação de identidade e de redes de sociabilidade e comunidade.This article analyzes the neurodiversity movement, organized mostly by so-called high-functioning autists, who consider that autism is not a disease to be treated, but rather a human difference that should be respected alongside other differences. The "neurodiversity" movement must be set within a wider sociocultural and historical field that incorporates the growing impact of neuroscientific knowledge and practices in the cultural imagination with the paradigm of the cerebral subject and the expansion of neuroculture. In the context of the cerebral subject, the brain accounts for all that we used to attribute to the person, and it is becoming a fundamental criterion for biosocial grouping. The article shows how a solipsist, reductionist and scientificist ideology - the cerebral subject - can act as the basis for the formation of identity and networks of sociability and community.

  20. Decompressive craniectomy in massive cerebral infarction Craniectomia descompressiva no infarto cerebral extenso

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    João Paulo Mattos

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Twenty one patients were submitted to decompressive craniectomy for massive cerebral infarct. Ten patients (47.6% presented a good outcome at the 6 months evaluation, eight had a poor outcome (38% and three died (14.2%. There was no outcome statistical difference between surgery before and after 24 hours of ictus, dominant and non-dominant stroke groups. Patients older than 60 years and those who had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS8 at pre-surgical exam and decompressive craniectomy before signs of brain herniation represent the main factors related to a better outcome. Dominant hemispheric infarction does not represent exclusion criteria.Vinte e um pacientes foram submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva para o tratamento de infarto cerebral extenso. Dez pacientes (47,6% apresentaram boa evolução em avaliação após 6 meses, 8 apresentaram evolução desfavorável (38% e 3 faleceram (14,2%. Durante o seguimento, não se evidenciou diferença estatística na evolução entre pacientes operados antes e após 24 horas do ictus, nem entre lesões envolvendo o hemisfério dominante versus não dominante. Pacientes com mais de 60 anos e aqueles com Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG8 no exame pré-operatório e craniectomia descompressiva antes de sinais de herniação cerebral representam os principais fatores relacionados a uma melhor evolução clínica. Infarto hemisférico envolvendo o hemisfério dominante não representa um critério de exclusão.

  1. Isolamento e cultivo de neurônios e neuroesferas de córtex cerebral aviar

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    Carla Rossini Crepaldi

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Métodos de cultivo celular são convenientes na realização de análises funcionais de alterações/interações protéicas das células neuronais, auxiliando a decifrar o interactoma de proteínas chaves na neurogênese de doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central. Por esse motivo, culturas de neurônios e neuroesferas isolados do córtex cerebral aviar representam um modelo acessível para o estudo de diversas doenças neurológicas, tal como a epilepsia. A espécie aviar apresenta peculiaridades em seu proteoma neuronal, visto a presença de uma expressão diferenciada de proteínas chaves no metabolismo energético cerebral, algumas destas (VDAC1 e VDAC2 desempenham papel importante na compreensão do mecanismo da epilepsia refratária. A metodologia estabelecida no presente estudo obteve cultivo de neuroeferas, onde as células cresceram tipicamente em aglomerados atingindo, dentro de 7 dias, o diâmetro ideal de 100-200 µm. A diferenciação celular das neuroesferas foi obtida após a aderência destas às placas tratadas com poli-D-lisina, evidenciada pela migração de fibras do interior da neuroesfera. Ao contrário das neuroesferas, os neurônios em cultivo extenderam seus neuritos após 11 dias de isolamento. Tal modelo in vitro pode ser utilizado com sucesso na identificação das variáveis neuroproteômicas, propiciando uma avaliação global das alterações dinâmicas e suas interações protéicas. Tal modelo pode ter aplicações em estudos dos efeitos de indutores da morte celular e bloqueadores de canais de membrana mitocondriais em proteínas chaves do metabolismo energético cerebral.

  2. Epidemiologia dos acidentes cerebrovasculares em Joinville, Brasil: estudo institucional Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Joinville, Brazil: an institutional study

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    Norberto L. Cabral

    1997-09-01

    Full Text Available A carência de dados epidemiológicos e a impressão prévia de elevada incidência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC no Brasil criou o estímulo para estudo institucional prospectivo em Joinville. No período de 1-março-1995 a 1-março-1996, avaliamos o primeiro episódio e episódios recorrentes em AVC, incidência, mortalidade, taxa de fatalidade-caso em 30 dias (letalidade, freqüência de fatores de risco, tempo para admissão hospitalar e distribuição dos infartos cerebrais por subtipos patológicos. Registramos 429 pacientes no período, 320 destes com primeiro episódio. Tomografia de crânio foi realizada em 98% dos casos. A taxa de incidência anual ajustada por idade em primeiro episódio de AVC foi de 156/100000. A distribuição por diagnóstico foi: 73,4% para infarto cerebral, 18.4% para hemorragia cerebral e 7,5% para hemorragia subaracnóide. A taxa de mortalidade anual padronizada foi 25/100000. A letalidade foi 26%. Hipertensão, AVC prévio e diabetes foram os fatores de risco mais freqüentes. Somente 25% dos pacientes chegaram ao hospital nas primeiras três horas iniciais. Concluímos que a taxa de incidência em primeiro episódio de AVC em pacientes institucionalizados em Joinville, Brasil, é elevada. A taxa de mortalidade e letalidade são similares as de outras populações.The paucity of epidemiologic data, and the previous impression of high incidence of cerebrovascular disease in Brazil, made us elaborate a prospective institutional study in Joinville, Brazil, with the objective of identifying first and recurrent episodes in stroke. This study occurred from March 1995 to March 1996. We evaluated during the first episode of stroke: incidence, mortality and fatality-case rate (in 30 days letality, frequency of risk factor, time in hospital and distribution of cerebral infarcts by pathological subtypes. In this period, 429 patients with stroke were registered, 320 with the first episode. 98% of all the patients

  3. Acolhendo e atuando com alunos que apresentam paralisia cerebral na classe regular: a organização da escola Reveiving and working with pupils who present cerebral palsy in the regular classroom: school organization

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    Francisco Ricardo Lins Vieira de Melo

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo situar aspectos relativos a uma análise empreendida em duas escolas regulares da cidade do Natal/RN, a respeito de como têm se organizado, do ponto de vista ambiental e pedagógico, para incluir o aluno com paralisia cerebral em seu contexto. Com base no objetivo proposto, foi realizado um estudo descritivo do tipo estudo de caso. A coleta de informações realizou-se através da observação e da entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados foram analisados tomando por base cinco categorias: projeto políticopedagógico; programa de informação e sensibilização; apoio da direção escolar; recursos pedagógicos adaptados; adequação do ambiente físico. A partir dos resultados foi possível identificar, em relação à organização ambiental e pedagógica das escolas investigadas, que de uma maneira geral necessitam: priorizar a elaboração do projeto pedagógico, levando em consideração os princípios da educação inclusiva; investir na formação continuada e apoiar mais os professores em sua prática pedagógica; desenvolver programas de orientação à comunidade escolar com vistas a desmistificar preconceitos e informar sobre as potencialidades do aluno com paralisia cerebral; buscar parcerias junto a outros profissionais e convênios para aquisição de recursos pedagógicos e equipamentos específicos para favorecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem desse alunado; adequar a estrutura física das escolas visando assegurar a acessibilidade e a autonomia do aluno com paralisia cerebral no ensino regular.This study aimed to point out aspects requiring analysis in two regular schools of the city of Natal/RN, as to organization requirements, from the point of view of context and pedagogy, so as to enable the inclusion of students with cerebral palsy. A descriptive study was carried out, using a case study format. Data was collected through observation and semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed based

  4. Cerebral abscess in dog - a Case report

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    Juliana de Castro Cosme

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Cosme J.C., Silva M.A., Santos R.P., Andrade Júnior P.S.C. & Nunes L.C. Cerebral abscess in dog - a Case report. [Abscesso cerebreal em cão - Relato de caso.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(1:15-19, 2015. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/nº Cx Postal 16, Guararema, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E-mail: louisiane.nunes@ufes.br; louisianecn@yahoo.com.br Cerebral abscess is an affection of the nervous system with rare manifestation in dogs, caused by proliferation of pyogenic bacteria. The aim of this work was to describe the clinical and pathological findings in a case of cerebral abscess in dog, as well as to discuss the adopted treatment procedures. A 48-day old, male labrador dog was examined at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES, exhibiting a lesion caused by trauma on the frontal left region of the skull. The animal presented signs of ataxia and apathy, and received antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment. The animal died 30 days after consultation. Among other macroscopic findings, necroscopic examination revealed cutaneous scabby lesion on the frontal left region of the skull, cerebellar herniation, and increase of the left hemiencephalon. Microscopical analyses showed neutrophilic leptomeningitis of brain, cerebellum and cord, neuropil vacuolation, and neutrophilic infiltrate in the perivascular Virchow-Robin spaces of the brain. Staphylococcus sp. was evidenced by microbiological isolation. The non-specificity of the clinical signs in cases of cerebral abscess may hinder the establishment of an early diagnosis, thus reducing the treatment and survival chances of the animal.

  5. Normative study of tympanic infrared thermometry: a non-invasive index of asymmetric cerebral activity Normatização da termometria timpânica por infravermelho: um indicador não-invasivo de atividade cerebral assimétrica

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    Danielle Cicarini de Landa

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Human and primate studies have demonstrated that performance of tasks that induce asymmetrical physiological activation of the cerebral hemispheres leads to a reduction of tympanic temperature (TT ipsilateral to the most active hemisphere. It is possible that diseases that interfere in an asymmetrical fashion with the degree of cerebral activity cause similar TT changes. There are not, however, normative studies of the acceptable interaural difference in TT in normal subjects at rest. This study was done to establish normative values for interaural TT values measured by means of infrared tympanic thermometry in resting normal subjects not engaged in any specific task. TT values were measured in 47 normal volunteers (20 men and 27 women, aged 39.38±12.57 years old at rest; mean interaural differences of TT were calculated. Mean right ear TT was 36.85±0.50ºC and mean left ear TT was 36.74±0.57ºC; these values are in agreement with those already reported in the literature. Mean interaural TT difference was 0.25ºC (SD 0.21ºC. These findings indicate that maximal normal values for interaural TT differences, with confidence levels of 99% and 95%, are, respectively, 0.88 and 0.67ºC. The value of interaural differences of TT as a marker of asymmetrical hemispheric activity in neurological patients will have to be established by additional studies.Estudos em humanos e outros primatas demonstraram que a realização de tarefas que causam ativação assimétrica fisiológica dos hemisférios cerebrais resulta em redução da temperatura timpânica (TT ipsilateral ao hemisfério cerebral mais ativo. É possível que patologias que interfiram de modo assimétrico com o grau de atividade cerebral causem alterações similares da TT. Não existem, entretanto, estudos normativos da diferença normal aceitável de TT entre os tímpanos de um mesmo indivíduo em repouso. Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer uma normatização dos valores bilaterais

  6. O uso da ausculta cervical na inferência de aspiração traqueal em crianças com paralisia cerebral The use of cervical auscultation in tracheal aspiration in children with cerebral palsy

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    Ana Maria Furkim

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar a detectabilidade da ausculta cervical na avaliação clínica com a comprovação da aspiração na videofluoroscopia da deglutição em crianças com paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica com disfagia orofaríngea. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo com análise de 101 prontuários de crianças, na faixa etária de 1 a 12 anos, pertencentes a uma instituição, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica e que foram encaminhadas e avaliadas por equipe interdisciplinar. Foi realizada anamnese com avaliação clínica da alimentação com ausculta cervical e videofluoroscopia da deglutição. RESULTADOS: os resultados estatísticos mostraram que há relação significante entre a ausculta cervical positiva e a penetração ou aspiração laríngea constatada na videofluoroscopia da deglutição e que a ausculta cervical negativa está mais associada à não penetração/aspiração. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que a ausculta cervical pode ser utilizada para inferência do risco de aspiração e, portanto, como alerta para atuação precoce nessa população, além da vantagem de ser um método não invasivo.PURPOSE: to compare the efficacy of cervical auscultation during the clinical evaluation with the confirmation of aspiration in the videofluoroscopy of deglutition in oropharyngeal dysphagic children with tetraparetic cerebral palsy. METHODS: retrospective study with analysis of 101 notes of children, between 1 and 12-year old, enrolled in one institution, with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegia and referred and evaluated by interdisciplinary team. Clinical history, clinical evaluation of feeding with cervical auscultation and videofluoroscopy of deglutition were performed. RESULTS: the statistical results showed significance between positive cervical auscultation and laryngeal penetration or aspiration during the videofluoroscopy of deglutition and a negative cervical auscultation is

  7. Comparative analysis of the results of various physical therapy techniques in the treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with chronic cerebral ischemia

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    Lazarev М.S.

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available

    <em>Aim of the study: em>to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques of dynamic simultaneous transcranial magnetic therapy and resonance, and electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic therapy and dynamic laser stimulation, magnetic simpatokorrektsii in the treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with chronic cerebral ischemia. <em>Techniques. em>We observed 184 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma who received different physical therapy techniques. <em>Results>. Patients treated with transcranial magnetic therapy and electrical stimulation or laser stimulation, in addition to improving visual function and improve the bioelectrical activity of the visual cortex, more pronounced than in other groups also observed the activation of the intraocular blood fow. Application of magnetic simpatokorrektsii allows for improvement of basic functional, electrophysiological and hemodynamic performance by reducing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and reduce the vasopressor effect. <em>Conclusion>. Transcranial magnetic therapy in combination with electrical stimulation or laser stimulation is effective in the treatment of patients with POAG. In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with chronic cerebral ischemia technique of magnetic sim-patokorrektsii compared with traditional methods of vasoactive therapy is more effective, which is manifested not only increase the visual functions, but also a decrease in cognitive impairment.

  8. Hemometabolismo cerebral: variações na fase aguda do coma traumático Cerebral hemometabolism: variability in the acute phase of traumatic coma

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    ANTONIO L. E. FALCÃO

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar as interrelações entre as alterações hemometabólicas cerebrais e sistêmicas em pacientes com traumatismo craniencefálico (TCE grave submetidos a um protocolo terapêutico padronizado. DESENHO: estudo prospectivo, intervencionista em pacientes com coma traumático. LOCAL: uma UTI geral em hospital universitário. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: vinte e sete pacientes (21M e 6F, idade 14-58 anos, com TCE grave, com três a oito pontos na escala de coma de Glasgow, foram avaliados prospectivamente segundo um protocolo cumulativo padronizado para tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana aguda, o qual incluía medidas rotineiras da pressão intracraniana (PIC e da extração cerebral de oxigênio (ECO2. Foram analisadas as interrelações hemometabólicas envolvendo: pressão arterial média (PAM, PIC, pressão parcial de gás carbônico arterial (PaCO2, ECO2, pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC e extração sistêmica de oxigênio (ESO2. INTERVENÇÕES: apenas as padronizadas no protocolo terapêutico. RESULTADOS: não houve correlação entre a ECO2 e a PPC (r = -0,07; p = 0,41. Houve correlação inversa entre a PaCO2 e a ECO2 (r = -0,24; p = 0,005 e direta entre a ESO2 e a ECO2 (r = 0,24; p = 0,01. A mortalidade geral dos pacientes foi de 25,9% (7/27. CONCLUSÃO: 1 a PPC não se correlaciona com a ECO2 em quaisquer níveis de PIC; 2 a ECO2 está estreitamente relacionada aos diferentes níveis de PaCO2 ; e 3 durante a hiperventilação otimizada existe um acoplamento entre a ECO2 e a ESO2.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the interrelationships between cerebral and systemic hemometabolic alterations in patients with severe traumatic brain injury managed according to a standardized therapeutic protocol. DESIGN: prospective, interventional study in patients with traumatic coma. SETTING: a general Intensive Care Unit in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: twenty-seven patients (21M e 6F, aging 14--58 years, with severe acute brain trauma

  9. Processo de indicação do implante coclear em uma criança com paralisia cerebral: estudo de caso Indication process of cochlear implant for a child with cerebral palsy: a case report

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    Maria Jaquelini Dias dos Santos

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available A paralisia cerebral (PC é o transtorno motor mais frequente na infância, podendo apresentar outras deficiências associadas, inclusive a deficiência auditiva. Estudos sobre a indicação do implante coclear (IC em crianças com PC e deficiência auditiva são restritos internacionalmente, e no Brasil, inexistentes. Desta maneira, o objetivo do estudo foi descrever o processo de avaliação pré-cirúrgica de uma criança com PC candidata ao IC. O estudo foi realizado com um menino, com 2 anos e 6 meses de idade, com PC e deficiência auditiva bilateral. O protocolo pré-cirúrgico seguiu os procedimentos já utilizados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, compreendendo: avaliações fonoaudiológicas, neurológica, otorrinolaringológica e psicológica, por meio de observações clinicas, questionários, e exames radiológicos. O paciente foi diagnosticado com espectro da neuropatia auditiva de grau profundo bilateral, quadriparesia atetóide de grau moderado, atraso global do desenvolvimento, exceto na função visual, comportamento comunicativo intencional presente, bom contato social, ausência de comprometimentos intelectuais ou outras deficiências associadas ao quadro da PC e família integrada ao tratamento. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o paciente foi considerado apto para cirurgia de IC, e permanece em acompanhamento sistemático no respectivo programa. Ressalta-se a importância de uma etapa pré-cirúrgica ampla e estruturada para crianças com paralisia cerebral e candidatas ao IC. Por meio de instrumentos de avaliação direcionados aos aspectos globais do desenvolvimento, é possível obter informações específicas que enriquecem as orientações dadas aos pais sobre o prognóstico da criança e possibilitam traçar metas reais de reabilitação auditiva.Cerebral palsy (CP is the most common motor disorder in childhood, and is usually associated with other disabilities, including hearing impairment

  10. Hemiparetic cerebral palsy: etiological risk factors and neuroimaging Paralisia cerebral hemiparética: fatores de risco etiológico e neuroimagem

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    Ana Maria Sedrez Gonzaga Piovesana

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this paper, which was conducted on 175 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (H-CP, was to verify the etiological risk period for this disease. Etiological risk factors (ERF were detected through anamnesis: 23% in the prenatal period, 18% in the perinatal period and 59% of the patients the period was undefined (ERF in the prenatal and perinatal period was 41% and no ERF was 18% of the cases. The computerized tomographic scan (CT and MRI were performed on all the patients, who were then classified according to their etiopathogenic data: CT1= normal (18%; CT 2= unilateral ventricular enlargement (25%; CT 3= cortical/ subcortical cavities (28%; CT4= hemispheric atrophy and other findings (14%; CT 5= malformations (15%. CT 5 was associated with physical malformations beyond the central nervous system and with prenatal ERF's , while CT 2 was associated with the perinatal ERF's, mainly in premature births. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 57 patients and demonstrated a good degree of concordance with the CT. Etiology remained undefined in only 37% of the cases after neuroimaging was related to ERF. A high perinatal RF frequency (59% was observed and emphasized the need for special care during this period.Foram estudadas 175 crianças com paralisia cerebral hemiparética (PC-H para elucidar o período de risco etiológico. Através da anamnese constataram-se fatores de risco para etiologia (FRE pré-natal em 23%, perinatal em18% e período indefinido em 59% dos pacientes (com FRE pré e perinatal 41% e sem FRE 18%. A tomografia computadorizada (TC foi realizada em todos os sujeitos e classificada de acordo com dados etiopatogênicos em: TC1= normal (18%; TC2= alargamento ventricular unilateral (25%; TC3= cavidades córtico-subcorticais (28%; TC4= atrofia hemisférica e outros achados (14%; TC5= malformações (15%. A TC5 se associada a malformações físicas fora do sistema nervoso central e aos FRE pré-natais e a TC2 aos

  11. Dilemas éticos da vida humana: a trajetória hospitalar de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral grave

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    Debora Diniz

    Full Text Available O artigo é um estudo antropológico que aborda os pressupostos éticos do tratamento médico ministrado em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral grave. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um trabalho etnográfico de oito meses, com pacientes em tratamento no Centro de Paralisia Cerebral do Hospital Sarah, Salvador. A observação da terapêutica ministrada a estas crianças, que apresentam pouquíssimas mudanças do quadro clínico, levou ao questionamento já bastante sugerido em discussões relativas à deontologia médica: Qual o objetivo do tratamento médico empregado nestas crianças? Na verdade, os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram a existência de explicações sócio-humanistas que estariam além da explicação médico-científica oficial, a qual resumiria a terapêutica a um fisicalismo corporal.

  12. Dilemas éticos da vida humana: a trajetória hospitalar de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral grave

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    Diniz Debora

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo é um estudo antropológico que aborda os pressupostos éticos do tratamento médico ministrado em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral grave. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um trabalho etnográfico de oito meses, com pacientes em tratamento no Centro de Paralisia Cerebral do Hospital Sarah, Salvador. A observação da terapêutica ministrada a estas crianças, que apresentam pouquíssimas mudanças do quadro clínico, levou ao questionamento já bastante sugerido em discussões relativas à deontologia médica: Qual o objetivo do tratamento médico empregado nestas crianças? Na verdade, os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram a existência de explicações sócio-humanistas que estariam além da explicação médico-científica oficial, a qual resumiria a terapêutica a um fisicalismo corporal.

  13. Herpes Zoster oftálmico e posterior acidente vascular cerebral: relato de caso

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    Carlos A. M. Guerreiro

    1984-12-01

    Full Text Available Um caso de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC 14 semanas após a instalação de herpes zoster oftálmico (HZO é apresentado. A tomografia computadorizada craniana documentou comprometimento em território de artéria cerebral média ipsilateral ao HZO. O diagnóstico de probabilidade é o de arterite por herpes zoster com posterior trombose. Os autores reviram a literatura e enfatizam o longo intervalo entre o HZO e a instalação da hemiplegia. Citam as novas drogas antivirais que tornam esta causa de AVC potencialmente passível de ser prevenida.

  14. Complicações respiratórias em pacientes com paralisia cerebral submetidos à anestesia geral Complicaciones respiratorias en pacientes con parálisis cerebral sometidos a la anestesia general Respiratory complications in patients with cerebral palsy undergoing general anesthesia

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    Sérgio Silva de Mello

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Anestesia em pacientes com paralisia cerebral (PC pode representar um desafio para o anestesiologista. Este estudo prospectivo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e o risco de complicações respiratórias em crianças com PC submetidas à anestesia geral inalatória (AGI para tomografia computadorizada (TC. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo pacientes com idades entre 1 e 17 anos, estado físico ASA I a III, submetidos a AGI com sevoflurano e máscara laríngea para TC no período de junho/2002 a junho/2003, divididos em três grupos: PC tetraplégicos (PCT, outros tipos de PC (PCO e paciente sem PC (NPC. Os pais ou responsáveis responderam a um questionário com perguntas sobre o histórico médico dos pacientes, infecção de vias aéreas superiores (IVAS, asma, convulsão, incoordenação orofaríngea, refluxo gastroesofágico, etc. Dados sobre incidência e gravidade das complicações respiratórias foram coletados prospectivamente (tosse, broncoespasmo, laringoespasmo, hipoxemia, aspiração. A amostra foi calculada para uma incidência esperada de 5% no grupo NPC, com uma diferença de 15% entre os grupos (alfa = 0,05 e beta = 0,1, utilizando-se os testes do Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e t de Student. RESULTADOS: Compuseram a amostra 290 pacientes divididos nos grupos da seguinte forma: PCT - 100, PCO - 79 e NPC - 111. Não houve diferença na prevalência de complicações respiratórias entre os grupos PCT (4%, PCO (8,9% e NPC (7,3%. Houve associação entre a presença de IVAS e a ocorrência de complicações (risco relativo, 10,71. CONCLUSÕES: Crianças com paralisia cerebral tipo tetraplegia espástica não parecem ter um risco aumentado de complicações respiratórias durante anestesia geral inalatória com sevoflurano e máscara laríngea. O estudo confirma IVAS como fator de risco para a ocorrência dessas complicações.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La anestesia en pacientes con par

  15. Dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal e outros parâmetros de vitalidade fetal na sobrevida neonatal em gestações com insuficiência placentária

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    Nomura, Roseli Mieko Yamamoto; Niigaki, Juliana Ikeda; Horigome, Flávia Thiemi; Francisco, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira; Zugaib, Marcelo

    2013-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Estudar a dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal em gestações complicadas pela insuficiência placentária e verificar o seu papel no prognóstico de sobrevida neonatal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo de 93 gestantes com diagnóstico de insuficiência placentária estabelecida antes da 34ª semana. A insuficiência placentária foi caracterizada pelo Doppler de artéria umbilical (AU) alterado (> p95). Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de pulsatilidade (IP...

  16. Dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal e outros parâmetros de vitalidade fetal na sobrevida neonatal em gestações com insuficiência placentária

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    Nomura,Roseli Mieko Yamamoto; Niigaki,Juliana Ikeda; Horigome,Flávia Thiemi; Francisco,Rossana Pulcineli Vieira; Zugaib,Marcelo

    2013-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Estudar a dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal em gestações complicadas pela insuficiência placentária e verificar o seu papel no prognóstico de sobrevida neonatal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo de 93 gestantes com diagnóstico de insuficiência placentária estabelecida antes da 34ª semana. A insuficiência placentária foi caracterizada pelo Doppler de artéria umbilical (AU) alterado (> p95). Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de pulsatilidade ...

  17. Cerebral microangiopathies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Linn, Jennifer

    2011-01-01

    Cerebral microangiopathies are a very heterogenous group of diseases characterized by pathological changes of the small cerebral vessels. They account for 20 - 30 % of all ischemic strokes. Degenerative microangiopathy and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiography represent the typical acquired cerebral microangiopathies, which are found in over 90 % of cases. Besides, a wide variety of rare, hereditary microangiopathy exists, as e.g. CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), Fabrys disease and MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes). (orig.)

  18. Effects of Milrinone continuous intravenous infusion on global cerebral oxygenation and cerebral vasospasm after cerebral aneurysm surgical clipping

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    Mohamed A. Ghanem

    2014-01-01

    Conclusions: Milrinone improved significantly the global cerebral oxygenation and reduced the incidence of cerebral vasospasm during the dangerous period of cerebral spasm after cerebral aneurysm clipping.

  19. Tratamento da escoliose em crianças com paralisia cerebral utilizando a prótese vertical expansível de titânio para costela (VEPTR Tratamiento de la escoliosis en niños con parálisis cerebral mediante la prótesis vertical expansible de titanio para las costillas (VEPTR Treatment of scoliosis in children with cerebral palsy using the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR

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    Kiyomori de Quental Tyba

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da prótese vertical expansível de titânio (VEPTR como opção de tratamento inicial da escoliose em crianças de baixa idade portadoras de paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 10 pacientes portadores de paralisia cerebral (PC tratados com VEPTR pelo grupo de escoliose da AACD de São Paulo. Caracterizavam-se por imaturidade esquelética e escoliose progressiva; sem deformidade grave no plano sagital. Realizamos avaliação da curva pelo método de Cobb no pré e pós-operatório e após dois anos de seguimento. RESULTADOS: A correção obtida com o uso do VEPTR no pós-operatório imediato foi em média de 41,4% nas radiografias iniciais sem tração (p = 0,005 e 9,1% (p = 0,055 nas radiografias com tração. Após quatro meses de pós-operatório mantiveram-se ganhos de 27,2% com relação ao início. Houve correção da obliquidade pélvica de 10,2º no pré-operatório para 5,4º em média (p = 0,007. As complicações ocorreram em seis pacientes (60% e em apenas um paciente foi necessária a retirada do VEPTR. CONCLUSÃO: O VEPTR é um método que obteve correção significativa no tratamento provisório das escolioses na PC, apesar de frequentes complicações de baixa morbidade.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el uso de la prótesis vertical expansible de titanio (VEPTR como opción de tratamiento inicial para la escoliosis en niños pequeños con parálisis cerebral. MÉTODOS: 10 pacientes con parálisis cerebral (PC fueron evaluados y tratados con VEPTR por el grupo de escoliosis de la AACD en Sao Paulo. Caracterizados por escoliosis progresiva inmadurez esquelética, sin deformidad grave en el plano sagital. Se evaluó la curva por el método de Cobb en el preoperatorio, posoperatorio, y después de dos años de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: LA CORRECCIón, obtenida con el uso de VEPTR en el posoperatorio inmediato, fue en promedio 41,4% en relación a las radiografías iniciales sin tracción (p = 0,005 y 9,1% (p = 0

  20. Cerebral ischemia caused by Streptococcus bovis aortic endocarditis: case report Isquemia cerebral causada por endocardite aórtica pelo Streptococcus bovis: relato de caso

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    Leopoldo Santos-Neto

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral ischemic processes associated with infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis are rare; only 2 cases having been reported. Here we report a case of a 50-year-old man with S. bovis endocarditis who presented signs of frontal, parietal and occipital lobe cerebral ischemia. This is the first case reported in which the presence of hemianopsia preceded the endocarditis diagnosis. Initially, the clinical manifestations suggested a systemic vasculitis. Later, vegetating lesions were identified in the aortic valve and S. bovis grew in blood cultures. Antibiotic use and aortic valve replacement eliminated the infection and ceased thromboembolic events. A videocolonoscopy examination revealed no mucosal lesions as a portal of entry in this case, although such lesions have been encountered in up to 70% of reported cases of S. bovis endocarditis.A associação de isquemia cerebral e endocardite por Streptococcus bovis é um evento raro, tendo sido publicados apenas 2 casos anteriormente. Nós relatamos o caso de um homem de 50 anos com endocardite por S. bovis que apresentou sinais isquêmicos nos lobos frontal, parietal e occipital. Este é o primeiro caso em que a hemianopsia precedeu o diagnóstico de endocardite. Inicialmente, o quadro foi confundido com vasculite. Posteriormente, foi confirmada a presença de vegetações na válvula aórtica e a hemocultura identificou S. bovis. Os eventos tromboembólicos foram controlados com o uso de antibióticos e a troca da válvula aórtica. Estudo videocolonoscópico não identificou nenhuma lesão, apesar de lesões colônicas serem descritas em até 70% dos casos de indivíduos com endocardite por S. bovis.

  1. Intervenção fonoaudiológica e fisioterapêutica em uma mulher após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico = Speech therapy and physiotherapy intervention in a woman after ischemic stroke

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    Rosa, Tábada Samantha Marques

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Relatar um caso em que houve intervenção conjunta entre fonoaudiólogo e fisioterapeuta na reabilitação de uma paciente com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Descrição do caso: Paciente de 48 anos de idade, sexo feminino, acometida por acidente vascular cerebral do tipo isquêmico, há sete meses. Apresentou-se com disartrofonia e alterações do sistema estomatognático e sua funcionalidade, comprometimento sensorial, parestesia da mão direita, diminuição da coordenação motora grossa e fina em ambos os membros superiores, dificuldade na preensão palmar e fraqueza da musculatura intrínseca da mão direita, diminuição da consciência corporal e da propriocepção. Foi submetida a 12 sessões com a periodicidade de uma vez por semana de tratamento fonoterápico e fisioterapêutico. Após as intervenções a paciente apresentou aumento dos tempos máximos de fonação; melhora da coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória, da qualidade vocal e do foco de ressonância vertical; adequação e modulação da loudness; modulação do pitch; melhora da coordenação motora grossa e fina, da sensibilidade tátil e dolorosa, da oposição dos dedos, da preensão palmar, da consciência corporal, da propriocepção e da postura corporal global; e aumento da força muscular dos membros superiores. Conclusões: A intervenção interdisciplinar da fonoaudiologia e fisioterapia proporcionou benefícios à paciente acometida por acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico, sendo que a mesma voltou a exercer sua atividade profissional e suas atividades de vida diária com efetividade e melhorou a comunicação com seus familiares

  2. Classification of cerebral palsy: association between gender, age, motor type, topography and Gross Motor Function Classificação da paralisia cerebral: associação entre gênero, idade, tipo motor, topografia e Função Motora Grossa

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    Luzia Iara Pfeifer

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The goal of this study was to assess the relation between gender, age, motor type, topography and gross motor function, based on the Gross Motor Function System of children with cerebral palsy. Trunk control, postural changes and gait of one hundred children between 5 months and 12 years old, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between gender and age groups (p=0.887 or between gender and motor type (p=0.731. In relation to body topography most children (88% were spastic quadriplegic. Most hemiplegics children were rated in motor level I, children with diplegia were rated in motor level III, and quadriplegic children were rated in motor level V. Functional classification is necessary to understand the differences in cerebral palsy and to have the best therapeutic planning since it is a complex disease which depends on several factors.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre gênero, idade, tipo motor, topografia e Função Motora Grossa, baseado no Sistema de Função Motora Grossa em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Participaram desta pesquisa 100 crianças com idade entre 5 meses a 12 anos que foram observadas em relação ao controle de tronco, trocas posturais e marcha. Não houve diferenças significativas entre gêneros e grupos etários (p=0,887 e entre gênero e tipo motor (p=0,731. Em relação à topografia corporal, houve predomínio de crianças com quadriplegia, sendo que a maioria (88% era do tipo espástico. Quanto ao nível motor, as crianças hemiplégicas pertenciam em sua maioria ao nível I, as diplégicas ao nível III e as quadriplégicas ao nível V. Sendo a paralisia cerebral uma condição complexa que depende de diversos fatores, beneficia-se de classificações funcionais para compreensão da diversidade e melhor planejamento terapêutico.

  3. Motricidade reflexa na morte cerebral The reflex activity in the brain death

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    Wilson L. Sanvito

    1972-03-01

    Full Text Available O diagnóstico de morte cerebral está baseado em critérios clínicos, eletrencefalográficos e angiográficos. Do ponto de vista clínico deve ser evidenciado o seguinte quadro: coma profundo, midríase paralítica bilateral, ausência de reação a qualquer estímulo externo, apnéia, arreflexia superficial e profunda. Do ponto de vista eletrencefalográfico são necessários dois registros, separados por um intervalo de 24 horas, evidenciando traçados iselétricos. No presente trabalho são estudados 15 pacientes com morte cerebral comprovada do ponto de vista clínico e eletrencefalográfico. Em 8 pacientes havia persistência de atividade reflexa durante a fase de morte cerebral (reflexos profundos e/ou superficiais. Fenômenos de automatismos medulares também foram verificados em 3 pacientes.The diagnosis of brain death is based in clinical, electroencephalographic and angiographic data. The criteria for diagnosis of brain death are: deep coma with unreceptivity and unresponsiveness, no movements or breathing (the patient's respiration must be maintained artificially, bilateral dilated and fixed pupils, absence of corneal reflexes, no response to caloric test, absence of deep tendon reflexes and of the superficial abdominal and plantar reflexes, isoelectric EEG maintained for twenty-four hours. The purpose of this study was to observe the natural clinical courses of 15 patients with brain death, specially the data concerning the deep and superficial reflexes. From 15 patients fulfilling the criteria of brain death, 8 maintained spinal reflexes up to the time of cardiac arrest; in five of these patients the superficial abdominal reflexes were present and the reflexes of spinal automatism could be elicited. These results show that the absence of deep and superficial reflexes can't be considered as essencial for the diagnosis of brain death.

  4. Bem-estar subjetivo e senso de ajustamento psicológico em idosos que sofreram acidente vascular cerebral: uma revisão Subjective well being and perceived psychological adjustment among old people affected by stroke: a review

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    Dóris Firmino Rabelo

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi feito um levantamento dos estudos brasileiros e estrangeiros publicados entre 1996 e 2005 que relacionavam bem-estar subjetivo, senso de ajustamento psicológico e acidente vascular cerebral, com o objetivo de identificar variáveis mediadoras dessa relação em idosos. Estudos transversais e prospectivos indicaram que os afetados por acidente vascular cerebral apresentam menor bem-estar subjetivo quando comparados com a população geral. Boa capacidade cognitiva, suporte social efetivo, continuidade de uma ocupação produtiva, manutenção da competência em atividades instrumentais de vida diária e humor positivo são fatores que podem melhorar o bem-estar subjetivo e psicológico. Variáveis que podem piorar o bem-estar subjetivo e psicológico são incapacidade funcional, déficits cognitivos, depressão, dificuldade em restabelecer a identidade e restrição à possibilidade de desempenhar atividades e papéis que contribuem para a auto-definição. O conhecimento das implicações psicológicas de sofrer acidente vascular cerebral pode beneficiar pacientes, familiares e profissionais no gerenciamento do evento.We gathered data from Brazilian and foreign studies published between 1996 and 2005 which related subjective well-being, sense of psychological adjustment and stroke. The objective was identifying mediator variables of this relation among old people. Prospective and cross-sectional studies indicated that those affected by stroke showed less subjective well-being than the general population. Good cognitive capacity, effective social support, continuity of a productive occupation, keeping the competence in instrumental activities of daily living and good mood are factors which can affect positively the subjective and psychological well-being. Variables which can affect negatively the subjective and psychological well-being are functional incapacity, cognitive deficits, depression, difficulty in re-establishing the identity and

  5. Emprego da nimodipina (oxigen como protetor cerebral na cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea em pacientes idosos Use of nimodipine for cerebral injury prophylaxis in surgical myocardial revascularization with extracorporeal circulation in elderly patients

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    Ricardo Manrique

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Aproximadamente 5% dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca com auxílio da circulação extracorpórea apresentaram problemas neurológicos. Avaliando funções neuropsíquicas, as alterações atingem de 50% a 70% dos casos. Os idosos são mais vulneráveis; nestes, a freqüência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC aproxima-se dos 9%. Considerando que a população envelhece a um ritmo acelerado e que 0 coronariopata freqüentemente passa dos 65 anos de idade, é fundamental pesquisar meios profiláticos para diminuir esta incidência. Este é um estudo piloto, duplo cego, randomizado e controlado com 64 pacientes, 30 no Grupo nimodipina e 34 no Grupo placebo. As variáveis demográficas e diagnosticas pré-operatórias foram homogêneas, com exceção da incidência de isquemia cerebral transitória. O Grupo nimodipina, mesmo com programação cirúrgica e evolução intra e pós-operatória mais complicadas, apresentou menor número de casos neurológicos. No Grupo nimodipina foram constatados 3 casos de confusão mental e, no Grupo placebo, além de 3 casos de confusão mental, foram diagnosticados mais 2 casos de sonolência e 1 AVC isquêmico com seqüela. No total, foram 3 (10% casos em 30 pacientes no Grupo nimodipina, e 6 (17,64% em 34 pacientes no Grupo placebo, caracterizando uma redução de 76,4%. LEGAULT et al. (15 relatam uma elevada mortalidade de pacientes em uso de nimodipina, quando operados para troca valvar, causada, principalmente, por hemorragia. Nós não encontramos esta correlação. A mortalidade hospitalar é similar em ambos os grupos (1 paciente em cada e o sangramento não é estatisticamente diferente (1 caso de hemorragia importante no Grupo nimodipina. No seguimento até 41 meses, a mortalidade no Grupo placebo foi maior (4 pacientes que no Grupo nimodipina (1 paciente.Around 5 percent of the patients submitted to heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation present neurological problems. In relation to

  6. Cerebral atrophic and degenerative changes following various cerebral diseases, (1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kino, Masao; Anno, Izumi; Yano, Yuhiko; Anno, Yasuro.

    1980-01-01

    Patients having cerebral atrophic and degenerative changes following hypoglycemia, cerebral contusion, or cerebral hypoxia including cerebrovascular disorders were reported. Description was made as to cerebral changes visualized on CT images and clinical courses of a patient who revived 10 minutes after heart stoppage during neurosurgery, a newborn with asphyxia, a patient with hypoglycemia, a patient who suffered from asphyxia by an accident 10 years before, a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning at an acute stage, a patient who had carbon monoxide poisoning 10 years before, a patient with diffuse cerebral ischemic changes, a patient with cerebral edema around metastatic tumor, a patient with respiration brain, a patient with neurological sequelae after cerebral contusion, a patient who had an operation to excise right parietal lobe artery malformation, and a patient who was shooted by a machine gun and had a lead in the brain for 34 years. (Tsunoda, M.)

  7. Tríplice artrodese na paralisia cerebral Triple arthrodesis in cerebral palsy

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    Kotoe Umeda

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o resultados clínicos díplice artrodese em portadores de paralisia cerebral espástica, verificar a correspondência entre os resultados e a escala AOFAS e os ângulos nos períodos pré e pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Entre 1985 e 2005, foram avaliados 34 pacientes (40 pés submetidos a tríplice artrodese do pé, com acompanhamento médio de 91 meses, quanto a satisfação e dor, apoio plantígrado, deformidade residual e o arco de movimento do tornozelo e escala AOFAS. Foram avaliadas artrose de tornozelo, pseudoartrose das articulações e medidos os ângulos: talocalcâneo, talo-primeiro metatarsiano (APM e tíbio-talar, e talocalcâneos (ATC e o calcâneo-solo (ACS. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos bons resultados em 32,4% dos casos e regulares em 44,1%. 85,3% dos pacientes estavam satisfeitos; 88,2% tinham apoio plantígrado. Houve 33,3% de resultados bons pela escala AOFAS e 24,2% regulares. Na radiografia com incidência ântero-posterior, o APM apresentou melhora em média de 15º; no ACS, na incidência em perfil, melhora de 7º. No ATC, nas duas incidências, houve melhora de 1º. CONCLUSÕES: A triplice artrodese corrige ou melhora as deformidades, com grau de satisfação elevada, dando ao paciente pés plantígrados. A escala AOFAS teve fraca concordância com o resultado. Os APM e ACS foram os mais sensíveis na avaliação do procedimento cirúrgico.OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the clinical results of triple arthrodesis in Cerebral Palsy patients and determine whether there is any correspondence between the results and the AOFAS scale, and changes in radiographic angles between the pre- and postoperative periods. METHODS: Between 1985 and 2005, thirty-four patients (40 feet were submitted to triple arthrodesis of the foot, with an average follow-up time of ninety-one months. The evaluation consisted of the patient's satisfaction and the presence of pain, plantigrade support, residual deformity, range of movement of the

  8. Avaliação de um programa de aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A em crianças do Vale do Jequitinhonha com paralisia cerebral

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    Grazielle Fernandes da Silva

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um programa público de aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA na espasticidade muscular, amplitude de movimento, qualidade da marcha, independência funcional e qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC. Foi realizado um estudo quase experimental que avaliou os efeitos do emprego da TBA, aplicada três vezes, com intervalos de três meses, em 14 crianças com PC. Estas foram avaliadas através da Escala Modificada de Ashworth, Goniometria Manual, Physician Rating Scale, Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI e Questionário do Cuidador da Criança (QCC. Foi observada redução da espasticidade, aumento da amplitude de movimento, melhora das habilidades funcionais de autocuidado e mobilidade do PEDI e das áreas de cuidado pessoal, conforto e interação/comunicação do QCC. O programa de aplicação de TBA em crianças e adolescentes com PC, realizado em um núcleo de reabilitação público do Vale do Jequitinhonha, foi efetivo para a população beneficiada.

  9. Análise das barreiras à utilização de trombolíticos em casos de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico em um hospital privado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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    Luiz Henrique de Oliveira Fonseca

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi é uma importante causa de sequela e morte. A correta utilização do trombolítico enfrenta várias barreiras. O objetivo foi discutir as barreiras à terapia trombolítica em pacientes que chegam, com sintomas de AVCi agudo, à emergência de um hospital privado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes entre 2009 e 2011. Foram admitidos 257 pacientes com suspeita de AVCi. Dos pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado (156, 11,5% (18 foram trombolisados. Dos 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de AVCi, dentro da janela terapêutica e com NIHSS na faixa para trombólise, 20 não foram trombolisados, 9 por barreiras administrativas (45%. Neste trabalho o percentual de trombólise foi superior ao observado nos Estados Unidos, mas barreiras impediram o tratamento de 45% dos pacientes com indicação à trombólise. Imagina-se que na rede pública brasileira a situação seja ainda mais desfavorável.

  10. Desenvolvimento cerebral em recém-nascidos prematuros Cerebral development in preterm newborn infants

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    Andrea Peterson Zomignani

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO:Rever a literatura atual que aborda o crescimento e o desenvolvimento cerebral de crianças prematuras e as alterações cognitivas e motoras que podem decorrer da prematuridade. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline e Lilacs, selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2007 e livros-texto com conteúdo relevante. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A evolução do recém-nascido pré-termo diferencia-se da evolução apresentada pela população a termo. Estudos têm demonstrado que ex-prematuros apresentam alterações anatômicas cerebrais que se associam a prejuízos cognitivos. Várias regiões do sistema nervoso central (substância cinzenta, substância branca, corpo caloso, núcleo caudado, hipocampo e cerebelo têm seus volumes avaliados por neuroimagem e, apesar de resultados controversos, parecem ter desenvolvimento alterado nessa população. Diante disso, espera-se haver repercussão funcional e/ou cognitiva em crianças, adolescentes e adultos nascidos prematuramente. Ex-prematuros avaliados na infância tardia e na adolescência demonstram alterações de quociente de inteligência, memória, capacidade para cálculos e função cognitiva global. Déficits motores, na capacidade de planejamento e de associação, na coordenação motora e na atenção também foram relatados na literatura. CONCLUSÕES: A prematuridade pode levar a alterações anatômicas e estruturais do cérebro devido à interrupção das etapas de desenvolvimento pré-natal. Tais alterações podem causar déficits funcionais, tornando os ex-prematuros sujeitos a problemas cognitivos e motores, assim como suas repercussões nas atividades de vida diária, mesmo na adolescência e idade adulta.OBJECTIVE:To review the current literature about brain growth and development of premature children, as well as the motor and cognitive changes that may result from prematurity. DATA SOURCES: Medline and Lilacs were searched between 2000 and

  11. Paralisia cerebral e síndrome de Down: nível de conhecimento e informação dos pais Cerebral palsy and Down syndrome: level of parental knowledge and information

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    Maysa Ferreira Martins Ribeiro

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou identificar e analisar pesquisas relacionadas ao conhecimento e às informações recebidas pelos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral ou síndrome de Down. Tratase de revisão bibliográfica com limitação temporal de 1993 a 2008. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados informatizadas para a coleta das informações, tendo como palavras-chave os termos paralisia cerebral, síndrome de Down, conhecimento e família. Foram encontrados 57 estudos e selecionados 16; dentre estes, sete relacionados à paralisia cerebral, quatro referentes à síndrome de Down e cinco sobre deficiências diversas. Os pais recebem poucas informações dos profissionais e apresentam muitas dúvidas em relação à paralisia cerebral e à síndrome de Down, o que dificulta a adesão deles ao tratamento dos filhos, interfere nas práticas educacionais e nas tomadas de decisão. Existe carência de ações educacionais no sentido de mudar essa realidade. Somente uma pesquisa teve como proposta implementar estratégias de educação que buscassem ampliar o conhecimento da família a respeito de aspectos relacionados à síndrome de Down. Concluiu-se que há urgência em pesquisar e elaborar ações que contribuam para que os pais sejam mais bem informados e se tornem seguros no cuidado dos filhos.The study sought to identify and analyze research related to knowledge and information received by parents of children with cerebral palsy or Down syndrome about these disabilities. It involves a bibliographical revision limited to the period from 1996 through 2008. Computerized data bases were used to collect information, using the following terms as key words: cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, knowledge and family. Fifty-seven studies were located from which 16 were selected; of these, seven were related to cerebral palsy, four to Down syndrome and five were related to sundry deficiencies. The parents receive little information from the healthcare staff and clearly

  12. Estudo de prevalência de depressão e síndrome cerebral orgânica na população de idosos, Brasil Prevalence of depression and organic cerebral syndrome in the elderly population (Brazil

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    Renato P. Veras

    1991-06-01

    Full Text Available São apresentados dados de um estudo de prevalência de síndrome cerebral orgânica e depressão em uma população de idosos em três distritos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, assim como discutem aspectos metodológicos relacionados com a confiabilidade interavaliadores e teste-reteste e estabelecimento do ponto de corte do instrumento utilizado (BOAS. As taxas de prevalência de síndrome cerebral orgânica variaram de 5,9%, 9,8% e 29,8% entre os distritos estudados, enquanto as taxas de Depressão variaram de 20,9%, 23,0% e 36,8%. Foram ainda calculadas as taxas de prevalência corrigidas pelos dados de sensibilidade e especificidade para ambos os diagnósticos. São discutidos os fatores associados com tais diferenças, tomando como referência a literatura nacional e internacional.Data from a prevalence study of Organic Cerebral Syndrome and Depression in an elderly population living in three boroughs of Rio de Janeiro city are presented. The methodological issues related to interrater and test-retest reliability are discussed and the cut-off point for the instrument adapted (BOAS established. The prevalence rates in the three boroughs were found, respectively, to be: 5.9%, 9.8% and 29.8% for Organic Cerebral Syndrome and 20.9%, 23.0% and 36.8% for Depression. The prevalence rats have been adjusted using information on sensitivity and specificity for both diagnoses. Aspects of these differences are discussed in the light of national and international literature.

  13. Treino de vibração de corpo inteiro na função motora em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral : Whole body vibration training in motor function in patients affected with stroke

    OpenAIRE

    Adriana Teresa Silva

    2015-01-01

    Resumo: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é um problema de saúde pública relevante em virtude de sua alta frequência e de grande impacto na população. Os sobreviventes apresentam sequelas que implicam algum grau de dependência e um elevado custo social. Minimizar as sequelas e aumentar a recuperação funcional tem sido um ponto importante para os profissionais da reabilitação. O objetivo do artigo 1 foi verificar os efeitos do treino de vibração de corpo inteiro nos pacientes acometidos por A...

  14. United Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... your local affiliate Find your local affiliate United Cerebral Palsy United Cerebral Palsy (UCP) is a trusted resource for individuals with Cerebral Palsy and other disabilities and their networks. Individuals with ...

  15. Malaria cerebral Cerebral malaria

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    Carlos Hugo Zapata Zapata

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available La malaria Cerebral (MC es la complicación más frecuente de la malaria por P. falciparum; aproximadamente el 90% de las personas que la han padecido se recuperan completamente sin secuelas neurológicas. Aún no se conoce con claridad su patogénesis pero se han postulado cuatro hipótesis o mecanismos posibles: 1 citoadherencia y secuestro de glóbulos rojos parasitados en la microvasculatura cerebral; 2 formación de rosetas y aglutinación de glóbulos rojos parasitados; 3 producción de citoquinas y activación de segundos mensajeros y, 4 apertura de la barrera hematoencefálica. Sin embargo, queda un interrogante sin resolver aún: ¿qué proceso se lleva a cabo para que el parásito, desde el espacio microvascular, pueda interferir transitoriamente con la función cerebral? Recientemente se ha utilizado el precursor de la proteína b-Amiloide como un marcador de daño neuronal en MC; este precursor será de gran ayuda en futuras investigaciones realizadas en nuestro medio que aporten información para comprender la patogénesis de la MC. Is the most common complication of P. falciparum malaria; nearly 90% of people who have suffered CM can recover without neurological problems. Currently there are four hypotheses that explain pathogenesis of CM: cytoadherence and sequestering of parasitized red blood cells to cerebral capillaries; rosette formation and parasitized red blood cells agglutination; production of cytokines and activation of second messengers and opening of the blood-brain barrier. However the main question remains to be answered; how the host-parasite interaction in the vascular space interferes transiently with cerebral function? Recently, the beta amyloid precursor peptide has been employed as marker of neural injury in CM. It is expected that the beta amyloid precursor peptide will help to understand the pathogenesis of CM in complicated patients of endemic areas of Colombia.

  16. Análise comparativa dos padrões de deglutição de crianças com paralisia cerebral e crianças normais Comparative analysis of swallowing patterns between children with cerebral palsy and normal children

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    Sandra R. Aurélio

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: o propósito desse estudo foi comparar os padrões de deglutição em crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC e crianças sem distúrbios neurológicos, relacionando a disfunção motora oral, a quadriplegia e a consistência dos alimentos com o tempo de deglutição. Material e método: Setenta e seis crianças participaram desse estudo, com idades variando de 1 a 5 anos, sendo 57 com paralisia cerebral e 19 sem distúrbios neurológicos. Três consistências de alimentos foram examinadas: líquida (suco, pastosa (iogurte e sólida (bolacha, sendo cronometrado o tempo gasto para deglutir cada uma delas, durante o horário normal de lanche das mesmas. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que: 1 o grupo com PC levou até 14,2 vezes mais tempo para deglutir os alimentos que o outro grupo; 2 quanto maior era a disfunção motora oral das crianças, maior era o tempo gasto para deglutir os alimentos e, 3 das três consistências pesquisadas, o alimento pastoso foi aquele, em que os tempos de deglutição obtidos de cada grupo estiveram mais próximos.Aim: the purpose of this study is to compare deglutition patterns in children with cerebral palsy and children without neurological problems and to investigate the influence of oral motor dysfunction, quadriplegia and food texture, in the time spent for swallowing. Material and method: Seventy-six children aged 1-5 years participated in the study (57 with cerebral palsy and 19 without neurological problems. Three food textures were examined during children’s snack time: liquid (juice, paste (yogurt and solid (cracker. Result: The result demonstrates, for the cerebral palsy group, their feeding took up to 15 times longer than normal. The more severe the degree of oral motor dysfunction, the longer was the time spent for swallowing. From the textures studied, paste was the one in which children with cerebral palsy were closer in time to the group without neurological problems. It suggests that

  17. Cerebral Palsy (For Teens)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Cerebral Palsy KidsHealth / For Teens / Cerebral Palsy What's in this ... do just what everyone else does. What Is Cerebral Palsy? Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of the ...

  18. Dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal e outros parâmetros de vitalidade fetal na sobrevida neonatal em gestações com insuficiência placentária

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    Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar a dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal em gestações complicadas pela insuficiência placentária e verificar o seu papel no prognóstico de sobrevida neonatal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo de 93 gestantes com diagnóstico de insuficiência placentária estabelecida antes da 34ª semana. A insuficiência placentária foi caracterizada pelo Doppler de artéria umbilical (AU alterado (> p95. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de pulsatilidade (IP da artéria umbilical (AU, IP da artéria cerebral média (ACM, relação cerebroplacentária -RCP(IP-ACM/IP-AU, pico de velocidade sistólicada ACM (PVS-ACM e IP para veias (IPV do ducto venoso (DV. Os parâmetros foram analisados pelos valores absolutos, em escores zeta (desvios padrão a partir da média ou múltiplos da mediana (MoM. O desfecho investigado foi o óbito neonatal no período de internação após o nascimento. RESULTADOS: Nas 93 gestações analisadas, ocorreram 25 (26,9% óbitos neonatais. No grupo que evoluiu com óbito neonatal, quando comparado com o grupo com sobrevida, houve associação significativa com o diagnóstico de diástole zero ou reversa (88% vs. 23,6%, p < 0,001, com maior mediana do IP da AU (2,9 vs. 1,7, p < 0,001 e seu escore zeta (10,4 vs. 4,9, p < 0,001; maior valor do PVS-ACM MoM (1,4 vs. 1,1, p = 0,012; menor valor da RCP (0,4 vs. 0,7, p < 0,001; maior valor do IPV-DV (1,2 vs. 0,8, p < 0,001 e no escore zeta do DV (3,6 vs.0,6, p<0,001. Na regressão logística, as variáveis independentes para a prediçãodoóbito neonatal foram a idade gestacional no parto (OR = 0,45; IC95% 0,3 a 0,7, p < 0,001 e o escore zeta do IP-AU (OR 1,14, IC95% 1,0 a 1,3, p = 0,046. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da associação verificada pela análise univariada entre a morte neonatal e os parâmetros da dopplervelocimetria cerebral fetal, a análise multivariada identificou a prematuridadeeograude insuficiência da circula

  19. Presence of D4 dopamine receptors in human prefrontal cortex: a postmortem study Presença de receptores dopaminérgicos D4 em córtex cerebral humano: um estudo post-mortem

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    Donatella Marazziti

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to explore the presence and the distribution of D4 dopamine receptors in postmortem human prefrontal cortex, by means of the binding of [³H]YM-09151-2, an antagonist that has equal affinity for D2, D3 and D4 receptors. It was therefore necessary to devise a unique assay method in order to distinguish and detect the D4 component. METHOD: Frontal cortex samples were harvested postmortem, during autopsy sessions, from 5 subjects. In the first assay, tissue homogenates were incubated with increasing concentrations of [³H]YM-09151-2, whereas L-745870, which has a high affinity for D4 and a low affinity for D2/D3 receptors, was used as the displacer. In the second assay, raclopride, which has a high affinity for D2/D3 receptors and a low affinity for D4 receptors, was used to block D2/D3. The L-745870 (500 nM was added to both assays in order to determine the nonspecific binding. RESULTS: Our experiments revealed the presence of specific and saturable binding of [³H]YM-09151-2. The blockade of D2 and D3 receptors with raclopride ensured that the D4 receptors were labeled. The mean maximum binding capacity was 88 ± 25 fmol/mg protein, and the dissociation constant was 0.8 ± 0.4 nM. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, although not conclusive, suggest that the density of D4 receptors is low in the human prefrontal cortex.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a presença e a distribuição de receptores dopaminérgicos do tipo 4 (D4 no córtex cerebral humano em amostras post-mortem através do bloqueio com ³H-YM-09151-2 - um antagonista com afinidade equivalente pelos receptores D2, D3 e D4 - e do desenvolvimento de um método para a detecção específica do componente D4. MÉTODO: Foram obtidas amostras de córtex cerebral de cinco cadáveres. Em um primeiro ensaio, os homogeneizados de tecido cerebral foram incubados em concentrações crescentes de ³H-YM-09151-2, enquanto que o L-745

  20. Efeitos in vitro do ácido pipecólico sobre parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e a possível prevenção pelo ácido lipoico em córtex cerebral de ratos

    OpenAIRE

    Giovana Reche Dalazen

    2014-01-01

    Os níveis de ácido pipecólico (AP) estão elevados em desordens metabólicas severas do sistema nervoso central como na Síndrome de Zellweger, Doença de Refsum Infantil, Adrenoleucodistrofia neonatal e Hiperlisinemia. Os indivíduos afetados apresentam disfunção neurológica progressiva, hipotonia e retardo no crescimento. Os mecanismos de dano cerebral nestas desordens ainda permanecem pouco compreendidos. Uma vez que o catabolismo do AP pode produzir H2O2 através de oxidases, o estresse oxidati...

  1. Quantitation of PET data with the EM reconstruction technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rosenqvist, G.; Dahlbom, M.; Erikson, L.; Bohm, C.; Blomqvist, G.

    1989-01-01

    The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm offers high spatial resolution and excellent noise reduction with low statistics PET data, since it incorporates the Poisson nature of the data. The main difficulties are long computation times, difficulties to find appropriate criteria to terminate the reconstruction and to quantify the resulting image data. In the present work a modified EM algorithm has been implements on a VAX 11/780. Its capability to quantify image data has been tested in phantom studies and in two clinical cases, cerebral blood flow studies and dopamine D2-receptor studies. Data from phantom studies indicate the superiority of images reconstructed with the EM technique compared to images reconstructed with the conventional filtered back-projection (FB) technique in areas with low statistics. At higher statistics the noise characteristics of the two techniques coincide. Clinical data support these findings

  2. Unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hayakawa, Katsumi [Department of Radiology, Kyoto City Hospital, 1-2 Higashi-Takada-cho, Mibu, Nakagyo-ku, 604-8845 Kyoto (Japan); Kanda, Toyoko; Yamori, Yuriko [Department of Pediatric Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital for Handicapped Children, 603-8323 Kyoto (Japan)

    2002-10-01

    We evaluated six children in whom MR imaging showed unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral atrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy. The aim of this study was to clarify whether this disorder based on neuroimaging constitutes a new homogeneous clinical entity. The subjects were six children whose ages at the time of MR imaging ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Their clinical and MR features were analyzed. All of the children were born between 38 and 42 weeks gestation, without any significant perinatal events. Spastic hemiplegia and epilepsy were observed in all of the patients, and mental retardation was observed in four. The MR findings included unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy in all patients. The ipsilateral sylvian fissure was hypoplastic in four patients. These patients showed relatively homogeneous clinical and neuroimaging features. Although the additional clinical features varied according to the site and the extent affected by the polymicrogyria, this disorder could constitute a new relatively homogeneous clinical entity. (orig.)

  3. Unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayakawa, Katsumi; Kanda, Toyoko; Yamori, Yuriko

    2002-01-01

    We evaluated six children in whom MR imaging showed unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral atrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy. The aim of this study was to clarify whether this disorder based on neuroimaging constitutes a new homogeneous clinical entity. The subjects were six children whose ages at the time of MR imaging ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Their clinical and MR features were analyzed. All of the children were born between 38 and 42 weeks gestation, without any significant perinatal events. Spastic hemiplegia and epilepsy were observed in all of the patients, and mental retardation was observed in four. The MR findings included unilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy and ipsilateral brain stem atrophy in all patients. The ipsilateral sylvian fissure was hypoplastic in four patients. These patients showed relatively homogeneous clinical and neuroimaging features. Although the additional clinical features varied according to the site and the extent affected by the polymicrogyria, this disorder could constitute a new relatively homogeneous clinical entity. (orig.)

  4. Os benefícios da hipoterapia nos ajustes posturais em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral

    OpenAIRE

    Daniela Carrogi Vianna; Maria Elisabete Salina Saldanha; Leide Masieiro Taques Moeckel Amaral

    2017-01-01

    Paralisia Cerebral é uma afecção encefálica que ocorre na fase maturacional, apresentando seqüelas variáveis, envolvendo desordens de postura e movimentos. Examinaram-se alterações posturais de pacientes portadores de Paralisia Cerebral durante e após a realização de Hipoterapia, observando ajustes posturais. Participaram oito crianças, entre 6 e 12 anos, com tetraparesia espástica, apresentando déficics das reações básicas de endireitamento, proteção e equilíbrio. Utilizou-se a Hipoterapia c...

  5. Efeito sobre a morfologia do esmalte dental e análise físico-química de medicamentos utilizados por pacientes pediátricos com paralisia cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Feitosa ALVES

    Full Text Available Resumo Introdução Muitos medicamentos pediátricos líquidos são considerados fatores de risco para a estrutura dentária. Esse potencial pode aumentar quando ingeridos de forma crônica, como é o caso do tratamento de algumas condições, tal como a paralisia cerebral. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito sobre a morfologia do esmalte dental e as propriedades físico-químicas de medicamentos de uso contínuo indicados a pacientes infantis com Paralisia Cerebral. Material e método A amostra foi constituída por quatro medicamentos: Fenobarbital (M1, Carbamazepina (M2, Oxcarbazepina (M3 e Domperidona (M4, todos em suspensão oral. Analisaram-se o pH, o teor de Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST e a viscosidade dos medicamentos. Todos os testes foram realizados em duplicata. Para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV, 15 blocos de esmalte bovino foram distribuídos aleatoriamente e imersos em oxcarbamazepina (n=5, carbamazepina (n=5 e saliva artificial (n=5. Os ciclos de imersão foram feitos por seis dias, durante cinco minutos, duas vezes ao dia, com intervalos de 12 horas, quando ficavam mantidos em saliva artificial. O grupo controle permaneceu em saliva artificial. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente. Resultado Em relação ao pH endógeno, os valores variaram de 2,82 (M3 a 9,60(M1. Para o SST, as médias de maior e menor valor foram, respectivamente, de 20,5% (M3 e 46% (M1. A viscosidade variou de 6,89 mm2/s (M1 a 58 mm2/s (M3. Em MEV, observaram-se alterações sugestivas de perda de estrutura no esmalte dental em oxcarbamazepina e carbamazepina, proveniente da ação dos medicamentos analisados. Conclusão Concluiu-se que os medicamentos líquidos pediátricos analisados, indicados a pacientes com paralisia cerebral, apresentam potencial cariogênico e erosivo, destacando-se a Oxcarbazepina.

  6. Cerebral palsy and congenital malformations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Garne, Ester; Dolk, Helen; Krägeloh-Mann, Inge

    2007-01-01

    AIM: To determine the proportion of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have cerebral and non-cerebral congenital malformations. METHODS: Data from 11 CP registries contributing to the European Cerebral Palsy Database (SCPE), for children born in the period 1976-1996. The malformations were...... classified as recognized syndromes, chromosomal anomalies, cerebral malformations or non-cerebral malformations. Prevalence of malformations was compared to published data on livebirths from a European database of congenital malformations (EUROCAT). RESULTS: Overall 547 out of 4584 children (11.9%) with CP...... were reported to have a congenital malformation. The majority (8.6% of all children) were diagnosed with a cerebral malformation. The most frequent types of cerebral malformations were microcephaly and hydrocephaly. Non-cerebral malformations were present in 97 CP children and in further 14 CP children...

  7. Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and to maintain balance ... do not get worse over time. People with cerebral palsy may have difficulty walking. They may also have ...

  8. Used portable device for evaluation of the hipertonia of the joint of the ankle in individuals with cerebral paralysis.

    OpenAIRE

    Fonseca, Letícia Alves

    2011-01-01

    O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade de um dispositivo portátil na mensuração da hipertonia da articulação do tornozelo em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral do tipo espástica. Foram triados inicialmente 42 indivíduos da clínica escola da UNINOVE. Após avaliação em conformidade com critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foi selecionada uma amostra de 28 indivíduos, sendo que para o primeiro estudo foram incluídos 14 indivíduos (8,5 ± 0,7 anos) classificados segundo o GMFCS em nív...

  9. Aneurisma de artéria cerebral em criança com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: relato de caso Cerebral arterial aneurysm in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arnolfo de Carvalho Neto

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available A dilatação aneurismática dos vasos do polígono de Willis é manifestação incomum da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV, tendo sido relatados, até o momento, 15 casos na literatura. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar um novo caso dessa apresentação rara, além de revisar aspectos importantes relacionados à mesma. Um paciente, do sexo masculino, 6 anos de idade, com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS de transmissão perinatal e tetraparesia, desenvolveu sintomas caracterizados por episódios de crises distônicas. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio, que inicialmente era normal, mostrou dilatação aneurismática dos vasos do polígono de Willis. A revisão de literatura demonstra que os principais achados patológicos em casos similares, são, principalmente, fibrose de camada média com destruição da lâmina interna e hiperplasia da íntima. A etiologia da vasculite não é conhecida, acreditando-se que o vírus da varicela-zoster e o próprio HIV possam estar relacionados à mesma. Conclui-se que, apesar de incomum, tal complicação apresenta grande importância pelo fato dos aneurismas colocarem esses pacientes em grupo de alto risco para acidentes vasculares. A sobrevida relatada na literatura é de menos de 6 meses após o diagnóstico da arteriopatia aneurismática cerebral.Cerebral aneurysmal arteriopathy of the circle of Willis is an uncommon manifestation of acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection and up to now only 15 cases have been published in the literature. For this reason we add our experience of this rare case, and review the most important aspects related to this entity. The patient is a 6 year old male with perinatal transmitted AIDS, tetraparethic, developed symptoms characterized by episodes of dystonic postures. The computed tomography of the brain showed aneurismal arteriopathy of the circle of Willis. He had a previous normal examination. The review

  10. Coração de atleta em desportistas deficientes de elite Athlete's heart in elite disabled athletes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Japy Angelini Oliveira Fº

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de sinais de "coração de atleta" em desportistas deficientes para-olímpicos. MÉTODOS: Avaliação clínica, eletrocardiográfica, ecocardiográfica, vetorcardiográfica, ergométrica em 75 atletas, 27,8±6,7 anos, 56 homens, várias modalidades; com deficiência física (47, visual (12 e paralisia cerebral (16. RESULTADOS: Sinais de coração de atleta ocorreram em 33% dos exames clínicos (sopros e estalidos, em 55% dos eletrocardiogramas (bradicardia, bloqueio incompleto de ramo direito, sobrecargas, alterações de onda T, em 15% dos vetorcardiograma (sobrecargas, em 5% dos ecocardiogramas (dimensões cavitárias acima do habitual. Os sinais ocorreram em 51% dos atletas, sendo que em 46% dos casos havia 2 ou mais sinais e, em 12%, 4 ou mais sinais. O TE foi normal em 77% dos atletas; não houve ST isquêmico. Em 23% dos casos houve bloqueio divisional direito. CONCLUSÃO: Foram encontrados dois ou mais sinais de coração de atleta em 46% dos atletas deficientes para-olímpicos.PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of the athlete's, heart syndrome in elite disabled Brazilians athletes. METHODS: Seventy-five athletes, age 27.8±6.7 years, 56 men, with various disabilities (47 physical, 12 visual and 16 cerebral paralysis underwent clinical, electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic, ergometric and echocardiographic evaluations. RESULTS: Athlete's heart signs occurred in 33% of the clinical evaluations, in 55% of the electrocardiograms, in 15% of the vectorcardiograms, and in 5% of the echocardiograms. At least one of these signs was presented in 51% of the athletes. There were 2 or more abnormalities in 46% of the athletes and 4 or more signs in 12%. Exercise test was considered not ischemic in 77% of the subjects. There was right bundle branch block in 23% of the tests. CONCLUSION: There were two or more athlete's heart syndrome signs in 46% of Brazilian disabled athletes.

  11. Terapia baseada em realidade virtual usando o leap motion controller para reabilitação do membro superior após acidente vascular cerebral = Virtual reality therapy using the leap motion controller for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation Virtual reality therapy using the Leap Motion Controller for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soares, Nayron Medeiros

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a aplicabilidade de um sensor de movimento, baseado em realidade virtual, para promover a reabilitação do membro superior após um acidente vascular cerebral. RELATO DOS CASOS: Três pacientes após acidente vascular cerebral realizaram um treino para reabilitação do membro superior com realidade virtual usando a tecnologia Leap Motion Controller e o jogo Playground 3D®, durante três dias consecutivos. No primeiro e no terceiro dia, foram avaliados com os testes Caixa e Blocos, Coordenação Óculo-Manual de Melo e Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana. No último dia, foram aplicadas Fichas de Avaliação da Experiência do paciente. Após o treinamento proposto, observou-se diminuição do limiar motor em ambos os hemisférios cerebrais e melhores desempenhos nos testes que avaliaram a habilidade manual e óculo-manual. A terapia proposta foi bem recebida pelos pacientes testados. CONCLUSÕES: Não foram observados efeitos adversos e os resultados mostram-se promissores e precisos no treinamento realizado com realidade virtual usando a tecnologia Leap Motion Controller e o jogo Playground 3D®. O treinamento proporcionou uma participação ativa dos pacientes na reabilitação das sequelas de extremidade superior após um acidente vascular cerebral

  12. Ressonância magnética funcional na determinação da lateralização da área cerebral da linguagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meneses Murilo S.

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A ressonância magnética funcional (RMF é uma nova técnica capaz de detectar pequenas alterações no fluxo sanguíneo e oxigenação de tecidos cerebrais em que ocorre ativação neuronal. O seu emprego na avaliação pré-cirúrgica de pacientes com epilepsia portadores de esclerose mesial temporal está atualmente em avaliação em alguns centros de neurologia. O principal objetivo é encontrar o melhor paradigma de ativação na avaliação das funções de linguagem e memória, visando a substituição do teste de Wada, largamente utilizado nos dias de hoje. Para formular um paradigma já adaptado ao nosso idioma, apresentamos a nossa experiência em uma tarefa comportamental de fluência verbal na determinação da lateralização da área cerebral da linguagem. Avaliaram-se os exames de RMF de uma clínica de imagem particular em Curitiba por período de aproximadamente dois anos. Dos 19 pacientes estudados, obteve-se sucesso no exame em 16 e, destes, todos apresentavam dominância hemisférica cerebral da linguagem à esquerda. Em um subgrupo com 5 pacientes foi possível comparar os resultados obtidos com a técnica de Wada e RMF, havendo concordância entre as técnicas. A partir deste estudo e de vários outros semelhantes na literatura, acreditamos que a RMF está progressivamente conquistando seu espaço na prática médica.

  13. Genetic modification of cerebral arterial wall: implications for prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vijay, Anantha; Santhanam, R; Katusic, Zvonimir S

    2006-10-01

    Genetic modification of cerebral vessels represents a promising and novel approach for prevention and/or treatment of various cerebral vascular disorders, including cerebral vasospasm. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the use of gene transfer to the cerebral arteries for prevention and/or treatment of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We also discuss the recent developments in vascular therapeutics, involving the autologous use of progenitor cells for repair of damaged vessels, as well as a cell-based gene delivery approach for the prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm.

  14. Megalencefalia: Considerações a respeito de 7 casos diagnosticados em vida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilberto Machado de Almeida

    1964-03-01

    Full Text Available O diagnóstico de megalencefalia deve ser feito em vida, especialmente pela possibilidade de confusão com hidrocefalia. Os dados anamnésticos e clínicos poderão, em alguns casos, sugerir esta hipótese diagnóstica; entretanto, são as punções ventriculares que, geralmente, orientam para o diagnóstico certo. As pneumografias confirmam o diagnóstico, podendo ser dispensadas nos casos típicos. Outros exames (radiografias do crânio, eletrencefalograma ou arteriografia cerebral têm pouco valor. São apresentados 7 casos em que o diagnóstico foi feito em vida. Em um paciente havia também macroglossia e, em dois irmãos, mancha vinhosa ao nível da glabela. A incidência familiar foi observada em dois pares de crianças, sendo que em um dêles os pais eram consangüíneos. A casuística apresentada - relativa a um período de 7 anos - maior do que as encontradas na literatura compulsada, mostra que a megalencefalia não é tão rara como geralmente é admitido.

  15. Cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis: on the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Taenia multiceps.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Christodoulopoulos, Georgios; Dinkel, Anke; Romig, Thomas; Ebi, Dennis; Mackenstedt, Ute; Loos-Frank, Brigitte

    2016-12-01

    We characterised the causative agents of cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis in livestock by determining the mitochondrial genotypes and morphological phenotypes of 52 Taenia multiceps isolates from a wide geographical range in Europe, Africa, and western Asia. Three studies were conducted: (1) a morphological comparison of the rostellar hooks of cerebral and non-cerebral cysts of sheep and goats, (2) a morphological comparison of adult worms experimentally produced in dogs, and (3) a molecular analysis of three partial mitochondrial genes (nad1, cox1, and 12S rRNA) of the same isolates. No significant morphological or genetic differences were associated with the species of the intermediate host. Adult parasites originating from cerebral and non-cerebral cysts differed morphologically, e.g. the shape of the small hooks and the distribution of the testes in the mature proglottids. The phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial haplotypes produced three distinct clusters: one cluster including both cerebral isolates from Greece and non-cerebral isolates from tropical and subtropical countries, and two clusters including cerebral isolates from Greece. The majority of the non-cerebral specimens clustered together but did not form a monophyletic group. No monophyletic groups were observed based on geography, although specimens from the same region tended to cluster. The clustering indicates high intraspecific diversity. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that all variants of T. multiceps can cause cerebral coenurosis in sheep (which may be the ancestral phenotype), and some variants, predominantly from one genetic cluster, acquired the additional capacity to produce non-cerebral forms in goats and more rarely in sheep.

  16. Perspectivas atuais do tratamento da cetoacidose diabética em pediatria Current perspectives for treating children with diabetic ketoacidosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jefferson P. Piva

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar os conceitos atuais da fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da cetoacidose diabética (CAD na infância, assim como as medidas preventivas para evitar o edema cerebral. FONTES DOS DADOS: Os autores selecionaram artigos na MEDLINE com as palavras-chave diabetes, cetoacidose, hiperglicemia e edema cerebral, priorizando estudos realizados em crianças, que tenham textos completos publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol. Revisaram, ainda, capítulos de livros publicados no Brasil descrevendo o tratamento de CAD em unidade de tratamento intensivo pediátrico. Baseados na literatura revisada e em sua experiência, apresentam as medidas mais eficazes e recomendadas no manejo da CAD. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Consolida-se cada vez mais a utilização de solução fisiológica (NaCl 0,9% tanto na fase de reposição rápida quanto na fase de hidratação, em substituição às soluções diluídas (hipotônicas, assim como a contra-indicação do uso de bicarbonato de sódio para corrigir acidose metabólica na CAD. A insulina regular deve ser utilizada sob a forma de infusão contínua (0,1 UI/kg/h sem a necessidade de dose de ataque. Para rápidas correções das oscilações da glicemia, é apresentado um esquema prático com duas bolsas de soluções eletrolíticas. Revisam edema cerebral, seu mecanismo fisiopatológico e o tratamento atual. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de infusão contínua de insulina regular associada à reposição hídrica adequada com soluções isotônicas, além de tratamentos efetivos da CAD, preserva a osmolaridade plasmática e previne a ocorrência de edema cerebral.OBJECTIVE:To review current concepts of physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA in childhood, as well as preventive measures to avoid cerebral edema. SOURCES: The authors selected articles from MEDLINE with the keywords diabetes, ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia and cerebral edema, and priority was given to studies

  17. Cerebral Palsy. Fact Sheet = La Paralisis Cerebral. Hojas Informativas Sobre Discapacidades.

    Science.gov (United States)

    National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities, Washington, DC.

    This fact sheet on cerebral palsy is written in both English and Spanish. First, it provides a definition of cerebral palsy and considers various causes (e.g., an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the fetal or newborn brain). The fact sheet then offers incidence figures and explains characteristics of the three main types of cerebral palsy:…

  18. Disfunção intestinal em pacientes com lesão cerebral decorrente de acidente vascular cerebral e traumatismo craniencefálico: estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cinthia Carlos Dourado

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La disfunción del intestino es una queja común entre los pacientes con daño cerebral debido a una lesión cerebral traumática y accidente cerebrovascular. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la prevalencia de disfunción del intestino (incontinencia y constipación en pacientes con daño cerebral debido a una lesión cerebral traumática y accidente cerebrovascular admitidos para la rehabilitación. Este es un estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos a partir del análisis de los datos de 138 expedientes de los pacientes ingresados en el primer semestre de 2009. La prevalencia de disfunción del intestino fue de 41%, siendo 33 (24% incontinencia anal y 37 (27%, constipación. El comprometimiento motor, ayuda a la movilidad, cambios en la memoria y la comunicación se asocian con la presencia de la incontinencia anal. La prevalencia de disfunción del intestino es alta en esta población, identificar en forma temprana los factores relacionados, y promover el reentrenamiento intestinal pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de sus vidas.

  19. Microembolism after cerebral angiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manaka, Hiroshi; Sakai, Hideki; Nagata, Izumi

    2000-01-01

    Acute microemboli are detected more precisely with the recently developed diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI). We happened to obtain 24 DWIs after 350 diagnostic cerebral angiographies in 1999. DWIs after cerebral angiographies showed bright lesions in 7 patients (28%), of whom 6 had no neurological symptoms after cerebral angiography. Seven of the 24 patients had risk factors for arteriosclerosis. Only one patient had embolic events due to angiography. Microemboli related to cerebral angiographies are inevitable in some patients. Most are silent, however, we should investigate the cause of microemboli and should make cerebral angiography safer. (author)

  20. Rinoliquorréia e hidrocefalia por gliose do aqueduto cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter C. Pereira

    1967-03-01

    Full Text Available É relatado um caso de hidrocefalia tardia, determinada por gliose do aqueduto cerebral, complicada com rinoliquorréia. A fístula do líquido cefalorraqueano se estabeleceu em conseqüência da erosão da sela turca pelo assoalho do 3.° ventriculo hipertenso e dilatado, determinando comunicação entre a cavidade ventricular e o seio esfenoidal. O paciente foi operado, tendo a fístula sido ocluída satisfatoriamente; previamente foi feita derivação ventrículo-peritoneal para evitar recidiva da hipertensão do sistema ventricular.

  1. Birth Defects: Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Loss > Birth defects & other health conditions > Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy E-mail to a friend Please fill in ... this page It's been added to your dashboard . Cerebral palsy (also called CP) is a group of conditions ...

  2. Employees with Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Resources Home | Accommodation and Compliance Series: Employees with Cerebral Palsy (CP) By Eddie Whidden, MA Preface Introduction Information ... SOAR) at http://AskJAN.org/soar. Information about Cerebral Palsy (CP) What is CP? Cerebral palsy is a ...

  3. Claritromicina associada com pirímetamina na toxoplasmose cerebral - relato de dois casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Olivicr Dalston

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores relatam a resposta terapêutica da claritromicina associada com pirímetamina em dois casos de toxoplasmose cerebral ocorridos em pacientes com Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA. Nos dois casos o diagnóstico foi presuntivo, baseando-se nas manifestações clínicas e na presença de lesões expansivas hipercaptantes detectadas na tomografia computadorizada (TC de crânio. Em ambos os casos, observou-se exantema com o uso da sulfadiazina e da clindamicina, razão pela qual tais medicamentos foram substituídos pela claritromicina (1,5 a 2g/dia associada à pirímetamina (25mg/dia. A resposta terapêutica foi favorável nos dois casos com melhora das manifestações neurológicas e dos achados neurorradiológicos. Os autores sugerem que a associação claritromicina com pirímetamina pode ser útil como opção terapêutica na toxoplasmose cerebral em pacientes com SIDA que apresentam intolerância ou outra contra-indicação ao emprego das sulfonamidas.The authors report the use and tbe outcome of claritromycin associated with pyrimethamine in the treatment of toxoplasma encephalites in two patients with AIDS. Both patients had the diagnosis stablished on clinical grounds, positive sorology (IgG for toxoplasmosis and computed-tomographic (CT scan of the brain showing lesions consistent with T. gondii encephalitis. The two patients were initially treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazme, which was changed to clindamycin due to allergic reactions. These reactions (skin rash occurred with clindamycin as well and the patients were treated with claritromycin and pyrimethamine. The scheduled regimens were 1.5 to 2g of clarithromycin plus 25mg of pyrimethamine. The clinical response was very good in both cases with regression of neurologic signs and encephalitic abnormalities observed on CT scan. The authors suggest that clarithromycin associated with pyrimethamine may be an alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis in AIDS

  4. Brain injury markers (S100B and NSE in chronic cocaine dependents Marcadores de lesão cerebral (S100B e NSE em dependentes crônicos de cocaína

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felix Henrique Paim Kessler

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown signs of brain damage caused by different mechanisms in cocaine users. The serum neuron specific enolase and S100B protein are considered specific biochemical markers of neuronal and glial cell injury. This study aimed at comparing blood levels of S100B and NSE in chronic cocaine users and in volunteers who did not use cocaine or other illicit drugs. METHOD: Twenty subjects dependent on cocaine but not on alcohol or marijuana, and 20 non-substance using controls were recruited. Subjects were selected by consecutive and non-probabilistic sampling. Neuron specific enolase and S100B levels were determined by luminescence assay. RESULTS: Cocaine users had significantly higher scores than controls in all psychiatric dimensions of the SCL-90 and had cognitive deficits in the subtest cubes of WAIS and the word span. Mean serum S100B level was 0.09 ± 0.04 µg/l among cocaine users and 0.08 ± 0.04 µg/l among controls. Mean serum neuron specific enolase level was 9.7 ± 3.5 ng/l among cocaine users and 8.3 ± 2.6 ng/l among controls. CONCLUSIONS: In this first study using these specific brain damage markers in cocaine users, serum levels of S100B and neuron specific enolase were not statistically different between cocaine dependent subjects and controls.OBJETIVO: Estudos têm demonstrado sinais de lesão cerebral causadas por diferentes mecanismos em usuários de cocaína. A enolase sérica neurônio-específica e a proteína S100B são consideradas marcadores bioquímicos específicos de lesão neuronal e glial. Este estudo objetivou comparar os níveis sangüíneos de S100B e enolase sérica neurônio-específica em usuários crônicos de cocaína e em voluntários que não usam cocaína ou outras drogas ilícitas. MÉTODO: Vinte sujeitos dependentes de cocaína, mas não dependentes de álcool, maconha ou outra droga, e 20 sujeitos controles não usuários de drogas foram recrutados. Os sujeitos foram selecionados por

  5. Cerebral cortex activation mapping upon electrical muscle stimulation by 32-channel time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Re, Rebecca; Muthalib, Makii; Contini, Davide; Zucchelli, Lucia; Torricelli, Alessandro; Spinelli, Lorenzo; Caffini, Matteo; Ferrari, Marco; Quaresima, Valentina; Perrey, Stephane; Kerr, Graham

    2013-01-01

    The application of different EMS current thresholds on muscle activates not only the muscle but also peripheral sensory axons that send proprioceptive and pain signals to the cerebral cortex. A 32-channel time-domain fNIRS instrument was employed to map regional cortical activities under varied EMS current intensities applied on the right wrist extensor muscle. Eight healthy volunteers underwent four EMS at different current thresholds based on their individual maximal tolerated intensity (MTI), i.e., 10 % < 50 % < 100 % < over 100 % MTI. Time courses of the absolute oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations primarily over the bilateral sensorimotor cortical (SMC) regions were extrapolated, and cortical activation maps were determined by general linear model using the NIRS-SPM software. The stimulation-induced wrist extension paradigm significantly increased activation of the contralateral SMC region according to the EMS intensities, while the ipsilateral SMC region showed no significant changes. This could be due in part to a nociceptive response to the higher EMS current intensities and result also from increased sensorimotor integration in these cortical regions.

  6. Cerebral biopsy: comparison between frame-based stereotaxy and neuronavigation in an oncology center Biópsia cerebral: comparação entre estereotaxia com arco e neuronavegação em um centro de oncologia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Augusto Ferreira Lobão

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Treatment of intracranial tumoral lesions is related to its correct histological diagnostic. We present a retrospective analysis of 32 patients submitted to 36 cerebral biopsies using neuronavigation and 44 patients using frame-based stereotaxy. Mean age was 46.6 and 49.3 years old respectively. Sex distribution in both groups was 50% for each. Most of lesions were lobar in both groups. Diagnostic yielding was 91.7% and 83.4%, respectively (p=0.26. We found in the postoperative CT scans intracranial hemorrhages in 13.8% cases of the first group and 9.8% cases in the second. Most of them were mild post-operative hemorrages in the biopsy site. There was one death related to the procedure in each group. Astrocytomas and metastatic adenocarcinomas were the most frequent diagnosis. Diagnostic yielding and the number of postoperative hemorrhage and death were similar on both groups and the same found in the literature.O manejo das lesões intracranianas tumorais está relacionado ao seu diagnóstico histológico adequado. Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com 32 pacientes submetidos a 36 biópsias cerebrais por neuronavegação e 44 pacientes por estereotaxia com arco. A idade média foi 46,6 e 49,3 anos respectivamente. Nos dois grupos a distribuição por sexo foi 50% para cada. A maioria das lesões biopsiadas eram lobares nos dois grupos. A positividade diagnóstica foi 91,7% para neuronavegação e 83,4% para a estereotaxia com arco, respectivamente (p=0,26. Identificou-se hemorragia intracraniana na TC pós-operatória em 13,8% dos casos no primeiro grupo e em 9,8% no segundo, a maioria de pequena monta sem provocar piora neurológica. Ocorreu uma morte relacionada ao procedimento em cada grupo. Os diagnósticos mais freqüentes foram astrocitomas e adenocarcinomas metastáticos. A positividade diagnóstica, taxas de hemorragia pós-operatória e de mortalidade foram equiparáveis estatisticamente entre os dois métodos e se assemelham com as

  7. Hypothermia reduces cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow in newborn pigs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Busija, D.W.; Leffler, C.W.

    1987-01-01

    The authors examined effects of hypothermia on cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow in anesthetized, newborn pigs (1-4 days old). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined with 15-μm radioactive microspheres. Regional CBF ranged from 44 to 66 ml·min -1 ·100 g -1 , and cerebral metabolic rate was 1.94 ± 0.23 ml O 2 ·100 g -1 ·min -1 during normothermia (39 degree C). Reduction of rectal temperature to 34-35 degree C decreased CBF and cerebral metabolic rate 40-50%. In another group of piglets, they examined responsiveness of the cerebral circulation to arterial hypercapnia during hypothermia. Although absolute values for normocapnic and hypercapnic CBF were reduced by hypothermia and absolute values for normocapnic and hypercapnic cerebrovascular resistance were increased, the percentage changes from control in these variables during hypercapnia were similar during normothermia and hypothermia. In another group of animals that were maintained normothermic and exposed to two episodes of hypercapnia, there was no attenuation of cerebrovascular dilation during the second episode. They conclude that hypothermia reduces CBF secondarily to a decrease in cerebral metabolic rate and that percent dilator responsiveness to arterial hypercapnia is unaltered when body temperature is reduced

  8. Influência do local de análise dopplervelocimétrica na artéria cerebral média The influence of the site of middle cerebral doppler flow analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Aurélio Martins de Souza

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar se existem diferenças entre índices os ovários dopplervelocimétricos em função do local de insonação da artéria cerebral média em pacientes saudáveis comparando-as a outro grupo com intercorrências. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo, randomizado, desenvolvido no período de junho de 2003 a março de 2004. Foram analisados os índices doplervelocimétricos de 100 pacientes: grupo de estudo (GE, n=50: pacientes internadas tendo como critérios de inclusão: estar entre a 28ª e a 34ª semana de gestação e diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial crônica materna, pré-eclampsia ou restrição de crescimento intra-uterino (CIUR. Como grupo controle (GC, 50 pacientes saudáveis, grávidas entre a 28ª e a 34ª semana. As variáveis doplervelocimétricas analisadas foram o índice de resistência (IR, o índice de pulsatilidade (IP e a relação sístole/diástole (SD. Todos os três índices foram obtidos e em dois locais diferentes: a primeira medida em região do diencéfalo, logo após o início da artéria cerebral média, e a segunda em localização mais distal, no telencéfalo. RESULTADOS: As medianas dos índices no GE na primeira e segunda medida foram respectivamente para o IP de 1,55 e 1,69; para o IR de 0,77 e 0,79; para o SD de 4,29 e 4,86. No GC os valores foram para o IP de 1,73 e 1,86; para o IR de 0,83 e 0,79 e para o SD de 5,83 e 5,46. Não houve diferenças entre os locais, com valor p de 0,38; 0,29 e 0,39, respectivamente para o IP, IR e SD. Em 15 fetos centralizados, a mediana dos índices no diencéfalo foi IP=1,02; IR=0,63 e SD=2,68. No telencéfalo a mediana foi IP=0,95; IR=062 e SD=2,44. Não houve diferenças entre os dois locais, com valor p de 0,53 para o IP; 0,56 para o IR e 0,31 para o SD. CONCLUSÃO: O local de insonação não interfere nos valores dos índices de doplervelocimetria nas artérias cerebrais médias.PURPOSE: to evaluate if there is any difference between Doppler indexes in the

  9. Achados eletrencefalográficos em crianças com crises convulsivas nos primeiros 12 meses de idade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubens Moura Ribeiro

    1966-09-01

    Full Text Available São analisados os EEG de 65 crianças com diversos tipos de crises convulsivas ocorrendo nos primeiros 12 meses de vida. Alterações eletrencefalográficas foram registradas em 55 (84,5%, sendo o EEG normal em 10 casos (15,5%. A disritmia paroxística por onda "sharp" focal foi assinalada em 27 pacientes (41,5%; a disritmia paroxística por onda espícula focal em 3 (4,6%; ondas delta em 27 (41,5%; desorganização do ritmo em 3 (4,6%; depressão da atividade elétrica cerebral em 7 (10,7% e alterações eletrencefalográficas de tipo hipsarritmia em 2 (3%. São feitas considerações a respeito dos prováveis mecanismos responsáveis pela propagação das descargas convulsiógenas no EEG dêsses pacientes, assim como a eventual correlação eletroclínica.

  10. Avaliação da flexibilidade pelo método do Flexômetro de Wells em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral submetidas a tratamento hidroterapêutico: estudo de casos = Flexibility evaluation by the method of Wells’ Flexometer in children with Cerebral Palsy submitted to hydrotherapy treatment: study of the cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Avaliar a flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, utilizando o método proposto por Wells e Dillon, antes e após cada sessão de hidroterapia. Foi verificada a flexibilidade de três crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC diparéticas, com idades entre sete a dez anos. Os valores de flexibilidade foram aferidos, utilizando o Flexômetro de Wells. Houve aumento significativo da flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior dos pacientes após cada sessão de hidroterapia, tanto na avaliação em grupo quanto individual, assim como antes da primeira sessão de hidroterapia quando comparada com a última. O estudo sugere que a hidroterapia promove melhora da flexibilidade em relação à cadeia muscular posterior de crianças com PC diparéticas, pelo relaxamento global e consequente diminuição dotônus muscular, quando associada a exercícios de alongamentos passivos. To evaluate the flexibility of the posterior muscle chain using the method proposed by Wells and Dillon, before and after each hydrotherapy session. The study verified the flexibility of three children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP, aged 7 to 10. The values of flexibility were measured using the Wells’ Flexometer. There was a significant increase in the flexibility of posterior muscle chain of the patients after each session of hydrotherapy, both in the individual evaluation and in the group, as well as before the first session of hydrotherapy compared to the last. The study suggests that hydrotherapy promotes the improvement of flexibility, by relaxation of muscle tone of children with diplegic CP, in relation to the posterior muscle chain, when combined with passive stretching exercises.

  11. Hyperventilation, cerebral perfusion, and syncope

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Immink, R V; Pott, F C; Secher, N H

    2014-01-01

    dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) partial pressures so that hypercapnia/hypoxia increases and hypocapnia/hyperoxia reduces global cerebral blood flow. Cerebral hypoperfusion and TLOC have been associated with hypocapnia related to HV. Notwithstanding pronounced cerebrovascular effects of PaCO2...... the contribution of a low PaCO2 to the early postural reduction in middle cerebral artery blood velocity is transient. HV together with postural stress does not reduce cerebral perfusion to such an extent that TLOC develops. However when HV is combined with cardiovascular stressors like cold immersion or reduced...... cardiac output brain perfusion becomes jeopardized. Whether, in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or defect, cerebral blood flow cerebral control HV-induced hypocapnia elicits cerebral hypoperfusion, leading to TLOC, remains to be established....

  12. Cerebral mass lesion due to cytomegalovirus in a patient with AIDS: case report and literature review Lesão expansiva cerebral devida a citomegalovírus: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José E. Vidal

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Cytomegalovirus (CMV disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS patients most commonly presents as chorioretinitis and gastro-intestinal infection. Neurological involvement due to CMV may cause several clinical presentations: polyradiculitis, myelitis, encephalitis, ventriculo-encephalitis, and mononeuritis multiplex. Rarely, cerebral mass lesion is described. We report a 39 year-old woman with AIDS and previous cerebral toxoplasmosis. She presented with fever, seizures, and vulval ulcers. Her chest X-ray showed multiple lung nodules, and a large frontal lobe lesion was seen in a brain computed tomography scan. She underwent a brain biopsy through a frontal craniotomy, but her condition deteriorated and she died in the first postoperative day. Histopathological studies and immunohistochemistry disclosed CMV disease, and there was no evidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis, bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal infection. CMV disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebral mass lesion in AIDS patients. High suspicion index, timely diagnostic procedures (surgical or minimally invasive, and proper utilization of prophylactic and therapeutic medication could improve outcome of these patients.As doenças causadas pelo citomegalovírus (CMV em pacientes com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida apresentam-se principalmente como corioretinite ou comprometimento gastrointestinal. No sistema nervoso central, o CMV pode causar diversas síndromes clínicas: poliradiculite, mielite, encefalite, ventrículo-encefalite e mononeurite múltipla. Raramente, lesões expansivas cerebrais são descritas. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente de 39 anos com antecedentes de infecção pelo HIV e toxoplasmose cerebral, que apresentou-se com febre, convulsões e úlceras vulvares. O raios-X de tórax demonstrou múltiplos nódulos pulmonares e a tomografia computadorizada de crânio evidenciou extensa lesão no lobo frontal esquerdo

  13. Use of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of hemispheric infarction Uso da craniectomia descompressiva no tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico hemisférico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Fiorot Jr.

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Decompressive craniectomy (DC has demonstrated efficacy in reducing mortality in hemispheric infarction of the middle cerebral artery. The aim of our study was to compare the outcome of patients submitted to DC to patients treated in a conservative way. Eighteen patients were submitted to DC and 14 received conservative treatment. Neurological status was assessed by the Glasgow Coma Score and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Mortality, modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index scores were assessed at 90 days to evaluate outcome. We did not observe reduction in overall mortality and functional outcome in patients submitted to DC. The differences between our group and previously published series are probably related to the neurological status of the patients at the time of therapeutic decision.Craniectomia descompressiva (CD tem demonstrado eficácia em reduzir a mortalidade em pacientes com infarto hemisférico (IH da artéria cerebral média. Este estudo avaliou o prognóstico dos pacientes submetidos a CD comparando a pacientes com IH tratados de maneira conservadora. Dezoito pacientes foram submetidos a CD e 14 receberam tratamento conservador. Escala de Coma de Glasgow e Escala de AVC do National Institutes of Health foram utilizadas para graduar o déficit neurológico. A mortalidade, bem como os escores obtidos na escala modificada de Rankin e índice de Barthel foram avaliados em 90 dias. Não foi observada redução de mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos a CD. Essa diferença entre os nossos resultados e os estudos publicados previamente se deve, provavelmente, à decisão cirúrgica tardia em pacientes com sinais clínicos de herniação cerebral.

  14. Application of the OS-EM method to the 123I-IMP ARG method. Comparison between FBP and OS-EM methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sasaki, Kazuko; Satou, Ayuko; Oomura, Tomomi; Ono, Madoka; Hachiya, Takenori

    2004-01-01

    We investigated application of the ordered subsets-expectation maximization (OS-EM) method to the 123 I-IMP autoradiography (ARG) method to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). First, scan time and subsets were fixed at 20 min and 16, respectively, and the influence of iteration on the cross calibration factor (CCF) and quantitative rCBF values obtained by the ARG method was investigated when the iteration number was set at 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 90. Next, with the number of iterations set at 4, we compared the scanning times of OS-EM and filtered back projection (FBP). We determined that the CCF values remained at the same level irrespective of iteration number. Quantitative rCBF values had no association with iteration number, either. Using the quantitative rCBF values obtained by 20-min. scanning with FBP as a standard, the time period for collecting SPECT data was 10 min, without sacrificing image quality or quantification. Quantitative rCBF obtained by OS-EM was estimated to be higher than that by FBP. (author)

  15. Crises parciais motoras induzidas por movimentos em pacientes diabéticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glória M. A. S. Tedrus

    1991-12-01

    Full Text Available Levando em conta o número restrito de casos em âmbito internacional e a ausência de publicações na literatura nacional, os autores apresentam três casos de crises motoras focais induzidas por movimentos em pacientes diabéticos com mais de 50 anos de idade. As crises eram numerosas, sendo também desencadeadas ao serem assumidas determinadas posturas. Em dois casos havia hiperglicemia não cetótica. Todos os pacientes apresentavam hemiparesia e, em dois, tal déficit desapareceu após o cotnrole das crises. No outro paciente a hemiparesia era decorrente de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico instalado 6 meses antes. Síndrome parietal transitória foi observada nos três pacientes. O EEG crítico mostrou, em dois pacientes, descargas na região parieto-occipital e, em um, na região temporal média contralateral. As crises foram resistentes aos anticonvulsivantes, só havendo controle com o tratamento dos distúrbios metabólicos. São discutidos aspectos clínico-eletren-cefalográficos e etiopatogênicos. A pesquisa do caráter reflexo das crises e a dosagem da glicemia devem ser feitas em todos os pacientes idosos com crises motoras focais, face às implicações de ordem terapêutica e prognóstica.

  16. Patent foramen ovale in a cohort of young patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke Forame oval patente em uma coorte de pacientes jovens com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcus Tulius T. Silva

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Although its role is a matter of debate, some studies described a higher prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA in young stroke patients, with higher risk with PFO / ASA association (OR 4.96. The aim of this study was determine the prevalence of PFO and ASA in a cohort of cryptogenic ischemic stroke (IS patients younger than 55 years and to follow-up after surgical or percutaneous endovascular closure (PEC. METHOD: In 21 months we identified all patients less than 55 years old with IS who were admitted to our hospital. Cryptogenic IS was considered if there is not an identifiably cause to cerebral ischemia. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE was performed in all patients. After interatrial septal abnormalities diagnosis, percutaneous device closure was offered to all. Patients were followed monthly and keeped with oral AAS or Clopidogrel. RESULTS: We identified 189 patients with IS and 32 were less than 55 years old (16.9%. In 29 the IS was cryptogenic. TEE was performed in all patients and some form of interatrial septal abnormality was identified in 12 (12/29 - 41.3%; 5 had a PFO and in 7 there was PFO plus ASA. Ten patients were submitted to PEC and 2 were submitted to surgical closure. In mid-term follow-up (28 months no ischemic events occurred and 2 patients related disappearance of migraine symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our small series description is in accordance with other studies and suggests a possible relation between interatrial septal abnormalities and IS in a cohort of young patient.OBJETIVO: A associação das anormalidades do septo interatrial - forame oval patente (FOP e aneurisma de septo interatrial (ASA - com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI ainda é questão de incerteza para muitos autores. No entanto, vários estudo mostram que em pacientes jovens tais anormalidades podem estar relacionadas à gênese de eventos isquêmicos. Nosso objetivo é descrever a prevalência do

  17. Cerebral vasculitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Greenan, T.J.; Grossman, R.I.

    1990-01-01

    This paper reviews retrospectively MR, CT, and angiographic findings in patients with cerebral vasculitis in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the various imaging modalities, as well as the spectrum of imaging abnormalities in this disease entity. Studies were retrospectively reviewed in 12 patients with cerebral vasculitis proved by means of angiography and/or brain biopsy

  18. Conduta anestésica em cesariana em gestante com aneurisma intracraniano não roto Conducta anestésica en cesárea en embarazada con aneurisma cerebral íntegro Anesthetic conduct in cesarean section in a parturient with unruptured intracranial aneurysm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana de Souza Cota Carvalho

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O manuseio anestésico para cesariana programada em gestante com aneurisma intracraniano não roto é particularmente interessante, pois apresenta diversas particularidades relacionadas às alterações fisiológicas da gestação acrescida dos riscos de ruptura do aneurisma durante o procedimento anestésico. A literatura é escassa nesse assunto, sendo assim importante a divulgação dos casos. RELATO DO CASO: Gestante de termo, 31 anos, com aneurisma intracraniano não roto submetida à cesariana programada sob anestesia peridural simples. O procedimento evoluiu sem intercorrências para mãe e filho. CONCLUSÕES: Recomendações baseadas em evidências para anestesia obstétrica em pacientes portadoras de aneurisma intracraniano não roto não existem. Não há dados experimentais ou clínicos que confirmem ou refutem anestesia geral ou regional nesse contexto. Dessa forma, a decisão de qual técnica utilizar deve ser feita com bases individuais, ponderando os riscos e benefícios de cada procedimento e a experiência do profissional que irá conduzi-la.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El manejo anestésico para la cesárea programada en embarazada con aneurisma cerebral íntegro es particularmente interesante, porque presenta diversas particularidades relacionadas con las alteraciones fisiológicas del embarazo y por añadidura, con los riesgos de ruptura del aneurisma durante el procedimiento anestésico. La literatura es parca en ese asunto, siendo muy importante la divulgación de los casos. RELATO DEL CASO: Embarazada de término, 31 años, con aneurisma cerebral no roto y sometida a la cesárea programada bajo anestesia epidural simple. El procedimiento evolucionó sin intercurrencias para la madre y el hijo. CONCLUSIONES: No existen recomendaciones basadas en evidencias, para la anestesia obstétrica en pacientes portadoras de aneurisma cerebral no roto. No hay datos experimentales o clínicos que confirmen o que

  19. Prevalência de disfagia orofaríngea no acidente vascular cerebral após cirurgia cardíaca

    OpenAIRE

    Tatiana Magalhães de Almeida; Paula Cristina Cola; Daniel Magnoni; João Ítalo Dias França; Roberta Gonçalves da Silva

    2015-01-01

    Resumo: OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de disfagia orofaríngea em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca e que evoluíram com Acidente Vascular Cerebral em Hospital Público de Referência. MÉTODOS: estudo clínico descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado por meio da coleta de dados de protocolos de avaliação clínica da deglutição orofaríngea, no período de novembro de 2010 á novembro de 2011. Foram incluídos os 25 protocolos de avaliação clínica para disfagia orofaríngea de indivíduos que f...

  20. [Cerebral protection].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cattaneo, A D

    1993-09-01

    Cerebral protection means prevention of cerebral neuronal damage. Severe brain damage extinguishes the very "human" functions such as speech, consciousness, intellectual capacity, and emotional integrity. Many pathologic conditions may inflict injuries to the brain, therefore the protection and salvage of cerebral neuronal function must be the top priorities in the care of critically ill patients. Brain tissue has unusually high energy requirements, its stores of energy metabolites are small and, as a result, the brain is totally dependent on a continuous supply of substrates and oxygen, via the circulation. In complete global ischemia (cardiac arrest) reperfusion is characterized by an immediate reactive hyperemia followed within 20-30 min by a delayed hypoperfusion state. It has been postulated that the latter contributes to the ultimate neurologic outcome. In focal ischemia (stroke) the primary focus of necrosis is encircled by an area (ischemic penumbra) that is underperfused and contains neurotoxic substances such as free radicals, prostaglandins, calcium, and excitatory neurotransmitters. The variety of therapeutic effort that have addressed the question of protecting the brain reflects their limited success. 1) Barbiturates. After an initial enthusiastic endorsement by many clinicians and years of vigorous controversy, it can now be unequivocally stated that there is no place for barbiturate therapy following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. One presumed explanation for this negative statement is that cerebral metabolic suppression by barbiturates (and other anesthetics) is impossible in the absence of an active EEG. Conversely, in the event of incomplete ischemia EEG activity in usually present (albeit altered) and metabolic suppression and hence possibly protection can be induced with barbiturates. Indeed, most of the animal studies led to a number of recommendations for barbiturate therapy in man for incomplete ischemia. 2) Isoflurane. From a cerebral

  1. Dynamic digitized cerebral parenchymography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Theron, J.; Alachkar, F.; Nelson, M.; Mazia, D.

    1992-01-01

    Aortic arch injections centred on the head have been performed routinely in patients with cerebral ischaemia. Digital angiograms with modified windowing (low and narrow) have been used. This 'cerebral' arch injection allows much improved analysis of the cerebral parenchymal vascularization, giving better understanding of hemispheric ischaemia and making the decision about revascularization more rational. (orig.)

  2. What is cerebral small vessel disease?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Onodera, Osamu

    2011-01-01

    An accumulating amount of evidence suggests that the white matter hyperintensities on T 2 weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging predict an increased risk of dementia and gait disturbance. This state has been proposed as cerebral small vessel disease, including leukoaraiosis, Binswanger's disease, lacunar stroke and cerebral microbleeds. However, the concept of cerebral small vessel disease is still obscure. To understand the cerebral small vessel disease, the precise structure and function of cerebral small vessels must be clarified. Cerebral small vessels include several different arteries which have different anatomical structures and functions. Important functions of the cerebral small vessels are blood-brain barrier and perivasucular drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain parenchyma. Cerebral capillaries and glial endfeet, take an important role for these functions. However, the previous pathological investigations on cerebral small vessels have focused on larger arteries than capillaries. Therefore little is known about the pathology of capillaries in small vessel disease. The recent discoveries of genes which cause the cerebral small vessel disease indicate that the cerebral small vessel diseases are caused by a distinct molecular mechanism. One of the pathological findings in hereditary cerebral small vessel disease is the loss of smooth muscle cells, which is an also well-recognized finding in sporadic cerebral small vessel disease. Since pericytes have similar character with the smooth muscle cells, the pericytes should be investigated in these disorders. In addition, the loss of smooth muscle cells may result in dysfunction of drainage of interstitial fluid from capillaries. The precise correlation between the loss of smooth muscle cells and white matter disease is still unknown. However, the function that is specific to cerebral small vessel may be associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. (author)

  3. Fisioterapia respiratoria na pressao intracraniana de pacientes graves internados em unidade de terapia intensiva: revisao sistematica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucas Lima Ferreira

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Analisar os desfechos aumento/diminuição da pressão intracraniana e/ou queda da pressão de perfusão cerebral, proporcionados pela fisioterapia respiratória em pacientes graves assistidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foram selecionados ensaios clínicos publicados entre 2002 e 2012. A busca envolveu as bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MedLine e PEDro, usando os descritores "physical therapy", "physiotherapy", "respiratory therapy" e "randomized controlled trials" em cruzamento com o descritor "intracranial pressure". Resultados: Foram incluídos 5 estudos, que somaram 164 pacientes, com média de idade entre 25 e 65 anos, e que indicaram que as manobras de fisioterapia respiratória aumentaram significativamente a pressão intracraniana, sem alterar a pressão de perfusão cerebral. Os artigos abordaram as técnicas de vibração, vibrocompressão, tapotagem, drenagem postural, além da manobra de aspiração intratraqueal. Todos os pacientes estavam sob ventilação mecânica invasiva. Conclusão: A fisioterapia respiratória promove aumento da pressão intracraniana. Os estudos sugerem que não há repercussões hemodinâmicas e respiratórias a curto prazo ou alteração da pressão de perfusão cerebral. Entretanto, não há estudos que avaliem desfechos clínicos e que assegurem a segurança das manobras.

  4. Cerebral malaria: susceptibility weighted MRI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vinit Baliyan

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral malaria is one of the fatal complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Pathogenesis involves cerebral microangiopathy related to microvascular plugging by infected red blood cells. Conventional imaging with MRI and CT do not reveal anything specific in case of cerebral malaria. Susceptibility weighted imaging, a recent advance in the MRI, is very sensitive to microbleeds related to microangiopathy. Histopathological studies in cerebral malaria have revealed microbleeds in brain parenchyma secondary to microangiopathy. Susceptibility weighted imaging, being exquisitely sensitive to microbleeds may provide additional information and improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in cerebral malaria.

  5. Cerebral Oximetry in Cardiac Surgery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. N. Shepelyuk

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Based on the data of numerous current references, the review describes different neuromonitoring methods during cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation. It shows that it is important and necessary to make neuromonitoring for the early diagnosis and prevention of neurological complications after cardiac surgery. Particular attention is given to cerebral oximetry; the possibilities and advantages of this technique are described. Correction of cerebral oximetric values is shown to improve survival rates and to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. Lack of cerebral oximetry monitoring denudes a clinician of important information and possibilities to optimize patient status and to prevent potentially menacing complications, which allows one to conclude that it is necessary to use cerebral oximetry procedures within neu-romonitoring in cardiac surgery. Key words: extracorporeal circulation, cerebral oximetry, neurological dysfunction, cerebral oxygenation.

  6. Cerebral venous angioma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inagawa, Tetsuji; Taguchi, Haruyoshi; Kamiya, Kazuko; Yano, Takashi; Nakajima, Reiko

    1984-01-01

    This report presents a 27-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as having cerebral venous angioma in the postero-temporal area by CT scan and cerebral angiography. The patient improved by removing angioma with electrocoagulation of medullary veins. (Namekawa, K.)

  7. Participação de crianças com paralisia cerebral nos ambientes da escola Participation of children with cerebral palsy in school environments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Baleroni Rodrigues Silva

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Diante do amplo debate acerca da inclusão do educando com necessidades especiais em escola regular, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever a participação da criança com paralisia cerebral nas atividades funcionais nos diferentes ambientes da escola, a partir da percepção de seus professores. Participaram deste estudo 10 professores e seus respectivos alunos com paralisia cerebral do município de São Paulo. Foi realizada a aplicação da parte I da School Function Assessment junto aos professores, a fim de examinar o nível de participação do aluno em seis ambientes da escola: sala de aula, pátio/recreio, transporte para e da escola, banheiro, transições para/da sala de aula e hora da refeição/ lanche. O Teste de Friedman e o Teste de Wilcoxon para duas populações correlatas foram utilizados para identificar diferenças significativas entre os escores obtidos na participação nos ambientes. Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas nos escores da participação nos ambientes Transporte e Pátio/Recreio, Transporte e Transições, Transporte e Classe, Transporte e Lanche, Banheiro e Classe, Banheiro e Lanche. As crianças tiveram boa participação na classe, porém, a presença de barreiras arquitetônicas interferiu no desempenho de tarefas no banheiro, como sentar-se no vaso sanitário e levantar-se dele, lavar as mãos, assim como o transporte não adaptado. Notou-se, ainda, que recursos para mobilidade, como andador ou muletas, consistiram em importantes facilitadores da participação no pátio/recreio e transições. Esta pesquisa evidenciou a necessidade de ações de esferas governamentais para implementação de adaptações ambientais nas escolas, especialmente aquelas relativas aos transportes e transições.Concerned with the widespread debate about the inclusion of students with special needs in regular schools, this study aimed to describe the participation of children with cerebral palsy in functional

  8. Avaliação e tratamento da hiperglicemia em pacientes graves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Verçoza Viana

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available A hiperglicemia é um problema frequentemente encontrado em pacientes graves em ambiente de terapia intensiva. Sua presença se associa ao aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade, independentemente da causa da admissão (infarto agudo do miocárdio, condição após cirurgia cardiovascular, acidente vascular cerebral e sepse. Entretanto, permanecem muitas dúvidas com relação à fisiopatologia e, particularmente, em relação ao tratamento da hiperglicemia no paciente graves. Na prática clínica, devem ser levados em consideração diversos aspectos para o controle desses pacientes, inclusive os alvos de glicemia, o histórico de diabetes mellitus, a via de nutrição (enteral ou parenteral e o equipamento de monitoramento disponível, o que aumenta substancialmente a carga de trabalho dos profissionais envolvidos nesse tratamento. Esta revisão descreveu a epidemiologia, a fisiopatologia, o tratamento e o monitoramento da hiperglicemia no paciente adulto grave.

  9. Nanomedicine in cerebral palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balakrishnan, Bindu; Nance, Elizabeth; Johnston, Michael V; Kannan, Rangaramanujam; Kannan, Sujatha

    2013-01-01

    Cerebral palsy is a chronic childhood disorder that can have diverse etiologies. Injury to the developing brain that occurs either in utero or soon after birth can result in the motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits seen in cerebral palsy. Although the etiologies for cerebral palsy are variable, neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the brain injury irrespective of the etiology. Currently, there is no effective cure for cerebral palsy. Nanomedicine offers a new frontier in the development of therapies for prevention and treatment of brain injury resulting in cerebral palsy. Nanomaterials such as dendrimers provide opportunities for the targeted delivery of multiple drugs that can mitigate several pathways involved in injury and can be delivered specifically to the cells that are responsible for neuroinflammation and injury. These materials also offer the opportunity to deliver agents that would promote repair and regeneration in the brain, resulting not only in attenuation of injury, but also enabling normal growth. In this review, the current advances in nanotechnology for treatment of brain injury are discussed with specific relevance to cerebral palsy. Future directions that would facilitate clinical translation in neonates and children are also addressed. PMID:24204146

  10. A influência do método de musicoterapia de John Bean e da musicoterapia em geral na representação espacial do corpo de pessoas com paralisia cerebral (2004 -2010 The influence of John Bean's music therapy method and of music therapy in general in body spatial representation in people with cerebral palsy (2004-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose M.ª Fernández Batanero

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Acreditar no princípio da normalização, pressupõem acreditar que todas as pessoas merecem uma sociedade que atenda aos direitos humanos. Uma sociedade que vá ao encontro das características e das particularidades de cada pessoa, atendendo de modo diferenciado às necessidades dos seus elementos, sejam eles ditos "normais", ou com problemáticas. Assim, este artigo, tendo por base um método de investigação quantitativo/qualitativo, aborda a influência do método de musicoterapia de John Bean e da musicoterapia em geral na representação espacial do corpo de pessoas com paralisia cerebral.Believing in the principle of normalization implies believing that all people deserve a society that defends human rights. A society that respects each person's characteristics and particularities, must respond differently to the needs of its constituents, whether or not they are "normal" or have problems. Thus, this article, based on a quantitative/qualitative research approach, discusses the influence of John Bean's music therapy method and of music therapy in general on the spatial representation of the body in people with cerebral palsy.

  11. Autoconceito e Autoeficácia em Crianças com Deficiência Física: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alyne Kalyane Câmara de OLIVEIRA

    Full Text Available RESUMO: a presente pesquisa objetivou identificar estudos que investigaram sobre o autoconceito e a autoeficácia em crianças com deficiência física, evidenciar e discutir sobre o que eles têm revelado acerca das autoavaliações nesta população. Trata-se de um levantamento bibliográfico com critérios de revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIELO, Biblioteca Cochrane, Index Psi Periódicos, PubMed, PePSIC e Redalyc, utilizando os termos criança, autoeficácia, autoconceito, autopercepção, pessoas com deficiência e paralisia cerebral, além de seus respectivos em inglês. Após triagem e seleção dos artigos por meio de critérios de inclusão, sete estudos foram analisados. Observou-se que todos os estudos analisados são estrangeiros, apenas um deles aborda a autoeficácia e seis investigaram sobre o autoconceito especificamente em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Os resultados sugerem que não há conformidade sobre o autoconceito em crianças com paralisia cerebral, sem evidências suficientes para concluir que este constructo seja inferior nestas crianças. Em relação a autoeficácia, crianças com deficiência física se classificam como menos competentes que crianças com outros problemas no neurodesenvolvimento. Considera-se que novas investigações são necessárias para confirmar o que a literatura sugere sobre o autoconceito e a autoeficácia em crianças com deficiência física, incluindo investigação no cenário brasileiro e contribuindo para o conhecimento de profissionais da Educação e Saúde acerca das autoavaliações nesta população.

  12. Aspectos da proteção cerebral em pacientes submetidos a tromboendarterectomia pulmonar com hipotermia profunda e parada circulatória intermitente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HUEB Alexandre C.

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A tromboendarterectomia pulmonar é utilizada como método bem estabelecido para aliviar a hipertensão pulmonar nos casos de tromboembolismo pulmonar crônico. A dificuldade que se apresenta é conciliar o tempo relativamente exíguo de parada circulatória total (PCT hipotérmica com a completa desobstrução das artérias pulmonares, sob pena de danos neurológicos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: No período de março de 1998 a abril de 1999 (13 meses, 8 pacientes, 5 do sexo masculino, 1 de cor negra, com idade variando entre 25 a 56 anos (média 46,2 anos e com diagnóstico angiográfico de tromboembolismo pulmonar, foram submetidos a tromboendarterectomia pulmonar uni ou bilateral por tromboembolismo pulmonar crônico (TEP. Instalado o circuito extracorpóreo e incisada a artéria pulmonar, procede-se à PCT e, aproximadamente a cada 20 minutos de procedimento, intermitentemente, o fluxo da circulação extracorpórea (CEC é restabelecido a 14º C por um período de 15 minutos objetivando-se a reperfusão cerebral e corpórea. Sucessivas paradas circulatórias total são realizadas e tantas quanto forem necessárias até a remoção de todos os trombos da artéria pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Não foram registrados óbitos no transoperatório. Um paciente faleceu no 30º dia de pós-operatório (PO devido a broncopneumonia que evoluiu para sepse. Os 8 pacientes foram submetidos a CEC e PCT hipotérmica, sendo que em 5 (62,5% foram necessárias 4 PCT e em 3 (37,5% apenas 3 PCT, com média de 3,6 PCT. O tempo total de CEC variou de 210 a 255 minutos, com média de 225 minutos. O tempo de PCT hipotérmica variou de 58 a 88 minutos, com média de 76,7 minutos e o período de PCT por paciente variou de 18 a 24 minutos, com média de 20,5 minutos. Em todos os pacientes foram realizadas tomografias de crânio, que não revelaram nenhuma alteração anatômica, assim como o exame físico não revelou déficit motor ou rebaixamento do sens

  13. Cerebral oxygen metabolism and cerebral blood flow in man during light sleep (stage 2)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, P L; Schmidt, J F; Holm, S

    1991-01-01

    . They differ in respect of arousal threshold as a stronger stimulus is required to awaken a subject from deep sleep as compared to light sleep. Our results suggest that during non-rapid eye movement sleep cerebral metabolism and thereby cerebral synaptic activity is correlated to cerebral readiness rather than...

  14. Trombose de artéria carótida interna relacionada a trauma de palato em criança

    OpenAIRE

    Almeida,Fernando de Souza; Hossotani,Márcia Harumi; Moura,Juliana Del Grossi

    2012-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de trombose de artéria carótida interna secundária relacionada a trauma de palato mole em criança. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Criança admitida com quadro de alteração do nível de consciência, sonolência, afasia e hemiplegia direita; tinha antecedente de trauma corto contuso leve em palato mole há oito horas. A investigação tomográfica evidenciou acidente vascular isquêmico secundário à interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo em território de artéria cerebral média esquerda. A arterio...

  15. Evaluation of ocular acupuncture on cerebral infarction with cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Yuge; Gao Qinyi; Wang Shuang; Zhao Yong

    2008-01-01

    To evaluate the immediate effect of ocular acupuncture on patients, an method of SPECT image of cerebral blood flow daily stress test was established. 10 patients diagnosed as cerebral infarction by CT or MRI were tested. They all received 99 Tc m -ECD SPECT imaging at twice before and after ocular acupuncture. By means of image subtraction technique and semi-quantitative method of regional interesting area, the change of regional cerebral blood flow was observed between the two images. Under restful state perfusion of cerebral blood flow in 18 foci was low at the frontal lobe, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and temporal lobe. After ocular acupuncture, the perfusions were obviously increased in 16 foci among them and the reactivity of the frontal lobe and the cerebellum to ocular acupuncture was higher, the average improvement rate of which was 55.15% and 53.06% respectively, lower in the basal ganglia and temporal lobe, the average improvement rate was 31.79% and 36.67% respectively. 99 Tc m -ECD SPECT cerebral perfusion image has some significant clinic value for evaluating the effect of ocular acupuncture to treating cerebral infarction. (authors)

  16. Study of cerebral vascular diseases with radioisotopes in cerebral atherosclerotical subjects and/for subjects with sequelae of cerebral stroke, before and after use of the association piracetam-dihydroergotoxine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lara, P.F.; Ferreira, A.; Paulillo, L.F.; Cukierman, M.

    1985-01-01

    Twently subjects with cerebral sclerosis and/or sequelas of cerebral stroke were studied, before and after use of piracetam-dihydroergotoxine. We performed the complete hemispheric cerebral blood flow and cerebral scintigraphy, beyond clinical and neurological examination. Scintigraphies were unchanged. Cerebral circulation times, or both hemispheres, diminished. This occurred, probably, in relation with metabolic effects of both pharmaceutical drugs. The alpha sympatolytic and modulatory effects of dihydroergotoxine should be considered. (author) [pt

  17. Percepção de alunos com paralisia cerebral sobre o uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva na escola regular Perception of students with cerebral palsy about the use of assistive technology resources in mainstream schools

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Cristina de Jesus Alves

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available O Censo Escolar realizado no Brasil em 2006 localizou aproximadamente 29.000 alunos deficientes físicos matriculados em classes comuns. A escolarização da criança com comprometimento motor na escola comum tem sido discutida juntamente com as possíveis estratégias que possam colaborar para a participação e aprendizagem desse aluno. Uma das estratégias indicadas tem sido o uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva para favorecer a execução das tarefas pedagógicas, porém pouco se sabe sobre a implementação, a eficácia ou as contribuições desses recursos no processo de escolarização da criança com deficiência física. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar, a partir do ponto de vista do aluno com paralisia cerebral, as contribuições, dificuldades e o cotidiano implicado no uso de recursos de tecnologia assitiva no contexto da escolarização no ensino regular. Participaram deste estudo cinco alunos com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral nível motor IV e V segundo o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa para paralisia cerebral - GMFCS. Foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado com as crianças e os dados obtidos foram transcritos e analisados na íntegra, optando-se em realizar uma categorização de acordo com os temas da entrevista. As percepções das crianças foram relevantes e elas mostraram-se capazes de apontar demandas e identificar quando e como os recursos podem ser limitantes dentro do contexto. Assim, considerar as opiniões e a participação da criança na identificação de recursos de tecnologia pode contribuir na compreensão do impacto, das demandas e das possíveis contribuições no processo de implementação e utilização do recurso de tecnologia assistiva.The Brazilian 2006 School Census identified about 29,000 students with physical disability enrolled in regular classes. Schooling of children with motor impairments in regular schools has been under discussion in order to

  18. Efeito do treinamento fisico em judocas e corredores fundistas de alto nivel na plasticidade neural

    OpenAIRE

    Wantuir Francisco Siqueira Jacini

    2007-01-01

    Resumo: Estudos experimentais têm sugerido que a prática de exercícios físicos associados a treinamento, planejamento e execução de movimentos complexos causam alterações estruturais no sistema nervoso. Essas podem refletir modificações benéficas à plasticidade cerebral, em resposta ao aumento da atividade imposta pela aprendizagem motora e exercícios físicos. Todavia, efeitos estruturais, com potencial implicação para o auxílio em reabilitação de problemas neurológicos, não são bem entendido...

  19. Cerebral venous thrombosis after spinal anesthesia: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flora Margarida Barra Bisinotto

    2017-05-01

    . Descrevemos um caso de um paciente submetido à raquianestesia que apresentou cefaleia no período pós-operatório complicada com TVC. Relato de caso: Paciente de 30 anos, ASA 1, submetido à cirurgia de artroscopia de joelho sob raquianestesia, sem intercorrências. Quarenta e oito horas após o procedimento apresentou cefaleia frontal, ortostática, que melhorava com o decúbito. Foi feito diagnóstico de sinusite em pronto socorro geral e recebeu medicação sintomática. Nos dias subsequentes teve pioria da cefaleia, que passou a ter localização holocraniana e mais intensa e com pequena melhora com o decúbito dorsal. Evoluiu com hemiplegia esquerda seguida de convulsões tônico-clônicas generalizadas. Foi submetido à ressonância magnética com venografia que fez o diagnóstico de TVC. A pesquisa para fatores pró-coagulantes identificou a presença de anticorpo lúpico. Recebeu como medicamentos anticonvulsivantes e anticoagulantes e teve alta hospitalar em oito dias, sem sequelas. Discussão: Qualquer paciente que apresente cefaleia postural após uma raquianestesia, e que intensifica após um platô, perca sua característica ortostática ou se torne muito prolongada, deve ser submetido a exames de imagem para excluir complicações mais sérias como a TVC. A perda de líquido cefalorraquidiano leva à dilatação e à estase venosa, que, associadas à tração provocada pela posição ereta, podem, em alguns pacientes com estados protrombóticos, levar à TVC. Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, Complications post-dural puncture headache, Cerebral venous thrombosis, Palavras-chave: Raquianestesia, Complicações cefaleia pós-punção da dura-máter, Trombose venosa cerebral

  20. Indicadores da evolução do paciente com paralisia cerebral e disfagia orofaríngea após intervenção terapêutica Evolution indicators of patients with cerebral palsy and oropharyngeal dysphagia after therapeutic intervention

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Castelli Silvério

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a evolução na função de alimentação e estabilidade clínica de crianças com paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica após intervenção terapêutica. MÉTODOS: Foram levantados em prontuário médico, antes e após a terapia, os dados de classificação da funcionalidade da alimentação (escala FOIS e grau de disfagia, consistências alimentares e sinais sugestivos de penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal de 36 crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos sujeitos alimentava-se com preparo especial, antes e após a intervenção, ocorrendo restrição de sólidos e líquidos no segundo momento. Houve diminuição da severidade da disfagia, redução de broncopneumonias e hipersecretividade pulmonar, aumento do peso e diminuição dos sinais sugestivos de penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal, exceto recusa alimentar e cianose. CONCLUSÃO: A intervenção fonoaudiológica, em conjunto com a equipe multidisciplinar em disfagia, promove maior funcionalidade da deglutição e diminuição dos sinais sugestivos de penetração e/ou aspiração traqueal, além de maior estabilidade clínica.PURPOSE: To verify the evolution in nutrition and clinical stability of children with spastic tetraparetic cerebral palsy, after therapeutic intervention. METHODS: Data from before and after the therapeutic process were raised from the medical records of 36 children with spastic cerebral palsy, regarding classification of functional oral intake (FOIS scale and degree of dysphagia, food consistency, and suggestive signs of penetration and/or tracheal aspiration. RESULTS: Most subjects were fed with special preparation, before and after intervention, with restrictions to solid and liquid foods in the second instance. It was observed decrease of the severity of dysphagia, reduction of the incidence of bronchopneumonia and pulmonary hypersecretion, weight increase, and reduction of suggestive

  1. Prediction of cerebral ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm in SAH using SPECT and 123I-IMP with acetazolamide test

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakagawara, Jyoji; Wada, Keiji; Takeda, Rihei; Usami, Takashi; Hashimoto, Ikuo; Shimazaki, Mitsuteru; Tanaka, Chiharu; Nakamura, Jun-ichi; Suematsu, Katsumi.

    1989-01-01

    To investigate the possibility of predicting cerebral ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), serial evaluation of the cerebral vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test was conducted, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and N-isopropyl 123 I-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP), in 17 patients with cerebral vasospasm following early surgery for ruptured aneurysms. The degree of vasospasm measured on the angiograms was classified into the following three types; mild degree (25%>stenosis), moderate degree (25∼50% stenosis), and severe degree(50%cerebral vasodilatory capacity was preserved at the normal level during the period of vasospasm. In eight patients with asymptomatic vasospasm (moderate degree), a transient limitation of cerebral vasodiratory capacity was observed between the 6th and 16th day after a rupture of the cerebral aneurysm. In five patients with symptomatic vasospasm resulting in reversible ischemia, a marked limitation of cerebral vasodilatory capacity was noted between the 7th and 15th day, and a delayed recovery of cerebral vasodilatory capacity was observed. This reversibility of cerebral vasodilatory capacity in patients with cerebral vasospasm suggests that a local decrease of purfusion pressure due to cerebral vasospasm causes compensatory vasodilation of intraparenchymal arteries and the vasodilatory reaction to acetazolamide was limited until the release of the cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, assessment of cerebral vasodilatory capacity in SAH by the acetazolamide test might predict the appearance and continuation of potential ischemia of the brain caused by the reduction of perfusion pressure due to cerebral vasospasm. (J.P.N.)

  2. Effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on cerebral blood flow and cerebral vasomotor reactivity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pichiorri, Floriana; Vicenzini, Edoardo; Gilio, Francesca; Giacomelli, Elena; Frasca, Vittorio; Cambieri, Chiara; Ceccanti, Marco; Di Piero, Vittorio; Inghilleri, Maurizio

    2012-08-01

    To determine whether intermittent theta burst stimulation influences cerebral hemodynamics, we investigated changes induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation on the middle cerebral artery cerebral blood flow velocity and vasomotor reactivity to carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in healthy participants. The middle cerebral artery flow velocity and vasomotor reactivity were monitored by continuous transcranial Doppler sonography. Changes in cortical excitability were tested by transcranial magnetic stimulation. In 11 healthy participants, before and immediately after delivering intermittent theta burst stimulation, we tested cortical excitability measured by the resting motor threshold and motor evoked potential amplitude over the stimulated hemisphere and vasomotor reactivity to CO(2) bilaterally. The blood flow velocity was monitored in both middle cerebral arteries throughout the experimental session. In a separate session, we tested the effects of sham stimulation under the same experimental conditions. Whereas the resting motor threshold remained unchanged before and after stimulation, motor evoked potential amplitudes increased significantly (P = .04). During and after stimulation, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities also remained bilaterally unchanged, whereas vasomotor reactivity to CO(2) increased bilaterally (P = .04). The sham stimulation left all variables unchanged. The expected intermittent theta burst stimulation-induced changes in cortical excitability were not accompanied by changes in cerebral blood flow velocities; however, the bilateral increased vasomotor reactivity suggests that intermittent theta burst stimulation influences the cerebral microcirculation, possibly involving subcortical structures. These findings provide useful information on hemodynamic phenomena accompanying intermittent theta burst stimulation, which should be considered in research aimed at developing this noninvasive, low-intensity stimulation technique for safe

  3. Quantification of extra-cerebral and cerebral hemoglobin concentrations during physical exercise using time-domain near infrared spectroscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Auger, Héloïse; Bherer, Louis; Boucher, Étienne; Hoge, Richard; Lesage, Frédéric; Dehaes, Mathieu

    2016-10-01

    Fitness is known to have beneficial effects on brain anatomy and function. However, the understanding of mechanisms underlying immediate and long-term neurophysiological changes due to exercise is currently incomplete due to the lack of tools to investigate brain function during physical activity. In this study, we used time-domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) to quantify and discriminate extra-cerebral and cerebral hemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation ( SO 2 ) in young adults at rest and during incremental intensity exercise. In extra-cerebral tissue, an increase in deoxy-hemoglobin ( HbR ) and a decrease in SO 2 were observed while only cerebral HbR increased at high intensity exercise. Results in extra-cerebral tissue are consistent with thermoregulatory mechanisms to dissipate excess heat through skin blood flow, while cerebral changes are in agreement with cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) redistribution mechanisms to meet oxygen demand in activated regions during exercise. No significant difference was observed in oxy- ( HbO 2 ) and total hemoglobin ( HbT ). In addition HbO 2 , HbR and HbT increased with subject's peak power output (equivalent to the maximum oxygen volume consumption; VO 2 peak) supporting previous observations of increased total mass of red blood cells in trained individuals. Our results also revealed known gender differences with higher hemoglobin in men. Our approach in quantifying both extra-cerebral and cerebral absolute hemoglobin during exercise may help to better interpret past and future continuous-wave NIRS studies that are prone to extra-cerebral contamination and allow a better understanding of acute cerebral changes due to physical exercise.

  4. Sodium transport through the cerebral sodium-glucose transporter exacerbates neuron damage during cerebral ischaemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamazaki, Yui; Harada, Shinichi; Wada, Tetsuyuki; Yoshida, Shigeru; Tokuyama, Shogo

    2016-07-01

    We recently demonstrated that the cerebral sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) is involved in postischaemic hyperglycaemia-induced exacerbation of cerebral ischaemia. However, the associated SGLT-mediated mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we examined the involvement of cerebral SGLT-induced excessive sodium ion influx in the development of cerebral ischaemic neuronal damage. [Na+]i was estimated according to sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate fluorescence. In the in vitro study, primary cortical neurons were prepared from fetuses of ddY mice. Primary cortical neurons were cultured for 5 days before each treatment with reagents, and these survival rates were assessed using biochemical assays. In in vivo study, a mouse model of focal ischaemia was generated using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In these experiments, treatment with high concentrations of glucose induced increment in [Na+]i, and this phenomenon was suppressed by the SGLT-specific inhibitor phlorizin. SGLT-specific sodium ion influx was induced using a-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (a-MG) treatments, which led to significant concentration-dependent declines in neuronal survival rates and exacerbated hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell death. Moreover, phlorizin ameliorated these effects. Finally, intracerebroventricular administration of a-MG exacerbated the development of neuronal damage induced by MCAO, and these effects were ameliorated by the administration of phlorizin. Hence, excessive influx of sodium ions into neuronal cells through cerebral SGLT may exacerbate the development of cerebral ischaemic neuronal damage. © 2016 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

  5. Trombose de seios venosos cerebrais: Estudo de 15 casos e revisão de literatura Cerebral venous thrombosis: Study of fifteen cases and review of literature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Pereira Christo

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar uma série de 15 pacientes com trombose venosa cerebral (TVC e comparar os resultados com dados da literatura. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, transversal e descritivo, as características epidemiológicas, o quadro clínico, os fatores de risco e o prognóstico de 15 pacientes com TVC admitidos no serviço de Neurologia da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte no período de abril de 2007 a Dezembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico de TVC foi confirmado por exame de ressonância nuclear magnética de encéfalo em 14 casos e por angiografia cerebral em um caso. Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram o uso do anticoncepcional oral (40% e uma história prévia ou familiar de trombose venosa profunda. Trombofilia foi encontrada em dois pacientes (13%. O seio mais acometido foi o transverso (73%, seguido pelo sagital superior, em 53%. Quatro pacientes apresentaram acidente vascular cerebral e outros 5 apresentaram-se apenas com cefaleia isolada. Doze pacientes foram tratados com heparina e anticoagulação oral sequencial. CONCLUSÃO: A terapêutica com heparina na fase aguda seguida do anticoagulante oral demonstrou-se segura e eficaz na prevenção da progressão da doença, de sua recidiva e na rápida recuperação do quadro neurológico de todos os pacientes tratados. A TVC deve ser considerada no diagnóstico de cefaleia secundária mesmo em pacientes com ausência de outros sinais ou sintomas.OBJECTIVE: To analyze a series of 15 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT who had follow-ups at the neurology service of Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital from April, 2007 to December, 2008. These results were compared with data in literature. METHODS: Cases were evaluated by retrospective study of the epidemiologic characteristics, signs and symptoms, risk factors and prognosis of 15 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. RESULTS: Diagnoses were reached through magnetic resonance

  6. Inibição da atividade da citrato sintase cerebral em um modelo animal de sepse Inhibition of brain citrate synthase activity in an animal model of sepsis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giselli Scaini

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Um amplo corpo de evidência oriundo de estudos experimentais indica que a sepse se associa com um aumento da produção de espécies de oxigênio reativo, depleção de antioxidantes, e acúmulo de marcadores de estresse oxidativo. Além disto, a disfunção mitocondrial foi implicada na patogênese da síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos. A citrato sintase é uma enzima que se localiza no interior das células, na matriz mitocondrial, sendo uma etapa importante do ciclo de Krebs; esta enzima foi utilizada como um marcador enzimático quantitativo da presença de mitocôndrias intactas. Assim, investigamos a atividade da citrato sintase no cérebro de ratos submetidos ao modelo sepse com de ligadura e punção do ceco. MÉTODOS: Em diferentes horários (3, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas após cirurgia de ligadura e punção do ceco, seis ratos foram sacrificados por decapitação, sendo seus cérebros removidos e dissecados o hipocampo, estriato, cerebelo, córtex cerebral e córtex pré-frontal, e utilizados para determinação da atividade de citrato sintase. RESULTADOS: Verificamos que a atividade de citrato sintase no córtex pré-frontal estava inibida após 12, 24 e 48 horas da ligadura e punção do ceco. No córtex cerebral, esta atividade estava inibida após 3, 12, 24 e 48 horas da ligadura e punção do ceco. Por outro lado a citrato sintase não foi afetada no hipocampo, estriato e cerebelo até 48 horas após a ligadura e punção do ceco. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando-se que é bem descrito o comprometimento da energia decorrente da disfunção mitocondrial na sepse, e que o estresse oxidativo desempenha um papel essencial no desenvolvimento da sepse, acreditamos que o comprometimento da energia pode também estar evolvido nestes processos. Se a inibição da citrato sintase também ocorre em um modelo de sepse, é tentador especular que a redução do metabolismo cerebral pode provavelmente estar relacionada com a

  7. Therapeutic interventions in cerebral palsy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patel, Dilip R

    2005-11-01

    Various therapeutic interventions have been used in the management of children with cerebral palsy. Traditional physiotherapy and occupational therapy are widely used interventions and have been shown to be of benefit in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Evidence in support of the effectiveness of the neurodevelopmental treatment is equivocal at best. There is evidence to support the use and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in children with cerebral palsy. The effectiveness of many other interventions used in the treatment of cerebral palsy has not been clearly established based on well-controlled trials. These include: sensory integration, body-weight support treadmill training, conductive education, constraint-induced therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the Vojta method. This article provides an overview of salient aspects of popular interventions used in the management of children with cerebral palsy.

  8. Nanomedicine in cerebral palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Balakrishnan B

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Bindu Balakrishnan,1 Elizabeth Nance,1 Michael V Johnston,2 Rangaramanujam Kannan,3 Sujatha Kannan1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Cerebral palsy is a chronic childhood disorder that can have diverse etiologies. Injury to the developing brain that occurs either in utero or soon after birth can result in the motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits seen in cerebral palsy. Although the etiologies for cerebral palsy are variable, neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the brain injury irrespective of the etiology. Currently, there is no effective cure for cerebral palsy. Nanomedicine offers a new frontier in the development of therapies for prevention and treatment of brain injury resulting in cerebral palsy. Nanomaterials such as dendrimers provide opportunities for the targeted delivery of multiple drugs that can mitigate several pathways involved in injury and can be delivered specifically to the cells that are responsible for neuroinflammation and injury. These materials also offer the opportunity to deliver agents that would promote repair and regeneration in the brain, resulting not only in attenuation of injury, but also enabling normal growth. In this review, the current advances in nanotechnology for treatment of brain injury are discussed with specific relevance to cerebral palsy. Future directions that would facilitate clinical translation in neonates and children are also addressed. Keywords: dendrimer, cerebral palsy, neuroinflammation, nanoparticle, neonatal brain injury, G4OH-PAMAM

  9. Estudo comparativo do tono muscular na paralisia cerebral tetraparética em crianças com lesões predominantemente corticais ou subcorticais na tomografia computadorizada de crânio Comparative study of muscular tonus in spastic tetraparetic cerebral palsy in children with predominantly cortical and subcortical lesions in computerized tomography of the skull

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Iwabe

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar a distribuição e intensidade do tono muscular na paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica (PC-T, correlacionando os dados clínicos com a localização da lesão no sistema nervoso central. MÉTODO: Foram incluídas 12 crianças de dois a quatro anos de idade com lesões predominantemente corticais (seis crianças e subcorticais (seis crianças. O tono foi analisado nos membros superiores (MMSS e inferiores (MMII baseado no protocolo de Durigon e Piemonte. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significante quanto à intensidade e distribuição de tono em MMSS e MMII nos dois grupos. Comparando os MMSS e MMII de sujeitos do mesmo grupo, os MMII apresentaram mais assimetrias e maior intensidade do tono do que os MMSS. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, crianças com PC devido a lesões predominantemente corticais ou subcorticais apresentam déficit semelhante na modulação de tono, ocasionando distribuição simétrica e homogênea de hipertonia que predomina em MMII.OBJECTIVE: To compare distribution and intensity of muscular tonus in spastic tetraparetic cerebral palsy (CP, correlating the clinical data with lesion location in the central nervous system. METHOD: Twelve children aged two to four years old with predominantly cortical lesions (six children and subcortical lesions (six children were included. The tonus was analyzed in the upper (UULL and lower limbs (LLLL based on Durigon and Piemonte protocol. RESULT: There was no significant difference regarding tonus intensity and distribution in the UULL and LLLL in both groups. Comparing the upper and lower limbs of subjects in the same group, the LLLL presented more asymmetry and higher tonus intensity than the UULL. CONCLUSION: In this study children with CP as a result of predominantly cortical or subcortical lesions present a similar deficit in tonus modulation, causing a symmetric and homogeneous distribution of hypertonicity, which is predominant in the LLLL.

  10. Cerebral oxygen metabolism and cerebral blood flow in man during light sleep (stage 2)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, P L; Schmidt, J F; Holm, S

    1991-01-01

    We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) during light sleep (stage 2) in 8 young healthy volunteers using the Kety-Schmidt technique with 133Xe as the inert gas. Measurements were performed during wakefulness and light sleep as verified by standard...... polysomnography. Unlike our previous study in man showing a highly significant 25% decrease in CMRO2 during deep sleep (stage 3-4) we found a modest but statistically significant decrease of 5% in CMRO2 during stage 2 sleep. Deep and light sleep are both characterized by an almost complete lack of mental activity....... They differ in respect of arousal threshold as a stronger stimulus is required to awaken a subject from deep sleep as compared to light sleep. Our results suggest that during non-rapid eye movement sleep cerebral metabolism and thereby cerebral synaptic activity is correlated to cerebral readiness rather than...

  11. Cerebral fat embolism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakamoto, Toshihisa; Sawada, Yusuke; Yukioka, Tetsuo; Nishide, Kazuyuki; Yoshioka, Toshiharu

    1982-01-01

    A case of cerebral fat embolism is reported. A 18-year-old patient with multiple bone fractures was in semiconma immediately after an injury. Brain CT showed no brain swelling or intracranial hematoma. Hypoxemia and alcoholemia were noted on admission, which returned to normal without improvement of consciousness level. In addition, respiratory symptoms with positive radiographic changes, tachycardia, pyrexia, sudden drop in hemoglobin level, and sudden thrombocytopenia developed. These symptoms were compatible with Gurd's criteria of systemic fat embolism. Eight days after injury, multiple low density areas appeared on CT and disappeared within the subsequent two weeks, and subdural effusion with cerebral atrophy developed. These CT findings were not considered due to cerebral trauma. Diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism was made. The subdural effusion was drained. Neurologic and pulmonary recoveries took place slowly and one month following the injury the patient became alert and exhibited fully coordinated limb movement. The CT scans of the present case well corresponded with hitherto reported pathological findings. Petechiae in the white matter must have developed on the day of injury, which could not be detected by CT examination. It is suggested that some petechial regions fused to purpuras and then gradually resolved when they were detected as multiple low density areas on CT. CT in the purpuras phase would have shown these lesions as high density areas. These lesions must have healed with formation of tiny scars and blood pigment which were demonstrated as the disappearance of multiple low density areas by CT examination. Cerebral atrophy and subsequent subdural effusion developed as a result of demyelination. The patient took the typical clinical course of cerebral fat embolism and serial CT scans served for its assessment. (author)

  12. Habilidades comunicativas receptivas em criança com bilingüismo português-japonês e paralisia cerebral: relato de caso Communicative receptive ability in a child with cerebral palsy who is bilingual in portuguese -japanese: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Minoru Yoshimura

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever habilidades receptivas de uma criança com paralisia cerebral diplégica espástica, filha de brasileiros, nascida no Japão, exposta aos idiomas português e japonês. Método: Para a avaliação das habilidades receptivas foi realizada a observação do comportamento comunicativo por meio de atividades comunicativas, utilizando-se materiais lúdicos; provas de reconhecimento semântico, com o uso das figuras do ABFW e provas de discriminação auditiva. Nas atividades propostas utilizou-se dos idiomas português falado no Brasil e japonês. Também foi realizada a avaliação audiológica, que constou de imitânciometria e audiometria tonal liminar. Resultados: Na avaliação audiológica obteve resultados dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Nas atividades comunicativas demonstrou compreender ordens simples em contextos imediatos, com referenciais presentes e ausentes, em ambas as línguas. Apesar da gravidade do quadro motor e da criança não fazer uso de comunicação oral, a compreensão de conceitos nas duas línguas foi considerado satisfatória, demonstrando habilidades receptivas preservadas. A experimentação ambiental e a estimulação familiar permitiram o desenvolvimento da habilidade receptiva. Conclusões: Apesar da gravidade das alterações motoras, as capacidades intrínsecas desta criança, as possibilidades senso-perceptivas e estimulação ambiental favoreceram o desempenho receptivo nos idiomas japonês e português.The purpose of this study was to describe the receptive abilities of a child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, born to Brazilian parents in Japan, thus exposed to both Portuguese and Japanese. Method: In order to assess receptive abilities, communication behavior was observed during communicative activities occurring with play materials, through application of semantic recognition tests (pictures from the ABFW and auditory discrimination tests. During the

  13. Epilepsias com focos projetados na linha média: estudo com EEG quantitativo e topográfico (mapeamento cerebral

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    ANGHINAH RENATO

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudamos com EEG quantitativo e topográfico (mapeamento cerebral quatro pacientes com exames pregressos de EEG convencional mostrando foco de linha média. O estudo quantitativo revelou-se mais preciso na definição do foco, localizando o seu hemisfério de origem e definindo a atividade focal como parassagital. Estes achados deverão ser validados em estudos futuros com amostragem maior.

  14. Prediction of cerebral ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm in SAH using SPECT and sup 123 I-IMP with acetazolamide test

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nakagawara, Jyoji; Wada, Keiji; Takeda, Rihei; Usami, Takashi; Hashimoto, Ikuo; Shimazaki, Mitsuteru; Tanaka, Chiharu; Nakamura, Jun-ichi (Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo (Japan)); Suematsu, Katsumi

    1989-11-01

    To investigate the possibility of predicting cerebral ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), serial evaluation of the cerebral vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test was conducted, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and N-isopropyl {sup 123}I-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP), in 17 patients with cerebral vasospasm following early surgery for ruptured aneurysms. The degree of vasospasm measured on the angiograms was classified into the following three types; mild degree (25%>stenosis), moderate degree (25{approx}50% stenosis), and severe degree(50%cerebral vasodilatory capacity was preserved at the normal level during the period of vasospasm. In eight patients with asymptomatic vasospasm (moderate degree), a transient limitation of cerebral vasodiratory capacity was observed between the 6th and 16th day after a rupture of the cerebral aneurysm. In five patients with symptomatic vasospasm resulting in reversible ischemia, a marked limitation of cerebral vasodilatory capacity was noted between the 7th and 15th day, and a delayed recovery of cerebral vasodilatory capacity was observed. This reversibility of cerebral vasodilatory capacity in patients with cerebral vasospasm suggests that a local decrease of purfusion pressure due to cerebral vasospasm causes compensatory vasodilation of intraparenchymal arteries and the vasodilatory reaction to acetazolamide was limited until the release of the cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, assessment of cerebral vasodilatory capacity in SAH by the acetazolamide test might predict the appearance and continuation of potential ischemia of the brain caused by the reduction of perfusion pressure due to cerebral vasospasm. (J.P.N.).

  15. Repercussão do acidente vascular cerebral na aprendizagem da criança

    OpenAIRE

    Sonia das Dores Rodrigues

    2008-01-01

    Resumo: A doença cerebrovascular (DCV) é considerada rara na infância, com incidência aproximada de 2.3 a 2.5/100.000 crianças/ano. Comparando-se aos estudos realizados na idade adulta, na infância os estudos ainda são raros e, em geral, a idéia passada pela literatura é que essa doença não traz maiores repercussões para o futuro desses indivíduos. Entretanto, pesquisas realizadas a partir da última década, principalmente, vêm demonstrando que o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) pode compromet...

  16. Monitoring of cerebral haemodynamics in newborn infants

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liem, K Djien; Greisen, Gorm

    2010-01-01

    The most important cerebrovascular injuries in newborn infants, particularly in preterm infants, are cerebral haemorrhage and ischemic injury. The typical cerebral vascular anatomy and the disturbance of cerebral haemodynamics play important roles in the pathophysiology. The term 'cerebral haemod...

  17. [A case of severe asthma exacerbation complicated with cerebral edema and diffuse multiple cerebral micro-bleeds].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ohkura, Noriyuki; Fujimura, Masaki; Sakai, Asao; Fujita, Kentaro; Katayama, Nobuyuki

    2009-08-01

    A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for the treatment of severe asthma exacerbation. Her condition of asthma improved with systemic glucocorticosteroids, inhaled beta2-agonist, intravenous theophylline and inhaled anesthesia (isoflurane) under mechanical ventilation. Her consciousness was disturbed even after terminating isoflurane. Brain CT and MRI scan showed cerebral edema and diffuse multiple cerebral micro-bleeds. Glyceol, a hyperosmotic diuretic solution consisting of 10% glycerol and 5% fructose in saline, was administered to decrease cerebral edema. Her consciousness disturbance gradually recovered. Cerebral edema and hemorrhage improved. On the 69th hospital day, she was discharged from hospital without sequelae. This case is a rare one in which severe asthma exacerbation was complicated with cerebral edema and diffuse multiple cerebral hemorrhage. Inhaled anesthesia for asthma exacerbation should be used carefully to avoid delay of diagnosis of central nervous system complications.

  18. Recovery of cerebral blood flow in unilateral chronic subdural hematoma. The correlation with cerebral re-expansion in elders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nemoto, Akio

    2003-01-01

    CT and SPECT were used to investigate the relationship between cerebral re-expansion and changes in cerebral blood flow underneath hematoma in elderly patients after surgery for chronic unilateral subdural hematoma. I studied 22 patients with mild hematoma, aged 43 to 82 years (mean 67 years). The patients were placed in either Group A (under 70 years) or Group B (70 years or over) to observe postoperative changes. CT and SPECT examinations were conducted before surgery and 1, 7 and 30 days after surgery, 4 times in total. Cerebral re-expansion was represented by the re-expansion rate (PER) comparing the pre- and postoperative thickness of the maximal hematoma in CT images. The rate of cerebral re-expansion was slowed in Group B (p<0.01). Cerebral re-expansion was characterized by biphasic, rapid or gradual re-expansion on postoperative day 1 with a significant difference between groups (p<0.01). Before surgery, cerebral blood flow on the affected side correlated with age (p<0.01), thougn blood flow was diminished in both groups. After surgery, cerebral blood flow on the affected side exceeded that on the unaffected side in Group A and transiently increased on postoperative day 1. Cerebral blood flow improved after surgery in both groups, with a significant difference in those changes over time (p<0.01). In both groups, cerebral re-expansion on postoperative days 7 and 30 correlated with cerebral blood flow on the affected side (p<0.05). The present results suggest that improvement in cerebral blood flow on the affected side is delayed in elderly patients, due to slower postoperative cerebral re-expansion. (author)

  19. Being a woman, mother to a child with cerebral palsy Ser mujer madre de un niño portador de parálisis cerebral Ser mulher mãe de uma criança portadora de paralisia cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viviane Marten Milbrath

    2008-01-01

    del hijo portador de necesidades especiales.OBJETIVO: Conhecer o processo de adaptação vivenciado pela mulher, motivado pelo nascimento de um filho portador de paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: A investigação contemplou uma metodologia descritiva, exploratória à luz de uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo seis mulheres, mães de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral. A coleta dos dados foi realizada numa instituição que atende crianças portadoras de necessidades especiais, localizada em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. RESULTADOS: A análise dos dados revelou abdicação, pela mulher, da vida social, profissional e, até mesmo pessoal, em prol do cuidado de seu filho. Além disso, essas mães demonstraram necessitar de apoio psico-sócio-econômico familiar e das pessoas que as cercam, tanto durante o processo de adaptação e superação vivencial inicial, quanto durante todo o período do cuidado à criança. CONCLUSÃO: A mulher assume e vivencia a responsabilidade pelo cuidado do filho portador de necessidades especiais.

  20. Studies of cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kitamura, Shin

    1983-01-01

    Cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of 25 patients with Parkinson's disease were studied. The rCBF was measured with the intra-arterial Xe-133 injection method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Sixty four % of Parkinson's disease patients showed ventricular dilation, and 76% of Parkinson's disease patients showed cortical atrophy on the CT scan, but we had to allow for the effects of the natural aging process on these results. 2) No correlation was recognized either between cerebral atrophy and the severity of Parkinson's disease, or between cerebral atrophy and the duration of Parkinson's disease. 3) In Parkinson's disease patients, the mean rCBF was lower than that of normal control subjects. The difference was even more remarkable in older patients. Only 40% of Parkinson's disease patients showed hyperfrontal pattern. 4) There was no correlation either between the mean rCBF and the severity of Parkinson's disease, or between the mean rCBF and the duration of Parkinson's disease. There was no significant difference between the mean rCBF of Parkinson's disease patients receiving levodopa and that of untreated patients. 5) The mean rCBF decreased in patients with cerebral atrophy on the CT scan. 6) Parkinson's disease patients with intellectual impairment showed cerebral atrophy and a remarkable decrease of the mean rCBF. 7) The effect of aging on cerebral atrophy on the CT scan had to be allowed for, but judging from the decrease of the mean rCBF, the cerebral cortex is evidently involved in Parkinson's disease. 8) The rCBF decline in Parkinson's disease patients may be related with the diminished cortical metabolic rate due to a remote effect of striatal dysfunction and a disturbance of mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. (J.P.N.)

  1. Studies of cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kitamura, Shin [Nippon Medical School, Tokyo

    1983-04-01

    Cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of 25 patients with Parkinson's disease were studied. The rCBF was measured with the intra-arterial Xe-133 injection method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Sixty four % of Parkinson's disease patients showed ventricular dilation, and 76% of Parkinson's disease patients showed cortical atrophy on the CT scan, but we had to allow for the effects of the natural aging process on these results. 2) No correlation was recognized either between cerebral atrophy and the severity of Parkinson's disease, or between cerebral atrophy and the duration of Parkinson's disease. 3) In Parkinson's disease patients, the mean rCBF was lower than that of normal control subjects. The difference was even more remarkable in older patients. Only 40% of Parkinson's disease patients showed hyperfrontal pattern. 4) There was no correlation either between the mean rCBF and the severity of Parkinson's disease, or between the mean rCBF and the duration of Parkinson's disease. There was no significant difference between the mean rCBF of Parkinson's disease patients receiving levodopa and that of untreated patients. 5) The mean rCBF decreased in patients with cerebral atrophy on the CT scan. 6) Parkinson's disease patients with intellectual impairment showed cerebral atrophy and a remarkable decrease of the mean rCBF. 7) The effect of aging on cerebral atrophy on the CT scan had to be allowed for, but judging from the decrease of the mean rCBF, the cerebral cortex is evidently involved in Parkinson's disease. 8) The rCBF decline in Parkinson's disease patients may be related with the diminished cortical metabolic rate due to a remote effect of striatal dysfunction and a disturbance of mesocortical dopaminergic pathways.

  2. Evaluation of <em>HER2em> Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Nuclei Microarray <em>in em>S>itu em>Hybridization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuefeng Zhang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Fluorescence<em> em>>in situ em>hybridization (FISH assay is considered the “gold standard” in evaluating <em>HER2/neu (HER2em> gene status. However, FISH detection is costly and time consuming. Thus, we established nuclei microarray with extracted intact nuclei from paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues for FISH detection. The nuclei microarray FISH (NMFISH technology serves as a useful platform for analyzing <em>HER2em> gene/chromosome 17 centromere ratio. We examined <em>HER2em> gene status in 152 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast that were resected surgically with FISH and NMFISH. <em>HER2em> gene amplification status was classified according to the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP. Comparison of the cut-off values for <em>HER2em>/chromosome 17 centromere copy number ratio obtained by NMFISH and FISH showed that there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods (κ coefficient 0.920. The results of the two methods were almost consistent for the evaluation of <em>HER2em> gene counts. The present study proved that NMFISH is comparable with FISH for evaluating <em>HER2em> gene status. The use of nuclei microarray technology is highly efficient, time and reagent conserving and inexpensive.

  3. Neonatal Phosphate Nutrition Alters <em>in em>Vivo> and <em>in em>Vitro> Satellite Cell Activity in Pigs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chad H. Stahl

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Satellite cell activity is necessary for postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Severe phosphate (PO4 deficiency can alter satellite cell activity, however the role of neonatal PO4 nutrition on satellite cell biology remains obscure. Twenty-one piglets (1 day of age, 1.8 ± 0.2 kg BW were pair-fed liquid diets that were either PO4 adequate (0.9% total P, supra-adequate (1.2% total P in PO4 requirement or deficient (0.7% total P in PO4 content for 12 days. Body weight was recorded daily and blood samples collected every 6 days. At day 12, pigs were orally dosed with BrdU and 12 h later, satellite cells were isolated. Satellite cells were also cultured <em>in vitroem> for 7 days to determine if PO4 nutrition alters their ability to proceed through their myogenic lineage. Dietary PO4 deficiency resulted in reduced (<em>P> < 0.05 sera PO4 and parathyroid hormone (PTH concentrations, while supra-adequate dietary PO4 improved (<em>P> < 0.05 feed conversion efficiency as compared to the PO4 adequate group. <em>In vivoem> satellite cell proliferation was reduced (<em>P> < 0.05 among the PO4 deficient pigs, and these cells had altered <em>in vitroem> expression of markers of myogenic progression. Further work to better understand early nutritional programming of satellite cells and the potential benefits of emphasizing early PO4 nutrition for future lean growth potential is warranted.

  4. Cerebral blood measurements in cerebral vascular disease: methodological and clinical aspects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fieschi, C.; Lenzi, G.L.

    1982-01-01

    This paper is devoted mainly to studies performed on acute cerebral vascular disease with the invasive techniques for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The principles of the rCBF method are outlined and the following techniques are described in detail: xenon-133 inhalation method, xenon-133 intravenous method and emission tomography methods. (C.F.)

  5. CT classification and clinical prognosis of cerebral infarction in the area of middle cerebral artery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konno, Jyoji

    1983-01-01

    Computerized tomographies (CT) were repeatedly scanned on 70 patients with cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral artery. Low density area (LDA) was measured with HounFsfield's Unit (HU) and studied on the progressive changes. Classification of LDA was attempted and studied on correlation with mass effect, contrast enhancement, angiographical findings, clinical symptoms and prognosis. It was considered that important points of diagnosis of cerebral infarction were timing of examination of CT and determination of LDA with HUF. It was also thought that CT classification of LDA was usefull to estimate prognosis of the patients with cerebral infarction. (author)

  6. Endocardite aórtica e tricúspide em pacientes de hemodiálise com embolia sistêmica e pulmonar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Aguiar Rosa

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo relata o caso de um homem caucasiano de 43 anos de idade com nefropatia terminal em tratamento com hemodiálise e apresentando endocardite infecciosa das válvulas aórtica e tricúspide. O quadro clínico foi dominado pelo comprometimento neurológico, devido à embolia cerebral e a componentes hemorrágicos. Uma tomografia computadorizada tóraco-abdominal revelou um êmbolo séptico pulmonar. O paciente foi submetido à antibioticoterapia empírica utilizando ceftriaxona, gentamicina e vancomicina, sendo o tratamento modificado para flucloxacilina e gentamicina após o isolamento de S. aureus nas hemoculturas. A equipe multidisciplinar determinou que o paciente deveria ser submetido à substituição de válvulas após estabilização da hemorragia intracraniana; contudo, no oitavo dia após a hospitalização, o paciente entrou em parada cardíaca causada por embolia séptica pulmonar maciça, vindo a falecer. Apesar do risco de agravamento da lesão hemorrágica cerebral, em pacientes de alto risco deveria ser considerado realizar precocemente uma intervenção cirúrgica.

  7. Relation of plasma homocyst(e)ine to cerebral infarction and cerebral atherosclerosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoo, J H; Chung, C S; Kang, S S

    1998-12-01

    A number of investigations support the theory that the elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine is associated with occlusive vascular disease. The aim of this study is to examine whether moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction. In addition, we examined the association between plasma homocyst(e)ine and the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study with 140 male controls and 78 male patients with nonfatal cerebral infarction, aged between 39 and 82 years. Plasma homocyst(e)ine levels were analyzed in 218 subjects. Fifty-five patients were evaluated for cerebral vascular stenosis by MR angiography. The mean plasma level of homocyst(e)ine was higher in cases than in controls (11.8+/-5.6 versus 9.6+/-4.1 micromol/L; P=0.002). The proportion of subjects with moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inemia was significantly higher in cases than in controls (16.7% versus 5.0%; P=0.004). Based on the logistic regression model, the odds ratio of the highest 5% of homocyst(e)ine levels in control group was 4.17 (95% confidence interval, 3.71 to 4. 71)(P=0.0001). After additional adjustment for total cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and age, the odds ratio was 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.48 to 1.95) (P=0.0001). The plasma homocyst(e)ine levels of patients having vessels with 3 or 2 stenosed sites were significantly higher than those of patients having vessels with 1 stenosed site or normal vessels (14.6+/-1.4, 11.0+/-1.4 versus 7.8+/-1.5, 8.9+/-1.4 micromol/L respectively; P<0. 02). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that moderate hyperhomocyst(e)ienemia was significantly associated with the number of stenosed vessels (P=0.001). These findings suggest that moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction and may predict the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis in patients with cerebral infarction.

  8. Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gerzanich, Volodymyr; Simard, J Marc

    2015-01-01

    Advancements in molecular biology have led to a greater understanding of the individual proteins responsible for generating cerebral edema. In large part, the study of cerebral edema is the study of maladaptive ion transport. Following acute CNS injury, cells of the neurovascular unit, particularly brain endothelial cells and astrocytes, undergo a program of pre- and post-transcriptional changes in the activity of ion channels and transporters. These changes can result in maladaptive ion transport and the generation of abnormal osmotic forces that, ultimately, manifest as cerebral edema. This review discusses past models and current knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of cerebral edema. PMID:26661240

  9. Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Transsphenoidal Resection of a Craniopharyngioma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ricarte, Irapuá Ferreira; Funchal, Bruno F; Miranda Alves, Maramélia A; Gomes, Daniela L; Valiente, Raul A; Carvalho, Flávio A; Silva, Gisele S

    2015-09-01

    Vasospasm has been rarely described as a complication associated with craniopharyngioma surgery. Herein we describe a patient who developed symptomatic vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after transsphenoidal surgery for a craniopharyngioma. A 67-year-old woman became drowsy 2 weeks after a transsphenoidal resection of a craniopharyngioma. A head computed tomography (CT) was unremarkable except for postoperative findings. Electroencephalogram and laboratory studies were within the normal limits. A repeated CT scan 48 hours after the initial symptoms showed bilateral infarcts in the territory of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) showed increased blood flow velocities in both anterior cerebral arteries (169 cm/second in the left ACA and 145 cm/second in the right ACA) and right middle cerebral artery (164 cm/second) compatible with vasospasm. A CT angiography confirmed the findings. She was treated with induced hypertension and her level of consciousness improved. TCD velocities normalized after 2 weeks. Cerebral vasospasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with altered neurologic status in the postoperative period following a craniopharyngioma resection. Copyright © 2015 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Brain tissue aspiration neural tube defect Aspiração de tecido cerebral em casos de defeitos de fechamento do tubo neural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Cesar Peres

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available The study aimed to find out how frequent is brain tissue aspiration and if brain tissue heterotopia could be found in the lung of human neural tube defect cases. Histological sections of each lobe of both lungs of 22 fetuses and newborn with neural tube defect were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP. There were 15 (68.2% females and 7 (31.8% males. Age ranged from 18 to 40 weeks of gestation (mean= 31.8. Ten (45.5% were stillborn, the same newborn, and 2 (9.1% were abortuses. Diagnosis were: craniorrhachischisis (9 cases, 40.9%, anencephaly (8 cases, 36,4%, ruptured occipital encephalocele and rachischisis (2 cases, 9.1% each, and early amniotic band disruption sequence (1 case, 4.5%. Only one case (4.5% exhibited GFAP positive cells inside bronchioles and alveoli admixed to epithelial amniotic squames. No heterotopic tissue was observed in the lung interstitium. We concluded that aspiration of brain tissue from the amniotic fluid in neural tube defect cases may happen but it is infrequent and heterotopia was not observed.O objetivo do estudo foi identificar qual a freqüência de aspiração de tecido cerebral e a existência de heterotopia nos pulmões de casos humanos de defeito de fechamento do tubo neural através da reação imuno-histoquímica para proteína fibrilar glial ácida (GFAP em cortes histológicos de todos os lobos de ambos os pulmões de 22 casos de fetos e neonatos com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural. Havia 15 casos femininos (68,2% e 7 masculinos (31,8%, com idade gestacional variando de 18 a 40 semanas (média= 31,8, sendo natimortos e neomortos 10 (45,5% cada e 2 (9,1% abortos. Os diagnósticos foram: Craniorraquisquise (9 casos, 40,9%, anencefalia (8 casos, 36,4%, encefalocele occipital rota e raquisquise (2 casos, 9,1% e 1 (4,5%caso de seqüência de disruptura amniótica precoce. Somente 1 caso (4,5% apresentou células positivas dentro de bronquíolos e alvéolos em meio a células epiteliais

  11. O BERA como instrumento de avaliação funcional do tronco cerebral em cirurgias com hipotermia profunda e parada circulatória total The ABR as a tool in the evaluation of brainstem function in surgeries with deep hypothermia and total cardiac arrest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Carlos Alves de Sousa

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Monitoramento do tronco cerebral através da análise dos traçados do BERA em cirurgia cardíaca com hipotermia profunda e parada circulatória total (PCT, registrando a recuperação funcional (eletrofisiológica do tronco cerebral. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte Longitudinal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados o comportamento do traçado do BERA de 8 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca com hipotermia profunda e PCT para correção de aneurisma de aorta torácica. Etapas: resfriamento corporal até 18ºC C; PCT por até 60 minutos; reaquecimento. Registros do BERA: 35ºC, 32ºC, 26ºC, 18ºC, 27ºC, 35ºC. RESULTADOS: Os traçados iniciais (35ºC se apresentavam normais. Aos 26ºC há o desaparecimento de todas as ondas. Aos 18ºC o traçado do BERA mostrava um padrão isoelétrico. Aos 27ºC, recuperação das ondas I, III e V. A partir de 35ºC as latências das ondas retornam ao normal. CONCLUSÃO: O BERA constitui-se em competente instrumento de monitoramento da integridade funcional do tronco cerebral em cirurgia cardíaca com hipotermia profunda e PCT. As ondas desaparecem no período de resfriamento corporal, atingem um padrão isoelétrico a 18ºC, e reaparecem durante o reaquecimento. No final do procedimento, os médicos anestesistas não dispõem de exame clínico fidedigno para acessar a integridade funcional do tronco cerebral, devido ao uso de drogas depressoras do SNC. O reaparecimento das ondas do BERA é o parâmetro proposto para este fim. A manutenção do padrão isoelétrico após o reaquecimento corporal sugere grave comprometimento funcional do tronco cerebral.AIM: The authors propose the use of ABR as an instrument for the detection of brainstem dysfunction in the trans- and post-operatory period of surgeries with total circulatory arrest (TCA and deep hypothermia for correction of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal Cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eight adult patients that underwent

  12. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during isoflurane-induced hypotension in patients subjected to surgery for cerebral aneurysms

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, J B; Cold, G E; Hansen, E S

    1987-01-01

    Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen were measured during isoflurane-induced hypotension in 10 patients subjected to craniotomy for clipping of a cerebral aneurysm. Flow and metabolism were measured 5-13 days after the subarachnoid haemorrhage by a modification of the classi......Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen were measured during isoflurane-induced hypotension in 10 patients subjected to craniotomy for clipping of a cerebral aneurysm. Flow and metabolism were measured 5-13 days after the subarachnoid haemorrhage by a modification......). Controlled hypotension to an average MAP of 50-55 mm Hg was induced by increasing the dose of isoflurane, and maintained at an inspired concentration of 2.2 +/- 0.2%. This resulted in a significant decrease in CMRO2 (to 1.73 +/- 0.16 ml/100 g min-1), while CBF was unchanged. After the clipping...

  13. A clinical study of cerebral vaso paralysis during a period of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watanabe, Toshiichi; Sasaki, Takehiko; Nakagawara, Jyoji

    2011-01-01

    We employ the 123 I-infinitum (Imp) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dual table autoradiography (Arg) method and stereotactic extraction estimation (SEE) analysis 7 or 8 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) onset to predict cerebral vasospasm. We report new findings of cerebral vasoparalysis during a period of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. From January 1, 2005 to April 30, 2008, we encountered 330 cases of aneurysmal SAH, and treated 285 cases. Of these, 65 were excluded as unsuitable for this study, for reasons such as lack of SPECT data, external decompression, admission over 7 days from SAH onset. We studied 220 cases treated by microsurgical clipping (n=178) or endovascular coil embolization (n=42). Vasoparalysis was defined as a rise in resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and a loss of vascular reserve on SEE analysis of CBF-SPECT. Vasoparalysis occurred in 15 cases (6.8%). Of these, 9 cases (60.0%) had cerebral hematoma, temporary clips had been used in the operation for 8 cases (53.3%), 9 cases (60.0%) experienced postoperative cerebral infarction, and 3 cases (20.0%) had postoperative convulsions. Vasoparalysis occurs in relation to perioperative cerebral damage. In terms of the loss of vascular reserve following SAH, vasoparalysis resembles hemodynamic cerebral ischemia, although the conditions are quite different. Differentiating between these 2 conditions is important, as different forms of management are required. Dual table ARG and SEE analysis are very useful for the evaluating these 2 conditions. (author)

  14. Cerebral toksoplasmose primaert diagnosticeret som tumor

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cortsen, M E; Skøt, J; Skriver, E B

    1992-01-01

    Three cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis as the presenting manifestation of AIDS are reported. The initial diagnoses were brain tumors because of the cerebral mass lesions which resembled glioblastoma. In the light of the increasing occurrence of AIDS, attention is drawn to cerebral toxoplasmosis...

  15. Clinical significance of determination of plasma NPY levels and serum lipid profile in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Fujuan; Shen Airong; Yang Yongqing

    2010-01-01

    Objective: To study the clinical significance of changes of plasma NPY levels and serum lipid profile in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. Methods: Plasma NPY levels (with RIA) and serum lipid profile (with biochemistry) were determined in (1) 48 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage (2) 46 patients with acute cerebral infarction and (3) controls.Results Plasma NPY levels in both patients with cerebral hemorrhage and patients with cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: NPY played important roles in the development and pathogenesis of cerebral vascular accidents. Lipid profile changes was the basic etiological factor. (authors)

  16. Clinical application of cerebral dynamic perfusion studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    DeLand, F.H.

    1975-01-01

    Radionuclide cerebral perfusion studies are assuming a far greater importance in the detection and differential diagnosis of cerebral lesions. Perfusion studies not only contribute to the differential diagnosis of lesions but in certain cases are the preferred methods by which more accurate clinical interpretations can be made. The characteristic blood flow of arterio-venous malformations readily differentiates this lesion from neoplasms. The decreased perfusion or absent perfusion observed in cerebral infarctions is diagnostic without concurrent evidence from static images. Changes in rates and direction of blood flow contribute fundamental information to the status of stenosis and vascular occlusion and, in addition, offer valuable information on the competency and routes of collateral circulation. The degree of cerebral perfusion after cerebral vascular accidents appears to be directly related to patient recovery, particularly muscular function. Cerebral perfusion adds a new parameter in the diagnosis of subdural haematomas and concussion and in the differentiation of obscuring radioactivity from superficial trauma. Although pictorial displays of perfusion blood flow will offer information in most cerebral vascular problems, the addition of computer analysis better defines temporal relationships of regional blood flow, quantitative changes in flow and the detection of the more subtle increases or decreases in cerebral blood flow. The status of radionuclide cerebral perfusion studies has taken on an importance making it the primary modality for the diagnosis of cerebral lesions. (author)

  17. What makes children with cerebral palsy vulnerable to malnutrition? Findings from the Bangladesh cerebral palsy register (BCPR).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jahan, Israt; Muhit, Mohammad; Karim, Tasneem; Smithers-Sheedy, Hayley; Novak, Iona; Jones, Cheryl; Badawi, Nadia; Khandaker, Gulam

    2018-04-16

    To assess the nutritional status and underlying risk factors for malnutrition among children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh. We used data from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register; a prospective population based surveillance of children with cerebral palsy aged 0-18 years in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh (i.e., Shahjadpur). Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric measurements were collected using Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register record form. Z scores were calculated using World Health Organization Anthro and World Health Organization AnthroPlus software. A total of 726 children with cerebral palsy were registered into the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register (mean age 7.6 years, standard deviation 4.5, 38.1% female) between January 2015 and December 2016. More than two-third of children were underweight (70.0%) and stunted (73.1%). Mean z score for weight for age, height for age and weight for height were -2.8 (standard deviation 1.8), -3.1 (standard deviation 2.2) and -1.2 (standard deviation 2.3) respectively. Moderate to severe undernutrition (i.e., both underweight and stunting) were significantly associated with age, monthly family income, gross motor functional classification system and neurological type of cerebral palsy. The burden of undernutrition is high among children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh which is augmented by both poverty and clinical severity. Enhancing clinical nutritional services for children with cerebral palsy should be a public health priority in Bangladesh. Implications for Rehabilitation Population-based surveillance data on nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh indicates substantially high burden of malnutrition among children with CP in rural Bangladesh. Children with severe form of cerebral palsy, for example, higher Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, tri/quadriplegic cerebral palsy presents the highest proportion of severe malnutrition; hence, these

  18. [Advances in genetic research of cerebral palsy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Fang-Fang; Luo, Rong; Qu, Yi; Mu, De-Zhi

    2017-09-01

    Cerebral palsy is a group of syndromes caused by non-progressive brain injury in the fetus or infant and can cause disabilities in childhood. Etiology of cerebral palsy has always been a hot topic for clinical scientists. More and more studies have shown that genetic factors are closely associated with the development of cerebral palsy. With the development and application of various molecular and biological techniques such as chromosome microarray analysis, genome-wide association study, and whole exome sequencing, new achievements have been made in the genetic research of cerebral palsy. Chromosome abnormalities, copy number variations, susceptibility genes, and single gene mutation associated with the development of cerebral palsy have been identified, which provides new opportunities for the research on the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy. This article reviews the advances in the genetic research on cerebral palsy in recent years.

  19. Post Traumatic Cerebral Oedema in Severe Head Injury is Related to Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure but not to Cerebral Compliance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    U Nujaimin

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available This was a prospective cohort study, carried out in the Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Kelantan. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and was conducted between November 2005 and September 2007 with a total of 30 patients included in the study. In our study, univariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between mean intracranial pressure (ICP as well as cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP with both states of basal cistern and the degree of diffuse injury and oedema based on the Marshall classification system. The ICP was higher while CPP and compliance were lower whenever the basal cisterns were effaced in cases of cerebral oedema with Marshall III and IV. In comparison, the study revealed lower ICP, higher mean CPP and better mean cerebral compliance if the basal cisterns were opened or the post operative CT brain scan showed Marshall I and II. These findings suggested the surgical evacuation of clots to reduce the mass volume and restoration of brain anatomy may reduce vascular engorgement and cerebral oedema, therefore preventing intracranial hypertension, and improving cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebral compliance. Nevertheless the study did not find any significant relationship between midline shifts and mean ICP, CPP or cerebral compliance even though lower ICP, higher CPP and compliance were frequently observed when the midline shift was less than 0.5 cm. As the majority of our patients had multiple and diffuse brain injuries, the absence of midline shift did not necessarily mean lower ICP as the pathology was bilateral and even when after excluding the multiple lesions, the result remained insignificant. We assumed that the CT brain scan obtained after evacuation of the mass lesion to assess the state basal cistern and classify the diffuse oedema may prognosticate the intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure

  20. Expression of HSP70 in cerebral ischemia and neuroprotetive action of hypothermia and ketoprofen Expressão de HSP70 na isquemia cerebral e a ação neuroprotetora da hipotermia e do cetoprofeno

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    Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Heat shock proteins (HSPs are molecular chaperones that bind to other proteins to shepherd them across membranes and direct them to specific locations within a cell. Several injurious stimuli can induce Hsp70 expression, including ischemia. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of expression of protein (immunohistochemistry and gene (real-time PCR Hsp70 in experimental focal cerebral ischemia in rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 hour and the role of neuroprotection with hypothermia (H and ketoprofen (K. The infarct volume was measured using morphometric analysis defined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. It was observed increases in the protein (p=0.0001 and gene (p=0.0001 Hsp70 receptor in the ischemic areas that were reduced by H (protein and gene: pProteínas de choque térmico (HSPs são chaperones moleculares que se ligam a outras proteínas para atravessar as membranas e encaminhá-las para locais específicos dentro de uma célula. Vários estímulos nocivos podem induzir a expressão de Hsp70, incluindo isquemia. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o padrão de expressão protéica (imunohistoquímica e gênica (PCR em tempo real de Hsp70 na isquemia cerebral focal experimental em ratos pela oclusão da artéria cerebral média durante 1 hora e o papel da neuroproteção com hipotermia (H e cetoprofeno (C. O volume de infarto foi calculado através da análise morfométrica definido por cloreto de trifenil tetrazólio. Foi observado aumento na expressão proteína (p=0,0001 e gênica (p=0,0001 de Hsp70 nas áreas isquêmicas que foram reduzidas pela H (proteína e gene: p<0,05, C (proteína: p<0,001 e H+K (proteína: p<0,01 e gene: p<0,05. O aumento de Hsp70 na área isquêmica sugere que a neuroexcitotoxicidade mediada pela Hsp70 desempenha um papel importante na morte celular e que o efeito neuroprotetor tanto da H quanto do C está diretamente envolvido com a Hsp70.

  1. Tomografia computadorizada em pacientes portadores de neurocisticercose com hipertensão intracraniana por hidrocefalia obstrutiva: comparação com ventriculografia com Dimer-X

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benedicto Oscar Colli

    1984-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudo das alterações observadas nas tomografias computadorizadas (TCs de 16 casos de neurocisticercose, com hipertensão intracraniana por hidrocefalia. Todos os casos foram submetidos a radiografias simples do crânio e 12, à ventriculografia com Dimer-X. Nas radiografias simples foram observados sinais de hipertensão intracraniana em 7, calcificações em um, e d foram normais. A TC mostrou parênquima cerebral normal em 9 casos e nos 7 restantes áreas hipodensas arredondadas de tamanho variado, com ou sem retenção de contraste na periferia, e/ou calcificações esparsas no parenquima. Hidrocefalia foi a única alteração observada no sistema ventricular nos casos em que o exame foi realizado previamente à derivação do LCR. As ventriculografias foram analisadas em trabalho anterior e permitiram localizar e determinar as características da obstrução e a presença de massas ocupando espaço dentro dos ventrículos. A comparação das ventriculografias e TCs realizadas na mesma época evidenciou que a primeira fornece melhores informações sobre o sistema ventricular mas, por outro lado, a tomografia fornece informações adicionais sobre o parênquima cerebral. A TC e a ventriculografia são exames que se completam na avaliação e no diagnóstico destes pacientes.

  2. Detecção da encefalopatia hepática subclínica por espectroscopia cerebral Detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Justo Schulz

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: A encefalopatia hepática é anormalidade neuropsiquiátrica comum em cirróticos e está associada com alterações típicas de determinados metabólitos cerebrais, como o decréscimo de mio-inositol e colina e o aumento de glutamina-glutamato, observadas na espectroscopia cerebral por ressonância magnética. OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis dos metabólitos cerebrais em pacientes cirróticos para diagnóstico da encefalopatia hepática em estágios iniciais. MÉTODOS Foram estudados 25 pacientes com cirrose hepática, do Serviço de Transplante Hepático da Universidade Federal do Paraná, através de avaliação clínica (exame neurológico e testes neuropsicométricos e espectroscopia por ressonância magnética cerebral. A área espectral estudada por ressonância magnética envolveu a região occipital (substância branca e cinzenta. Trinta voluntários sadios formaram o grupo controle. RESULTADOS: A encefalopatia hepática subclínica foi diagnosticada em 12 pacientes (48%. Reduções significativas nos índices de MI/Cr foram observadas nos pacientes com encefalopatia quando comparados aos controles (0,49±0,10 vs. 0,83±0,13; P BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy is a common neuro-psychiatric abnormality in liver cirrhosis associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern, such as a decrease of myo-inositol and cholina and increase of glutamine-glutamate, observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AIM: To determine cerebral metabolite ratios in liver cirrhosis patients with early stages of hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with chronic hepatic failure from Liver Transplantation Unit of the Federal University of Paraná were studied with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Localized magnetic resonance spectra were acquired in the occipital gray/white matter regions. Thirty healthy volunteers were also subjected to the same evaluations, making up the control group. RESULTS

  3. Surgical prophylaxis secundary to cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with patent foramen ovale Profilaxia cirúrgica secundária do acidente vascular cerebral ou ataque isquêmico transitório de origem indeterminada em pacientes com forame oval persistente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michele E.A. Guffi

    2003-09-01

    avoids recurrent stroke.INTRODUÇÃO: A prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC ou ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT de origem indeterminada recorrente em adultos com forame oval persistente (FOP representa um desafio terapêutico. O tratamento farmacológico antitrombótico é amplamente usado, mas a sua indicação é limitada, devido principalmente às suas importantes complicações. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a eficácia da atriosseptorrafia como profilaxia secundária do AVC ou AIT de origem indeterminada em pacientes com FOP. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 47 pacientes, sendo 31 homens e 16 mulheres com eventos isquêmicos cerebrais. Todos foram submetidos a fechamento cirúrgico direto do FOP. A idade media foi de 40 anos. Não foi achada causa concomitante do AVC ou AIT após investigações, as quais incluíram testes de coagulação sanguínea, ecocardiografia transesofágica de contraste (ETE, ultra-sonografia doppler transcraniana e extracraniana (UDT, monitorização eletrocardiográfica de 24 horas, ressonância magnética cerebral (RMC e tomografia axial computadorizada (TAC. Os critérios para indicação cirúrgica foram pelo menos dois dos seguintes eventos: aneurisma do septo interatrial, infartos cerebrais múltiplos, eventos cerebrais múltiplos e história de manobra de Valsalva antes do AVC ou AIT. RESULTADOS: Não ocorreram complicações durante ou após as operações. Quatro pacientes apresentaram arritmia transitória algumas horas após a operação, sem fibrilação atrial, nem instabilidade hemodinâmica ou embolismo. Todos os pacientes sobreviveram em classe I (NYHA e durante seguimento médio de 36 meses nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência do AVC ou AIT. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos prospectivamente a RMC e ETE de contraste com simultânea UDT. Apenas um paciente apresentou desvio residual direita-esquerda, menor do que o desvio pré-operatório, porém sem lesões na RMC. CONCLUSÃO: A atriosseptorrafia em pacientes com suspeita

  4. Cerebral hemodynamics in adult ischemic-type patients with moyamoya disease compared with those of atherothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Idei, Masaru; Yamane, Kanji; Nishida, Masahiro; Manabe, Kazufumi; Yokota, Akira

    2005-01-01

    We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in adult ischemic-type patients with moyamoya disease and in patients with atherothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to investigate cerebral hemodynamics in adult ischemic-type of moyamoya disease. In this study we measured rCBF and regional cerebro-vascular response (rCVR) using acetazolamide by Xe-non-enhanced CT. Our subjects consisted of 15 adult ischemic-type patients with moyamoya disease and 27 atherothrombotic stroke patients with proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The region of inter est was conducted in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territories as well as basal ganglia regions. rGBF was preserved in all regions of patients with moyamoya disease. However, rCVR severely decreased in the anterior circulation territory in patients with moyamoya disease compared with those of MCAO. These results suggest that rCBF in the anterior circulation territory of adult ischemic-type patients with moyamoya disease is preserved by vasodilation of the cerebral arteries, while cerebral hemodynamic reserve capacity is severely reduced. The results indicated that basal moyamoya vessels are dilated. These findings may be one of the reasons why stroke occurs more frequently in adult than child patients with moyamoya disease. (author)

  5. Visualização do manto cerebral após tratamento de hidrocéfalo congênito: relato de um caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Cavalcanti

    1986-06-01

    Full Text Available O propósito deste registro é relatar o caso de recém-nascido com hidrocefalia que, após derivação ventrículo-peritoneal passou a apresentar evolução próxima ao normal do ponto de vista neurológico, bem como visualização à tomografia computadorizada do manto cerebral não observado em exame feito anteriormente.

  6. Recurrent cerebral thrombosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iwamoto, Toshihiko; Abe, Shin-e; Kubo, Hideki; Hanyu, Haruo; Takasaki, Masaru

    1992-01-01

    Neuroradiological techniques were used to elucidate pathophysiology of recurrent cerebral thrombosis. Twenty-two patients with cerebral thrombosis who suffered a second attack under stable conditions more than 22 days after the initial stroke were studied. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were also seen in 20, 8, and 12 patients, respectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to their symptoms: (I) symptoms differed between the first and second strokes (n=12); (II) initial symptoms were suddenly deteriorated (n=6); and (III) symptoms occurring in groups I and II were seen (n=4). In group I, contralateral hemiparesis or suprabulbar palsy was often associated with the initial hemiparesis. The time of recurrent stroke varied from 4 months to 9 years. CT and MRI showed not only lacunae in both hemispheres, but also deep white-matter ischemia of the centrum semi-ovale. In group II, hemiparesis or visual field defect was deteriorated early after the initial stroke. In addition, neuroimaging revealed that infarction in the posterior cerebral artery was progressed on the contralateral side, or that white matter lesion in the middle artery was enlarged in spite of small lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere. All patients in group III had deterioration of right hemiparesis associated with aphasia. CT, MRI, SPECT, and angiography indicated deep white-matter ischemia caused by main trunk lesions in the left hemisphere. Group III seemed to be equivalent to group II, except for laterality of the lesion. Neuroradiological assessment of the initial stroke may help to predict the mode of recurrence, although pathophysiology of cerebral thrombosis is complicated and varies from patient to patient. (N.K.)

  7. Multi-modal assessment of neurovascular coupling during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion using remote middle cerebral artery occlusion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sutherland, Brad A; Fordsmann, Jonas C; Martin, Chris

    2017-01-01

    . Male Wistar rats were subjected to remote middle cerebral artery occlusion, where a long filament was advanced intraluminally through a guide cannula in the common carotid artery. Transcallosal stimulation evoked increases in blood flow, tissue oxygenation and neuronal activity, which were diminished...... that neurovascular dysfunction was not sustained. These data show for the first time that the rat remote middle cerebral artery occlusion model coupled with transcallosal stimulation provides a novel method for continuous assessment of hyperacute neurovascular coupling changes during ischaemia and reperfusion......Hyperacute changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion are important determinants of injury. Cerebral blood flow is regulated by neurovascular coupling, and disruption of neurovascular coupling contributes to brain plasticity and repair problems. However, it is unknown...

  8. Como avaliar a percepção de competência e aceitação social de crianças com paralisia cerebral?Estudo inicial para a determinação das propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance in Children with Cerebral Palsy How to measure children with cerebral palsy's perception of competence and social acceptance?Preliminary study to determinate the psychometric properties of the portuguese version of the Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance in Children with Cerebral Palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rui Manuel Nunes Corredeira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O principal objectivo deste estudo consistiu na determinação das propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Participaram neste estudo 108 crianças (60 rapazes e 48 raparigas com paralisia cerebral, com idades entre os 4 e os 9 anos, distribuídas em hemiplegicas, diplégicas e tetraplégicas e com um QI igual ou superior a 70. A maioria (n=98 frequentava o ensino regular, enquanto apenas 10 frequentavam escolas especiais. O instrumento foi aplicado num segundo momento a 41 das crianças, com um intervalo máximo de duas semanas. Os resultados da correlação de Pearson relativamente aos dois momentos (entre 0.80 e 0.98 bem como o valor do alfa de Cronbach (entre 0.69 e 0.93 evidenciam uma boa fiabilidade da versão portuguesa. Também os valores das inter-correlações entre as quatro subescalas (r=0.60 ou superior bem como os valores médios das respostas das crianças em função de diferentes características (idade, sexo, condição médica para as diferentes subescalas apoiam a validade interna do instrumento. Em suma, os resultados do nosso estudo, na sua globalidade, parecem confirmar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Dutch Pictorial Scale, pelo que esta parece constituir-se como um instrumento fiável e válido para a avaliação do modo como as crianças portuguesas com Paralisia Cerebral se percebem no domínio cognitivo, físico e social.The main purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance in Children with Cerebral Palsy. The sample was made up of 108 children (60 boys and 48 girls with cerebral palsy, aged between 4 and 9 years, who suffered hemiplegia, diplegia or quadriplegia and had an IQ of 70 or higher. Most of the children (n=98 attended regular schools (integrated in

  9. Hydrostatic determinants of cerebral perfusion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wagner, E.M.; Traystman, R.J.

    1986-01-01

    We examined the cerebral blood flow response to alterations in perfusion pressure mediated through decreases in mean arterial pressure, increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, and increases in jugular venous (JV) pressure in 42 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Each of these three pressures was independently controlled. Cerebral perfusion pressure was defined as mean arterial pressure minus JV or CSF pressure, depending on which was greater. Mean hemispheric blood flow was measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Despite 30-mm Hg reductions in mean arterial pressure or increases in CSF or JV pressure, CBF did not change as long as the perfusion pressure remained greater than approximately 60 mm Hg. However, whenever perfusion pressure was reduced to an average of 48 mm Hg, cerebral blood flow decreased 27% to 33%. These results demonstrate the capacity of the cerebral vascular bed to respond similarly to changes in the perfusion pressure gradient obtained by decreasing mean arterial pressure, increasing JV pressure or increasing CSF pressure, and thereby support the above definition of cerebral perfusion pressure

  10. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism in thalamic hemorrhage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yasui, Nobuyuki; Asakura, Ken

    1987-01-01

    Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were studied in 20 cases of thalamic hemorrhage using positron CT and 15 O labeled gas steady-state inhalation method. CBF reduction was limited around the thalamus in the small sized hematoma. CBF were significantly diminished in the mean cortical, parietal, temporal, basal ganglia and thalamic area ipsilateral and cerebellar cortex contralateral to the medium sized hematoma. There was bilateral and diffuse CBF reduction in the large sized hematoma which was caused by increased intracranial pressure. CMRO 2 value were similary changed as CBF. OEF change showed within normal limit. Diffuse CBV reduction was observed in the large sized hematoma. This reduction was the result of decreased vascular bed caused by mass effect of the hematoma and hydrocephalus. Effect of surgical treatment such as ventricular drainage and hematoma evacuation were also discussed in correlation to CBF in some case using positron and single photon ECT. (author)

  11. Inclusão de alunos com paralisia cerebral no ensino fundamental: contribuições da fisioterapia Inclusion of students with cerebral palsy in elementary education: contributions of physiotherapy

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    Simone Massaneiro Silva

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo apontar como o fisioterapeuta pode atuar no processo de inclusão de alunos com paralisia cerebral (PC no sistema regular de ensino. A presente pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas públicas municipais de ensino fundamental, pertencentes a uma Regional de Ensino da cidade de Curitiba. Cada escola foi visitada cinco vezes entre março e abril de 2009, para coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por três alunos com diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral, cognitivo preservado, alfabetizados, idades entre nove e 16 anos. Para avaliar os alunos foram utilizados dois instrumentos: o Protocolo de Observação e a Ficha de Avaliação Neurológica Qualitativa e Descritiva, do Instituto Pequeno Cotolengo do Paraná. Mediante os resultados encontrados foram estabelecidos os objetivos da atuação fisioterapêutica e realizadas intervenções específicas de acordo com as necessidades dos alunos participantes, no período de abril á junho de 2009. Após a realização do estudo, foi possível verificar que a atuação da Fisioterapia sobre a adequação de mobiliários e materiais, orientação para eliminação de barreiras arquitetônicas e conscientização dos profissionais envolvidos na educação, contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do aluno com paralisia cerebral no ambiente escolar.This study aimed to show how physiotherapists can contribute in the process of inclusion of students with cerebral palsy (CP in elementary education. The present study was undertaken at three public elementary schools in Curitiba. Each school was visited five times between March and April of 2009, for data collection. The sample was composed of three literate students, aged between nine and 16 years, with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, without cognitive impairment. To assess the students, two procedures were used: an Observation Protocol and the Descriptive and Qualitative Neurological Evaluation Card of Pequeno Cotolengo in Paraná. The

  12. Cerebral vasculitis associated with cocaine abuse

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaye, B.R.; Fainstat, M.

    1987-01-01

    A case of cerebral vasculitis in a previously healthy 22-year-old man with a history of cocaine abuse is described. Cerebral angiograms showed evidence of vasculitis. A search for possible causes other than cocaine produced no results. The authors include cocaine with methamphetamines, heroin, and ephedrine as illicit drugs that can cause cerebral vasculitis

  13. Fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ito, J.; Washiyama, K.; Hong Kim, C.; Ibuchi, Y.

    1981-01-01

    Three cases of angiographically demonstrated fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery are reported. Fenestration occurred at the medial half of the horizontal segment of the anterior cerebral artery in all cases. Its embryology and clinical significance are briefly discussed, and the anatomical and radiological literature on fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery is reviewed. (orig.)

  14. Estenose de carótida extracraniana: revisão baseada em evidências

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    Carolina Dutra Queiroz Flumignan

    Full Text Available RESUMO A doença vascular cerebral extracraniana é uma das mais importantes causas de morte e de incapacidade em todo o mundo e seu tratamento se baseia em estratégias clínica e cirúrgica, sendo que esta última pode ser feita pelas técnicas convencional ou endovascular. O manejo da estenose da bifurcação carotídea visa principalmente a prevenir o acidente vascular cerebral e tem sido objeto de extensa investigação. O papel do tratamento clínico tem sido re-enfatizado, mas a endarterectomia de carótida permanece como o tratamento de primeira linha para pacientes sintomáticos com estenose de 50% a 99% e, para pacientes assintomáticos, com estenose de 60% a 99%. A angioplastia com stent é reservada para pacientes sintomáticos, com estenose de 50% a 99% e com risco elevado para a cirurgia aberta, por motivos anatômicos ou clínicos. Atualmente, o procedimento endovascular não é recomendado para pacientes assintomáticos que tenham condições de serem submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional. O Brasil apresenta tendência semelhante à de outros países da América do Norte e Europa, observando a manutenção da endarterectomia como a principal indicação para o tratamento da estenose carotídea e reservando o procedimento endovascular para casos em que há contraindicações para a primeira intervenção. Todavia, temos de melhorar os nossos resultados, reduzindo as complicações, notadamente a taxa de mortalidade geral.

  15. Cerebral malformations without antenatal diagnosis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Girard, Nadine J. [Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Hopital Timone, Marseille (France)

    2010-06-15

    Cerebral malformations are usually described following the different steps in development. Disorders of neurulation (dysraphisms), or diverticulation (holoprosencephalies and posterior fossa cysts), and total commissural agenesis are usually diagnosed in utero. In contrast, disorders of histogenesis (proliferation-differentiation, migration, organization) are usually discovered in infants and children. The principal clinical symptoms that may be a clue to cerebral malformation include congenital hemiparesis, epilepsy and mental or psychomotor retardation. MRI is the imaging method of choice to assess cerebral malformations. (orig.)

  16. Metabolite changes in the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion

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    Lei Ruan

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral ischemia not only causes pathological changes in the ischemic areas but also induces a series of secondary changes in more distal brain regions (such as the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The impact of supratentorial lesions, which are the most common type of lesion, on the contralateral cerebellum has been studied in patients by positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. In the present study, we investigated metabolite changes in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere after supratentorial unilateral ischemia using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabonomics. The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke was established in rats. Rats were randomly divided into the middle cerebral artery occlusion 1-, 3-, 9- and 24-hour groups and the sham group. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to detect metabolites in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Compared with the sham group, the concentrations of lactate, alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, choline and glycine in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere were increased in the acute stage, while the concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, creatinine, glutamate and aspartate were decreased. This demonstrates that there is an upregulation of anaerobic glycolysis (shown by the increase in lactate, a perturbation of choline metabolism (suggested by the increase in choline, neuronal cell damage (shown by the decrease in N-acetyl aspartate and neurotransmitter imbalance (evidenced by the increase in γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine and by the decrease in glutamate and aspartate in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. In the contralateral hemisphere, the concentrations of lactate, alanine, glycine, choline and aspartate were increased, while the concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and creatinine were decreased. This suggests that there is a

  17. CT findings of cerebral fat embolism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mashiyama, Shoji; Kawakami, Kiyoshi; Ohtsuki, Taisuke; Ishibashi, Takao.

    1986-01-01

    A case of cerebral fat embolism following multiple bone fractures is presented. A 27-year-old patient was admitted to our clinic 50 minutes after a traffic accident. He was somnolent on admission, but his consciousness level was gradually raised and respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, bloody sputum) appeared with petechiae of his conjunctiva and chest. We diagnosed cerebral fat embolism. On CT scan we found multiple high-density areas, which gradually turned into multiple low-density areas. Subsequent cerebral atrophy and subdural effusion developed one month after the injury. This patient showed a typical clinical course and CT findings of cerebral fat embolism. (author)

  18. Reference Gene Selection in the Desert Plant <em>Eremosparton songoricuem>m>

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    Dao-Yuan Zhang

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available <em>Eremosparton songoricum em>(Litv. Vass. (<em>E. songoricumem> is a rare and extremely drought-tolerant desert plant that holds promise as a model organism for the identification of genes associated with water deficit stress. Here, we cloned and evaluated the expression of eight candidate reference genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions. The expression of these candidate reference genes was analyzed in a diverse set of 20 samples including various <em>E. songoricumem> plant tissues exposed to multiple environmental stresses. GeNorm analysis indicated that expression stability varied between the reference genes in the different experimental conditions, but the two most stable reference genes were sufficient for normalization in most conditions.<em> EsEFem> and <em>Esα-TUB> were sufficient for various stress conditions, <em>EsEF> and <em>EsACT> were suitable for samples of differing germination stages, and <em>EsGAPDH>and <em>Es>UBQ em>were most stable across multiple adult tissue samples. The <em>Es18Sem> gene was unsuitable as a reference gene in our analysis. In addition, the expression level of the drought-stress related transcription factor <em>EsDREB2em>> em>verified the utility of<em> E. songoricumem> reference genes and indicated that no single gene was adequate for normalization on its own. This is the first systematic report on the selection of reference genes in <em>E. songoricumem>, and these data will facilitate future work on gene expression in this species.

  19. The effect of combined treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation on cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral palsy

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    K. V. Yatsenko

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available There is a close link between the activity of the brain and cerebral blood supply. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS modulates the activity of the cerebral cortex and thus affects the cerebral blood flow. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of combined treatment with tDCS on cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral palsy (CP. Materials and Methods. 60 patients with various forms of cerebral palsy were examined and received the course of treatment. The comparison group was formed from 30 children who received the course of basic medical and rehabilitation procedures. The main group included 30 children who, in addition to the same therapy, received a course of tDCS. A transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination of head blood vessels was used for the study of cerebral hemodynamics in children with cerebral palsy before and after combined treatment with tDCS. Results. tDCS reduced asymmetry coefficient of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA by 12.3 %, whereas in the comparison group only by 2.5 %; in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA – 9.5 %, while in the comparison group – 0.8 %. tDCS significantly reduced the high mean blood flow velocity per cycle (MFV in the basilar artery (BA, MCA and ACA (21.7 %, 18.3 % and 7.8 %, respectively; in the comparison group no statistically significant positive dynamics was observed. tDCS significantly increased the low MVF in the BA, MCA and ACA (29.7 %, 21.2 % and 9.7 % respectively; a statistically significant increase of MVF by 9.9 % was only in the CMA in the comparison group of patients. Conclusions. Our data indicate that the use of tDCS in the combined treatment of CP patients improves cerebral hemodynamics in 87 % of patients, in contrast to 52 % in the comparison group. The addition of transcranial direct current stimulation method to the complex treatment of patients with cerebral palsy improves the effectiveness of treatment and may also

  20. Cerebral venous angiomas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agnoli, A.L.; Hildebrandt, G.

    1985-01-01

    Clinical symptoms and radiological signs in 15 patients with cerebral venous malformations are presented and the diagnostic problems discussed. The circulation time in combination with cerebral malformations and angiomas of the scalp are described. CT findings in cases of venous malformations of the brain stem are evaluated. Spot-like enhancement, as well as sharply demarcated round shaped enhancement are characteristic for venous angiomas. Cavernous angiomas usually present as homogenous or inhomogenous round shaped enhanced areas. (Author)

  1. Non operative management of cerebral abscess

    Science.gov (United States)

    Batubara, C. A.

    2018-03-01

    Cerebral abscess is a focal intracerebral infection that begins as a localized area of cerebritis and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. Patients typically present with varying combinations of aheadache, progressive neurologic deficits, seizures, and evidence of infection. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imagingare the most important diagnostic tools in diagnosing cerebral abscess. The treatment of cerebral abscess has been a challenge. Small cerebralabscesses (managed by the use of intravenous mannitol (or hypertonic saline) and dexamethasone. Acute seizures should be terminated with the administration of intravenous benzodiazepines or by intravenous fosphenytoin. Anticonvulsants prophylaxis must be initiated immediately and continued at least one year due to high risk in the cerebral abscesses. Easier detection of underlying conditions, monitoring of the therapeutic progress, and recognition of complications have probably contributed to the improved prognosis.

  2. Qualidade de vida e grau de ansiedade e depressão em cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral Calidad de vida y grado de ansiedad y depresión en cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral Quality of life and level of anxiety and depression in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Andreya Zanon

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o grau de ansiedade e depressão e a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de crianças com crianças com paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo com cuidadores de crianças acompanhadas na Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae e na Associação dos Deficientes Físicos de Alagoas (Adefal, em Maceió, Alagoas. Para a coleta de dados, realizada com uma amostra de 82 cuidadores, utilizou-se a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD e um instrumento genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida, o SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se média, desvio padrão, mediana e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos cuidadores foi de 32,4±10,3 anos, variando de 18 a 77. Constatou-se ansiedade em 49% dos cuidadores (IC95% 38 - 60 e depressão em 31% (IC95% 22 - 42. No questionário SF-36, os domínios mais afetados foram: limitação por aspectos emocionais, com 56 pontos (IC95% 46 - 65, e vitalidade, com 57 (IC95% 52 - 62. CONCLUSÕES: Os cuidadores apresentaram alta ansiedade e depressão; não possuíam boa qualidade de vida, especialmente nos domínios "limitação por aspectos emocionais" e "vitalidade".OBJETIVO: Evaluar el grado de ansiedad y depresión y la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo, con cuidadores de niños acompañados en la Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae y en la Associação dos Deficientes Físicos de Alagoas (Adefal, en Maceió, Alagoas (Brasil. Para la recolección de los datos, realizada con una muestra de 82 cuidadores, se utilizó la escala hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión y un instrumento genérico de evaluación de calidad de vida, el SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando promedio, desviación est

  3. Short-term prognosis for speech and language in first stroke patients Prognóstico em curto prazo para fala e linguagem em pacientes acometidos de infarto cerebral único

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabricio F. Oliveira

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors that can influence evolution of communication after a first stroke. METHOD: Thirty-seven adult patients were evaluated for speech and language within 72 hours after a single first-ever ischemic brain injury and later on. Patients who were comatose, with decompensated systemic diseases, or history of chronic alcoholism or illicit drug use were not included. Brain CT and/or 2T-MR exams were solicited for topographic correlation. Size of infarct was classified as large or small according to the TOAST classification. RESULTS: Patients who survived had lesser chances of presenting with aphasia or dysarthria 3 months after the stroke if the infarct size was small (p=0.017. Gender, age, schooling, aphasia subtype, infarct side and topography were non-significant in our sample. Subjects with global aphasia or lone cortical dysarthria had a slower evolution. CONCLUSION: Brain injury size was the most influential factor for neurological outcome at 3 months post-stroke.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores que podem influenciar o desempenho neurolinguístico após um primeiro acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 37 pacientes quanto a fala e linguagem dentro de 72 horas após um primeiro infarto cerebral e posteriormente. Pacientes comatosos, com doenças sistêmicas descompensadas, história de etilismo crônico ou uso de drogas ilícitas não foram incluídos. TC e/ou RMN-2T cerebrais foram solicitadas para correlação topográfica. Utilizou-se a classificação TOAST para o tamanho do infarto (grande ou pequeno. RESULTADOS: Sobreviventes tiveram menores chances de apresentarem-se afásicos ou disártricos 3 meses após o evento agudo caso o infarto fosse pequeno (p=0.017. Gênero, idade, escolaridade, subtipo de afasia, lado e topografia da lesão cerebral não foram fatores estatisticamente significativos. Pacientes portadores de afasia global ou disartria cortical isolada evoluíram mais lentamente

  4. Desordens paralógicas e alógicas à luz da patologia cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isaías H. Melsohn

    1959-06-01

    Full Text Available A revisão das investigações de Kleist sôbre a patologia cerebral mostram como suas idéias sôbre o dinamismo surgem a partir da realidade clínica. As investigações neurológicas servem de guia para as psicopatológicas. E, assim, por etapas, elaborou Kleist as noções dos "sistemas cerebrais" e seu papel no que tange às funções neurológicas e psíquicas. Uma função nervosa qualquer é assegurada pelo concurso de dois setores funcionais a que correspondem substratos anatômicos próprios; ao exercício complexo das funções da motilidade automática, por exemplo, correspondem várias estruturas anatômicas em todas as quais distinguem-se dois grupos de centros com sentido funcional diverso: um, a que cabe o papel de recepção e coordenação de estímulos, outro, de efetuação. Tal dualidade de funções primordiais é a base para o desempenho de atividades neurológicas ou psíquicas, ocorrendo tanto no setor da motilidade automática, como no da psicomotilidade, no da ação explícita, no da linguagem, no do pensamento abstrato. Foi a patologia que permitiu a Kleist a separação entre dois setores funcionais prepostos a elaboração do pensamento abstrato: aos campos 19 e 39 de Brodmann correspondem funções receptivo-coordenadoras prepostas à elaboração dos conceitos; a perturbação dessas funções conduz a uma desordem que consiste na dificuldade ou impossibilidade de elaboração dos conceitos isolados: desordem paralógia. O homem, porém, não pensa por meio de conceitos isolados; reúne-os em juízos, por meio de relações predicativas. Ê ao córtex cerebral frontal, campo 46, que dizem respeito tais funções de reunião, de efetuação do pensamento discursivo. As perturbações dessas funções, por desarranjo meramente dinâmico ou por desorganização anatômica, determinam a desordem alógica. Conquanto os dois tipos sejam encontradiços em variadas moléstias por lesão cerebral - assumindo, então, o

  5. Parálisis cerebral :

    OpenAIRE

    Cabrero Izquierdo, María del Carmen

    2012-01-01

    Se aborda el tema de la parálisis cerebral definiendo qué es, clasificando los tipos de parálisis dependiendo de la afectación y las características principales. Se explican algunos de sus tratamientos, se dan sistemas alternativos y/o aumentativos de comunicación para un alumno con PC (parálisis cerebral).

  6. Cerebral edema associated with acute hepatic failure.

    OpenAIRE

    Fujiwara, Masachika; Watanabe, Akiharu; Yamauchi, Yasuhiko; Hashimoto, Makoto; Nakatsukasa, Harushige; Kobayashi, Michio; Higashi, Toshihiro; Nagashima, Hideo

    1985-01-01

    The clinicopathological findings of cerebral edema were investigated in patients with acute hepatic failure autopsied at Okayama University Hospital between 1970 and 1980 retrospectively. Nine (64%) of 14 hepatic failure cases were found to have cerebral edema during a post-mortem examination of the brain. Clinical features of the patients with cerebral edema were not significantly different from those of the patients without cerebral edema. However, general convulsions were observed more fre...

  7. Low cerebral blood flow after cardiac arrest is not associated with anaerobic cerebral metabolism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hoedemaekers, C.W.E.; Ainslie, Philip N.; Hinssen, S.; Aries, M.J.; Bisschops, Laurens L.; Hofmeijer, Jeannette; van der Hoeven, J.G.

    2017-01-01

    Aim of the study Estimation of cerebral anaerobic metabolism in survivors and non-survivors after cardiac arrest. Methods We performed an observational study in twenty comatose patients after cardiac arrest and 19 healthy control subjects. We measured mean flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery

  8. Caracterização da patologia cerebral, da psicopatologia e da heredologia psiquiátrica na doutrina de Kleist

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aníbal Silveira

    1959-06-01

    Full Text Available O ano de 1959 assinala três datas especiais em uma das mais férteis carreiras científicas: completa 80 anos Karl Kleist, nascido em Mülhausen, na Alsácia, a 31 de janeiro de 1879, que comemora o jubileu de venia legendi (1909; e há um quarto de século veio à luz a Gehirnpathologie (1934, que marca a nova era da fisiopatologia cerebral. A construção doutrinária de Kleist combina e aperfeiçoa as diretrizes isoladas de Meynert, de Wernicke e de Kraepelin. Constitui nela uma constante a união da psicopatologia à patologia cerebral; e a pesquisa no domínio clínico se norteia pela patogenia, pela heredologia e pela catamnese sistemática. Na própria patogênese - tanto dos quadros clínicos como dos sintomas - há a considerar a diferente participação do tronco cerebral e da corticalidade. E aqui, a seu turno, é preciso distinguir as funções que dependem de regiões posteriores. Assim, descreveu Kleist, respectivamente, os distúrbios agramáticos e os paragramáticos, os alógicos e os paralógicos, em analogia com os afásicos e os parafásicos. Demonstrou pela primeira vez, em 1905, a existência da afasia de condução e isolou dois novos tipos de apraxia: a apraxia segmentar e a apraxia de construção. Outros quadros psicopatológicos descritos por êle também se tornaram clássicos: a carência de iniciativa, a apraxia de iniciativa, a apraxia de ação coordenada (Handlungsfolge, a cegueira espacial (Ortsblindheit, a agnosia cromática - que depende da noção abstrata de côr e nada tem a ver com o daltonismo - e ainda os quadros psiquiátricos cíngulo-orbitários. Divide a esfera da personalidade em diversos estratos de grande relevância clínico-localizatória (quadro 1. A carta localizatória - plano estrutural e funcional do cérebro - ultrapassa a qualquer empreendimento análogo, tanto pela análise penetrante quanto pela adaptação à realidade clínica (figs. 1 e 2. Sobreleva notar aí que Kleist separa

  9. Cerebral microcirculation during experimental normovolaemic anaemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith eBellapart

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Anaemia is accepted amongst critically ill patients as an alternative to elective blood transfusion. This practice has been extrapolated to head injury patients with only one study comparing the effects of mild anaemia on neurological outcome. There are no studies quantifying microcirculation during anaemia. Experimental studies suggest that anaemia leads to cerebral hypoxia and increased rates of infarction, but the lack of clinical equipoise when testing the cerebral effects of transfusion amongst critically injured patients, supports the need of experimental studies. The aim of this study was to quantify cerebral microcirculation and the potential presence of axonal damage in an experimental model exposed to normovolaemic anaemia, with the intention of describing possible limitations within management practices in critically ill patients. Under non-recovered anaesthesia, six Merino sheep were instrumented using an intracardiac transeptal catheter to inject coded microspheres into the left atrium to ensure systemic and non-chaotic distribution. Cytometric analyses quantified cerebral microcirculation at specific regions of the brain. Amyloid precursor protein staining was used as an indicator of axonal damage. Animals were exposed to normovolaemic anaemia by blood extractions from the indwelling arterial catheter with simultaneous fluid replacement through a venous central catheter. Simultaneous data recording from cerebral tissue oxygenation, intracranial pressure and cardiac output was monitored. A regression model was used to examine the effects of anaemia on microcirculation with a mixed model to control for repeated measures. Homogeneous and normal cerebral microcirculation with no evidence of axonal damage was present in all cerebral regions, with no temporal variability, concluding that acute normovolaemic anaemia does not result in short term effects on cerebral microcirculation in the ovine brain.

  10. Cerebral infarcts resulting from trauma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Busch, G.

    1985-01-01

    Vascular occlusions due to cerebral trauma have always been regarded as great rarities. However, we have found hypo-dense foci of vascular distribution in 3.5% of 3500 CT examinations for trauma during the late phase. Lesions in the vascular territory of the posterior cerebral artery are usually the result of supratentorial pressure rise from epidural and subdural haematomas, leading to compression of the vessels against the edge of the tentorium. Typical infacts in the territory of the medial and anterior cerebral arteries were found only rarely by CT after cerebral trauma. Infarcts at the watersheds between the three vascular territories were found with surprising frequency and small infarcts were found in the basal ganglia. It is assumed that these were due to ischaemic or hypoxic events due to cardiac or pulmonary complications during the initial phase. (orig.) [de

  11. Cerebellar malformations alter regional cerebral development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bolduc, Marie-Eve; Du Plessis, Adre J; Evans, Alan; Guizard, Nicolas; Zhang, Xun; Robertson, Richard L; Limperopoulos, Catherine

    2011-12-01

    The aim of this study was to compare total and regional cerebral volumes in children with isolated cerebellar malformations (CBMs) with those in typically developing children, and to examine the extent to which cerebellar volumetric reductions are associated with total and regional cerebral volumes. This is a case-control study of children diagnosed with isolated CBMs. Each child was matched on age and sex to two typically developing children. Using advanced three-dimensional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, the cerebrum was segmented into tissue classes and partitioned into eight regions. Analysis of variance was used to compare cerebral volumes between children with CBMs and control children, and linear regressions to examine the impact of cerebellar volume reduction on cerebral volumes. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at a mean age of 27 months in 20 children (10 males, 10 females) with CBMs and 40 typically developing children. Children with CBMs showed significantly smaller deep grey matter nuclei (p developing children. Greater cerebellar volumetric reduction in children with CBMs was associated with decreased total cerebral volume and deep grey matter nuclei (p = 0.02), subgenual white/grey matter (p = 0.001), midtemporal white (p = 0.02) and grey matter (p = 0.01), and parieto-occipital grey matter (p = 0.004). CBMs are associated with impaired regional cerebral growth, suggesting deactivation of principal cerebello-cerebral pathways. © The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology © 2011 Mac Keith Press.

  12. Risk factors for unpleasant paresthesiae induced by paresthesiae - producing deep brain stimulation Fatores de risco para parestesia dolorosa induzida por estimulação cerebral profuda em sítios produtores de parestesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Osvaldo Vilela Filho

    1996-03-01

    . Revendo os primeiros 60 pacientes com DIN submetidos à ECP na Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, no período 1978/ 1991, observamos que 6 destes pacientes apresentaram parestesia dolorosa à estimulação de VC/LM/ CI, prevenindo a definitiva implantação do sistema em todos eles e totalizando 15% (6 dentre 40 das falhas em nossa série. Em uma tentativa de se melhorar a seleção de pacientes para a ECP e, com isto, seus resultados globais, revimos nossos casos, considerando uma série de parâmetros, de modo a determinar os fatores de risco para parestesia dolorosa. Os resultados mostraram que esta resposta à estimulação de VC/LM/CI é exclusiva de pacientes com dor central cerebral, secundária a lesão supratentorial, apresentando dor evocada como parte do quadro doloroso. Nem todos os pacientes com estas características, porém, apresentavam parestesia dolorosa. O estudo comparativo destes dois subgrupos (dor central cerebral + dor evocada + parestesia dolorosa e dor central cerebral + dor evocada + parestesia dolorosa permitiu definir que: 1. Parestesia dolorosa à estimulação da coluna dorsal da medula espinhal, lesão restrita ao tálamo à tomografia computorizada e dor intermitente como parte do quadro doloroso são fatores de risco maiores para parestesia dolorosa à estimulação de VC / LM / Cl; 2. Alodínia ao frio ou hiperpatia isoladamente e ausência de deficit sensitivo ao exame neurológico são fatores de risco menores; e 3. Idade, sexo, duração da dor, qualidade da dor constante, dimensões da lesão causal e sítio (VC, LM ou Cl ou tipo (macro ou microeletrodo da exploração cirúrgica não parecem ser fatores de risco relevantes. O autor sugere também os prováveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos na gênese da parestesia dolorosa à estimulação de VC / LM / Cl.

  13. CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Tae Hoon; Choi, Woo Suk; Ryu, Kyung Nam

    1992-01-01

    The CT findings of the acute cerebral infarction are well known. However the CT findings of early stroke within 24 hours of the onset have not been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate early acute cerebral infarction on CT within 24 hours after ictus. The early and accurate CT diagnosis could lead to the appropriate therapy and improved outcome of the patients. Authors retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with early acute cerebral infarction. Acute cerebral infarction was confirmed by follow-up CT in 11 patients, SPECT in 4 patients, and MRI in 1 patient. The CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction include effacement of cortical sulci or cistern (n = 16, 100%), hyperattenuation of MCA (n = 3), obscuration of lentiform nucleus (n = 6), loss of insular ribbon (n = 6) and subtle low density in hemisphere (n = 5). The most frequent finding was effacement of cortical sulci in our study, and it was thought to be the most important sign of early acute cerebral infarction

  14. CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Tae Hoon; Choi, Woo Suk; Ryu, Kyung Nam [Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1992-11-15

    The CT findings of the acute cerebral infarction are well known. However the CT findings of early stroke within 24 hours of the onset have not been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate early acute cerebral infarction on CT within 24 hours after ictus. The early and accurate CT diagnosis could lead to the appropriate therapy and improved outcome of the patients. Authors retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with early acute cerebral infarction. Acute cerebral infarction was confirmed by follow-up CT in 11 patients, SPECT in 4 patients, and MRI in 1 patient. The CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction include effacement of cortical sulci or cistern (n = 16, 100%), hyperattenuation of MCA (n = 3), obscuration of lentiform nucleus (n = 6), loss of insular ribbon (n = 6) and subtle low density in hemisphere (n = 5). The most frequent finding was effacement of cortical sulci in our study, and it was thought to be the most important sign of early acute cerebral infarction.

  15. A specimen of <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> in Barn Owl's pellets from Murge plateau (Apulia, Italy / Su di un <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> (Insectivora, Soricidae rinvenuto in borre di <em>Tyto albaem> delle Murge (Puglia, Italia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Ferrara

    1992-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In a lot of Barn Owl's pellets from the Murge plateau a specimen of <em>Sorex> sp. was detected. Thank to some morphological and morphometrical features, the cranial bones can be tentatively attributed to <em>Sorex samniticusem> Altobello, 1926. The genus <em>Sorex> was not yet included in the Apulia's fauna southwards of the Gargano district; the origin and significance of the above record is briefly discussed, the actual presence of a natural population of <em>Sorex> in the Murge being not yet proved. Riassunto Viene segnalato il rinvenimento di un esemplare di <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> da borre di <em>Tyto albaem> delle Murge. Poiché il genere non era stato ancora segnalato nella Puglia a sud del Gargano, viene discusso il significato faunistico del reperto.

  16. Efecto de extractos vegetales de <em>Polygonum hydropiperoidesem>, <em>Solanum nigrumem> y <em>Calliandra pittieriem> sobre el gusano cogollero (<em>Spodoptera frugiperdaem>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizarazo H. Karol

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available

    El gusano cogollero <em>Spodoptera frugiperdaem> es una de las plagas que más afectan los cultivos en la región de Sumapaz (Cundinamarca, Colombia. En la actualidad se controla principalmente aplicando productos de síntesis química, sin embargo la aplicación de extractos vegetales surge como una alternativa de menor impacto sobre el ambiente. Este control se emplea debido a que las plantas contienen metabolitos secundarios que pueden inhibir el desarrollo de los insectos. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación evaluó el efecto insecticida y antialimentario de extractos vegetales de barbasco <em>Polygonum hydropiperoidesem> (Polygonaceae, carbonero <em>Calliandra pittieriem> (Mimosaceae y hierba mora <em>Solanum nigrumem> (Solanaceae sobre larvas de <em>S. frugiperdaem> biotipo maíz. Se estableció una cría masiva del insecto en el laboratorio utilizando una dieta natural con hojas de maíz. Posteriormente se obtuvieron extractos vegetales utilizando solventes de alta polaridad (agua y etanol y media polaridad (diclorometano los cuales se aplicaron sobre las larvas de segundo instar. Los resultados más destacados se presentaron con extractos de <em>P. hydropiperoidesem>, obtenidos con diclorometano en sus diferentes dosis, con los cuales se alcanzó una mortalidad de 100% 12 días después de la aplicación y un efecto antialimentario representado por un consumo de follaje de maíz inferior al 4%, efectos similares a los del testigo comercial (Clorpiriphos.

  17. Clinical and pathological study on 10 cases of cerebral lobe hemorrhage related with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiao-qi LI

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Objective To summarize the clinical data and pathological features of 10 cases of cerebral lobar hemorrhage related with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA diagnosed pathologically, thereby to improve the knowledge and diagnosis of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 10 cases of cerebral lobar hemorrhage related with CAA, collected in the General Hospital of Shenyang Command from 1983 up to now, were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical and neuropathological features of these cases were summarized. Results Of the 10 patients, 2 suffered from single lobar hemorrhage and 8 multiple lobar hemorrhage, all of them were confirmed pathologically to have ruptured into the subarachnoid space. Pathological examination revealed microaneurysm in 2 cases, "double barrel" change in 4 cases, multiple arteriolar clusters in 5 cases, obliterative onion-liked intima change in 4 cases, and fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall in 7 cases. In addition, neurofibrillary tangles were found in 8 cases, and senile plaque was observed in 5 cases. Conclusions Cerebral lobar hemorrhage related with CAA is mainly located in the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, readily breaking into the subarachnoid space, and it is often multiple and recurrent. The CAA associated microvasculopathy was found frequently in the autopsy sample of CAA related cerebral lobar hemorrhage, and it may contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.07.04

  18. Sentimentos das mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral à luz da teoria de Mishel Sentimientos de las madres de niños con parálisis cerebral a luz de la Teoría de Mishel The mothers of children with cerebral palsy feelings motivated by the Mishel's Theory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kamilla de Mendonça Gondim

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available As crianças com paralisia cerebral sofrem com as consequências da lesão ao cérebro, apresentando dificuldades que afetam as atividades da vida diária. A família, principalmente a mãe, deve receber apoio dos profissionais para enfrentar o problema. Este estudo objetivou analisar a incerteza das mães quanto à doença de seus filhos com base na Teoria da Incerteza na Doença de Mishel. É um estudo descritivo e qualitativo, realizado em duas instituições públicas especializadas em distúrbios neuromotor da cidade Fortaleza, nos meses de julho e agosto de 2009. Foram entrevistadas 12 mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral por meio de um formulário com as variáveis sócio-econômico-sanitário-demográficas e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado baseado na Teoria de Mishel, na versão pais/filhos. Constatamos que as mães apresentam muitas incertezas, principalmente quanto ao futuro da criança. Tais incertezas podem ser reduzidas mediante apoio e orientação dos profissionais de saúde, melhorando, assim, a qualidade de vida de todos os envolvidos.Los niños con parálisis cerebral sufren con las consecuencias de la lesión al cerebro, presentando dificultades que afectan las actividades de vida diaria. La familia, principalmente la madre, debe recibir apoyo de los profesionales para enfrentar el problema. Se objetivó analizar la incerteza de madres cuánto a la enfermedad de sus hijos basada en la Teoría de la Incertidumbre frente a la Enfermedad de Mishel. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cualitativo realizado en dos instituciones públicas especializadas en disturbios neuromotores en la ciudad de Fortaleza, en los meses de Julio y Agosto de 2009. Fueron entrevistadas 12 madres de niños con parálisis cerebral a través de un formulario con las variables socio-económico-sanitariodemográficas y un rutero de entrevista seme estructurada basada en la Teoría, versión padres/hijos. Constatamos que las madres presentan

  19. Purine Metabolism in Acute Cerebral Ischemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ye. V. Oreshnikov

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: to study the specific features of purine metabolism in clinically significant acute cerebral ischemia. Subjects and materials. Three hundred and fifty patients with the acutest cerebral ischemic stroke were examined. The parameters of gas and electrolyte composition, acid-base balance, the levels of malonic dialdehyde, adenine, guanine, hypox-anthine, xanthine, and uric acid, and the activity of xanthine oxidase were determined in arterial and venous bloods and spinal fluid. Results. In ischemic stroke, hyperuricemia reflects the severity of cerebral metabolic disturbances, hemodynamic instability, hypercoagulation susceptiility, and the extent of neurological deficit. In ischemic stroke, hyperuri-corachia is accompanied by the higher spinal fluid levels of adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine and it is an indirect indicator of respiratory disorders of central genesis, systemic acidosis, hypercoagulation susceptibility, free radical oxidation activation, the intensity of a stressor response to cerebral ischemia, cerebral metabolic disturbances, the depth of reduced consciousness, and the severity of neurological deficit. Conclusion. The high venous blood activity of xanthine oxidase in ischemic stroke is associated with the better neurological parameters in all follow-up periods, the better early functional outcome, and lower mortality rates. Key words: hyperuricemia, stroke, xanthine oxidase, uric acid, cerebral ischemia.

  20. Serial neuroradiological studies in focal cerebritis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hatta, S.; Mochizuki, H.; Kuru, Y.; Miwa, H.; Kondo, T.; Mori, H.; Mizuno, Y.

    1994-01-01

    We report serial neuroradiological studies in a patient with focal cerebritis in the head of the left caudate nucleus. On the day after the onset of symptoms, CT showed an ill-defined low density lesion. The lack of contrast enhancement appeared to be the most important finding for differentiating focal cerebritis from an encapsulated brain abscess or a tumour. MRI two days later revealed the centre of the lesion to be of slightly low intensity on T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) images and very low intensity on T2-weighted spin echo images, which appeared to correspond to the early cerebritis stage of experimentally induced cerebritis and brain abscess. Ten days after the onset of symptoms, CT revealed a thin ring of enhancement in the head of the caudate nucleus, and a similar small ring was seen in the hypothalamus 16 days after the onset, corresponding to the late cerebritis stage. MRI nine days later revealed ill-defined high signal lesions within the involved area on the T1-weighted IR images. To our knowledge, this is the first published MRI documentation of the early cerebritis stage developing into an encapsulated brain abscess. The mechanisms underlying of these radiographic changes are discussed. (orig.)

  1. Rapid Development of Microsatellite Markers with 454 Pyrosequencing in a Vulnerable Fish<em>,> the Mottled Skate<em>, Raja em>pulchra>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jung-Ha Kang

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The mottled skate, <em>Raja pulchraem>, is an economically valuable fish. However, due to a severe population decline, it is listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. To analyze its genetic structure and diversity, microsatellite markers were developed using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 17,033 reads containing dinucleotide microsatellite repeat units (mean, 487 base pairs were identified from 453,549 reads. Among 32 loci containing more than nine repeat units, 20 primer sets (62% produced strong PCR products, of which 14 were polymorphic. In an analysis of 60 individuals from two <em>R. pulchra em>populations, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1–10, and the mean allelic richness was 4.7. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any pair of loci, indicating that the markers were independent. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test showed significant deviation in two of the 28 single-loci after sequential Bonferroni’s correction. Using 11 primer sets, cross-species amplification was demonstrated in nine related species from four families within two classes. Among the 11 loci amplified from three other <em>Rajidae> family species; three loci were polymorphic. A monomorphic locus was amplified in all three <em>Rajidae> family species and the <em>Dasyatidae> family. Two <em>Rajidae> polymorphic loci amplified monomorphic target DNAs in four species belonging to the Carcharhiniformes class, and another was polymorphic in two Carcharhiniformes species.

  2. Regional cerebral blood flow and periventricular hyperintensity in silent cerebral infarction. Comparison with multi-infarct dementia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koshi, Yasuhiko; Kitamura, Shin; Nagazumi, Atushi; Tsuganesawa, Toshikazu; Terashi, Akiro

    1996-01-01

    In order to investigate relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the white matter lesions on MRI in silent cerebral infarction, we quantitatively measured rCBF by 123 I-IMP autoradiography method (IMP ARG method) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) in 36 patients with silent cerebral infarction (SCI group), 22 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID group), and 16 control subjects without periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and lacunar infarction on MRI (CL group). Regions of interest (ROIs) on rCBF images were set in the frontal (F), temporal (T), parietal (P), occipital (O) cortex, and the cerebral white matter (W). The severity of PVH on MRI T 2 -weighted image was divided into four grades (grade 0-3). Though the frequency of hypertension was significantly higher in SCI group and MID group compared with CL group, no significant difference was seen in the mean age among these three groups. rCBF in the white matter and cerebral cortices except the occipital cortex in SCI group was significantly low compared with CL group (rCBF SCI /rCBF CL : W 0.87, F 0.87, T 0.87, P 0.88, O 0.92). rCBF in the white matter and cerebral cortices, especially in the white matter and frontal cortex, in MID group was significantly low compared with SCI group (rCBF MID /rCBF CL : W 0.69, F 0.71, T 0.74, P 0.75, O 0.81). The mean grade of PVH in MID group was significantly higher than that in SCI group (SCI 1.1 vs MID 2.5). The severity of PVH was significantly correlated with each rCBF in the white matter and cerebral cortices, especially in the white matter and frontal cortex. Our findings suggest that the quantitative measurement of rCBF by IMP ARG method is useful for the follow-up study in the patients with silent cerebral infarction as well as the evaluation of the severity of PVH on MRI. (author)

  3. Recent Experiences with Severe and Cerebral Malaria

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1974-06-29

    Jun 29, 1974 ... Malaria admissions. Cerebral malaria ... Cerebral signs. Haemoglobin below 10 g/100 ml (not all tested). Enlarged tender liver or jaundice, or both ... articl~ by H. Smitskamp and F. H. Wolthuis entitled 'New concepts in treatment of malaria with malignant tertian cerebral involvement' which appeared in the ...

  4. Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laraway, Lee Ann

    1985-01-01

    To examine differences between auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals, 23 cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects (5-21) were asked to repeat a series of 30 items in presence of intermittent white noise. Results indicated that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly more poorly when the…

  5. Comportamento violento e disfunção cerebral: estudo de homicidas no Rio de Janeiro Violent behavior and brain dysfunction: study of murderers in Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavio Jozef

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Estudar a correlação entre disfunção cerebral e psicopatia em homicidas. Métodos: Foram separados em dois grupos (psicopatas e não-psicopatas 29 homicidas "normais" (não-psicóticos, detidos em uma delegacia policial e escolhidos aleatoriamente, com base no HARE PCL-R (escala de avaliação de psicopatia. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos a testagem neuropsicológica, sendo empregados testes voltados para atividade em lobo frontal (Trail Making Test A e B, e subtestes do WAIS [Mosaico, Semelhanças e Símbolos Numéricos]. Resultados: Dos homicidas, 15 foram considerados psicopatas e 14, não-psicopatas. O subteste Mosaico, do WAIS, constituiu-se em discriminador entre os dois grupos pela presença significativa de resultados negativos em não-psicopatas (chi²=5,37; G.L.=1; PObjectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between psychopathy and cerebral dysfunction in a population of murderers. Methods: A random sample of 29 "normal" (non-psychotic murderers detained in a police station were evaluated and classified into psychopaths (n=15 and non-psychopaths (n=14 according to the HARE PCL-R. All individuals in the sample were submitted to neuropsychological tests (Trail Making Test A and B, and WAIS subtests [Block Design, Similarities and Digit Symbol]. Results: The WAIS subtest Block Design was a discriminator between the sample subgroups, with psychopaths scoring significantly better than non-psychopaths (c²=5.37; G.L.=1; p<0.05. As psychopaths were most commonly diagnosed with alcohol/illicit drugs addiction/abuse than non-psychopaths, this factor does not seem to account for the better neuropsychological performance of non-psychopaths. Conclusions: There is evidence that frontal lobe dysfunction is implied in homicidal behavior among non-psychopaths. A better psychiatric evaluation of murderers and the routine use of HARE PCL-R as a clinical and research tool are recommended.

  6. A New Natural Lactone from <em>Dimocarpus> <em>longan> Lour. Seeds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhongjun Li

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available A new natural product named longanlactone was isolated from <em>Dimocarpus> <em>longan> Lour. seeds. Its structure was determined as 3-(2-acetyl-1<em>H>-pyrrol-1-yl-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yldihydrofuran-2(3H-one by spectroscopic methods and HRESIMS.

  7. Cerebral intolerance during flow arrested carotid angioplasty.

    Science.gov (United States)

    St Louis, Myron; Park, Brian D; Dahn, Michael; Bozeman, Patricia

    2012-01-01

    The use of flow arrest as a means of providing cerebral protection during carotid angioplasty offers the advantages of improved efficiency of debris removal and the ability to provide protection under unfavorable (tortuous) anatomic circumstances. However, in contrast to the filtration methods of cerebral protection, this modality requires complete interruption of antegrade carotid artery flow during balloon angioplasty and stent deployment. We report our experience with 9 patients undergoing carotid angioplasty with the Mo.Ma device, which utilizes common and external carotid artery balloon occlusion during the angioplasty procedure. We assessed the clinical outcomes and intraprocedural hemodynamic data. The average duration of carotid occlusion was 8.3 minutes. Of the 9 patients, 2 patients (22%) experienced cerebral intolerance. No stroke occurred in this patient cohort. There appeared to be a poor relationship between procedure intolerance and the presence of significant contralateral stenosis or low carotid back pressure. Furthermore, the incidence of postangioplasty hypotension was not clearly related to cerebral intolerance. Carotid angioplasty with stenting can be safely conducted with flow arrest as an alternative to filter-type cerebral protection devices. However, because cerebral intolerance is not an infrequent occurrence with this approach, clinicians must be cognizant of management strategies for transient cerebral intolerance.

  8. Cerebral vasculitis associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camuset Guillaume

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Cerebral involvement in schistosomiasis is not rare, but it is underdiagnosed because of the lack of clinical suspicion and the frequency of asymptomatic forms. Neurologic complications are generally supported by granuloma formation around ectopic eggs which have migrated to the brain. Moreover, vascular lesions and cerebral arteritis have been well documented in histopathological studies. Nevertheless, cerebral vasculitis in later stages of the Schistosoma mansoni infection have not yet been described in living subjects. Case presentation A 28-year-old french woman had a stroke linked with cerebral vasculitis, 6 monthes after returning from Burkina-Faso. At the same time, a S. mansoni disseminated infection was diagnosed. She suffered from a new stroke after undertaking praziquantel therapy, which lead us to associate the S. mansoni infection and cerebral vasculitis. Conclusion This is the first report of such association, since cerebral vasculitis has never been described in later stages of the S. mansoni infection. Although the causal link between the two pathologies could not be proved, we suggest that S. mansoni is able to cause severe vascular damage in cerebral vessels. Schistosomiasis must be investigated in the event of a brain infarct in young people, particularly in patients originating or returning from an endemic area.

  9. Neuroevolutional Approach to Cerebral Palsy and Speech.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mysak, Edward D.

    Intended for cerebral palsy specialists, the book emphasizes the contribution that a neuroevolutional approach to therapy can make to habilitation goals of the child with cerebral palsy and applies the basic principles of the Bobath approach to therapy. The first section discusses cerebral palsy as a reflection of disturbed neuro-ontogenisis and…

  10. Dynamic change in cerebral microcirculation and focal cerebral metabolism in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Jin-Ning; Chen, Hu; Zhang, Ming; Zhao, Yong-Lin; Ma, Xu-Dong

    2013-03-01

    Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the cerebral metabolism and energy metabolism measurements can be used to assess blood flow of brain cells and to detect cell activity. Changes of rCBF in the cerebral microcirculation and energy metabolism were determined in an experimental model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model in 56 large-eared Japanese rabbits about 12 to 16-month old. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to detect the blood supply to brain cells. Internal carotid artery and vein blood samples were used for duplicate blood gas analysis to assess the energy metabolism of brain cells. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was detected by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging using Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (Tc-99m ECD) as an imaging reagent. The percentage of injected dose per gram of brain tissue was calculated and analyzed. There were positive correlations between the percentage of radionuclide injected per gram of brain tissue and rCBF supply and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (P brain cells after SAH, and also found that deterioration of energy metabolism of brain cells played a significant role in the development of SAH. There are matched reductions in CBF and metabolism. Thus, SPECT imaging could be used as a noninvasive method to detect CBF.

  11. Coexistência das síndromes de Capgras e Frégoli associadas à redução de volume frontotemporal e hiperintensidades em substância branca cerebral Coexistence of Capgras and Frégoli syndromes associated to frontotemporal volume reduction and cerebral white matter hyperintensities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gizela Turkiewicz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Transtornos delirantes de identificação são condições nas quais os pacientes identificam de maneira patologicamente equivocada pessoas, lugares, objetos ou eventos. Esses transtornos têm sido categorizados em quatro diferentes subtipos: Capgras, Frégoli, intermetamorfose e síndrome do duplo subjetivo. Tais síndromes podem estar presentes em diferentes transtornos psiquiátricos, como esquizofrenia e transtornos do humor, bem como em diferentes doenças neurológicas, como Alzheimer, Parkinson, lesões cerebrais traumáticas ou vasculares. OBJETIVOS: Descrever e discutir um caso de coexistência entre as síndromes de Capgras e Frégoli em uma paciente com esquizofrenia paranoide e com alterações cerebrais. MÉTODOS: Entrevista psiquiátrica e ressonância magnética de crânio. RESULTADOS: A paciente apresentava hiperintensidades periventriculares em aquisição flair e de substância branca subcortical concentradas principalmente na região frontotemporal direita, bem como perda do volume da região frontotemporal bilateral. DISCUSSÃO: As alterações descritas podem representar substrato orgânico das síndromes dos transtornos delirantes de identificação. Os delírios nas síndromes de Capgras e Frégoli podem ocorrer como resultado de uma desconexão têmporo-límbica-frontal direita, resultando em uma impossibilidade de associar memórias prévias a novas informações, levando consequentemente a alterações na capacidade de reconhecimento. Ademais, uma perda do volume de tais regiões cerebrais também pode desempenhar papel importante no desenvolvimento de tais síndromes delirantes de identificação.BACKGROUND: Delusional misidentification syndromes are conditions in which the patients pathologically misidentify people, places, objects or events. They have been categorized in four subtypes: Capgras, Frégoli, intermetamorphosis and subjective double syndromes. Such syndromes may be present in patients with

  12. Cerebral edema in drug addicts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daruši Dragana J.

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Background/Aim. The effect of drugs leaves permanent consequences on the brain, organic in type, followed by numerous manifestations, and it significantly affects the development of mental dysfunctions. The clinicians are often given a task to estimate a patient’s personality during treatment or during experts estimate of a drug addict. The aim of this research was to determine the differences, if any, in characteristics of addicts experience and personality traits in drug addicts with or without cerebral edema. Methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 252 male drug addicts, the average age of 23.3 (SD = 4.3 years. Cerebral edema was confirmed on magnetic resonance (MR images of the brain performed during the treatment of the addicts. The participants were tested by the psychologists using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-201 test, and the data were processed using canonical discriminate analysis within the SPSS program. The dependent variable in the study was cerebral edema. A block of independent variables, designed for the requirements of this study, consisted of two subgroups. The first one consisted of 12 variables describing the relevant characteristics of drug abuse. The second subgroup consisted of 8 psychopathological tendencies in the personality defined by the mentioned test. Results. Cerebral edema was confirmed in 52 (20.63% of the drug addicts. The differences between the groups of drug addicts with and without cerebral edema were determined in the following: the time span of taking drugs (0.301, use of alcohol parallel with drugs (0.466, and treatment for addiction (0.603. In the drug addicts with a cerebral edema, MMPI-201 confirmed the increase in the scales for hypochondria, psychopathic deviations and psychastenia, and the decrease in the scales for schizophrenia and depression. Conclusion. Our study confirmed a possible connection between cerebral edema and personality traits in a number of the

  13. Distúrbios de memória em pacientes epilépticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    STELLA FLORINDO

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available O autor estudou distúrbios de memória em pacientes epilépticos com crises parciais complexas (CPC, com os objetivos de: 1 identificar estes distúrbios; e 2 comparar os resultados dos pacientes com os dos controles. Foram estudados 50 pacientes adultos e 20 sujeitos sem enfermidades neuropsiquiátricas. Os métodos consistiram em: 1 investigação da atividade mnemônica através do Teste de Memória de Wechsler (subtestes: Armazenamento e Recuperação, Memória Recente e Memória Imediata; e 2 comparação entre os resultados de ambos os grupos. 3 associação entre SPECT Cerebral e atividade mnemônica. Nos três subtestes, os pacientes apresentaram desempenho cognitivo significativamente inferior ao dos controles (p <0,05. Constatou-se a associação entre hipofluxo em região temporal esquerda e distúrbio da memória nos três subtestes. Concluiu-se que há associação entre CPC e distúrbios da atividade mnemônica.

  14. Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities <em>in Vitroem>> em>and <em>in Vivoem> of the Polysaccharides from <em>Boletus edulisem> Bull

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yijun Fan

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available A water-soluble polysaccharide (BEBP was extracted from <em>Boletus edulis em>Bull using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide BEBP was further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed BEBP-1, BEBP-2 and BEBP-3. In the next experiment, the average molecular weight (Mw, IR and monosaccharide compositional analysis of the three polysaccharide fractions were determined. The evaluation of antioxidant activities both <em>in vitroem> and <em>in vivo em>suggested that BEBP-3 had good potential antioxidant activity, and should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.

  15. Repercursões dos transtornos de processamento sensorial ao desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral / Repercussions of sensory processing disorders in the functional skills of children with cerebral palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Deyvianne Thayanara de Lima Reis

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available A Paralisia Cerebral (PC é definida como uma disfunção neurológica ou como lesão não progressiva do sistema nervoso central. É uma patologia com distúrbio de movimento e postura que pode coexistir com déficits de processamento sensorial. Poucos estudos mostram a associação entre esse déficit e as alterações do desempenho motor. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo é conhecer o Perfil Sensorial de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral e suas repercussões para o desempenho funcional nas atividades de vida diária. Em relação à metodologia a amostra foi composta por 29 crianças com paralisia cerebral na faixa etária entre 3 e 7 anos e meio. A coleta dos dados realizou-se através dos instrumentos “Perfil Sensorial” e “Inventário Pediátrico de Avaliação das Incapacidades (PEDI”, o GMFCS ( Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa foi usado como critério de exclusão. Os resultados mostraram que há relações entre essas dimensões. Houve correspondência entre o Pedi Funcional com o item respostas emocionais/sociais do Perfil Sensorial, assim identificou-se possíveis transtornos de processamento sensorial nas habilidades funcionais de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral. Cerebral palsy (CP is defined as a neurological dysfunction or as a non-progressive central nervous system injury. It is a pathology with movement and posture disturbance that can coexist with sensory processing deficits. Few studies show the association between this deficit and changes in motor performance. Thus, the main objective of this study is to know the Sensory Profile of children with Cerebral Palsy and its repercussions for functional performance in daily life activities. The study sample consisted of 29 children with cerebral palsy in the age bracket between 3 and 7 and a half years. The data were collected through the instruments "Sensorial Profile" and "Pediatric Inventory of Disability Assessment (PEDI." The Gross Motor

  16. Proposal for a universal definition of cerebral infarction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saver, Jeffrey L

    2008-11-01

    Cerebral infarction is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide but has no uniform international definition. Recent diagnostic advances have revised fundamental concepts in cerebral and cardiac ischemia. Cardiologists, already possessed of a nosologic framework distinguishing myocardial infarction from unstable angina on the basis of tissue state, promulgated a new "universal" tissue definition of myocardial infarction incorporating insights afforded by assays of cardiac troponin, a serum biomarker exquisitely sensitive to myocardial injury. Concurrently, vascular neurologists proposed a new tissue, rather than time, criterion to distinguish transient ischemia attack from cerebral infarction, responding to perspectives provided by diffusion MRI and cerebral blood volume CT, imaging biomarkers highly sensitive to neuronal injury. To complete this conceptual realignment, vascular neurology must now advance a clear, uniform, and operationalizable tissue definition of cerebral infarction. This review proposes cerebral infarction be defined as brain or retinal cell death due to prolonged ischemia. This definition categorizes both pannecrosis and neuronal dropout ("complete" and "incomplete" infarcts in classic neuropathologic terminology) as cerebral infarcts. Making the presence of any neuronal or glial cell death essential yields a definition of cerebral infarction that has high relevance to patients, physicians, and policymakers; is more easily applied in clinical practice; fosters action in acute care; harmonizes with myocardial ischemia classification; and focuses diagnostic evaluation on the cause of brain ischemia and the occurrence of end organ injury. The term cerebral infarction should be used when there is evidence of brain or retinal cell death due to cerebral ischemia.

  17. Cerebral vascular effects of hypovolemia and dopamine infusions

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holst Hahn, Gitte; Heiring, Christian; Pryds, Ole

    2012-01-01

    Despite widespread use, effects of volume boluses and dopamine in hypotensive newborn infants remain controversial. We aimed to elucidate if hypovolemia alone impairs cerebral autoregulation (CA) and if dopamine affects cerebral vasculature.......Despite widespread use, effects of volume boluses and dopamine in hypotensive newborn infants remain controversial. We aimed to elucidate if hypovolemia alone impairs cerebral autoregulation (CA) and if dopamine affects cerebral vasculature....

  18. The value of computed tomography in cerebral syphilis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Godt, P.; Stoeppler, L.; Wischer, U.; Schroeder, H.H.

    1979-01-01

    The computed tomographic findings of three patients with cerebral syphilis, including cerebral gumma, which regressed completely under penicillin therapy, syphilitic angiitis with cerebral infarction, and syphilitic cerebral atrophy, are reported CT is unable to provide specific diagnostic data for these conditions. The etiology can be clarified only by taking into consideration the clinical findings and course, the serological results, and the result of therapy. (orig.) [de

  19. CT findings in patients with cerebral palsy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konno, Kimiichi

    1982-01-01

    Clinical findings and CT findings in 73 cases of cerebral palsy were studied. The causes of cerebral palsy were presumed to be as follows: abnormal cerebral development (36%), asphyxial delivery (34%), and immature delivery (19%), etc. CT findings were abnormal in 58% of the 73 cases, 83% of the spastic tetraplegia patients and all of the spastic hemiplegia patients showed abnormal CT findings. All the patients with spastic monoplegia presented normal CT findings. In 75% of the spastic hemiplegia cases, the CT abnormalities were due to cerebral parenchymal abnormality such as porencephaly and regional low absorption. In cases of spastic tetraplegia, cerebral parenchymal abnormality was found only in 10%. Cortical atrophy was found only in 15 of the 73 cases, whereas central atrophy was found in 36 cases. (Ueda, J.)

  20. Cerebral aneurysms – an audit

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Enrique

    Abstract. We performed an audit to determine the profile of cerebral aneurysms at the Universitas Hospital Bloem- fontein, the only government hospital with a vascular suite in the Free State and Northern Cape area. Two hun- dred and twenty-three government patients, diagnosed with cerebral aneurysms during the period.

  1. Cerebral cartography and connectomics

    OpenAIRE

    Sporns, Olaf

    2015-01-01

    Cerebral cartography and connectomics pursue similar goals in attempting to create maps that can inform our understanding of the structural and functional organization of the cortex. Connectome maps explicitly aim at representing the brain as a complex network, a collection of nodes and their interconnecting edges. This article reflects on some of the challenges that currently arise in the intersection of cerebral cartography and connectomics. Principal challenges concern the temporal dynamic...

  2. <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem> in red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> and badgers (<em>Meles melesem> from Central and Northern Italy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Magi

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract During 2004-2005 and 2007-2008, 189 foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> and 6 badgers (<em>Meles melesem> were collected in different areas of Central Northern Italy (Piedmont, Liguria and Tuscany and examined for <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem> infection. The prevalence of the infection was significantly different in the areas considered, with the highest values in the district of Imperia (80%, Liguria and in Montezemolo (70%, southern Piedmont; the prevalence in Tuscany was 7%. One badger collected in the area of Imperia turned out to be infected, representing the first report of the parasite in this species in Italy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role played by fox populations as reservoirs of infection and the probability of its spreading to domestic dogs.
    Riassunto <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem> nella volpe (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> e nel tasso (<em>Meles melesem> in Italia centro-settentrionale. Nel 2004-2005 e 2007-2008, 189 volpi (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> e 6 tassi (<em>Meles melesem> provenienti da differenti aree dell'Italia settentrionale e centrale (Piemonte, Liguria Toscana, sono stati esaminati per la ricerca di <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem>. La prevalenza del nematode è risultata significativamente diversa nelle varie zone, con valori elevati nelle zone di Imperia (80% e di Montezemolo (70%, provincia di Cuneo; la prevalenza in Toscana è risultata del 7%. Un tasso proveniente dall'area di Imperia è risultato positivo per A. vasorum; questa è la prima segnalazione del parassita in tale specie in Italia. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per valutare il potenziale della volpe come serbatoio e la possibilità di diffusione della parassitosi ai cani domestici.

    doi:10.4404/hystrix-20.2-4442

  3. Neonatal cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujimoto, Shinji; Togari, Hajime; Sobajima, Hisanori; Suzuki, Shigesumi; Wada, Yoshiro; Yokochi, Kenji; Nishimura, Yutaka; Inukai, Kazuhisa; Futamura, Masahide.

    1992-01-01

    In a retrospective multi-center study, we investigated eighteen infants with unilateral cerebral infarctions confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scans. The initial symptoms were observed in all the patients between 0 and 3 days of age. Convulsions or apneic attacks were the initial symptoms in all but one. Only 4 patients had complicated obstetric histories and none showed polycythemia or electrolyte abnormalities. All of the initial CT scans revealed unilaterally localized hypodense areas. In 10, the initial CT scans were performed within 24 hours after the clinical onset. In 16, the lesions were within the territory of the middle cerebral artery, 9 of which also involved the cortico-spinal tract (CST). In the remaining 2 patients, the lesions were located whithin the territory of the posterior cerebral artery. None of the 9 patients without CST involvement developed hemiplegia, whereas 5 (56%) of the 9 with CST involvement had hemiplegia, which is a fairly low incidence compared with that in adult cases. This difference was thought to be related to neonatal brain plasticity. (author)

  4. Detection of cerebral arterial gas embolism using regional cerebral oxygen saturation, quantitative electroencephalography, and brain oxygen tension in the swine

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Weenink, R. P.; Hollmann, M. W.; Stevens, M. F.; Kager, J.; van Gulik, T. M.; van Hulst, R. A.

    2014-01-01

    Cerebral air emboli occur as a complication of invasive medical procedures. The sensitivity of cerebral monitoring methods for the detection of air emboli is not known. This study investigates the utility of electroencephalography and non-invasively measured cerebral oxygen saturation in the

  5. Análise clínico-qualitativa do discurso de uma criança com paralisia cerebral Análisis clinico-cualitativo del discurso de un niño con parálisis cerebral Cinical-qualitative analysis of the discourse of a child with cerebral palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giselle Massi

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a constituição processual de produções linguístico-discursivas de uma criança com paralisia cerebral, à luz de situações interativas. Apresenta o método clínico-qualitativo como forma de investigação e intervenção linguístico-discursiva, privilegiando a interação socioverbal e a relação intersubjetiva. Os dados foram coletados longitudinalmente ao longo de um ano e quatro meses e as produções linguísticas de uma criança com paralisia cerebral de quatro anos e dois meses de idade foram analisadas de uma perspectiva discursiva. Assim, distantes de avaliações e tratamentos mensuráveis, os quais se pautam em tarefas mecânicas de codificação e decodificação de palavras isoladas, nossa pesquisa pautou-se na análise processual da construção conjunta da significação. Tal análise nos permite afirmar que, mediante o processo interlocutivo, essa criança ampliou seu papel no diálogo. Observamos como ela, de um momento inicial em que apresentava apenas fragmentos de enunciados, passou a estruturar narrativas mais completas.Ese artículo propone una reflección sobre la constitución procesual de producciones linguístico-discursivas de un niño con parálisis cerebral, a la luz de situaciones interactivas. Presenta el método clínico-cualitativo y la investigación como una forma de expresión y de lenguaje, discursivas, con el énfasis en la interacción socio-verbal y en la relación intersubjetiva. Los datos fueron recogidos longitudinalmente más de un año y cuatro meses y la producción linguística de un niño con parálisis cerebral con cuatro años y dos meses de edad fueron analizados bajo una perspectiva discursiva. Por lo tanto, lejos de las evaluaciones y tratamientos que son guiados por medios mecánicos, tareas de codificación y decodificación de palabras aisladas, nuestra investigación se orienta en el análisis del procedimiento de la construcción conjunta

  6. Assessment of Genetic Fidelity in <em>Rauvolfia em>s>erpentina em>Plantlets Grown from Synthetic (Encapsulated Seeds Following <em>in Vitroem> Storage at 4 °C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Anis

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available An efficient method was developed for plant regeneration and establishment from alginate encapsulated synthetic seeds of <em>Rauvolfia serpentinaem>. Synthetic seeds were produced using <em>in vitroem> proliferated microshoots upon complexation of 3% sodium alginate prepared in Llyod and McCown woody plant medium (WPM and 100 mM calcium chloride. Re-growth ability of encapsulated nodal segments was evaluated after storage at 4 °C for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and compared with non-encapsulated buds. Effects of different media <em>viz>; Murashige and Skoog medium; Lloyd and McCown woody Plant medium, Gamborg’s B5 medium and Schenk and Hildebrandt medium was also investigated for conversion into plantlets. The maximum frequency of conversion into plantlets from encapsulated nodal segments stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks was achieved on woody plant medium supplement with 5.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. Rooting in plantlets was achieved in half-strength Murashige and Skoog liquid medium containing 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA on filter paper bridges. Plantlets obtained from stored synseeds were hardened, established successfully <em>ex vitroem> and were morphologically similar to each other as well as their mother plant. The genetic fidelity of <em>Rauvolfia em>clones raised from synthetic seeds following four weeks of storage at 4 °C were assessed by using random amplified polymorphic<em> em>DNA (RAPD and inter-simple sequence repeat<em> em>(ISSR markers. All the RAPD and ISSR profiles from generated plantlets were monomorphic and comparable<em> em>to the mother plant, which confirms the genetic<em> em>stability among the clones. This synseed protocol could be useful for establishing a particular system for conservation, short-term storage and production of genetically identical and stable plants before it is released for commercial purposes.

  7. Análise do equilíbrio estático e de deformidades nos pés de crianças com paralisia cerebral Analysis of static balance and deformities on feet of children with cerebral palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thaís Delamuta Ayres da Costa

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo analisou, por meio de um sistema de baropodometria, os tipos de pé, a influência da visão no equilíbrio estático na postura ortostática e a distribuição da pressão plantar em 16 crianças, de 6 a 15 anos, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral. Os resultados indicaram que o pé valgo foi o mais comum dentre os tipos de paralisia cerebral estudadas, diparesia espástica, hemiparesia espástica direita, hemiparesia espástica esquerda e ataxia; o equilíbrio estático na postura ortostática de olhos vendados apresentou maior instabilidade do que quando com os olhos abertos; a distribuição de pressão plantar não apresentou significância estatística e não houve correlação significativa entre a idade e as variáveis de equilíbrio e de distribuição da pressão plantar. Desse modo, conclui-se que a visão é um fator importante no controle postural de crianças com paralisia cerebral.The present study analyzed through baropodometry system, the feet's types, the vision's influence during static balance on orthostatic posture and the plantar pressure distribution in 16 children, aged from 6 to 15 years-old with diagnostic of cerebral palsy. We noted that the valgus foot was more common on the sample studied, diparetic spastic, hemiparetic spastic right, and hemiparetic spastic left and ataxic; the static balance on orthostatic posture with closed eyes was more instable compared to the orthostatic posture with opened eyes. In relation to the distribution of plantar pressure, we did not observe statistical significance and there was no correlation between age and the balance's variables and the plantar pressure's distribution. Therefore, we concluded that the vision is an important factor on postural control in children with cerebral palsy.

  8. Sulla presenza di <em>Sorex antinoriiem>, <em>Neomys anomalusem> (Insectivora, Soricidae e <em>Talpa caecaem> (Insectivora, Talpidae in Umbria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.M. Paci

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Lo scopo del contributo è di fornire un aggiornamento sulla presenza del Toporagno del Vallese <em>Sorex antinoriiem>, del Toporagno acquatico di Miller <em>Neomys anomalusem> e della Talpa cieca <em>Talpa caecaem> in Umbria, dove le specie risultano accertate ormai da qualche anno. A tal fine sono stati rivisitati i reperti collezionati e la bibliografia conosciuta. Toporagno del Vallese: elevato di recente a livello di specie da Brünner et al. (2002, altrimenti considerato sottospecie del Toporagno comune (<em>S. araneus antinoriiem>. È conservato uno di tre crani incompleti (mancano mandibole ed incisivi superiori al momento prudenzialmente riferiti a <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>antinorii>, provenienti dall?Appennino umbro-marchigiano settentrionale (dintorni di Scalocchio - PG, 590 m. s.l.m. e determinati sulla base della pigmentazione rossa degli ipoconi del M1 e M2; Toporagno acquatico di Miller: tre crani (Breda in Paci e Romano op. cit. e un esemplare intero (Paci, ined. sono stati trovati a pochi chilometri di distanza gli uni dall?altro tra i comuni di Assisi e Valfabbrica, in ambienti mediocollinari limitrofi al Parco Regionale del M.te Subasio (Perugia. In provincia di Terni la specie viene segnalata da Isotti (op. cit. per i dintorni di Orvieto. Talpa cieca: sono noti una femmina e un maschio raccolti nel comune di Pietralunga (PG, rispettivamente in una conifereta a <em>Pinus nigraem> (m. 630 s.l.m. e nelle vicinanze di un bosco misto collinare a prevalenza di <em>Quercus cerrisem> (m. 640 s.l.m.. Recentemente un terzo individuo è stato rinvenuto nel comune di Sigillo (PG, all?interno del Parco Regionale di M.te Cucco, sul margine di una faggeta a 1100 m s.l.m. In entrambi i casi l?areale della specie è risultato parapatrico con quello di <em>Talpa europaeaem>.

  9. Acute cerebral vascular accident associated with hyperperfusion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soin, J.S.; Burdine, J.A.

    1976-01-01

    Cerebral radionuclide angiography can demonstrate decreased or normal radioactivity in the affected region during the arterial phase in patients who have sustained a cerebral vascular accident and thus enhances the diagnostic specificity of the static brain image. In an occasional patient, however, a seemingly paradoxical pattern of regional hyperperfusion with a return to normal or subnormal perfusion following the acute phase has been observed. This phenomenon, called luxury perfusion, has been defined using intra-arterial 133 Xe for semiquantitative cerebral blood flow measurements and should be kept in mind as a potentially misleading cerebral imaging pattern

  10. Neuroimaging of cerebral vasculitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wengenroth, M.; Saam, T.; Haehnel, S.

    2016-01-01

    Cerebral vasculitis can have a variety of origins. Furthermore, there are no vasculitis-specific symptoms or imaging signs and vasculitis of the CNS can mimic many other neurological diseases, which require different treatment approaches. Thus, the clinical and radiological diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis is challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA) should be the radiological imaging methods of choice to assess the degree of parenchymal damage and to detect vessel wall changes. If the results are unclear digital subtraction angiography (DSA) should be pursued in order to also detect changes in medium sized vessels. Vasculitis of small vessels cannot be detected by vascular imaging and requires brain or leptomeningeal biopsy. In this review we present the current diagnostic approach and a variety of imaging findings in cerebral vasculitis and discuss the main radiological differential diagnoses. (orig.) [de

  11. Diaschisis with cerebral infarction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Slater, R.; Reivich, M.; Goldberg, H.; Banka, R.; Greenberg, J.

    1977-01-01

    Fifteen patients admitted to Philadelphia General Hospital with acute strokes had repeated measurements of cerebral blood flow measured by the /sup 133/X inhalation method. A progressive decline in cerebral blood flow in both hemispheres was observed during the first week after infarction in twelve of these patients. This decline could be partially explained by loss of autoregulation, but could not be correlated with level of consciousness, clinical status of PCO2. This progressive decline in flow in the non-ischemic hemisphere indicates a process more complex than a simple destruction of axonal afferants to neurons as implied by the term diaschisis. The flow changes in the non-ischemic hemisphere are likely caused by a combination of the immediate effects of decreased neuronal stimulation modified by loss of autoregulation, release of vasoactive substances, cerebral edema, and other factors.

  12. Cerebral hemodynamics in migraine

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hachinski, V C; Olesen, Jes; Norris, J W

    1977-01-01

    Clinical and angiographic findings in migraine are briefly reviewed in relation to cerebral hemodynamic changes shown by regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies. Three cases of migraine studied by the intracarotid xenon 133 method during attacks are reported. In classic migraine, with typical...... prodromal symptoms, a decrease in cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated during the aura. Occasionally, this flow decrease persists during the headache phase. In common migraine, where such prodromata are not seen, a flow decrease has not been demonstrated. During the headache phase of both types...... of migraine, rCBF has usually been found to be normal or in the high range of normal values. The high values may represent postischemic hyperemia, but are probably more frequently secondary to arousal caused by pain. Thus, during the headache phase rCBF may be subnormal, normal or high. These findings do...

  13. Effects of CDP-choline on neurologic deficits and cerebral glucose metabolism in a rat model of cerebral ischemia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kakihana, M.; Fukuda, N.; Suno, M.; Nagaoka, A.

    1988-02-01

    The effects of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) on neurologic deficits and cerebral glucose metabolism were studied in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding both common carotid arteries for 20 or 30 minutes 24 hours after the vertebral arteries were permanently occluded by electrocautery. CDP-choline was administered intraperitoneally twice daily for 4 days after reestablishing carotid blood flow. CDP-choline at two dosages (50 and 250 mg/kg) shortened the time required for recovery of spontaneous motor activity in a dose-related manner; recovery time was measured early after reperfusion. Neurologic signs were observed for 10 days. High-dose CDP-choline improved neurologic signs in the rats within 20-30 minutes of ischemia. When cerebral glucose metabolism was assessed on Day 4, increases in the levels of glucose and pyruvate were accompanied by decreases in the synthesis of labeled acetylcholine from uniformly labeled (/sup 14/C)glucose measured in the cerebral cortex of rats with 30 minutes of ischemia. High-dose CDP-choline also attenuated changes in these variables. CDP-(1,2-/sup 14/C)choline injected intravenously 10 minutes after reperfusion was used for membrane lipid biosynthesis. These results indicate that CDP-choline has beneficial effects on brain dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia, which may be due in part to the restorative effects of CDP-choline on disturbed cerebral glucose metabolism, probably by stimulating phospholipid biosynthesis.

  14. Effects of CDP-choline on neurologic deficits and cerebral glucose metabolism in a rat model of cerebral ischemia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kakihana, M.; Fukuda, N.; Suno, M.; Nagaoka, A.

    1988-01-01

    The effects of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) on neurologic deficits and cerebral glucose metabolism were studied in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding both common carotid arteries for 20 or 30 minutes 24 hours after the vertebral arteries were permanently occluded by electrocautery. CDP-choline was administered intraperitoneally twice daily for 4 days after reestablishing carotid blood flow. CDP-choline at two dosages (50 and 250 mg/kg) shortened the time required for recovery of spontaneous motor activity in a dose-related manner; recovery time was measured early after reperfusion. Neurologic signs were observed for 10 days. High-dose CDP-choline improved neurologic signs in the rats within 20-30 minutes of ischemia. When cerebral glucose metabolism was assessed on Day 4, increases in the levels of glucose and pyruvate were accompanied by decreases in the synthesis of labeled acetylcholine from uniformly labeled [ 14 C]glucose measured in the cerebral cortex of rats with 30 minutes of ischemia. High-dose CDP-choline also attenuated changes in these variables. CDP-[1,2- 14 C]choline injected intravenously 10 minutes after reperfusion was used for membrane lipid biosynthesis. These results indicate that CDP-choline has beneficial effects on brain dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia, which may be due in part to the restorative effects of CDP-choline on disturbed cerebral glucose metabolism, probably by stimulating phospholipid biosynthesis

  15. Four Novel Cellulose Synthase (CESA Genes from <em>Birch> (<em>Betula platyphylla em>Suk. Involved in Primary and Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuemei Liu

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Cellulose synthase (CESA, which is an essential catalyst for the generation of plant cell wall biomass, is mainly encoded by the <em>CesA> gene family that contains ten or more members. In this study; four full-length cDNAs encoding CESA were isolated from<em> Betula platyphyllaem> Suk., which is an important timber species, using RT-PCR combined with the RACE method and were named as <em>BplCesA3em>, <em>−4em>,> −7 em>and> −8em>. These deduced CESAs contained the same typical domains and regions as their <em>Arabidopsis> homologs. The cDNA lengths differed among these four genes, as did the locations of the various protein domains inferred from the deduced amino acid sequences, which shared amino acid sequence identities ranging from only 63.8% to 70.5%. Real-time RT-PCR showed that all four <em>BplCesAs> were expressed at different levels in diverse tissues. Results indicated that BplCESA8 might be involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and floral development. BplCESA3 appeared in a unique expression pattern and was possibly involved in primary cell wall biosynthesis and seed development; it might also be related to the homogalacturonan synthesis. BplCESA7 and BplCESA4 may be related to the formation of a cellulose synthase complex and participate mainly in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The extremely low expression abundance of the four BplCESAs in mature pollen suggested very little involvement of them in mature pollen formation in <em>Betula>. The distinct expression pattern of the four <em>BplCesAs> suggested they might participate in developments of various tissues and that they are possibly controlled by distinct mechanisms in <em>Betula.>

  16. Microsatellite Loci in the Gypsophyte <em>Lepidium subulatum em>(Brassicaceae, and Transferability to Other <em>Lepidieae>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Ibero-North African, strict gypsophyte <em>Lepidium subulatumem> to unravel the effects of habitat fragmentation in levels of genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow among its populations. Using 454 pyrosequencing 12 microsatellite loci including di- and tri-nucleotide repeats were characterized in <em>L. subulatumem>. They amplified a total of 80 alleles (2–12 alleles per locus in a sample of 35 individuals of <em>L. subulatumem>, showing relatively high levels of genetic diversity, <em>H>O = 0.645, <em>H>E = 0.627. Cross-species transferability of all 12 loci was successful for the Iberian endemics <em>Lepidium cardaminesem>, <em>Lepidium stylatumem>, and the widespread, <em>Lepidium graminifoliumem> and one species each of two related genera, <em>Cardaria drabaem> and <em>Coronopus didymusem>. These microsatellite primers will be useful to investigate genetic diversity, population structure and to address conservation genetics in species of <em>Lepidium>.

  17. Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation after Cardiopulmonary Bypass

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christiansen, Claus Behrend; Berg, Ronan M G; Plovsing, Ronni R

    2016-01-01

    Background Cerebral hemodynamic disturbances in the peri- or postoperative period may contribute to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We therefore examined dynamic cerebral autoregulation (d...

  18. Cetoacidose diabética em crianças: perfil de tratamento em hospital universitário Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: treatment profile at a university hospital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lelma Castro

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características de crianças com cetoacidose diabética (CAD tratadas no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo de variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais de 74 internações por CAD em 49 pacientes no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2003. RESULTADOS: Doze pacientes tiveram mais de uma internação, 27 eram do sexo feminino e a idade variou de 0,9 a 14,5 anos. O tempo médio de DM1 foi de 3 ± 3,1 anos, sendo em 20 casos a primeira manifestação do DM1. A CAD foi classificada em grave em 51% e moderada em 30%, 17 apresentaram choque e 13 coma na admissão. O tempo decorrido para a normalização da glicemia, do pH e do bicarbonato apresentou correlação significativa positiva com o valor inicial. Em apenas três internações foi usado o bicarbonato endovenoso. O potássio inicial variou de 3,1 a 5,9 mEq/l, sendo 8% com valores abaixo de 3,5 e 62% acima de 4,5. A hipoglicemia ocorreu em 10 internações e o edema cerebral com óbito em uma. O tempo total de tratamento correlacionou-se significativamente com o tempo de fluidoterapia, o local de internação e o tempo para normalização do pH. CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra estudada houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo feminino, abaixo de 10 anos, com manifestação grave da doença, porém com boa evolução e poucas complicações. As internações corresponderam, em sua maioria, a um pequeno número de pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA treated at the UNICAMP "Hospital de Clínicas". METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of clinical and laboratory variables of 74 admissions related to 49 patients bearers of DKA, between January 1994 and December 2003. RESULTS: Twelve patients were admitted more than once, 27 were females and ages ranged from 0.9 to 14.5 years. The mean time from DM1 diagnosis to admission was 3 ± 3.1 years and 20 cases presented with DKA at the onset of

  19. A Means for the Scintigraphic Imaging of Regional Brain Dynamics. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Regional Cerebral Blood Volume

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Potchen, E. J.; Bentley, R.; Gerth, W.; Hill, R. L.; Davis, D. O. [Washington University School Of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)

    1969-05-15

    The use of freely diffusable inert radioactive gas as a washout indicator to measure regional cerebral blood flow has become a standardized kinetic procedure in many laboratories. Recent investigations with this technique have led us to conclude that we can reliably distinguish regional flow with perfusion against regional flow without perfusion from the early portion of the curve. Based on a detailed study of the early curve kinetics in patients with and without cerebral vascular disease we have defined the sampling duration necessary for application of the Anger gamma camera imaging process to regional changes in cerebral radioactivity. Using a standard camera and a small computer, a procedure has been developed and based upon entire field to determine the time of maximum height followed by analysis of the data in a matrix. This will permit a contour plot presentation of calculated regional cerebral blood flow in millilitres per 100 grams perfused brain per minute. In addition, we propose to augment this data by the display of regional non-perfusion blood flow versus regional cerebral flow with perfusion. Preliminary investigation on sampling duration, and Compton scattering were prerequisite to clinical scintigraphy of regional cerebral blood flow. In addition, the method of interface for the conventional Anger gamma camera to digital computers used in this procedure are discussed. Applications to further assess regional cerebral dynamics by scintigraphy are presented. (author)

  20. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in cerebral ischemia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rijen, P.C. van.

    1991-01-01

    In-vivo proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to detect changes in cerebral metabolism during ischemia and other types of metabolic stress. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in an animal model to observe morphological alterations during focal cerebral ischemia. Spectroscopy was performed in animal models with global ischemia, in volunteers during hyperventilation and pharmaco-logically altered cerebral perfusion, and in patients with acute and prolonged focal cerebral ischemia. (author). 396 refs.; 44 figs.; 14 tabs

  1. Avaliação da flexibilidade pelo método do Flexômetro de Wells em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral submetidas a tratamento hidroterapêutico: estudo de casos - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v32i2.8019 Flexibility evaluation by the method of Wells’ Flexometer in children with Cerebral Palsy submitted to hydrotherapy treatment: study of the cases - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v32i2.8019

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Avaliar a flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, utilizando o método proposto por Wells e Dillon, antes e após cada sessão de hidroterapia. Foi verificada a flexibilidade de três crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC diparéticas, com idades entre sete a dez anos. Os valores de flexibilidade foram aferidos, utilizando o Flexômetro de Wells. Houve aumento significativo da flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior dos pacientes após cada sessão de hidroterapia, tanto na avaliação em grupo quanto individual, assim como antes da primeira sessão de hidroterapia quando comparada com a última. O estudo sugere que a hidroterapia promove melhora da flexibilidade em relação à cadeia muscular posterior de crianças com PC diparéticas, pelo relaxamento global e consequente diminuição do tônus muscular, quando associada a exercícios de alongamentos passivos.To evaluate the flexibility of the posterior muscle chain using the method proposed by Wells and Dillon, before and after each hydrotherapy session. The study verified the flexibility of three children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP, aged 7 to 10. The values of flexibility were measured using the Wells’ Flexometer. There was a significant increase in the flexibility of posterior muscle chain of the patients after each session of hydrotherapy, both in the individual evaluation and in the group, as well as before the first session of hydrotherapy compared to the last. The study suggests that hydrotherapy promotes the improvement of flexibility, by relaxation of muscle tone of children with diplegic CP, in relation to the posterior muscle chain, when combined with passive stretching exercises.

  2. Aplicação do prognóstico de deambulação em crianças com paralisia cerebral descrito por Souza e Ferraretto

    OpenAIRE

    Sehoen, Alessandra Cristina Brito; Ricci, Eliane; Oliveira, Weber Gutemberg de

    2008-01-01

    A Paralisia Cerebral como é popularmente conhecida, proporciona as crianças alterações motoras, sensoriais, cognitivas que as fazem apresentar um desenvolvimento diferente das crianças normais. A pesquisa teve como finalidade comprovar a eficácia do prognóstico de deambulação para crianças com Paralisia Cerebral descrita por Souza e Ferraretto. O nosso objetivo foi identificar e comprovar através de pesquisas com cri...

  3. Análise de conceito do resultado de enfermagem Mobilidade em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafaella Pessoa Moreira

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi realizar análise do conceito do resultado de enfermagem Mobilidade em paciente com AVC. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio de acesso on-line às bases: Scopus, Pubmed, Cinahl, Cochrane e Lilacs, usando-se os descritores: mobility, stroke, nursing e sinonímias nas línguas portuguesa e espanhola. Identificaram-se 1.521 artigos de que, após seleção criteriosa, resultaram 49. Destacam-se artigos publicados no Canadá (26,7%, a partir de 2001 (95,9%, por fisioterapeutas (34,6%, em unidades de reabilitação (61,5%. Atributos identificados para Mobilidade: andar, ficar em pé, sentar, colocar a perna de um lado para outro, virar-se, iniciar e parar a locomoção, subir escadas, função motora, transferência e habilidade motora. Também foi construído caso modelo, caso contrário e identificados antecedentes: controle postural e equilíbrio; e consequentes: realiza tarefas no interior e exterior da casa e deambula sem dificuldade. Os conceitos do resultado Mobilidade encontrados nesta pesquisa precisam ser validados com especialistas na área e na prática clínica.

  4. Central nervous system abnormalities in patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (Goldenhar syndrome Anormalidades do sistema nervoso central em pacientes com espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (síndrome de Goldenhar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the central nervous system (CNS alterations present in a sample of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS patients, trying to correlate them with other clinical features. METHOD: Seventeen patients with diagnosis of OAVS were evaluated. All presented radiological evaluation of the CNS, normal GTG-Banding karyotype and clinical features involving at least two from the four following areas: oro-cranio-facial, ocular, auricular and vertebral. RESULTS: CNS alterations were verified in eight from seventeen patients (47%. Diffuse cerebral hypoplasia, dilated lateral cerebral ventricles (asymptomatic hydrocephalus, corpus callosum dysgenesis and frontal hypodensities were the most frequent abnormalities. Presence of ophthalmologic abnormalities was the only clinical association observed, being significantly more frequent among patients with cerebral alterations (63% versus 11%. CONCLUSION: CNS abnormalities are frequent in patients with OAVS, especially in carriers of ophthalmologic alterations. However, the absence of detectable cerebral abnormalities did not exclude the possibility that these subjects will subsequently present neurological symptoms.OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações do sistema nervoso central (SNC presentes em uma amostra de pacientes com espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (EOAV, tentando correlacioná-las com os demais achados clínicos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados dezessete pacientes com diagnóstico de EOAV. Todos apresentavam avaliação radiológica do SNC, cariótipo por bandas GTG normal e achados clínicos em pelo menos duas das quatro das seguintes áreas: oro-crânio-facial, ocular, auricular e vertebral. RESULTADOS: Alterações do SNC foram verificadas em oito dos dezessete pacientes (47%. Hipoplasia cerebral difusa, dilatação dos ventrículos cerebrais laterais (hidrocefalia assintomática, disgenesia do corpo caloso e hipondesidades frontais foram as anormalidades mais frequentes. A presença de

  5. The early markers for later dyskinetic cerebral palsy are different from those for spastic cerebral palsy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Einspieler, C; Cioni, G; Paolicelli, PB; Bos, AF; Dressler, A; Ferrari, F; Roversi, MF; Prechtl, HFR

    Qualitative abnormalities of spontaneous motor activity in new-borns and young infants are early predictive markers for later spastic cerebral palsy. Aim of this research was to identify which motor patterns may be specific for later dyskinetic cerebral palsy. In a large, prospectively performed

  6. Constituents from <em>Vigna em>vexillata> and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guo-Feng Chen

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The seeds of <em>Vigna em>genus are important food resources and there have already been many reports regarding their bioactivities. In our preliminary bioassay, the chloroform layer of methanol extracts of<em> V. vexillata em>demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Therefore, the present research is aimed to purify and identify the anti-inflammatory principles of <em>V. vexillataem>. One new sterol (1 and two new isoflavones (2,3 were reported from the natural sources for the first time and their chemical structures were determined by the spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. In addition, 37 known compounds were identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. Among the isolates, daidzein (23, abscisic acid (25, and quercetin (40 displayed the most significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release.

  7. Duplicated middle cerebral artery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perez, Jesus; Machado, Calixto; Scherle, Claudio; Hierro, Daniel

    2009-01-01

    Duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA) is an anomalous vessel arising from the internal carotid artery. The incidence DMCA is relatively law, and an association between this anomaly and cerebral aneurysms has been documented. There is a controversy whether DMCA may have perforating arteries. This is an important fact to consider in aneurysm surgery. We report the case of a 34-year-old black woman who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage and the angiography a left DMCA, and an aneurysm in an inferior branch of the main MCA. The DMCA and the MCA had perforating arteries. The aneurysm was clipped without complications. The observation of perforating arteries in our patient confirms that the DMCA may have perforating arteries. This is very important to be considered in cerebral aneurysms surgery. Moreover, the DMCA may potentially serve as a collateral blood supply to the MCA territory in cases of MCA occlusion. PMID:22140405

  8. Cerebral specialization. [greater performance efficiency for certain mental abilities or processes by one cerebral hemisphere over another

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morris, Robin D.; Hopkins, William D.; Rumbaugh, Duane M.

    1991-01-01

    The concept of greater performance efficiency for certain mental abilities or processes in one cerebral hemisphere rather than the other is referred to as 'cerebral lateralization'. The experimental paradigm for lateralization research involves the study of patients with one damaged hemisphere, which prevents their performance of a certain task or function; this approach, however, presents many difficulties in extrapolating to brain function in normal patients. Attention is presently given to gender differences in lateralization, cerebral asymmetries in other species, and the evolutionary bases of hemispheric specialization.

  9. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of Cd (II Complex with <em>N-Benzenesulphonyl-L>-leucine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xishi Tai

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available A new trinuclear Cd (II complex [Cd3(L6(2,2-bipyridine3] [L =<em> Nem>-phenylsulfonyl-L>-leucinato] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The results show that the complex belongs to the orthorhombic, space group<em> Pem>212121 with<em> aem> = 16.877(3 Å, <em>b> em>= 22.875(5 Å, <em>c em>= 29.495(6 Å, <em>α> em>= <emem>= <emem>= 90°, <em>V> em>= 11387(4 Å3, <em>Z> em>= 4, <em>Dc>= 1.416 μg·m−3, <emem>= 0.737 mm−1, <em>F> em>(000 = 4992, and final <em>R>1 = 0.0390, <em>ωR>2 = 0.0989. The complex comprises two seven-coordinated Cd (II atoms, with a N2O5 distorted pengonal bipyramidal coordination environment and a six-coordinated Cd (II atom, with a N2O4 distorted octahedral coordination environment. The molecules form one dimensional chain structure by the interaction of bridged carboxylato groups, hydrogen bonds and p-p interaction of 2,2-bipyridine. The luminescent properties of the Cd (II complex and <em>N-Benzenesulphonyl-L>-leucine in solid and in CH3OH solution also have been investigated.

  10. Validation of a Cerebral Palsy Register

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Topp, Monica; Langhoff-Roos, Jens; Uldall, P.

    1997-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: To analyse completeness and validity of data in the Cerebral Palsy Register in Denmark, 1979-1982. METHODS: Completeness has been assessed by comparing data from The Danish National Patient Register (DNPR) with the cases included in the Cerebral Palsy Register (CPR). Agreement between......, but gestational age was subject to a systematic error, and urinary infections in pregnancy (kappa = 0.43) and placental abruption (kappa = 0.52) were seriously under-reported in the CPR. CONCLUSIONS: Completeness of the Cerebral Palsy Register in Denmark, 1979-1982, has been assessed to maximal 85%, emphasizing...

  11. Relationship between blood uric and acute cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yin Zhanxia; Zhao Danyang

    2011-01-01

    Objective: To study the relationship between blood uric acid and acute cerebral infarction. Methods: The level of blood uric acid and prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) were compared in 360 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 300 patients without it. According to the level of blood uric acid, 360 acute cerebral infarction patients were divided into HUA and normouricemia (NUA) groups. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and total cholesterol were compared between the HUA and NUA group. The degree of neurological functional defection was compared between the two groups when patients were attacked by acute cerebral infarction. After a recovery treatment, the neurological functional defection of the two groups was compared a second time. Results: (1)The average blood uric acid level and prevalence of HUA were higher in patients with acute cerebral infarction. (2) The BMI, blood glucose and total cholesterol were higher in HUA group than in NUA group. (3) The neurological functional defection was more serious in HUA group when patients were attacked by acute cerebral infarction and after a recovery treatment. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is related to acute cerebral infarction. (authors)

  12. Cerebral asymmetry in a selected Chinese population

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Y.X.; He, G.X.; Tong, G.H.; Wang, D.B.; Xu, K.Y.

    1999-01-01

    Previous studies have demonstrated anatomical differences between the two cerebral hemispheres and ethnic differences in cerebral asymmetry. This study examined asymmetry of Chinese living in Shanghai. Measurements were taken across the frontal, mid-cerebral and occipital regions from normal head computed tomography (CT) scans of 200 Chinese Shanghai residents (100 male and 100 female, aged 6-73 years, average 48.7 years). The results were compared with reported data in the literature. The following results were found: (i) In the frontal region the right side was larger than the left in 57.5% of cases, equal in 10.5% and smaller in 32% of cases; in the mid-cerebral region the right side was larger than the left in 65.5% of cases, equal in 12.5% and smaller in 22% of cases; in the occipital regions the right side was larger than the left in 34.5% of cases, equal in 8.5% and smaller in 57% of cases. The average right-left differences between the frontal, mid-cerebral and occipital regions were 0.43 mm, 0.9 mm and 0.4 mm respectively. No difference in cerebral asymmetry existed between males and females. The occipital lobes showed the greatest individual asymmetry. The distribution of cerebral asymmetry of Chinese in Shanghai showed similarity to North American Whites rather than North American Blacks, but the average right-left differences were smaller than those of Whites. Copyright (1999) Blackwell Science Pty Ltd

  13. <em>N>-Substituted 5-Chloro-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2<em>H>-ones: Synthesis, Insecticidal Activity Against <em>Plutella xylostella em>(L. and SAR Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Song Yang

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available A series of <em>N>-substituted 5-chloro-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2<em>H>-one derivatives were synthesized based on our previous work; all compounds were characterized by spectral data and tested for <em>in vitroem> insecticidal activity against <em>Plutella xylostellaem>. The results showed that the synthesized pyridazin-3(2<em>H>-one compounds possessed good insecticidal activities, especially the compounds 4b, 4d, and 4h which showed > 90% activity at 100 mg/L. The structure-activity relationships (SAR for these compounds were also discussed.

  14. Avaliação nasofibrolaringoscópica da deglutição em crianças Nasoendoscopic evaluation of deglutition in children

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    Dayse Manrique

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: As alterações da deglutição em crianças têm sido pouco estudadas, especialmente nas portadoras de doenças neurológicas, como a paralisia cerebral. No entanto, estas são freqüentes, levando a grande comprometimento das condições clínicas, devido às infecções pulmonares crônicas e complicações decorrentes da desnutrição. Forma de estudo: Prospectivo clínico não randomizado. Objetivo: Verificar a aplicabilidade da nasofibrolaringoscopia na avaliação funcional da deglutição em crianças e as alterações observadas à fase faríngea. Material e método: No período de março de 1998 a março de 2000, realizamos a avaliação funcional da deglutição, através da nasofibrolaringoscopia, em 134 crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral, com quadro clínico sugestivo de disfagia e idade entre quatro meses e 14 anos (idade média de 5,3 anos, sendo 126 meninos (57,8% e 92 meninas (42,2%. Resultados: No nosso estudo, nenhuma criança apresentou complicação ou intercorrências durante o exame ou complicação infecciosa decorrente de aspiração após o mesmo. Entre as alterações da deglutição, o escape precoce do alimento para a faringe foi a mais freqüente, ocorrendo em 72 crianças (53,7%. A aspiração traqueal ocorreu mais na testagem da consistência líquida, sendo observada em 45 crianças (33,6%, enquanto que a consistência pastosa deu-se em 20 crianças (14,9%. Houve concordância regular entre a ocorrência de escape precoce e aspiração traqueal. Conclusão: Concluímos que o exame é seguro para ser realizado em crianças, e permite a avaliação objetiva da fase faríngea da deglutição, fornecendo importantes informações, que poderão contribuir na orientação da alimentação dessas crianças.Introduction: Very little has been published about the disorders of deglutition in children with neurological impairment. The swallowing difficutties found by children with cerebral palsy are

  15. Symptomatic unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Features and surgical outcome

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Date, Isao

    2010-01-01

    Development of less invasive imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance angiography, has increased the chances that unruptured cerebral aneurysms are found. The rupture risk of 'symptomatic' aneurysms is higher than for 'asymptomatic' aneurysms; so 'symptomatic' aneurysms are more often surgically treated. Many reviews examine 'asymptomatic' unruptured cerebral aneurysms, but few evaluate 'symptomatic' aneurysms. The author has treated many patients with symptomatic unruptured cerebral aneurysms and found that improved cranial nerve signs can be expected if the surgical treatment is performed before the symptoms become irreversible; the critical period is approximately 3 months. It is important to suppress the pulsation of the aneurysms compressing the cranial nerves; both a clipping procedure and endovascular coiling are effective. Cranial nerve signs are more commonly the symptoms of unruptured cerebral aneurysms, but large to giant aneurysms can also be the causes of hemiparesis, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, or even cerebral infarction. This review summarizes the features and surgical outcome of symptomatic unruptured cerebral aneurysms. (author)

  16. Regulatory mechanism of endothelin receptor B in the cerebral arteries after focal cerebral ischemia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grell, Anne-Sofie; Thigarajah, Rushani; Edvinsson, Lars

    2014-01-01

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased expression of endothelin receptor type B (ETBR), a vasoactive receptor, has recently been implied in the reduced cerebral blood flow and exacerbated neuronal damage after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The study explores the regulatory mechanisms of ETBR to identify...... drug targets to restore normal cerebral artery contractile function as part of successful neuroprotective therapy. METHODS: We have employed in vitro methods on human and rat cerebral arteries to study the regulatory mechanisms and the efficacy of target selective inhibitor, Mithramycin A (Mit...... the ETBR mRNA and protein levels. It also significantly reduced the ETBR mediated cerebrovascular contractility. Detailed analysis indicated that ERK1/2 mediated phosphorylation of Sp1 might be essential for ETBR transcription. CONCLUSION: Transcription factor Sp1 regulates the ETBR mediated...

  17. Reabilitação da disfagia orofaríngea em crianças com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática da abordagem fonoaudiológica

    OpenAIRE

    Hirata,Gisela Carmona; Santos,Rosane Sampaio

    2012-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: Estima-se 30.000 a 40.000 novos casos de paralisia cerebral, por ano, no Brasil. Os transtornos motores causados pela paralisia cerebral podem acarretar alterações na deglutição uma vez que alteram as fases preparatória, oral, faríngea e esofágica. OBJETIVO: Identificar os métodos de reabilitação existentes, na área da disfagia, nos casos de paralisia cerebral, com ênfase na busca por pesquisas que utilizaram os métodos neuroevolutivo Bobath, método Rodolfo Castillo Morales, terap...

  18. Memoria lexico-semantica no comprometimento cognitivo leve amnestico e doença de Alzheimer leve : aspectos neuropsicologicos, de neuroimagem estrutural e modelo de organização cerebral

    OpenAIRE

    Marcio Luiz Figueredo Balthazar

    2008-01-01

    Resumo: A organização cerebral da memória léxico-semântica, assim como suas alterações em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA) leve e Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve amnéstico (CCLa) não são completamente conhecidas. Neste estudo, avaliamos o desempenho de pacientes com DA leve, CCLa e idosos normais em testes léxico-semânticos como o Teste de Nomeação de Boston (TNB), Teste de Similaridades do CAMCOG e Fluência Verbal (FV) para categoria animais, além de outros domínios cognitivos. Aprofund...

  19. Cerebral energy metabolism during induced mitochondrial dysfunction

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, T H; Bindslev, TT; Pedersen, S M

    2013-01-01

    In patients with traumatic brain injury as well as stroke, impaired cerebral oxidative energy metabolism may be an important factor contributing to the ultimate degree of tissue damage. We hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction can be diagnosed bedside by comparing the simultaneous changes...... in brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO(2)) and cerebral cytoplasmatic redox state. The study describes cerebral energy metabolism during mitochondrial dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in piglets....

  20. Cerebral blood flow response to functional activation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Paulson, Olaf B; Hasselbalch, Steen G; Rostrup, Egill

    2010-01-01

    Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate are normally coupled, that is an increase in metabolic demand will lead to an increase in flow. However, during functional activation, CBF and glucose metabolism remain coupled as they increase in proportion, whereas oxygen metabolism only inc...... the cerebral tissue's increased demand for glucose supply during neural activation with recent evidence supporting a key function for astrocytes in rCBF regulation....

  1. Diffusion-weighted MRI in acute cerebral stroke

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Takayama, Hideichi; Kobayashi, Masahito; Suga, Sadao; Kawase, Takeshi; Nagasawa, Masakazu; Sadanaga, Humiko; Okamura, Miyuki; Kanai, Yoshihiro; Mihara, Ban [Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isezaki, Gunma (Japan)

    1999-03-01

    Diffusion-weighted MRI has been demonstrated to be valuable in the assessment of cerebral stroke. Recent advance in MR systems of hardware with larger maximum gradient amplitude and faster imaging strategies, such as EPI, has made it possible to acquire whole brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in less that one minute. The purposes of this study are to evaluate clinical usefulness of DWI and to clarify pitfalls in the diagnosis of acute cerebral stroke. Seventeen patients with 18 ischemic lesions were studied. DWI were taken with 1.5 Tesla MRI (Magnetom Vision, Siemens, Germany) using EPI sequence. Fifteen lesions out of them (3 in cerebral cortex, 9 in basal ganglia/deep white matter and 3 in cerebellum) were studied serially at various times up to 147 days. Acute cerebral infarction was seen clearly as an area of hyperintensity with DWI and as hypointensity in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps which are indicative of decreased diffusion. DWI detected areas of hyperintense acute infarcts, as early as 2.5 hours after onset, which were not visualized on T{sub 2}-weighted image (T2WI). The lesion of cerebral infarction became isointense in ADC maps at 14-28 days after onset, whereas with DWI it became isointense at about 2 months. Because ADC changed earlier than DWI, ADC maps were useful for differentiate acute from nonacute lesion in cases of recurrent stroke within a short period. In a patient with transient global amnesia for 7 hours, DWI did not show any lesion at 8 hours. In terms of cerebral hemorrhage, lesions were seen as area of hyperintensity in DWI at 3 days and were not distinguishable from that of infarct. Despite limitations in the diagnosis of transient ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage, DWI is a useful technique for early detection of cerebral infarction, especially within the first 6 hours after stroke onset. (author)

  2. Diffusion-weighted MRI in acute cerebral stroke

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takayama, Hideichi; Kobayashi, Masahito; Suga, Sadao; Kawase, Takeshi; Nagasawa, Masakazu; Sadanaga, Humiko; Okamura, Miyuki; Kanai, Yoshihiro; Mihara, Ban

    1999-01-01

    Diffusion-weighted MRI has been demonstrated to be valuable in the assessment of cerebral stroke. Recent advance in MR systems of hardware with larger maximum gradient amplitude and faster imaging strategies, such as EPI, has made it possible to acquire whole brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in less that one minute. The purposes of this study are to evaluate clinical usefulness of DWI and to clarify pitfalls in the diagnosis of acute cerebral stroke. Seventeen patients with 18 ischemic lesions were studied. DWI were taken with 1.5 Tesla MRI (Magnetom Vision, Siemens, Germany) using EPI sequence. Fifteen lesions out of them (3 in cerebral cortex, 9 in basal ganglia/deep white matter and 3 in cerebellum) were studied serially at various times up to 147 days. Acute cerebral infarction was seen clearly as an area of hyperintensity with DWI and as hypointensity in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps which are indicative of decreased diffusion. DWI detected areas of hyperintense acute infarcts, as early as 2.5 hours after onset, which were not visualized on T 2 -weighted image (T2WI). The lesion of cerebral infarction became isointense in ADC maps at 14-28 days after onset, whereas with DWI it became isointense at about 2 months. Because ADC changed earlier than DWI, ADC maps were useful for differentiate acute from nonacute lesion in cases of recurrent stroke within a short period. In a patient with transient global amnesia for 7 hours, DWI did not show any lesion at 8 hours. In terms of cerebral hemorrhage, lesions were seen as area of hyperintensity in DWI at 3 days and were not distinguishable from that of infarct. Despite limitations in the diagnosis of transient ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage, DWI is a useful technique for early detection of cerebral infarction, especially within the first 6 hours after stroke onset. (author)

  3. Sequential assessment of regional cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral blood volume, and blood-brain barrier in focal cerebral ischemia: a case report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Di Piero, V.; Perani, D.; Savi, A.; Gerundini, P.; Lenzi, G.L.; Fazio, F.

    1986-01-01

    Regional CBF (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were evaluated by N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2)-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-[123I]iodobenzyl-1, 3-propanediamine-2 HCl- and /sup 99m/TC-labeled red blood cells, respectively, and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in a patient with focal cerebral ischemia. Sequential transmission computerized tomography (TCT) and SPECT functional data were compared with clinical findings to monitor the pathophysiological events occurring in stroke. A lack of correlation between rCBF-rCBV distributions and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was found in the acute phase. In the face of more prolonged alteration of BBB, as seen by TCT enhancement, a rapid evolution of transient phenomena such as luxury perfusion was shown by SPECT studies. Follow-up of the patient demonstrated a correlation between the neurological recovery and a parallel relative improvement of the cerebral perfusion

  4. Evaluation of radiation risk and work practices during cerebral interventions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Livingstone, Roshan S; Raghuram, L; Korah, Ipeson P; Raj, D Victor [Department of Radiodiagnosis, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004 (India)

    2003-09-01

    This study was intended to evaluate radiation risk to patients during cerebral interventions and the contribution to this risk from work practices. Thirty nine patients undergoing cerebral interventions in a digital subtraction angiography suite were included in this study. Patients who underwent cerebral interventions were categorised into two groups according to the number of cerebral interventions performed on them, and their effective doses were calculated. The effective dose for patients undergoing a single cerebral intervention (group A) varied from 1.55 to 15.9 mSv and for multiple cerebral interventions (group B) varied from 16.52 to 43.52 mSv. Two patients who underwent multiple cerebral interventions (group B) had alopecia of the irradiated scalp.

  5. Development and face validity of a cerebral visual impairment motor questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Salavati, Masoud; Waninge, Aly; Rameckers, E.A.A.; van der Steen, J; Krijnen, W.P.; van der Schans, C.P.; Steenbergen, B.

    2016-01-01

    AIM: The objectives of this study were (i) to develop two cerebral visual impairment motor questionnaires (CVI-MQ's) for children with cerebral palsy (CP): one for children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I, II and III and one for children with GMFCS levels IV and V;

  6. Development and face validity of a cerebral visual impairment motor questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Salavati, M.; Waninge, A.; Rameckers, E. A. A.; van der Steen, J.; Krijnen, W. P.; van der Schans, C. P.; Steenbergen, B.

    Aim The objectives of this study were (i) to develop two cerebral visual impairment motor questionnaires (CVI-MQ's) for children with cerebral palsy (CP): one for children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I, II and III and one for children with GMFCS levels IV and V;

  7. NEYROPSYCHOLOGICAL CONSECUENCES OF CEREBRAL PALSY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ANA MARÍA NAVARRO MELENDRO

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral Palsy is defined as a movement alteration result of a non progressive damage witch is permanent in anencephalon that has not acquired its final maturation. Patients that suffer cerebral palsy present learning disabilities,that varies between being completely normal to severe as a consequence of memory, gnosis, praxis, perceptive andlanguage impairments. Nevertheless the consequences of this disease are not always predictable. This paper pretendsto make a description of the cognitive and behavioral deficits that overcomes along with the manifestation of thecerebral palsy and its possible treatment. We used a complete neuropsychological battery to evaluate a 7 years oldpatient who was diagnosed of cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia finding some cognitive impairment in fields such asmnesic, gnosic and attention processes.

  8. Surto de babesiose cerebral em bovinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Cerebral babesiosis outbreak in bovines in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadia Aline Bobbi Antoniassi

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se um surto de mortalidade em bovinos por Babesia bovis em abril de 2007, no Município de Picada Café, Rio Grande do Sul. Em um rebanho com 55 novilhas, 28 (50,9% morreram em cinco dias. A doença iniciou vinte dias após o ingresso dos bovinos na propriedade. Os sinais clínicos incluíam febre, incoordenação, agressividade, anemia, petéquias nas mucosas e morte 1 á 2 dias após. Em 4 animais necropsiados, observaram-se palidez de mucosas, hemorragias múltiplas, esplenomegalia, fígado aumentado e alaranjado, vesícula biliar com parede edemaciada e contendo bile grumosa. Os rins estavam vermelho-escuros e a bexiga continha urina cor de vinho tinto. O encéfalo apresentou cor róseo-cereja externamente e ao corte, mais marcado no córtex telencefálico, cerebelo e corpo estriado, contrastando com a cor branca da substância branca. Na histologia havia nefrose hemoglobinúrica, necrose hepática paracentral, bilestase canalicular, congestão esplênica, além de congestão com grande quantidade de eritrócitos parasitados por estruturas compatíveis com Babesia bovis na região cortical do encéfalo, também observadas em esfregaços teciduais dessas regiões. A morte de 28 bovinos em 5 dias deveu-se, provavelmente, à falta de imunidade contra o parasito. O tratamento foi realizado com dipropionato de imidocarb nos demais animais, havendo recuperação dos bovinos que apresentavam sinais iniciais leves e não ocorrência de novos casos durante um período de dois meses, quando foram enviados para abate.An outbreak of cattle mortality due to Babesia bovis infection in the county of Picada Café, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, in April 2007 is described. Twenty eight heifers (50.9% died, out of a herd of 55 animals, in five days. The disease occurred approximately 20 days after heifers were transferred to this farm. The clinical signs included fever, anemia, aggressiveness, incoordination, petechiae in the mucous membranes

  9. INFLUÊNCIA ESTOICA NA CONCEPÇÃO DE <em>STATUS> E <em>DICTUM> COMO <em> QUASI RES EM> (ὡσανεì τινά EM ABERLARDO STOIC INFLUENCE IN ABELARD'S CONCEPTION OF <em>STATUS> AND <em>DICTUM> AS <em>QUASI RESem> (ὡσανεì τινά.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guy Hamelin

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Na sua obra, Pedro Abelardo (1079-1142 destaca duas noções metafísicas que fundamentam sua teoria lógica: o <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">statusem> e o <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dictum propositionisem>, ao causar, respectivamente, a imposição (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">impositioem> dos termos universais e o valor de verdade das proposições. Trata-se de expressões que se referem a naturezas ontológicas peculiares, na medida em que não são consideradas coisas (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">resem>, mesmo que constituem causas. Todavia, também não são nada. Abelardo as chama de ‘quase coisas’ (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quasi resem>. No presente artigo, explicamos, primeiro, essas duas noções essenciais da lógica abelardiana, antes de tentar, em seguida, encontrar a fonte dessa metafísica particular. Em oposição a comentadores importantes da lógica de Abelardo, que estimam que haja uma forte influência platônica sobre essa concepção específica, defendemos antes, com apoio de textos significativos e de acordo com o nominalismo abelardiano, que a maior ascendência sobre a metafísica do nosso autor é a do estoicismo, sobretudo, antigo.In his work, Peter Abelard (1079-1142 highlights two metaphysical notions, which sustain his logical theory: the <em>status> and the <em>dictum propositionisem>, causing respectively both the imposition (<em>impositio> of universal terms and the thuth-value of propositions. Both expressions refer to peculiar ontological natures, in so far as they are not considered things (<em>res>, even if they constitute causes. Nevertheless, neither are they ‘nothing’. Abelard calls them ‘quasi-things’ (<em>quasi resem>. In the present article, we expound first these two essential notions of Abelardian logic before then trying to find the source of this particular metaphysics. Contrary to some important

  10. Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson M. Colodel

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available São descritos surtos de enterotoxemia em caprinos em cinco propriedades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais afetados eram, normalmente, encontrados mortos ou apresentavam evolução aguda de 2 a 3 horas com acentuada depressão, cólicas abdominais e diarréia profusa com fibrina. Em duas propriedades relataram-se casos com a evolução de até 12 horas. Em treze animais necropsiados observaram-se aumento de líquidos nas cavidades abdominal, torácica e pericárdica, congestão e hiperemia da serosa e mucosa do intestino, conteúdo do cólon líquido com fibrina além de hemorragias de serosa e fibrina. Em um animal constatou-se microangiopatia cerebral caracterizada por acúmulo de material homogêneo e eosinofílico no espaço perivascular. No conteúdo intestinal, colônias com bastonetes morfológica e bioquimicamente sugestivos de Clostridium perfringens foram caracterizadas no estudo bacteriológico. A soroneutralização em camundongos com conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados, revelou a presença da toxina épsilon. Estes achados evidenciam a enterotoxemia como doença de importância para criação de caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul.Five outbreaks of caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. The animals were found dead or had a clinical course that usually lasted 2-3 hours. From two farms a clinical manifestation period of 12 hours was reported. Clinical signs were characterized by depression, marked abdominal discomfort, profuse watery diarrhea with fibrin clots, and death. Thirteen necropsies were performed and hydropericardium, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were commonly found. The mucosa and serosa of the colon were congested, and its contents was watery with multiple fibrin clots. Serosal hemorrhages and fibrin clots in the gallbladder were also seen. Fibrinous colitis and thyphilitis were the most frequent histological changes. Cerebral microangiopathy was observed in one case, which was

  11. Comprehensive visual impairment evaluation for cerebral palsy children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ping Wang

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To evaluate the visual impairment in cerebral palsy children with series objective indicators, and conclude their clinical features of visual function.METHODS: Objective tests including following pursuing test, optokinetic nystagmus(OKNdrum test, refractive error examination, fundus examination, ocular deviation examination, pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEPtests and brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRIwere carried out in 43 cerebral palsy children(86 eyeswith ocular visual dysfunction; The visual impairment data of the cerebral palsy children were collected, and the clinical features and possible mechanism were analyzed.RESULTS: 1. Of the 43 cerebral palsy children(86 eyeswith the visual impairment presented diversified, 25(50 eyes, 58.1%of refractive error, 24(48 eyes, 55.8%of strabismus, 12(24 eyes, 27.9%with nystagmus, 19(38 eyes, 44.2%of optical nerve atrophy or hyperplasia, 35(70 eyes, 81.4%of VEP abnormality. Among children with spastic cerebral palsy, the incidence of visual impairment was statistically significant difference compared with other groups(PP>0.05, no nystagmus in patients with severe occipital cortex damage.CONCLUSION: Cerebral palsy children were usually with visual impairment, and presented with special clinical features; Comprehensive objective visual tests are accurate and reliable for evaluation of the visual function in cerebral palsy children.

  12. MRI diagnosis of the cerebral schistosomiasis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Hanqiu; Chen Yuanjun

    2002-01-01

    Objective: To discuss MRI appearance of the cerebral schistosomiasis and its clinical value through analyzing the MRI features and post-surgery pathological findings. Methods: MRI features of the cerebral schistosomiasis in 16, pathologically (n = 6) or clinically (n = 10) proved cases were analyzed retrospectively, and compared with the post-surgery pathological findings in 6 cases. Results: Single masses were found in 11 cases (11/16), and multiple masses in 5 eases (5/16), amounting to 23 masses . fifteen masses (15/23) were located in right cerebral hemisphere, including frontal lobe (n = 2), frontoparietal lobe (n = 5) , and occipitoparietal lobe (n 8), while 8 masses (8/23) in left cerebral hemisphere, including frontal lobe (n = 1), frontoparietal lobe (n = 3), and occipitoparietal lobe (n = 4). The nodular masses were isointense with the gray mass like 'island', and 12 cases (12/16) show the 'gigantic hand' form of edema around them. After IV administration of Gd-DTPA, 15 cases (15/16) revealed multiple closely spaced, intensely enhancing modules, 1-3 mm in diameter, distributed throughout the mass. Seven cases misdiagnosed by CT were revised by MRl. Conclusion: The MRI appearance of the cerebral schistosomiasis is characteristic, and MRI is the most valuable tool to diagnose it without injury

  13. Value of cerebral blood flow rate and regional oxygen consumption studies in cerebral ischaemia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Clanet, M

    1987-06-18

    Studies of experimentally-induced ischaemia have shown that the intensity of neuronal suffering is related to the fall in perfusion rate. Below a certain level, called functional threshold, cerebral function is reversibly altered, whereas at a lower level (tissue necrosis threshold) the damage inflicted on neurons is irreversible. Between these two thresholds lies a ''penumbra zone''. This concept of thresholds must be mitigated by 2 parameters: duration of ischaemia and selective vulnerability of the various structures affected. Variations in blood flow rate only indirectly affect the state of tissues. Techniques developed from positron emission tomography make it possible to evaluate the metabolic activity of brain tissue in vivo: oxygen consumption (CMRO/sub 2/), oxygen extraction (EO/sub 2/) and glucose consumption (CMRG) which are thus correlated to cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume, sometimes also to tissue pH. Normal relations between blood flow rate and metabolism may be altered. Misery perfusion reflects a fall in cerebral blood flow with an increase in EO/sub 2/ and often a decrease in CMRO/sub 2/, whereas luxury perfusion reflects an increase in cerebral blood flow rate with reduction of CMRO/sub 2/, EO/sub 2/ and CMRG. The type of alteration encountered in human ischaemia varies according to the nature of the accident: studies of transient accidents emphasize the different haemodynamic aspects of occlusion of the wider arteries. The metabolic and haemodynamic profiles of established ischaemic accidents vary according to their type and to the time of the study, reflecting the complexity of the physiopathological mechanisms involved; they are frequently associated with metabolic repercussions at a distance from the ischaemic focus, which supports the concept of diaschisis.

  14. Value of cerebral blood flow rate and regional oxygen consumption studies in cerebral ischaemia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clanet, M.

    1987-01-01

    Studies of experimentally-induced ischaemia have shown that the intensity of neuronal suffering is related to the fall in perfusion rate. Below a certain level, called functional threshold, cerebral function is reversibly altered, whereas at a lower level (tissue necrosis threshold) the damage inflicted on neurons is irreversible. Between these two thresholds lies a ''penumbra zone''. This concept of thresholds must be mitigated by 2 parameters: duration of ischaemia and selective vulnerability of the various structures affected. Variations in blood flow rate only indirectly affect the state of tissues. Techniques developed from positron emission tomography make it possible to evaluate the metabolic activity of brain tissue in vivo: oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ), oxygen extraction (EO 2 ) and glucose consumption (CMRG) which are thus correlated to cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume, sometimes also to tissue pH. Normal relations between blood flow rate and metabolism may be altered. Misery perfusion reflects a fall in cerebral blood flow with an increase in EO 2 and often a decrease in CMRO 2 , whereas luxury perfusion reflects an increase in cerebral blood flow rate with reduction of CMRO 2 , EO 2 and CMRG. The type of alteration encountered in human ischaemia varies according to the nature of the accident: studies of transient accidents emphasize the different haemodynamic aspects of occlusion of the wider arteries. The metabolic and haemodynamic profiles of established ischaemic accidents vary according to their type and to the time of the study, reflecting the complexity of the physiopathological mechanisms involved; they are frequently associated with metabolic repercussions at a distance from the ischaemic focus, which supports the concept of diaschisis [fr

  15. Cerebral CT appearances of toxic encephalopathy of tetramine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zheng Wenlong; Wu Aiqin; Xu Chongyong; Ying Binyu; Hong Ruizhen

    2003-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the cerebral CT appearances of toxic encephalopathy of tetramine and improve the recognition on this disease. Methods: Four cases of toxic encephalopathy of tetramine were collected and their cerebral CT appearances were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Cerebral CT appearances in acute phase (within 8 days): (1) cerebral edema in different degree. CT abnormalities consisted of cortical hypodensities and complete loss of gray-white matter differentiation. The CT value were in 11-13 HU, and to be watery density in serious case, (2) subarachnoid hemorrhage. It demonstrated the signs of poisoning hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in chronic phase. Conclusion: The cerebral CT appearances of toxic encephalopathy of tetramine had some character in acute phase and it can predict the serious degree of intoxication, but there was no characteristic findings in chronic phase

  16. Temporal variation in memory tests performance in cerebral vascular disease patients / Variação temporal no desempenho em testes de memória em pacientes com doença vascular cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tania Fernandes Campos

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available This study intended to investigate the performance in memory tests in order to adequate the neuropsychological evaluation to the temporal order of the human organism. Twelve cerebral vascular accident patients and 12 controls, of both sexes and 45-65 years old were studied. Two memory tests with visual stimuli (pictures and two with verbal stimuli (words were applied three times a day (08:00, 10:00 and 12:00 h during the first week and twice a day (14:00 and 16:00 h in the second week, during three consecutive days in two consecutive weeks. The patients showed lower scores than control subjects in all applied tests (p<0,05. The greater test sensitivity was at 14:00 h for the free recall test and at 16:00 h for recognition tests. According to these results, it is concluded that neuropsychological evaluations should be conducted preferably in the afternoon, as well for the first evaluation as for the re-evaluations.

  17. Hemodynamics in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamaguchi, Shinya; Fukuyama, Hidenao; Yamauchi, Hiroshi; Kimura, Jun

    1991-01-01

    We examined ten healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) in order to elucidate regional changes and correlations in the cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism. We also studied eight lacunar stroke patients so as to disclose the influences of vascular risk factors and aging on the cerebral blood flow and metabolism. We can conclude from our result as follows: (1) Cerebral blood volume (CBV) was minimum in the basal ganglia and cerebral blood flow (CBF)/CBV ratio was higher than that of cerebral cortex in healthy volunteers; (2) CBF of gray matter in healthy volunteers correlated with CBV and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen where oxygen extraction fraction inversely correlated with CBF, CBV, and CBF/CBV; and (3) the basal ganglia CBF/CBV ratio in lacunar stroke patients was lower than that of healthy volunteers. These findings suggested that the perfusion pressure in the basal ganglia was so high in the normal condition than the angionecrosis or occlusion in the perforating arteries would be induced, especially in the aged and hypertensive patients. (author)

  18. Retinopathy in severe malaria in Ghanaian children - overlap between fundus changes in cerebral and non-cerebral malaria

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Essuman, Vera A; Ntim-Amponsah, Christine T; Astrup, Birgitte S

    2010-01-01

    diagnostic tool. This study was designed to determine the diagnostic usefulness of retinopathy on ophthalmoscopy in severe malaria syndromes: Cerebral malaria (CM) and non-cerebral severe malaria (non-CM), i.e. malaria with respiratory distress (RD) and malaria with severe anaemia (SA), in Ghanaian children...

  19. MR angiography of cerebral aneurysms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miki, Hitoshi; Tanada, Shuji; Sakaki, Saburo; Hamamoto, Ken; Sadamoto, Kazuhiko.

    1992-01-01

    Time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) and phase-contrast (PC) MRA are examined clinically for evaluating cerebral aneurysms. In the morphological diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms, three-dimensional (3D) MRA is superior to two-dimensional (2D) MRA because 3D MRA has a higher S/N ratio and a higher spatial resolution. However, it is difficult to decide which, 3D TOF MRA or 3D PC MRA, is superior, for both methods have many scan parameters. In our study, 3D PC MRA was performed using two methods; one had the same acquisition time as 3D TOF MRA, while the other had the same spatial resolution as 3D TOF MRA. The detectability of aneurysms by each MRA method was evaluated in comparison with 3D TOF MRA. In fifteen patients (6 males and 9 females), a total of 16 cerebral aneurysms (3 ruptured and 13 unruptured) were studied. The lesion sizes ranged from 2.5 to 18 mm. All the 16 lesions were examined by means of 3D TOF MRA, 3D PC MRA, and conventional angiography. MR imaging was performed with a 1.5 tesla MRI system (Signa). All of the 16 cerebral aneurysms were detected by 3D TOF MRA, while only 11 of them were detected by 3D PC MRA. When 3D PC MRA was performed with the same acquisition time as 3D TOF MRA, 3D PC MRA was superior in showing one of the 7 aneurysms. When 3D PC MRA was performed with same spatial resolution as 3D TOF MRA, 3D PC MRA was superior in showing two of the 10 aneurysms. 3D TOF MRA was superior to 3D PC MRA in the detection of cerebral aneurysms because of the long acquisition times and the different flow velocity, which induced different signal intensities between the aneurysms and parent arteries in 3D PC MRA. 3D PC MRA was superior to 3D TOF MRA in patients with large thrombotic aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. We consider that 3D TOF MRA should be the first choice for screening and following-up cerebral aneurysms. 3D PC MRA should then be performed for large cerebral aneurysms in addition to 3D TOF MRA. (author)

  20. Gastrostomia endoscópica em pacientes com cardiopatia complicada Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in cardiologic complicated patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celso CUKIER

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available Pacientes cardiopatas complicados com isquemia cerebral e insuficiência cardíaca necessitam terapia nutricional enteral prolongada por se apresentarem em situação de risco nutricional. Complicações advindas do uso prolongado da sonda nasoenteral poderiam ser evitadas com a execução da gastrostomia endoscópica. Esta é alternativa técnica para acesso ao tubo digestivo em nutrição enteral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo de indicação para gastrostomia endoscópica em pacientes com nutrição enteral com uso de sonda nasoenteral e as principais complicações do procedimento. Doze pacientes foram submetidos a gastrostomia endoscópica, sendo oito do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 62,42 + 22,10 anos. A indicação principal foi síndrome isquêmica cerebral após parada cardiorespiratória por patologia clínica (sete pacientes ou cirurgia cardiovascular complicada (cinco. O tempo médio para indicação da gastrostomia endoscópica foi de 35,58 + 26,79 dias após introdução da nutrição enteral. Não houve intercorrências com o procedimento e, no período pós-operatório tardio, ocorreu infecção do orifício de inserção da gastrostomia endoscópica em um caso, resolvida com cuidados locais. Em conclusão, a gastrostomia endoscópica é técnica segura, com baixa incidência de complicações. Pode ser realizada em ambulatório, no leito do paciente, ou em centro de terapia intensiva e sua indicação deveria ser mais precoce.Complicated cardiologic patients with brain ischemia and heart failure need long term enteral nutrition. Long term nasoenteral tuibe feeding may cause complications that could be avoided with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and its main complications. Twelve patients were submitted to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (eight male with main age of 62,42 ± 22,10 years old. Brain ischemia

  1. Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Thomas

    2007-01-01

    Focal cerebral ischemia due to occlusion of a major cerebral artery is the cause of ischemic stroke which is a major reason of mortality, morbidity and disability in the populations of the developed countries. In the seven studies summarized in the thesis focal ischemia in rats induced by occlusion...... in the penumbra is recruited in the infarction process leading to a progressive growth of the infarct. The penumbra hence constitutes an important target for pharmacological treatment because of the existence of a therapeutic time window during which treatment with neuroprotective compounds may prevent...

  2. Is fasting necessary for elective cerebral angiography?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwon, O-K; Oh, C W; Park, H; Bang, J S; Bae, H-J; Han, M K; Park, S-H; Han, M H; Kang, H-S; Park, S-K; Whang, G; Kim, B-C; Jin, S-C

    2011-05-01

    In order to prevent unexpected events such as aspiration pneumonia, cerebral angiography has been performed under fasting in most cases. We investigated prospectively the necessity of fasting before elective cerebral angiography. The study is an open-labeled clinical trial without random allocation. In total, 2554 patients who underwent elective cerebral angiography were evaluated on development of nausea, vomiting, and pulmonary aspiration during and after angiography. Potential risks and benefits associated with fasting were provided in written documents and through personal counseling to patients before the procedure. The patients chose their fasting or nonfasting option. No restriction in diet was given after angiography. The patients were observed for 24 hours. Nausea and vomiting during and within 1 hour after angiography was considered as a positive event associated with cerebral angiography. The overall incidence of nausea and vomiting during and within 1 hour after angiography was 1.05% (27/2554 patients). There was no patient with pulmonary aspiration. No statistical difference in nausea and vomiting development between the fasting and the diet groups was found. The incidence of nausea and vomiting associated with cerebral angiography is low and not affected by diet or fasting. Pulmonary aspiration had no difference between the diet and the fasting group. Our study suggests that fasting may not be necessary for patients who undergo elective cerebral angiography.

  3. Cerebral small-resistance artery structure and cerebral blood flow in normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Ciuceis, Carolina; Porteri, Enzo; Rizzoni, Damiano; Boari, Gianluca E.M.; Rosei, Enrico Agabiti [University of Brescia, Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia (Italy); Cornali, Claudio; Mardighian, Dikran; Fontanella, Marco M. [University of Brescia, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Brescia (Italy); Pinardi, Chiara [Spedali Civili, Medical Physics Unit, Brescia (Italy); University of Brescia, Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Brescia (Italy); Rodella, Luigi F.; Rezzani, Rita [University of Brescia, Section of Anatomy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia (Italy); Gasparotti, Roberto [University of Brescia, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Brescia (Italy); University of Brescia, Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Brescia (Italy)

    2014-12-15

    The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate whether the structure of cerebral small-resistance arteries is related to cerebral perfusion parameters as measured with dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) in a selected cohort of hypertensive and normotensive patients. Ten hypertensive and 10 normotensive patients were included in the study. All patients underwent neurosurgical intervention for an intracranial tumor and were investigated with DSC-MRI at 1.5 T. Cerebral small-resistance arteries were dissected from a small portion of morphologically normal cerebral tissue and mounted on an isometric myograph for the measurement of the media-to-lumen (M/L) ratio. A quantitative assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) was performed with a region-of-interest approach. Correlation coefficients were calculated for normally distributed variables. The institutional review board approved the study, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients had significantly lower regional CBF (mL/100 g/min) in the cortical grey matter (55.63 ± 1.90 vs 58.37 ± 2.19, p < 0.05), basal ganglia (53.34 ± 4.39 vs 58.22. ± 4.33, p < 0.05), thalami (50.65 ± 3.23 vs 57.56 ± 4.45, p < 0.01), subcortical white matter (19.32 ± 2.54 vs 22.24 ± 1.9, p < 0.05), greater M/L ratio (0.099 ± 0.013 vs 0.085 ± 0.012, p < 0.05), and lower microvessel density (1.66 ± 0.67 vs 2.52 ± 1.28, p < 0.05). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between M/L ratio of cerebral arteries and CBF in the cortical grey matter (r = -0.516, p < 0.05), basal ganglia (r = -0.521, p < 0.05), thalami (r = -0.527 p < 0.05), and subcortical white matter (r = -0.612, p < 0.01). Our results indicate that microvascular structure might play a role in controlling CBF, with possible clinical consequences. (orig.)

  4. 11 Things to Know about Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Button Past Emails 11 Things to Know about Cerebral Palsy Language: English (US) Español (Spanish) Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in ...

  5. Natural Products from Antarctic Colonial Ascidians of the Genera <em>Aplidium> and <em>Synoicum>: Variability and Defensive Role

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conxita Avila

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Ascidians have developed multiple defensive strategies mostly related to physical, nutritional or chemical properties of the tunic. One of such is chemical defense based on secondary metabolites. We analyzed a series of colonial Antarctic ascidians from deep-water collections belonging to the genera <em>Aplidium> and <em>Synoicum> to evaluate the incidence of organic deterrents and their variability. The ether fractions from 15 samples including specimens of the species <em>A.> <em>falklandicum>, <em>A.> <em>fuegiense>, <em>A.> <em>meridianum>, <em>A.> <em>millari> and <em>S.> <em>adareanum> were subjected to feeding assays towards two relevant sympatric predators: the starfish <em>Odontaster> <em>validus>, and the amphipod <em>Cheirimedon> <em>femoratus>. All samples revealed repellency. Nonetheless, some colonies concentrated defensive chemicals in internal body-regions rather than in the tunic. Four ascidian-derived meroterpenoids, rossinones B and the three derivatives 2,3-epoxy-rossinone B, 3-epi-rossinone B, 5,6-epoxy-rossinone B, and the indole alkaloids meridianins A–G, along with other minoritary meridianin compounds were isolated from several samples. Some purified metabolites were tested in feeding assays exhibiting potent unpalatabilities, thus revealing their role in predation avoidance. Ascidian extracts and purified compound-fractions were further assessed in antibacterial tests against a marine Antarctic bacterium. Only the meridianins showed inhibition activity, demonstrating a multifunctional defensive role. According to their occurrence in nature and within our colonial specimens, the possible origin of both types of metabolites is discussed.

  6. Anencefalia e morte cerebral (neurológica Anencephaly and brain death

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Lúcia Fernandes Penna

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Vem-se discutindo no país a ética da interrupção da gravidez no caso de fetos anencéfalos. Os opositores ao aborto nesses casos apontam, entre outros argumentos, que não se trata de morte cerebral devido à presença de tronco encefálico. Neste artigo discutimos o conceito de morte cerebral e sua aplicação no que tange à anencefalia. Apontamos alguns aspectos históricos do desenvolvimento desse conceito e a importância de ser considerada a diferença entre conceito e critérios. A morte neurológica é a perda definitiva e total da consciência, enquanto a presença do tronco cerebral é apenas um critério a ser usado nos casos de lesão encefálica em encéfalos antes perfeitos. O conceito de morte cerebral se aplica completamente à ausência de córtex dos anencéfalos, o que sem dúvida permite sua retirada do útero materno. Manter juridicamente a criminalização desse procedimento é uma interferência religiosa no Estado laico e democrático, que impede o exercício de escolha pelos indivíduos segundo seu credo.Brazilian society has recently discussed the ethics of interrupting pregnancy in the case of an anencephalic fetus. In such cases, anti-abortionists contend that anencephaly is not the same as brain death, since a brainstem is present. This article discusses the concept of brain death and its application to the issue of anencephaly. We point to key historical aspects in the development of this concept and the importance of considering the difference between concept and criteria. Neurological death is the definitive and complete loss of consciousness, while the presence of a brainstem is merely a criterion to be used in cases of head injury in previously intact brains. The concept of brain death is totally applicable to the absence of cortex in a fetus with anencephaly, which without a doubt allows such a fetus to be removed from the uterus. To maintain the criminalization of this procedure by legal means represents

  7. Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries. Pt. 1. Anterior cerebral artery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gloger, S.; Gloger, A.; Vogt, H.; Kretschmann, H.J.

    1994-01-01

    We present a three-dimensional anatomical computer model of the terminal branches of the anterior cerebral artery, acquired from equidistant serial anatomical slices of three brains. The reconstructions provide a clear picture from all angles of the complicated course of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries, which can help to identify them on conventional and magnetic resonance angiography. Our rendition of the cerebral arteries can also be matched with CT, MR or PET images to indicate the areas of extension of individual branches, allowing neuromorphological and functional correlation. (orig.)

  8. Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries. Pt. 1. Anterior cerebral artery

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gloger, S. (Dept. of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School (Germany)); Gloger, A. (Dept. of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School (Germany)); Vogt, H. (Dept. of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School (Germany)); Kretschmann, H.J. (Dept. of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School (Germany))

    1994-04-01

    We present a three-dimensional anatomical computer model of the terminal branches of the anterior cerebral artery, acquired from equidistant serial anatomical slices of three brains. The reconstructions provide a clear picture from all angles of the complicated course of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries, which can help to identify them on conventional and magnetic resonance angiography. Our rendition of the cerebral arteries can also be matched with CT, MR or PET images to indicate the areas of extension of individual branches, allowing neuromorphological and functional correlation. (orig.)

  9. Modulation of cerebral blood flow with transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    ter Laan, Mark; van Dijk, J.M.C.; Stewart, Roy; Staal, Michiel J; Elting, Jan-Willem J.

    ObjectivesTranscutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) and spinal cord stimulation have been shown to increase peripheral and cerebral blood flow. We postulate that certain pathological conditions attenuate cerebral autoregulation, which may result in a relative increase of the importance of

  10. Modulation of cerebral blood flow with transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Laan, M. ter; Dijk, J.M. van; Stewart, R.; Staal, M.J.; Elting, J.W.

    2014-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) and spinal cord stimulation have been shown to increase peripheral and cerebral blood flow. We postulate that certain pathological conditions attenuate cerebral autoregulation, which may result in a relative increase of the importance of

  11. Arterial spin-labeling MR imaging of cerebral hemorrhages

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Noguchi, Tomoyuki [Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo (Japan); Saga University, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Saga (Japan); Nishihara, Masashi; Egashira, Yoshiaki; Azama, Shinya; Hirai, Tetsuyoshi; Kitano, Isao; Irie, Hiroyuki [Saga University, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Saga (Japan); Yakushiji, Yusuke [Saga University, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Saga (Japan); Kawashima, Masatou [Saga University, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Saga (Japan)

    2015-11-15

    The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of brain perfusion measured by arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in cerebral hemorrhages. Brain blood flow values (CBF-ASL values) for cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and segmented cerebral regions were measured by ASL-MRI in 19 putaminal hemorrhage patients and 20 thalamic hemorrhage patients in acute or subacute stages. We assessed the lateralities of CBF-ASL values and the relationships between CBF-ASL values and other imaging findings and clinical manifestations. Both the 19 putaminal hemorrhage patients and the 20 thalamic hemorrhage patients had significantly low CBF-ASL values of the contralateral cerebellum in subacute stage, suggesting that ASL-MRI might delineate crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). Ipsilateral low CBF-ASL values were observed in frontal lobes and thalami with a putaminal hemorrhage and lentiform nuclei, temporal lobes, and parietal lobes with a thalamic hemorrhage, suggesting that ASL-MRI showed the ipsilateral cerebral diaschisis (ICD). In the putaminal hemorrhage patients, the hematoma volume negatively affected both the bilateral cerebellar and cerebral hemispheric CBF-ASL values. In the thalamic hemorrhage patients, a concomitant intraventricular hemorrhage caused low cerebral hemispheric CBF-ASL values. The use of ASL-MRI is sensitive to the perfusion abnormalities and could thus be helpful to estimate functional abnormalities in cerebral hemorrhage patients. (orig.)

  12. Arterial spin-labeling MR imaging of cerebral hemorrhages

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noguchi, Tomoyuki; Nishihara, Masashi; Egashira, Yoshiaki; Azama, Shinya; Hirai, Tetsuyoshi; Kitano, Isao; Irie, Hiroyuki; Yakushiji, Yusuke; Kawashima, Masatou

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of brain perfusion measured by arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in cerebral hemorrhages. Brain blood flow values (CBF-ASL values) for cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and segmented cerebral regions were measured by ASL-MRI in 19 putaminal hemorrhage patients and 20 thalamic hemorrhage patients in acute or subacute stages. We assessed the lateralities of CBF-ASL values and the relationships between CBF-ASL values and other imaging findings and clinical manifestations. Both the 19 putaminal hemorrhage patients and the 20 thalamic hemorrhage patients had significantly low CBF-ASL values of the contralateral cerebellum in subacute stage, suggesting that ASL-MRI might delineate crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). Ipsilateral low CBF-ASL values were observed in frontal lobes and thalami with a putaminal hemorrhage and lentiform nuclei, temporal lobes, and parietal lobes with a thalamic hemorrhage, suggesting that ASL-MRI showed the ipsilateral cerebral diaschisis (ICD). In the putaminal hemorrhage patients, the hematoma volume negatively affected both the bilateral cerebellar and cerebral hemispheric CBF-ASL values. In the thalamic hemorrhage patients, a concomitant intraventricular hemorrhage caused low cerebral hemispheric CBF-ASL values. The use of ASL-MRI is sensitive to the perfusion abnormalities and could thus be helpful to estimate functional abnormalities in cerebral hemorrhage patients. (orig.)

  13. Low cerebral blood flow in hypotensive perinatal distress

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lou, H C; Lassen, N A; Friis-Hansen, B

    1977-01-01

    was used for the cerebral blood flow measurements. The study confirmed that perinatal distress may be associated with low arterial blood pressure, and it was shown that cerebral blood flow is very low, 20 ml/100 g/min or less, in hypotensive perinatal distress. It is concluded that cerebral ischaemia plays...... a crucial role in the development of perinatal hypoxic brain injury....

  14. Técnica para redução do tônus e alongamento muscular passivo: efeitos na amplitude de movimento de crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica

    OpenAIRE

    Luana dos Santos de Oliveira; Marina Ortega Golin

    2017-01-01

    Introdução: A paralisia cerebral (PC) é resultante de lesão no encéfalo em fase de maturação, acarretando em disfunções motoras. A espasticidade, forma mais comum de acometimento, gera prejuízos funcionais intensificados pela diminuição da mobilidade. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do alongamento passivo lento do músculo tríceps sural e de técnica para diminuir o tônus do conceito Bobath na amplitude de movimento (ADM) de dorsiflexão do tornozelo de crianças com PC espástica. Métodos: Particip...

  15. Fumigant Antifungal Activity of Myrtaceae Essential Oils and Constituents from <em>Leptospermum petersoniiem> against Three <em>Aspergillus> Species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Il-Kwon Park

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Commercial plant essential oils obtained from 11 Myrtaceae plant species were tested for their fumigant antifungal activity against <em>Aspergillus ochraceusem>, <em>A. flavusem>, and <em>A. nigerem>. Essential oils extracted from<em> em>Leptospermum> <em>petersonii> at air concentrations of 56 × 10−3 mg/mL and 28 × 10−3 mg/mL completely inhibited the growth of the three <em>Aspergillus> species. However, at an air concentration of 14 × 10−3 mg/mL, inhibition rates of <em>L. petersoniiem> essential oils were reduced to 20.2% and 18.8% in the case of <em>A. flavusem> and <em>A. nigerem>, respectively. The other Myrtaceae essential oils (56 × 10−3 mg/mL only weakly inhibited the fungi or had no detectable affect. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 16 compounds in <em>L. petersoniiem>> em>essential> em>oil.> em>The antifungal activity of the identified compounds was tested individually by using standard or synthesized compounds. Of these, neral and geranial inhibited growth by 100%, at an air concentration of 56 × 10−3 mg/mL, whereas the activity of citronellol was somewhat lover (80%. The other compounds exhibited only moderate or weak antifungal activity. The antifungal activities of blends of constituents identified in <em>L. petersoniiem> oil indicated that neral and geranial were the major contributors to the fumigant and antifungal activities.

  16. Cerebral oxygenation is reduced during hyperthermic exercise in humans

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Peter; Nybo, Lars; Volianitis, S.

    2010-01-01

    Abstract Aim: Cerebral mitochondrial oxygen tension (P(mito)O(2)) is elevated during moderate exercise, while it is reduced when exercise becomes strenuous, reflecting an elevated cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO(2)) combined with hyperventilation-induced attenuation of cerebral blood flo...

  17. NMR imaging of cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takusagawa, Yoshihiko; Yamaoka, Naoki; Doi, Kazuaki; Okada, Keisei

    1987-01-01

    One hundred and five patients with cerebral infarction were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) CT (resistive type of magnet with strength of 0.1 tesla) and X-ray CT. Pulse sequences used saturation recovery (Tr = 600 mSec), Inversion recovery (Tr = 500 mSec, Td = 300 mSec) and spin echo (Tr = 1500 mSec, Te = 40, 80, 120, 160 mSec). Fifteen cases were examined by NMR-CT within 24 hours from onset. Proton NMR imaging could not detect cerebral ischemia as early as 2 hours after onset, but except could detect the lesions in Se image the area of cerebral infarct 3 hours after onset. After 5 hours from onset image changes in SE were evident and corresponded to the area of cerebral infarct, but image changes in IR could not fully delineate the infarcted area. NMR images of 41 year-old woman with cerebral embolism by MCA trunck occlusion associated with mitral stenosis were presented, and NMR-CT was examined 10 hours, 9th and 43th days after episode of MCA occlusion. Sixty patents (64 times) with lacunar infarction were studied by NMR-CT and X-ray CT. The inversion recovery images were used mainly for detection of lesions and comparison with X-ray CT. In 160 lesions which were detected by NMR-CT or X-ray CT, could 156 lesions be detected by NMR-CT and 78 lesions by X-ray CT. Inversion recovery images were more useful for detection of lacunes than X-ray CT. Calculated T1 and T2 values prolonged with time course from onset. (author)

  18. Paralisia cerebral tetraplégica e constipação intestinal: avaliação da reeducação intestinal com uso de massagens e dieta laxante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiana Santana Faleiros-Castro

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available A constipação intestinal afeta 74% dos indivíduos com paralisia cerebral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar resultados das intervenções de enfermagem no tratamento da constipação intestinal associada à paralisia cerebral. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, prospectivo e comparativo (antes-depois. A amostra foi composta por 50 pacientes com paralisia cerebral tetraplégica e constipação intestinal. As principais orientações conservadoras foram: consumo diário de alimentos laxantes e óleos vegetais, aumento da ingestão hídrica e execução de manobras intestinais diárias. Houve alívio total ou parcial da constipação em 90% dos participantes, com melhora de aspectos da qualidade de vida, como sono, apetite e irritabilidade, além de diminuição significativa de sangramento retal, fissura anal, retenção voluntária de fezes, choro e dor ao evacuar. Apenas 10% necessitaram de medicações laxantes. Recomenda-se que medidas conservadoras sejam preferencialmente utilizadas para o tratamento da constipação intestinal associada à paralisia cerebral e que medicamentos sejam apenas adjuvantes, quando necessário.

  19. Clinical Relevance of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> DNA-Methylation in Serum of Cervical Cancer Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Günther K. Bonn

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available This study was designed to investigate the DNA-methylation status of <em>E>-cadherin (<em>CDH1em> and <em>H>-cadherin (<em>CDH13em> in serum samples of cervical cancer patients and control patients with no malignant diseases and to evaluate the clinical utility of these markers. DNA-methylation status of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> was analyzed by means of MethyLight-technology in serum samples from 49 cervical cancer patients and 40 patients with diseases other than cancer. To compare this methylation analysis with another technique, we analyzed the samples with a denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC PCR-method. The specificity and sensitivity of <em>CDH1em> DNA-methylation measured by MethyLight was 75% and 55%, and for <em>CDH13em> DNA-methylation 95% and 10%. We identified a specificity of 92.5% and a sensitivity of only 27% for the <em>CDH1em> DHPLC-PCR analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that serum <em>CDH1em> methylation-positive patients had a 7.8-fold risk for death (95% CI: 2.2–27.7; <em>p> = 0.001 and a 92.8-fold risk for relapse (95% CI: 3.9–2207.1; <em>p> = 0.005. We concluded that the serological detection of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> DNA-hypermethylation is not an ideal diagnostic tool due to low diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. However, it was validated that <em>CDH1em> methylation analysis in serum samples may be of potential use as a prognostic marker for cervical cancer patients.

  20. Evaluation of cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolism and cerebral function by magnetic resonance imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanaka, Chuzo; Higuchi, Toshihiro; Umeda, Masahiro; Naruse, Shoji; Horikawa, Yoshiharu; Ueda, Satoshi; Furuya, Seiichi.

    1995-01-01

    The magnetic resonance (MR) method has the unique potentiality of detecting cerebral metabolites, cerebral blood flow and brain functions in a noninvasive fashion. We have developed several MR techniques to detect these cerebral parameters with the use of clinical MRI scanners. By modifying the MR spectroscopy (MRS) technique, both 31 P- and 1 H-MRS data can be obtained from multiple, localized regions (multi-voxel method) of the brain, and the distribution of each metabolite in the brain can be readily visualized by metabolite mapping. The use of diffusion weighted images (DWI) permits visualization of the anisotropy of water diffusion in white matter, and based on the difference of diffusion coefficiency, the differential diagnosis between epidermoid tumor and arachnoid cyst can be made. By employing dynamic-MRI (Dyn-MRI) with Gd-DTPA administration, it is possible to examine the difference in blood circulation between brain tumor tissue and normal tissue, as well as among different types of brain tumors. By using magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging, it has become possible to detect brain tumors, and with a small dose of Gd-DTPA, to visualize the vascular system. Functional MRI (fMRI) visualizes the activated brain by using conventional gradient echo technique on conventional MRI scanners. This method has the unique characteristic of detecting a brain function with high spatial and temporal resolution by using the intrinsic substance. Moreover, the localization of motor and sensory areas was detected by noninvasive means within few minutes. The fMRI procedure will be used in the future to analyze the higher and complex brain functions. In conclusion, multi-modality MR is a powerful technique that is useful for investigating the pathogenesis of many diseases, and provides a noninvasive analytic modality for studying brain function. (author)

  1. Efeitos da infusão contínua de propofol ou etomidato sobre variáveis intracranianas em cães Effects of propofol or etomidate intravenous infusion on intracranial variables in dogs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.P. Paula

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da infusão contínua de propofol ou de etomidato sobre as variáveis intracranianas em cães nomocapneicos. Foram utilizados 20 cães adultos distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo propofol (GP e grupo etomidato (GE. Para o GP, os animais foram induzidos à anestesia com propofol (10mg/kg e, ato contínuo, iniciaram-se a infusão do fármaco (0,6mg/kg/min e a ventilação controlada. No GE, o etomidato foi usado para indução (5mg/kg e manutenção empregando-se a dose de 0,5mg/kg/min nos 10 minutos iniciais e, em seguida, de 0,2mg/kg/min. Após 30 minutos da implantação do cateter de fibra óptica do monitor de pressão intracraniana (PIC na superfície do córtex cerebral direito, realizaram-se as primeiras mensurações (M1 da PIC, da pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC, da temperatura intracraniana (TIC, de temperatura corpórea (TC, da pressão arterial média (PAM e da frequência cardíaca (FC. As demais mensurações ocorreram em intervalos de 20 minutos (M2, M3 e M4. O propofol e o etomidato não ocasionaram alterações significativas nas variáveis estudadas com exceção da TC e TIC. Concluiu-se que a infusão contínua desses fármacos em cães mantém a perfusão cerebral e a autorregulação cerebral. Cães anestesiados com etomidato apresentam efeitos adversos intensos e redução gradativa da temperatura corpórea e intracraniana.The effects of total intravenous infusion of propofol or etomidate on intracranial variables in normocapneic dogs were evaluated. Twenty adult mongrel dogs were randomly allotted to: propofol group (GP or etomidate group (GE. In GP animals, the propofol was used for induction (10mg/kg, followed by immediate continuous infusion of the drug (0.6mg/kg/min and controlled ventilation. In GE dogs, the etomidate was used for induction (5mg/kg, followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI at 0.5mg/kg/min during the first ten minutes and, right after, it was changed to 0

  2. Natriuretic peptides and cerebral hemodynamics

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Guo, Song; Barringer, Filippa; Zois, Nora Elisabeth

    2014-01-01

    Natriuretic peptides have emerged as important diagnostic and prognostic tools for cardiovascular disease. Plasma measurement of the bioactive peptides as well as precursor-derived fragments is a sensitive tool in assessing heart failure. In heart failure, the peptides are used as treatment...... in decompensated disease. In contrast, their biological effects on the cerebral hemodynamics are poorly understood. In this mini-review, we summarize the hemodynamic effects of the natriuretic peptides with a focus on the cerebral hemodynamics. In addition, we will discuss its potential implications in diseases...... where alteration of the cerebral hemodynamics plays a role such as migraine and acute brain injury including stroke. We conclude that a possible role of the peptides is feasible as evaluated from animal and in vitro studies, but more research is needed in humans to determine the precise response...

  3. Cerebral oximetry in preterm infants

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Greisen, Gorm; Andresen, Bjørn; Plomgaard, Anne Mette

    2016-01-01

    Preterm birth constitutes a major cause of death before 5 years of age and it is a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment across the world. Preterm infants are most unstable during the transition between fetal and newborn life during the first days of life and most brain damage occurs...... in this period. The brain of the preterm infant is accessible for tissue oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy. Cerebral oximetry has the potential to improve the long-term outcome by helping to tailor the support of respiration and circulation to the individual infant's needs, but the evidence is still lacking....... The goals for research include testing the benefit and harms of cerebral oximetry in large-scale randomized trials, improved definition of the hypoxic threshold, better understanding the effects of intensive care on cerebral oxygenation, as well as improved precision of oximeters and calibration among...

  4. Extraction of Dihydroquercetin<em> em>from <em>Larix gmeliniem>i> em>with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion

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    Yuangang Zu

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available An ultrasound and microwave assisted alternant extraction method (UMAE was applied for extracting dihydroquercetin (DHQ from <em>Larix gmeliniem>i> wood. This investigation was conducted using 60% ethanol as solvent, 1:12 solid to liquid ratio, and 3 h soaking time. The optimum treatment time was ultrasound 40 min, microwave 20 min, respectively, and the extraction was performed once. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction yield of the target analyte was obtained. Relative to ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted method, the proposed approach provides higher extraction yield. The effect of DHQ of different concentrations and synthetic antioxidants on oxidative stability in soy bean oil stored for 20 days at different temperatures (25 °C and 60 °C was compared. DHQ was more effective in restraining soy bean oil oxidation, and a dose-response relationship was observed. The antioxidant activity of DHQ was a little stronger than that of BHA and BHT. Soy bean oil supplemented with 0.08 mg/g DHQ exhibited favorable antioxidant effects and is preferable for effectively avoiding oxidation. The <em>L. gmeliniiem> wood samples before and after extraction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the UMAE method is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation.

  5. Cerebral hemorrhagic infarction after radiation for pituitary adenoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogaki, Satoko; Suzuki, Masatsune; Shimano, Hitoshi; Toyoshima, Hideo; Sone, Hirohito; Okuda, Yukichi; Yamada, Nobuhiro

    2002-01-01

    We report a case of cerebral hemorrhagic infarction after radiation for pituitary adenoma. A 55-year-old woman was hospitalized to check for aldosteronism, post-operative pituitary function, and recurrence of thyroid cancer. She had short-term memory disturbance beginning two months prior to admission. Brain MRI showed a T1 and T2 high intensity lesion of her left anterolateral thalamus. Brain MRA revealed a narrowing in her left middle cerebral artery. The abnormal brain lesion was diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhagic infarction. She had received radiation therapy for pituitary adenoma 20 years earlier. It was considered that her cerebral hemorrhagic infarction was caused by radiation therapy. (author)

  6. Atividade basal de acetilcolinesterase e níveis plasmáticos de serotonina não se associam ao delirium em pacientes gravemente enfermos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Damiani Tomasi

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar se os níveis plasmáticos de serotonina e atividade de acetilcolinesterase determinados por ocasião da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva preveem a ocorrência de disfunção cerebral aguda em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Foi conduzido no período entre maio de 2009 e setembro de 2010 um estudo prospectivo de coorte em uma amostra com 77 pacientes não consecutivos. A ocorrência de delirium foi determinada utilizando a ferramenta Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, tendo sido determinadas as avaliações de acetilcolinesterase e serotonina em amostras de sangue coletadas até um máximo de 24 horas após admissão do paciente à unidade de terapia intensiva. Resultados: No presente estudo, 38 pacientes (49,6% desenvolveram delirium durante sua permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva. Nem os níveis de atividade de acetilcolinesterase nem os de serotonina tiveram associação independente com delirium. Não se observaram correlações significantes entre atividade de acetilcolinesterase e níveis de serotonina com o número de dias livres de delirium/coma, porém, em pacientes que desenvolveram delirium, ocorreu uma forte correlação negativa entre níveis de acetilcolinesterase e número de dias livres de delirium/coma, demonstrando que níveis mais elevados de acetilcolinesterase se associaram com menos dias de vida sem delirium e coma. Nenhuma associação foi identificada entre os biomarcadores e mortalidade. Conclusão: Nem a atividade de acetilcolinesterase nem os níveis séricos de serotonina se associaram com delirium ou disfunção cerebral aguda em pacientes gravemente enfermos. A ocorrência de sepse não modificou esse relacionamento.

  7. A case of chronic subdural hematoma associated with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm detected by cerebral computed angiotomography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fukui, Keiji; Sadamoto, Kazuhiko; Ohue, Shiro; Takeda, Sadanori; Kimura, Hideki; Sakaki, Saburo.

    1986-01-01

    One case of chronic subdural hematoma associated with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm detected by cerebral computed angiotomography is reported. A 44-year-old female slipped and hit her head without loss of consciousness, one month ago. Recently she complained of headaches and visited the department of Neurosurgery, Washokai Sadamoto Hospital on May 21, 1985. There were no physical and neurological signs on examination. Plain CT scans showed a crescent-shaped high density area in the left frontal region with a slight mass sign. She was diagnosed as having a possible chronic subdural hematoma and further examination was recommended. Biplane ultrafast overlapping cerebral computed angiotomograms clearly demonstrated a so-called avascular area delineated by enhanced superficial cerebral vessels with contrast medium. Furthermore, a marked high density mass measuring 8 mm x 10 mm x 6 mm in diameters was simultaneously demonstrated around the right anterior clinoid process on the same image, suggesting a cerebral aneurysm. Right carotid angiograms showed a right internal carotid-posterior communicating junction aneurysm. The irrigation of the left chronic subdural hematoma was carried out on May 24 and the neck clipping of the right IC-PC junction aneurysm was done two weeks later. During the operation, there were no findings suggesting a previous subarachnoid hemorrhage from the aneurysm, but a bleb was found on the aneurysm. The post-operative course was uneventful. (J.P.N.)

  8. Bedside Monitoring of Cerebral Energy State During Cardiac Surgery

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mölström, Simon; Nielsen, Troels H; Andersen, Claus

    2017-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether the lactate-to-pyruvate (LP) ratio obtained by microdialysis (MD) of the cerebral venous outflow reflected a derangement of global cerebral energy state during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). DESIGN: Interventional, prospective, randomized study. SETTING...... in either group during CPB. In each group, 50% of the patients showed significant cognitive decline (mini-mental state examination, 3 points) 2 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: The LP ratio of cerebral venous blood increased significantly during CPB, indicating compromised cerebral oxidative metabolism...

  9. Efeito do congelamento sobre a imunogenicidade da vacina contra a raiva produzida em tecido cerebral de camundongo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albas Avelino

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available A resposta imune humoral induzida pela vacina contra a raiva produzida em cérebros de camundongos recém-nascidos foi estudada em 23 cães e o teste de soroneutralização em camundongos foi usado para avaliação dos níveis de anticorpos rábicos. Um grupo com 10 animais recebeu vacina conservada de 2 a 8°C e apresentou os seguintes resultados: após 30 dias da vacinação 6 (60% amostras responderam ao teste; após 180 dias 4 (40% e após 360 dias apenas 1 (10%. O outro grupo com 13 cães recebeu vacina previamente congelada e somente 2 (15,4% amostras no dia 30 apresentaram resposta satisfatória; os demais períodos (180 e 360 após a vacinação, não foi encontrado título. A análise estatística dos dados referentes a cada uma das variáveis consideradas no estudo foi efetuada segundo a técnica de análise de variância seguida por Tuckey e indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos.

  10. How <em>Varroa> Parasitism Affects the Immunological and Nutritional Status of the Honey Bee, <em>Apis melliferaem>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katherine A. Aronstein

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available We investigated the effect of the parasitic mite <em>Varroa destructorem> on the immunological and nutritional condition of honey bees, <em>Apis melliferaem>, from the perspective of the individual bee and the colony. Pupae, newly-emerged adults and foraging adults were sampled from honey bee colonies at one site in S. Texas, USA. <em>Varroa>‑infested bees displayed elevated titer of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV, suggestive of depressed capacity to limit viral replication. Expression of genes coding three anti-microbial peptides (<em>defensin1, abaecin, hymenoptaecinem> was either not significantly different between <em>Varroa>-infested and uninfested bees or was significantly elevated in <em>Varroa>-infested bees, varying with sampling date and bee developmental age. The effect of <em>Varroa> on nutritional indices of the bees was complex, with protein, triglyceride, glycogen and sugar levels strongly influenced by life-stage of the bee and individual colony. Protein content was depressed and free amino acid content elevated in <em>Varroa>-infested pupae, suggesting that protein synthesis, and consequently growth, may be limited in these insects. No simple relationship between the values of nutritional and immune-related indices was observed, and colony-scale effects were indicated by the reduced weight of pupae in colonies with high <em>Varroa> abundance, irrespective of whether the individual pupa bore <em>Varroa>.

  11. Cerebral oxygenation in the beach chair position for shoulder surgery in regional anesthesia: impact on cerebral blood flow and neurobehavioral outcome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aguirre, José A; Märzendorfer, Olivia; Brada, Muriel; Saporito, Andrea; Borgeat, Alain; Bühler, Philipp

    2016-12-01

    Beach chair position is considered a potential risk factor for central neurological events particularly if combined with low blood pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of regional anesthesia on cerebral blood flow and neurobehavioral outcome. This is a prospective, assessor-blinded observational study evaluating patients in the beach chair position undergoing shoulder surgery under regional anesthesia. University hospital operating room. Forty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists classes I-II physical status scheduled for elective shoulder surgery. Cerebral saturation and blood flow of the middle cerebral artery were measured prior to anesthesia and continued after beach chair positioning until discharge to the postanesthesia care unit. The anesthesiologist was blinded for these values. Controlled hypotension with systolic blood pressure≤100mm Hg was maintained during surgery. Neurobehavioral tests and values of regional cerebral saturation, bispectral index, the mean maximal blood flow of the middle cerebral artery, and invasive blood pressure were measured prior to regional anesthesia, and measurements were repeated after placement of the patient on the beach chair position and every 20 minutes thereafter until discharge to postanesthesia care unit. The neurobehavioral tests were repeated the day after surgery. The incidence of cerebral desaturation events was 5%. All patients had a significant blood pressure drop 5 minutes after beach chair positioning, measured at the heart as well as the acoustic meatus levels, when compared with baseline values (Psurgery (Pshoulder surgery had no major impact on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygenation. However, some impact on neurobehavioral outcome 24 hours after surgery was observed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Normal cerebral FDG uptake during childhood

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    London, Kevin; Howman-Giles, Robert

    2014-01-01

    Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more likely to represent a normal population. We reviewed cerebral FDG PET scans in children up to 16 years of age with suspected/proven extracranial malignancies and the following exclusions: central nervous system metastases, previous malignancies, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, development of cerebral metastases during therapy, neurological conditions, taking antiepileptic medication or medications likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism, and general anaesthesia within 24 h. White matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellar cortex were analysed using regional SUV max , and the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum were analysed using a regional relative uptake analysis in comparison to maximal cortical uptake. Scans from 30 patients (age range 11 months to 16 years, mean age 10 years 5 months) were included. All regions showed increasing SUV max with age. The parietal, occipital, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobes showed lower rates of increasing FDG uptake causing changing patterns of regional FDG uptake during childhood. The cortical regions showing the most intense uptake in early childhood were the parietal and occipital lobes. At approximately 7 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the frontal lobes and at approximately 10 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the thalamus. Relative FDG uptake in the brain has not reached an adult pattern by 1 year of age, but continues to change up to 16 years of age. The changing pattern is due to different regional rates of increasing cortical FDG uptake, which is less rapid in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes than in the frontal lobes. (orig.)

  13. Normal cerebral FDG uptake during childhood

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    London, Kevin [The Children' s Hospital at Westmead, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, NSW (Australia); University of Sydney, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW (Australia); Howman-Giles, Robert [The Children' s Hospital at Westmead, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, NSW (Australia); University of Sydney, Disciplines of Imaging and Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW (Australia)

    2014-04-15

    Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more likely to represent a normal population. We reviewed cerebral FDG PET scans in children up to 16 years of age with suspected/proven extracranial malignancies and the following exclusions: central nervous system metastases, previous malignancies, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, development of cerebral metastases during therapy, neurological conditions, taking antiepileptic medication or medications likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism, and general anaesthesia within 24 h. White matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellar cortex were analysed using regional SUV{sub max}, and the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum were analysed using a regional relative uptake analysis in comparison to maximal cortical uptake. Scans from 30 patients (age range 11 months to 16 years, mean age 10 years 5 months) were included. All regions showed increasing SUV{sub max} with age. The parietal, occipital, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobes showed lower rates of increasing FDG uptake causing changing patterns of regional FDG uptake during childhood. The cortical regions showing the most intense uptake in early childhood were the parietal and occipital lobes. At approximately 7 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the frontal lobes and at approximately 10 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the thalamus. Relative FDG uptake in the brain has not reached an adult pattern by 1 year of age, but continues to change up to 16 years of age. The changing pattern is due to different regional rates of increasing cortical FDG uptake, which is less rapid in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes than in the frontal lobes. (orig.)

  14. The relation of breech presentation at term to cerebral palsy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krebs, L; Topp, M; Langhoff-Roos, J

    1999-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between breech delivery and cerebral palsy, considering the influence of intrauterine growth, low Apgar score at birth, and mode of delivery. DESIGN: Register-based, case-control study. POPULATION: A cohort of infants with cerebral palsy born between 1979 and 1986...... in East Denmark, identified by linkage of the cerebral palsy register with the national birth register. Discharge letters from births of breech infants with cerebral palsy were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presentation, mode of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, Apgar score, type of cerebral...

  15. Association of Lead Levels and Cerebral Palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neha Bansal MD

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Background: Cerebral palsy is a common motor disability in childhood. Raised lead levels affect cognition. Children with cerebral palsy may have raised lead levels, further impairing their residual cognitive motor and behavioral abilities. Environmental exposure and abnormal eating habits may lead to increased lead levels. Aims and Objectives: To measure blood lead levels in children with cerebral palsy and compare them with healthy neurologically normal children. To correlate blood lead levels with environmental factors. Material and Methods: Design: Prospective case-control study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: Cases comprised 34 children with cerebral palsy, and controls comprised 34 neurologically normal, age- and sex-matched children. Methods: Clinical and demographic details were recorded as per proforma. Detailed environmental history was recorded to know the source of exposure to lead. These children were investigated and treated as per protocol. Venous blood was collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vials for analysis of blood lead levels. Lead levels were estimated by Schimadzu Flame AA-6800 (atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. P < .05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean blood lead levels were 9.20 ± 8.31 µg/dL in cerebral palsy cases and 2.89 ± 3.04 µg/dL in their controls (P < .001. Among children with cerebral palsy, 19 (55.88% children had blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL. Lead levels in children with pica were 12.33 ± 10.02 µg/dL in comparison to children with no history of pica, 6.70 ± 4.60 µg/dL (P = .029. No correlation was found between hemoglobin and blood lead levels in cases and controls. Conclusion: In our study, blood lead levels are raised in children with cerebral palsy. However, further studies are required to show effects of raised levels in these children.

  16. The importance of bilateral monitoring of cerebral oxygenation (NIRS): Clinical case of asymmetry during cardiopulmonary bypass secondary to previous cerebral infarction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matcan, S; Sanabria Carretero, P; Gómez Rojo, M; Castro Parga, L; Reinoso-Barbero, F

    2018-03-01

    Cerebral oximetry based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology is used to determine cerebral tissue oxygenation. We hereby present the clinical case of a 12-month old child with right hemiparesis secondary to prior left middle cerebral artery stroke 8 months ago. The child underwent surgical enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with cardiopulmonary bypass. During cardiopulmonary bypass, asymmetric NIRS results were detected between both hemispheres. The utilization of multimodal neuromonitoring (NIRS-BIS) allowed acting on both perfusion pressure and anesthetic depth to balance out the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen consumption. No new neurological sequelae were observed postoperatively. We consider bilateral NIRS monitoring necessary in order to detect asymmetries between cerebral hemispheres. Although asymmetries were not present at baseline, they can arise intraoperatively and its monitoring thus allows the detection and treatment of cerebral ischemia-hypoxia in the healthy hemisphere, which if undetected and untreated would lead to additional neurological damage. Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  17. Ketone bodies metabolism during ischemic and reperfusion brain injuries following bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries in rats Metabolismo dos corpos cetônicos durante as lesões de isquemia e reperfusão cerebrais após oclusão bilateral das artérias carótidas comuns em ratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário Henrique Girão Faria

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vivo alterations on ketone bodies metabolism after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through an experimental model of brain ischemia induced by simple occlusion of common carotid arteries (CCAs in Wistar rats. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed on two groups (S - Sham; T - Test and further redistributed into four times sets of study. After bilateral occlusion of CCAs for 30min, the animals of group T were allowed reperfusion for 0, 5, 10 and 15min. Samples of cerebral tissue and systemic arterial blood were collected and the metabolites acetoacetate (ACT and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB were determined. RESULTS: Cerebral ACT and BHB levels increased significantly in Group T after 30min of carotid occlusion (time 0. The highest brain ketone bodies (ACT+BHB concentration was verified at 5min of reperfusion, decreasing after 10min of recirculation. Systemic ketone bodies levels increased similarly between test and sham groups. Group S demonstrated a significant increase in cerebral and systemic ACT and BHB concentrations mainly after 40-45min of study. CONCLUSIONS: The partial transient acute global brain ischemia induced by the bilateral carotid occlusion in Wistar rats triggered ketogenesis probably due to a central stimulation of catecholamine secretion. There was an increased cerebral uptake of ketone bodies following brain ischemia, reaffirming these metabolites as alternative energy substrates under conditions of cerebral metabolic stress as well as its potential role on neuroprotection. The greatest changes in ketone bodies metabolism were verified at initial minutes of recirculation as a result of the reperfusion injury phenomenon.OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações in vivo no metabolismo dos corpos cetônicos após isquemia/reperfusão cerebral através de um modelo experimental de isquemia cerebral induzido pela simples oclusão das artérias carótidas comuns (CCAs em ratos Wistar. M

  18. Effect of NMDA Receptor Antagonist on Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rate in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Sang Eun; Hong, Seung Bong; Yoon, Byung Woo

    1995-01-01

    There has recently been increasing interest in the use of NMDA receptor antagonists as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the selective non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in focal cerebral ischemia, local cerebral glucose utilization (1CGU) was examined in 15 neuroanatomically discrete regions of the conscious rat brain using the 2-deoxy-D[14C]glucose quantitative autoradiographic technique 24 hr after left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Animals received MK-801 (5 mg/kg i.v.) or saline vehicle before (20-30 min) or after (30 min) MCAO. Both pretreatment and posttreatment of MK-801 increased occluded/non-occluded 1CGU ratio in 7 and 5 of the 15 regions measured, respectively(most notably in cortical structures). Following MK-801 pretreatment, there was evidence of widespread increases in 1CCPU not only in the non-occluded hemisphere (12 of the 15 areas studied) but also in the occluded hemisphere (13 of the 15 areas studied), while MK-801 posttreatment did not significantly increase 1CGU both in the normal and occluded hemispheres. These data indicate that MK-801 has a neuroprotective effect in focal cerebral ischemia and demonstrate that MK-801 provides widespread alterations of glucose utilization in conscious animals.

  19. Cognitive neuropsychological and regional cerebral blood flow study of a Japanese-English bilingual girl with specific language impairment (SLI).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uno, Akira; Wydell, Taeko N; Kato, Motoichiro; Itoh, Kanae; Yoshino, Fumihiro

    2009-02-01

    We report here on an investigation into the possible factors which might have contributed to language impairment (LI) in EM, a 14-year-old Japanese-English bilingual girl. EM was born in the UK to Japanese parents with no other siblings, and used English to communicate with all other people except for her parents. A delay in her English language development was identified at primary school in the UK, which was attributed to her bilingualism. The deficiency in her English language skills persisted into her adolescence despite more than adequate educational opportunities (including additional language support). At the start of her secondary education, language ability/literacy attainment tests were conducted in both English and Japanese, and the results suggested specific language impairment (SLI) in both languages. Further, her brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) revealed significantly lower Regional Cerebral Blood Flow(rCBF) in the left temporo-parietal area, which is also similar to the area of dysfunction often found among Japanese individuals with SLI.

  20. Cerebral asymmetries: complementary and independent processes.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gjurgjica Badzakova-Trajkov

    Full Text Available Most people are right-handed and left-cerebrally dominant for speech, leading historically to the general notion of left-hemispheric dominance, and more recently to genetic models proposing a single lateralizing gene. This hypothetical gene can account for higher incidence of right-handers in those with left cerebral dominance for speech. It remains unclear how this dominance relates to the right-cerebral dominance for some nonverbal functions such as spatial or emotional processing. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging with a sample of 155 subjects to measure asymmetrical activation induced by speech production in the frontal lobes, by face processing in the temporal lobes, and by spatial processing in the parietal lobes. Left-frontal, right-temporal, and right-parietal dominance were all intercorrelated, suggesting that right-cerebral biases may be at least in part complementary to the left-hemispheric dominance for language. However, handedness and parietal asymmetry for spatial processing were uncorrelated, implying independent lateralizing processes, one producing a leftward bias most closely associated with handedness, and the other a rightward bias most closely associated with spatial attention.

  1. Cerebral artery dilatation maintains cerebral oxygenation at extreme altitude and in acute hypoxia--an ultrasound and MRI study

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wilson, Mark H.; Edsell, Mark E. G.; Davagnanam, Indran; Hirani, Shashivadan P.; Martin, Dan S.; Levett, Denny Z. H.; Thornton, John S.; Golay, Xavier; Strycharczuk, Lisa; Newman, Stanton P.; Montgomery, Hugh E.; Grocott, Mike P. W.; Imray, Christopher H. E.; Ahuja, V.; Aref-Adib, G.; Burnham, R.; Chisholm, A.; Clarke, K.; Coates, D.; Coates, M.; Cook, D.; Cox, M.; Dhillon, S.; Dougall, C.; Doyle, P.; Duncan, P.; Edsell, M.; Edwards, L.; Evans, L.; Gardiner, P.; Grocott, M.; Gunning, P.; Hart, N.; Harrington, J.; Harvey, J.; Holloway, C.; Howard, D.; Hurlbut, D.; Imray, C.; Ince, C.; Jonas, M.; van der Kaaij, J.; Khosravi, M.; Kolfschoten, N.; Levett, D.; Luery, H.; Luks, A.; Martin, D.; McMorrow, R.; Meale, P.

    2011-01-01

    Transcranial Doppler is a widely used noninvasive technique for assessing cerebral artery blood flow. All previous high altitude studies assessing cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the field that have used Doppler to measure arterial blood velocity have assumed vessel diameter to not alter. Here, we

  2. Somatosensory discrimination deficits following pediatric cerebral malaria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dugbartey, A T; Spellacy, F J; Dugbartey, M T

    1998-09-01

    Pathologic studies of central nervous system damage in human falciparum malaria indicate primary localization in the cerebral white matter. We report a sensory-perceptual investigation of 20 Ghanaian children with a recent history of cerebral malaria who were age-, gender-, and education-matched with 20 healthy control subjects. Somatosensory examinations failed to show any evidence of hemianesthesia, pseudohemianesthesia, or extinction to double simultaneous tactile stimulation. While unilateral upper limb testing revealed intact unimanual tactile roughness discrimination, bimanual tactile discrimination, however, was significantly impaired in the cerebral malaria group. A strong negative correlation (r = -0.72) between coma duration and the bimanual tactile roughness discrimination test was also found. An inefficiency in the integrity of callosal fibers appear to account for our findings, although alternative subcortical mechanisms known to be involved in information transfer across the cerebral hemispheres may be compromised as well.

  3. Value of three-dimensional computed tomography in screening cerebral aneurysms

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yamaguchi, Tamaki; Sugiura, Yusuke; Suzuki, Atsushi; Yamagata, Yoshitaka [Hyogo Medical Coll. (Japan)

    1997-10-01

    We performed three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in 6 patients of cerebral aneurysm. Prior cerebral angiography showed a total of 17 aneurysms. 3D-CT alone detected 10 cerebral aneurysm (59%). It was possible to identify aneurysms larger than 10 mm even when located near the circle of Willis. It was difficult to identify aneurysms when smaller than 7 mm regardless of their location. 3D-CT was of limited value in detecting cerebral aneurysms, particularly when located near the circle of Willis with complex vascular network. As cases of oculomotor palsy may be caused by lesions other than cerebral aneurysm, we advocate that 3D-CT be performed after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in screening cases of suspected cerebral aneurysm. (author)

  4. Gammagraphy of cerebral perfusion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vazquez, Silvia

    2003-01-01

    Important aspects of the gammagraphy of cerebral perfusion and the diverse clinical applications in the neurological diseases are comment in this article. We focus in the usefulness of the photon emission cerebral tomography (SPECT) and its capacity to cross the hemato encephalic barrier through the use of radiopharmacons like 99 mTc-H M-PAO and 99mTc-EDC, thus managing to offer functional data on the captantes neurons of the radiopharmacon. The clinical applications of SPECT are studied; cerebrovascular disease, transient ischemic attacks, dementias, Alzheimer disease, as well as other neurological diseases are referred. (The author)

  5. The Danish Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Program

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Helle Mätzke; Nordbye-Nielsen, Kirsten; Møller-Madsen, Bjarne

    2016-01-01

    AIM OF DATABASE: The Danish Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Program is a combined follow-up program and national clinical quality database that aims to monitor and improve the quality of health care for children with cerebral palsy (CP). STUDY POPULATION: The database includes children with CP aged 0...... indicators in three of five regions in Denmark comprising 432 children with CP, corresponding to a coverage of 82% of the expected population. CONCLUSION: The Danish Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Program is currently under development as a national clinical quality database in Denmark. The database holds...

  6. Fatores prognósticos de sobrevida pós-reanimação cardiorrespiratória cerebral em hospital geral In-hospital post-cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation survival prognostic factors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Mansur de Carvalho Guanaes Gomes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as características clínicas e demográficas dos pacientes que receberam reanimação cardiorrespiratória e detectar fatores prognósticos de sobrevivência a curto e longo prazo. MÉTODOS: Analisamos, prospectivamente, 452 pacientes que receberam reanimação em hospitais gerais de Salvador. Utilizou-se análise uni, bivariada e estratificada nas associações entre as variáveis e a curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier e a regressão de Cox para análise de nove anos de evolução. RESULTADOS: A idade variou de 14 a 93 anos, media de 54,11 anos; predominou o sexo masculino; metade dos pacientes tinha ao menos uma doença de base, enfermidade cardiovascular foi etiologia responsável em metade dos casos. Parada cardíaca foi testemunhada em 77% dos casos e em apenas 69% dos pacientes foi iniciada imediatamente a reanimação. O ritmo cardíaco inicial não foi diagnosticado em 59% dos pacientes. Assistolia foi o ritmo mais freqüente (42%, seguida de arritmia ventricular (35%. A sobrevida imediata foi de 24% e sobrevida à alta hospitalar de 5%. Foram identificados como fatores prognósticos em curto prazo: etiologia da parada; diagnóstico do ritmo cardíaco inicial; fibrilação ou taquicardia ventricular como mecanismo de parada; tempo estimado préreanimação menor ou igual a 5 minutos e, tempo de reanimação menor ou igual a 15 minutos. Os fatores prognósticos de sobrevivência em nove anos de evolução foram: não ter recebido epinefrina; ser reanimado em hospital privado e tempo de reanimação menor ou igual a 15 minutos. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados observados podem servir de subsídios para os profissionais de saúde decidir quando iniciar ou parar uma reanimação no ambiente hospitalar.OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical and demographic characteristics of patients who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation and identify short- and long-term survival prognostic factors. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-two (452 resuscitated

  7. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during running

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lyngeraa, T. S.; Pedersen, L. M.; Mantoni, T.; Belhage, B.; Rasmussen, L. S.; van Lieshout, J. J.; Pott, F. C.

    2013-01-01

    Running induces characteristic fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) of unknown consequence for organ blood flow. We hypothesized that running-induced BP oscillations are transferred to the cerebral vasculature. In 15 healthy volunteers, transcranial Doppler-determined middle cerebral artery (MCA)

  8. Radiologic manifestations of focal cerebral hyperemia in acute stroke

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsen, Tom Skyhøj; Skriver, E B; Herning, M

    1991-01-01

    In 16 acute stroke patients with focal cerebral hyperemia angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were studied 1 to 4 days post stroke. CT was performed twice with and without contrast enhancement 3 +/- 1 days and 16 +/- 4 days post stroke. Angiographic evidence of focal cerebral hype...

  9. Trophic systems and chorology: data from shrews, moles and voles of Italy preyed by the barn owl / Sistemi trofici e corologia: dati su <em>Soricidae>, <em>Talpidae> ed <em>Arvicolidae> d'Italia predati da <em>Tyto albaem> (Scopoli 1769

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Longino Contoli

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In small Mammals biogeography, available data are up to now by far too scanty for elucidate the distribution of a lot of taxa, especially with regard to the absence from a given area. In this respect, standardized quantitative sampling techniques, like Owl pellets analysis can enable not only to enhance faunistic knowledges, but also to estimate the actual absence probability of a given taxon "m", lacking from the diet of an individual raptor. For the last purpose, the relevant frequencies of "m" in the other ecologically similar sites of the same raptor species diets are averaged ($f_m$ : the relevant standard error (multiplicated by a coefficient, according to the desired degree of accuracy, in relation of the integral of probabilities subtracted ($overline{F}_m - a E$: then, the probability that a single specimen is not pertaining to "m" is obtained ($P_0 = 1 - F_m + a E$; lastly, the desiderate accuracy probability ($P_d$ is chosen. Now, "$N_d$" (the number of individuals of all prey species in a single site needed for obtain, with the desired probability, a specimen at least of "m" is obtained through $$N = frac{ln P_d}{ln P_0}$$ Obviously, every site-diet with more than "N" preyed individuals and without any "i" specimen is considered to be lacking of such taxon. A "usefulness index" for the above purposes is outlined and checked about three raptors. Some exanples about usefulness of the Owl pellet analysis method in biogeography are given, concerning <em>Tyto albaem> diets in peninsular Italy about: - <em>Sorex minutusem>, lacking in some quite insulated areas; - <em>Sorex araneusem> (sensu stricto, after GRAF et al., 1979, present also in lowland areas in Emilia-Romagna; - <em>Crocidura suaveolensem> and - <em>Suncus etruscusem>, present also in the southermost part of Calabria (Reggio province; - <em>Talpa caecaem>, present also in the Antiapennines of Latium (Cimini mounts; - <em>Talpa romanaem

  10. Advances in the management of cerebral malaria in adults

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mishra, Saroj K; Wiese, Lothar

    2009-01-01

    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cerebral malaria continues to be a substantial cause of death and disability worldwide. Although many studies deal with cerebral malaria in children, only very few pertain to adults. Presence of multiorgan failure makes the prognosis poor. Various mechanisms in the pathogenesis...... of cerebral malaria and the role of adjuvant therapy will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Artemisinin-based therapies have improved antiparasitic treatment, but in-hospital mortality still remains high, as do neurological sequelae. Several recent studies have given new insights in the pathophysiology...... of cerebral malaria particularly the role of immune mechanisms in disease progression. Recent findings have identified several potential candidates for adjuvant neuroprotective treatment. Recombinant human erythropoietin has shown beneficial effect in experimental cerebral malaria and will soon enter...

  11. MRI of sickle cell cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zimmerman, R.A.; Goldberg, H.I.; Bilaniuk, L.T.; Hackney, D.B.; Johnson, M.; Grossman, R.I.; Hecht-Leavitt, C.; Gill, F.; Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia

    1987-01-01

    Eleven patients with sickle cell disease and neurological symptoms underwent MRI examination. Cerebral infarcts of two types were found, those in the vascular distribution of the middle cerebral artery and those in the deep white matter. In the patient whose hydration and whose oxygenation of erythrocytes has been treated, MRI offers diagnostic advantages over arteriography and CT. (orig.)

  12. Low cerebral blood flow in hypotensive perinatal distress

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lou, H.C.; Lassen, N.A.; Friis-Hansen, B.

    1977-01-01

    Hypoxic brain injury is the most important neurological problem in the neonatal period and accounts for more neurological deficits in children than any other lesion. The neurological deficits are notably mental retardation, epilepsy and cerebral palsy. The pathogenesis has hitherto been poorly understood. Arterial hypoxia has been taken as the obvious mechanism but this does not fully explain the patho-anatomical findings. In the present investigation we have examined the arterial blood pressure and the cerebral blood flow in eight infants a few hours after birth. The 133Xe clearance technique was used for the cerebral blood flow measurements. The study confirmed that perinatal distress may be associated with low arterial blood pressure, and it was shown that cerebral blood flow is very low, 20 ml/100 g/min or less, in hypotensive perinatal distress. It is concluded that cerebral ischaemia plays a crucial role in the development of perinatal hypoxic brain injury. (author)

  13. External carotid compression: a novel technique to improve cerebral perfusion during selective antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch surgery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grocott, Hilary P; Ambrose, Emma; Moon, Mike

    2016-10-01

    Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) involving cannulation of either the axillary or innominate artery is a commonly used technique for maintaining cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the use of hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) for operations on the aortic arch. Nevertheless, asymmetrical CBF with hypoperfusion of the left cerebral hemisphere is a common occurrence during SACP. The purpose of this report is to describe an adjunctive maneuver to improve left hemispheric CBF during SACP by applying extrinsic compression to the left carotid artery. A 77-yr-old male patient with a history of aortic valve replacement presented for emergent surgical repair of an acute type A aortic dissection of a previously known ascending aortic aneurysm. His intraoperative course included cannulation of the right axillary artery, which was used as the aortic inflow during cardiopulmonary bypass and also allowed for subsequent SACP during HCA. After the onset of HCA, the innominate artery was clamped at its origin to allow for SACP. Shortly thereafter, however, the left-sided cerebral oxygen saturation (SrO2) began to decrease. Augmenting the PaO2, PaCO2 and both SACP pressure and flow failed to increase left hemispheric SrO2. Following the use of ultrasound guidance to confirm the absence of atherosclerotic disease in the carotid artery, external pressure was applied partially compressing the artery. With the carotid compression, the left cerebral saturation abruptly increased, suggesting pressurization of the left cerebral hemispheric circulation and augmentation of CBF. Direct ultrasound visualization and cautious partial compression of the left carotid artery may address asymmetrical CBF that occurs with SACP during HCA for aortic arch surgery. This strategy may lead to improved symmetry of CBF and corresponding cerebral oximetry measurements during aortic arch surgery.

  14. [Analysis of 58 neonatal cases with cerebral infarction].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zhi-hua; Chen, Chao

    2013-01-01

    Cerebral infarction (CI) is one of severe diseases of central nervous system in neonates, and some infants with CI could have poor prognosis in the long term. This study aimed to analyze the clinical data and prognosis of all neonatal cases with cerebral infarction in recent years and to help future clinical work. Totally 58 neonatal cases with CI admitted to NICU of the hospital from January 1999 to December 2010 were included in this study. We analyzed all clinical data and prognosis by retrospective analysis. Fifty-two term babies and six preterm babies were included. There were altogether 51 cases with asphyxia and 7 with hemorrhagic cerebral infarction. Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia was the most common high-risk factor and it accounted for 46.6%. Seizure was the most frequent initial symptom and the most common clinical manifestation (accounted for 77.6%), and it was followed by intermittent cyanosis, apnea and lethargy. Cerebral CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging were major methods to help to make the diagnosis and they also had close relation with prognosis. Diffusion weighted imaging was very helpful to diagnose infarction in early stage. Left middle cerebral artery was the most common artery to be involved. Supportive therapy and symptomatic treatment were the main methods in the acute stage of neonatal cerebral infarction. Those babies with poor prognosis mostly had large infarction involving cerebral hemisphere, thalamus and basal ganglia. Neonatal cerebral infarction was a severe brain injury affecting long tern nervous system prognosis. Perinatal hypoxia was the most common high-risk factor and seizure was the most frequent initial symptom. Diffusion weighted imaging was valuable to diagnose infarction in early stage. Most of infants with poor prognosis had large infarction involving hemisphere, thalamus and basal ganglia. Early diagnosis with brain imaging would be helpful for rehabilitation therapy and improving prognosis.

  15. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ito, Hidemichi; Sakurai, Takashi; Hayashi, Tatsuo; Hashimoto, Takuo

    2004-01-01

    The mechanism of reduction of cerebral circulation in the early phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not yet been clarified. Previous studies have variously indicated that cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction may be due to cerebral vasospasm, an elevation in intracranial pressure (ICP), constriction of intraparenchymal arterioles, or metabolic reduction. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism. In 36 patients with aneurysmal SAH, the values of mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (GMRO 2 ) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were measured by using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with arterial blood drawing and oxygen saturation of internal jugular bulb blood (SjO 2 ) in the acute stage (1-3 days after onset) and the spasm stage (7-10 days after onset). The patients in our study were selected by using the following criteria: no history of cerebrovascular or cardiopulmonary diseases; under the age of 70; the ruptured aneurysm was treated by clipping or coil embolization within 72 hours after onset; no symptoms of cerebral vasospasm; no signs of cerebral ischemic change on CT scans. These patients were divided into 2 groups according to the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grading classification; the mild group (Grades I and II) consisted of 27 cases and the severe group (Grade IV) consisted of 9 cases. We studied differences in mCBF CMRO 2 , and OEF between the mild group and severe group. In the mild group, mCBF, CMRO 2 , and OEF were significantly higher than in the severe group during both the acute and the spasm stage. Also mCBF showed a direct correlation with CMRO 2 . All the patients were kept under the following conditions: the bed was positioned so that the upper body was raised at an angle at 30 deg; blood pressure was maintained at 130-150 mmHg and PaCO 2 of arterial blood was maintained at 35-40 mmHg; ICP

  16. Multiple cerebral aneurysms of middle cerebral artery. Case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.A. Nica1, Tatiana Rosca1, A. Dinca2, M. Stroi3, Mirela Renta4, A.V. Ciurea5

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Multiple cerebral aneurysms present awide variation in incidence with averages of13% at angiographic studies and 22.7% atautopsy.High blood pressue, cigarette smoking,stress and possible also age and female sexseem to be risk factors for multipleintracranial aneurysms (MIAn in patientsof working age who have suffered asubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH.Aneurysms were situated on the same sidein one-third of the patients with twoaneurysms and the most common site wasthe middle cerebral artery (MCA. Tomanage these challenging lesionsneurosurgeons must use all availableinnovations and advances, includingdiagnostic, technical and perioperativeadjuncts. The author presents a case ofmiddle age female, with two saccularaneurysms situated on the same side (rightMCA, who was operated in our clinic, 20days after first SAH episode, I grade onHunt/Hess scale. The angio MRI wasperformed before, and control DSangiography after operation. After pterionalapproach, the author used themagnification, microsurgical technics,temporal clip, and two permanent Yasargilcurved clips. A postoperative good recoveryenable the patient go to work and drive onemonth later.

  17. Pathological review of late cerebral radionecrosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshii, Yoshihiko

    2008-01-01

    Late cerebral radionecrosis may be considered to be a specific chronic inflammatory response, although it is unknown whether the initial damage by brain irradiation is to an endothelial cell or a glial cell. I discuss the pathological specificity of late cerebral radionecrosis by studying the published literature and a case that I experienced. In late cerebral radionecrosis, there are typical coagulation necrosis areas containing fibrinoid necrosis with occlusion of the lumina and poorly active inflammatory areas with many inflammatory ghost cells, focal perivascular lymphocytes, hyalinized vessels, and telangiectatic vascularization near and in the necrotic tissue, and more active inflammatory areas formed as a partial rim of the reactive zone by perivascular lymphocytes, much vascularization, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes at the corticomedullary border adjacent to necrotic tissue in the white matter. It is difficult to believe that coagulation necrosis occurs without first disordering the vascular endothelial cells because fibrinoid necrosis is a main feature and a diffusely multiple lesion in late cerebral radionecrosis. Because various histological findings do develop, progress, and extend sporadically at different areas and times in the irradiated field of the brain for a long time after radiation, uncontrolled chronic inflammation containing various cytokine secretions may also play a key role in progression of this radionecrosis. Evaluation of the mechanism of the development/aggravation of late cerebral radionecrosis requires a further study for abnormal cytokine secretions and aberrant inflammatory reactions. (author)

  18. Psychiatric and subjective symptoms and cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebral infarction after treatment with Ca antagonist (nilvadipine). Quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow by the 123IMP-SPECT ARG method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakayori, Osamu; Kitamura, Shin; Mishina, Masahiro; Yamazaki, Mineo; Terashi, Akirou

    1997-01-01

    Psychiatric and subjective symptoms such as headache, dizziness, lack of spontaneity, anxiety, and a depressive state are often found in patients with chronic cerebral infarction. Some Ca antagonists are reported to relieve such symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between psychiatric and subjective symptoms and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cerebral infarction and to evaluate the clinical effects of Ca antagonists from the standpoint of the cerebral circulation. Nilvadipine was administered to is patients with chronic cerebral infarction and their CBF was measured by the 123 IMP-SPECT ARG method before and at 8 weeks after the nilvadipine treatment. The CBF in patients with hypertension was increased by 11% after giving nilvadipine. Patients without hypertension showed no tendency for elevation of their CBF. Patients who were relieved from some psychiatric symptoms revealed a 14% increase of CBF in all cortical regions, and a significant increase was noted in the frontal and temporal regions. In other patients without changes in psychiatric symptoms, the CBF did not increase in any of the cortical regions. No relationship between symptoms and CBF was observed in any of the patients with subjective symptoms. Our study demonstrated a close correlation between psychiatric symptoms and CBF. We speculate that psychiatric symptoms in chronic cerebral infarction may reflect diffuse brain dysfunctions. We also conclude that nilvadipine is more effective in relieving psychiatric symptoms in patients with hypertensive cerebral infarction. It is inferred that nilvadipine may be more effective in relieving psychiatric symptoms in patients with hypertension. (author)

  19. Cerebral vasculopathy in children with sickle cell anemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fasano, Ross M; Meier, Emily R; Hulbert, Monica L

    2015-01-01

    Sickle cell anemia (SCA)-associated cerebral vasculopathy and moyamoya is a unique entity reflecting the abnormal interactions between sickled red blood cells (RBCs) and the cerebral arterial endothelium. Endothelial injury, coagulation activation, and the inflammatory response generated by sickled RBCs are implicated in the development of cerebral vasculopathy, but the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. SCA-specific screening and treatment guidelines have successfully reduced the incidence of overt strokes in this high-risk population. However, despite aggressive hematological management, many children with cerebral vasculopathy due to SCA have progressive vasculopathy and recurrent strokes; therefore, more effective therapies, such as revascularization surgery and curative hematopoietic stem cell transplant, are urgently needed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Glycopyrrolate abolishes the exercise-induced increase in cerebral perfusion in humans

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Seifert, Thomas; Fisher, James P; Young, Colin N

    2010-01-01

    Brain blood vessels contain muscarinic receptors that are important for cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, but whether a cholinergic receptor mechanism is involved in the exercise-induced increase in cerebral perfusion or affects cerebral metabolism remains unknown. We evaluated CBF and cerebral......(mean) during ergometer cycling (n = 8). Separate, randomized and counterbalanced trials were performed in control (no drug) conditions and following muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade by glycopyrrolate. Glycopyrrolate increased resting heart rate from approximately 60 to approximately 110 beats min(-1...... abolished by glycopyrrolate (P important for the exercise-induced increase in cerebral perfusion without affecting the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen....

  1. Efeito de um programa de fisioterapia funcional em crianças com paralisia cerebral associado a orientações aos cuidadores: estudo preliminar Effect of a functional physical therapy program on cerebral palsy children, associated to guidance for their caregivers: a preliminary study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carolina Gama e Silva Brianeze

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi verificar o efeito de um programa de fisioterapia funcional para crianças com paralisia cerebral, associado a orientações aos pais e/ou cuidadores; e verificar a correlação entre as habilidades funcionais e a assistência do cuidador, utilizando o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI. Participaram quatro crianças entre 24 e 43 meses de idade, hemiplégicas, espásticas e nível I no sistema de classificação da função motora ampla (GMFCS. Foram realizadas quatro avaliações - uma antes do início do programa, as demais aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a primeira -, empregando-se as partes I (Habilidades funcionais e II (Assistência do cuidador do PEDI. As crianças foram submetidas a sessões de uma hora de fisioterapia funcional três vezes por semana, durante três meses: duas vezes a sessão era de fisioterapia com base no conceito neuroevolutivo Bobath e uma vez, treino de atividades da vida diária. Também foram dadas orientações por escrito aos pais e/ou cuidadores quanto à assistência à criança, incentivando-os a praticá-la em casa. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, na última avaliação, as crianças obtiveram escores significativamente maiores que na primeira. Foi verificada correlação altamente significativa (r=1,0; p=0,083 entre as partes I e II. O programa de fisioterapia funcional associado às orientações aos pais e/ou cuidadores foi efetivo em melhorar o desempenho funcional de crianças nível I com hemiplegia espástica.The purpose was to verify the effect of a functional physical therapy program on children with cerebral palsy, associated to guidance to parents and/or caregivers; and to search for correlations between the child's functional abilities and caregivers' assistance, by means of the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI. Four hemiplegic, spastic children between 24 and 43 months old, classified at the Gross Motor Function Classification System

  2. Cerebral Palsy: General Information. Fact Sheet Number 2 = La Paralisis Cerebral: Informacion General. Fact Sheet Number 18.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Interstate Research Associates, McLean, VA.

    This fact sheet on cerebral palsy is offered in both English and Spanish. First, it provides a definition and considers various causes (e.g., an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the fetal or newborn brain). The fact sheet then offers incidence figures and explains characteristics of the three main types of cerebral palsy: spastic, athetoid,…

  3. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise: implications for fatigue

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Seifert, T.; Lieshout, J.J. van; Secher, Niels

    2008-01-01

    During exercise: the Kety-Schmidt-determined cerebral blood flow (CBF) does not change because the jugular vein is collapsed in the upright position. In contrast, when CBF is evaluated by (133)Xe clearance, by flow in the internal carotid artery, or by flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries......, a approximately 25% increase is detected with a parallel increase in metabolism. During activation, an increase in cerebral O(2) supply is required because there is no capillary recruitment within the brain and increased metabolism becomes dependent on an enhanced gradient for oxygen diffusion. During maximal...... whole body exercise, however, cerebral oxygenation decreases because of eventual arterial desaturation and marked hyperventilation-related hypocapnia of consequence for CBF. Reduced cerebral oxygenation affects recruitment of motor units, and supplemental O(2) enhances cerebral oxygenation and work...

  4. Atividades e participação de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral conforme a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde Actividades y participación de niños com Parálisis Cerebral según la Clasificación Internacional de Funcionalidad, Incapacidad y Salud Activities and participation of children with Cerebral Palsy according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ismênia de Carvalho Brasileiro

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available A paralisia cerebral compromete o desempenho funcional do indivíduo acometido. Entretanto, as alterações nas atividades e participação deste têm sido pouco discutidas na literatura. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi descrever características de um grupo de crianças com paralisia cerebral de uma instituição de Fortaleza quanto à capacidade em executar tarefas e participar das atividades de vida diária por meio da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. Ao todo 32 participantes foram avaliados. Os dados foram coletados e agrupados pelo programa Statistical Package of Social of Science. A utilização da CIF proporcionou uma descrição objetiva quanto à dimensão da limitação das crianças com paralisia cerebral estudadas e quanto ao impacto desta alteração na vida da criança.La parálisis cerebral afecta al desempeño funcional del individuo acometido. Sin embargo, las alteraciones en las actividades y participación de este han sido poco discutidas en la literatura. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir características de un grupo de niños con parálisis cerebral de una institución de Fortaleza en relación a la capacidad de ejecutar tareas y participar en actividades de la vida diaria, por medio de la Clasificación Internacional de Funcionalidad, Incapacidad y Salud. En total fueron evaluados 32 participantes. Los datos fueron colectados y agrupados por el programa Statistical Package of Social of Science. La utilización de la CIF proporcionó una descripción objetiva en relación a la dimensión de la limitación de los niños con parálisis cerebral estudiada y al impacto de esta alteración en la vida del niño.Cerebral palsy is among the most common motor disabilities in our midst that limits individuals from carrying out their normal daily routines. The adjacent alterations, characterization, and participation of the child in these activities is not appropriated

  5. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Uganda: a population-based study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina; Andrews, Carin; Peterson, Stefan; Wabwire Mangen, Fred; Eliasson, Ann Christin; Forssberg, Hans

    2017-12-01

    Few population-based studies of cerebral palsy have been done in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to examine cerebral palsy prevalence and subtypes, functional impairments, and presumed time of injury in children in Uganda. In this population-based study, we used a nested, three-stage, cross-sectional method (Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System [HDSS]) to screen for cerebral palsy in children aged 2-17 years in a rural eastern Uganda district. A specialist team confirmed the diagnosis and determined the subtype, motor function (according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]), and possible time of brain injury for each child. Triangulation and interviews with key village informants were used to identify additional cases of suspected cerebral palsy. We estimated crude and adjusted cerebral palsy prevalence. We did χ 2 analyses to examine differences between the group screened at stage 1 and the entire population and regression analyses to investigate associations between the number of cases and age, GMFCS level, subtype, and time of injury. We used data from the March 1, 2015, to June 30, 2015, surveillance round of the Iganga-Mayuge HDSS. 31 756 children were screened for cerebral palsy, which was confirmed in 86 (19%) of 442 children who screened positive in the first screening stage. The crude cerebral palsy prevalence was 2·7 (95% CI 2·2-3·3) per 1000 children, and prevalence increased to 2·9 (2·4-3·6) per 1000 children after adjustment for attrition. The prevalence was lower in older (8-17 years) than in younger (cerebral palsy was the most common subtype (45 [46%] of 97 children) followed by bilateral cerebral palsy (39 [40%] of 97 children). 14 (27%) of 51 children aged 2-7 years had severe cerebral palsy (GMFCS levels 4-5) compared with only five (12%) of 42 children aged 8-17 years. Few children (two [2%] of 97) diagnosed with cerebral palsy were born preterm. Post-neonatal events were the

  6. Cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in dementia.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Purandare, N.; Oude Voshaar, R.C.; Hardicre, J.; Byrne, J.; McCollum, C.N.; Burns, A.

    2006-01-01

    BACKGROUND: The vascular depression hypothesis and our recent findings of increased frequency of spontaneous cerebral emboli in dementia suggest that such emboli may be involved in the causation of depressive symptoms in dementia. AIMS: To evaluate the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli

  7. Quantitative analysis of the corpus callosum in children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay: correlation with cerebral white matter volume

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panigrahy, Ashok; Barnes, Patrick D.; Robertson, Robert L.; Sleeper, Lynn A.; Sayre, James W.

    2005-01-01

    This study was conducted to quantitatively correlate the thickness of the corpus callosum with the volume of cerebral white matter in children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay. Material and methods: A clinical database of 70 children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay was established with children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. These children also demonstrated abnormal periventricular T2 hyperintensities associated with and without ventriculomegaly. Mid-sagittal T1-weighted images were used to measure the thickness (genu, mid-body, and splenium) and length of the corpus callosum. Volumes of interest were digitized based on gray-scale densities to define the hemispheric cerebral white matter on axial T2-weighted and FLAIR images. The thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum was correlated with cerebral white matter volume. Subgroup analysis was also performed to examine the relationship of this correlation with both gestational age and neuromotor outcome. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients. There was a positive correlation between the thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum and the volume of cerebral white matter across all children studied (R=0.665, P=0.0001). This correlation was not dependent on gestational age. The thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum was decreased in the spastic diplegia group compared to the two other groups (hypotonia and developmental delay only; P<0.0001). Within each neuromotor subgroup, there was a positive correlation between thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum and volume of the cerebral white matter. (orig.)

  8. Quantitative analysis of the corpus callosum in children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay: correlation with cerebral white matter volume

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Panigrahy, Ashok [Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Barnes, Patrick D. [Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Lucile Salter Packard Children' s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA (United States); Robertson, Robert L. [Children' s Hospital Boston, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA (United States); Sleeper, Lynn A. [New England Research Institute, Watertown, MA (United States); Sayre, James W. [UCLA Medical Center, Departments of Radiology and Biostatistics, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

    2005-12-01

    This study was conducted to quantitatively correlate the thickness of the corpus callosum with the volume of cerebral white matter in children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay. Material and methods: A clinical database of 70 children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay was established with children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. These children also demonstrated abnormal periventricular T2 hyperintensities associated with and without ventriculomegaly. Mid-sagittal T1-weighted images were used to measure the thickness (genu, mid-body, and splenium) and length of the corpus callosum. Volumes of interest were digitized based on gray-scale densities to define the hemispheric cerebral white matter on axial T2-weighted and FLAIR images. The thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum was correlated with cerebral white matter volume. Subgroup analysis was also performed to examine the relationship of this correlation with both gestational age and neuromotor outcome. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients. There was a positive correlation between the thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum and the volume of cerebral white matter across all children studied (R=0.665, P=0.0001). This correlation was not dependent on gestational age. The thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum was decreased in the spastic diplegia group compared to the two other groups (hypotonia and developmental delay only; P<0.0001). Within each neuromotor subgroup, there was a positive correlation between thickness of the mid-body of the corpus callosum and volume of the cerebral white matter. (orig.)

  9. MR imaging of cerebral palsy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saginoya, Toshiyuki; Yamaguchi, Keiichiro; Kuniyoshi, Kazuhide

    1996-01-01

    We evaluated 35 patients with cerebral palsy on the basis of MR imaging findings in the brain. The types of palsy were spastic quadriplegia (n=11), spastic diplegia (n=9), spastic hemiplegia (n=2), double hemiplegia (n=1), athetosis (n=10) and mixed (n=2). Of all patients, 28 (80%) generated abnormal findings. In spastic quadriplegia, although eight cases revealed severe brain damage, two cases showed no abnormal findings in the brain. One of the three had cervical cord compression caused by atlanto-axial subluxation. In spastic diplegia, the findings were divided according to whether the patient was born at term or preterm. If the patient had been born prematurely, the findings showed periventricular leukomalacia and abnormally high intensity in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule on T2-weighted images. MR imaging in spastic hemiplegia revealed cerebral infarction. In the athetoid type, half of all cases showed either no abnormal findings or slight widening of the lateral ventricle. Three cases showed abnormal signals of the basal ganglia. The reason why athetoid-type palsy did not show severe abnormality is unknown. We believe that MR imaging is a useful diagnostic modality to detect damage in the brain in cerebral palsy and plays an important role in the differentiation of cerebral palsy from the spastic palsy disease. (author)

  10. MR imaging of cerebral palsy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saginoya, Toshiyuki [Urasoe General Hospital, Okinawa (Japan); Yamaguchi, Keiichiro; Kuniyoshi, Kazuhide [and others

    1996-06-01

    We evaluated 35 patients with cerebral palsy on the basis of MR imaging findings in the brain. The types of palsy were spastic quadriplegia (n=11), spastic diplegia (n=9), spastic hemiplegia (n=2), double hemiplegia (n=1), athetosis (n=10) and mixed (n=2). Of all patients, 28 (80%) generated abnormal findings. In spastic quadriplegia, although eight cases revealed severe brain damage, two cases showed no abnormal findings in the brain. One of the three had cervical cord compression caused by atlanto-axial subluxation. In spastic diplegia, the findings were divided according to whether the patient was born at term or preterm. If the patient had been born prematurely, the findings showed periventricular leukomalacia and abnormally high intensity in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule on T2-weighted images. MR imaging in spastic hemiplegia revealed cerebral infarction. In the athetoid type, half of all cases showed either no abnormal findings or slight widening of the lateral ventricle. Three cases showed abnormal signals of the basal ganglia. The reason why athetoid-type palsy did not show severe abnormality is unknown. We believe that MR imaging is a useful diagnostic modality to detect damage in the brain in cerebral palsy and plays an important role in the differentiation of cerebral palsy from the spastic palsy disease. (author)

  11. Microsurgery Simulator of Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping with Interactive Cerebral Deformation Featuring a Virtual Arachnoid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shono, Naoyuki; Kin, Taichi; Nomura, Seiji; Miyawaki, Satoru; Saito, Toki; Imai, Hideaki; Nakatomi, Hirofumi; Oyama, Hiroshi; Saito, Nobuhito

    2018-05-01

    A virtual reality simulator for aneurysmal clipping surgery is an attractive research target for neurosurgeons. Brain deformation is one of the most important functionalities necessary for an accurate clipping simulator and is vastly affected by the status of the supporting tissue, such as the arachnoid membrane. However, no virtual reality simulator implementing the supporting tissue of the brain has yet been developed. To develop a virtual reality clipping simulator possessing interactive brain deforming capability closely dependent on arachnoid dissection and apply it to clinical cases. Three-dimensional computer graphics models of cerebral tissue and surrounding structures were extracted from medical images. We developed a new method for modifiable cerebral tissue complex deformation by incorporating a nonmedical image-derived virtual arachnoid/trabecula in a process called multitissue integrated interactive deformation (MTIID). MTIID made it possible for cerebral tissue complexes to selectively deform at the site of dissection. Simulations for 8 cases of actual clipping surgery were performed before surgery and evaluated for their usefulness in surgical approach planning. Preoperatively, each operative field was precisely reproduced and visualized with the virtual brain retraction defined by users. The clear visualization of the optimal approach to treating the aneurysm via an appropriate arachnoid incision was possible with MTIID. A virtual clipping simulator mainly focusing on supporting tissues and less on physical properties seemed to be useful in the surgical simulation of cerebral aneurysm clipping. To our knowledge, this article is the first to report brain deformation based on supporting tissues.

  12. Toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic inflammatory injury

    OpenAIRE

    Wang, Yan-Chun; Lin, Sen; Yang, Qing-Wu

    2011-01-01

    Abstract Cerebral ischemia triggers acute inflammation, which has been associated with an increase in brain damage. The mechanisms that regulate the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia are multifaceted. An important component of this response is the activation of the innate immune system. However, details of the role of the innate immune system within the complex array of mechanisms in cerebral ischemia remain unclear. There have been recent great strides in our understanding of the...

  13. Polyuria and cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

    OpenAIRE

    Brown, Robert J.; Epling, Brian P.; Staff, Ilene; Fortunato, Gilbert; Grady, James J.; McCullough, Louise D.

    2015-01-01

    Background Natriuresis with polyuria is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Previous studies have shown an increased risk of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patients with hyponatremia and/or the cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSW). However, natriuresis may occur in the absence of hyponatremia or hypovolemia and it is not known whether the increase in DCI in patients with CSW is secondary to a concomitant hypovolemia or because the phys...

  14. Crossed aphasia following cerebral infarction in a right-handed patient with atypical cerebral language dominance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Xiaoping; Guo, Yang; Dun, Saihong; Sun, Hongzan

    2018-05-18

    Crossed aphasia (CA), usually referred to as an acquired language disturbance, is caused by a lesion in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the dominant hand, and the exact mechanism is not clear. The development of handedness is influenced by education and training and the impact of habitualization, while language is more susceptible to the impact of speech habits, and it is not absolutely accurate to judge cerebral language dominance by the degree of hand preference. We describe a case of CA after right hemispheric stroke in a right-handed patient with atypical language dominance and attempt to analyze the mechanism of CA based on functional imaging methods, including arterial spin labeling (ASL) and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI). Brain MRI at 24 h after admission showed a large cerebral infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere, including the posteroinferior part of Broca's area in the right frontal lobe, the right temporal lobe, and the right occipital lobe. The patient exhibited a non-fluent aphasia on a standard language test (the Aphasia Battery of Chinese [ABC]) performed on the 7th day after onset. Thus, atypical language dominance was suspected. One week after admission, ASL imaging showed high perfusion in the infarct core zone and low perfusion in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Two months later, PET/MRI demonstrated low metabolism in the posterior frontal lobe, temporal lobe, temporal occipital junction area, and the right basal ganglia. The findings suggest that the patient has right-sided cerebral language dominance, or that both hemispheres have linguistic functions. Not all patients show linguistic capabilities on the side opposite hand preference. The language dominance should be predicted by a combination of clinical manifestations and functional imaging techniques.

  15. Computerized tomographic evaluation of cerebral cysticercosis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Bo Young; Lee, Mi Sook; Jeon, Doo Sung; Kim, Hong Soo; Rhee, Hak Song [Precbyterian Medical Center, Chonju (Korea, Republic of)

    1988-08-15

    Cerebral cysticercosis, unfortunately frequent in Korea, is a parastic disease in which man serve as the intermediate host of taenia solium. The larvae have a predilection for the central nervous system and can cause a variety of neurologic symptoms. The authors reviewed 19 cases of surgically proven cerebral cysticercosis and following results were obtained. 1. The most frequent age distribution was 5th and 6th decade and male to female ratio was 14:5. 2. The most frevalent involving site was cerebral parenchyme and following by ventricles. 3. Clinical manifestations were symtom and sign of increased ICP, seizure and focal neurological dificit. 4. It was assumed that computerized tomography was the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of these parasitic brain disease.

  16. Training model for cerebral aneurysm clipping

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hiroshi Tenjin, M.D., Ph.D.

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Clipping of cerebral aneurysms is still an important skill in neurosurgery. We have made a training model for the clipping of cerebral aneurysms. The concepts for the model were 1: training model for beginners, 2: three dimensional manipulation using an operating microscope, 3: the aneurysm model is to be perfused by simulated blood causing premature rupture. The correct relationship between each tissue, and softness of the brain and vessels were characteristics of the model. The skull, brain, arteries, and veins were made using a 3D printer with data from DICOM. The brain and vessels were made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA. One training course was held and this model was useful for training of cerebral aneurysm surgery for young neurosurgeons.

  17. Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xing, Guibo; Fuentes-Afflick, Elena; Danielson, Beate; Smith, Lloyd H.; Gilbert, William M.

    2011-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: Racial and ethnic disparities in cerebral palsy have been documented, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We determined whether low birth weight accounts for ethnic disparities in the prevalence of cerebral palsy and whether socioeconomic factors impact cerebral palsy within racial and ethnic groups. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort of 6.2 million births in California between 1991 and 2001, we compared maternal and infant characteristics among 8397 infants with cerebral palsy who qualified for services from the California Department of Health Services and unaffected infants. RESULTS: Overall, black infants were 29% more likely to have cerebral palsy than white infants (relative risk: 1.29 [95% confidence interval: 1.19–1.39]). However, black infants who were very low or moderately low birth weight were 21% to 29% less likely to have cerebral palsy than white infants of comparable birth weight. After we adjusted for birth weight, there was no difference in the risk of cerebral palsy between black and white infants. In multivariate analyses, women of all ethnicities who did not receive any prenatal care were twice as likely to have infants with cerebral palsy relative to women with an early onset of prenatal care. Maternal education was associated with cerebral palsy in a dose-response fashion among white and Hispanic women. Hispanic adolescent mothers (aged cerebral palsy. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of cerebral palsy among black infants is primarily related to their higher risk of low birth weight. Understanding how educational attainment and use of prenatal care impact the risk of cerebral palsy may inform new prevention strategies. PMID:21339278

  18. Avaliação dos achados ao exame dos potenciais evocados do tronco cerebral em indivíduos com síndrome de West Evaluation of the brainstem evoked potentials in West syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo Lopes Pereira Filho

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de West é um tipo de espasmo infantil caracterizado por encefalopatia epiléptica associado a espasmos em flexão e deficiência mental de instalação no primeiro ano de vida e de etiologia incerta. Acredita-se ser determinada por diferentes fatores etiológicos como infeção intrauterina, esclerose tuberosa, asfixia perinatal ou afecções pós-natais. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Observacional coorte com corte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: No presente estudo dez pacientes com Síndrome de West foram submetidos ao exame de Potencial Evocado de Tronco Cerebral (BERA para avaliar o envolvimento do tronco cerebral e das vias auditivas a este nível. RESULTADO: Os achados anormais ao BERA incluem alteração na morfologia das curvas com reprodutibilidade apenas de onda I e II, (caso 7, aumento do intervalo interpico da onda I-V (casos 1, 2 e 9, aumento da proporção de amplitude da onda I/V (caso 8 e alteração do limiar eletrofisiológico (caso 7. Tais achados ao BERA sugerem que a disfunção do sistema nervoso resulte principalmente da hipogênese ou degeneração das células nervosas, em parte como resultado da dismielinização. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores recomendam o uso de estudos eletrofisiológicos para avaliar a disfunção do sistema nervoso central no paciente com suspeita de espasmo infantil.The West syndrome is a pediatric disease that involves muscular spasm, mental deficiency and epileptic encephalopathy. This disease tends to be noticed in the first year of life and has no etiology known. It is believed to be caused by different etiology factors as uterine infection, tuberous sclerosis, perinatal asphyxia, or post-born diseases. STUDY DESIGN: Observacional cohort with transversal cut. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this study, ten West Syndrome patients were submitted to Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR to evaluate the involvement of the hearing system. RESULTS: The abnormal results consisted in morphological alterations (case 7

  19. Cerebral candidiasis. Computed tomography appearance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaabane, M.; Ladeb, M.F.; Bouhaouala, M.H.; Ben Hammouda, M.; Ataalah, R.; Gannouni, A.; Krifa, H.

    1989-01-01

    A three year old child who had been suffering from oral candidiasis since the age of 1 year presented with osteitis of the clavicle, 2 cerebral frontal abscesses and an occipital abscess which extended across the calvaria and was associated with osteolysis. Histological and microbiological studies following surgery confirmed the diagnosis of candidiasis in this girl who was found to have IgA immunodefinciency. The authors report the computed tomographic appearance of the cerebral lesions and review the literature. (orig.)

  20. Cerebral candidiasis. Computed tomography appearance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chaabane, M.; Ladeb, M.F.; Bouhaouala, M.H.; Ben Hammouda, M.; Ataalah, R.; Gannouni, A.; Krifa, H.

    1989-07-01

    A three year old child who had been suffering from oral candidiasis since the age of 1 year presented with osteitis of the clavicle, 2 cerebral frontal abscesses and an occipital abscess which extended across the calvaria and was associated with osteolysis. Histological and microbiological studies following surgery confirmed the diagnosis of candidiasis in this girl who was found to have IgA immunodefinciency. The authors report the computed tomographic appearance of the cerebral lesions and review the literature. (orig.).

  1. Animal models of cerebral arterial gas embolism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Weenink, Robert P.; Hollmann, Markus W.; van Hulst, Robert A.

    2012-01-01

    Cerebral arterial gas embolism is a dreaded complication of diving and invasive medical procedures. Many different animal models have been used in research on cerebral arterial gas embolism. This review provides an overview of the most important characteristics of these animal models. The properties

  2. Study on plasma homocysteine (HCY) levels in patients with cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Guozhong

    2005-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the relationship between the plasma levels of HCY, folate and vitamin B 12 and the development of cerebrovascular accidents (infarction and hemorrhage). Methods: Plasma HCY concentrations (with fluorescence polarization immunoassay FPIA) and folate, VitB 12 contents (with immunofluorescence technique) were measured in 150 patients with cerebral infarction, 171 patients with cerebral hemorrhage (all patients confirmed with CT/MRI) and 96 controls. Results: Plasma HCY concentrations were significantly higher (P 12 contents were significantly lower (P 12 concentrations were critically involved in the development and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular accidents. (authors)

  3. Cerebral oxygenation decreases during exercise in humans with beta-adrenergic blockade

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Seifert, T.; Rasmussen, P.; Secher, Niels H.

    2009-01-01

    AIM: Beta-blockers reduce exercise capacity by attenuated increase in cardiac output, but it remains unknown whether performance also relates to attenuated cerebral oxygenation. METHODS: Acting as their own controls, eight healthy subjects performed a continuous incremental cycle test to exhaustion...... attenuated the increase in cardiac output of consequence for cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. We suggest that a decrease in cerebral oxygenation limits exercise capacity Udgivelsesdato: 2009/7...... with or without administration of the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol. Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity were measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound and those in cerebral oxygenation were evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy and the calculated cerebral mitochondrial oxygen tension...

  4. Calcificação nos núcleos da base na tomografia computadorizada: correlação clínica em 25 pacientes consecutivos Basal ganglia calcification on computed tomography: clinical characteristics in 25 patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glória Maria A.S. Tedrus

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Analisamos os aspectos clínicos de 25 pacientes consecutivos que apresentaram calcificação nos núcleos da base na tomografia computadorizada (TC de crânio. Esta ocorreu em 0,68% de todos os exames realizados no período. Vinte e três pacientes apresentavam condições clínicas diversas, a saber: cefaléia em 7 casos, acidente vascular cerebral em 5, síndrome extrapiramidal em 2, processo expansivo cerebral em 2, epilepsia, retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, demência e trauma de crânio em um caso cada ou outras condições neurológicas em 3. Não havia sintomas neurológicos em 2 casos. Em 15 pacientes (60,0% havia, além da calcificação dos núcleos da base, outras alterações na TC. Correlação clínica foi observada apenas com as outras alterações da TC e não com a calcificação dos núcleos da base, corroborando a hipótese de que esta possa ser um achado incidental.Twenty-five patients presenting basal ganglia calcification were assessed. This finding comprised 0.68% of all skull CT scan carried out during the period. Two patients were neurologically asymptomatic and 23 presented a variety neurological disorders - headache (7 patients, stroke (5 patients, extrapyramidal syndromes (2 patients, tumor (2 patients, epilepsy (1 patient, mental retardation (1 patient, dementia (1 patient, cranial trauma (1 patient, other neurological conditions (3 patients - or were asymptomatic from the neurological point of view (2 patients. Findings in the CT scan other than the basal ganglia calcification were observed in 15 (60% patients. There was a clinical-CT scan correlation in these cases but not in those in which the basal ganglia calcification was an isolated finding. This study highlights the fact that basal ganglia calcification is often a nonspecific finding on CT scan and that it may not be possible to establish a clinical-pathological correlation between them.

  5. Mechanisms of Acupuncture Therapy for Cerebral Ischemia: an Evidence-Based Review of Clinical and Animal Studies on Cerebral Ischemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Wen; Ye, Yang; Liu, Yi; Wang, Xue-Rui; Shi, Guang-Xia; Zhang, Shuai; Liu, Cun-Zhi

    2017-12-01

    Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. As a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture has been shown to be effective in promoting recovery after stroke. In this article, we review the clinical and experimental studies that demonstrated the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for cerebral ischemia. Clinical studies indicated that acupuncture activated relevant brain regions, modulated cerebral blood flow and related molecules in stroke patients. Evidence from laboratory indicated that acupuncture regulates cerebral blood flow and metabolism after the interrupt of blood supply. Acupuncture regulates multiple molecules and signaling pathways that lead to excitoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, neurons death and survival. Acupuncture also promotes neurogenesis, angiogenesis as well as neuroplasticity after ischemic damage. The evidence provided from clinical and laboratory suggests that acupuncture induces multi-level regulation via complex mechanisms and a single factor may not be enough to explain the beneficial effects against cerebral ischemia.

  6. Cerebral circulation and metabolism with recovery of chronic poststroke aphasia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamada, Tomoyuki; Kabasawa, Hidehiro; Matsubara, Michitaka; Hibino, Hiroaki; Kamimoto, Kaoru; Fukagawa, Kazutoshi

    2004-01-01

    The recruitment of cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism in the particular brain areas responsible for poststroke aphasia are necessary for recovery. This study was undertaken to investigate changes in cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism corresponding to improvement of aphasia. Twenty-nine right-handed chronic aphasic patients with left hemispheric stroke were studied. Aphasia was evaluated as the score of fluency, comprehension, repetition and naming by the Western Aphasia Battery (Japanese version). Concurrent with the evaluation of aphasia, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed. After several months of speech therapy, PET scans and evaluation of aphasia were reperformed. Both regional cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen significantly increased in the left upper superior and middle temporal gyri, and in the left upper inferior frontal gyrus in the fair recovery group for comprehension, repetition and naming. In the fair recovery group for fluency, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen significantly increased in the left upper superior and middle temporal gyri, but regional cerebral blood flow increased insignificantly in these areas. In the lower white matter of the right parietal lobe, both the regional cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen were significantly increased in the fair recovery group for all aphasic features. The recruitment of cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism in the left temporo-parietal area, in the left inferior frontal area, and in the right deep parietal area are essentially responsible for the recovery of aphasia. (author)

  7. Cerebral Vascular Injury in Traumatic Brain Injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kenney, Kimbra; Amyot, Franck; Haber, Margalit; Pronger, Angela; Bogoslovsky, Tanya; Moore, Carol; Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon

    2016-01-01

    Traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI) is a very frequent, if not universal, feature after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is likely responsible, at least in part, for functional deficits and TBI-related chronic disability. Because there are multiple pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies that promote vascular health, TCVI is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention after TBI. The cerebral microvasculature is a component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) coupling neuronal metabolism with local cerebral blood flow. The NVU participates in the pathogenesis of TBI, either directly from physical trauma or as part of the cascade of secondary injury that occurs after TBI. Pathologically, there is extensive cerebral microvascular injury in humans and experimental animal, identified with either conventional light microscopy or ultrastructural examination. It is seen in acute and chronic TBI, and even described in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Non-invasive, physiologic measures of cerebral microvascular function show dysfunction after TBI in humans and experimental animal models of TBI. These include imaging sequences (MRI-ASL), Transcranial Doppler (TCD), and Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS). Understanding the pathophysiology of TCVI, a relatively under-studied component of TBI, has promise for the development of novel therapies for TBI. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  8. Proximate Composition, Nutritional Attributes and Mineral Composition of <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> L. (Ketumpangan Air Grown in Malaysia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maznah Ismail

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available This study presents the proximate and mineral composition of <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> L., an underexploited weed plant in Malaysia. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods and mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> to be rich in crude protein, carbohydrate and total ash contents. The high amount of total ash (31.22% suggests a high-value mineral composition comprising potassium, calcium and iron as the main elements. The present study inferred that <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> would serve as a good source of protein and energy as well as micronutrients in the form of a leafy vegetable for human consumption.

  9. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with cerebral vasculitis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weinstein, J M; Bresnick, G H; Bell, C L; Roschmann, R A; Brooks, B R; Strother, C M

    1988-09-01

    Acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an unusual self-limited retinal disorder that has been associated with various systemic complications. To our knowledge, three prior cases associated with cerebral vasculitis have been described. This article describes a patient with APMPPE and angiographically documented cerebral vasculitis who was notable because of (a) the presence of two different cerebral ischemic events, occurring 1 month apart, and (b) the long latency (3 months) between the onset of ocular symptoms and the second cerebral ischemic event. Recognition of the association between APMPPE and cerebral vasculitis may permit early treatment of CNS involvement and prevention of morbidity.

  10. Diretrizes para o manejo de pacientes com hemorragia intraparenquimatosa cerebral espontânea Brazilian guidelines for the manegement of intracerebral hemorrhage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Octávio M. Pontes-Neto

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available A hemorragia intraparenquimatosa cerebral (HIC é o subtipo de AVC de pior prognóstico e com tratamento ainda controverso em diversos aspectos. O comitê executivo da Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, através de uma revisão ampla dos artigos publicados em revistas indexadas, elaborou sugestões e recomendações que são aqui descritas com suas respectivas classificações de níveis de evidência. Estas diretrizes foram elaboradas com o objetivo de prover o leitor de um racional para o manejo apropriado dos pacientes com HIC, baseado em evidências clínicas.Among the stroke subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH has the worst prognosis and still lacks a specific treatment. The present manuscript contains the Brazilian guidelines for the management of ICH. It was elaborated by the executive committee of the Brazilian Cerebrovascular Diseases Society and was based on a broad review of articles about the theme. The text aims to provide a rational for the management of patients with an acute ICH, with the diagnostic and therapeutic resources that are available in Brazil.

  11. Infarto do miocárdio e acidente vascular cerebral associados à alta temperatura e monóxido de carbono em área metropolitana do sudeste do Brasil Miocardic infarcts and cerebral-vascular accidents associated with high temperature and carbon monoxide in an metropolitan area of Southeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Davi Rumel

    1993-02-01

    Full Text Available Muito se tem publicado e discutido acerca de fatores de risco ligados a estilo de vida e a fatores hereditários em Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC e Infarto do Miocárdio (IM. Porém o estudo da influência de fatores ambientais como poluição por monóxido de carbono e temperatura na determinação nas ocorrências dessas patologias ainda é pouco discutido em nosso meio. Visando preencher esta lacuna, foi verificada a associação existente entre os valores de temperaturas máximas diárias e valores médio e máximo diários de monóxido de carbono e AVC e IM no Município de São Paulo, SP (Brasil. Foi coletada uma série histórica do número de casos novos de AVC e IM atendidos em Pronto Socorro de um hospital de clínicas e valores de temperatura e monóxido de carbono. Conclui-se que das internações anuais por IM, 2,1% são devidos à poluição atmosférica e 4,9% a altas temperaturas. Das internações anuais por AVC, 2,8% são devidas a altas temperaturas. Não foi identificado associação entre monóxido de carbono e AVC.Many studies have been published about the relationship between life style and genetic risk factors and stroke and heart attack, but there have been few about the relationship between atmospheric pollution, specifically with carbon monoxide, and temperature and stroke and heart attack. With a view to filling this gap the relationship between values of carbon monoxide concentration in the air, maximum and average by day, and maximum temperature by day and the number of new cases of CVA and IM admitted as emergencies at the biggest hospital complex of S. Paulo city was analysed. If was concluded, by the use of multivariable regression analysis, that 2.1% and 4.9% of heart attack admissions were due to carbon monoxide air pollution and high temperature, respectively. 2.8% of stroke admissions were due high temperature. Stroke and carbon monoxide were not associated in this population.

  12. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extracts and Fractionation of Different Parts of <em>Elsholtzia em>ciliata>

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    Yuangang Zu

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of extract and fractions from various parts of <em>Elsholtzia ciliataem>. The inflorescences, leaves, stems and roots of <em>E. ciliataem> were extracted separately and two phenolic component enrichment methods: ethyl acetate-water liquid-liquid extraction and macroporous resin adsorption-desorption, were adopted in this study. The antioxidant activities of water extracts and fractions of <em>E. ciliataem> were examined using different assay model systems <em>in vitroem>. The fraction root E (purified by HPD300 macroporous resin exhibited the highest total phenolics content (497.2 ± 24.9 mg GAE/g, accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity against various antioxidant systems <em>in vitroem> compared to other fractions. On the basis of the results obtained, <em>E. ciliataem> extracts can be used potentially as a ready accessible and valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.

  13. Cerebral Palsy: Still A Social Problem

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    Angom Bisharda

    1997-08-01

    Full Text Available Research Problem: What arc the social aspects of cerebral palsy?Objective: To determine the extent and severity of neuromuscular involvement in cases of cerebral palsy and to find out the associated defects among these children.Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Tertiary care hospital, outdoor patients.Participants: Children in the age group of 0 - 12 years.Sample Size: 120 children suffering from cerebral palsy.Study Variables: Social factors, neuromuscular involvement.Statistical Analysis: By proportionsResult: Out of 120 cases, maximum number of cases (66.6% were in the age group of 1- 4 years. 83 cases ( 69.16% were males. Among the various types, spastic type was the commonest (87.5%. Of these spastic cases, 52 (49.52% had quadriplegia. No case of tremor and rigidity was seen. Delayed milestones was the commonest associated disorder, seen in 107 (89.16% cases, followed by speech defect in 58(48.3% cases, visual defect in 34(28.3% cases and convulsions in 24 (20.0% cases. Hearing defect was seen in 5 cases (4.16% only.Conclusion: More concerted efforts arc required to identify children with cerebral palsy and rehabilitate them for the betterment of society.

  14. Cerebral Palsy: Still A Social Problem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angom Bisharda

    1997-08-01

    Full Text Available Research Problem: What arc the social aspects of cerebral palsy? Objective: To determine the extent and severity of neuromuscular involvement in cases of cerebral palsy and to find out the associated defects among these children. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital, outdoor patients. Participants: Children in the age group of 0 - 12 years. Sample Size: 120 children suffering from cerebral palsy. Study Variables: Social factors, neuromuscular involvement. Statistical Analysis: By proportions Result: Out of 120 cases, maximum number of cases (66.6% were in the age group of 1- 4 years. 83 cases ( 69.16% were males. Among the various types, spastic type was the commonest (87.5%. Of these spastic cases, 52 (49.52% had quadriplegia. No case of tremor and rigidity was seen. Delayed milestones was the commonest associated disorder, seen in 107 (89.16% cases, followed by speech defect in 58(48.3% cases, visual defect in 34(28.3% cases and convulsions in 24 (20.0% cases. Hearing defect was seen in 5 cases (4.16% only. Conclusion: More concerted efforts arc required to identify children with cerebral palsy and rehabilitate them for the betterment of society.

  15. Advances in the imaging of cerebral aneurysm inflammation

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    Michael R Levitt

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral aneurysm formation, growth and rupture are thought to be the result of a complex interaction between cerebrovascular hemodynamics and pathobiology. Recently, new evidence has emerged regarding the role of inflammation in the walls of cerebral aneurysms. Noninvasive methods to characterize the degree of inflammation in aneurysms could enable clinicians to estimate the risk of future aneurysm growth and rupture, influencing treatment. This review examines emerging techniques of imaging inflammatory biomarkers in cerebral aneurysms.

  16. Acute hypoxia increases the cerebral metabolic rate

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vestergaard, Mark Bitsch; Lindberg, Ulrich; Aachmann-Andersen, Niels Jacob

    2016-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to examine changes in cerebral metabolism by magnetic resonance imaging of healthy subjects during inhalation of 10% O2 hypoxic air. Hypoxic exposure elevates cerebral perfusion, but its effect on energy metabolism has been less investigated. Magnetic resonance im...

  17. Cerebral blood flow autoregulation is impaired in schizophrenia: A pilot study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ku, Hsiao-Lun; Wang, Jiunn-Kae; Lee, Hsin-Chien; Lane, Timothy Joseph; Liu, I-Chao; Chen, Yung-Chan; Lee, Yao-Tung; Lin, I-Cheng; Lin, Chia-Pei; Hu, Chaur-Jong; Chi, Nai-Fang

    2017-10-01

    Patients with schizophrenia have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and higher mortality from them than does the general population; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Impaired cerebral autoregulation is associated with cerebrovascular diseases and their mortality. Increased or decreased cerebral blood flow in different brain regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, which implies impaired cerebral autoregulation. This study investigated the cerebral autoregulation in 21 patients with schizophrenia and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. None of the participants had a history of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, or diabetes. All participants underwent 10-min blood pressure and cerebral blood flow recording through finger plethysmography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed by analyzing two autoregulation indices: the mean blood pressure and cerebral blood flow correlation coefficient (Mx), and the phase shift between the waveforms of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow determined using transfer function analysis. Compared with the controls, the patients had a significantly higher Mx (0.257 vs. 0.399, p=0.036) and lower phase shift (44.3° vs. 38.7° in the 0.07-0.20Hz frequency band, p=0.019), which indicated impaired maintenance of constant cerebral blood flow and a delayed cerebrovascular autoregulatory response. Impaired cerebral autoregulation may be caused by schizophrenia and may not be an artifact of coexisting medical conditions. The mechanism underlying impaired cerebral autoregulation in schizophrenia and its probable role in the development of cerebrovascular diseases require further investigation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. A schizophrenic patient with cerebral infarctions after hemorrhagic shock

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    Youichi Yanagawa

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available We herein report the fourth case of cerebral infarction, concomitant with hemorrhagic shock, in English literature. A 33-year-old male, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and given a prescription for Olanzapine, was discovered with multiple self-inflicted bleeding cuts on his wrist. On arrival, he was in hemorrhagic shock without verbal responsiveness, but his vital signs were normalized following infusion of Lactate Ringer′s solution. The neuroradiological studies revealed multiple cerebral ischemic lesions without any vascular abnormality. He was diagnosed with speech apraxia, motor aphasia, and dysgraphia, due to multiple cerebral infarctions. As there was no obvious causative factor with regard to the occurrence of cerebral infarction in the patient, the hypoperfusion due to hemorrhagic shock, and the thromboembolic tendency due to Olanzapine, might have acted together to lead to the patient′s cerebral ischemia.

  19. Cerebral metastasis masquerading as cerebritis: A case of misguiding history and radiological surprise!

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    Ashish Kumar

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral metastases usually have a characteristic radiological appearance. They can be differentiated rather easily from any infective etiology. Similarly, positive medical history also guides the neurosurgeon towards the possible diagnosis and adds to the diagnostic armamentarium. However, occasionally, similarities on imaging may be encountered where even history could lead us in the wrong direction and tends to bias the clinician. We report a case of a 40-year-old female with a history of mastoidectomy for otitis media presenting to us with a space occupying lesion in the right parietal region, which was thought pre-operatively as an abscess along with the cerebritis. Surprisingly, the histopathology proved it to be a metastatic adenocarcinoma. Hence, a ring enhancing lesion may be a high grade neoplasm/metastasis/abscess, significant gyral enhancement; a feature of cerebritis is not linked with a neoplastic etiology more often. This may lead to delayed diagnosis, incorrect prognostication and treatment in patients having coincidental suggestive history of infection. We review the literature and highlight the key points helping to differentiate an infective from a neoplastic pathology which may look similar at times.

  20. Magnetic Resonance Features of Cerebral Malaria

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yadav, P.; Sharma, R.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, U. (Dept. of Radiodiagnosis and Dept. of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (India))

    2008-06-15

    Background: Cerebral malaria is a major health hazard, with a high incidence of mortality. The disease is endemic in many developing countries, but with a greater increase in tourism, occasional cases may be detected in countries where the disease in not prevalent. Early diagnosis and evaluation of cerebral involvement in malaria utilizing modern imaging modalities have an impact on the treatment and clinical outcome. Purpose: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) features of patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. Material and Methods: We present the findings in three patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. MR imaging using a 1.5-Tesla unit was carried out. The sequences performed were 5-mm-thick T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted gradient-echo axial sequences, and sagittal and coronal FLAIR. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained. Results: Focal hyperintensities in the bilateral periventricular white matter, corpus callosum, occipital subcortex, and bilateral thalami were noticed on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. The lesions were more marked in the splenium of the corpus callosum. No enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted MR images was observed. There was no evidence of restricted diffusion on the diffusion-weighted sequence and ADC map. Conclusion: MR is a sensitive imaging modality, with a role in the assessment of cerebral lesions in malaria. Focal white matter and corpus callosal lesions without any restricted diffusion were the key findings in our patients

  1. Magnetic Resonance Features of Cerebral Malaria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yadav, P.; Sharma, R.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, U.

    2008-01-01

    Background: Cerebral malaria is a major health hazard, with a high incidence of mortality. The disease is endemic in many developing countries, but with a greater increase in tourism, occasional cases may be detected in countries where the disease in not prevalent. Early diagnosis and evaluation of cerebral involvement in malaria utilizing modern imaging modalities have an impact on the treatment and clinical outcome. Purpose: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) features of patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. Material and Methods: We present the findings in three patients with cerebral malaria presenting with altered sensorium. MR imaging using a 1.5-Tesla unit was carried out. The sequences performed were 5-mm-thick T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted gradient-echo axial sequences, and sagittal and coronal FLAIR. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm 2 , and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained. Results: Focal hyperintensities in the bilateral periventricular white matter, corpus callosum, occipital subcortex, and bilateral thalami were noticed on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. The lesions were more marked in the splenium of the corpus callosum. No enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted MR images was observed. There was no evidence of restricted diffusion on the diffusion-weighted sequence and ADC map. Conclusion: MR is a sensitive imaging modality, with a role in the assessment of cerebral lesions in malaria. Focal white matter and corpus callosal lesions without any restricted diffusion were the key findings in our patients

  2. Alterações eletroneurofisiológicas em anestesia com sevoflurano: estudo comparativo entre pacientes saudáveis e pacientes com paralisia cerebral Alteraciones eletroneurofisiológicas en anestesia con sevoflurano: estudio comparativo entre pacientes saludables y pacientes con parálisis cerebral Electroneourophysiological changes in anesthesia with sevoflurane: comparative study between healthy and cerebral palsy patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Silva de Mello

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Estudos avaliando a farmacodinâmica de drogas anestésicas em Paralisia Cerebral (PC são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resposta eletroneurofisiológica de pacientes normais e com PC à anestesia com sevoflurano, utilizando o EEG bispectral (BIS e potencial evocado somatossensitivo de curta latência (PESS como técnica de monitorização do grau de profundidade anestésica. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 24 pacientes de 3 a 18 anos, candidatos a cirurgias na Rede Sarah de Hospitais do Aparelho Locomotor, divididos em 2 grupos: 1. PC - 12 crianças com PC tipo espástica; 2. Controle (C - 12 crianças sem doença do SNC. A anestesia foi realizada com sevoflurano associado a N2O a 60% em ventilação assistida. As variáveis BIS e ondas N9, N13, N19 e P/N 22 do PESS - latência e amplitude - foram avaliadas nas frações expiradas de sevoflurano (FEsev de 1,2 e 2,5% (0,5 e 1 CAM. Foram monitorizadas a temperatura e a P ET CO2. Para análise foram utilizadas média e desvio-padrão para o BIS, e média da variação percentual dos valores de latência e amplitude das ondas do PESS, nas duas concentrações do anestésico. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença de sexo, idade, peso e temperatura entre os grupos. Sob efeito da anestesia, os valores de BIS foram mais reduzidos no grupo PC, sendo a diferença entre os grupos estatisticamente significante com a FEsev 2,5% (30,3 x 37,5; p JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Estudios evaluando la farmacodinámica de drogas anestésicas en Parálisis Cerebral (PC son escasos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la respuesta eletroneurofisiológica de pacientes normales y con PC a la anestesia con sevoflurano, utilizando el EEG bispectral (BIS y potencial evocado somatosensitivo de corta latencia (PESS como técnica de monitorización del grado de profundidad anestésica. MÉTODO: Fueron seleccionados 24 pacientes de 3 a 18 años, candidatos a cirugías en la Red Sarah de

  3. Territórios de distribuição da artéria coroídea anterior em hemisférios cerebrais humanos de brancos e negros

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    José Furlani

    1970-03-01

    Full Text Available Foi estudada a distribuição da a. coroídea anterior em 10 hemisférios cerebrais humanos de brancos e negros. Todas as peças foram injetadas a fresco, com massa corada e fixadas em formol. Nelas, a a. coroídea anterior foi dissecada desde a sua origem até a sua incorporação ao plexo coróide do corno inferior do ventrículo lateral. Em seguida à dissecção, as peças foram cortadas em fatias horizontais, de aproximadamente 0,5 cm de espessura. Constatou-se que a a. coroídea anterior se origina da a. carótida interna, e que ela não apresenta diferenças étnicas e sexuais, estatisticamente significantes, no que diz respeito ao seu território de distribuição. Este compreende, segundo nossas observações, as seguintes estruturas: úncus, hipocampo, tracto óptico, plexo coróide do corno inferior do ventrículo lateral e braço posterior da cápsula interna (100%; cauda do núcleo caudado (99% ± 0,99; 3/5 intermédios da porção cranial da base do pedúnculo cerebral, corpo amigdalóide e zona incerta (98% ± 1,40; 1/5 lateral da porção cranial da base do pedúnculo cerebral (92% ± 2,71; porção anterior do corpo geniculado lateral (89% ± 3,13; segmento medial do globo pálido (88% ± 3,25; núcleo subtalâmico (39% ± 4,88; grupamento nuclear lateral do tálamo (26% ± 4,39; segmento lateral do globo pálido (17% ± 3,76; grupamento nuclear posterior do tálamo (13% ± 3,36; porção posterior do putamen (9% ± 2,86; 1/5 medial da porção cranial da base do pedúnculo cerebral (7% ± 2,55 e substância negra (3% ± 1,71.

  4. Bundle of measures for external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chatzi, Maria; Karvouniaris, Marios; Makris, Demosthenes; Tsimitrea, Eleni; Gatos, Charalampos; Tasiou, Anastasia; Mantzarlis, Kostas; Fountas, Kostas N; Zakynthinos, Epaminondas

    2014-01-01

    To assess the prevalence and outcome of external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis in neurocritical patients before and after the implementation of a bundle of external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis control measures. Clinical prospective case series. University Hospital of Larissa, Greece. Consecutive patients were recruited from the ICU of the hospital. Patient inclusion criteria included presence of external ventricular drainage and ICU stay more than 48 hours. The bundle of external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis control measures included 1) reeducation of ICU personnel on issues of infection control related to external cerebral ventricular drainage, 2) meticulous intraventricular catheter handling, 3) cerebrospinal fluid sampling only when clinically necessary, and 4) routine replacement of the drainage catheter on the seventh drainage day if the catheter was still necessary. The bundle was applied after an initial period (preintervention) where standard policy for external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis was established. External cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis prevalence, external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis events per 1,000 drainage days (drain-associated infection rate), length of ICU stay, Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months, and risk factors for external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis. Eighty-two patients entered the study in the preintervention period and 57 patients during the intervention period. During the preintervention and intervention period, external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis prevalence was 28% and 10.5% (p = 0.02) and drain-associated infection rate was 18 and 7.1, respectively (p = 0.0001); mean (95% CI) length of ICU stay in patients who presented external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis was 44.4 days (36.4-52.4 d), whereas mean

  5. A study on regional cerebral circulation in stroke patients with aphasia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kudo, Ryozo

    1985-01-01

    To study the pathophysiology of aphasia due to cerebral stroke, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the 133 Xe clearance method and the volume of low density area (LDA) was estimated on the basis of computerized tomography in 43 thrombotic (24 aphasia and 19 non-aphasia), 30 hemorrhagic (16 aphasia and 14 non-aphasia) and 6 non-stroke cases. 1) In the healthy hemisphere, rCBF showed no significant difference between aphasia and non-aphasia in both thrombotic and hemorrhagic cases. In the affected hemisphere, thrombotic cases showed significantly decreased rCBF in aphasic cases as compared to non-aphasic, however, hemorrhagic cases revealed no difference. 2) LDA volume showed no significant difference between aphasia and non-aphasia in cerebral thrombosis, however, LDA volume in non-aphasia was smaller than that in aphasia in cerebral hemorrage. 3) Significant differences in the pathophysiology of aphasia due to cerebral stroke were recognized between cerebral thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage. Such differences should be taken into consideration in the management and treatment of aphasia caused by cerebral stroke. (author)

  6. Estudo das freqüências dos principais fatores de risco para acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico em idosos Study of the main risk factors frequencies for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sueli Luciano Pires

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudados retrospectivamente 262 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi permanente, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, selecionados dos 1015 registros da Liga de Aterosclerose da Clínica Neurológica da ISCMSP, de 1990 a 2002. O estudo focalizou as freqüências dos fatores de risco modificáveis para AVCi nesta população idosa, considerando-se sexo e faixa etária dos pacientes. Os resultados evidenciaram que a hipertenção arterial sistêmica é significativamente freqüente (87,8% entre pacientes idosos com AVCi, independentemente do sexo e da faixa etária. Tabagismo (46,9% e etilismo (35,1% revelaram-se fatores de riscos modificáveis freqüentes especialmente entre os homens. As cardiopatias (27,0%, o Diabete Melito (19,9% e as dislipidemias (15,6% também se revelaram fatores de risco modificáveis freqüentes em pacientes idosos com AVCi, em ambos os sexos e em ambas as faixas etárias estudadas (60 a 70 anos e mais que 71 anos. Foi relativamente baixa a freqüência de hiperuricemia nesta amostra.Two hundred and sixty two patients with clinical diagnosis of permanent ischemic stroke, all of them aged 60 or more were retrospectively studied from the 1015 cerebrovascular diseases (CVD records of the Atherosclerosis Ligue of the Neurology Clinics of the ISCMSP, from 1990 to 2002. The study emphasized modifiable risk factors frequencies for ischemic stroke in this population, considering gender and age of the patients. Results have evidenced that systemic arterial hypertension is a main risk factor significantly frequent in old people (87.8%, independently of gender and age. Smoking (46.9% and alcohol consumption (35.1% have revealed to be very frequent important modifiable risk factors especially among men. Lower frequencies have been presented for cardiac diseases (27.0%, Diabetes Melitus (19.9%, and dislipidemia (15.6% as risk factors for ischemic stroke in old people of both

  7. Relationship between cerebral blood flow and later cognitive decline in hypertensive patients with cerebral small vessel disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kitagawa, Kazuo; Oku, Naohiko; Yagita, Yoshiki; Sakaguchi, Manabu; Sakoda, Saburo; Kimura, Yasuyuku; Hatazawa, Jun

    2009-01-01

    Vascular risk factors are thought to be important for dementia. However, there is little evidence for a prospective association between cerebral blood flow and the risk of cognitive decline. Twenty-seven cognitively intact hypertensive patients aged 55 years and older with lacunar infarction or white matter lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 3 years later with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Patients whose MMSE score fell by more than three points were classified as having cognitive decline. Six patients showed cognitive decline. Baseline CBF in these patients was significantly lower than that of the 21 patients without cognitive decline (31.2±2.4 vs. 42.6±5.9 ml per 100 gmin -1 , respectively; P<0.001). A moderate linear association was found between CBF and change in MMSE score over a 3-year period (r=0.59, P=0.001), not between CBF and baseline MMSE score. In contrast, no association between CVR and later cognitive decline was found. This study suggests that cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with later cognitive decline. (author)

  8. OCULAR FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Cerebral palsy is commonly associated with ocular abnormalities which often impact on their development and education. There is paucity of studies on this in Nigeria. We decided to study/ determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy that attended the neurology clinic of University of ...

  9. Calcification within the lesion of an old cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hanyu, Haruo; Hagiwara, Akiyoshi; Yamaguchi, Katsuhiko; Imamura, Toshiharu; Iwamoto, Toshihiko; Katsunuma, Hideyo

    1987-01-01

    We described a 68-year-old woman with marked calcification in the lesion of an old cerebral infarction. Calcified deposits in an old infarcted area of the left middle cerebral artery were demonstrated by CT 9 months after she had suffered a stroke, probably because of an embolism. There have been few reports of calcification associated with cerebral infarction. (author)

  10. Cerebral microbleeds in a neonatal rat model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brianna Carusillo Theriault

    Full Text Available In adult humans, cerebral microbleeds play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases but in neonates, the consequences of cerebral microbleeds are unknown. In rats, a single pro-angiogenic stimulus in utero predisposes to cerebral microbleeds after birth at term, a time when late oligodendrocyte progenitors (pre-oligodendrocytes dominate in the rat brain. We hypothesized that two independent pro-angiogenic stimuli in utero would be associated with a high likelihood of perinatal microbleeds that would be severely damaging to white matter.Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to intrauterine ischemia (IUI and low-dose maternal lipopolysaccharide (mLPS at embryonic day (E 19. Pups were born vaginally or abdominally at E21-22. Brains were evaluated for angiogenic markers, microhemorrhages, myelination and axonal development. Neurological function was assessed out to 6 weeks.mRNA (Vegf, Cd31, Mmp2, Mmp9, Timp1, Timp2 and protein (CD31, MMP2, MMP9 for angiogenic markers, in situ proteolytic activity, and collagen IV immunoreactivity were altered, consistent with an angiogenic response. Vaginally delivered pups exposed to prenatal IUI+mLPS had spontaneous cerebral microbleeds, abnormal neurological function, and dysmorphic, hypomyelinated white matter and axonopathy. Pups exposed to the same pro-angiogenic stimuli in utero but delivered abdominally had minimal cerebral microbleeds, preserved myelination and axonal development, and neurological function similar to naïve controls.In rats, pro-angiogenic stimuli in utero can predispose to vascular fragility and lead to cerebral microbleeds. The study of microbleeds in the neonatal rat brain at full gestation may give insights into the consequences of microbleeds in human preterm infants during critical periods of white matter development.

  11. Neurociências, neurocultura e autoajuda cerebral

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    Francisco Ortega

    Full Text Available Este artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno denominado de neuroascese, ou autoajuda cerebral no contexto do crescente impacto das neurociências e do surgimento da neurocultura e do sujeito cerebral. Para tanto, é importante compreender o âmbito sóciocultural mais amplo no qual a neuroascese se insere e que corresponde ao que vem se chamando de 'cultura somática' ou, mais especificamente, de biossociabilidade. O objetivo do artigo é explorar como uma forma de subjetividade reducionista, o sujeito cerebral, dá lugar à aparição de práticas de si cerebrais, isto é, práticas de como agir sobre o cérebro para maximizar a sua performance, que levam a formação de novas formas de sociabilidade.

  12. Allometric and Isometric variations in the Italian <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem> and <em>Apodemus flavicollisem> with respect to the conditions of allopatry and sympatry / Variazioni allometriche e isometriche in <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem> e <em>Apodemus flavicollisem> italiani, rispetto alle condizioni di allopatria e simpatria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Amori

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In Italy there are two species of <em>Apodemus> (<em>Sylvaemus>: <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem> on the mainland and the main island, and <em>Apodemus flavicollisem> only on the mainland. The trend of some morphometric characters of the skull (incisive foramen length - FI; interorbital breadth = IO; length of palatal bridge = PP; upper alveolar length = $M^1M^3$ was analized and some theoretical models verified for <em>A. sylvaticusem>. If one considers the sympatric population of <em>A. sylvaticusem> and <em>A. flavicollisem> simultaneously the characters PP, IO and $M^1M^3$ appear significantly isometric being directly correlated ($P leq O.O1$, while FI character results allometric with respect to the previous ones, as expected. If one considers the sympatric populations of each of the species separately, the scenario is different. For <em>A. sylvaticusem> only PP and $M^1M^3$ are isometric ($P leq 0.05$. For <em>A. flavicollisem> only $M^1M^3$ and FI appear to be correlated, although not as significantly as for <em>A. sylvaticusem> ($P le 0.05$; one tail. The insular populations of <em>A. sylvaticusem> do not show significant correlations, except for FI and $M^1M^3$ ($P le 0.05$. On the contrary, considering all populations, sympatric and allopatric, of <em>A. sylvaticusem> at the same time are significant correlations ($P le 0.05$ in all combinations of characters, except for those involving the IO. We suggest that the isometric relations in sympatric assemblages are confined within a morphological range available to the genus <em>Apodemus>. In such a space, the two species are split in two different and innerly homogeneous distributions. We found no evidence to confirm the niche variation hypothesis. On the contrary, the variability expressed as SO or CV's appears higher in the sympatric populations than in the allopatric ones, for three of the four characters, confirming previous results

  13. The MM-CGI Cerebral Palsy: modification and pretesting of an instrument to measure anticipatory grief in parents whose child has cerebral palsy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Gamal, Ekhlas; Long, Tony

    2014-07-01

    To establish the potential of a modified version of the MM-CGI Childhood Cancer to assess anticipatory grief in parents of children with cerebral palsy, to amend the existing scale for use with the specific patient group, to test the psychometric properties of the modified version (MM-CGI Cerebral Palsy) and to review the clinical potential of the new scale. Parents of children with cerebral palsy may experience reactions similar to parents of children with other enduring or life-limiting conditions, and anticipatory grief may be one such psychological reaction. While the burden of caring is sometimes balanced by positive perceptions of the child, which enhance coping ability, for many parents the outcome is damage to their physical and mental health and impaired family functioning. A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design. The MM-CGI Cerebral Palsy was administered in structured interviews with 204 parents. Standardised measures of caregivers' depression, stress and perceived social support were also administered. Mothers and fathers were recruited from healthcare centres and schools for special education. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency, and Pearson's product-moment correlation was used to assess construct validity. The subscales were each found to measure a single dimension of anticipatory grief, and significant correlations were established with existing instruments. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability and good construct validity. The MM-CGI Cerebral Palsy could be useful for diagnosing anticipatory grief among parents of children with cerebral palsy. This preliminary work moves the programme on to testing in intervention studies. In the absence of an existing measure for the assessment of anticipatory grief, specifically in parents of children with cerebral palsy, the MM-CGI Cerebral Palsy could prove to be an effective assessment tool for clinicians and researchers. © 2013 John Wiley

  14. An evaluation of MR diffusion imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiong Weijian; Feng Shaolan; Zhou Zhijuan; Lin Yan

    2005-01-01

    Objective: To evaluate MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction. Methods: Thirty patients with clinically-diagnosed acute (6 hyper-acute and 24 acute) cerebral infarction scanned with both conventional and DW MRI. Results: DWI had the 100% sensitivity for hyper-acute and acute cerebral infarction. Hyper-acute and acute cerebral infarctions all showed hyper intensity on DWI. All 6 hyper-acute cerebral infarctions were only revealed on DWI but silent on conventional MRI. Conclusion: DWI is a useful MR technique, which is superior to conventional MR sequences in revealing the hyper-acute, acute cerebral infarct. DWI has a higher sensitivity for acute, especially hyper-acute cerebral infarction than conventional MRI. (authors)

  15. A Novel Apoptosis Correlated Molecule: Expression and Characterization of Protein Latcripin-1 from <em>Lentinula em>edodes> C91–3

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    Min Huang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available An apoptosis correlated molecule—protein Latcripin-1 of <em>Lentinula> edodesem> C91-3—was expressed and characterized in <em>Pichia pastorisem> GS115. The total RNA was obtained from <em>Lentinula edodesem> C91–3. According to the transcriptome, the full-length gene of Latcripin-1 was isolated with 3'-Full Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE and 5'-Full RACE methods. The full-length gene was inserted into the secretory expression vector pPIC9K. The protein Latcripin-1 was expressed in <em>Pichia pastorisem> GS115 and analyzed by Sodium Dodecylsulfonate Polyacrylate Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The Western blot showed that the protein was expressed successfully. The biological function of protein Latcripin-1 on A549 cells was studied with flow cytometry and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-Diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide (MTT method. The toxic effect of protein Latcripin-1 was detected with the MTT method by co-culturing the characterized protein with chick embryo fibroblasts. The MTT assay results showed that there was a great difference between protein Latcripin-1 groups and the control group (<em>p em>< 0.05. There was no toxic effect of the characterized protein on chick embryo fibroblasts. The flow cytometry showed that there was a significant difference between the protein groups of interest and the control group according to apoptosis function (<em>p em>< 0.05. At the same time, cell ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscopy supported the results of flow cytometry. The work demonstrates that protein Latcripin-1 can induce apoptosis of human lung cancer cells A549 and brings new insights into and advantages to finding anti-tumor proteins.

  16. The serpentine mitral valve and cerebral embolism

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    Ker James

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Valvular strands, well-delineated filiform masses, attached to cardiac valve edges are associated with cerebral embolism and stroke. Strokes, caused by emboli from valvular strands, tend to occur among younger persons. In this case report a valvular strand, giving a peculiar serpentine appearance to the mitral valve is described. This mitral valvular strand was the only explanation for an episode of cerebral embolism, presenting with a transient right sided hemiparesis. It is proposed that a randomized study involving combined treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel is warranted in young patients with valvular strands, presenting with a first episode of cerebral embolism.

  17. Identification of proteins regulated by curcumin in cerebral ischemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shah, Fawad-Ali; Gim, Sang-Ah; Sung, Jin-Hee; Jeon, Seong-Jun; Kim, Myeong-Ok; Koh, Phil-Ok

    2016-03-01

    Curcumin is known to have a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia. The objective of this study was to identify various proteins that are differentially expressed by curcumin treatment in focal cerebral ischemia using a proteomic approach. Adult male rats were treated with vehicle or curcumin 1 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain tissues were collected 24 h after the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion, and cerebral cortices proteins were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We detected several proteins with altered expression levels between vehicle- and curcumin-treated animals. Among these proteins, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, isocitrate dehydrogenase, adenosylhomocysteinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4A were decreased in the vehicle-treated animal, and curcumin treatment attenuated the injury-induced decreases of these proteins. Conversely, pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase was increased in the vehicle-treated animal, and curcumin treatment prevented decreases in this protein. The identified altered proteins are associated with cellular metabolism and differentiation. The results of this study suggest that curcumin exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating the expression of various proteins in focal cerebral ischemia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Cerebral ketone body metabolism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morris, A A M

    2005-01-01

    Ketone bodies (KBs) are an important source of energy for the brain. During the neonatal period, they are also precursors for the synthesis of lipids (especially cholesterol) and amino acids. The rate of cerebral KB metabolism depends primarily on the concentration in blood; high concentrations occur during fasting and on a high-fat diet. Cerebral KB metabolism is also regulated by the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which depends on the abundance of monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCT1). The BBB's permeability to KBs increases with fasting in humans. In rats, permeability increases during the suckling period, but human neonates have not been studied. Monocarboxylic acid transporters are also present in the plasma membranes of neurons and glia but their role in regulating KB metabolism is uncertain. Finally, the rate of cerebral KB metabolism depends on the activities of the relevant enzymes in brain. The activities vary with age in rats, but reliable results are not available for humans. Cerebral KB metabolism in humans differs from that in the rat in several respects. During fasting, for example, KBs supply more of the brain's energy in humans than in the rat. Conversely, KBs are probably used more extensively in the brain of suckling rats than in human neonates. These differences complicate the interpretation of rodent studies. Most patients with inborn errors of ketogenesis develop normally, suggesting that the only essential role for KBs is as an alternative fuel during illness or prolonged fasting. On the other hand, in HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, imaging generally shows asymptomatic white-matter abnormalities. The ability of KBs to act as an alternative fuel explains the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in GLUT1 deficiency, but its effectiveness in epilepsy remains unexplained.

  19. Cerebral hematocrit decreases with hemodynamic compromise in carotid artery occlusion: a PET study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamauchi, H; Fukuyama, H; Nagahama, Y; Katsumi, Y; Okazawa, H

    1998-01-01

    This study investigated whether in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion the regional cerebral hematocrit correlates with cerebral hemodynamics or metabolic state and, if so, how the regional cerebral hematocrit changes in the hemodynamically compromised region. We used positron emission tomography to study seven patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and no cortical infarction in the chronic stage. The distributions of red blood cell and plasma volumes were assessed using oxygen-15-labeled carbon monoxide and copper-62-labeled human serum albumin-dithiosemicarbazone tracers, respectively. The calculated hematocrit value was compared with the hemodynamic and metabolic parameters measured with the oxygen-15 steady-state technique. In the cerebral cortex, the value of the cerebral hematocrit varied but was correlated with the hemodynamic and metabolic status. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the large vessel hematocrit, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and the cerebral blood flow or the oxygen extraction fraction accounted for a significant proportion of variance of the cerebral hematocrit. The oxygen extraction fraction and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen negatively correlated with the cerebral hematocrit, whereas the cerebral blood flow correlated positively: patients with reduced blood supply relative to metabolic demand (decreased blood flow with increased oxygen extraction fraction) showed low hematocrit values. In carotid artery occlusion in the chronic stage, regional cerebral hematocrit may vary according to cerebral hemodynamics and metabolic status. Regional cerebral hematocrit may decrease with hemodynamic compromise unless oxygen metabolism concomitantly decreases.

  20. Cerebral O2 metabolism and cerebral blood flow in humans during deep and rapid-eye-movement sleep

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, P L; Schmidt, J F; Wildschiødtz, Gordon

    1991-01-01

    on examination of this question. We have now measured CBF and CMRO2 in young healthy volunteers using the Kety-Schmidt technique with 133Xe as the inert gas. Measurements were performed during wakefulness, deep sleep (stage 3/4), and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep as verified by standard polysomnography...... associated with light anesthesia. During REM sleep (dream sleep) CMRO2 was practically the same as in the awake state. Changes in CBF paralleled changes in CMRO2 during both deep and REM sleep.......It could be expected that the various stages of sleep were reflected in variation of the overall level of cerebral activity and thereby in the magnitude of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The elusive nature of sleep imposes major methodological restrictions...

  1. Cerebral Dysfunctions Related to Perinatal Organic Damage: Clinical-Neuropathologic Correlations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Towbin, Abraham

    1978-01-01

    Recent neuropathology studies identify hypoxia as the main cause of perinatal cerebral damage. Cerebral lesions present at birth, with transition to chronic scar lesions, are correlated to mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and minimal brain dysfunction. Gestation age and severity of hypoxic exposure essentially determine the cerebral…

  2. MRI findings and differential diagnosis in children with cerebral paragonimiasis

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    Zhen Zeng

    2016-06-01

    Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of cerebral paragonimiasis are nonspecific in children while the MRI findings of cerebral paragonimiasis are characteristic, including irregular hemorrhage, ring-like enhancement and disproportionately large areas of surrounding edema. Brain MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis of cerebral paragonimiasis in children.

  3. Recirculation usually precedes malignant edema in middle cerebral artery infarcts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, T H; Ståhl, N; Schalén, W

    2012-01-01

    In patients with large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts, maximum brain swelling leading to cerebral herniation and death usually occurs 2-5 days after onset of stroke. The study aimed at exploring the pattern of compounds related to cerebral energy metabolism in infarcted brain tissue....

  4. [Research on brain white matter network in cerebral palsy infant].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jun; Yang, Cheng; Wang, Yuanjun; Nie, Shengdong

    2017-10-01

    Present study used diffusion tensor image and tractography to construct brain white matter networks of 15 cerebral palsy infants and 30 healthy infants that matched for age and gender. After white matter network analysis, we found that both cerebral palsy and healthy infants had a small-world topology in white matter network, but cerebral palsy infants exhibited abnormal topological organization: increased shortest path length but decreased normalize clustering coefficient, global efficiency and local efficiency. Furthermore, we also found that white matter network hub regions were located in the left cuneus, precuneus, and left posterior cingulate gyrus. However, some abnormal nodes existed in the frontal, temporal, occipital and parietal lobes of cerebral palsy infants. These results indicated that the white matter networks for cerebral palsy infants were disrupted, which was consistent with previous studies about the abnormal brain white matter areas. This work could help us further study the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy infants.

  5. Padrões de ativação cerebral em idosos sadios durante tarefa de memória verbal de reconhecimento: a single-photon emission computerized tomography study Brain activation patterns during verbal recognition memory in elderly healthy volunteers

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    Geraldo Busatto Filho

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos que utilizam as técnicas de PET, SPECT e ressonância magnética funcional têm permitido o mapeamento dos circuitos cerebrais ativados durante diversas tarefas cognitivas. O campo da memória declarativa tem sido um dos mais intensamente estudados. No presente estudo, usa-se a técnica de mapeamento do fluxo sangüíneo cerebral regional (FSCr por SPECT para investigar mudanças na atividade cerebral durante uma tarefa de memória episódica, em voluntários idosos sadios (n=15. MÉTODOS: Duas avaliações de SPECT foram realizadas na mesma sessão, usando a técnica de dose dividida do traçador 99 m-Tc-HMPAO. Medidas de FSCr foram registradas durante uma tarefa de reconhecimento de material verbal previamente aprendido e durante uma tarefa-controle mais simples. Comparações de FSCr foram realizadas automaticamente, utilizando o programa Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM. RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento de FSCr durante a tarefa de memória em várias regiões cerebrais, incluindo: córtex pré-frontal lateral bilateralmente (mais acentuadamente à esquerda; porções posteriores e mediais de córtex parieto-occipital à esquerda; hemisférios cerebelares bilateralmente; e córtex temporal lateral bilateralmente (pINTRODUCTION: PET, SPECT and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have allowed the delineation of brain circuits activated during several types of cognitive tasks. The field of declarative memory has been one of the most extensively investigated. In the present study, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF SPECT technique was used to investigate changes in brain activity during a verbal memory task in a group of elderly healthy volunteers (n=15. METHODS:Two SPECT acquisitions were performed in the same session, using the split-dose 99mTc-HMPAO technique. Measures of rCBF were taken during a recognition memory task and a simpler control task. Between-task comparisons were performed automatically

  6. Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

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    Yakhya Dieye

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Background. With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoan Plasmodium cause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due to Plasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death. Methods. We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.

  7. Diagnosis of hemodynamic compromise in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia; Measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) with sup 99m Tc-RBC SPECT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuroda, Satoshi; Sakuragi, Mitsugi; Motomiya, Mineo; Nakagawa, Tango; Mitsumori, Kenji; Tsuru, Mitsuo (Hokkaido Neurosurgical Memorial Hospital (Japan)); Takigawa, Shugo; Kamiyama, Hiroyasu; Abe, Hiroshi

    1990-03-01

    To evaluate the efficacy of tests for selecting patients with hemodynamic compromise, measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) with {sup 99m}Tc-RBC single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in thirteen patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease, and was compared with results obtained by {sup 133}Xe SPECT and acetazolamide (Diamox) test. All patients in our study suffered TIA, RIND, or minor completed stroke. Cerebral angiography demonstrated severe stenosis or occlusion in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery, although plain CT scan or MRI revealed no or, if any, only localized infarcted lesions. Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was measured with {sup 99m}Tc-RBC SPECT and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with {sup 133}Xe SPECT before and after intravenous injection of 10 - 12 mg/kg acetazolamide (Diamox). Our results suggest that the ipsilateral rCBV/rCBF (mean transit time) is a more sensitive index of the cerebral perfusion reserve than the use of only rCBV or rCBF of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Also, the ipsilateral rCBV/rCBF is significantly correlated (r= -0.72) with the Diamox reactivity of rCBF, which is considered to represent the cerebral vasodilatory capacity in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Postoperative SPECT study revealed remarkable improvement of ipsilateral rCBV/rCBF and Diamox reactivity in four patients who underwent EC/IC bypass surgery to improve the hemodynamic compromise. In conclusion, our results suggest that the measurement of rCBV/rCBF with {sup 133}Xe SPECT and {sup 99m}Tc-RBC SPECT is useful for detecting the hemodynamic compromise in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease. (author).

  8. Discussion on the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries following intra-arterial thrombolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tian Hong; Song Chuan; Fan Ruxiong; Zhou Huchuan; Zhang Yubo; Zang Qiaoli; Zhang Yunquan; Liu Lei

    2011-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the therapeutic method of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries occurred after arterial thrombolytic therapy for acute cerebral infarction. Methods: Thirty-five patients, encountered in authors' Department since Oct. 2005, with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries, which occurred after thrombolytic therapy by using arterial perfusion of urokinase for acute cerebral infarction, were enrolled in this study. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: After the thrombolytic therapy, completer or partial recanalization of the occluded cerebral arteries was obtained in 33 cases, while secondary cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 13 cases, of whom cerebral parenchyma bleeding was seen in 2 and hemorrhagic infarction in 11. Different degrees of cerebral edema were found in all 33 cases. Among them significant shift of the midline structures was detected in 18 (54.5%), which was manifested clinically as the worsening of disturbance of consciousness. Strict control of blood pressure, prompt adjustment of dehydration medication, strengthening the cerebral protection measures, cerebral decompression by fenestration, etc. were carried out. All the patients took a turn for the better and were out of danger with remarkable improvement of neurological functions except one patient who died from massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: Usually, different degrees of reperfusion injuries will develop after thrombolytic therapy for cerebral arterial infarction. Strictly controlling blood pressure, promptly adjusting dehydration medication and strengthening cerebral protection are the keys to reduce the severity of cerebral reperfusion injuries. (authors)

  9. Safety of Pregnancy After Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Results of the ISCVT (International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis)-2 PREGNANCY Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aguiar de Sousa, Diana; Canhão, Patrícia; Crassard, Isabelle; Coutinho, Jonathan; Arauz, Antonio; Conforto, Adriana; Béjot, Yannick; Giroud, Maurice; Ferro, José M

    2017-11-01

    Pregnancy is associated with increased risk of venous thrombotic events, including cerebral venous thrombosis. We aimed to study the complications and outcome of subsequent pregnancies in women with previous cerebral venous thrombosis. Follow-up study of women with acute cerebral venous thrombosis at childbearing age included in a previously described cohort (International Study of Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis). Patients were interviewed by local neurologists to assess rate of venous thrombotic events, pregnancy outcomes, and antithrombotic prophylaxis during subsequent pregnancies. A total of 119 women were included, with a median follow-up of 14 years. Eighty-two new pregnancies occurred in 47 women. In 83% (68 of 82), some form of antithrombotic prophylaxis was given during at least 1 trimester of pregnancy or puerperium. Venous thrombotic events occurred in 3 pregnancies, including 1 recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis. Two of the 3 women were on prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin at the time of the event. Outcomes of pregnancies were 51 full-term newborns, 9 preterm births, 2 stillbirths, and 20 abortions (14 spontaneous). In women with prior cerebral venous thrombosis, recurrent venous thrombotic events during subsequent pregnancies are infrequent. © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.

  10. Em Torno da Fibrilação Auricular no Idoso...Complexo e Multifacetado

    OpenAIRE

    Marques da Silva, P

    2016-01-01

    A fibrilação auricular é a arritmia mais comum dos idosos. A prevenção dos eventos tromboembólicos (e do acidente vascular cerebral, em particular) e a anticoagulação oral é uma necessidade inadiável. No entanto, a fibrilação auricular no idoso é uma circunstância, por natureza, complexa e está associada a um número elevado de comorbilidades, de síndromes gerais geriátricos, de polimedicação e de fragilidade clínica. Por isso, os cuidados geriátricos primários passam pela avaliação do estado ...

  11. Mobility Experiences of Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palisano, Robert J.; Shimmell, Lorie J.; Stewart, Debra; Lawless, John J.; Rosenbaum, Peter L.; Russell, Dianne J.

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to describe how youth with cerebral palsy experience mobility in their daily lives using a phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 youth with cerebral palsy, 17 to 20 years of age, selected using purposeful sampling with maximum variation strategies. A total of 14 interviews were completed. Transcripts…

  12. Age and sex differences in cerebral glucose consumption measured by pet using [18-F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duara, R.; Barker, W.; Chang, J.; Apicella, A.; Finn, R.; Gilson, A.

    1985-01-01

    Resting cerebral glucose metabolic rates (CMRglc) were measured in 23 subjects by PET using FDG. Subjects were divided into several groups (mean age +- S.D.) 5 young males (YM) (27 +- 6); 6 young females (YF)(33 +9); 5 elderly males (EM)(73 +- 5); 7 elderly females (EF)(69 +- 7). Additionally, from these groups 4 YM, 3YF, 5EM and 4EF were studied again within 6 weeks under identical conditions. CMRglc in the YF group again was significantly hider than YM (p 0.05). No obvious relationships of CMRglc to the phase of the menstrual cycle was found in this small group. There was a trend (p=0.06) toward a higher CMRglc in YF than EF. These results support the findings of higher CBF in YF versus YM. The differences between the results of Kuhl et al (J. Cereb. and a reduction of CMRglc with age was found in a mixed group of males and females (58and female), and where no age effect was found the males, are also resolved by these findings. The authors suggest that the apparent age effect, in females in this study, is principally a hormonal one

  13. Factores pronósticos en la hemorragia cerebral intraparenquimatosa Prognosis factors in the cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Osvaldo R Aguilera Pacheco

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 116 pacientes con hemorragia cerebral intraparenquimatosa, comprobada a través de la tomografía axial computarizada, con vistas a precisar los factores pronósticos predeterminados y su influencia sobre la mortalidad en la casuística. Entre los principales resultados sobresalió el predominio de los grupos de 41-50 y 51-60 años (57,7 % entre ambos, la hipertensión arterial como antecedente patológico personal (79,3 %, así como la ocurrencia de hemorragias en los hemisferios cerebrales (45,6 %. En la serie, 49,1 % de sus integrantes presentaban hematomas con volumen de hasta 30 mL y 7,7 % con el doble de ese contenido. Se observó una relación directa entre el volumen de sangre en el parénquima cerebral por encima de 60 mL y el pronóstico final de los afectados.A descriptive and prospective study of 116 patients with cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage, shown through the computerized axial tomography (CAT was carried out, aimed at specifying the predetermined prognosis factors and their influence on the mortality in the case material. Among the main results there were: the prevalence of the 41-50 and 51-60 year groups (57,7 % between both, hypertension as personal pathological history (79,3%, as well as the occurrence of hemorrhages in the cerebral hemispheres (45,6 %. In the series, 49,1 % of the patients presented haematomas with volume of up to 30 mL and 7,7 % with the double of that content. A direct relation was observed between the blood volume in the cerebral parenchyma above 60 mL and the final prognosis of those affected.

  14. Asymptomatic cerebral infarction examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohsawa, Tamiko; Matsubara, Etsuro; Shoji, Mikio; Okamoto, Koichi; Hirai, Shunsaku

    1994-01-01

    To find the real incidence and risk factors in asymptomatic cerebral infarction, a retrospective review was made on magnetic resonance (MR) images, which were obtained from 713 outpatients seen at the Geriatrics Research Institute Hospital between March and November of 1990. The criteria for asymptomatic cerebral infarction are: high signal intensity areas larger than 3 mm in diameter on T2-weighted image; no history of stroke; no neurological and psychological signs or symptoms with or without subjective symptoms. Symptomatic cerebral stroke was defined as stroke episodes associated with neurological signs and infarction lesions on CT or MR imaging. Of a total of 713 patients, 215 (30.2%) had symtomatic cerebral infarction and 384 (53.9%) had no cerebral lesions. The incidence of asymptomatic cerebral infarction increased with aging. Cerebral risk factors, i.e. hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus, were more significantly common in both symptomatic and asymptomatic groups than the normal control group. In the group of asymptomatic patients, T2-weighted images showed hyperintensity in the corona radiata in 60.9%, in the frontal lobe in 32.1%, in the semioval center in 28.8%, and in the basal ganglia in 23.7%. Periventricular hyperintensity was present in 124 of all 713 patients (17.4%). Common complaints in asymptomatic patients were headache (40.0%), dizziness (14.4%), and neck muscle contraction (9.8%). In conclusion, MR imaging may contribute to manage asymptomatic patients. (N.K.)

  15. Asymptomatic cerebral infarction examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ohsawa, Tamiko; Matsubara, Etsuro; Shoji, Mikio; Okamoto, Koichi; Hirai, Shunsaku [Gunma Univ., Maebashi (Japan). School of Medicine

    1994-02-01

    To find the real incidence and risk factors in asymptomatic cerebral infarction, a retrospective review was made on magnetic resonance (MR) images, which were obtained from 713 outpatients seen at the Geriatrics Research Institute Hospital between March and November of 1990. The criteria for asymptomatic cerebral infarction are: high signal intensity areas larger than 3 mm in diameter on T2-weighted image; no history of stroke; no neurological and psychological signs or symptoms with or without subjective symptoms. Symptomatic cerebral stroke was defined as stroke episodes associated with neurological signs and infarction lesions on CT or MR imaging. Of a total of 713 patients, 215 (30.2%) had symtomatic cerebral infarction and 384 (53.9%) had no cerebral lesions. The incidence of asymptomatic cerebral infarction increased with aging. Cerebral risk factors, i.e. hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus, were more significantly common in both symptomatic and asymptomatic groups than the normal control group. In the group of asymptomatic patients, T2-weighted images showed hyperintensity in the corona radiata in 60.9%, in the frontal lobe in 32.1%, in the semioval center in 28.8%, and in the basal ganglia in 23.7%. Periventricular hyperintensity was present in 124 of all 713 patients (17.4%). Common complaints in asymptomatic patients were headache (40.0%), dizziness (14.4%), and neck muscle contraction (9.8%). In conclusion, MR imaging may contribute to manage asymptomatic patients. (N.K.).

  16. Facilidades e dificuldades da família no cuidado à criança com paralisia cerebral Dificultades y facilidades de la familia en el cuidado a los niños con parálisis cerebral Family's abilities and difficulties in caring for children with cerebral palsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meryeli Santos de Araújo Dantas

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, que objetivou apreender as facilidades e as dificuldades da família no cuidado às crianças com paralisia cerebral. Os dados foram coletados com sete famílias, entre março e abril de 2009, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A análise seguiu os princípios da interpretação temática. As dificuldades são mais evidenciadas que as facilidades e trazem repercussões nas atividades de vida diária. Lidar com convulsões de difícil controle, espasticidade, alterações de tônus postural, presença de reflexos primitivos implicam na complexidade em tarefas simples, como alimentação, banho, locomoção, pois as crianças ficam, cada dia, mais dependentes dos cuidadores. Com o tempo, as dificuldades cedem lugar à rotina e à adaptação à vida diária da criança. Estreitar relações com a família, melhorando o vínculo e desenvolvendo ações de qualidade e integrais, promovem o bem-estar da família/criança com paralisia cerebral.Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria-descriptiva que objetivó comprender las facilidades dificultades de la familia en el cuidado a los niños con parálisis cerebral. Los datos fueron recolectados con siete familias, entre marzo y abril del 2009, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis siguió los principios de interpretación temática. Las dificultades son más evidenciadas que las facilidades y traen repercusiones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Lidiar con convulsiones de difícil control, espasticidad, alteraciones de tono postural, presencia de reflejos primitivos implica en la complejidad en tareas simples como alimentación, baño, locomoción, pues los niños se vuelven cada día más dependientes de los cuidadores. Con el tiempo las dificultades ceden lugar a la rutina y adaptación a la vida diaria de los niños. Estrechar relaciones con la familia, mejorando el vínculo y desarrollando acciones de calidad e integrales

  17. Desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral participantes de tratamento multidisciplinar Functional performance of children with cerebral palsy undergoing multidisciplinary treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex Carrer Borges Dias

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available A paralisia cerebral (PC é um conjunto de desordens posturais e do movimento que causam limitações funcionais; é atribuída a distúrbios não-progressivos, porém mutáveis, decorrentes de lesão do cérebro imaturo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar as dimensões funcionais comprometidas e observar a evolução da função motora grossa de crianças com PC submetidas a tratamento multidisciplinar em um intervalo de quatro meses. A amostra foi composta por 27 crianças com PC (média de idade 7,6 anos que freqüentavam a Associação Pestalozzi de Goiânia, GO. O nível de comprometimento das crianças foi atribuído segundo o sistema de classificação da função motora grossa GMFCS (Gross motor function classification system; a medida de função motora grossa GMFM (Gross motor function measure foi aplicada no início do estudo e após quatro meses. Os resultados mostram que 55,6% das crianças estavam nos níveis IV e V do GMFCS; foi verificada evolução da função motora grossa em todas as dimensões avaliadas pela GMFM, exceto na postura sentada - sugerindo que as transferências de postura e a locomoção devem ser focalizadas no tratamento multidisciplinar dessas crianças com CP.Cerebral palsy (CP is described as a set of postural and movement disorders that cause functional limitations; it is assigned to non-progressive, changeable disorders due to immature brain injury. The purpose of the study was to assess functional dimensions affected and the evolution over a four-month period of gross motor function of children with CP undergoing multidisciplinary treatment. The sample was made up by 27 children (mean age 7.6 years who attended the Pestalozzi Association of Goiania, GO. Severity level was assessed by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS; the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM was applied at study onset and four months later. Results show that 55.6% of children were in GMFCS levels IV and V; children

  18. Relationship between Cnm-positive Streptococcus mutans and cerebral microbleeds in humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miyatani, F; Kuriyama, N; Watanabe, I; Nomura, R; Nakano, K; Matsui, D; Ozaki, E; Koyama, T; Nishigaki, M; Yamamoto, T; Mizuno, T; Tamura, A; Akazawa, K; Takada, A; Takeda, K; Yamada, K; Nakagawa, M; Ihara, M; Kanamura, N; Friedland, R P; Watanabe, Y

    2015-10-01

    Cerebral hemorrhage has been shown to occur in animals experimentally infected with Streptococcus mutans carrying the collagen-binding Cnm gene. However, the relationship between cerebral microbleeds and oral hygiene, with a focus on Cnm gene-positive S. mutans infection, remains unclear. One hundred and thirty-nine subjects participated. The presence or absence of Cnm-positive S. mutans and its collagen-binding activity were investigated using saliva samples, and relationship with cerebral microbleeds detected on MRI investigated, including clinical information and oral parameters. Fifty-one subjects were identified as Cnm-positive S. mutans carriers (36.7%), with cerebral microbleeds being detected in 43 (30.9%). A significantly larger number of subjects carried Cnm-positive S. mutans in the cerebral microbleeds (+) group. S. mutans with Cnm collagen-binding ability was detected in 39 (28.1%) of all subjects, and the adjusted odds ratio for cerebral microbleeds in the Cnm-positive group was 14.4. Regarding the presence of cerebral microbleeds, no significant differences were noted in the number of remaining teeth, dental caries, or in classic arteriosclerosis risk factors. The occurrence of cerebral microbleeds was higher in subjects carrying Cnm-positive S. mutans, indicating that the presence of Cnm-positive S. mutans increases cerebral microbleeds, and is an independent risk for the development of cerebrovascular disorders. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. Probability of walking in children with cerebral palsy in Europe

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Beckung, E.; Hagberg, G.; Uldall, P.

    2008-01-01

    cerebral palsy, as well as to IQ level, active epilepsy, and severe visual and hearing impairment. Severe cerebral palsy, defined as both the inability to walk and an IQ of ...OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to describe walking ability in children with cerebral palsy from the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe common database through 21 years and to examine the association between walking ability and predicting factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anonymous data...... on 10042 children with cerebral palsy born between 1976 and 1996 were gathered from 14 European centers; 9012 patients were eligible for the analyses. RESULTS: Unaided walking as the primary way of walking at 5 years of age was reported for 54%, walking with assistive devices was reported for 16...

  20. Database of normal human cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen measured by positron emission tomography with {sup 15}O-labelled carbon dioxide or water, carbon monoxide and oxygen: a multicentre study in Japan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ito, Hiroshi [Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita (Japan); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Division of Brain Sciences, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-Machi, 980-8575, Aoba-Ku, Sendai (Japan); Kanno, Iwao [Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita (Japan); Kato, Chietsugu [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo (Japan); Sasaki, Toshiaki [Cyclotoron Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Morioka (Japan); Ishii, Kenji [Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo (Japan); Ouchi, Yasuomi [Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamakita (Japan); Iida, Akihiko [Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya (Japan); Okazawa, Hidehiko [PET Unit, Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, Moriyama (Japan); Hayashida, Kohei [Department of Radiology, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka (Japan); Tsuyuguchi, Naohiro [Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka (Japan); Ishii, Kazunari [Division of Imaging Research, Hyogo Institute for Aging Brain and Cognitive Disorders, Himeji, Hyogo (Japan); Kuwabara, Yasuo [Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan); Senda, Michio [Department of Image-based Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe (Japan)

    2004-05-01

    Measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO{sub 2}) by positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen-15 labelled carbon dioxide (C{sup 15}O{sub 2}) or {sup 15}O-labelled water (H{sub 2}{sup 15}O), {sup 15}O-labelled carbon monoxide (C{sup 15}O) and {sup 15}O-labelled oxygen ({sup 15}O{sub 2}) is useful for diagnosis and treatment planning in cases of cerebrovascular disease. The measured values theoretically depend on various factors, which may differ between PET centres. This study explored the applicability of a database of {sup 15}O-PET by examining between-centre and within-centre variation in values. Eleven PET centres participated in this multicentre study; seven used the steady-state inhalation method, one used build-up inhalation and three used bolus administration of C{sup 15}O{sub 2} (or H{sub 2}{sup 15}O) and {sup 15}O{sub 2}. All used C{sup 15}O for measurement of CBV. Subjects comprised 70 healthy volunteers (43 men and 27 women; mean age 51.8{+-}15.1 years). Overall mean{+-}SD values for cerebral cortical regions were: CBF=44.4{+-}6.5 ml 100 ml{sup -1} min{sup -1}; CBV=3.8{+-}0.7 ml 100 ml{sup -1}; OEF=0.44{+-}0.06; CMRO{sub 2}=3.3{+-}0.5 ml 100 ml{sup -1} min{sup -1}. Significant between-centre variation was observed in CBV, OEF and CMRO{sub 2} by one-way analysis of variance. However, the overall inter-individual variation in CBF, CBV, OEF and CMRO{sub 2} was acceptably small. Building a database of normal cerebral haemodynamics obtained by the{sup 15}O-PET methods may be practicable. (orig.)

  1. Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uchino, Jun; Ohta, Yasuyuki; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Mori, Hiroyuki; Hirota, Noriyoshi; Yonekura, Masahiro.

    1987-01-01

    The present study on schizophrenics dealt with the relationship of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to age, disease duration, and treatment length with chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ). Regional cerebral blood flow in 28 cerebral regions of interest was measured by iv injection of X-133 in 54 schizophrenic patients and 39 healthy volunteers. Neither age nor dosage of CPZ significantly influenced rCBF. All patients, including 11 treated for a short period of time (6 months or less), were characterized by having a decreased rCBF over the whole cerebrum. Thirty-four patients treated for a long period of time (2 years or more) had a varied rCBF distribution in the left hemisphere, with the most predominant feature being the decrease in rCBF in the frontal lobe (i.e., ''hypofrontality''); however, there was no linear correlation between rCBF and disease duration. A decreased rCBE in the right occipital region was seen in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, suggesting that manifestations of symptoms may depend on disturbed regions. These results suggest that cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenic patients may not be restricted to the frontal lobe, but cover the whole cerebrum, and that nonuniform dysfunction in various regions of the cerebrum, including the frontal lobe, may be involved in manifestations of symptoms. (Namekawa, K.)

  2. Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uchino, J.; Ohta, Y.; Nakane, Y.; Mori, H.; Hirota, N.; Yonekura, M.

    1987-01-01

    The present study on schizophrenics dealt with the relationship of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to age, disease duration, and treatment length with chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ). Regional cerebral blood flow in 28 cerebral regions of interest was measured by iv injection of /sup 133/X in 54 schizophrenic patients and 39 healthy volunteers. Neither age nor dosage of CPZ significantly influenced rCBF. All patients, including 11 treated for a short period of time (6 months or less), were characterized by having a decreased rCBF over the whole cerebrum. Thirty-four patients treated for a long period of time (2 years or more) had a varied rCBF distribution in the left hemisphere, with the most predominant feature being the decrease in rCBF in the frontal lobe (i.e., hypofrontality); however, there was no linear correlation between rCBF and disease duration. A decreased rCBE in the right occipital region was seen in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, suggesting that manifestations of symptoms may depend on disturbed regions. These results suggest that cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenic patients may not be restricted to the frontal lobe, but cover the whole cerebrum, and that nonuniform dysfunction in various regions of the cerebrum, including the frontal lobe, may be involved in manifestations of symptoms.

  3. Gastrostomy tube feeding of children with cerebral palsy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dahlseng, Magnus O; Andersen, Guro L; DA Graca Andrada, Maria

    2012-01-01

    To compare the prevalence of gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF) of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in six European countries.......To compare the prevalence of gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF) of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in six European countries....

  4. Comparison between digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography in investigation of nonlacunar ischemic stroke in young patients: preliminary results Comparação entre arteriografia digital e angioressonância na investigação de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico não-lacunar em pacientes jovens: resultados preliminares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Bastos Conforto

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: We preliminarily investigated the relevance of performing digital subtraction angiography (DSA in addition to magnetic resonance angiography (MRA in definition of ischemic stroke etiology in young patients. METHOD: DSAs and MRAs from 17 young patients with nonlacunar ischemic stroke were blindly analyzed and their impact on stroke management was evaluated. RESULTS: Etiologies were the same considering results of either DSA or MRA in 12/17 cases. In 15/17 patients no changes would have been made in treatment, regardless of the modality of angiography considered. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that DSA may be redundant in two thirds of ischemic strokes in young patients. Further larger prospective studies are necessary to determine indications of DSA in this age group.PROPÓSITO DO ESTUDO: Investigar de forma preliminar a relevância da realização de angiografia digital (AD adicionalmente a angioressonância (AR na definição de etiologias de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI em pacientes jovens. MÉTODO: ADs e ARs de 17 pacientes jovens com AVCIs não-lacunares foram analisadas. Avaliamos o impacto destes exames no manejo clínico dos casos. RESULTADOS: Em 12/17 casos, as etiologias dos AVCIs de acordo com os resultados de AD ou de AR foram idênticas. Em 15/17 pacientes, nenhuma mudança de conduta terapêutica seria realizada, independentemente da modalidade de exame considerada. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados preliminares sugerem que os resultados da AD podem ser redundantes em relação à AR em até dois terços dos pacientes jovens com AVCI. Estudos prospectivos maiores são necessários para otimizar o estabelecimento de indicações de AD nesta faixa etária.

  5. Momentos em freios e em embraiagens

    OpenAIRE

    Mimoso, Rui Miguel Pereira

    2011-01-01

    Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica Nesta dissertação reúnem-se os modelos de cálculo utilizados na determinação dos momentos em freios e em embraiagens. Neste trabalho consideram-se os casos de freios e embraiagens de atrito seco e atrito viscoso. Nos freios de atrito viscoso são considerados casos em que as características dos fluidos não são induzidas, e outros em que são induzidas modificações a essas mesmas características. São a...

  6. Autonomic dysfunction and impaired cerebral autoregulation in cirrhosis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Frøkjaer, Vibe G; Strauss, Gitte I; Mehlsen, Jesper

    2006-01-01

    Cerebral blood flow autoregulation is lost in patients with severe liver cirrhosis. The cause of this is unknown. We determined whether autonomic dysfunction was related to impaired cerebral autoregulation in patients with cirrhosis. Fourteen patients with liver cirrhosis and 11 healthy volunteers...... were recruited. Autonomic function was assessed in response to deep breathing, head-up tilt and during 24-h Holter monitoring. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed by determining the change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity (MCAVm, transcranial Doppler) during an increase in blood pressure induced...... by norepinephrine infusion (NE). The severity of liver disease was assessed using the Child-Pugh scale (class A, mild; class B, moderate; class C, severe liver dysfunction).NE increased blood pressure similarly in the controls (27 (24-32) mmHg) and patients with the most severe liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh C, 31 (26...

  7. Vascular risk factors, atherosclerosis, cerebral white matter lesions and cerebral perfusion in a population-based study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Claus, J.J.; Breteler, M.M.B.; Hasan, D.; Krenning, E.P.; Bots, M.L.; Grobbee, D.E.; Swieten, J.C. van; Harskamp, F. van; Hofman, A.

    1996-01-01

    We studied risk factors for cerebral vascular disease (blood pressure and hypertension, factor VIIc, factor VIIIc, fibrinogen), indicators of atherosclerosis (intima-media thickness and plaques in the carotid artery) and cerebral white matter lesions in relation to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 60 persons (aged 65-85 years) recruited from a population-based study. rCBF was assessed with single-photon emission tomography using technetium-99m d,l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO). Statistical analysis was performed with multiple linear regression with adjustment for age, sex and ventricle-to-brain ratio. A significant positive association was found between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and temporo-parietal rCBF. In analysis with quartiles of the distribution, we found a threshold effect for the relation of low diastolic blood pressure (≤60 mmHg) and low temporo-parietal rCBF. Levels of plasma fibrinogen were inversely related to parietal rCBF, with a threshold effect of high fibrinogen levels (>3.2 g/l) and low rCBF. Increased atherosclerosis was related to low rCBF in all cortical regions, but these associations were not significant. No consistent relation was observed between severity of cerebral white matter lesions and rCBF. Our results may have implications for blood pressure control in the elderly population. (orig.)

  8. Cerebral cavernous angioma. 16 cases. Aspects in CT and MR

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pina, J.I.; Medrano, J.; Lasierra, R.; Benito, J.L. de; Feijoo, R.; Fernandez, J.A.; Villavieja, J.L.

    1995-01-01

    The cerebral cavernous angioma (CA) is included in the group of cerebral malformations that can not be detected angiographically. We present the retrospective study of 16 patients, diagnosed as having CA, comparing the data provided by CT and MR, as well as the contribution of cerebral angiography. (Author) 25 refs

  9. Cerebral gas embolism due to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    ter Laan, Mark; Totte, Erik; van Hulst, Rob A; van der Linde, Klaas; van der Kamp, Wim; Pierie, Jean-Pierre E

    2009-07-01

    Cerebral gas embolism as a result of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a rare complication and bares a high morbidity. A patient is presented who underwent an upper endoscopy for evaluation of a gastric-mediastinal fistula after subtotal oesophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction because of oesophageal cancer. During the procedure, cerebral gas emboli developed resulting in an acute left-sided hemiparesis. After hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the patient recovered almost completely. The aetiology and treatment is discussed based on the reviewed literature. Once cerebral gas emboli are recognized, patient outcome can be improved by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

  10. Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kim, Yu-Sok; Nur, Erfan; van Beers, Eduard J.; Truijen, Jasper; Davis, Shyrin C. A. T.; Biemond, Bart J.; van Lieshout, Johannes J.

    2009-01-01

    Background and Purpose-Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with cerebral hyperperfusion and an increased risk of stroke. Also, both recurrent microvascular obstruction and chronic hemolysis affect endothelial function, potentially interfering with systemic and cerebral blood flow control. We

  11. Cerebral vascular control and metabolism in heat stress

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bain, Anthony R; Nybo, Lars; Ainslie, Philip N

    2015-01-01

    implications and pathologies known to confound cerebral functioning during hyperthermia. A reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), derived primarily from a respiratory-induced alkalosis, underscores the cerebrovascular changes to hyperthermia. Arterial pressures may also become compromised because of reduced...

  12. Multimodal quantitation of the effects of endovascular therapy for vasospasm on cerebral blood flow, transcranial doppler ultrasonographic velocities, and cerebral artery diameters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oskouian, Rod J; Martin, Neil A; Lee, Jae Hong; Glenn, Thomas C; Guthrie, Donald; Gonzalez, Nestor R; Afari, Arash; Viñuela, Fernando

    2002-07-01

    The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of endovascular therapy on vasospastic cerebral vessels. We reviewed the medical records for 387 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms who were treated at a single institution (University of California, Los Angeles) between May 1, 1993, and March 31, 2001. Patients who developed cerebral vasospasm and underwent cerebral arteriographic, transcranial Doppler ultrasonographic, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies before and after endovascular therapy for cerebral arterial spasm (vasospasm) were included in this study. Forty-five patients fulfilled the aforementioned criteria and were treated with either papaverine infusion, papaverine infusion with angioplasty, or angioplasty alone. After balloon angioplasty (12 patients), CBF increased from 27.8 +/- 2.8 ml/100 g/min to 28.4 +/- 3.0 ml/100 g/min (P = 0.87); the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity was 1 57.6 +/- 9.4 cm/s and decreased to 76.3 +/- 9.3 cm/s (P < 0.05), with a mean increase in cerebral artery diameters of 24.4%. Papaverine infusion (20 patients) transiently increased the CBF from 27.5 +/- 2.1 ml/100 g/min to 38.7 +/- 2.8 ml/100 g/min (P < 0.05) and decreased the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity from 109.9 +/- 9.1 cm/s to 82.8 +/- 8.6 cm/s (P < 0.05). There was a mean increase in vessel diameters of 30.1% after papaverine infusion. Combined treatment (13 patients) significantly increased the CBF from 33.3 +/- 3.2 ml/100 g/min to 41.7 +/- 2.8 ml/100 g/min (P< 0.05) and decreased the transcranial Doppler velocities from 148.9 +/- 12.7 cm/s to 111.4 +/- 10.6 cm/s (P < 0.05), with a mean increase in vessel diameters of 42.2%. Balloon angioplasty increased proximal vessel diameters, whereas papaverine treatment effectively dilated distal cerebral vessels. In our small series, we observed no correlation between early clinical improvement or clinical outcomes and any of our quantitative or physiological data (CBF, transcranial Doppler

  13. Toxicological aspects and occurrence of patulin in apple juice/ Aspectos toxicológicos e ocorrência de patulina em suco de maçã

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Machinski Junior

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced by different species of fungi, being Penicillium expansum the most important species. Patulin is a mycotoxin that has been found mainly in mature apples used in the production of concentrated apple juice, but it can also be in other fruits, vegetables and nutritious products. Experiments carried out with laboratory animals have demonstrated that this mycotoxin produces several harmful effects, including mutagenicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, immunosuppression and acute intoxications characterized by pulmonary oedema, hemorrhages, damages in the capillaries of liver, spleen and kidneys, as well as cerebral oedema. This revision article approaches physicochemical properties and toxicological aspects of the patulin, as well as its occurrence and strategies to prevent its presence in apple juices.A patulina é um metabólito secundário produzido por diferentes gêneros e espécies de fungos. Penicillium expansum é certamente a espécie mais importante. É uma micotoxina encontrada principalmente em maçãs maduras utilizadas na produção de suco de maçã concentrado, mas também pode estar presente em outras frutas, vegetais e produtos alimentícios. Experimentos em animais de laboratório demonstraram que esta micotoxina produz diversos efeitos nocivos, incluindo mutagenicidade, teratogenicidade, carcinogenicidade, imunossupressão e intoxicações agudas caracterizadas por edema pulmonar, hemorragias, danos nos capilares hepáticos, do baço e rins, bem como edema cerebral. O presente artigo de revisão aborda aspectos físico-químicos e toxicológicos da patulina, bem como a sua ocorrência e estratégias para prevenir a sua presença em sucos de maçã.

  14. Tecnologia assistiva para a criança com paralisia cerebral na escola: identificação das necessidades Assistive technology for children with cerebral palsy in school: identification of needs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aila Narene Dahwache Criado Rocha

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Os estudos sobre Tecnologia Assistiva enfatizaram a necessidade de inserir recursos, serviços e estratégias na educação especial e inclusiva para colaborar com o processo de aprendizagem de alunos com deficiências. A literatura descreveu que a primeira etapa para a implementação da tecnologia assistiva na escola deve permitir entender a situação que envolve o aluno a fim de ampliar a sua participação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as necessidades de serviços, recursos e estratégias de tecnologia assistiva para o aluno com paralisia cerebral na escola. Foram selecionadas duas crianças com paralisia cerebral e seus professores. A etapa da coleta de dados contou com três procedimentos sucessivos: entrevista com os professores, preenchimento do protocolo de identificação da rotina escolar e observação dos participantes em sala de aula realizada através de filmagens e diário de campo. A partir dos três procedimentos, foi proposta a triangulação de dados, ou seja, agrupamento das informações obtidas em um único documento para o estabelecimento das categorias de análises. Após elaboração do material, as categorias foram apreciadas por juízes da área. Os resultados demonstraram que após entender a situação do aluno com deficiência no contexto escolar foi possível estabelecer as suas habilidades e necessidades para indicar os recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva adequados ao planejamento do professor e propiciar a aprendizagem da criança com deficiência. O estudo identificou a necessidade de estabelecer procedimentos específicos, um planejamento pedagógico organizado e a participação de profissionais da saúde para o uso da tecnologia assistiva na escola.Studies about Assistive Technology have emphasized the need to integrate resources, services and strategies for inclusion and special education to foster the learning process and skill development of students with

  15. Ligustrazine monomer against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hai-jun Gao

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Ligustrazine (2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine is a major active ingredient of the Szechwan lovage rhizome and is extensively used in treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The mechanism of action of ligustrazine use against ischemic cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear at present. This study summarizes its protective effect, the optimum time window of administration, and the most effective mode of administration for clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We examine the effects of ligustrazine on suppressing excitatory amino acid release, promoting migration, differentiation and proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells. We also looked at its effects on angiogenesis and how it inhibits thrombosis, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. We consider that ligustrazine gives noticeable protection from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The time window of ligustrazine administration is limited. The protective effect and time window of a series of derivative monomers of ligustrazine such as 2-[(1,1-dimethylethyloxidoimino]methyl]-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, CXC137 and CXC195 after cerebral ischemia were better than ligustrazine.

  16. Raça e lesão de órgãos-alvo da hipertensão arterial em pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório universitário de referência na cidade de Salvador Race and hypertensive target-organ damage in patients from an university-affiliated outpatient care referral clinic in the city of Salvador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Carlos Beisl Noblat

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a raça do paciente estaria associada à presença de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, acidente vascular cerebral e insuficiência renal crônica em hipertensos atendidos em ambulatório de referência em Salvador-BA. MÉTODOS: Analisados dados de 622 pacientes com o primeiro atendimento em ambulatório de hipertensão, entre 1982 e 1986, e identificados os com história prévia ou seqüela de acidente vascular cerebral, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda ou insuficiência renal (creatinina sérica > 1,4 mg/dL. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para estimar odds ratio (OR da associação entre raça (mulatos ou negros vs brancos e lesão de órgãos-alvo de hipertensão, ajustadas para sexo e idade. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 53,8±14,3 anos, 74,1% mulheres. Quanto à raça, 15,1% eram brancos, 65,9% mulatos e 19,0% negros. Acidente vascular cerebral foi significantemente mais freqüente em negros ou mulatos do que em brancos (odds ratio ajustada (ORa=3,44; intervalo de confiança (IC 95%=1,23-9,67. Quanto às associações envolvendo raça com os eventos hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e insuficiência renal as ORa não foram estatisticamente significantes, mas foram consistentes com maior prevalência de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e insuficiência renal em negros e mulatos. CONCLUSÃO: Negros e mulatos hipertensos têm maior risco de lesão de órgão alvo do que brancos, com diferença racial maior para acidente vascular cerebral não fatal. Deve ser avaliada se diferenças raciais em mortalidade relacionada a complicações da hipertensão influenciam as associações observadas entre raça e lesão de órgãos-alvo.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a patient's race is associated with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, and renal failure in hypertensive patients from an outpatient care referral clinic in the city of Salvador in the state of Bahia. METHODS: We

  17. Tratamento da luxação paralítica do quadril na paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica com osteotomia do fêmur e do ilíaco sem abertura da cápsula articular (capsuloplastia Hip dislocation treatment in cerebral palsy patients with spastic quadriplegia with femoral and pelvic osteotomies, without opening of the joint capsule (capsuloplasty

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Farcetta Junior

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Mostrar o planejamento pré-operatório, e os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da luxação paralítica do quadril em pacientes com paralisia cerebral. A técnica utilizada foi a osteotomia derrotatória e varizante do fêmur proximal, associada à osteotomia do ilíaco tipo Dega, sem abertura da cápsula articular. MÉTODOS: Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo de 10 quadris em oito pacientes com paralisia cerebral tipo tetraparesia espástico, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre 2003 e 2005 com a mesma técnica cirúrgica. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos pré e pós-operatórios, bem como o planejamento pré-operatório com uso do intensificador de imagem. Os parâmetros clínicos analisados foram: dor, dificuldade de higiene e dificuldade de posicionamento. Os parâmetros radiológicos foram os índices de Reimers, índice acetabular e ângulo cervicodiafisário. Estes resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos bons resultados com esta técnica. Com um seguimento médio de três anos, todos os quadris estavam reduzidos na última consulta, com alto grau de satisfação dos familiares, em relação ao tratamento. Além disso, mostramos que o planejamento pré-operatório com uso do intensificador de imagem nos permite a redução e estabilização desses quadris sem a necessidade de capsuloplastia. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores concluíram que no tratamento da luxação do quadril dos pacientes com paralisia cerebral tetraparéticos espásticos com o planejamento pré-operatório, não é necessária a capsuloplastia para estabilização da articulação coxofemoral.OBJECTIVES: To show the preoperative planning and the results of surgical treatment for paralytic hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy. The techniques used were proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy and Dega osteotomy without opening of the joint capsule. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of

  18. Parasitic zoonoses: survey in foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> in the northern Apennines / Zoonosi parassitarie: indagini in volpi (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> dell'Appennino settentrionale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vittorio Guberti

    1991-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract A parasitological survey on 153 foxes was carried out in the northern Apennines, during the period 1984-1987. The following parasites were identified: <em>Toxocara canisem> (46.4%, <em>Taenia> sp. (17%, <em>Uncinaria stenocephalaem> (11.8%, <em>Mesocestoides lineatusem> (11.1%, <em>Ancylostoma caninumem> (3.9%, <em>Taenia hydatigenaem> (3.3%, <em>Trichuris vulpisem> (3.3%, <em>Dipylidium caninumem> (2.6%, <em>Taenia crassicepsem> (2%. All foxes were negative for <em>Trichinella> sp. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate differences in the parasitic fauna according to the sex and age classes of the hosts. The role that the fox could have as a reservoir of helminthic zoonoses is discussed. The results are compared with those of similar studies carried out in Italy. Riassunto Nel periodo 1984-1987 è stata condotta un'indagine parassitologica su 153 volpi abbattute nell'Appennino romagnolo. Sono stati reperiti i seguenti parassiti: <em>Toxocara canisem> (46,4%, <em>Taenia> sp. (17%, <em>Uncinaria stenocephalaem> (11,8%, <em>Mesocestoides lineatusem> (11,1%, <em>Ancylostoma caninumem> (3,9%, <em>Taenia hydatigenaem> (3,3%, <em>Trichuris vulpisem> (3,3%, <em>Dipylidium caninumem> (2,6%, <em>Taenia crassicepsem> (2%. Tutte le volpi esaminate sono risultate negative per <em>Trichinella> sp. È stata effettuata l'analisi statistica dei dati per evidenziare eventuali differenze della fauna parassitaria in relazione al sesso e all'età delle volpi. Sulla base dei dati ottenuti viene discussa l'importanza che la Volpe può assumere come serbatoio di zoonosi elmintiche. I risultati acquisiti sono inoltre comparati con quelli ottenuti in analoghe ricerche condotte in Italia.

  19. Hipotermia terapêutica como ponte até transplante em pacientes com falência hepática fulminante

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    Luis Castillo

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Os tópicos mais importantes na falência hepática fulminante são o edema cerebral e a hipertensão intracraniana. Dentre todas as opções terapêuticas, tem sido relatado que a hipotermia sistêmica induzida em níveis entre 33 - 34ºC reduz a elevação da pressão e aumenta o tempo durante o qual os pacientes podem tolerar um enxerto. Esta revisão discutiu as indicações e os efeitos adversos da hipotermia.

  20. Cerebral blood flow variations in CNS lupus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kushner, M.J.; Tobin, M.; Fazekas, F.; Chawluk, J.; Jamieson, D.; Freundlich, B.; Grenell, S.; Freemen, L.; Reivich, M.

    1990-01-01

    We studied the patterns of cerebral blood flow (CBF), over time, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and varying neurologic manifestations including headache, stroke, psychosis, and encephalopathy. For 20 paired xenon-133 CBF measurements, CBF was normal during CNS remissions, regardless of the symptoms. CBF was significantly depressed during CNS exacerbations. The magnitude of change in CBF varied with the neurologic syndrome. CBF was least affected in patients with nonspecific symptoms such as headache or malaise, whereas patients with encephalopathy or psychosis exhibited the greatest reductions in CBF. In 1 patient with affective psychosis, without clinical or CT evidence of cerebral ischemia, serial SPECT studies showed resolution of multifocal cerebral perfusion defects which paralleled clinical recovery

  1. Cerebral monitoring during carotid endarterectomy – a comparison ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    All patients had general anaesthesia and were operated on by the same vascular surgeon (JvM). All patients were evaluated preoperatively by an experienced sonographer. Cerebral monitoring during carotid endarterectomy – a comparison between electroencephalography, transcranial cerebral oximetry and carotid ...

  2. Risk Factors For Epilepsy In Children With Cerebral Palsy | Lagunju ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Epilepsy is said to occur in 15-90% of children with cerebral palsy and this poses additional economic and psychological stress on affected children and their families. Objectives To describe the risk factors for epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. Methods One hundred and seventy six children with cerebral palsy seen at ...

  3. Severe cerebral desaturation during shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dippmann, Christian; Winge, Søren; Nielsen, Henning Bay

    2010-01-01

    During shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position, cerebral ischemia may be a serious complication because prolonged hypotension may affect regional cerebral oxygen supply. We present the cases of 2 patients in whom a reduction in mean arterial pressure after anesthesia provoked a decrease...... cerebral oxygenation. During surgery in the beach-chair position, hypotension must be avoided, and in all patients regional, cerebral oxygenation should be monitored and optimized....

  4. Anatomic variations of the cerebral arteries and their embryology: a pictorial review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okahara, Mika; Kiyosue, Hiro; Mori, Hiromu; Tanoue, Shuichi; Sainou, Michihumi; Nagatomi, Hirohumi

    2002-01-01

    In the embryonic period, several developmental anomalies of the cerebral arteries occur. The knowledge of these anatomic variations of the cerebral artery is important to avoid the unnecessary surgery and to undergo surgery or interventional radiology with safety. We reviewed 3000 MR angiographies and 700 cerebral angiographies of the previous 5 years to assess cerebral arterial system, and to illustrate the embryological development, imaging findings, occurrence, and clinical significance of the anatomic variation of the cerebral arteries. The normal development and variations of the cerebral arteries are depicted. Knowledge of the anatomic variations is important since it can influence surgical and interventional procedure. (orig.)

  5. Relationship between relative cerebral blood flow, relative cerebral blood volume, and relative cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in the preterm neonatal brain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nourhashemi, Mina; Kongolo, Guy; Mahmoudzadeh, Mahdi; Goudjil, Sabrina; Wallois, Fabrice

    2017-04-01

    The mechanisms responsible for coupling between relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ([Formula: see text]), an important function of the microcirculation in preterm infants, remain unclear. Identification of a causal relationship between rCBF-rCBV and [Formula: see text] in preterms may, therefore, help to elucidate the principles of cortical hemodynamics during development. We simultaneously recorded rCBF and rCBV and estimated [Formula: see text] by two independent acquisition systems: diffuse correlation spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively, in 10 preterms aged between 28 and 35 weeks of gestational age. Transfer entropy was calculated in order to determine the directionality between rCBF-rCBV and [Formula: see text]. The surrogate method was applied to determine statistical significance. The results show that rCBV and [Formula: see text] have a predominant driving influence on rCBF at the resting state in the preterm neonatal brain. Statistical analysis robustly detected the correct directionality of rCBV on rCBF and [Formula: see text] on rCBF. This study helps to clarify the early organization of the rCBV-rCBF and [Formula: see text] inter-relationship in the immature cortex.

  6. Computerized tomography of cerebral infarction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yamashita, K; Mihara, T; Kobayashi, E; Yamamoto, K; Kusumoto, K [Kagoshima Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Medicine

    1978-12-01

    In 120 cases of patients with cerebral infarction, the affected areas in the CT images were analyzed with special reference to the site, the size, and the extension. Moreover, on 39 scans of 34 cases examined with 8 weeks after the onset of strokes, the CT images were analyzed from the viewpoint of the presence of a mass effect, edema, contrast enhancement, and the accompanying hemorrhage. From these investigations, the authors have obtained the following results; 1) The greatest incidence of infarcts was in the area supplied by the middle cerebral artery (57% of the cases), and, among those, the area of the lenticulostriate arteries showed the highest incidence (53%). Even in the posterior fossa, infarcts were found in 6% of the cases. These findings are coincident with those in autopsied cases. 2) Putaminal infarcts and infarctions occurring in the area supplied by the calcarine artery seemed to be uniformity of the arcuate pattern. 3) Most of the infarcts in the perfusion area of the anterior cerebral artery and the basal ganglia were found to be small and multifocal; they were thought to correspond with water-shed and/or lacunar infarcts. 4) In approximately 25% of the cases examined within 8 weeks after the onset of strokes, the CT images revealed mass effects which had never been observed after more than 3 weeks. In conclusion, the presence of a mass effect, accompanying hemorrhage, and contrast enhancement detected by CT should lead us to reconsider the conventional management of cerebral infarction.

  7. <em>In Vivoem> Histamine Optical Nanosensors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heather A. Clark

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available In this communication we discuss the development of ionophore based nanosensors for the detection and monitoring of histamine levels <em>in vivoem>. This approach is based on the use of an amine-reactive, broad spectrum ionophore which is capable of recognizing and binding to histamine. We pair this ionophore with our already established nanosensor platform, and demonstrate <em>in vitroem> and <em>in vivoem> monitoring of histamine levels. This approach enables capturing rapid kinetics of histamine after injection, which are more difficult to measure with standard approaches such as blood sampling, especially on small research models. The coupling together of <em>in vivoem> nanosensors with ionophores such as nonactin provide a way to generate nanosensors for novel targets without the difficult process of designing and synthesizing novel ionophores.

  8. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cerebral blood flow and O2 uptake during dynamic exercise

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, P L; Sperling, B K; Warming, T

    1993-01-01

    Results obtained by the 133Xe clearance method with external detectors and by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) suggest that dynamic exercise causes an increase of global average cerebral blood flow (CBF). These data are contradicted by earlier data obtained during less-well-defined conditions....... To investigate this controversy, we applied the Kety-Schmidt technique to measure the global average levels of CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) during rest and dynamic exercise. Simultaneously with the determination of CBF and CMRO2, we used TCD to determine mean maximal flow velocity...... in the middle cerebral artery (MCA Vmean). For values of CBF and MCA Vmean a correction for an observed small drop in arterial PCO2 was carried out. Baseline values for global CBF and CMRO2 were 50.7 and 3.63 ml.100 g-1.min-1, respectively. The same values were found during dynamic exercise, whereas a 22% (P

  9. Quantification of extra-cerebral and cerebral hemoglobin concentrations during physical exercise using time-domain near infrared spectroscopy

    OpenAIRE

    Auger, Héloïse; Bherer, Louis; Boucher, Étienne; Hoge, Richard; Lesage, Frédéric; Dehaes, Mathieu

    2016-01-01

    Fitness is known to have beneficial effects on brain anatomy and function. However, the understanding of mechanisms underlying immediate and long-term neurophysiological changes due to exercise is currently incomplete due to the lack of tools to investigate brain function during physical activity. In this study, we used time-domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) to quantify and discriminate extra-cerebral and cerebral hemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation (SO2) in young adults...

  10. Significance of non-specific complaints in asymptomatic cerebral infarction. Approach based on the cerebral circulation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sakayori, Osamu; Kitamura, Shin; Nagazumi, Atsushi; Terashi, Akirou [Nippon Medical School, Tokyo (Japan)

    1997-10-01

    Seventy-three cases with asymptomatic cerebral infarction detected by MR scanning and 80 cases of past stroke patients were evaluated. The regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) using the SPECT, idoine-123-IMP autoradiography (ARG) method was measured. Twenty-two patients with non-specific complaints (dizziness, numbness of the extremities, headache, etc.) without cerebrovascular risk factors were also examined as controls. Fifty-two percent of the asymptomatic infarction cases had non-specific complaints. The regional CBF in all cerebral non-specific complaints showed significantly lower values as compared to the controls. There was no difference in CBF values between the asymptomatic infarction cases with non-specific complaints and the past stroke patients. Among the asymptomatic infarction patients, cases with both non-specific complaints and hypertension displayed significantly lower CBF values, especially in the frontal and temporal cortical regions, than did cases without non-specific complaints or hypertension. These findings suggest that the patient`s complaints should be taken into consideration when determining the clinical treatment of asymptomatic infarction. (author)

  11. Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Won Yong; Lee, Ki Hyeong; Yoon, Byung Woo; Lee, Sang Bok; Jeon, Beom S. [Samsung Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Kyung Han; Lee, Myung Chul [Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1996-03-15

    Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a Parkinson-plus syndrome characterized clinically by supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, axial rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and dementia. Presence of dementia and lack of cortical histopathology suggest the derangement of cortical function by pathological changes in subcortical structures in PSP, which is supported by the pattern of behavioral changes and measurement of brain metabolism using positron emission tomography. This study was done to examine whether there are specific changes of regional cerebral perfusion in PSP and whether there is a correlation between severity of motor abnormaility and degree of changes in cerebral perfusion. We measured regional cerebral perfusion indices in 5 cortical and 2 subcortical areas in 6 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PSP and 6 healthy age and sex matched controls using Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT. Compared with age and sex matched controls, only superior frontal regional perfusion index was significantly decreased in PSP (p<0.05). There was no correlation between the severity of the motor abnormality and any of the regional cerebral perfusion indices (p>0.05). We affirm the previous reports that perfusion in superior frontal cortex is decreased in PSP. Based on our results that there was no correlation between severity of motor abnormality and cerebral perfusion in the superior frontal cortex, nonmotoric symptoms including dementia needs to be looked at whether there is a correlation with the perfusion abnormality in superior frontal cortex

  12. Association of Lead Levels and Cerebral Palsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bansal, Neha; Aggarwal, Anju; Faridi, M. M. A.; Sharma, Tusha; Baneerjee, B. D.

    2017-01-01

    Background: Cerebral palsy is a common motor disability in childhood. Raised lead levels affect cognition. Children with cerebral palsy may have raised lead levels, further impairing their residual cognitive motor and behavioral abilities. Environmental exposure and abnormal eating habits may lead to increased lead levels. Aims and Objectives: To measure blood lead levels in children with cerebral palsy and compare them with healthy neurologically normal children. To correlate blood lead levels with environmental factors. Material and Methods: Design: Prospective case-control study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: Cases comprised 34 children with cerebral palsy, and controls comprised 34 neurologically normal, age- and sex-matched children. Methods: Clinical and demographic details were recorded as per proforma. Detailed environmental history was recorded to know the source of exposure to lead. These children were investigated and treated as per protocol. Venous blood was collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vials for analysis of blood lead levels. Lead levels were estimated by Schimadzu Flame AA-6800 (atomic absorption spectrophotometer). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. P pica were 12.33 ± 10.02 µg/dL in comparison to children with no history of pica, 6.70 ± 4.60 µg/dL (P = .029). No correlation was found between hemoglobin and blood lead levels in cases and controls. Conclusion: In our study, blood lead levels are raised in children with cerebral palsy. However, further studies are required to show effects of raised levels in these children. PMID:28491920

  13. Variabilità morfologica ed ecologica in <em>Neomys fodiensem> e <em>Neomys anomalusem> nell'Appennino settentrionale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dino Scaravelli

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available I due <em>Neomys> italiani sono ancora da chiarire dal punto di vista della loro caratterizzazione morfologica e ecologica. Il lavoro prende in considerazione un campione di entrambe le specie proveniente da habitat forestali dell?Appennino settentrionale per i quali sono stati identificati i principali parametri ambientali. Vengono quindi descritte la variabilità dei tratti morfologici delle due specie in aree localizzate nel Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna nell?Appennino tosco-romagnolo. Risultano di sicuro effetto discriminatorio la maschera facciale, il rapporto piede posteriore/coda e i caratteri cranici. Sulla base dei criteri identificativi si sono realizzate rilevazioni di misure corporee per le due specie e una comparazione degli habitat utilizzati. <em>N. fodiensem> appare unica specie nelle faggete-abetine e dominante nei castagneti, mentre nell?Ontaneta e nelle zone aperte e termofile si registra la sola presenza di <em>N. anomalusem>. Mancano entrambi nei prati cespugliati, nella pecceta e nella cerreta. I gradienti presenti sono quindi illustrati. Non appare una differenza altitudinale nel campione esaminato, posto in stazioni tra i 400 e i 1300 m, ma per entrambe vi sono maggiori riscontri nella fascia tra 700 e 850 m. Nell?analisi multivariata rispetto alle altre specie e alle variabili ambientali si riscontra sempre una discreta correlazione con la presenza di acqua di una certa ampiezza, che comunque è significativa solo per <em>N. fodiensem>, mentre risulta di interesse la positiva correlazione di <em>N. anomalusem> con <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem>.

  14. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kitamura, Shin; Ujike, Takashi; Kuroki, Soemu; Sakamoto, Shizuki; Soeda, Toshiyuki; Terashi, Akiro; Iio, Masaaki.

    1988-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine functional changes in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) were determined using 0-15 positron emission tomography in 10 PD patients and five age-matched healthy volunteers. There was a tendency among PD patients towards a decreased CBF and CMRO 2 in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. These values were significantly lower in the frontal cortex in the PD group than the control group. There was no difference in OEF between the groups. A more decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism was observed in patients staged as severer on the scale of Hoehn and Yahr. There was no correlation between cerebral oxygen metabolism and tremor, rigidity, or bradykinesis. A decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism was associated with mental disorders, such as depression, hallucination, and dementia. These results may provide an important clue for the understanding of mesocortical dopaminergic pathway and the relationship between PD and dementia. (N.K.)

  15. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kitamura, Shin; Ujike, Takashi; Kuroki, Soemu; Sakamoto, Shizuki; Soeda, Toshiyuki; Terashi, Akiro; Iio, Masaaki

    1988-10-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine functional changes in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO/sub 2/) were determined using 0-15 positron emission tomography in 10 PD patients and five age-matched healthy volunteers. There was a tendency among PD patients towards a decreased CBF and CMRO/sub 2/ in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. These values were significantly lower in the frontal cortex in the PD group than the control group. There was no difference in OEF between the groups. A more decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism was observed in patients staged as severer on the scale of Hoehn and Yahr. There was no correlation between cerebral oxygen metabolism and tremor, rigidity, or bradykinesis. A decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism was associated with mental disorders, such as depression, hallucination, and dementia. These results may provide an important clue for the understanding of mesocortical dopaminergic pathway and the relationship between PD and dementia. (N.K.).

  16. NADPH Oxidase Activity in Cerebral Arterioles Is a Key Mediator of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease-Implications for Prevention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCarty, Mark F

    2015-04-15

    Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a common feature of brain aging, is characterized by lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, leukoaraiosis, and a leaky blood-brain barrier. Functionally, it is associated with cognitive decline, dementia, depression, gait abnormalities, and increased risk for stroke. Cerebral arterioles in this syndrome tend to hypertrophy and lose their capacity for adaptive vasodilation. Rodent studies strongly suggest that activation of Nox2-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is a crucial driver of these structural and functional derangements of cerebral arterioles, in part owing to impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. This oxidative stress may also contribute to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier seen in SVD. Hypertension, aging, metabolic syndrome, smoking, hyperglycemia, and elevated homocysteine may promote activation of NADPH oxidase in cerebral arterioles. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase with phycocyanobilin from spirulina, as well as high-dose statin therapy, may have potential for prevention and control of SVD, and high-potassium diets merit study in this regard. Measures which support effective eNOS activity in other ways-exercise training, supplemental citrulline, certain dietary flavonoids (as in cocoa and green tea), and capsaicin, may also improve the function of cerebral arterioles. Asian epidemiology suggests that increased protein intakes may decrease risk for SVD; conceivably, arginine and/or cysteine-which boosts tissue glutathione synthesis, and can be administered as N-acetylcysteine-mediate this benefit. Ameliorating the risk factors for SVD-including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, smoking, and elevated homocysteine-also may help to prevent and control this syndrome, although few clinical trials have addressed this issue to date.

  17. Hydrogen sulfide intervention in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xin-juan Li

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The present study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats via the suture method. Ten minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with hydrogen sulfide donor compound sodium hydrosulfide. Immunofluorescence revealed that the immunoreactivity of P2X 7 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury decreased with hydrogen sulfide treatment. Furthermore, treatment of these rats with hydrogen sulfide significantly lowered mortality, the Longa neurological deficit scores, and infarct volume. These results indicate that hydrogen sulfide may be protective in rats with local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the expression of P2X 7 receptors.

  18. Efeito do sulfato de magnésio sobre o índice de pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas, umbilical e cerebral média fetal de acordo com a persistência da incisura protodiastólica da artéria uterina na pré-eclâmpsia grave Effect of magnesium sulfate on pulsatility index of uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries according to the persistence of bilateral diastolic notch of uterine arteries in patients with severe preeclampsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex Sandro Rolland Souza

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do sulfato de magnésio sobre o índice de pulsatilidade (IP das artérias uterinas, umbilicais e cerebral média fetal, de acordo com a persistência ou não da incisura protodiastólica bilateral das artérias uterinas na pré-eclâmpsia grave. MÉTODOS: foi desenvolvido um estudo do tipo coorte, incluindo 40 gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave, das quais 23 apresentavam incisura protodiastólica bilateral e 17, incisura ausente/unilateral. As pacientes foram submetidas a doplervelocimetria antes e depois de 20 minutos da administração intravenosa de 6 g do sulfato de magnésio. O exame foi realizado com a paciente em posição semi-Fowler, obtendo-se os sonogramas durante a inatividade fetal, em períodos de apneia e ausência de contrações uterinas. Todos os exames foram realizados por dois pesquisadores, considerando a média como resultado final. A comparação dos IP antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio em cada grupo foi realizada pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A diferença das duas medidas (antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio foi comparada entre os grupos (incisura bilateral e incisura ausente/unilateral utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: houve um aumento significativo da frequência cardíaca materna e uma diminuição da pressão arterial materna e da mediana dos IP das duas artérias uterinas e da artéria cerebral média fetal depois da utilização do sulfato de magnésio em ambos os grupos. Houve redução significativa do IP da artéria uterina esquerda e da artéria umbilical apenas no grupo com incisura protodiastólica unilateral/ausente. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação ao IP da artéria uterina direita e relação umbilical/cerebral antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio em cada grupo. Não se encontrou diferença entre os grupos, antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio, para nenhum dos desfechos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: após a administra

  19. Applications of cerebral SPECT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McArthur, C., E-mail: claire.mcarthur@nhs.net [Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow (United Kingdom); Jampana, R.; Patterson, J.; Hadley, D. [Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

    2011-07-15

    Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can provide three-dimensional functional images of the brain following the injection of one of a series of radiopharmaceuticals that crosses the blood-brain barrier and distributes according to cerebral perfusion, neurotransmitter, or cell density. Applications include differentiating between the dementias, evaluating cerebrovascular disease, preoperative localization of epileptogenic foci, diagnosing movement disorders, and evaluation of intracerebral tumours, while also proving a useful research tool. Unlike positronemission tomography (PET), SPECT imaging is widely available and can be performed in any department that has access to a rotating gamma camera. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the utility of cerebral SPECT and increase awareness of its role in the investigation of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

  20. Persistent resetting of the cerebral oxygen/glucose uptake ratio by brain activation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, P L; Hasselbalch, S G; Hagemann, L P

    1995-01-01

    fraction of the activation-induced excess glucose uptake. These data confirm earlier reports that brain activation can induce resetting of the cerebral oxygen/glucose consumption ratio, and indicate that the resetting persists for a long period after cerebral activation has been terminated and physiologic......Global cerebral blood flow (CBF), global cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen (CMRO2), and for glucose (CMRglc), and lactate efflux were measured during rest and during cerebral activation induced by the Wisconsin card sorting test. Measurements were performed in healthy volunteers using the Kety......-Schmidt technique. Global CMRO2 was unchanged during cerebral activation, whereas global CBF and global CMRglc both increased by 12%, reducing the molar ratio of oxygen to glucose consumption from 6.0 during baseline conditions to 5.4 during activation. Data obtained in the period following cerebral activation...